Juan Pablo Reyes López.: Derecho en Su Ámbito Público

 

Guk` ^kjfa Zlyls Fýplz. DLZLMBA. Ksco`kturk7 C`tlr`kmca`kfczkmcý` dlf

Dlrlmba l` su ëhjcta p÷jfcma ]lhlstrl7 [uc`ta. Jfaqul7 ;4 Orupa7 (DL-DLCD^\-:>>:-H;4->>;). \`cdkd :. Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf Ma`stctumca`kf. ]lscý` 4. Dlrlmba dcpfahëtcma y ma`sufkr. Kmtcvcdkd C`tlorkdark. Chpkmta dl fk dcpfahkmck l` lf hu`da. Daml`tl7 Fla`ar Martls Ëvcfk. Dlrlmba dcpfahëtcma y ma`sufkr.

 

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Guk` ^kjfa Zlyls Fýplz..................................................................................................;

C`tradummcý`. .....................................................................................................................=

Kmtcvcdkd ;. Glrkrquèk dl fk dcpfahkmck dlf Lstkda hlxcmk`a...........................................4

aplrkmcý`............................................................................ ........5 5 Kmtcvcdkd :. Fk dcpfahkmck l` aplrkmcý`....................................................................

Kmtcvcdkd c`tlorkdark. Chpkmta dl fk dcpfahkmck l` lf hu`da..........................................?

‖Fk Dcpfahkmck Huftcfktlrkf dl Hãxcma l` lf Oajclr`a dl Hcoulf dl fk Hkdrcd‘ .........?

C`tradummcý`.....................................................................................................................?

Fk Dcpfahkmck Huftcfktlrkf..................................... Huftcfktlrkf................................................................ ........................................................... ................................2 2

±[uã pkskrèk sc `a fas tuvclrk1.....................................................................................;4 Ma`mfuscý` .................. ............................................. ...................................................... ...................................................... ............................................... ....................;5 ;5

Jcjfcaorkeèk. .....................................................................................................................;?

Flocsfkmcý`. ..................................................................................................................;2

 

C`tradummcý`.

L` lst lstk k sls slscý` cý` ffkhkd ffkhkdk k ‖Dl ‖Dlrlm rlmba ba dcp dcpfah fahëtc ëtcma ma y ma` ma`suf sufkr‘ kr‘ Mahl`z Mahl`zkrl krlhas has l`t l`ta`m a`mls ls pramurk`da lxpfcmkr lf parquã dl lstks rlofks dlf Dlrlmba Dcpfahëtcma y Ma`sufkr, fk `lmlscdkd dl fks hcshks qul, l` su hk`celstkmcý` mcl`tèecmk, ma`ecourk` u`k lstrumturk humba hës earhk humba earhkff y kpk kpkrl` rl`tlh tlhl`t l`tl l mkr mkrl`t l`tl l dl ma` ma`tl` tl`cda cda trk trksml sml`dl `dl`tl `tl qul fk dl mukfquclr atrk rkhk dlf dlrlmba9 kf hl`as dlf Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf ^÷jfcma qul rloufk fks rlfkmca`ls c`tlr`kmca`kfls. Tl`lhas qul jkskr`as l` sus arèol`ls l` fas trktkdas dl Ucl`k dl ;35; fas mukfls suroclra` l` lf sl`a dl fks `kmca`ls u`cdks maha u`k hldcdk ma` fk mukf sl jusmkjk rloufkr fks rlfkmca`ls l`trl fas lstkdas sc` lhjkroa sclhprl rlspltk`da fks mastuhjrls c`tlr`kmca`kfls dk`da arcol` k fk mkrtk dl fks `kmca`ls u`cdks scl`da lstk u`k dl fas ardl`khcl`tas c`tlr`kmca`kfls hës chpartk`tls dlf dlrlmba c`tlr`kmca`kf p÷jfcma yk qul rloufk fks rlfkmca`ls, prcvcflocas l c`hu`cdkdls dcpfahëtcmks y ma`sufkrls, lsta `a ls hës qul jusmkr fk vafu`tkd dl fas pkèsls pkrk fks rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks dk`da arcol` k fks hcsca`ls qul sa` fas lstkjflmchcl`tas hës chpartk`tls a tkhjcã` ffkhkdas mý`sufls l` da`dl c`tlrvcl`l` fas das lstkdas u`as maha lf lstkda rlmlptar y lf atra qul ls kqulf qul sl c`tlr`k l` lf tlrrctarca dlf lstl ls dl`ahc`kda lstkda kmrldctk`tl. L`ma`trkrlha L`ma`t rkrlhass mah maha a prc prchlr hlr lflh lflhl`t l`ta a jës jëscma cma fk plrs plrsa`k a`kfcd fcdkd kd gurè gurèdcm dcmk k c`t c`tlr`k lr`kmca mca`kf `kf ls `lmlskrck pkrk lf lstkjflmchcl`ta dl rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks y ma`sufkrls. Fk plrsa`kfcdkd  gurèdcmk  gurèdcm k c`tlr`k c`tlr`kmca`kf mca`kf sl dcstc` dcstc`oul oul par mclrtas mkrkmtlrl mkrkmtlrlss hè`ch hè`chas as maha sa`7 tctufkr tctufkrcdkd cdkd dl dlrlmbas y ajfcokmca`ls sk`mca`kdas y lstkjflmcdas par lf dlrlmba c`tlr`kmca`kf p÷jfcma, lstkr l` mkpkmcdkd dl lglrmlr sus dlrlmbas y marrlspa`dlr par sus ajfcokmca`ls.  K`tl tada fks rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks y ma`sufkrls vk` k lstkjflmlrsl y fflvkrsl k mkja par lf ýrok`a qul, kutarczkda par lf dlrlmba c`tlr`a, muhpfl fk eu`mcý` dl dcrlmmcý` pafètcmk lxtlrcar dlf pkès.

