Jimenez Alcala Luis. Los Papas Que Marcaron La Historia

NVA\ CAOÁIFS ENLEA@F  

 Nks pepes  Nks pepe s quf oerlerki oerler ki ne bastkrae b astkrae  Nes epesaki e pesakieitfs eitfs hakj hakjregïes regïes `f nks ppkitïgal kitïgalfs fs oås saij saijunerfs unerfs `f ne bastkrae `f ne  Ajnfsae3 `f ` f ]f`r ]f`rkk e Greilaslk

© NVA\ CAO IFS ENLEA@F, ENLEA@F, 8=50 8=50  

 

© F`atkraen En ou ouzere zere,, s.n., 8=50

 

Xfsfrve`ks tk`ks nks `frflbks. «Ik fstå pfroata`e ne rfprk`ullaüi tkten k perlaen `f fstf nahrk, ia su treteoafitk aigkroåtalk, ia ne treisoasaüi `f iaijuie gkroe k pkr luenquafr of`ak, ye sfe oflåialk, fnfltrüialk, pkr gktklkpae, pkr rfjastrk u ktrks oátk`ks, sai fn pfroask

 

prfvak y pkr fslratk `f nks tatunerfs `fn lkpyrajbt ..´´

  

F`atkraen Enouzer Enouzeree • Lknfllaüi Bastkrae F`alaüi `f Eitkiak Lufste Lkivfrsa üi `f Üsler Lür`khe www.f`atkraenenouzere.lko pf`a`ksMf`atkraenenouzere.lko - aigkMf`atkraenenouzere.lko A\HI3 1:220575==:6=

 

 E oa geoanae, geoan ae, prailapen pra ilapenofitf ofitf e oa fspkse fspks e Leoane, e nnee quf teitks teit ks retks ret ks rkhá oafitres fslrahïe fstes påjaies.

 

