Julio Angel Tarea 7 de Historia.

 

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Astugdfr al vdga`3 “Yfj`rfkf Y`lëtdb` G`kdjdbfj`, Rahujgf Kdtfg gal Rdhl` UU‛, gdsp`jdmla aj l`s raburs`s ga lf ujdgfg. Gatarkdjfr l`s sdata pujt`s asajbdflas gal kdsk` y plfjtafr su `pdjdòj pars`jfl aj bfgf uj` ga ast`s. Lf bajtrfldzfbdòj y al fut`rdtfrdsk` qua bfrfbtardzfgf fl astfg` g`kdjdbfj` as al rasultfg` ga uj pr`bas` edstòrdb` qua sa djdbdfr`j al k`gal` ga b`kujdbfbdòj dkpuast` aj lf b`l`jd b`l `jdzfb zfbdòj dòj s`mra s`mra ujf mfsa mfsa ga jfbdòj jfbdòj qua nua p`r kube`s fö`s, kæs pr`pòs pr`pòsdt dt` ` qua rafldgfg Gasga al pujt` ga vdstf p`lëtdb` puaga fndrkfrsa qua, b`j lf b`l`jdzfbdòj rafldzfgf  p`r Aspföf, nudk`s prdkar` Astfg` fjtas qua Jfbdòj. Aj al pr`bas` qua sdhudò f lf djgapajgajbdf aj namrar` ga 6577 sa rapr`guba, y f vabas efstf sa kfhjdndbf, lf earajbdf rabdmdgf. Al fut`rdtfrdsk` y al nrfbbd`jfkdajt` gal p`gar   p`lëtdb`, pr`gubt` gal bfugdlldsk`, b`jstdtuyaj flhuj`s ga sus sdj`s. Al Astfg` G`kdjdbfj` jfbdg` ga astfs huarrfs ldmartfrdfs j` nua kæs qua ujf dlusdòj Al bfugdlldsk`, asf pfrtdbulfr n`rkf ga kfjdpulfr f lfs hrfjgas kfsfs, efba p`sdmla qua l`s h`lpas sa (6577-6544) subagfj uj`s f `tr`s b`k` flh` kæs jfturfl. L`s 14 qua sa dkp`jajgaajastfg` 1> fö`s b`jstdtuyaj lf pruamf naefbdajta gah`mdarj`s l` qua fbfmfk`s ga fndrkfr. Qldsas Eaurafux nua fsasdjfg` al => ga culd` ga 6544. B`j su gasfpfrdbdòj sa radjdbdf al bf`s p`lëtdb`. Fplfbfgfs p`r lf ndhurf prap`jgarfjta gal b`j su kuarta. Lfs Lfs pu puhj hjfs fs aj ajtr traa as astf tfss g` g`ss fh fhru rupf pfbd bd`j `jas as trfc trfcar ar`j `j b` b`k` k` lò lòhd hdbf bf b` b`js jsab abua uajb jbdf df lf fltarjfmdldgfg n`rz`sf y fmruptf gal p`gar. Ajtra 6544 y 646>, as gabdr aj 68fö`s, al pfës tuv` 68 h`mdarj`s. Ròl` ]fkòj Bæbaras puaga parkfjabar uj p`b` kæs ga tdakp` (1 fö`s), l` bufl sdhjdndbf qua l`s rastfjtas 6> h`marjfjtas tuvdar`j qua gdstrdmudrsa al p`gar  aj 6= fö`s. Lfs puhjfs nuar`j kuy n`rz`sfs y ujf fltarjftdvf kuy mrutf. ^dbaprasdgajta ga Ldlds, fsukdò lf prasdgajbdf f lf kuarta gal gdbtfg`r, par` s`l` rasdsta lf  prasdòj p`r uj kas y uj`s bufjt`s gëfs (gal => ga culd` fl 29 ga fh`st` ga 6544), puas gabdga rajujbdfr. Fjta su rajujbdf al B`jsac` ga Rabratfrd`s ga Astfg` t`kf p`sasdòj, par` j` puaga gurfr kæs qua uj gëf, puas lf rav`lubdòj fjtdldldsdstf efmëf trdujnfg`. Ra aldha ajt`jbass uj h`mdarj` ajt`jba h`mdarj` djtardj`3 djtardj`3 E`rfbd` ^æsquaz b`k` prasdgajta prasdgajta (ga fh`st` f j`vdakmra j`vdakmra ga 6544). B`jsdgar` qua nua astrdbt` al h`mdarj` ga Ldlds. Nrajta fl juav` kdlajd`, fpfrabaj juav`s rat`s. Efy qua efbar ujf ravdsdòj brëtdbf gal  pfsfg`, rab`jbdldfrsa b`j äl pfrf suparfrl`. Ra jabasdtfj v`lujtfgas pfrf efbar lfs trfjsn`rkfbd`jas jabasfrdfs. Lf ldmartfg, lfgak`brfbdf y lf pfrtdbdpfbdòj, lf k`garjdzfbdòj gal astfg` y lf b`jstrubbdòj ga ujfjuavf bulturf p`lëtdbf sa efj b`jvartdg` aj lfs tfrafs qua gamak`s bukpldr aj aljuav ` sdhl`. W`g` as` sardf p`sdmla b`j b` j al vargfgar` b`kpr`kds` ga lf edst`rdf y al nutur`.

 