 

Kmtcvcdkd ;. Glrkrquèk dl fk dcpfahkmck dlf Lstkda hlxcmk`a. @cvlf l` fk glrkrquèk dcpfahëtcmk Zlprlsl`tk`tl a rlprlsl`tk`tls

]l rleclrl k fk mkjlzk, fèdlr a sajlrk`a qul lglrml fks eu`mca eu` mca`ls `ls dl rlp rlprls rlsl`t l`tkmc kmcý` ý` dlf Lstkda, vcsta ãstl maha fk hëxchk hëxch k arok`c arok`czkmcý zkmcý` ` pafètc pafètcmk mk qul astl`tk y sl rloufk ma` u`k u`k ls lstr trum umtu turk rk gurè gurèdc dcmmk y pafètcmk prapck, ma` pajfkmcý` y qul aplrk l` u` tlrrctarca dlfchctkda. L` fas rloèhl`ls ha`ërqucmas ha`ërq ucmas ma`st ma`stctumc ctumca`kfl a`kflss lf Zl Zlyy ls qucã qucã` ` astl astl`t `tk k fk rlprls rlp rlsl`t l`tkmc kmcý` ý` dlf Lst Lstkda kda y l` fks Zlp÷jfcmks sulfl slr lf tctufkr dlf ^adlr Lglmutcva.

Lf hc`cs c`cstr tra a dl rlf rlfkm kmca ca`l `lss lxtlrc lxt lrcarl arlss mar marrl rl k mkr mkroa oa dlf tctufkr dlf Hc`cstlrca a ]lmrltkrèk dl Zlfkmca`ls Lxtlrcarls. Fk ]lmrltkrèk Zlfkmca`ls Lxtlrcarls tcl`ldlmaha hcscý` ma`dumcr fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar dl Hãxcma hldck`tl lf dcëfaoa, fk maaplrkmcý`, fk prahamcý` dlf pkès y fk ktl`mcý` k fas hlxcmk hlx cmk`as `as l` lf lxtrk lxtrk`gl `glra, ra, ksè maha maardc`kr fk kmtu kmtukm kmcý cý` ` c`tl c`tlr` r`km kmca ca`k `kff dlf dlf Oajclr`a dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk.

Eu`mca`ls

Lglhpfa

L` Hã Hãxc xcma ma,, fks fks eu eu`m `mca ca`l `lss dl gl glel el dlf dlf Lstkda y dl oajclr`a sl rl÷`l` l` u`k saf safk plrs plrsa` a`k7 k7 lf pr prls lsccdl dl`t `tl l dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk, qul ls lflmta papufkrhl`tl.

^ar lglhpfa, l` Lspkûk, ls lf  glel dl oajclr`a9 l` Ork` Tcl`l su eu`dkhl`ta l` fas krtèmufas 2> Jrltkûk, ls lf prchlr hc`cstra9 y 23 ma`stctumca`kfls qul lstkjflml`, l` l` Hãxcma, lf glel dl Lstkda y lf prchlra, qul ‖sl dlpasctk lf lglrm lglrmcmca cmca  glel dl oajclr`a rlmkl` l` u`k dl dlff ]u ]upr prlh lha a ^a ^adl dlrr Lglm Lglmut utcv cva a dl fk safk plrsa`k7 lf prlscdl`tl dl \`cý \` cý` ` l` u` safa safa c`dc c`dcvc vcdu dua, a, qu qul l sl fk Zlp÷jfcmk. dl`ahc`krë «^rlscdl`tl dl fas Lstkdas \`cdas Hlxcmk`as¹""9 y, l` lf slou`da, pa parr su pk pkrt rtl, l, dl dlecec`l `l fks fks ek ekmu muftftkd kdls ls y Lf ^rlscdl`tl dl Hãxcma ajfcokmca`ls dlf ^rlscdl`tl qul l` su  K`drãs Hk`ulf Fýplz Ajrkdar. ma`gu`ta fl atarok` lf mkrëmtlr dl Glel dl Lstkda, Glel dl Oajclr`a y Glel dl fks Eulrzks Krhkdks .

Dcsl Dcslûk ûkrr y ma`d ma`dum umcr cr fk pa pafèfètctcmk mk l` hktlrck dl rlfkmca`ls lxtlrcarls dlf Lstkda hlxcmk`a, dl kmulrda k fas fc`lkhcl`tas qul dcmtl lf ^rlscdl`tl dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk. Zlprlsl`tkr k fk @kmcý` l` rlu`ca`ls dl kfta `cvlf y susmrcjcr, l` `a `ahj hjrl rl dl Hã Hãxc xcma ma,, tr trkt ktkd kdas as y atras kmulrdas, ksè maha dlec`cr fas prc`mcpcas k sloucr par `ulstra pkès l` fasqul aro arok`c k`csha shas s c`t c`tlr` lr`kmc kmca`k a`kfls fls dl fas earhk pkrtl. Eartkflmlr y prahavlr fk mufturk l chkol` dl `ulstra pkès l` lf lxtrk`glra. ^fk` ^fk`lk lkr, r, ma maar ardc dc`k `kr, r, lg lglm lmut utkr kr y lv lvkf kfuk ukr, r, l` fas tã tãrh rhcc`a `ass dl fk floc flocsf sfkm kmcý cý` ` kp kpfcfcmk mkjf jfl, l, fk pa pafèfètctcmk mk lxtlrcar lxtlr car qul dlskrr dlskrraffk affk fk ]lmrl ]lmrltkrèk tkrèk y lf ]lrvcmca Lxtlrcar Hlxcmk`a, pkrk fa muk mukff pra pramld mldlrë lrë dl ma` ma`ear earhcd hcdkd kd ma` fks hltks, ajgltcvas y dcrlmtrcmls qul dltlrhc`l lf ^rlscdl`tl dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk. Fks prc prc`mc `mcpkf pkfls ls eu` eu`mca mca`ls `ls dlf slr slrvcm vcmca ca

Lf sl slmr mrlt ltkr krca ca dl Zl Zlfk fkmc mca` a`ls ls Lxtl Lx tlrc rcar arls ls,, Hk Hkrm rmlf lfa a Lj Ljrk rkrd rd Mkskuja`. Ljrkrd Mkskuja` dk fas kv kvk` k`ml mlss l` fk fkss kpar kpartk tkmc mca` a`ls ls dlf ^fk` dl Dlskrraffa C`tlorkf, l` lf qul Lstkdas \`cdas sl mahpra mah prahlt hltcý cý k dlstc` dlstc`kr kr : hcf hc hcffffa` lsrk`t dll dý dýfk fkrl rls. s. rcad ]l ]lûk fý qu qul la`ls du durk `tl ls lstl tl pl plrc ada aûkfý fk Marparkmcý` dl C`vlrscý` ^rcvkdk l` lf Lxtlrcar dlf Oajclr`a dl fas Lstkdas \`cdas (A^CM par sus scofks l` c`ofãs) k`u`mcý mkrtks dl c`tl`mcý` c`tl`m cý` qul havcfczkr havcfczkrë` ë` 2>> hcffa`ls dl dýfkrls pkrk praylmtas praylm tas dl c`erklstru c`erklstrumturk mturk y ;:5 hcffa` hcffa`ls ls dl dýf dýfkrl krlss pkrk pkrk plqulûks a hcmralhprlsks, fa qul bkml u` ork` tatkf dl 3:5 hcffa`ls dl dýfkrls.

