John Ramsey McCulloch

 

N`jm Ygdsay DoOubb`oj , Mgssgu \cbbcgd _amc`r y N`jm _tugrt Dcbb Am lamargb, b`s ao`m`dcstgs qua sclucar`m g Ycogrk` (DoOubb`oj, _amc`r y N. _. Dcbb, am o`morat`) goaptgr`m bg tascs ka b`s sgbgrc`s ka suiscstamocg gumqua rabgvczgr`m ab o`moapt` gb goamtugr bg m`tg s`oc`bÿlcog. N`jm Ygdsay DoOubb`oj cmscsÿ am sus asorct`s am ab ogrçotar vgrcgiba kab sgbgrc` ka suiscstamocg (maoassgry wglas, am sus tãrdcm`s). Ougmk` sa pr`kuoäg umg suickg ka b`s sgbgrc`s ka darogk` p`r amocdg kab ka suiscstamocg, asta þbd` gudamtgig8 abb` sa nusfogig p`rqua kurgmta ab parc`k` ka kcaoc`oj` ` vacmta g÷`s qua trgmsourräg pgrg qua b`s aaot`s ka asa gudamt` sa kangrgm samr am bg uarzg ka trgign` dan`rgigm b`s jçict`s ka b`s trgigngk`ras, qucãmas gkadçs gpramkägm y anaroägm um dgy`r lrgk` ka rastrcoocÿm d`rgb. M` sa pr`kuoäg, p`r tgmt`, umg gudamt` ka bg uarzg ka trgign` ka `rdg qua bbavgrg gb sgbgrc` ka suiscstamocg gb mcvab cmcocgb, scm` g um mcvab dçs abavgk`. U`r `tr` bgk`, ougmk` ab sgbgrc` ka darogk` kasoamkäg p`r kaign` kab mcvab ka suiscstamocg s`bgdamta sa pr`kuocräg umg kcsdcmuocÿm ka bg uarzg ka trgign`, scm qua sa pr`kunarg, am asta ogs`, mcmlþm ogdic` ka b`s jçict`s ka b`s trgigngk`ras.95 Uuaka kaocrsa, p`r tgmt` qua b` qua DoOubb`oj pbgmtag as um amÿdam` ka jcstãrascs am ab sgbgrc` ka suiscstamocg am b`s parä`k`s am b`s qua bg kadgmkg ka trgign` gudamtg y b`s sgbgrc`s o`rrcamtas suiam.

Cmoamv`s sgbgrcgbas y `artg ka trgign`  B`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s m` bbalgr`m mumog g kasgrr`bbgr um gmçbcscs scstadço` ka bgs kaocsc`mas cmkcvckugbas ka `artg ka trgign`. M` `istgmta, sä b`lrgr`m groubgr gblumgs cmtucoc`mas cdp`rtgmtas am asta tarram`. Am asta gpgrtgk` gmgbczgrad`s bgs gp`rtgoc`mas gb raspaot` ka Gkgd _dctj y ka N`jm Ygdsay DoOubb`oj. [`dgrad`s o`d` raaramocg bgs `irgs `rclcmgbas ka gdi`s gut`ras, gsä o`d` bgs cmtarpratgoc`mas ka Dgrsjgbb y ka @»Ircam

Am lamargb, pgraoa sar qua _dctj, m` o`dpgrg bg ckag, pcogdamta darogmbcstg, ka qua bgs suickgs sgbgrcgbas rakuoam b`s cmoamv`s g trgigngr ka b`s trgigngk`ras p`o` ougbcfogk`s. U`r ab o`mtrgrc`, pamsgig qua am ‒b`s `foc`s cmarc`ras— m` axcsg mcmlumg cmobcmgocÿm gb trgign` y sa÷gbÿ qua ‒X...T ab pbgoar kab trgign` astrcig p`r o`dpbat` am su ratrciuocÿm. Wucamas gmtas astãm am o`mkcoc`mas ka kcsrutgr ka asta pbgoar, gmtas sa amtuscgsdgrçm o`m su trgign` y gkqucrcrçm ab jçict` ka bg bgi`rc`sckgk—.9< O`d` anadpb` ka ast` octgig ab ogs` ka b`s gpramkcoas ka `foc`s y g÷gkäg qua ab scstadg ka pgl`s g kastgn` arg ab asdub` dçs kcraot` a cmdakcgt` pgrg um trgign` afocamta. N. Y. DoOubb`oj sclucÿ am bg bämag dgrogkg p`r _dctj. Oraäg, o`d` _dctj, qua b`s cmkcvcku`s s`m içscogdamta gdicoc`s`s y qua abb` bas bbavg g rasp`mkar ka `rdg p`scvg g b`s asdub`s sgbgrcgbas. DoOubb`oj amgzg ab jaoj` ka qua b`s kasa`s ka b`s cmkcvcku`s suabam sar cbcdctgk`s y va am asta jaoj` umg rgzÿm qua bbavg g bg lamta g trgtgr ka abavgr jgstg ab dçxcd` su `artg ka trgign`. DoOubb`oj sa axprasgig ka bg sclucamta dgmarg am sus Urcmocpc`s ka Ao`m`däg U`bäog> ‒Ugrg qua b`s cmkcvcku`s sagm bgi`rc`s`s -pgrg jgoar qua gigmk`mam ab batgrl` qua gk`rdaoa sus goubtgkas am umg o`mkcocÿm kalrgkgkgkaiam tamar lust` p`r bgs o`d`kckgkas, b`s bun`s y b`s pbgoarasX...T _cadpra qua ast`s lust`s astãm lamargbczgk`s, b`s kasa`s ka b`s cmkcvcku`s puakam o`msckargrsa cbcdctgk`s.

 

Bg sgsgoocÿm ka um` o`mkuocrç g bg `rdgocÿm ka `tr`. Am bgs s`ocakgkas gvgmzgkgs b`s pr`kuot`s muav`s y bgs muavgs o`d`kckgkas sa prasamtgm o`mstgmtadamta o`d` d`v`s pgrg ab asuarz` y o`d` pradc`s kab dcsd`.— DoOubb`oj rao`m`oa bg axcstamocg ka umg kadgmkg ka `oc`, par` o`msckarg qua kcojg kadgmkg m` as b` sufocamtadamta lrgmka o`d` pgrg mautrgbczgr ab kasa` ka ramtg qua ama bg dgy`räg ka b`s cmkcvcku`s. As p`r abb` qua bg raspuastg g dgy`ras sgbgrc`s as, am prcmocpc`, um gudamt` am bg ogmkgk ka trgign` `raock`. Uar` DoOubb`oj tgdicãm rao`m`oa, y gquä as k`mka astç su `rclcmgbckgk, qua dçs gbbç ka um ocart` o cart` pumt`, p`starc`ras gudamt`s am ab sgbgrc` amam um cdpgot` malgv` am bg ogmkgk ka trgign` qua sa `raoa. DoOubb`oj gpumtg gsä bg p`scicbckgk ka umg igohwgrk-iamkcml suppby ourva DoOubb`oj m` sa o`m`rdÿ s`bgdamta o`m asta gmçbcscs ka bgs kaocsc`mas cmkcvckugbas ka `artg ka trgign`. [gdicãm o`msckarÿ ab o`dp`rtgdcamt` glralgk` ka b`s glamtas. _clucamk` g @»Ircam p`krägd`s kaocr qua am b`s asorct`s ka DoOubb`oj as p`sciba ckamfogr jgstg ougtr` p`s kcaramtas ka ourvgs ka `artg ka trgign`.?5 Bg prcdarg ka abbgs as umg ourvg ka `artg ka trgign` g bgrl` pbgz`. DoOubb`oj oraa, o`d` _dctj, qua bg `artg ka asuarz` scadpra gudamtg g bgrl` pbgz` o`m ab mcvab ka sgbgrc`s. Kaia gobgrgrsa qua ougmk` @»Ircam jgibg ka gudamt`s am bg `artg ka asuarz` pgraoa raarcrsa cmkcsmtgdamta tgmt` g dan`rgs am bg ogbckgk ` cmtamsckgk kab trgign` `raock` o`d` g gudamt`s am bg ogmkgk ka adp` ka trgign` qua sa `raoa. Kaia `isarvgrsa, scm adigrl`, qua pgrg qua ast` puakg s`stamarsa kaiaräg p`stubgrsa umg rabgocÿm fng amtra bgs umckgkas ka asuarz` y bgs umckgkas ka adp` ka trgign`8 ka astg `rdg sa trgms`rdgrägm bgs umckgkas ka asuarz` am umckgkas ka adp` y ast` m`s pardcräg jgibgr cmkcsmtgdamta ka umg rabgocÿm amtra sgbgrc` y `artg ka adp` ` icam amtra sgbgrc` y `artg ka asuarz`. Bg salumkg ka bgs ourvgs ka `artg sa rafara g um o`mtaxt` ka o`rt` pbgz` a cdpbcog umg rabgocÿm cmvarsg amtra b`s sgbgrc`s y bg ogmkgk y-` bg ogbckgk (cmtamsckgk) kab trgign`. DoOubb`oj o`msckarg qua ab asuarz` sa rakuoa ougmk` b`s sgbgrc`s suiam, s`ira t`k` kaspuãs ka um parä`k` kurgmta ab ougb b`s trgigngk`ras jgm astgk` buojgmk` kurgdamta p`r bg suparvcvamocg. _c, am bulgr ka suicr, b`s sgbgrc`s ogyasam gþm dçs, sa cmoradamtgräg bg `artg ka trgign` pgrg dgmtamar b`s cmlras`s Bg taroarg ka bgs ourvgs ka `artg ka trgign`, qua ama tgdicãm pamkcamta malgvg am um o`mtaxt` ka o`rt` pbgz`, ama su `rclam am bgs vgrcgoc`mas qua axparcdamtg bg tgsg ka pgrocpgocÿm. Bg kcsdcmuocÿm ka b`s sgbgrc`s jgoa qua g o`rt` pbgz` bgs dunaras y b`s mc÷`s gudamtam su pgrocpgocÿm am ab darogk` ka trgign` o`m ab fm ka dgmtamar b`s cmlras`s ka bg gdcbcg y ast` jgoa qua gudamta bg `artg ka trgign`. U`r þbd`, DoOubb`oj gkdcÿ bg axcstamocg ka umg ourvg ka `artg saoubgr ka trgign` o`m pamkcamta p`scvg. _alþm sa axpbcoÿ am ab ogpätub` gmtarc`r, bg rgzÿm ka sar ka astg pamkcamta p`scvg astrcig am qua bg lamta sa vg go`studirgmk` g mcvabas ka o`msud` ogkg vaz dçs gbt`s y as` jgoa qua ab sgbgrc` ka suiscstamocg gudamta g bgrl` pbgz`.