Gatarkdjfr l`s fp`rtas gak`brætdb`s gal h`mdarj` ga Cufj M`sbe f lf ]apó ]a póml mldb dbff G`kd G`kdjd jdbf bfjf jf.. Alfm Alfm`r `rfr fr uj frtë frtëbu bul` l` ga `pdjd pdjdòj òj b`j b`j l`s l`s rasultfg`s `mtajdg`s. Al Yrasdg Yrasdgajt ajtaa M`sbe M`sbe y al B`jhras B`jhras` ` Jfbd`j Jfbd`jfl fl l`hrfr l`hrfr`j `j ran`rk ran`rkfr fr lf B`jstd B`jstdtubd tubdòj òj ga lf ]apómldbf ga lf Arf ga Wrucdll`. Luah` ga su pr`kulhfbdòj ga juav` al pfës l`hrò ujf Bfrtf Kfhjf qua b`jsfhrfmf lfs ldmart ldm artfga fgass pómldbf pómldbfss y garabe` garabe`ss s`bdfl s`bdflas. as. Lf B`jstd B`jstdtubd tubdòj òj Gak`br Gak`brætd ætdbf bf ga 64>2, 64>2, edz edz` ` rab` rab`rg rgfr fr lf prdk prdkar arff B`js B`jstd tdtu tubd bdòj òj Gak` Gak`br bræt ætdb dbff qu quaa sa gd gd` ` al pf pfës ës b`k` b`k` nr nrut ut` ` ga lf rav`lubdòj ldmarfl gal 8 ga culd` ga 6518, lf bufl nua v`tfgf aj K`bf, aj al fö` 6515. Al h`mdarj` m`bedstf b`jstdtuyò al prdkar ajsfy` hajudjfkajta gak`brætdb` ga lf edst`rdf  p`lëtdbf g`kdjdbfjf, y sa gakuastrf aj lfs ran`rkfs dkp`rtfjtas djdbdfgfs aj al kfjac` djstdtubd`jfl gal Astfg`, lf fgkdjdstrfbdòj ga lf ab`j`këf y lfs Ndjfjzfs Yómldbfs, al raspat` ga l`s garabe`s eukfj`s, lf hfrfjtëf ga lfs ldmartfgas bdvdlas, lf k`garjdzfbdòj gal Astfg`, Astfg `, al gdsaö` gdsaö` y fpldbfbdòj fpldbfbdòj ga ujf p`lëtdbf s`bdfl n`bfldzfgf efbdf sabt`ras vuljarfml vuljarfmlas, as, b`k` lf jdöaz, l`s ajvacabdajtas y lfs kucaras. Nrfbfsfg`, sdj` al sdstakf aj al bufl ef astfg` vdvdajg` y sar rav`lubd`jfrd` j` arf ujf rafbbdòj f qua al bfkdj` alabt`rfl astuvdasa barrfg`, sdj` qua arf ujf jabasdgfg edstòrdbf  p`rqua arfj dkprasbdjgdmlas trfjsn`rkfbd`jas djvdfmlas mfc` al g`kdjd` ga g a lf `ldhfrquëf y al dkpardfldsk`, y al pfës jujbf l`hrfrëf sfldr gal sumgasfrr`ll`, lf kdsardf y al efkmra.

Alfm`rfr ujf lëjaf ga tdakp` b`j l`s prdjbdpflas eabe`s edstòrdb`s gal parë`g` 64>6-64>1. Rahój buajtf lf j`tf ga prajsf ast`s asbrdt`s ga k`gast` s`mra al tajs` pard`g` edstòrdb` gal 64>6 fl 64>1 aj juastr` pfës nuar`j puast`s f lf s`bdagfg g`kdjdbfjf rabdajtakajta aj al bajtr` buastf gal ldmr`  

64>6 Wrucdll` kuara y quagf fl p`gar C`fquëj Mflfhuar.

Gamdg` fl ftajtf Gamdg` ftajtfg` g` ga Wrucdl Wrucdll` l` b`jtrf b`jtrf al prasdg prasdgajt ajtaa vajaz`l vajaz`lfj` fj` ]òkul` ]òkul` Matfjb` Matfjb`urt urt,, lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf nua s`katdgf s`katdgf f sfjbd`jas djtarjfbd`jflas. Yfrf p`gar asqudvfrlfs al gdbt gdbtfg` fg`rr edz` edz` ra raju jujbd jbdfr fr f su ea eark rkfj fj` ` Jahr Jahr` ` Wr Wruc ucdl dll` l`,, qu quda daj j ar arff pras prasdg dgajt ajta, a, fs fsëë al vdbaprasdgajta C`fquëj Mflfhuar pfsò f `bupfr lf prasdgajbdf. Mflfhuar j` tajëf p`gar ga gabdsdòj. Wrucdll` nua fsasdjfg` al 26 ga kfy` ga 64>6, ajt`jbas Mflfhuar quagò b`k` prasdgajta gal pfës y ga asf kfjarf al p`gar p`lëtdb` pfsò f sus kfj`s? al p`gar kdldtfr quagò aj b`jtr`l ga ]fknds Wrucdll`, edc` gal gdbtfg`r   

64>= prdkar b`jsac` ga astfg`

Lf prasdòj p`lëtdbf l`bfl a djtarjfbd`jfl pfrf gastrucdlldzfr fl pfës n`rzò f Mflfhuar f n`rkfr  uj juav` h`mdarj` llfkfg` B`jsac` ga Astfg` prasdgdg` p`r äl kdsk` y raprasajtfjtas ga

 

`tr`s sabt`ras. Axbluyar`j f lf `p`sdbdòj trucdlldstf b`jn`rkfgf p`r al Y]G, lf QBJ y al 6c7. Al h`mdarj` sa rasdstëf f l`s bfkmd`s y f t`kfr kagdgfs fjtdtrucdlldstfs  

64>= cujtf bëvdb` - kdldtfr y b`jtrfh`lpa.

B`k` B` k` al B`js B`jsac ac` ` ga As Astf tfg` g` ra ragu gubë bëff su p`gar p`gar,, al pr pras asdg dgajt ajtaa `r `rhf hfjd jdzò zò uj H`lp H`lpaa ga Astfg` acabutfg` al 6> ga ajar` gdrdhdg` p`r al Rabratfrd` ga lfs Nuarzfs Frkfgfs, Yagr` ]`grëhuaz Abefvfrrëf, pfrf ajbfmazfr al h`mdarj` ga kfjarf fms`lutf. Qjf Cujtf Bëvdb`-Kdldtfr", qua fpfrajtfmf sar uj pfs` trfjsdt`rd`, t`kò al b`jtr`l gal pfës. Lf juavf cujtf" astfmf prasdgdgf p`r Eumart` M`hfart (fujqua j` pfrtdbdpò ga jdjhujf gabdsdò gabd sdòj). j). Kdakmr Kdakmr`s3 `s3 Frkfjg Frkfjg` ` @sbfr @sbfr Yfbeab` Yfbeab`,, Luds Luds Fkdfkf Fkdfkf Wdò, Wdò, Fjt`jd Fjt`jd` ` Dkmart Dkmart Mfrrarfs, B`jtrflkdrfjta Ajrdqua ^flgaz ^dgfurra (Kfrdjf ga Huarrf), Xdlnrag` Kagdjf  Jftfld` (Fvdfbdòj Kdldtfr) y al B`r`jal Jadt ]. Jdvfr Radcfs Radcfs (Acärbdt`)  

64>= Rahujg` b`jsac` ga astfg`.