 

Lf rlsp rlspa` a`sk skjf jfl l dlf dlf slrv slrvcm cmca ca lxtl lxtlrc rcar ar rlm rlmkl kl l` lf ko kol` l`tl tl l`mahl`dkda l`mah l`dkda dl lelm lelmtukr tukr fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar. ]l dlec dlec`l `l maha maha ‖lf ‖lf ýr ýrok ok`a `a l` l`mk mkro rokd kda a dl ma`d ma`dum umcr cr k fk prëmtcmk fks kmmca`ls qul sl lxtlrcar sa`7 mrlk` l` fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar‘ Lglmutkr fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar dlf pkès. (Gkrk, ;33>7 :=). Lstl slrvcmca Ulfkr par fas c`tlrlsls dl fas dlpl`dl safa dlf ^rlscdl`tl mcudkdk`as hlxcmk`as l` lf dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk y dl fk lxtrk`glra. ]lmr ]l mrlt ltkr krèk èk dl Zl Zlfk fkmc mca` a`ls ls ^rahavlr fks rlfkmca`ls dl Hãxcma Lxtlrcarls. ma` atrks `kmca`ls.  Ktl`dlr lf prlstcoca dlf pkès k `cvlf Lf ]lrvcmca Lxtlrcar Hlxcmk`a hu`dckf. (]LH) dlpl`dl dlf Lglmutcva Chpufskr fk mlfljrkmcý` dl Eldlrkf. ]u dcrlmmcý` y ma`vl`cas. kdhc`cstrkmcý` lstë` k mkroa Mucdkr fk slourcdkd `kmca`kf. dl fk ]lmrltkrèk dl Dcvufokr fk mufturk hlxcmk`k l` lf Zlfkmca`ls Lxtlrcarls (]ZL), lxtrk`glra. dl kmulrda ma` fk Fly

Fk rlprls rlprlsl`tkm l`tkmcý` cý` dlf  glel dl Lstkda, dl su oa oajc jclr lr`a `a y l` tã tãrh rhc` c`as as hës khpfcas, dl su pkès. Fk prahamcý` y fk dlel`s dle l`sk k d dl l ffas as c`t c`tlrl lrlsls sls `kmca`kfls y dl fk jul`k chkol` dl Hãxcma. Fk prahamcý` y fk dceuscý` dl `ulstras vkfarls muf muftu turk rkfl flss y pk pktr trch cha` a`cca krtèstcma. Fk prahamcý` dl fks rlfkmca`ls lma`ýhcmks, ma`mrltkhl`tl dlf mahlrm mah lrmca ca y fk c`v c`vlrs lrscý` cý`,,

Aroë`cmk ^÷jfcmk dl EldfklrKdhc`cstrkmcý` kf y k fas fc`l fc`lkh khcl` cl`ta tass dl fk pafè pafètctcmk mk lxtlrcar qul slûkfl lf ^rlscdl`tl dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk.

l`ok`c maardc maardc`kmcý `hplt ma` fass ar arok `csh shas as`kmcý` ma mahp ltl` l`tl tls dl lstks tkrlks, dlf oajclr oaj clr`a `a eldl eldlrkf rkf y dl fas Lstkdas dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk.

 

Kmtcvcdkd :. Fk dcpfahkmck l` aplrkmcý`.

‖Fk Dcpfahkmck huftcfktlrkf dl Hãxcma l` lf Oajclr`a dl Hcoulf dl fk Hkdrcd‘ Maha Mah a u`k u`k earhk earhk dl kmmc kmmcý` ý` dcpfah dcpfahëtc ëtcmk mk k`tl k`tl fk Mrcscs Mrcscs dl Huftcf Huftcfktl ktlrk rkfcs fcsha ha,, sl c`tlorkra` l` orupas. ±Muëfls sa` lstks vl`tkgks1

^lrhctl` k fas pkrtcmcpk`tls ma`ml`trkr l`lroèks l` ajgltcvas fchctkdas.2 L` atrks pkfkjrks, sa` orupas earhkdas kd bam qul sl rl÷`l` pkrk dcsmutcr a prapa`lr  safumca`ls k sctukmca`ls lsplmèecmks. Faork` u` ma`sl`sa ma` hkyar ekmcfcdkd rlsplmta k mclrtas ajgltcvas, yk qul mksc sclhprl lsas orupas lstë` earhkdas par u` `÷hlra rldumcda dl pkèsls ma` c`tlrlsls mahpkrtcdas. Lsta trkl maha rlsuftkda qul fks prapulstks puldk` slr  hës lsplmèecmks lsplmèecmks y, l` kfou`a kfou`ass mksas mksas,, hës aplrktcvk aplrktcvks. s. Lstk kmmcý kmmcý` ` sl ekmcfctk ma` u` u`k k dl fks fks `avl `avldk dkdl dlss qu qul l tr trkg kga a fk dcpf dcpfah ahkm kmck ck l` ea eara rass huft huftcfcfkt ktlr lrkf kfls ls77 fk `loamckmcý` sastl`cdk. "Hës qul fk rlsafumcý` dl mrcscs eamkfls, fk dcpfahkmck huftcfktlrkf tcl`l maha rkzý` dl slr lf ma`traf dlf hldca khjcl`tl pafètcma l` lf mukf sl dk fk `loamckmcý`. . . L` atrks pkfkjrks, lf lglrmcmca plrhk`l`tl dl fk vafu`tkd dl dcëfaoa dljl ol`lrkr su «khjcl`tl vctkf¹ y dkr fuokr kf surochcl`ta dl c`tlrlsls mahu`ls y mahprahcsas lsplmèecmas qul slmrltl` u` mkpk-rkzý` dl slourc slo urcdkd dkd y ma` ma`sl` sl`sa sa hè`ch hè`chas" as".. ^ar atra fkda fkda,, lst lstk k fkjar fkjar tkh tkhjcã jcã` ` sl ekmcfctk ekmcfctk parqul "l` fk lglmumcý` dl sus tkrlks, fas orupas c`earhkfls bkffk` pu`tas dl ma`tkmta ma`tk mta ma` tlrml tlrmlras ras pkèsl pkèsls, s, qul mayu` mayu`turkfh turkfhl`tl l`tl fls khpfè khpfèk` k` fks pascj pascjcfcdkd cfcdkdls ls dl kfck`zks". Fas pkèsls pkrtcmcpk`tls l` lstl tcpa dl orupas l`mul`trk` earas l` fas mukfls pu puld ldl` l` dlel dlel`d `dlr lr sus sus c`tl c`tlrl rlsl slss ma` ma` mclr mclrta ta or orkd kda a dl ku kuta ta`a `ahè hèk. k. Ls Lsta ta ls pkrtcm pkr tcmufk ufkrhl rhl`tl `tl chp chpart artk`t k`tl l saj sajrl rl tad tada a l` u` lsml`k lsml`krca rca c`t c`tlr` lr`kmc kmca`k a`kff mah maha a lf dlsmrcta fè`lks krrcjk, lf mukf plr-hctl huy pamas lspkmcas pkrk fk kmmcý` fcjrl y/a dcscdl`tl. ^ar atrk pkrtl, lf kmtukr ma`mlrtkdkhl`tl puldl fchctkr a ktl`ukr fks pascjfls rlprlskfcks par pkrtl dl `kmca`ls hës padlrasks qul vlk` kelmtkdas sus c`tlrlsls. L` ol`lrkf, ls hës eëmcf pkrk lstks ÷ftchks lf ma`traf a fk rlprlskfck k`tl kmmca`ls dl mkrëmtlr u`cfktlrkf qul k`tl u`k kmmcý` huftcfktlrkf.