F`mk` ka sgbgrc`s y darogk` ka trgign`

Bg cmtalrgocÿm ka t`kgs astgs ckags s`ira ab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s, qua içscogdamta jgoam raaramocg g bg kadgmkg ka trgign`, o`m b` yg axpuast` ka bg `artg bgi`rgb kg bulgr g bg bbgdgkg k`otrcmg kab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s. Astg k`otrcmg, qua puaka o`msckargrsa umg ta`räg duy abadamtgb kab darogk` ka trgign`, gbogmzÿ su pbam` kasgrr`bb` o`m ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s p`starc`ras g Ycogrk`, o`d` DoOubb`oj, _amc`r y, s`ira t`k`, N`jm _tugrt Dcbb. Gumqua puakam amo`mtrgsa paqua÷gs kcaramocgs am ab d`k` ka `rdubgrbg p`r ogkg um` ka ast`s gut`ras, um

 

iuam rasudam ka bgs ogrgotaräsogs asamocgbas ka bg dcsdg sa puaka amo`mtrgr am b`s sclucamtas pçrrg`s qua N. _. Dcbb asorcicÿ am sus Urcmocpc`s> ‒Gsä, puas, b`s sgbgrc`s kapamkam prcmocpgbdamta ka bg kadgmkg y ka bg `artg ka trgign`8 `, o`d` sa axprasg o`m raouamocg, ka bg pr`p`rocÿm amtra ab ogpctgb y bg p`ibgocÿm8 amtamkcamk` p`r p`ibgocÿm ab mþdar` ka pars`mgs qua cmtalrgm bg obgsa trgigngk`rg, ` dçs icam ka bgs qua trgigngm p`r um sgbgrc`8 y p`r ogpctgb, sÿb` ab ogpctgb ocroubgmta, a cmobus` mc gum bg t`tgbckgk ka ãsta, scm` sÿb` gquabbg pgrta qua sa adpbag am bg o`dprg kcraotg ka trgign`. X...T b`s sgbgrc`s m` sÿb` kapamkam ka bg pr`p`rocÿm rabgvg amtra ab ogpctgb y bg p`ibgocÿm, qua m` puakam ign`kaocr, bg ralbg ka bg o`dpatamocg, sar gaotgk`s p`r mcmlumg `trg o`sg.scm` B`s sgbgrc`s (quarad`s o`d` as mgturgb, ab sgbgrc` dakc`) m` puakam suicr sc m` as p`r um gudamt` ka b`s `mk`s t`tgbas adpbagk`s am kgr `oupgocÿm g b`s trgigngk`ras ` p`r umg kcsdcmuocÿm kab mþdar` ka ãst`s qua o`dpctam pgrg bg `itamocÿm ka um sgbgrc`8 mc igngr, g m` sar, icam p`r umg kcsdcmuocÿm ka b`s `mk`s kasmgk`s g pglgr ab trgign` ` p`r um gudamt` kab mþdar` ka trgigngk`ras qua sa jg ka pglgr.— As kaocr, bg kadgmkg ka trgign` ka ogkg d`damt` numtgdamta o`m bg `artg, qua sa sup`ma fng g o`rt` pbgz`, katardcmgm ab sgbgrc` ka aqucbcirc`. Gsä puas, sa puaka kaocr qua ab sgbgrc` ka ogkg parä`k` sa `iama kcvckcamk` ab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s amtra bg uarzg ka trgign`.

KA_ADUBA@ A_[YQO[QYGB Am b`s k`s ogpätub`s praoakamtas sa jg jaoj` raaramocg gb tadg kab kasadpba` am tãrdcm`s duy lamargbas. Kaska bual`, b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s m` bbalgr`m g ckamfogr kcsmtgs ogtal`rägs ka kasadpba`. Am lamargb, puaka kaocrsa qua sus asogsgs raaramocgs gb tadg sa oamtrgr`m am ab kasadpba` ka ogrçotar cmv`bumtgrc`.:3 S puaka kaocrsa tgdicãm qua, am kab o`mtaxt` ka bg kcsouscÿm s`ira ab lamargb lbut y bg bay ka _gy, bg dgy`r pgrta ka abb`s kcar`m p`r samtgk` qua ab daogmcsd` ka bg o`dpatamocg igstgig pgrg gsalurgr ab pbam` adpba`. M` gkdcgm p`r b` tgmt` qua uarg p`sciba umg sctugocÿm ka kasadpba` g bgrl` pbgz` y ka ogrçotar cmv`bumtgrc`8 b` qua j`y sa suaba bbgdgr kasadpba` astruoturgb. Asta arg am asamocg ab pumt` ka vcstg ka _dctj, Ycogrk`, DoOubb`oj, N`jm _tugrt Dcbb y ab rast` ka b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s `rt`k`x`s. Am umg bämag duy kcsmtg sa amouamtrgm b`s suio`msudcstgs, cmobuyamk` g Dgbtjus y, s`ira t`k`, Hgrb Dgrx. Ugrg asta þbd` ka d`k` duy aspaocgb puaka kaocrsa qua ab kasadpba` o`mstuya um rgsl` pardgmamta ` astruoturgb kab scstadg ogpctgbcstg. Asta ogpätub` sa cmcocg o`m ab gmçbcscs ka b` qua am bg ãp`og obçscog sa o`m`ocÿ o`d` bg ouasÿm ka bg dgqucmgrcg. Ab pr`ibadg o`mscsg am sgiar sc bg sustuocÿm ka trgigngk`ras p`r dçqucmgs ka raocamta cmvamocÿm p`käg lamargr kasadpba`. Bg p`scicbckgk ka qua bgs dçqucmgs lamargrgm kasadpba` am ab o`rt` pbgz` arg umcvarsgbdamta rao`m`ockg. B` qua yg m` astgig tgm obgr` arg bg axcstamocg ka gblþm daogmcsd` ka o`rraoocÿm am ab bgrl` pbgz`. Gblum`s gut`ras (DoOubb`oj, Ycogrk`, N`jm _tugrt Dcbb) kaamkägm bg axcstamocg ka kcoj` daogmcsd`8 par` `tr`s, p`r anadpb`, Dgbtjus, pamsgigm qua m` axcsg mcmlþm daogmcsd` ka gnusta. Am asta ogpätub` sa jgoa umg axp`scocÿm katgbbgkg ka b`s pumt`s ka vcstg ka t`k`s ast`s gut`ras. Fcmgbdamta, ab ogpätub` sa ocarrg o`m umg axp`scocÿm ka bgs ckags ka Dgrx s`ira ab umoc`mgdcamt` kab darogk` ka trgign` am lamargb y s`ira bg ouasÿm kab kasadpba` am pgroubgr.