 ]XÜNKJK  ]XÜNKJ K Ne ofilaüi ofilaüi oås eitajue eitajue `f ne penehre «pepe´ (`frave`e (`frave`e `fn jr afjk « peppes  peppes´) ´) eperflf fi ne tuohe `fn pkitïgalf Oerlfnaik (sajnk AAA), epnalåi`ksf teohaái fi fse ápkle e ktrks khaspks krafitenfs, ik safi`k pkr teitk utanaze`e lkok fxlnusave `fn Khaspk `f Xkoe beste gaienfs `fn sajnk AW. ]frk teohaái sf nneoei pepes e nks nï`frfs `f ktres Ajnfsaes lrastaeies, lkok ne Krtk`kxe Lkpte, quf pkstune quf sus pepes prkvafifi `fs`f \ei Oerlks fn Fveijfnaste, k ne Ajnfsae Erofiae, quf e`foås nks `fikoaie detbknadks. Ajuenofitf en Jfifren `f nks Cfsuates sf nf nneoe pepe Ifjrk, pkr nnfver skteie ifjre, oafitres quf nks pepes `f Xkoe nnfvei skteie hneile `fs`f \ei ]ïk W (sajnk RWA). Nks pepes `f Xkoe teohaái kstfitei ktrks tïtunks, tenfs lkok Khaspk `f Xkoe, Walerak `f Lrastk, \ulfskr `fn ]rïilapf `f nks Epüstknfs, \ulfskr `f \ei ]f`rk, ]rïilapf `f nks Khaspks, \uok ]kitïgalf, ]raoe`k `f ne Ajnfsae, ]raoe`k `f Atenae, \afrvk `f nks \afrvks `f @aks, Erzkhaspk y Oftrkpknateik `f ne ]rkvailae `f Xkoe, ]e`rf `f nks Xfyfs, ]etraerle `f Klla`fitf, ]estkr `fn Xfheõk `f Lrastk y \khfr \khfreik eik `fn Fste`k `f ne Lau`e` `fn Wetaleik. Wetaleik. @f nks `kslafitks sfsfite y luetrk pepes quf bei fxasta`k beste ne gflbe, sünk sf vei e lkisa`frer equï nks oås saijunerfs4 saijunera`e` quf e vflfs fs pkr su jrei`fze y seita`e`, ktres pkr behfr vava`k lkyuitures fxtrekr`aieraes k teohaái pkr sfr lafrteofitf pepes oås k ofiks ai`fsfehnfs. Fi fgfltk, e nk nerjk `f vfaitf sajnks buhk pepes seitks, leratetavks, buoan`fs, hki`e`ksks, bkifstks, entruastes, entruaste s, aitfnfltu aitfnfltuenfs, enfs, sehaks y oårtarfs, oårtar fs, pfrk teohaái teohaái buhk bfrát bfr átalks, alks, esfsaiks, `fslrfï`ks, så`alks, sk`koates, a`ünetres,fslnevks, hfnalksks, lki backs anfjïtaoks, y e`óntfrks. ktre pertf buhk saokiïelks, pepes erastülretes, lese`ks, vau`ks, backs gkriale`krfs `f selfr`ktfs, khaspks y]kr pepes, hester`ks, enjuiks ouy eilaeiks y ktrks ouy cüvfifs. En perflfr vfaitaói pepes gufrki oårtarfs, ktrks iufvf gennflafrki of`aeitf tkrofitk, luetrk fi fn fxanak y uik fi ne lårlfn4 ktrks iufvf `fseperflafrki fi ella`fitfs vaknfitks3 sfas gufrki esfsaie`ks, `ks gennflafrki pkr bfra`es rflaha`es fi rfvufntes rfvufntes y uik ouraü our aü en `frr `frruohersf uohersf fn tflbk tflbk `f su okre`e. ok re`e. @f @f tk`es gkroes gkr oes sf be `f sfõener sfõener quf nks lenagaletavks epnale`ks e nks `agfrfitfs pepes, uies vflfs fisenzåi`knks y ktres `fjre`åi`knks, `fpfi`fi oulbes vflfs `f nes tfi`filaes `f nks oulbks lrkiastes quf skhrf fnnks bei fslratk. Esï, puf`f klurrar quf ui `ftfroaie`k pepe sfe lkisa`fre`k lkok ui jrei pepe pkr enjuiks y ui pepe `fsest `fs estrk rksk sk pkr ktrks. Fste khre, `f leråltfr `avunjetavk, tafif fn gai `f anustrer en nfltkr skhrf nks bflbks lkitreste`ks oås sajiagaletavks `f nks pepes quf lkisa`freoks «saijunerfs´, skhrf nes nfyfi`es elfrle `f fnnks, y skhrf nes eiál`ktes oås cujkses quf bei pese`k e ne Bastkrae. Ne hahnakjregïe skhrf ne oetfrae fs fxtfisïsaoe3 @fs`f fxtfisïsaoe3  @fs`f ]f`rk beste best e fn pepe Xetzaijfr Xetza ijfr,, `f Lfitaia4 @allakier Lfitaia4  @allakierak ak `f nks ]epes y Lkilanaks Lkilana ks,, `f ]erf`fs4 Fn ]erf`fs4  Fn Óntaok Ónt aok ]epe, `f ]epe, `f Bkjuf4 Nks Bkjuf4 Nks Waleraks `f Lrastk Lra stk,, `f @f Xkse4 Bastkr Xkse4  Bastkrae ae `f nks n ks ]epes ]epes,, `f Jestüi Lestfnne... ski enjuiks `f nks nahrks rflkofi`e`ks, quf `ei vasakifs ouy `astaites `f le`e uik `f nks nk s prktejkiastes, pr ktejkiastes, enjk lafrteofit lafrteofitff firaqufl fira quflf`kr. f`kr. @asgr @asgrut utfi fi `f ne Bastkrae.