 

Kmtcvcdkd c`tlorkdark. Chpkmta dl fk dcpfahkmck l` lf hu`da.

‖Fk Dcpfahkmck Huftcfktlrkf dl Hãxcma l` lf Oajclr`a dl Hcoulf dl fk Hkdrcd‘

C`tradummcý`.

Lhplzkrlhas dlec`cl`da kf Dlrlmba Dcpfahëtcma y Ma`sufkr maha ‖kqulffk pkrtl dlf Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf p÷jfcma qul rloufk lf hada dl slr dl fks rlfkmca`ls aecmckfls y earhkfls l`trl fas sugltas dl lstl ardl`khcl`ta‘. Dlsdl lstk plrsplmtcvk, fks earhks dl fk dcp dcpfah fahkmc kmck k dlp dlpl`d l`dl` l` eu` eu`dkh dkhl`t l`tkfh kfhl`t l`tl l dl fas l`tls l`tls qul tl`ok` tl`ok` plrsa`k plrsa`kfcd fcdkd kd c`tlr`kmca`kf l` lf hahl`ta bcstýrcma dltlrhc`kda l` lf qul sl c`mkrdc`l` sus rlfkmca`ls rlsplmtcvks. Dljl tl`lrsl l` mul`tk, kdlhës, qul u`k pkrtl chpartk`tl, ku`qul `a lxbkustcvk, dl fks earhks dl fk dcpfahkmck bk scda madcecmkdk hlrmld kf trkjkga dl fk Mahcscý` dl Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf (MDC). Dl kbè `as l`eamkrlhas k lf huftcfktlrkfcsha qul bk mrlkda u` hu`da mahpflga dl rldls dl mahu`cmkmcý`, c`tlrlsls, ajgltcvas mahpkrtcdas —y atras rlmbkzkdas— `a sýfa l`trl pkès pkèsls ls,, sc`a sc`a tkhj tkhjcã cã` ` l` l`tr trl l makf makfcm cmca ca`l `lss qu qul l c` c`mf mfuy uyl` l` Ls Lstk tkda das, s, ar arok ok`c `czk zkmc mca` a`ls ls `a oujlr`khl`tkfls, kmkdlhck, lxplrtas, hldcas dl mahu`cmkmcý` y slmtar prcvkda. Fas earas huftcfktlrkfls atarok` y rlstk` floctchcdkd, mrlk` `arhks, eahl`tk` bëjctas y vkfa vkfarl rls. s. @a kmkj kmkjk` k` ma` ma` fks fks rl rlfk fkmc mca` a`ls ls dl pa padl dlrr l` l`tr trl l fa fass Lstk Lstkda das, s, pl plra ra sè fk fkss trk`searhk`. Lf huftcfktlrkfcs huftcfktlrkfcsha ha ls u`k lxprl lxprlscý` scý` dl fk dcpfahkmc dcpfahkmck k y dl fk pafètcmk c`tlr`km c`tlr`kmca`kf, ca`kf, muya ajgltcva ls aerlmlr safumca`ls mahu`ls k prajflhks mahu`ls. Mrlk `arhks, prc`mcpcas y prëmt prë mtcm cmks ks qul, qul, kf slr slr kmlp kmlptk tkda dass par par fk mahu mahu`c `cdk dkd d c` c`tl tlr` r`km kmca ca`kf `kf,, sl ma ma`v `vcl clrt rtl` l` l` rloèhl`ls rloèh l`ls c`tlr`kmc c`tlr`kmca`kfls a`kfls muyk eu`mcý` jëscm jëscmk k ls hadlrkr fk kmtukmcý` u`cfktlr u`cfktlrkf kf dl fas Lstkdas. Lf huftcfktlrkfcsha ls praeu`dkhl`tl dlhamrëtcma, kf slr u` hlmk`csha cdlkf pkrk qul Lstkdas plqulûas, hldck`as y ork`dls sl l`mul`trl` l` lf lsml`krca c`tlr`kmca`kf. Ls, par lxmlfl`mck, lf c`struhl`ta dl fas pkèsls qul, maha Hãxcma, tcl`l` c`tlrãs l` prahavlr u` hu`da dl `arhks, vkfarls, mlrtlzk gurèdcmk y pafètcmk.

 

Fk Dcpfahkmck Huftcfktlrkf.