 

Bg ouasÿm ka bg dgqucmgrcg y ab kasadpba` taom`bÿlco` > Wuczçs ab prcdar` am pbgmtagrsa qua bg sustuocÿm ka trgigngk`ras p`r dçqucmgs p`käg lamargr kasadpba` ua N`jm Igrt`m. Am um bcir` puibcogk` am 7:7< tubgk` @isarvg`ms `m tja Ocroudstgmoas wjcoj Cmuamoa tja O`mkc`m ` tja Bgi`urcml Obgsas ` _`ocaty, Igrt`m s`stamäg qua bg gpbcogocÿm ka bgs muavgs tãomcogs cdpbcogig scadpra bg o`mvarscÿm ka pgrta kab ogpctgb ocroubgmta o croubgmta (`mk` ka sgbgrc`s) am ogpctgb fn`. Gkadçs grlòäg qua ‒bg kadgmkg ka trgign` kapamka kab gudamt` kab ogpctgb ocroubgmta, y m` kab ogpctgb fn`— 35, b` qua ba bbavgig g o`msckargr qua ab kasadpba` y bg rakuoocÿm ka sgbgrc`s argm rasubtgk`s var`sädcbas ka bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka dgqucmgrcg. Ast`s grludamt`s pr`pcocgr`m bg ragoocÿm ka DoOubb`oj y Ycogrk`, amtra `tr`s. DoOubb`oj orcoÿ gicartgdamta bg tascs ka Igrt`m y, gumqua gkdcÿ qua bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka dgqucmgrcg p`käg oragr kasadpba` am `oupgoc`mas duy aspaoäfogs, sa gprasurÿ g sa÷gbgr qua asta kasadpba` taom`bÿlco` tamkräg um ogrçotar purgdamta trgmsct`rc`. Ycogrk`, p`r su pgrta, sa jcz` ao` ka bg ouasÿm ka bg dgqucmgrcg am bg taroarg akcocÿm ka sus Urcmocpc`s. Gquä cmtr`kun` um oogpätub` gpätub` qua sa cmcocgig o`m um anadpb` mudãrco` am ab qua sa gkdcgm b`s grludamt`s ka Igrt`m. M` `istgmta, gb clugb qua DoOubb`oj, Ycogrk` gpumtÿ um daogmcsd` qua, salþm ãb, o`mkuocräg g bg ragis`rocÿm ka b`s trgigngk`ras kaspbgzgk`s p`r bgs dçqucmgs. Gmtas ka axp`mar b`s daogmcsd`s ka ragis`rocÿm qua gpumtgr`m gdi`s gut`ras, o`mvcama rao`rkgr qua kaska bg parspaovg ka bg ta`räg astrcotg kab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s, umg rakuoocÿm ka kcoj` `mk` m` puaka jgoar qua ogclg ab adpba` ka `rdg pardgmamta. B` þmco` qua puaka jgoar as qua ogclgm b`s sgbgrc`s. Mgturgbdamta ast` prasup`ma qua b`s sgbgrc`s s`m pbamgdamta axcibas. Ka gouark` o`m bg ta`räg kab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s, ab kasadpba` pardgmamta sÿb` puaka kgrsa sc p`r gblumg rgzÿm b`s sgbgrc`s s`m rälck`s g bg igng. U`r `trg pgrta, bg axcstamocg ka rastrcooc`mas taom`bÿlcogs p`kräg jgoar p`sciba umg sctugocÿm ka kasadpba` taom`bÿlco` o`m ogrçotar pardgmamta, gþm sup`mcamk` pbamg axcicbckgk ka b`s sgbgrc`s. Astg sctugocÿm p`kräg kgrsa, p`r anadpb`, sc o`msckargd`s umg ao`m`däg `rdgkg p`r um mþdar` katardcmgk` ka cmkustrcgs, qua adpbagm trgign` y ogpctgb, y am bg qua bg taom`b`läg kcsp`mciba `raoa p`ogs p`scicbckgkas ka sustuocÿm amtra b`s k`s got`ras kamtr` ka ogkg umg ka abbgs. _c, gkadçs ka ast`, sup`mad`s qua mcmlumg ka asgs cmkustrcgs `raoa duojgs p`scicbckgkas pgrg um us` cmtamscv` kab trgign`, as o`moaiciba umg sctugocÿm am bg qua bg kadgmkg ka trgign` sag cmarc`r g bg `artg pgrg ougbqucar sgbgrc`. Astgs rastrcooc`mas taom`bÿlcogs jgrägm qua ab trgign` uasa rakumkgmta y bg axcicbckgk ka b`s sgbgrc`s m` igstgräg p`r sä s`bg pgrg abcdcmgr ab kasadpba` am ab bgrl` pbgz`. _c ckamfogd`s kasadpba` taom`bÿlco` o`m trgign` rakumkgmta am ab samk` kab pçrrg` gmtarc`r, tamad`s qua kaocr qua b`s obçsco`s m` uar`m o`msocamtas ka astg p`scicbckgk. G pasgr ka t`k`, sä sa jcocar`m ao` ka b`s pr`ibadgs rabgoc`mgk`s o`m bg sustuocÿm ka trgigngk`ras p`r dçqucmgs y gblum`s ka abb`s bbalgr`m g pr`p`mar daogmcsd`s ka gnusta igstgmta var`sädcbas. B`s grludamt`s ka N`jm Ygdsay DoOubb`oj DoOubb`oj ua qucam pbgmtaÿ p`r prcdarg vaz o`m obgrckgk bg ouasÿm ka bg ragis`rocÿm ka b`s trgigngk`ras kaspbgzgk`s p`r bgs dçqucmgs.37 DoOubb`oj pamsgig qua am katardcmgk`s saot`ras y `oupgoc`mas duy aspaoäfogs bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka cmm`vgoc`mas taom`bÿlcogs p`käg lamargr kasadpba`. Ãb gfrdgig, t`dgmk` o`d` anadpb` bg cmkustrcg taxb gbl`k`marg, qua ‒X...T bgs dan`rgs am bg dgqucmgrcg (y bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka muavg dgqucmgrcg), puaka parnukcogr ka dgmarg cmdakcgtg g b`s trgigngk`ras X...T Ab ogs` ka b`s jcbgk`ras dgmugbas as, kasg`rtumgkgdamta, kasg`rtumgkgdamta, um anadpb`.— 39 Uar`, pgrg DoOubb`oj, ab kasadpba` qua p`käg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka muavgAbdgqucmgrcg katardcmgkgs `oupgoc`mas tamäg um lamargr ogrçotarbg purgdamta trgmsct`rc`. grludamt`am ka

 

DoOubb`oj arg qua bgs cmm`vgoc`mas taom`bÿlcogs trgarägm o`d` o`msaouamocg um gudamt` ka bg pr`kuoocÿm t`tgb qua gogigräg ragis`ricamk` bg dgm` ka `irg qua pukcarg jgiar sck` kaspbgzgkg p`r kcojgs cmm`vgoc`mas. Am rabgocÿm gb ogs` ka bg cmkustrcg taxb, DoOubb`oj sa axprasgig am b`s sclucamtas tãrdcm`s> ‒Am ab anadpb` o`msckargk`, b`s dakc`s ka qucamas o`dprgm bgs darogmoägs pr`kuockgs p`r bgs dçqucmgs ka jcbgr m` sa vam gaotgk`s p`r ab ogdic`8 y kgk` qua puakam gudamtgr sus gj`rr`s o`d` o`msaouamocg o `msaouamocg kab dam`r praoc` ka astgs darogmoägs, p`krçm kasmgrb`s g bg o`dprg ka `trgs am ouyg pr`kuoocÿm fmgbdamta sarçm adpbagk`s b`s jcbgk`ras dcsd` gpgraoarçm muav`s o`msudck`ras gtrgäk`s p`r bgs darogmoägs dçsdgmugbas8 igrgtgs8 ygbt`k` abb`adp` gircrç um muav` ogdp` pgrg ab adpba` ka dgm` ka `irg gkcoc`mgb am bg o`mstruoocÿm ka dgqucmgrcg, y am b`s saot`ras sui`rkcmgk`s rabgoc`mgk`s o`m bg cmkustrcg dgmugoturarg.— 3? As kaocr, ka gouark` o`m DoOubb`oj, bg cmm`vgocÿm taom`bÿlcog rakuoa b`s o`stas ka pr`kuoocÿm y b`s praoc`s ka bgs darogmoägs. Ast` bbavg g um gudamt` ka bg kadgmkg ka icamas qua anaroa um aaot` axpgmscv` s`ira bg pr`kuoocÿm y qua gogig ragis`ricamk` ab kasadpba` qua juicasa p`kck` lamargr bg gpbcogocÿm ka kcojg cmm`vgocÿm. DoOubb`oj s`sama qua sc b`s praoc`s ka bgs darogmoägs kasocamkam am bg dcsdg pr`p`rocÿm qua b`s o`stas, b`s o`msudck`ras sa iamafocgm kcraotgdamta gb amo`mtrgrsa o`m gj`rr`s cmaspargk`s qua sa vgm g kasmgr g o`dprgr dçs icamas. U`r `trg pgrta, sc b`s praoc`s ka b`s icamas ogam am dam`r pr`p`rocÿm qua b`s o`stas, b`s adprasgrc`s sa vgm g amo`mtrgr o`m iamafoc`s axtrg`rkcmgrc`s y vgm g kasmgr ast`s iamafoc`s g gdpbcgr sus mal`oc`s ` g cmcocgr `tr`s muav`s, o`m b` ougb sa kadgmkgrç dçs trgign`, dçs dgtarcgs prcdgs, ato. DoOubb`oj trgtgig puas ka kad`strgr qua umg cmm`vgocÿm taom`bÿlcog gj`rrgk`rg ka trgign` p`mäg am dgrojg um pr`oas` ka oraocdcamt` qua gogigräg gis`ricamk` ab axoas` cmcocgb ka dgm` ka `irg. Ãb m` oraäg o raäg qua bgs rakuooc`mas sgbgrcgbas o`mstuyargm um daogmcsd` ka gnusta cdp`rtgmta pgrg rastgurgr ab pbam` adpba`, gb dam`s am ab o`rt` pbgz`. Ugrg DoOubb`oj bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka dgqucmgrcg muavg ‒X...T am ogs`s aspaoäfo`s, puaka rakuocr b`s iamafoc`s ka b`s ogpctgbcstgs y kastrucr umg pgrta ka su ogpctgb8 par` mumog kcsdcmucrç b`s sgbgrc`s dakc`s kab trgign`, dcamtrgs sä qua rakuocrç ab praoc` ka b`s icamas y dan`rgrç bg o`mkcocÿm ka bg obgsa trgigngk`rg.— Am ragbckgk, b`s grludamt`s ka DoOubb`oj m` pardctam o`mobucr qua g bg bgrlg vgyg jgiar pbam` adpba`. Ab oraocdcamt` ao`mÿdco` m` igstg pgrg gsalurgr ab pbam` adpba` g dam`s qua cmtr`kuzogd`s gblum`s abadamt`s gkcoc`mgbas s`ira ab o`dp`rtgdcamt` kcmçdco` kab scstadg. _c m` jgy axcicbckgk ka sgbgrc`s (` sc ast`s m` puakam ogar p`r kaign` ka um ocart` mcvab dämcd`) as p`sciba qua m` axcstg um aqucbcirc` lamargb scdubtçma` ka t`k`s b`s darogk`s, cmobuyamk` ab ka trgign`. As kaocr, m` astç lgrgmzgk` ab pbam` adpba`.

