JCL & Utilities.pdf

J OB CO CONT NTRO ROL L L A NG NGUAGE UAGE

J OB CONTR CONTROL OL LA L A NG NGUAGE UAGE

Presented Pre sented by: by :

Kunal Sharma

J OB CO CONT NTRO ROL L L A NG NGUAGE UAGE

INTRODUCTION Job control language(JCL). It is a means of communication between a program that can be written in COBOL , ASSEMBER or PL/I and the MVS operating system. Without a JCL, you cant able to run a job on MVS operating system.

 All JCL statements can consists of up to five types types of fields

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forward slashes slashes are required required at the beginnin beginning g of each // - The two forward JCL statement in Columns 1 and 2.

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Name Na me field fi eld - This is an optional field. If coded, should start at

Column 3. It maximum length is 8. 

Operation Ope ration field - Which indicates the operation that is to be

performed 

Operand - This field must appear after Operation field. Must start at

16 column 

Comments - Comments begin one space after the last operand.

Our simple example has no comments.

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// Na Name me

Operatio n

// JOB1

JOB

Operand (034D), 'RAMESH', CLASS='A', PRTY=6

// STEP01 EXEC

PGM=COBPROG

// INFILE

DSN=SED.GLOB.DES.INFILE,DISP=SHR DSN=SED.GLOB.DES .INFILE,DISP=SHR

DD

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Three important input operations are 1. JOB 2. EXEC

3. DD

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EXPLANATION EXPLA NATION TO KEYWORD KEYWORD PARAMET PARA METER ER 

CLASS

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PRTY

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MSGCLASS

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MSGLEVEL

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TYPRUN

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NOTIFY

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short running, running, some jobs jobs may take more more CLASS: Some jobs can be short CLASS: time other may use heavy resources. CLASS keyword parameter is used to tell to OS about the nature of job we are submitting. Syntax -> CLASS = job class

alphabetical ical characte characterr between between A - Z or Vali Va lid d values -> Any alphabet number num bers s betwe between en 0 - 9 JCL -> //MYJOB JOB (3345Y),‘KUNAL SHARMA',CLASS=K

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parameter. It assigns priority to jobs PRTY: It is related to CLASS parameter. which belong to the same class. Higher number takes precedence over the job with lower number. A job with priority of 12 will run before a job with priority 5.

Syntax -> PRTY=priority

Valid Va lid values -> Any value between 0 to 15 JCL -> //MYJOB //MYJOB JOB J OB (34 (345Y) 5Y),'K ,'KUNAL' UNAL',CLASS=8, ,CLASS=8,PRT PRTY=6 Y=6

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MSGCLASS : The MSGCLASS parameter determines the output device to which system messages and JCL messages are written .

MSGCLASS=output-class-name ss-name Syntax -> MSGCLASS=output-cla alpha betical characte characterr between between A - Z or Valid Va lid values -> Any alpha number num ber bet betwee ween n 0 - 9. JCL -> //M //MYJOB YJOB JOB J OB (456Y) (456Y),'K ,'KUNAL UNAL REDDY',CLASS=7,PRTY=5,MSGCLASS=A

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tell JCL, which which messages messages to be printed printed in MSGLEVEL:: is used to tell MSGLEVEL the device specified in MSGCLASS parameter . MSGLEVEL=(statements,messages ments,messages)) Syntax -> MSGLEVEL=(state Valid Va lid values -> Statements may be the number 0,1,2 and messages can be 0 or 1 JCL -> //M //MYJOB YJOB JOB J OB (3456Y),'SR',CLASS=8,MSGCLASS=S,MSGLEVEL=(1,1)

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TYPRUN parameter parameter is used to specify specify whether whether job is TYPRUN: The TYPRUN TYPRUN: to be held until further notice or for syntax checking . TYPRUN=HOLD OLD - Job held until until further further notice or or Syntax -> TYPRUN=H TYPRUN=SC TYPR UN=SCAN AN - Check Jcl for for syntax checking checking.. JCL -> //M //MYJOB YJOB JOB J OB (3456Y),'KUNAL',CLASS=8,PRTY=9,TYPRUN=HOLD

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NOTIFY parameter parameter is used to direct direct the system, system, NOTIFY: The NOTIFY NOTIFY: where it has to send the success/failure message after completing the job. Syntax -> NOTIFY=userid/&SY NOTIFY=userid/&SYSUID SUID JCL -> //MY //MYJOB JOB JOB (34 (3456Y 56Y),'KUNAL ),'KUNAL SHARMA',CLASS= SHAR MA',CLASS=8, 8,NO NOTIF TIFY= Y=&SYSU &SYSUID ID &SYSUI &SYSUID D - th the e userid us erid fr from om whi ch user it has been been subm itted