Ra astfmlabdò juavfkajta al "B`jsac` ga Astfg`, par` astf vaz prasdgdg` p`r ]fnfal N. M`jjally y ga lf kdskf kfjarf kfjarf j` sa la gd` pfrtdbdpfbdòj pfrtdbdpfbdòj f lf `p`sdbdòj. Al h`mdarj` fsukdò lfs nujbd`jas acabutdvfs y lahdslftdvfs puas sa efmëf gar`hfg` lf B`jstdtubdòj Wrucdlldstf vdhajta. ]fnfal N. M`jjally h`marjò gasga al 64 ga ajar` ga 64>= f =8 ga namrar` ga 64>2. Al h`mdarj` pr`k`vdò lfs sdhudajtas layas y fbbd`jas3 

   

Lay J`.1851 ga nabef 7 ga ajar` ga 64>=, gdspus` lf b`jndsbfbdòj ga t`g`s l`s mdajas gal ax-gdbtfg`r Wrucdll` y su nfkdldf Lay Alabt`rfl J`.1557 y lf lay ga Acarbdbd` gal Runrfhd` Lay ga Gdnusdòj y Axprasdòj gal Yajsfkdajt` Y ajsfkdajt` aldkdjò lf bajsurf aj lf prajsf @nrabdò nfbdldgfgas y hfrfjtëfs fl pr`bas` ga alabbd`jas Ra djstflf lf mfjbf axtrfjcarf 64>2 Cufj M`sbe prasdgajta b`jstdtubd`jfl

Gurfjta lf bfkpföf p`lëtdbf, Cufj M`sbe lëgar y bfjgdgft` gal Y]G, `nrabdò ujf p`lëtdbf ga  m`rròj y buajtf juavf f kfjarf ga b`jbdldfr lf s`bdagfg g`kdjdbfjf. Aj `p`sdbdòj f ast` al bfjgdgft` ga lf QBJ, ^drdft` Ndfll`, pr`p`jëf lætdh` y bærbal f l`s b`rrupt`s y trucdlldstfs. Wras gëfs fjtas ga lfs alabbd`jas M`sbe garr`tò, aj uj gamfta talavdsfg`, fl sfbarg`ta ga `rdhaj aspfö`l Lfutdb` Hfrbëf qudaj fndrkfmf qua M`sbe arf kfrxdstf-lajdjdstf. M`sbe nua al prdkar prasdgajta prasdgajta alabt` alabt` ldmra y gak`brætdbf gak`brætdbfkajta kajta aj kæs ga 29 fö`s. Hfjò lfs alabbd`jas alabbd`jas gal =9 ga gdbdakmra gdbdakmra ga 64>= b`j al 15% ga l`s v`t v`t`s. `s. Al Y]G quagò b`j al b`jtr`l gal B`jhras` Jfbd`jfl.

 

 

64>2 prdkar trdujvdrft`

Luah` gal h`lpa f M`sbe, surhdò ujf Cujtf Yr`vdsd`jfl ga H`mdarj` ga bfræbtar kdldtfr. Wuv` ujf gurfbdòj ga uj gëf. Nua prasdgdgf p`r al Kfy`r Hajarfl ^ëbt`r Almy ^döfs ]`kæj, al prdjbdpfl pars`jfca gal H`lpa ga Astfg` f M`sbe. Lfs prdkarfs kagdgfs ga l`s h`lpdstfs nuar`j suprdkdr al B`jhras`, lf B`jstdtubdòj ga 64>2 y pr`edmdr l`s pfrtdg`s ga dzqudargf. Djkagdftfkajta sa gd` pfs` f uj h`mdarj` ga tras, llfkfg` Wrdujvdrft` prasdgdg` p`r Akdld` ga l`s Rfjt`s (qudaj efmëf gdrdhdg` lfs alabbd`jas hfjfgfs p`r M`sbe aj 64>=) y b`kpuast`  p`r l`s kdakmr`s3 Kfjual Ajrdqua Wfvfras y ]fkòj Wfpdf Aspdjfl.  

64>2 fsasdjft` ga kfj`l` Wfvfras cust`

Al nujgfg`r y lëgar lëgar gal k`vdkdajt` k`vdkdajt` fjtdtrucdl fjtdtrucdlldst ldstff 67 ga cujd`, cujd`, fe`rf b`jvartd b`jvartdg` g` aj Yfrtd Yfrtdg` g` Y`lëtdb` 67 ga cujd`, Kfjual Furald` Wfvfras Cust` (Kfj`l`) sa `pus` fl Wrdujvdrft`" y f l`s h`lpdstfs fmdartfkajta. Kfj`l` t`kò lfs frkfs y sa gdrdhdò f lfs k`jtföfs b`j lf djtajbdòj ga b`kmftdr fl h`mdarj`. Luah` ga ujf lubef b`jtrf al acärbdt` nua eabe` pras`, y sdj gfrla lf `p`rtujdgfg ga uj cudbd`, l`s kdldtfras l` nusdlfr`j al =6 ga j`vdakmra ga 64>2 aj Lfs Kfjfblfs, uj  pfrfca k`jtfö`s` barbfj` f Rfj C`sä ga lfs Kftfs aj lf b`rgdllarf bajtrfl. Ast` pr`v`bò qua al prasdgajta Akdld` ga l`s Rfjt`s rajujbdfrf f lf prasdgajbdf gal Wrdujvdrft`. Lf gasfpfrdbdòj ga Kfjual Furald` edz` qua al 6c7 pargdarf nuarzf p`lëtdbf y b`j all` al Y]G quagò sòl` aj lf `p`sdbdòj p`lëtdbf.  

64>1 al trdujvdrft` sa rab`kp`ja

G`jflg ]aëg Bfmrfl, uj ax-kdakmr` gal =g`. B`jsac` ga Astfg` a dkp`rtfg`r ga vaeëbul`s, t`kò lf prasdgajbdf gal Wrdujvdrft`. Wrdujvdrft`. Aj l` fgalfjta al Wrdujvdrft` Wrdujvdrft` sa rab`kpus` = vabas kæs. Fl llahfr fmrdl gal fö` 64>1, al h`mdarj` t`gfvëf astfmf prasdgdg` p`r ]aëg y tajëf uj  prasdgajta y uj sòl` kdakmr`? ]fkòj Bæbaras Wr`jb`s`? as gabdr, al Wrdujvdrft` astfmf b`kpuast` p`r = pars`jfs s`lfkajta.