Lf scstlhk c`tlr`kmca`kf, sc` qul sl fl ma`amclrk ma` lsl `ahjrl, bk tl`cda dlsdl su ma`eco ma` ecourk urkmcý mcý` ` c`cmck c`cmckff u` pra pramls mlsa a pku pkufkt fktc`a c`a vc` vc`muf mufkda kda prchar prchardck dckfhl fhl`tl `tl kf dlskrra dlskrraffa ffa praorlscva dl fk lma`ahèk, dl fk ma`ecourkmcý` dl patl`mcks hcfctkrls y pafètcmks, ls dlmcr  qul pkrkflfa kf krtl dl fk oulrrk fas hlmk`cshas dl fk dcpfahkmck eulra` mrlk`da sus prapck pra pckss dle dlec`c c`cmca mca`ls `ls tlý tlýrcm rcmks ks qul ear eartkf tkflmc lmclra lra`, `, sc` qul qulrlr, rlr, lf kpk kpkrlm rlmchc chcl`t l`ta a dl fk rlprl rlp rlsl sl`t `tkm kmcý cý` ` pafè pafètctcmk mk c`tl c`tlr` r`km kmca ca`k `kf.f. Dlsd Dlsdl l fa fass pr prls lsjc jcls ls,, bl blrë rëfd fdcm cmas as,, Mý Mý`s `suf ufls ls,, Zlprlsl`tk`tl, Glel dl Hcscý` bkstk fk ecourk dlf Lhjkgkdar, fk tãm`cmk dl fk `loamckmcý` c`tlr`kmca`kf sl hk`celstý l` su hëxchk lxprlscý` k trkvãs dl fks Mk`mcfflrèks. Fk chpartk`mck dl fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar ls qul faork ma`dl`skr tadks fks c`tl`mca`ls dl fk olstcý` p÷jfcmk y arcl`tkrfk ma` ec`ls dl fk praylmmcý` dl fas c`tlrlsls dl su prapca Lstkda. Lstkd a. Fk pafètc pafètcmk mk lxtlrcar k`kfczkdk dlsdl fk tlarè tlarèk, k, rlsuftk scl`da fk suhktarck suhktarck dl fas lseulr lse ulrzas zas huf huftcd tcdcsm csmcpf cpfc`k c`krca rcass qul c`v c`vafu afumrk mrk` ` lfl lflhl` hl`tas tas gurèdcm gurèdcmas, as, lma lma`ýh `ýhcma cmas, s, dl maaplrkmcý`, dl fks ec`ks krtls dlf pratamafa y dl fk dcpfahkmck, dl fk `loamckmcý` purk. L` lsl sl`tcda, k fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar sl fl ma`eclrl u` kfta sl`tcda dl rlspa`skjcfcdkd y par  fa tk`ta su lstrumturk sl l`mul`trk ma`earhkdk par u` lqucpa c`tlrdcsmcpfc`krca kftkhl`tl mkpkmctkda qul mul`tk ma` tadas fas rlmursas `lmlskrcas pkrk fflvkr k mkja sus ajgltcvas. Fk pafèt pafètcmk cmk lxtlrcar trksmc trksmcl`dl l`dl fk rlprls rlprlsl`tkm l`tkmcý` cý` y sl ma`stctuy ma`stctuyl l l` u` kfckda vkfca vkfcasèsc sèscha ha dl fas dlhës kmtarls dl su prapca scstlhk pkrk fk ma`slmumcý` dl fas ajgltcvas dl su Lstkda. Lf chpufsa y sapartl qul sl fls sulfl dkr k fks Mk`mcfflrèks maha lglmutarls dl pafètcmk lxtlrcar dljl amupkr u` kfta pulsta l` fk prlsupulstkrca dl fas Lstkdas, kmtukr l` sl`tcda ma`trkrca rlsuftkrèk scl`da kf lqucvkfl`tl k marrlr k pcl l` ma`trk vèk l` u`k kutapcstk dl kftèschk vlfamcdkd, lf scstlhk c`tlr`kmca`kf. Fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar ls rlflvk`tl pkrk tada pkès qul kspcrl k hadlr`czkrsl, k prahavlr sus c`tlrlsls `kmca`kfls y k lglrmlr su sajlrk`èk l` fks hutkjfls ma`dcmca`ls dl fk pas Oulrrk Erèk. L` fk ofajkfczkmcý`, c`trc`mkdk rld dl dlskeèas y apartu`cdkdls, lsk pafètcmk rlsuftk mrumckf pkrk ma`gurkr khl`kzks, kjrcr pulrtks, rlerl`dkr kfck`zks, lstchufkr fk maap maaplr lrkm kmcý cý` ` y pk pkrt rtcm cmcp cpkr kr,, dl ea earh rhk k kmtc kmtcvk vk,, l` lf ma mahp hpfl flga ga pr pram amls lsa a dl rl rlea earh rhk k dl dlff l`trkhkda huftcfktlrkf, dl tkf sulrtl qul sl fl lqucpl ma` fk safcdlz pafètcmk y gurèdcmk qul lxcol lf ardl` hu`dckf dlf parvl`cr.

 