 

5. \EI ]F@XK, FN ]XAOFX ]E]E \aoüi Her-Ckie (]f`rk) ielaü fi Hftsea`e (Jenanfe), back `f Ckiås4 fstehe lese`k y, sfjói nks fveijfnaks epülragks, tfiïe uie bace, \eite ]ftrkiane. \u bfroeik Ei`rás, teohaái epüstkn `f Cfsós, fre `aslïpunk `f Cuei fn Heutaste, y guf fn quf `ack e ]f`rk3 «Bfoks filkitre`k en Ofsïes´, y nk nnfvü bestee Cfsós, pufs best pufs eohks lkigaehe lk igaeheii fi ne prkofse pr kofse `f nks nk s prkgftes pr kgftes skhrf ne nnfje`e nnfj e`e `fn Ofsïes. Ofsïes. Eitf Ei tfss `f lkiklfr lk iklfr e Cfsós, \aoüi fre fr e pfsle`kr `f suhsastfilae suhsastfilae fi fn nejk `f Pahfrae`fs (Legerieói), (Legerieói), lfrle `f Hftsea`e. Hftsea`e. Fi fse ápkle ápkle pk`rïe pk`r ïe lkisa`frårsfnf lkisa`frår sfnf lkok ui bkohrf ru`k, aiquaft aiquaftk, k, vunifrehnf en `fsenafitk `fsenafi tk y `f `áhan vknuit vkn uite`, e`, euiquf euiquf jfifrksk. jfifrk sk. \u lkitelt lkiteltkk lki Cfsós nk treisgkroü treisgkr oü fi aopftuksk aopftuksk y `fla`a`k, aignuyfi`k ouy prkitk skhrf fn rfstk `f nks epüstknfs4 prkgfsü ui jrei eokr pkr Cfsós, y `fspuás `f ne oufrtf `f Ástf oeiagfstü ui jrei lfnk pkr ne Ajnfsae Lrastaeie rflaái lkistatua`e4 sf aoprkvasü lkok tfünkjk, prf`ale`kr y jkhfrieitf, euiquf lki uie prkgui`e buoan`e`. Nks Fveijfnaks saiüptalks nk lkisa`frei lkok fn pkrtevkz `f nks epüstknfs, y nks Bflbks `f nks Epüstknfs lkok fn prailapen `arajfitf `f ne praofre lkouia`e` lrastaeie quf rfenazü oanejrks fi ikohrf `f Lrastk, lkok ne lurelaüi `f ui figfrok e nes pufrtes `fn tfopnk k ne rfsurrfllaüi `f ne `aslïpune Pehatå fi Ckppf. Peohaái fcfrlaü eutkra`e`, lkok luei`k sf `fsluhraü quf Eieiïes y \egare oaitafrki skhrf nks gki`ks `f ne lkouia`e`, k luei`k, sfjói `kluofitks epülragks, gunoaiü e \aoüi fn Oejk, quf lrfïe quf pk`rïe lkoprer fn pk`fr `f lkigfrar fn Fspïratu f aitfitehe sfr sfofceitf e @aks. Ne eltava`e` oasakifre fopfzü, lki`kne\eitaejk `f aejk \eitaejk Oeykr, fifi Cfrusenái, eohks gufrk i filerlfne`ks gufrki file rlfne`ks`fpkr pk]f`rk r Bfr Bfr k`fs Ejrape, Ejracuitk pe, safi`k safi \eit fcflute`k4 fcflutfne`k4 ]f`rk, leohak, `ki`f sfjói sfj ói nks Bflbks Bflbks `f nks Epüstknfs, Epüstknfs, euiquf euiquf lki`fie`k lki`fie`k e oufrtf, o ufrtf, guf nahfre`k pkr ui åijfn. Fi fn eõk 01-6= (ktres gufitfs sfõenei fn eõk 02), `fha`k e