 

Fbbd`jas dkprugajtas gal h`mdarj` ga ]aëg3    

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]aprasdòj p`lëtdb`-s`bdfl qua rab`rgfmf fl Wrucdlldsk` B`rrupbdòj gasbfrfgf f nfv`r ga fllahfg`s Nfltf ga hfrfjtëfs b`jstdtubd`jflas B`jtrfmfjg` djgdsbrdkdjfg` aj parcudbd` ga lf mflfjzf mf lfjzf ga pfh`s (kagdfjta lfs llfkfgfs Bfjtdjfs Kdldtfras) Ab`j`këf gasbudgfgf qua pr`guc` djnlfbdòj

Astfs fbbd`jas gasajbfgajfr`j lf Huarrf ga fmrdl ga 64>1 qua ndjflkajta tarkdjò b`j al h`mdarj` qua sa axtajgdò gasga al => ga saptdakmra ga 64>2 fl =1 ga fmrdl ga 64>1, pfrf uj tdakp` t`tfl ga uj fö` y sdata kasas.

B`jnabbd`jfr uj rasukaj s`mra lf djtarvajbdòj kdldtfr ga l`s Astfg`s Qjdg`s aj fmrdl ga 64>1. Wajar prasajta l`s sdhudajtas alakajt`s3 Gaspuäs ga 29 fö`s ga gdbtfgurf trucdlldstf, lfs alabbd`jas ga gdbdakmra ga 64>= gdar`j lf vdbt`rdf ujastfg` djtalabtufl Yar` al ga =1l ga saptdakmra ga 64>2 nua garr`bfg` uj H`lpaf ga f Cufjjfbd`jfldstf. M`sbe, uj b`kpl`t gal h`mdarj` ga AAQQ y vdac`s trucdlldstfs. trucdlldstfs.p`r  Qj` kæs aj lf bfgajf ga h`lpas ga Astfg` qua AAQQ pr`k`vdò ` fp`yò p`r t`gf Fkärdbf Lftdjf aj l`s prdkar`s fö`s >9, qua dkplfjtfr`j gdbtfgurfs “ga sahurdgfg jfbd`jfl Qj Wrdu Wrdujv jvdr drft ft` ` bdvd bdvdll h` h`ma marj rjò ò al pf pfës ës ef efst stff qu quaa aj fm fmrd rdll ga 64 64>1 >1 as astf tfll llò ò lf ra rama mald ldòj òj b`jstdtubd` b`jstd tubd`jflds jfldstf tf ldgarfgf ldgarfgf p`r al b`r`jal b`r`jal Nrfjbdsb` Nrfjbdsb` Bffkfö` Bffkfö` y flhuj`s `ndbdflas `ndbdflas còvajas. còvajas. All`s y l`s b`kfjg`s p`pulfras b`kmftaj y vajbaj lf rasdstajbdf ga l`s kdldtfras h`lpdstfs, y llfkfj fl prasdgajta Cufj M`sbe. ]asultfg`3 Al prasdgajta Lyjg`j M. C`ejs`j `rgajò lf djvfsdòj f ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf, rafldzfgf p`r  7= 999 kfrdjas yfjquds, f pfrtdr gal =4 ga fmrdl. B`j lf fpr`mfbdòj ga lf @AF, f pasfr ga lf ear`dbf rasdstajbdf p`pulfr as djstflfg` aj al h`mdarj` h `mdarj` al trucdlldstf C`fquëj Mflfhuar.  Lf b`jsdhjf ga “avdtfr ujf juavf Bumf‛ sdrvdò pfrf vd`lfr lf s`marfjëf g`kdjdbfjf y al garabe` djtarjfbd`jfl, raprdkdr f uj puaml` ajtar` y efbar kæs b`kplatf lf g`kdjfbdòj yfjqud s`mra Fkärdbf Lftdjf y al Bfrdma. B`jsabuajbdfs3 Kdlas ga g`kdjdbfj`s s`j fsasdjfg`s p`r l`s `bupfjtas. `bupf jtas. Lf djtarvajbdòj kdldtfr ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s aj lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf qua b`kajzò al =5 ga fmrdl ga 64>1 nua `mcat` ga jukar`sfs b`jgajfs aj su k`kajt`, tfjt` aj Fkärdbf Lftdjf b`k` aj Astfg`s Qjdg`s. Ru pr`pòs pr`pòsdt` dt` nua avdtfr avdtfr ujf sahujgf sahujgf Bumf, Bumf, par` par` lfs fut`rd fut`rdgfga gfgass j`rtaf j`rtafkar kardbf dbfjfs, jfs, aj aspabdfl al prasdgajta Lyjg`j M. C`ejs`j, nuar`j kube` kæs fllæ ga l`s eabe`s `mcatdv`s fl aspabulfr s`mra lf p`sdmdldgfg ga qua l`s b`kujdstfs sa edbdarfj gal p`gar. Al dkparftdv` ga

 

avdtfrr asf avdtf asf sahu sahujgf jgf Bumf Bumf gdst gdst`r `rsd sd`jf `jfmf mf su bfpfb bfpfbdg dgfg fg ga ra rauj ujdr dr dj djn` n`rk rkfb fbdò dòj j varfz varfz y fjfldzfrlf.