L` lf mksa ma`mrlta dl Hãxcma, rleflxca`kr sajrl fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar ls lglrmcmca `lmlskrca y plrtc`l`tl, plrtc`l`tl, l` lsplmckf vkfark`da fk rlflv rlflvk`mck k`mck y prlstc prlstcoca oca kfmk`zkda kfmk`zkdass par `ulstra pkès l` lf pfk`a ofajkf, ksè maha su prldcmtcjcfcdkd y mahprahcsa lelmtcva ma` fk pkz, fk kol`dk dlf dlskrraffa y lf dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf. Lf ksu`ta `a ls mashãtcma y tkhpama ma`vamk k u`as muk`tas9 fas tlhks dcpfahëtcmas, k`tkûa rlslrvkdas k plqulûas orupas, sa` kbark dl fk hkyar chpartk chpartk`mck `mck y bkml` pkrtl dl u`k kol`dk p÷jfcmk qul vc`mufk fks pafètcmks dahãstcmk y lxtlr`k dl hk`lrk c`lxarkjfl. L` su mkrëmtlr dl pkfk`mk dl kpaya kf dlskrraffa, fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar muhpfl u` pkplf lstrkt lst rktãoc ãocma ma kf kpu kpu`tk `tkfkr fkr lf c`t c`tlrã lrãss `km `kmca` ca`kf kf sup suprlh rlha a dl dlel`d dlel`dlr lr fk saj sajlrk lrk`èk `èk y fk c`dlpl`dl`mck, ksè maha fas dlrlmbas dl fas hlxcmk`as, da`dlquclrk qul sl l`mul`trl`. Hldck`tl c`cmcktcvks qul jusmk` pascmca`kr dl earhk kdlmukdk lf pkès l` lf hu`da y ekvarlmlr su c`tlrfamumcý` ma`strumtcvk ma` fas kmtarls dl fk ofajkfczkmcý`, lstk pafètcmk tkhjcã` ls blrrkhcl`tk chprlsmc`dcjfl pkrk skfvkoukrdkr su slourcdkd y, ksè, okrk`tczkr  fk c`tlorcdkd, lstkjcfcdkd y plrhk`l`mck dlf Lstkda hlxcmk`a y sus c`stctumca`ls. L` fk fcstk dl prcarcdkdls dl fk pafètcmk c`tlr`kmca`kf, amupk u` prchlrèscha fuokr fk ktl`mcý` y dlel`sk dl fk dcëspark hlxcmk`k l` Lstkdas \`cdas, ksè maha atras ksu`tas dlf mukdlr`cffa mukdlr`cffa ma` lsl pkès vlmc`a y samca samca.. Tkhjcã` ls chpar chpartk`tl tk`tl ktl`dlr fk ma`dc ma`dcmcý` mcý` fktc`akhlrcmk`k dl Hãxcma9 sus lstrktlocks pkrk dcvlrscecmkr ma`tkmtas y khpfckr rldls dl fcjr fcjrl l mahl mahlrm rmca ca99 su vamk vamkmc mcý` ý` hu huftftcfcfkt ktlr lrkf kf y su dc dcsp spas ascm cmcý cý` ` k kp kpar artk tkrr su rl rlma ma`a `amc mcdk dk lx lxpl plrc rcl` l`mc mck k dc dcpf pfah ahët ëtcm cmk k k fk `l `loa oamc mckm kmcý cý` ` dl fk ffkh ffkhkd kdk k `u `ulv lvk k ko kol` l`dk dk of ofaj ajkf kf,, slûkfk slû kfkdkh dkhl`t l`tl l l` rl` rl`ofa ofa`ls `ls qul `as prl prlstc stcock ock`, `, maha maha mkh mkhjca jca mfchët mfchëtcma cma,, hco hcorkm rkmcý` cý`,, tlhk tlhkss dl oã oã`l `lra ra,, dl dlrl rlmb mbas as bu buhk hk`a `ass y mahj mahjkt ktl l k fk dl dlfcfc`m `mul ul`m `mck ck c` c`tl tlr`k r`kmc mca` a`kf kf arok`czkdk, sc` ahctcr fas huy sco`cecmktcvas dl fk maaplrkmcý` pkrk lf dlskrraffa y fk pkz. Fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar yk ls pkrtl dl fks c`qucltudls maflmtcvks dl fas hlxcmk`as, sajrl tada dl fks `ulvks ol`lrkmca`ls, qul fk rlma`aml` maha ekmtar crrlhpfkzkjfl pkrk qul lf pkès kmmldk ma` lecmkmck k fk ofajkfczkmcý` y pkrtcmcpl dl sus jl`lecmcas9 u`k ofajkfczkmcý` c`kmkjkdk y dl ë`oufas c`mclrtas, qul dljl kjardkrsl ma` prudl`mck y vcscý` dl fkroa pfkza, parqul k dckrca sarprl`dl ma` lvl`tas c`ãdctas qul aerlml` apartu`cdkdls, plra qul tkhjcã` sclhjrk` dcsmardcks y pfk`tlk` slrcks khl`kzks k fk pkz y slourcdkd dlf arjl.

 

]c` dudk, l` lf slxl`ca dl Dl fk Hkdrcd lf usa dl fas `ulvas c`struhl`tas dl pafètcmk lxtlrcar kdquclrl c`tl`scdkd y vkrcldkd sc` prlmldl`tls, l` tk`ta qul sl eartkflml` fas k`tcouas c`struhl`tas. Lstl blmba tcl`l qul vlr, l` ork` hldcdk, ma` fks hltks dl fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar durk`tl lsl plrcada. Trls ajgltcvas sl dlecl`dl` ma` dlmcscý` l c`efu-yl` l` lf tcpa dl c`struhl`tas utcfczkdas. Lstas sa`7 k) Lvct Lvctkr kr u` l`erl l`erl`tkhc `tkhcl`ta l`ta ma ma` ` fk jk`mk c` c`tlr`km tlr`kmca`kf ca`kf,, fuloa dl fk mmrcscs rcscs dl pkoas pkoas dl fk dludk lxtlr`k l` ;32:, fa qul chpfcmk u`k rl`loamckmcý` ma`stk`tl dl fk dludk y su pkoa apartu`a. j) Lvct Lvctkr kr u` lstkff lstkffcda cda jãfcm jãfcma a l` Ml`tra-kh Ml`tra-khãrcmk ãrcmk qul pul puldk dk rlplrm rlplrmutcr utcr l` fk lstkj lstkjcfcdk cfcdkd d c`tlr`k hldck`tl fk dlel`sk sastl`cdk dl fk fkjar dlf Orupa Ma`tkdark (kf hl`as l` fas prchlras muktra kûas dlf slxl`ca). m) Kp Kpay aykr kr fks fks lxpa lxpart rtkm kmca ca`l `lss hl hlxc xcmk mk`k `ks, s, qul sa sa` ` lf pc pcva vatl tl dlf `ulv `ulva a ha hadl dlfa fa dl dlskrraffa dlskr raffa qul sl quclrl chpfk chpfk`tkr, `tkr, fa qul pravamk `loamckmc `loamckmca`ls a`ls ësplrks l` fas ea eara rass mahl mahlrm rmck ckfl flss hu huftftcfcfkt ktlr lrkf kfls ls y ma`e ma`efcfcmt mtas as ma`s ma`stk tk`t `tls ls ma ma` ` fa fass pk pkès èsls ls dlskrraffkdas, mfcl`tls prc`mcpkfls dl Hãxcma ^ar atrk pkrtl, kma`tlmchcl`tas l` lf lxtlrcar rlplrmutl` l` lf ëhjcta `kmca`kf, y lf oajclr`a hlxcmk`a trktk dl dkr rlspulstk. Lstas kma`tlmchcl`tas sa`7 k) ^rlsc ^rlsca`ls a`ls dl kfou kfou`as `as orupas dl dlff oajclr` oajclr`a a lstkdu`c lstkdu`cdl`sl dl`sl saj sajrl rl lf scstl scstlhk hk pafètc pafètcma ma hlxcmk`a (kf qul rlspa`skjcfczk` dl erkudl lflmtarkf, marrupmcý`, `krmatrëecma) y sajrl fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar (l` rlmbkza k Ma`tkdark). j) Chpa Chpart rtk` k`mc mck k mr mrlm lmcl cl`t `tl l dl Hã Hãxc xcma ma l` fas fas hl hldc dcas as dl dc dceu eusc scý` ý` c` c`tl tlr` r`km kmca ca`k `kfl flss (prc`mcpkfhl`tl lstkdu`cdl`sls), qul sujrkyk` fk mrcscs lma`ýhcmk, fk marrupmcý`, lf erkudl lflmt lflmtarkf, arkf, lf `krma `krmatrëec trëecma, ma, fk pafètc pafètcmk mk l` Ml`tr Ml`trakhãr akhãrcmk cmk y fk mrcsc mrcscss pafèt pafètcmk cmk c`-tlr`k. m) Ku Kuhl hl`t `ta a dl fks fks tl tl`s `sca ca`l `lss l` fk er era` a`tl tlrk rk ma ma` ` Lstk Lstkda dass \`cd \`cdas as fu fulo loa a dl fk kprajkmcý` dl fk Fly ]chpsa`-Zadc`a. d) ^ratl ^ratlmmca` mmca`csha csha l l` ` kuhl kuhl`ta, `ta, ssajrl ajrl ta tada da l` L Lstkdas stkdas \`cdas. \`cdas. Maha rlsuftkda dl lstas kma`tlmchcl`tas y k fk fuz dl fas ajgltcvas dl fk pafètcmk lxtlrcar  durk`tl lf slxl`ca, lf oajclr`a, dl Dl fk Hkdrcd dlskrraffk lstas c`struhl`tas dl pafètcmk lxtlrcar7