lbkqufs fitrf cu`eazeitfs y bfnfiastes sf lkivklü uie rfuiaüi (lkilanak) fi Cfrusenái, quf sf lkiklf lkok fn Lkilanak Epkstünalk `f Cfrusenái (pkrquf pertalaperki nks epüstknfs). ]f`rk bazk `f århatrk grfitf e nes pkstures figrfite`es `f \eitaejk fn Ofikr, gafn e nes tre`alakifs cu`ïes, y `f ]ehnk y Hfriehá, quf kpaiehei quf ik fre iflfserak peser pkr fn teoaz `fn cu`eïsok pere sfr lrastaeik4 en gaien sf elfpterki nes tfsas `f ]ehnk, pkr nk quf fi e`fneitf e nks iufvks lrastaeiks ik sf nfs aopki`rïei nes prfslraplakifs cu`ïes, euiquf pkr rfspftk e sus bfroeiks `f krajfi cu`ïk nks lrastaeiks ik cu`ïks sf ehstfi`rïei `f lkofr seijrf y lerif selragale`e e nks ï`knks. \f puf`f `flar quf fi fstf Lkilanak sf rkopafrki nes eoerres quf najehei e nks sfjua`krfs sfjua`kr fs `f Cfsós Cfsós lki lki sus krïjfifs kr ïjfifs cu`ïks. Euiquf ne eitajue tre`alaüi lrastaeie etrahuïe e ]f`rk ne gui`elaüi `f ne Ajnfsae Xkoeie (skhrf fn eõk 08), sf sehf quf ik guf fn praofrk fi behner `f Cfsós fi Xkoe. Fi fgfltk, fn lkoafizk `f ne Ajnfsae Lrastaeie Xkoeie sf rfnelakie lki ne lknkiae cu`ïe `f Xkoe, eõks eitfs `f ne nnfje`e `f ]f`rk e fste lau`e`4 fste lknkiae fre tei iuofrkse quf fn fopfre`kr Lneu`ak (05-60) sf behïe vastk khnaje`k e prkounjer ui f`altk e gevkr `f fnne. ]frk uiks eõks `fspuás, belae fn 65-68 (sfjói ktres gufitfs gufit fs fi fn 0: k 01), Lneu`ak Lneu`ak `fstfr `fstfr rü e nks cu`ïks pkr nks `asturhaks prk`ula`ks pr k`ula`ks fi rfnelaüi lki lk i nes fisfõeizes elfrle `f ui ten Lbrfstus4 en perflfr ne juer`ae aopfraen eói ik `astaijuïe, k ik qufrïe `astaijuar, `ast aijuar, fitrf lrastaei lr astaeiks ks y cu`ïks. ]f`rk, tres peser pkr Lfserfe, Eitakquae y Lkraitak, sf `arajaü e Xkoe, nnfjei`k en perflfr skhrf fn eõk (teohaái sflkisa`fre lrff quf lkok fi fn 70 k fitrf fn 75`f fn bastkrae 70), y pfroeiflaü trfsik luetrk beste best e su62oufrtf. \f nf fn prao praofr fr pepe `yf ne (70;-7:;), saennï hafi ikkguf fn praofr preõks, aofr khaspk `f Xkoe, ye quf teitk án lkok ]ehnk, pkr su lki`alaüi `f epüstknfs, fstehei pkr filaoe `f luenquafr kgalak oaiastfraen. ]erflf sfr quf ne nnfje`e `f ]f`rk e Xkoe lkaila`aü lki fn rftkrik `f nks cu`ïks, pfroata`k pkr fn fopfre`kr Ifrüi quf behïe nnfje`k en trkik fi fn eõk 60, lki `aflasaftf eõks. Fitkilfs Xkoe tfiïe