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JOBLIB/STEPLIB 

definition) stateme statement, nt, and it specifies specifies JOBLIB : It is a DD (Data definition) where the program (which is specified in EXEC statement) exists. It is applicable to all job steps in that job. It cannot be used in cataloged procedures. Syntax -> //JOBLIB

DD

DSN=dataset

JCL -> -> //MYJOB JOB (E343),'KUNAL‘ //JOBL // JOBLIB IB DD DSN=SE DSN=SE.T .TES EST. T.LOADLIB,DIS LOADLIB,DISP= P=SH SHR R //STEPLIB DD DSN=dataset. JCL -> -> //MYJOB JOB (U456),'KUNAL‘ //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG

//STEPLIB DD DSN=TEST.MYPROD.LIB,DISP=SHR //STEP2 EXEC PGM=COBPROG2 //STEPLIB DD DSN=TEST.MYPROD.LIB1,DISP=SHR

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IMPORTANT NOTE: If both the JOBLIB and STEPLIB statements are coded, then the STEPLIB specification will override JOBLIB specification

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statement nt is used used to execute execute a EXEC STATEMENT STATEMENT:: EXEC stateme program/procedure A maximum of 255 EXEC statement can code in an single job. Syntax - // //st stepname epname

EXEC EX EC

PGM= PG M=pr progr ogr amam-name, name,keywor keywor d

paramete para meters rs Posit ional parame parameter ter - Prog rogramram-name name .

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K EYWO EYWORD RD PARAMETER PA RAMETER FOR EXEC 

PARM

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 ACCT  A CCT

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 ADDRSPC  A DDRSPC

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DPRTY PERFORM

RD

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PARM: PARAM parameter is used to pass information to program Syntax -> PARM=value

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Value is a string can be 1 to 100 characters long.

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accounting nting inform information ation for for that step step  ACCT  A CCT - accou

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 ADDRSPC  A DDRSPC - used to indicate indicate to to the system system that the the job step is use

either virtual or real storage 

DPRTY - used to assign prior priority ity to the the job step step

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specifies ies the rate at which which system resourc resources es used by PERFORM - specif  job step

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definition is used to specify specify automatic restart of a job if it RD - restart definition abends

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PARAMETE PARA METERS RS IN BOTH STATEMENTS STATEMENTS (JOB and an d EXEC EXEC)) 

COND

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REGION

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TIME

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These parameters can code in both JOB and EXEC statements, When we code these parameters on both statement,

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JOB - REGIO REGION N will will override override EXEC EXEC –  – REGION JOB - CON COND D will will ove overri rride de EXE EXEC C - CON COND D EXEC EXE C - TIM TIME E will will ove overri rride de JOB - TIM TIME E

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:- Speci Specifies fies the amount amount of space should should be used at the time time REGION:REGION of running a job/step Syntax -> REGION=< value >K or

REGION=< value >M JCL -> -> //MYJOB JOB (AE32),‘KUNAL' //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG,REGION=67K

IMP: All available storage is assigned to the job or jobstep, If REGION is coded 0K or 0M

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COND:: - Each step COND step sends an a return return code code to the system system upon upon

completion. This is called condition code. COND parameter is used to control the execution of subsequent job steps, depending on the condition code that is returned for prior step. Return code number between 0 and 4095 . 

//MYJOB JOB (R475),'KUNAL‘COND=(4,GT (R475),'KUNAL‘COND=(4,GT))

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//STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG

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//STEP2 EXEC PGM=COBPROG2 In this example we are specifying that if the number 4 is greater than the return code of STEP1, then STEP2 is to be bypassed.

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:The time parameter is used to specify the amount of CPU time TIME:The TIME that a job or job step is permitted to utilize. Syntax -> TIME=minutes OR TIME=([minutes] [,seconds]) minutes

can be between 1 and 1439 seconds can be between 1 and 59

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JCL -> If coded on o n JOB //MYJOB JOB (E234),‘KUNAL',TIME=(20,3 (E234),‘KUNAL',TIME=(20,30) 0)

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG1 //STEP2 EXEC PGM=COBPROG2 //STEP3 EXEC PGM=COBPROG3 In this example 20 minutes 30 seconds time allotted to job. All steps in this job STEP1 STEP2 STEP3 should complete its task within 20 min. 30 sec.

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If coded co ded on o n STEP STEP //MYJOB JOB (R567),'KUNAL' //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPRO // TIME=30 In this example 30 min. Time is allotted to STEP1. If STEP1 requires more than 30 min. MYJOB will terminate abnormally.