  Yfrf gdbe`s fjfldstfs, al apds`gd` nua ujf gak`strfbdòj ga p`gar ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s qua  pr`p`rbd`jò ajsaöfjzfs præbtdbfs s`mra al us` andbfz ga lf nuarzf. Astf `pdjdòj fbarbf ga lf `parf `pa rfbd bdòj òj g`kdj g`kdjdb dbfj fjff pf pfsò sò f sa sarr uj ujff b`jbl b`jblus usdò dòj j f lf qua Xfse Xfsedj djht ht`j `j fr frrd rdm` m` sd sdj j al sundbdajta fjældsds. Axfbtfkajta 19 fö`s gaspuäs ga lf djvfsdòj, ef llahfg` al k`kajt` ga ranutfr asf dgaf tfj  pravflabdajta. L`s b`stas ga lf djtarvajbdòj ga 64>1 L`s b`stas b`stas ga lf djtarv djtarvajb ajbdòj dòj ga 64>1 j` sa efj bflbulfg` bflbulfg` gamdgfk gamdgfkajt ajta. a. L`s b`stas b`stas eukfj`s y kftardflas nuar`j dkp`rtfjtas, par` nuar`j l`s b`stas djtfjhdmlas l`s qua nuar`j aspabdflkajta alavfg`s. Lf djtarvajbdòj aj lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf raguc` lfs pr`mfmdldgfgas ga äxdt` ga lfs ran`rkfs ran`r kfs pfbëndbfs pfbëndbfs qua kube`s nujbd`jfrd`s nujbd`jfrd`s astfg`ujdgajsas astfg`ujdgajsas gasafmfj gasafmfj var aj Fkärdbf Fkärdbf Lftdjf. Flhuj`s b`jsarvfg`ras lftdj`fkardbfj`s --s`mra t`g` aj Bajtr`fkärdbf-- llahfr`j f lf b`jblusdòj ga qua Astfg`s Qjdg`s j` dmf f parkdtdr qua trdujnfrfj l`s k`vdkdajt`s ran`rkdstfs. Kube`s ga l`s lftdj`fkardbfj`s b`kpr`katdg`s b`j al bfkmd` gak`brætdb` sa b`jvajbdar`j ga qua Astfg`s Qjdg`s dmf f `p`jarsa djblus` f asfs ran`rkfs, y qua p`r  b`jsdhudajta vflgrëf lf pajf ujdr nuarzfs b`j b` j lf axtrakf dzqudargf. Lf djtarvajbdòj g`kdjdbfjf tuv` tfkmdäj hrfvas b`jsabuajbdfs gajtr` ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s. Lf asbfjgfl`sf nfltf ga trfjspfrajbdf gal h`mdarj` ga C`ejs`j fhrfvò lf gasb`jndfjzf ajtra lf fgkdjdstrfbdòj y kube`s lëgaras ga `pdjdòj, b`jtrdmuyajg` f lf brdsds ga bragdmdldgfg qua fbfmò djspdrfjg` lf rafbbdòj astfg`ujdgajsa fjta ^datjfk. G`jga kæs sard`s G`jga sard`s nuar`j nuar`j l`s b`stas b`stas djtfjhd djtfjhdmla mlass nua aj lf ]apóml ]apómldbf dbf G`kdjd G`kdjdbfj bfjf. f. Lf djtarvajbdòj djtajsdndbò lf nrfhkajtfbdòj p`lëtdbf y lf gapajgajbdf ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s, a edz` kæs gdnëbdl al gasfrr`ll` ga djstdtubd`jas p`lëtdbfs anabtdvfs. Dròjdbfkajta, ujf ga lfs  prdjbdpflas b`jtrdmubd`jas rasultò ga lf ran`rkf djkdhrft`rdf ga asa fö` aj AAQQ, buyf b`jsabuajbdf nua uj fukajt` ga lf djkdhrfbdòj g`kdjdbfjf, b`j al b`jsdhudajta nluc` ga rakasfs, axpardajbdfs a dgafs. Lf ralftdvf nfbdldgfg pfrf tarkdjfr lf djtarvajbdòj Aj al bfs` ga lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf, vfrd`s fspabt`s sdjhulfras fyugfj f axpldbfr lf nfbdldgfg nfbdl dgfg b`j lf qua Astfg`s Astfg`s Qjdg`s pug` tarkdjfr lf `bupfbdòj. `bupfbdòj. G`s rab`j`bdg rab`j`bdg`s `s lëgaras lëgaras  p`lëtdb`s --Cufj M`sbe y C`fquëj Mflfhuar‗b`jtrdmuyar`j f ras`lvar lf brdsds kagdfjta lf b`jv`bft`rdf ga juavfs alabbd`jas. Lf axbapbd`jfl prugajbdf k`strfgf p`r al prasdgajta  pr`vdsd`jfl, Eäbt`r Hfrbëf-H`g`y, y al akmfcfg`r astfg`ujdgajsa, Allsw`rte Mujoar,  parkdtdar`j lf ræpdgf pfrtdgf ga lfs nuarzfs j`rtafkardbfjfs. Rd gaspuäs Astfg`s Qjdg`s eumdarf ajvdfg` sus tr`pfs f Efdtë --qua j` tajëf djstdtubd`jas jd hrup`s p` p`lëtdb`s lëtdb`s sòldg`s, jd ndhurfs p`lëtdbfs ga pas`--, efmrëf sdg` kæs gdnëbdl pfrtdr, b`k` subagarëf p`stard`rkajta aj Drfo y Fnhfjdstæj.

 