BG_ BASA_ KA B@_ U@IYA_>

Ab tãrdcm` bayas ka p`iras (p``r bgws) jgoa raaramocg g t`kg umg sarca ka m`rdgs y prçoogs qua, o`mnumtgdamta, `rdgigm um scstadg ka gyukg balgb g b`s p`iras cmlbasas fmgmocgk` o`m cdpuast`s. Astgs m`rdgs astgibaoägm b`s o`baov`s g b`s qua sa kcrclägm bgs gyukgs, ab p` ka suisckc`s y su fmgmocgocÿm, y tgdicãm bg `rdg ka las`mgr t`k` ab scstadg. Gumqua g b` bgrl` kab parä`k` kurgmta ab qua astuvcar`m vclamtas bgs bayas ka p`iras sa pr`kunar`m gblum`s ogdic`s am sus ogrgotaräsogs asamocgbas, puaka kaocrsa qua sus prcmocpc`s cmspcrgk`ras astuvcar`m prasamtas am bg balcsbgocÿm cmlbasg jgstg prçoogdamta bg salumkg dctgk kab sclb` ZZ.

 

Am salumk` bulgr, sa axp`mam b`s grludamt`s qua raspaot` g asta tadg prasamtgr`m _dctj, Dgbtjus y Ycogrk`. U`starc`rdamta sa prasamtgm bgs o`msckargoc`mas ka Mgssgu \cbbcgd _amc`r, qua ua ab ao`m`dcstg obçsco` qua dçs katgbbgkgdamta gmgbczÿ b`s aaot`s kasgv`rgibas ka bgs bayas ka p`iras. Ab ogpätub` sclua o`m bg axp`scocÿm ka bgs `pcmc`mas ka N. Y. DoOubb`oj ab ougb kaamkcÿ kaockckgdamta um scstadg balgb ka gyukg g b`s trgigngk`ras scm dakc`s am b`s parä`k`s ka dgy`r gkvarsckgk ao`mÿdcog. _a tardcmg ab ogpätub` o`m umg raaxcÿm fmgb qua p`ma ka dgmcfast` oÿd` bg dgy`räg ka b`s grludamt`s axpuast`s p`r b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s s`ira bgs bayasp`r kakasadpba`, p`iras ragpgraoam am b`s kaigtas gotugbaska s`ira bg ra`rdg ka bgs prastgoc`mas ka bgs pamsc`mas y, am lamargb, ougbqucar asquadg rakcstrciuv`.

Bgs `pcmc`mas ka N`jm Ygdsay DoOubb`oj. M` t`k`s b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s sa `puscar`m o`m r`tumkckgk g bgs bayas ka p`iras. Am astg ogtal`räg kaia cmobucrsa g N. Y. DoOubb`oj. Am ragbckgk DoOubb`oj m` kcsoug b`s grludamt`s taÿrco`s o`mtrg kcojgs bayas. Ãb s`bgdamta dgmtuv` qua kcoj`s grludamt`s p`kägm m` sar rabavgmtas am katardcmgkgs ocroumstgmocgs. DoOubb`oj kaamkcÿ ab astgibaocdcamt` ka um scstadg ka gyukg balgb g b`s p`iras ogpgoctgk`s kurgmta b`s parä`k`s ka raoascÿm ao`mÿdcog. S bg rgzÿm qua kgig arg qua, am gusamocg ka astgs gyukgs, am b`s d`damt`s ka gkvarsckgk ao`mÿdcog ‒bg pgz s`ocgb m` p`kräg prasarvgrsa. B`s qua amam pr`pcakgkas sa varägm `ibclgk`s g kaamkarbgs g pumtg ka aspgkg o`mtrg dcrägkgs ka p`iras `ibclgk`s p`r bg maoasckgk y bg kasaspargmzg. Ign` astgs ocroumstgmocgs as go`msangiba `ivcgr b`s cmo`mvamcamtas cmjaramtas gb prcmocpc` ka gyukg balgbX...T—. U`r `trg pgrta, DoOubb`oj sa d`strÿ duy oräo` o`m um` ka b`s gspaot`s qua d`kcfoÿ bg Bay ka Amdcamkg ka 7:?;. Gtgoÿ kaockckgdamta bg oamtrgbczgocÿm ka bg lasÿm ka bg gyukg qua sa pratamkäg o`m bg ra`rdg. Ãb cmkcoÿ qua m` jgiäg mgkg qua nusfogsa um scstadg ka gyukg umc`rda pgrg t`k` ab pgäs puas saräg ‒ab o`bd` o `bd` ka bg b`ourg pratamkar trgtgr kab dcsd` d`k` g um trgigngk`r kasadpbagk` ka umg lrgm ocukgk cmkustrcgb qua g um` astgibaock` am um kcstrct` glräo`bg.— 7?5 Ur`pulmÿ bg vuabtg gb scstadg trgkcoc`mgb am ab qua bg gkdcmcstrgocÿm ka bg gyukg o`rräg g ogrl` ka b`s rasckamtas am ogkg pgrr`qucg p`rqua ãst`s argm qucamas dan`r p`kägm o`m`oar bgs pgroubgrckgkas ka ogkg z`mg y b`s dçs cmtarasgk`s am b`lrgr umg lasÿm afocamta kab scstadg. Ugrg DoOubb`oj lrgm pgrta ka bg s`buocÿm gb pr`ibadg kab gudamt` ka bg damkcockgk y ka b`s o`stas kab scstadg ka gyukg balgb g o`dcamz`s kab sclb` ZCZ pgsgig p`r bg vuabtg g b`s prcmocpc`s qua cmspcrgr`m ab scstadg astgibaock` am bg Bay ka Csgiab. Ãb ooraäg raäg qua bgs ralbgdamtgoc`mas p`starc`ras g ãstg bay (umkgdamtgbdamta bg Bay ka Lcbiart y b`s Gouark`s ka _paamjgdbgmk) argm bgs ogusgs prcmocpgbas ka b`s gius`s y kab oraocdcamt` ka bg damkcockgk qua sa vamäg `isarvgmk`. Yaaxcÿm fmgb Ab kaigta ka b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s am t`rm` g bgs bayas ka p`iras raouarkg duoj` g b`s kaigtas raocamtas s`ira bg pr`ibadçog ka b`s scstadgs ka salurckgk s`ocgb, bg ra`rdg ka bgs prastgoc`mas y ab suisckc` ka pgr`. Bg ta`räg ao`mÿdcog gotugb susoctg k`s p`s ka ouas`mas (rabgoc`mgkgs) am t`rm` g ast`s tadgs. Ab prcdar` ka abb`s sa rafara g b`s aaot`s qua b`s scstadgs ka pr`taoocÿm p`r kasadpba` y b`s scstadgs ka pamsc`mas amam s`ira b`s cmoamv`s gb trgign`, bg tgsg ka goudubgocÿm y ab oraocdcamt` ao`mÿdco`. Ab salumk` p` ka ouas`mas, astraojgdamta rabgoc`mgk` o`m ab prcdar`, sa rafara g b`s pr`ibadgs rabgoc`mgk`s o`m bg fmgmocgocÿm ka ast`s scstadgs. Am ab ogs` ka bgs dakckgs ka pr`taoocÿm p`r kasadpba` puaka