 

k) Dcp Dcpfah fahkmc kmck k jcfktl jcfktlrkf rkf trkdc trkdcmca mca`kf `kf,, ma` ã`ek ã`ekscs scs l` pkè pkèsls sls ma` fas qul bky ma` ma`efc efcmta mta,, maha Lstkdas \`cdas y Ouktlhkfk. j) Zl Zlea earz rzkh khcl cl`t `ta a dl fk fkja fkjarr ma`s ma`suf ufkr kr l` Ls Lstk tkda dass \` \`cd cdas as,, ma maha ha rl rlsp spul ulst stk k k fk fkss prlsca`ls sajrl trkjkgkdarls c`damuhl`tkdas hlxcmk`as. m) Dcpf Dcpfah ahkm kmck ck ec`k ec`k`m `mcl clrk rk,, ml`t ml`trk rkdk dk l` pk pkès èsls ls,, ar arok ok`c `csh shas as c` c`tl tlr` r`km kmca ca`k `kfl flss l c`stctumc c`stct umca`l a`lss prc prcvkd vkdks ks qul tcl`l` tcl`l` qul vlr ma` fk rl` rl`loa loamck mckmcý mcý` ` dl fk dlu dludk dk lxtlr`k. d) Dcpf Dcpfahkmc ahkmck k mahlrmc mahlrmckf, kf, qul kjkr kjkrmk mk fks rlfk rlfkmca`l mca`lss jcfktlr jcfktlrkfls kfls y fks huf huftcfkt tcfktlrkfl lrkflss y rl-eflgk fk c`tl`mcý` dlf oajclr`a hlxcmk`a dl eahl`tkr fks lxpartkmca`ls. l) Dcp Dcpfah fahkmc kmck k huf huftcf tcfktl ktlrkf rkf,, ma` ã`ek ã`ekscs scs l` fk mrl mrlkmc kmcý` ý` dl hlm hlmk`c k`csha shass kd bam maha Ma`tkdark, lf Orupa dl fas ]lcs y lf Orupa dl fas Amba. e) ^rap ^rapko kok` k`dk dk l` lf lxtl lxtlrc rcar ar,, dl dlst stc` c`kd kdk k k hl hldc dcas as dl ma mahu hu`c `cmk mkmc mcý` ý` y oa oajc jclr lr`a `ass lxtrk`glras (l` pkrtcmufkr Lstkdas \`cdas) rlfktcvk k tlhks qul susmctk` mrètcmks l` lf lxtlrcar. o) Ma Ma`t `trk rktk tkmc mcý` ý` —p —pkrk krk kp kpay aykr kr lstk lstkss fkja fkjarl rlss dl pr prap apko kok` k`dk dk— — dl mk mkjc jcfd fdlra lrass l` Lstkdas \`cdas pkrk qul c`-efuyk` l` flocsfkdarls y atras hclhjras dlf oajclr`a lstkdu`cdl`sl. b) Lseul Lseulrzas rzas par ajt ajtl`lr l`lr kpay kpaya, a, pkrk fk dcpfa dcpfahkmck hkmck hlx hlxcmk`k cmk`k,, dl fk c`cmcktc c`cmcktcvk vk prcvkd prcvkdk, k, lf padlr flocsfktcva y fas oajclr`as dl kfou`as lstkdas dl fk Zlp÷jfcmk. L` ol`lrkf fk dcpfahkmck scoucý scl`da lf c`struhl`ta prc`mcpkf dl pafètcmk lxtlrcar l` lf slxl`ca dl Dl fk Hkdrcd. Kf tlrhc`kr lf oajclr`a dl Fýplz ^artcffa, Hãxcma hk`tl`èk rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks ma` ;4; pkèsls. ]lcs kûas dlspuãs, kf ec`kfczkr lf plrcada dl Dl fk Hkdrcd, lsl `÷hlra lrk dl ;4?, parqul sl lstkjflmclra` rlfkmca`ls ma` Ouc`lk Jcssku l` ;32=, K`tcouk y Jkrjudk l` ;324, Wchjkjwl l` ;32(= (;;3), =32-4;2.  Krkvl`k, E. Z. (:>>>). Huftcfktlrkfcsha7 plrsplmtcvks fktc`akhlrcmk`ks. EfkmsaMbcfl. Zadrèoulz \ffak, M. (:>>3). Hãxcma k`tl lf huftcfktlrkfcsha dlf scofa RRC. L`trl fas prc`mcpcas dl pafètcmk lxtlrcar y fks Aplrkmca`ls dl Hk`tl`chcl`ta dl fk ^kz. Zlvcstk dl Zlfkmca`ls C`tlr`kmca`kfls dl fk \@KH, (;>). Fk dcpfahkmck huftcfktlrkf dl Hãxcma l` lf oajclr`a dl Hcoulf dl fk Hkdrcd7 Ma`tkdark, Orupa dl fas Amba y Orupa dl fas ]lcs. Eara C`tlr`kmca`kf, =>(= (;;3), 442-45?.  Kjrcsqultk, G. (;333). Dlrlmba Ma`sufkr C`tlr`kmca`kf. Hkdrcd7 Zlus. Jkrjã, L. (:>>?). Zlfkmca`ls C`tlr`kmca`kfls. L` Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf ^÷jfcma. Hkdrcd7 Tlm`as. Jlmlrrk, H. (;33?). Lf tlrrctarca hlxcmk`a. L` ^k`arkhk dlf Dlrlmba Hlxcmk`a. Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf ^÷jfcma. Hãxcma7 \@KH/HmOrkw Bcff. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttps7//jcjfcatlmkvcrtukfmluo.ecfls.wardprlss.mah/:>;?/>5/dlrlmba-c`tlr`kmca`kf.pde  Mkpatartc, E. (;33= (:>>=). ). Dlrlm Dlrlmba ba Dcpf Dcpfahëtcm ahëtcma. a. L` Dlrlm Dlrlmba ba C`tl C`tlr`kmca r`kmca`kf `kf ^÷jfc ^÷jfcma, ma, tlxtas tlxt as eu`dk eu`dkhl`tkf hl`tkfls. ls. ^krtl CCC. Zlfkm Zlfkmca`ls ca`ls Lxtlr Lxtlrcarls. carls. Dlrlmba Dcpf Dcpfahëtcm ahëtcma a y Ma`sufkr. Hãxcma7 Hkrmckf ^a`s. Oa`zëflz, G., ]ë`mblz, F. y ]ël`z, H. (:>>:). Hktlrckfls dl prëmtcmks dl dlrlmba c`tlr`kmca`kf p÷jfcma (=ª ld.). Hkdrcd7 Tlm`as. Cjkrra Cjk rrafk, fk, L. (;3 (;332) 32).. Fk Fly dlf ]lr ]lrvcm vcmca ca Lxt Lxtlrc lrcar ar Hlx Hlxcmk cmk`a. `a. L` Kmt Kmtukf ukfczk czkmcý mcý` ` Gurèdcmk dl ;334. Hãxcma7 Hu`da Gurèdcma. Gkrk, L. (;323). Fks rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks. L` Fk Eu`mcý` Dcpfahëtcmk. ]k`tckoa7 ^@\D/ML^KF. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttp7//rlpasctarca.mlpkf.aro/jctstrlkh/bk`dfl/;;=5:/:3). Lf glel dl Lstkda a dl oajclr`a. L` Fk eu`mcý` dcpfahëtcmk. Hãxcma7 ^@\D/ML^KF. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttp7//rlpasctarca.mlpkf.aro/jctstrlkh/bk`dfl/;;=5:/:3>;). Dlrlmba dcpfahëtcma. L` Dlrlmba c`tlr`kmca`kf ^÷jfcma Ma`tlhparë`la. Hãxcma7 ^arr÷k. Hkrè`, H. y Okrmèk, K. (:>>>). Hãxcma, @ajlf dl fk ^kz. Hãxcma7 ]L^/]ZL.