 

ui oannüi `f behateitfs, `f tk`es nes rezes y lkstuohrfs. Fi fn eõk 7= nnfjü teohaái e Xkoe fn `flaoktfrlfrk `f nks epüstknfs, ]ehnk, quf guf rfenofitf fn quf aopunsü ne iufve rfnajaüi fi fste lau`e`44 fitrf án y ]f`rk `fspnezerk lau`e` `fspnezerkii e \eitaejk \eitaejk,, bfroeik (»perafitf;) (»perafitf;) `f Cfsulra Cfsulrastk, stk, quf fr fr e lkok fn lkitaiue`kr `f Ástf. Qe fi fste ápkle sa sf `agfrfilaehei nks cu`ïks y nks lrastaeiks, lkok `ks lkouia`e`fs `astaites. @ureitf su fsteilae fi Xkoe, ]f`rk, eyu`e`k pkr su `aslïpunk \anveik, fslrahaü su ]raofre Fpïstkne, `araja`e e nes lkouia`e`fs lrastaeies `f Esae Ofikr, fi ne quf sf ofilakiehe ne lknehkrelaüi lknehkr elaüi `f Oerlk Oerlks, s, sf kgrflïei kgr flïei lkisfcks lkisfcks y sf lkisa`frehei fnfofitks fnfofitks `f ne tfknkjïe tfknkj ïe lra lrastae staeie ie `f ne ápkle, lki fn gai `f rfgkrzer ne gf `f nks lkivfrta`ks. Ne \fjui`e Fpïstkne `f ]f`rk sf etrahuyf e sus `aslïpunks y sf fslrahaü `fspuás `fn eõk 70, vetalaiåi`ksf fi fnne su prüxaoe oufrtf, fi vaste `fn lkignaltk fxastfitf lki fn fopfre`kr Ifrüi. ]kr ktre pertf, puf`f lkisa`frersf quf ]f`rk guf fn quf aisparü fn fveijfnak `f \ei Oerlks f aistatuyü fn praofr kr`fi flnfsaåstalk y ne krelaüi `fn ]e`rf Iufstrk. Fn 51 `f cunak `fn 70 sf prk`uck ui ailfi`ak fi nes tafi`es quf rk`fehei en Jrei Larlk rkoeik, prkpejåi`ksf prk pejåi`ksf fn gufjk e nks nk s herraks herr aks naoïtrk na oïtrkgfs, gfs, quf quf gufrki ehrese`ks ehr ese`ks `ureitf `ureitf sfas `ïes y saftf saftf iklbfs, y `fspuás e nks herraks `fn ktrk ne`k `f ne lau`e`. Fn pufhnk elusü `fn ailfi`ak en fopfre`kr Ifrüi, quf esï tfiïe ui prftfxtk pere luopnar sus `fsfks `f lkistruar uie lau`e` oås hfnne4 pfrk ástf, lki ne aistajelaüi `f nks cu`ïks, lunpü e nks lrastaeiks, `fsvaei`k esï ne skspflbe quf skhrf án rfleïe4 pkr teitk, nks lrastaeiks gufrki `ftfia`ks fi oese y lki`fie`ks e supnalaks etrklfs, fcflutåi`ksf e oulbks `f fnnks, fitrf nks quf gajurehei nks epüstknfs ]f`rk y ]ehnk. Ifrüi, pere epelajuer en pufhnk, pfroataülki fspfltålunks lki tkrofitks bkrrkrksks, e nks sf eõe`afrki nes hurnes3 sf luhrïe e nks lrastaeiks pafnfs `f eiaoenfs y sf nfs belïe eteler pkrquf pfrrks quf nks `fspf`ezehei, sf nfs lrulagalehe, sf nfs qufoehe (y sa fre `f iklbf sfrvïei `f eitkrlbes fi ne kslura`e`), k sf nfs belïe oeterr of`aeitf oete of`aeitf `avfrsks sastfoes. \fjói Fusfh Fusfhak ak (sajnk AW), AW), lkisa`fre`k lkok lk ok fn praofr bastkr bastkrae`kr ae`kr `f ne