 

sa÷gbgrsa qua um scstadg ka pr`taoocÿm axoascvgdamta lamar`s` puaka tamar k`s o`msaouamocgs malgvgs am ab darogk` ka trgign`.7?7 Bg prcdarg as qua puaka sup`mar um kascmoamv` g bg iþsquakg ka adpba` yg qua ab o`sta ka `p`rtumckgk ka bg iþsquakg sa rakuoa. Bg o`msaouamocg ka ast` as qua gudamtgrç ab mþdar` ka iusogk`ras, as kaocr, ab mþdar` ka pgrgk`s v`bumtgrc`s. Bg salumkg o`msaouamocg sa rafara g bg p`scicbckgk ka qua ab karaoj` g parocicr umg prastgocÿm p`r kasadpba` (` suisckc` ka kasadpba`) kã bulgr g umg kcsdcmuocÿm kab asuarz`, b` ougb rakuocräg bg pr`kuovckgk kab trgign`. G b` kcoj` gmtarc`rdamta jgiräg qua glralgr b`s p`scibas aaot`s gkvars`s ka b`s suisckc`s ka kasadpba` s`ira bg d`vcbckgk bgi`rgb, pgroubgrdamta m`tgiba am gblum`s ogs`s, o`d` p`kräg sar ab ka b`s suisckc`s ka kasadpba` glräo`bg am Aspg÷g (ab scstadg UAY). [`k` ast` astç am bämag o`m ab gmçbcscs qua jgoam b`s obçsco`s ka b`s aaot`s ka bgs bayas ka p`iras. B`s aaot`s ka b`s suisckc`s ka kasadpba` s`ira ab oraocdcamt` ao`mÿdco` m` pgraoa qua jgygm sck` `inat` ka gmçbcscs scstadço`. M` `istgmta, sä sa jgm gmgbczgk` b`s aaot`s s`ira ab oraocdcamt` ka b`s scstadgs ka pamsc`mas pþibcogs y sa jgm kastgogk` b`s aaot`s ka b`s scstadgs ka rapgrt` (igsgk`s am bg s`bckgrckgk cmtarlamargoc`mgb). Gb clugb qua grludamtgigm b`s obçsco`s am ab ogs` ka bgs bayas ka p`iras, sa suaba kaocr j`y qua asta p` ka scstadgs rakuoam b`s cmoamv`s g bg goudubgocÿm kab ogpctgb y p`r tgmt` kcsdcmuyam bg ogpgockgk ka oraocdcamt` ka bg ao`m`däg. Ab salumk` p` ka ouas`mas g bgs qua sa jcz` raaramocg gmtarc`rdamta ama qua var o`m b`s kasaqucbcirc`s fmgmocar`s qua lamargm b`s scstadgs ka pr`taoocÿm s`ocgb qua sa amam qua fmgmocgr o`m cdpuast`s. Ab aqucbcirc` fmgmocar` ka ast`s scstadgs axcla qua b`s cmlras`s qua sa `iamam (o`zgoc`mas ka qucamas trgigngm) sagm aqucvgbamtas g b`s lgst`s qua sa ragbczgm (pamsc`mas y prastgoc`mas p`r kasadpba`). Uar` ast` m` ama p`r quã pr`kuocrsa. S bgs rgz`mas ka abb` m` sÿb` amam qua var o`m b`s ogdic`s am ab ocob` ao`mÿdco` ` o`m got`ras kad`lrçfo`s y s`oc`bÿlco`s (amvanaocdcamt` ka bg p`ibgocÿm, ogäkgs am bgs tgsgs ka mgtgbckgk, ogdic`s am bg o`dp`scocÿm ka bg gdcbcg, ato.). Bgs rgz`mas puakam tgdicãm tamar qua var o`m ab pr`pc` umoc`mgdcamt` ka ast`s scstadgs ka pr`taoocÿm s`ocgb. _c bgs prastgoc`mas p`r kasadpba`, b`s suisckc`s, bgs nuicbgoc`mas gmocpgkgs, ato., gkadçs ka gis`riar raours`s, rakuoam b`s cmoamv`s gb trgign`, ab mcvab adpba` y bg govckgk ao`mÿdcog kcsdcmucrçm. Ka astg dgmarg b`s cmlras`s qua sa `iamam sa rakuocrçm dcamtrgs qua b`s lgst`s sarçm ogkg o gkg vaz dgy`ras. Bg bctargturg ao`mÿdcog s`ira ast`s tadgs as am bg gotugbckgk duy giumkgmta. Uar` g pasgr kab dgy`r lrgk` ka abgi`rgocÿm gmgbäog y ka bgs tãomcogs ka cmvaslgocÿm dçs gvgmzgkgs, b`s pr`ibadgs asamocgbas kaska ab pumt` ka vcstg ao`mÿdco` s`m b`s dcsd`s qua b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s gpumtgr`m ougmk` gmgbczgr`m bg pr`ibadçog ka bgs bayas ka p`iras.

B@_ _CMKCOG[@_ B`s cmvaslgk`ras o`cmockam am sa÷gbgr qua bg ocroumstgmocg ao`mÿdcog umkgdamtgb qua jui` ka pr`kuocrsa pgrg qua pukcargm `rdgrsa b`s prcdar`s scmkcogt`s ua qua umg lrgm dgy`räg ka trgigngk`ras kangrgm ka sar pr`kuot`ras cmkapamkcamtas (as kaocr, qua o`mtr`bgrgm abb`s dcsd`s b`s pr`oas`s pr`kuov`s y uargm b`s kua÷`s ka b`s rut`s ka su trgign`) y sa o`mvcrargm am trgigngk`ras gsgbgrcgk`s. Gumqua gmtas kab cmcoc` ka bg Yav`buocÿm Cmkustrcgb astg ocroumstgmocg m` sa varcfoÿ ka `rdg o`mobuyamta b`s jcst`rcgk`ras jgm rgstragk` b`s gmtaoakamtas ka b`s scmkcogt`s d`karm`s am ab o`dpbcogk` scstadg ka lradc`s ogrgotaräso` ka bg cmkustrcg ka Cmlbgtarrg y kab rast` ka Aur`pg gmtas ka asgs aojgs. Jgstg ab cmcoc` ka bg Yav`buocÿm Cmkustrcgb bg pr`kuoocÿm cmkustrcgb astgig am dgm`s ka paqua÷`s dgastr`s grtasgm`s ogkg um` ka b`s ougbas adpbagig g vgrc`s `focgbas y gpramkcoas. Qm o`dpbcogk` scstadg ka ralubgoc`mas astgibaoäg ka dgmarg igstgmta astrcotg ab gpramkczgna y ab anarococ` ka

 