 

Hafc`k, M. (:>>;). Fks rlfkmca`ls dcpfahëtcmks. L` ^rëmtcmk Ma`sufkr Hlxcmk`k. (:ª ld.). Hãxcma7 ^arr÷k. Harl`a, C. (:>>:). Fk dcpfahkmck7 ksplmtas tlýrcmas y prëmtcmas pr ëmtcmas dl su lglrmcmca praelsca`kf. Hãxcma7 Dcrlmmcý` Ol`lrkf dlf Kmlrva Bcstýrcma Dcpfahëtcma. Hayk`a, K. (;323). Fk dcpfahkmck. L` ^ratlmmcý` ma`sufkr k hlxcmk`as l` Lstkdas \`cdas. Hãxcma7 ]ZL. ^kz, G. (;32>4). Dlrlmba C`tlr`kmca`kf. (:4ª ld.). Hãxcma7 ^arr÷k. \@KH. (;334). Fas ýrok`as dl rlprlsl`tkmcý` dl fas sugltas. Lf dlrlmba dcpfahëtcma y ma`sufkr. Hãxcma7 \@KH. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttps7//krmbcvas.gurcdcmks.u`kh.hx/www/jgv/fcjras/4/;3;;/5.pde  Flocsfkmcý`.

Ma`stctumcý` ^afètcmk dl fas Lstkdas \`cdas Hlxcmk`as. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttp7//www.dcputkdas.oaj.hx/FlylsJcjfca/pde/;Q>3>2;3.pde  Fly dlf ]lrvcmca Lxtlrcar Hlxcmk`a. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttp7//www.dcputkdas.oaj.hx/FlylsJcjfca/pde/35Q;3>4;2.pde  Fly Aroë`cmk dl fk Kdhc`cstrkmcý` ^÷jfcmk Eldlrkf. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttp7//www.dcputkdas.oaj.hx/FlylsJcjfca/pde/;3>2;3.pde  Zlofkhl`ta C`tlrcar fk ]lmrltkrèk dl Zlfkmca`ls Lxtlrcarls. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttps7//srl.oaj.hx/chkols/starcls/hkrma`arhktcvadam/rloc`t;=.pde  Fk Ma`vl`mcý` dl Ucl`k sajrl Zlfkmca`ls Dcpfahëtcmks dl ;35;. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttps7//www.aks.aro/flokf/spk`csb/damuhl`tas/ma`vl`mca`vcl`k.bth Fk Ma`vl`mcý` dl Ucl`k sajrl Zlfkmca`ls Ma`sufkrls dl ;35=. Zlmuplrkda dl7 bttps7//www.aks.aro/flokf/spk`csb/damuhl`tas/Ma`vUcl`kMa`sufkrls.bth