Ajnfsae, áste guf ne ]raofre ]frsflulaüi `f nks lrastaeiks, `f nes `afz quf letenkjü, tretei`k `f belfr ui perenfnasok lki nes `afz pnejes `f Fjaptk `fslrates fi fn Eitajuk Pfsteofitk4 pfrk ne vfr`e` fs quf bky ik fs gålan belfr uie lnesagalelaüi tei fxelte `f nes pfrsflulakifs, euiquf sï fs lafrtk quf gufrki gufrk i oås `f `afz. ]f`rk fnajaü okrar lrulagale`k lehfze eheck, en lkisa`frersf ai`ajik `f okrar lkok Cfsós, y ]ehnk, quf pkr sfr lau`e`eik rkoeik ik pk`ïe sfr lrulagale`k, guf `flepate`k e fspe`e, gufre `f nks ourks `f Xkoe. Ik fs sfjurk quf ]f`rk y ]ehnk ourafsfi fn oasok eõk, y ofiks fn oasok `ïe. Fn bflbk `f quf ne lkiofokrelaüi `f sus ofokraes sfe fn oasok `ïe, 81 `f cuiak, puf`f sfr `fha`k en rflufr`k, prkhehnfofitf, `fn `ïe fi quf sf tresne`erki sus rfnaquaes fi ne ápkle `fn fopfre`kr Lkisteitaik (sajnk AW). Ne gflbe fxelte `f ne oufrtf `f ]f`rk ik sf lkiklf, fstå fitrf fn eõk 70 (ailfi`ak `f Xkoe) y fn 7: (oufrtf `f Ifrüi), euiquf tre`alakienofitf sf ne satóe fn 81 `f cuiak `fn 7:. En perflfr, ]f`rk fstuvk prfsk fi ne lårlfn `f Oeofrtaie y ouraü fi ne lknaie Wetaleie, y ]ehnk fi ne vïe Kstafisf, fitfrråi`ksfnfs fi nujerfs prüxaoks e nks `f sus fcflulakifs. ]f`rk guf sfpunte`k e ne `frflbe `f ne vïe Lkrifnak, Lkrifnak , pfrk `fspuás `fspuás sus `fspkcks `fspkcks gufrki gufrk i tresne`e`ks tresne`e`ks ui per `f vfl vflfs fs e nujerfs nujer fs oås sfjurks4 sfjurk s4 nufjk, sus rfstks sf vknvafrki vknvafrk i e nnfver nnfver e `ki`f ouraü, ouraü , y ennï fn ttfrlfr frlfr ]epe ]epe `f ne Bastkr Bastkrae ae (\ei Eielnftk (:7;-15;) frajaü ui pfqufõk kretkrak `fstaie`k e ne sfpunture `f nks oårtarfs, fi ui okofitk fi fn quf fn pejeiasok fre jfifren fi Xkoe4 fi fn sajnk AW sf nfveitü fi fsf nujer ne hesïnale lkistrua`e pkr fn fopfre`kr Lkisteitaik, tresne`ei`k ennï nks rfstks `f ]f`rk y `f ]ehnk4 fste hesïnale pfr`urü oås `f oan eõks. ]frk rfenofitf teitk ne lehfze `f ]f`rk, lkok ne `f ]ehnk, sf sfpererki `f sus lufrpks y fståi fi fn tfopnk `f \ei Cuei `f Nftråi, teohaái lkistrua`k pkr Lkisteitaik. Fi fn eõk 5805, luei`k fn fopfre`kr Gf`fralk AA eveizehe belae Xkoe, en pepe Jrfjkrak AR, vafi`k prüxaok fn okofitk `f su oufrtf, sf nf klurraü nnfver fi prklfsaüi nes lehfzes

 

`f ]f`rk y ]ehnk `fs`f \ei Cuei `f Nftråi e \ei ]f`rk4 fnnk tuvk su fgfltk, pufs nks rkoeiks, en `ersf lufite `f quf ahei e pfr`fr ik sünk su bfrfilae saik teohaái ne prailapen gufitf `f aijrfsks, lfrrerki ganes y ne aivesaüi sf fvatü. Fi fn eõk 5