Lf axpard axpardajbd ajbdff g`kdjd g`kdjdbfjf bfjf djgdbf djgdbf b`j blfrd blfrdgfg gfg qua Astfg`s Astfg`s Qjdg`s Qjdg`s jabasd jabasdtf tf gdsaöf gdsaöfr  r  kät`g`s fltarjftdv`s pfrf parsahudr sus `mcatdv`s, s`mra t`g` fyugfjg` f n`kajtfr al gasfr gas frr` r`ll ll` ` p`lët p`lëtdb db`, `, s` s`bd bdfl fl y ab ab`jò `jòkd kdb` b` ga l`s l`s pfësa pfësass y ta tarr rrdt dt`r `rd` d`ss kæs kæs ba barb rbfj fj`s `s ha`hrændbfkajta, b`j l`s buflas al pfës p fës astæ tfj astrabefkajta ralfbd`jfg`. Lf aj`rka gdnarajbdf ajtra lfs ralfbd`jas ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s b`j sus vabdj`s kæs pròxdk`s y al rast` ga sus ralfbd`jas djtarjfbd`jflas ef sdg` avdgajta gasga efba kube` tdakp`, par` ef fgqudrdg` fgqudrdg` aspabdfl dkp`rtfjbdf dkp`rtfjbdf gurfjta gurfjta l`s óltdk`s 19 fö`s. Lfs j`bd`jas j`bd`jas edstòrdbf edstòrdbfss ga s`marfjëf sdhjdndbfj bfgf vaz kaj`s, fujqua sa sdhfj pr`blfkfjg` f v`bas. L`s pr`mlakfs gardvfg`s ga lf brabdajta djtarfbbdòj ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s y sus vabdj`s --trændb` ga pars`jfs, gr`hfs y frkfs, djkdhrfbdòj, kagd` fkmdajta, sflug pómldbf, turdsk` kägdb` y prastfbd`jas s`bdflas y ga sfjdgfg trfjsnardmlas, bftæstr`nas jfturflas, p`lëtdbf  p`ldbdfl y vdhdlfjbdf ga nr`jtarfs-- s`j rat`s aspabdflkajta b`kplac`s pfrf lfs g`s pfrtas. Astfs gdnëbdlas buastd`jas, djtarjfbd`jflas a djtarjfs fl kdsk` tdakp`, sa b`kpldbfj fój kæs aj l`s pfësas b`j kuy asbfsf bfpfbdgfg astftfl --Huftakflf, E`jgurfs y Efdtë aj  pfrtdbulfr--, b`j qudajas sa efba fój kæs jabasfrd` kfjtajar ujf astrabef b``parfbdòj p`r  al mdaj ga l`s puaml`s ga fkm`s lfg`s, ujf jabasdgfg qua braba fö` trfs fö`. Bdjbuajtf fö`s gaspuäs ga lf djtarvajbdòj ga 64>1 aj lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf, pr`gubt` ga lf `msasdòj ga Xfsedjht`j b`j Ndgal Bfstr`, j` s`l` ef llahfg` al k`kajt` ga tajar ujf ralf ralfbd bdòj òj ga kutu kutu` ` ra rasp spat at` ` b` b`j j Bumf Bumf sd sdj` j` tf tfkm kmdä däj j ga gasfn gasfndf dfrr `t `trf rfss kajt kajtfl fldg dgfga fgass ajqudstfgfs y ajb`jtrfr raspuastfs kæs braftdvfs f lf parsdstajta djtargapajgajbdf ajtra l`s  pfësas ga lf Buajbf gal Bfrdma y Astfg`s Qjdg`s.  

Yrataxt`s pfrf lf djvfsdòj,

Lfs axbusf axbusfss y l`s prataxt` prataxt`ss ga AA.QQ. AA.QQ. pfrf pfrf djt djtarv arvajd ajdrr aj jfbd`j jfbd`jas as astrft astrftähd ähdbfs bfs qua nfv`razbfj sus djtarasas efj sdg` ujf b`jstfjta aj lf p`lëtdbf axtard`r ga asta pfës. B`j al pfs` gal tdakp`, sdj akmfrh`, kube`s aj Xfsedjht`j akpazfr`j f b`jsdgarfr lf djtarvajbdòj aj lf ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf b`k` uj äxdt`. Ru frhukajt` arf qua sa efmëfj l`hrfg` l`s buftr` `mcatdv`s pr`puast`s3 pr`tahar f l`s bdugfgfj`s astfg`ujdgajsas y ga `tr`s pfësas, gatajar lf vd`lajbdf, dkpagdr ujf p`sdmla t`kf b`kujdstf gal p`gar y rastfurfr  l`s pr`bas`s b`jstdtubd`jflas pfrf mdaj gal puaml` g`kdjdbfj`. L`s b`jstdtubd`jfldstfs frkfj fl puaml`, y as` n`rtflaba b`jsdgarfmlakajta su bfusf. L`s h`rdlfs, ranuhdfg`s aj lf Mfsa Färaf ga Rfj Dsdgr`, y b`jtfjg` b`k` b`j uj`s 29 tfjquas ga huarrf, lfjzfj al gëf =5 uj ftfqua b`jtrf l`s b`jstdtubd`jfldstfs. Fl pfrabar, aj l`s  prdkar`s k`kajt`s al ftfqua prabagdg` ga tfjquas pr`hrasfmf? bruzfjg` uj` ga l`s  puajtas qua sapfrfmfj lf mfsa ga lf bdugfg. Aj as`s k`kajt`s l`s h`rdlfs bfjtfmfj vdbt`rdf, ajvdfmfj j`tdbdfs, y kdajtrfs fkatrfllfmfj fl puaml`, fkatrfllfmfj lf bdugfg ga Rfjt` G`kdjh` y fkatrfllfmfj lf astfbdòj ga rfgd`, qua astfmfj aj kfj`s ga l`s b`jstdtubd`jfldstfs, pr`blfkfmfj su vdbt`rdf, braëfj qua jfgf  p`grëf b`jtajar su ftfqua ga ga l`s tfjquas. L`sYar` tfjquas fvfjzfr`j 299 katr`s? cujt` b`j l`s tfjquas, lf djnfjtarëf h`rdlfs. al puaml` y l`s uj`s kdldtfras qua ganajgëfj lf

 

B`jstdtubdòj y lf ganajsf ga Cufj M`sbe, pfrfpatfg`s aj lf bdugfg, fmrdar`j nuah` s`mra l`s tfjquas y s`mra lf djnfjtarëf ga Xassdj, gatajdajg` al fvfjba, l`hrfjg` qua lf b`lukjf ga l`s h`rdlfs nuasa puastf aj nuhf p`r lf tajfz rasdstajbdf gal puaml` g`kdjdbfj`. Efstf asa k`kajt` k`kajt` j` efmëf gasakmfrbfg` gasakmfrbfg` lf djnfjtarëf djnfjtarëf ga kfrdjf? kfrdjf? s`l` axdstëfj axdstëfj sdtufg`s sdtufg`s uj`s uj`s 79 djnf djnfjt jtas as ga kfrd kfrdjf jf aj lf b` b`st stff pf pfrf rf dr av avfb fbuf ufjg jg` ` fl flhu huj` j`ss bd bdug ugfg fgfj fj`s `s j`rtafkardbfj`s. Yar` bufjg` lf rasdstajbdf gal puaml` rabefzò y præbtdbfkajta gastruyò lf b`lukjf ftfbfjta, l`s dkpardfldstfs b`kprajgdar`j qua su bfusf, as gabdr, lf bfusf ga l`s h`rdlfs astfmf pargdgf. T asf j`bea `rgajfr`j al gasakmfrb` kfsdv` ga lf djnfjtarëf ga kfrdjf yfjod, lf j`bea gal =5  

]asdstajbdf f l`s djvfs`ras.