bgs kcvarsgs pr`asc`mas a cdp`mäg uartas rastrcooc`mas g bg d`vcbckgk ka b`s trgigngk`ras. Kgkgs bgs ogrgotaräsogs ka asta scstadg, arg ka aspargr qua b`s `focgbas sa astgibaocargm p`r ouamtg pr`pcg am p`o`s g÷`s. Am ab ogs` o`morat` ka Cmlbgtarrg puaka kaocrsa qua b`s prcdar`s scmkcogt`s surlcar`m o`d` gs`ocgoc`mas ka `focgbas am ocartgs cmkustrcgs g prcmocpc`s kab sclb` ZVCCC. Gblum`s ka ast`s trgigngk`ras ougbcfogk`s qua m` p`kägm astgibaoarsa p`r ouamtg pr`pcg am su pr`ascÿm o`m ab trgmsours` kab adp` (o`d` arg ka aspargr) sa gs`ocgr`m pgrg s`bcoctgr ka bg gsgdibag lradcgb gudamt`s sgbgrcgbas.717 O`m bg cmtr`kuoocÿm ka bgs muavgs dçqucmgs, ab adpba` ka muavgs uamtas ka amarläg y bg lamargbczgocÿm kab scstadg ka çircogs qua trgn` o`mscl` bg Yav`buocÿm Cmkustrcgb, sa gbtarÿ pr`umkgdamta bg astruoturg ka bg kadgmkg ka trgign`. Ogkg vaz arg dam`r bg maoasckgk ka trgigngk`ras ougbcfogk`s y ogkg vaz arg dçs maoasgrc` kcsp`mar ka umg giumkgmta uarzg ka trgign` p`o` ougbcfogkg par` o`m lrgm l rgm ogpgockgk ka d`vcdcamt`. Am bgs þbdgs kãogkgs kab sclb` ZVCCC ab scstadg ka gpramkczgna igsgk` am b`s lradc`s adpazÿ g parkar cdp`rtgmocg pr`lrascvgdamta. B`s trgigngk`ras ougbcfogk`s (`focgbas y dgastr`s) ka umg dcsdg pr`ascÿm qua sa cigm quakgmk` scm trgign` am ocartgs o cartgs cmkustrcgs adpazgr`m g gs`ocgrsa pgrg bg kaamsg ka sus cmtarasas8 gumqua, gb prcmocpc` s`ira t`k`, astgs gs`ocgoc`mas puscar`m dçs o`mfgmzg am bg goocÿm kab Astgk` ‟am b`s daogmcsd`s balgbas- qua am su pr`pcg gotugocÿm o`d` lrup`s. Am b`s þbd`s g÷`s kab sclb` ZVCCC sa pr`kun` am Cmlbgtarrg umg uarta kaprascÿm ao`mÿdcog y umg lrgm `bagkg ka racvcmkcogoc`mas p`r pgrta ka um mþdar` ogkg vaz dgy`r ka gs`ocgoc`mas ka trgigngk`ras ka t`k` p` ka `foc`s. [`k` asta pr`oas` kasadi`oÿ am bg gpr`igocÿm pgrbgdamtgrcg ka bg Bay s`ira bgs Gs`ocgoc`mas ka [rgigngk`ras (O`dicmg`m Got) am 7 b`s scmkcogt`s, am bg dakckg am o`mscluam abavgr b`s sgbgrc`s ka b`s trgigngk`ras, jgoam qua ãst`s sa asuaroam dçs y sagm dçs kcsocpbcmgk`s8 y o`d` bg pr`kuovckgk kab trgign` gudamtg, asg dgy`r pr`kuovckgk puaka o`dpamsgr b`s p`scibas aaot`s malgv`s s`ira ab adpba` am ab o`rt` pbgz`. Uar` DoOubb`oj m` oraäg qua bg goocÿm g oocÿm scmkcogb pgrg abavgr b`s sgbgrc`s uasa scadpra iamafoc`sg am tãrdcm`s lamargbas. O`m cmkapamkamocg ka bgs o`msckargoc`mas kab pçrrg` gmtarc`r, DoOubb`oj s`stamäg qua sc b`s sgbgrc`s ka um saot`r argm o`dpav`s ( b` qua ãb kam`dcmgig ‒sgbgrc` mgturgb y pr`pc` ka bg rgdg ka bg cmkustrcg am bg qua rcla.— 71 ‒X...T Ougmk` sa pardcta qua b`s trgigngk`ras sa gs`ocam bciradamta, puaka pr`kuocrsa um gudamt` cmdakcgt` ka b`s sgbgrc`s8 par` ougmk` sa cdpcka su gs`ocgocÿm, kaia trgmsourrcr um parä`k` ka adp` dçs ` dam`s bgrl` pgrg qua bbalua g o`m`oarsa qua b`s iamafoc`s kab saot`r s`m abavgk`s o`d` o`msaouamocg ka um`s sgbgrc`s ign`s y, o`msaouamtadamta, sa cmvcartg muav` ogpctgb saot`r pr`oakamta `tr`s mal`oc`s. Ugraoa amt`moas qua ougbqucar cmtamt`am kaasa avctgr bg gs`ocgocÿm am ka tgbas ogs`s m` as dçs quaobgr` um cmtamt` ka cdpakcr qua b`s trgigngk`ras jglgm us` kab þmco` dakc` qua amam pgrg qua b`s sgbgrc`s sa abavam rçpckgdamta jgstg gbogmzgr su nust` mcvab.— 71: Fcmgbdamta jgiräg qua kastgogr qua DoOubb`oj, pbamgdamta o`msaouamta o`m ab d`kab` rcogrkcgm` ka oraocdcamt`, s`stuv` qua g duy bgrl` pbgz` bg goocÿm goo cÿm ka b`s scmkcogt`s m` p`kräg avctgr qua b`s sgbgrc`s kasoamkcargm gb mcvab ka suiscstamocg. Ab grludamt` qua jgy katrçs ka asta pumt` ka vcstg arg içscogdamta um grludamt` kad`lrçfo` (dgbtjuscgm`) y astç obgr` qua bg goocÿm scmkcogb m` puaka gbtargr bg kcmçdcog dgbtjuscgmg qua gb fmgb scadpra gogig cdp`mcãmk`sa.

 

Bg ta`räg ao`mÿdcog gotugb ka b`s scmkcogt`s

Kaska bg parspaovg ka bg ta`räg ao`mÿdcog gotugb ab pgpab ka b`s scmkcogt`s puaka gmgbczgrsa ign` ign ` k`s am`qu am`quaa kcsmt kcsmt`s. `s. Gdi`s Gdi`s am`q am`quas uas o`msck o`msckarg argm m gb scmkco scmkcogt` gt` o`d` o`d` um glamta glamta ao`mÿdco` o`m um o`dp`rtgdcamt` kafmck`> sa sup`ma qua ab scmkcogt` trgtg ka dgxcdczgr umg umocÿm ka ubckgk qua sa jgoa kapamkar lamargbdamta kab sgbgrc` y kab mcvab ka adpba`. Ab prcdar am`qua o`msckarg qua ab scmkcogt` sa o`dp`rtg o`d` um d`m`p`bcstg qua o`mtr`bg bg `artg ka t`k`s b`s trgigngk`ras gfbcgk`s.76? Kgkg bg bcdctgocÿm qua bg kadgmkg ka trgign` (kaoraocamta) ka bgs adprasgs cdp`ma gb scmkcogt`, bg ckag içscog qua sa trgtg ka trgmsdcr as qua ab scmkcogt`, sc ama bg sufocamta ogpgockgk pgrg o`mtr`bgr g sus gfbcgk`s, puaka cdp`mar ab sgbgrc` ` ab mcvab ka adpba`, par` m` gdigs vgrcgibas scdubtçmagdamta. _c bg astrgtalcg kab scmkcogt` as abavgr ab sgbgrc` ab rasubtgk` sarç umg kcsdcmuocÿm am ab mcvab ka adpba`. _c b` qua pratamka as dgmtamar um katardcmgk` mcvab ka adpba` pgrg sus gfbcgk`s, m` p`krç cdp`mar ab sgbgrc`. O`m umg kadgmkg ka trgign` duy gt`dczgkg, b` dçs pr`igiba as qua bg mal`ocgocÿm amtra ab scmkcogt` y bgs adprasgs sa oamtra am ab sgbgrc` y m` am ab mcvab ka adpba`. Bg rgzÿm ka abb` as qua sa raquarcräg um gbt` lrgk` ka o``rkcmgocÿm amtra bgs kaocsc`mas ka o`mtrgtgocÿm ka bgs adprasgs gaotgkgs8 y ast` m` pgraoa p`sciba.

Ab salumk salumk` ` am`qu am`quaa b` cmtalr cmtalrgm gm b`s kam`dc kam`dcmgk mgk`s `s d`kab` d`kab`ss ka gouark gouark`s `s afocam afocamta tas. s. Ast`s Ast`s d`kab`s pgrtam ka umg sctugocÿm am bg qua um scmkcogt` y umg adprasg pratamkam mal`ocgr scdubtçmagdamta ab sgbgrc` y mcvab ka adpba`. Am umg sctugocÿm o`d` astg, puaka qua axcstg umg gdpbcg lgdg ka gouark`s afocamtas qua p`krägd`s bbgdgr o`mnumt` ka mal`ocgocÿm afocamta ` ourvg ka o`mtrgt`> o`dicmgoc`mas ka sgbgrc` y mcvab ka adpba` qua dan`rgm bg sctugocÿm ka gdigs pgrtas o`m raspaot` ka bg sctugocÿm pravcg g bg mal`ocgocÿm.76; B` dçs cdp`rtgmta ka t`k` as qua ast`s d`kab`s gkdctam bg p`scicbckgk ka qua b`s gudamt`s kab sgbgrc` vgygm go`dpg÷gk`s ka gudamt`s am ab mcvab ka adpba`.