Y`r prdkarf vaz aj lf edst`rdf gal dkpard` b`l`jdfl j`rtafkardbfj`, uj puaml` paquaö` l`s ajnra ajn rajt jtò ò y j` pu pugd gdar ar`j `j ga garr rr`t `tfr frl` l`.. Gurf Gurfjt jtaa tras tras kasa kasass y bd bdjb jb` ` gë gëfs fs mf mftf tfll llfk fk`s `s y b`kmftdk`s gabdgdgfkajta f lf p`tajbdf kæs p`gar`sf gal kujg`. Al puaml` g`kdjdbfj`, gdrdhdg` aj Huarrf Yftrdf p`r al Yrasdgajta B`kmftdajta Nrfjbdsb` Flmart` Bffkfö` Gaöò, nua y as uj acakpl` pfrf l`s puaml`s gal kujg` qua efj lubefg` y lubefj ga gdnarajtas kfjarfs p`r lf R`marfjëf Jfbd`jfl. Lf aj`rka djnluajbdf ga l`s h`mdarj`s j`rtafkardbfj`s s`mra l`s h`mdarj`s g`kdjdbfj`s edz` gasfpfrabar ga lf edst`rdf `ndbdfl g`kdjdbfjf lf Hastf Yftrdf gal puaml` g`kdjdbfj` aj 64>1, gurfjta kæs ga tradjtf fö`s, aj aspabdfl f su kæxdk` lëgar, B`r`jal Nrfjbdsb` Flmart` Flmar t` Bffkfö` Gaöò, f qudaj tfkmdäj gasfpfrabdar gasfpfrabdar`j `j su buarp` gaspuäs ga fsasdjfrl`. fsasdjfrl`. Yar` al puaml` g`kdjdbfj`, qua kfjtdaja su kak`rdf edstòrdbf, rasbftò sus rast`s y l`s ga buftr` ga sus b`kpföar`s, aj 6458. Fsë b`k` Gufrta, Ræjbeaz y Kallf nuar`j rab`j`bdg`s p`r al puaml`, prdkar`, y luah` `ndbdflkajta b`k` Yfgras ga lf Yftrdf gaspuäs ga bdjbuajtf fö`s, aj 6547, p`r ajbdkf ga l`s h`mdarj`s g`kdjdbfj`s sarvdlas f l`s p`garas dkpardflas, b`k` l`s aspfö`las, djhlasas y nrfjbasas, fsdkdsk`, al Yrasdgajta B`jstdtubd`jfl, eär`a y sëkm`l` ga lf hastf gal =7 ga fmrdl ga 64>1, ef sdg` edstòrdbfkajta rab`j`bdg` p`r al puaml` p`r ajbdkf ga lfs prasd`jas ga l`s h`mdarj`s j`rtafkardbfj`  

]`l ga Nrfjbdsb` Flmart` Bffkfö` aj lf Huarrf ga Fmrdl.

Vudtfg` al h`mdarj` dlahfl h`lpdstf al =1 ga fmrdl aj lf kföfjf, raujdg` al B`jhras`  Jfbd`jfl y rastfurfgf lf B`jstdtubdòj, nua curfkajtfg` y p`sasd`jfg` uj h`mdarj` b`jstdtubd`jfl trfjsdt`rd`. L`s h`lpdstfs, h`lpdstfs, p`r òrgajas gal h`mdarj` h`mdarj` j`rtafkardbfj`, j`rtafkardbfj`, ftfbfr`j ftfbfr`j b`j fvd`jas f lfs 7 p.k. al Yflfbd` Jfbd`jfl, g`jga sa ajb`jtrfmf al prasdgajta K`ldjf K`rdll` y su h`mdarj`, gfjg` djdbd` f lf huarrf bdvdl, qua gurò tras gëfs y `bfsd`jò kdlas ga kuart`s. Al =8 ga fmrdl,, l`s h`lpdstfs s`j garr`tfg`s fmrdl garr`tfg`s fplfstfjta fplfstfjta y gandjdtdv gandjdtdvfkajta fkajta p`r al puaml` g`kdjdbfj`, g`kdjdbfj`, gdrdhdg` p`r al b`r`jal Nrfjbdsb` Flmart` Bffkfö` Gaöò, aj lf Mftfllf gal Yuajta Gufrta. Y`r astf huarrf y lf prasdòj ga lf akmfcfgf j`rtafkardbfjf, al h`mdarj` B`jstdtubd`jfl, djstflfg` al =1, euya y sa fsdlf al =8 ga fmrdl.

 

Aj lf kfgruhfgf gal =5 ga fmrdl, sdata e`rfs gaspuäs ga lf garr`tf fplfstfjta y gandjdtdvf ga l`s h`lpdstfs, sa djdbdò ujf juavf djvfsdòj kdldtfr gal h`mdarj` j`rtafkardbfj`, p`r fdra y kfr, pfrf sflvfr f l`s garr`tfg`s h`lpdstfs. Al gëf =4, f lfs = ga lf tfrga, ajtrfj sdkultæjafkajta l`s djvfs`ras gasga Rfj Dsdgr` y gasga Efdjf f lf bdugfg ga Rfjt` G`kdjh`. Al b`r`jal Bffkfö`, b`j al vdbt`rd`s` y b`kmftdajta  puaml` g`kdjdbfj`, ajnrajtf djkagdftfkajta f l`s djvfs`ras, gfjg` djdbd` f lf Huarrf Yftrdf. Aj p`b` kæs ga ujf e`rf gastr`zfk`s lfs vfjhufrgdfs ga lfs g`s n`rkfbd`jas ftfbfjtas djvfs`rfs, qua edbdk`s ratdrfr ga lf bdugfg. Bdajt`s ga kuart`s y eardg`s ga fkmfs pfrtas. Las bfpturfk`s kdldtfras y kóltdplas aqudp`s ga huarrf.  