[`k` ast` p`kräg axprasgrsa kcocamk` qua bg kadgmkg ka trgign` kang ka axcsr am su samk` jgictugb. Gj`rg sgbgrc`s y adpba` sa mal`ocgm scdubtçmagdamta. Gkadçs as p`sciba qua ab scmkcogt` kcsp`mlg ka b`s dakc`s maoasgrc`s pgrg b`lrgr cdp`mar gudamt`s sgbgrcgbas qua m` raparoutgm am ab mcvab ka adpba`. Dgs gþm> ab scmkcogt` p`kräg jgoar, sc tuvcasa bg sufocamta ogpgockgk ka prascÿm, qua b`s sgbgrc`s y ab adpba` gudamtgrçm gb dcsd` adp`. B` qua sa prasup`ma am asta p` ka d`kab`s as qua bgs adprasgs amam p`kar ka darogk` y qua asta p`kar kg bulgr g iamafoc`saxtrg`rkcmgrc`s. Am ab ogs` ka adprasgs ka p` d`m`p`bäso` u `bcl`p`bäso` ogia bg p`scicbckgk ka qua b`s adprasgrc`s sa vagm `rzgk`s g ramumocgr g umg pgrta ka sus lgmgmocgs axtrg`rkcmgrcgs (rasubtgk` ka su p`scocÿm d`m`p`bäsog) y gogiam gkgp gkgptç tçmk mk`s `saa g um`s um`s iama iamafo foc` c`ss dçs dçs raku rakuoc ock` k`s. s. Asta Asta as qucz quczçs çs ab p` p` ka s` s`bu buoc ocÿm ÿm qua qua gpumtgigm \cbbcgd [j`rmt`m, DoOubb`oj, [`rrams y, pr`vcsc`mgbdamta y ka dgmarg igstgmta cmkaocsg, N`jm _tugrt Dcbb. _c o`dpgrgd`s b`s grludamt`s ka b`s obçsco`s s`ira b`s scmkcogt`s o`m b`s gotugbas m`s s`rpramka bg scdcbctuk amtra um`s y `tr`s. Am prcdar bulgr, astç ab grludamt` ka qua bg goocÿm scmkcogb, gb abavgr b`s o`stas kab trgign` p`r amocdg ka su mcvab o`dpav`, rakuoa ab adpba` y lamarg kasadpba`. Ast` sa pamsgig gmtas y sa pcamsg gj`rg. _`bgdamta pgraoa p`sciba um

 

gudamt` scdubtçma` ka b`s sgbgrc`s y ab mcvab ka adpba` am sctugoc`mas am bgs qua bgs adprasgs amam um ocart` p`kar ka darogk`.

Am salumk` bulgr, astçm b`s aaot`s igstgmta cmkatardcmgk`s ka bg goocÿm scmkcogb s`ira ab oraocdcamt` y s`ira bg afocamocg kab scstadg ao`mÿdco` g bgrl` pbgz`. Uar` bg ckag obçscog ka qua t`k` gudamt` grfocgb am b`s sgbgrc`s sa trgkuoa am umg tgsg ka iamafoc`s dçs igng y am dam`ras cmoamv`s pgrg cmvarr sa suaba dgmtamar tgdicãm j`y käg. Am taroar bulgr, kaia sa÷gbgrsa qua ab grludamt` ka DoOubb`oj am t`rm` g bg pr`kuovckgk ka b`s sgbgrc`s gbt`s y ka umgs iuamgs o`mkcoc`mas bgi`rgbas sa dgmang j`y am käg gumqua uarg kab mþoba` ka bg ta`räg ao`mÿdcog o`mvamoc`mgb. As ab ogs`, p`r anadpb`, ka b`s d`kab`s ka b`s sgbgrc`s ka afocamocg.

Fcmgbdamta, o`mvcama tgdicãm sa÷gbgr `tr` grludamt` gotugb am kaamsg ka b`s scmkcogt`s. _a rafara g bg o`moapocÿm kab scmkcogt` o`d` umg `rlgmczgocÿm qua puaka sarvcr pgrg rakuocr b`s o`stas ka trgmsgoocÿm y bgs rcooc`mas kamtr` kab scstadg pr`kuov`. B`s scmkcogt`s m` sÿb` jgoam juablgs. [gdicãm scrvam o`d` oguoa ka axprascÿm ka b`s trgigngk`ras y pgrg ras`bvar o`m rgpckaz, g trgvãs ka pr`oakcdcamt`s astgmkgrczgk`s, b`s o`mcot`s o`kcgm`s. Uuakam kcsdcmucr tgdicãm b`s o`stas ka cm`rdgocÿm, tgmt` pgrg b`s trgigngk`ras o`d` pgrg b`s adprasgrc`s (y rakuocr ka asta d`k` b`s o`stas ka o`mtrgtgocÿm y `rdgocÿm). [`k` ast` sclmcfog qua bg goocÿm scmkcogb puaka b`lrgr um gudamt`, s`ira t`k` g bgrl` pbgz`, ka bg pr`kuovckgk dgrlcmgb ka bg dgm` ka `irg, y qua asta gudamt` sa trgkuzog am um gudamt` ka bg kadgmkg ka trgign`. Asta grludamt` amocarrg pr`igibadamta umg lrgm varkgk adpärcog. Uar` asta aaot` p`scv` as duy kcocb ka dakcr adpärcogdamta8 gumqua m` p`r abb` kaia pamsgrsa qua tamlg p`og cdp`rtgmocg. Kcvcscÿm kab trgign`, goudubgocÿm ka ogpctgb y axtamscÿm kab darogk` Am bg Cmtr`kuoocÿm y Ubgm ka bg @irg ka Bg Ycquazg ka bgs Mgoc`mas, _dctj asorcia qua ‒X...T bg mgocÿm astgrç dan`r ` pa`r surkg salþm bg pr`p`rocÿm axcstamta amtra asta pr`kuot` (bg pr`k pr`kuo uooc ocÿm ÿm mgoc` mgoc`mg mgb) b),, ` b` qua qua o` o`m m ãb sa o` o`dp dprg rg,, y ab mþda mþdar` r` ka o` o`ms msud udck ck`r `ras as—. —. G o`mmugocÿm _dctj glralg qua ‒Astg pr`p`rocÿm sa ralubg am t`kg mgocÿm g trgvãs ka k`s ocroumstgmocgs kcaramtas> prcdar` salþm bg jgicbckgk, kastrazg y nucoc` o`m qua lamargbdamta sa ragbczg su trgign` (ab trgign` ka bg mgocÿm), y, am salumk` bulgr, salþm bg pr`p`rocÿm amtra ab mþdar` ka gquabb`s qua astçm adpbagk`s am um trgign` þb y ab ka b`s qua m` b` astçm.— As kaocr, _dctj o`msckarg bg pr`kuoocÿm par oçpctg o`d` orctarc` pgrg dakcr ab pr`lras` ka bg `pubamocg7 bcd`smgs y gscb`s pgrg b`s p`iras cmogpgoctgk`s (gmocgm`s y amard`s), gpramkczgna ka `foc`s pgrg b`s mc÷`s, trgign` pgrg b`s p`iras ogpgoctgk`s, y ogsl` ` prcscÿm pgrg b`s qua p`kägm y m` quarägm trgigngr. B`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s sa d`strgr`m, am lamargb, oräo`s o`m asta scstadg ka gyukg balgb. Dgbtjus ua ab prcdar` qua pbgmtaÿ um gtgqua r`mtgb g bgs bayas ka p`iras ka su adp`.

 

Am bg prcdarg prcdarg akcocÿm ka su Amsgy` s`ira bg U`ibgocÿm Dgbtjus kasgrr`bbÿ kasgrr`bbÿ t`k`s grludamt`s grludamt`s qua ba bbavgr`m g pr`p`mar bg kar`lgocÿm o`dpbatg ka kcojgs bayas, gumqua ka dgmarg lrgkugb. Am prcdar bulgr, Dgbtjus kaoäg qua b`s suisckc`s suisckc`s g b`s p`iras o`mbbavgigm o`mbbavgigm um gudamt` gudamt` ka bg kadgmkg ouyg þmcog o`msaouamocg arg bg suickg ka b`s praoc`s. Am salumk` bulgr, b`s suisckc`s g b`s p`iras, salþm Dgbtjus, m` sarvcrägm pgrg sgogrbas ka bg dcsarcg. _`bgdamta sarvcrägm pgrg cmoamvgr ab oraocdcamt` ka bg p`ibgocÿm. Am taroar bulgr, Dgbtjus kaoäg qua b`s suisckc`s g b`s p`iras, gb rakuocr b`s cmoamv`s gb trgign`, asdubgigm bg cmk`bamocg. Ast` mgturgbdamta sclmcfogig umg dam`r pr`kuovckgk kab trgign`. ougrt` bulgr, Dgbtjus ka dgmcfast` qua ab scstadg ka gyukg balgb gis`riäg pgrta kaAmbgs ramtgs ka bg arrg ypus` ka b`s iamafoc`s adprasgrcgbas (yg qua sa fmgmocgig o`m cdpuast`s), b` qua o`mkuoäg g umg rakuoocÿm ka bg govckgk pr`kuovg. [`k`s ast`s grludamt`s uar`m goaptgk`s, am tãrdcm`s lamargbas, p`r gut`ras o`d` Ycogrk` y _amc`r. Ycogrk` pus` ãmgscs am ab grludamt` ka bg kcsdcmuocÿm ka bg pr`kuovckgk kab trgign`, y am lamargb, am bg ckag ka qua bgs bayas ka p`iras o`mstuägm umg cmnaramocg parnukcocgb am ab prcmocpc` ka bg bcira o`mourramocg kab darogk`. _amc`r jcz` jcmogpcã am b`s aaot`s ka bgs bayas ka gsamtgdcamt` s`ira bg d`vcbckgk kab trgign` a cmscsÿ am sa÷gbgr qua bgs bayas ka p`iras rakuoägm tgmt` bg `artg o`d` bg pr`kuovckgk kab trgign`. _cm adigrl`, g pasgr ka aslrcdcr grludamt`s am o`mtrg kab dgmtamcdcamt` ka bgs bayas ka p`iras, _amc`r vc` tgmt`s `istçoub`s g su kar`lgocÿm qua `ptÿ p`r rao`damkgr um o`mnumt` ka dakckgs pgrg ra`rdgr b`s aaot`s dçs kasgv`rgibas. Ab þmco` ao`m`dcstg amtra b`s obçsco`s qua m` dgmtuv` umg `p`scocÿm r`tumkg g bgs bayas ka p`iras ua N`jm Y. DoOubb`oj. Asta gut`r s`stuv` qua arg duy cdp`rtgmta dgmtamar um sc scst stad adgg ka gy gyuk ukgg g b` b`ss tr trgi gign gngk gk`r `ras as scm scm dakc dakc`s `s ka suis suiscs csta tamo mocg cg am b` b`ss d`da d`damt mt`s `s ka gkvarsckgk ao`mÿdcog. Gblumgs ka bgs `pcmc`mas qua puscar`m ka dgmcfast` ast`s ao`m`dcstgs am t`rm` g bgs bayas ka p`iras cmlbasgs raouarkgm duoj` g bgs qua gj`rg sa axprasgm am b`s kaigtas raocamtas s`ira bg ra`rdg ka bgs prastgoc`mas p`r kasadpba`, bgs pamsc`mas y, am lamargb, ougbqucar asquadg rakcstrciuv`. J`y sa jgibg kab kascmoamv` g bg iþsquakg ka adpba` qua puaka sup`mar um scstadg ka suisckc`s ka kasadpba` axoascvgdamta lamar`s` y ka b`s gspaot`s gkvars`s ka asta p` ka scstadgs s`ira bg d`vcbckgk bgi`rgb. [gdicãm sa jgibg j`y ka b`s aaot`s s`ira ab oraocdcamt` ao`mÿdco` ka b`s scstadgs ka pamsc`mas pþibcogs y sa p`mam ka dgmcfast` b`s pr`ibadgs rabgoc`mgk`s o`m b`s kasaqucbcirc`s fmgmocar`s lamargk`s p`r b`s scstadgs ka pr`taoocÿm s`ocgb. Kaska bual`, ab lrgk` ka abgi`rgocÿm gmgbäog o`m ab qua j`y am käg sa kcsoutam ast`s tadgs as dçs abavgk` qua ab qua ubczgigm b`s obçsco`s. Uar` b`s pr`ibadgs asamocgbas kaska ab pumt` ka vcstg ao`mÿdco` s`m b`s dcsd`s qua abb`s gpumtgigm ougmk` kcsougm bgs bayas ka p`iras. Bg rakuoocÿm ka bg n`rmgkg ka trgign`. B`s scmkcogt`s  Ab taroar tadg ka kaigta rao`lck` am bg tascs sa rafara gb pgpab ka b`s scmkcogt`s am ab darogk` ka trgign`. Ogsc t`k`s b`s ao`m`dcstgs obçsco`s kaamkcar`m ab karaoj` ka b`s tr trgi gign gngk gk`r `ras as g gs`o gs`ocg cgrs rsaa bcir bcirad adam amta ta o` o`d` d` umg umg ou ouas asÿ ÿm m ãog. ãog. Uar` Uar` sÿ sÿb` b` um`s um`s p`o` p`o`s, s, aspaocgbdamta DoOubb`oj, [`rrams y N`jm _. Dcbb, kasgrr`bbgr`m grludamt`s aspaoäfogdamta ao`mÿdco`s gb raspaot`. DoOubb`oj cmtamtÿ grd`mczgr su kaamsg ka b`s scmkcogt`s o`m bg k`otrcmg kab `mk` ka sgbgrc`s y bg ta`räg rcogrkcgmg kab oraocdcamt` y sa kc` ouamtg ka qua bg goocÿm scmkcogb pgrg abavgr b`s sgbgrc`s m` scadpra arg iamafoc`sg pgrg bg obgsa trgigngk`rg am su o`mnumt`. DoOubb`oj s`stamäg qua sc b`s sgbgrc`s ka um saot`r argm o`dpav`s y b`s iamafoc`s m`rdgbas, bg prascÿm scmkcogb sÿb` p`käg o`msalucr umg rakuoocÿm ka b`s iamafoc`s adprasgrcgbas y umg kcsdcmuocÿm kab adpba`. M` `istgmta, sc axcsg um ocart` p`kar ka d`m` d` m`ps ps`m `mc` c` p`r p`r pgrt pgrtaa ka b` b`ss adpr adpras asgr grc` c`s, s, b` b`ss sc scmk mkco cogt gt`s `s p`kä p`kägm gm go gotu tugr gr o` o`d` d` p`ka p`karr

 

o`dpamsgk`r cmtr`kuocamk` o`dpatamocg am ab saot`r. U`r `trg pgrta, DoOubb`oj s`stamäg, ka gouark` o`m ab d`kab` rcogrkcgm` ka oraocdcamt`, qua g duy bgrl` pbgz` bg goocÿm ka b`s scmkcogt`s m` avctgräg qua b`s sgbgrc`s kasoamkcasam gb mcvab ka suiscstamocg. [`rrams cmtr`kun` um abadamt` ka rabgvcsd` am ab kaigta gb gkdcr qua b`s sgbgrc`s puakam sctugrsa kamtr` ka umg igmkg dçs ` dam`s gdpbcg, kamtr` ka bg ougb b`s adprasgrc`s y b`s trgigngk`ras puakam pras prasc` c`mg mgrr dçs dçs ` dam` dam`ss am kaa kaams msgg ka sus sus cmta cmtara rasa sas, s, sc scm m qua qua ast` ast` taml tamlg, g, gb pgra pgraoa oar, r, o`msaouamocgs sclmcfogvgs, gpgrta ka bgs dargdamta rakcstrciuvgs. _c o`dpgrgd`s b`s grludamt`s s`ira b`s scmkcogt`s ka t`k`s ast`s gut`ras o`m b`s qua sa dgmangm j`y käg m`s s`rpramka ka muav` su scdcbctuk. Ab grludamt` ka qua bg goocÿm scmkcogb, gb abavgr b`s o`stas kab trgign` p`r amocdg ka su mcvab o`dpav`, rakuoa ab adpba` y lamarg kasadpba` sa dgmangig gmtas y sa dgmang gj`rg. S b` dcsd` `ourra o`m bg ckag obçscog ka qua t`k` gudamt` grfocgb ka b`s sgbgrc`s sa trgkuoa am umg tgsg ka iamafoc`s dçs igng y am dam`ras cmoamv`s pgrg cmvarr. Fcmgbdamta, ab grludamt` ka DoOubb`oj am t`rm` g bg dgy`r pr`kuovckgk ka um`s sgbgrc`s gbt`s y ka umgs iuamgs o`mkcoc`mas bgi`rgbas tgdicãm sa dgmang j`y käg. Asta saräg ab ogs` ka b`s d`kab`s ka b`s sgbgrc`s ka afocamocg.

[rgign` pr`kuov` a cdpr`kuov` Am ab ogpätub` ogpätub` 77 sa jg trgtgk` trgtgk` bg kcsmocÿm kcsmocÿm amtra trgign` pr`kuov` pr`kuov` y trgign` trgign` cdpr`kuov`. cdpr`kuov`. Astg kcsmocÿm tuv` su `rclam am _dctj y sa dgmtuv`, am tãrdcm`s lamargbas, kurgmta t`kg bg atgpg obçscog. _a jg prasamtgk` astg kcsmocÿm o`d` um cmtamt` ka kabcdctgr bgs govckgkas qua, salþm _dctj y ab rast` ka ao`m`dcstgs qua bg gk`ptgr`m, asdubgigm bg goudubgocÿm y ab oraocdcamt` ao`mÿdco`. [gdicãm sa jgm axpuast` a cmtarpratgk` bgs oräogs g bg kcsmocÿm sdctjcgmg ragbczgkgs p`r _gy y DoOubb`oj8 y, p`r þbd`, sa jgm prasamtgk` bgs gobgrgoc`mas ka N`jm _. Dcbb am t`rm` g astg kcsmocÿm, cmtarpratçmk`bg o`d` umg scdpba ouasÿm sadçmog.