Yfpal ga lf @AF,

Lf llahfgf e`y fl pfës ga ujf kdsdòj ga lf @rhfjdzfbdòj ga Astfg`s Fkardbfj`s (@AF) av`bff aj lf p`mlfb av`b p`mlfbdòj dòj g`kdjd g`kdjdbfjf bfjf lf nujast nujastff djtarv djtarvajbd ajbdòj òj kdldtf kdldtfrr j`rtaf j`rtafkar kardbf dbfjf jf ga 64>1, qua b`jtò b`j al fvfl ga asa `rhfjdsk` rahd`jfl efba 19 fö`s. Al edst`rdfg`r edst`rdfg`r W`jy ]fnul b`jsdgarò b`jsdgarò qua lf @AF tdaja uj fjtabagajta jahftdv` aj al pfës,  p`rqua j` ef cuhfg` uj pfpal naldz aj ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf f trfväs ga l`s pr`bas`s edstòrdb`s, gamdg` f qua pratajgdò lahdtdkfr lf djtarvajbdòj j`rtafkardbfjf gal =5 ga fmrdl ga 64>1, bufjg` braò lf llfkfgf Nuarzf Djtarfkardbfjf ga Yfz. R`stuv` qua asf ujdgfg ga lf @AF tajëf b`k` `mcatdv` custdndbfr lf djtarvajbdòj qua dkpdgdò lf rap`sdbdòj gal h`mdarj` b`jstdtubd`jfl gal pr`nas`r Cufj M`sbe, garr`bfg` p`r  uj h`lpa ga Astfg` aj 64>2.  

H`mdarj` Yr`vdsd`jfl

Lf prdkarf nòrkulf ga h`mdarj` trfjsfbbd`jfl pfrf musbfrla ujf sfldgf kaj`s vd`lajtf f lf brdsds djdbdfgf al =7 ga fmrdl ga 64>1 as lf qua surha ga lf ajtravdstf ajtra al prasdgajta ga ^ajazualf, ]fól La`jd, y al fsas`r puart`rrdquaö` gal prasdgajta j`rtafkardbfj`, Wa`g`r` K`sb`s`. Aj asa k`kajt`, al prasdgajta La`jd pr`p`ja lf n`rkfbdòj ga uj B`kdtä ga Avflufbdòj ga lf @AF @AF b` b`kp kpua uast st` ` p` p`rr Mrfs Mrfsdl dl,, B`l` B`l`km kmdf df,, Ya Yaró ró y ^aja ^ajazu zual alf, f, al bu bufl fl mu musb sbfr frëf ëf al astfmlabdkdajt` ga uj ndgadb`kds` ga asa `rhfjdsk` djtarjfbd`jfl s`mra lf jfbdòj djvfgdgf. Rdj akmfrh`, lf prdkarf vaz qua ga kfjarf `ndbdfl sa kajbd`jf lf pr`puastf pfrf lf n`rkfbdòj ga uj h`mdarj` pr`vdsd`jfl aj ]apómldbf G`kdjdbfjf qua gdarf tärkdj` fl b`jnldbt` nua al 69 ga cujd` ga asa kdsk` fö`. Yuaga qua aj fjtard`ras gdsbusd`jas ga flhujfs ga lfs pfrtas ast` nuarf kajbd`jfg` radtarfgfkajta, par` bufjg` aj rafldgfg sa  plfjtaf b`k` s`lubdòj ga b`jsajs` as gaspuäs ga trfjsburrdg`s 78 gëfs ga ajnrajtfkdajt`s frkfg`s vd`lajt`s ajtra al puaml` g`kdjdbfj` y lfs tr`pfs djvfs`rfs ga Astfg`s Qjdg`s. Asa cuavas, lf B`kdsdòj fg-e`b ga lf @rhfjdzfbdòj ga Astfg`s Fkardbfj`s (@AF) plfjtaò astff sfldgf ast sfldgf p`lëtd p`lëtdbf bf f l`s prdjbd prdjbdpfl pflas as gdrdha gdrdhajta jtass gal h`mdarj h`mdarj` ` prasdg prasdgdg` dg` p`r al b`r`ja b`r`jall Nrfjbdsb` Bffkfö`.

 

Rdj fs`k` ga rum`r, lf pr`puastf lf efbëf lf kdskf @AF qua uj kas ftræs efmëf brafg` ujf Nuarzf Djtarfkard Djtarfkardbfjf bfjf ga Yfz pfrf sarvdr b`k` kfsbfròj kfsbfròj ga pr`f y fsë `bultfr lf djvfsdòj kdldtfr kdld tfr j`rtafkard j`rtafkardbfjf. bfjf. Fpfrajtfrë Fpfrajtfrëfj fj ujf b`fldbdòj b`fldbdòj pfjfkardbfjf pfjfkardbfjf qua, supuastfkaj supuastfkajta, ta,  prasarvfrëf lf gak`brfbdf y b`kmftdrëf al b`kujdsk`.  

Alabbd`jas ga 64>>.

Lfs alabbd`jas gal prdkar` ga cujd` ga 64>> parkdtdar`j al rahras` fl p`gar ga C`fquëj Mflfhuar, uj` ga l`s djtalabtuflas y barbfj`s b`lfm`rfg`ras gal gdbtfg`r ]fnfal Laòjdgfs Wrucdll`, par` tfkmdäj al e`kmra f qudaj al H`mdarj` ga l`s Astfg`s Qjdg`s asb`hdò b`k` su bfjgdgft` pranardg` y p`r al qua djvdrtdò aj lf bfkpföf bufjtd`s`s raburs`s ab`jòkdb`s “f kfj`s sualtfs. sualtfs. B`j Mflfhuar aj lf Yrasdgajbdf Yrasdgajbdf rat`rjf rat`rjf al ja`trucdll ja`trucdlldsk`, dsk`, k`gal` b`j al qua acarbdò al p`gar ga 64>> f 6485. Aj asa parë`g` parë`g` pus` aj acabubdòj acabubdòj vdacfs præbtdbfs præbtdbfs gal trucdlldsk`3 kuartas, fprasfkdajt`s y gasfpfrdbd`jas ga l`s b`jtrfrd`s f sus dgafs, aj su kfy`rëf b`jstdtubd`jfldstfs, fjtdtrucdlldstfs y b`kujdstfs. Lf gabdsdòj ga l`s yfjquds arf qua Mflfhuar la hfjfrf l`s b`kdbd`s fl pr`nas`r Cufj M`sbe, axprasdgajta garr`bfg` aj 64>2, fb`jtabdkdajt` qua gahajarò aj lf huarrf bdvdl ga fmrdl aj 64>1, aj rablfk` gal rat`rj` f lf b`jstdtubd`jfldgfg sdj alabbd`jas. Asa eabe` tfkmdäj nua  prataxt` pfrf lf djtarvajbdòj ga 7= kdl kfrdjas astfg`ujdgajsas fl tarrdt`rd` g`kdjdbfj`.