J OB CO CONT NTRO ROL L L A NG NGUAGE UAGE If coded cod ed on bot b oth h STEP STEP AND JOB //SECOND JOB ,‘KUNAL',TIME=3

//STEP1 EXEC PGM=C,TIME=2 / //STEP2 EXEC PGM=D,TIME=2 In this example, the job is allowed 3 minutes of execution time. Each step is allowed 2 minutes of execution time. Should either step try to execute beyond 2 minutes, the job will terminate beginning with that step. If STEP1 executes in 1.74 minutes and if STEP2 tries to execute beyond 1.26 minutes, the job will be terminated because of the 3-minute time limit specified on the JOB statement.

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By coding TIME=1440 or TIME=NOLIMIT, It will give a job or step an unlimited amount of time.

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To allow a job or step to use the maximum amount of time, code TIME=MAXIMUM. Coding TIME=MAXIMUM allows the job or step to run for 357912 minutes. (Approx. 248 days)

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DD STATEMENT The DD statement (Data Definition), is used to identify the source of input and the placement of output information Syntax -> //ddname

DD < positional / keyword parameters > dd name must be unique in the job

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Positional Posit ional parameter parameters s - * DATA DUMMY DYNAM DYNAM

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Keyword Keywo rd Parameters Parameters - DSN DISP UNIT UNIT SPACE DCB VOLUME VOLUME

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DSN PARAMETER PARAMETER:: 

DSN parameter is used specify the data set name Syntax -> DSN=dataset name

JCL -> //MYJOB JOB (ER3),‘KUNAL' //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG PGM=C OBPROG //INFILE //INFILE DD DSN=TEST.GLOB.MYL DSN=TEST.GLOB.MYLIB IB

TEST.GLOB.MYLIB will be used in the COBPROG program.

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TEMPORARY TEMP ORARY DATA DA TA SETS SETS::

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Temporary data set is created during job and deleted at the end of the job. Temporary data set can be coded by using two ampersands followed by name. JCL --> --> //MYJOB JOB (E456),‘KUNAL' //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG PGM=C OBPROG //INFILE //INFILE DD DSN=&&TEMP DSN=&& TEMP

Here TEMP is an temporary dataset will be deleted upon job completion.

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DISP PARAMETE PARA METER: R: 

The DISP parameter is used specify the disposition of dataset which is coded on DSN parameter.

DISP=(STATUS,NORMAL-DISPOSITION,AB DISP=(STATUS,NORM AL-DISPOSITION,ABNORMALDIPOSITION NORMALDIPOSITION))

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Parameter Pa rameter on th the e DIS DISP P statement St at u s

No r m al Di s p o s i t i o n

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NEW

DELETE

DELETE

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OLD

CATLG

CATLG

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MOD

UNCATLG

KEEP

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SHR

KEEP

UNCATLG

PASS

A b n o r m al Di s p o s i t i o n

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STATUS: STATUS: NEW - Datas Dataset et will be created. created. (file (file should not exists) exists) OLD - Datas Dataset et should exist exists. s. MOD - Datas Dataset et will be be created created If not exist exists s SHR - Datas Dataset et can be be used by other other jobs jobs also also

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UNIT PARAMETE PARA METER: R: In IBM Mainframe environment, All devices have an address assigned to them at the time they added to the system. Devices can be referenced using this addresses. UNIT parameter is used to specify these address.

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UNIT PARAMETE PARA METER: R: JCL //MYJOB JOB

(R345),‘KUNAL'

//STEP1

EXEC PGM=COBPROG

//INFILE

DD

DSN=TEST.GLOB.TEST.LIB, DSN=TEST.GLOB.TE ST.LIB, UNIT=SYSDA

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VOL PARAMETE PA RAMETER R: This parameter is used to identify the volume serial number on which dataset is reside. The VOL dataset is used with disk and tape datasets. 

JCL ---> >

//MYJOB JOB (E454),'KUNAL' //STEP1 EXEC PGM=COBPROG //INFILE DD DSN=TEST.GLOB.T DSN=TEST.GLOB.TEMP, EMP, // VOL=SER=(VOL1,V VOL=SER=(VOL1,VOL2,VOL3) OL2,VOL3)

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SPACE PARAMETER PARAMETER:: 

The SPACE parameter is used to allocate space for datasets. We can allocate space in Cylinders/Tracks/Blocks . Syntax -> SPACE=(CYL,(primary,secondary,director SPACE=(CYL,(primary,se condary,directory),RLSE,CONTIG y),RLSE,CONTIG,MXIG, ,MXIG, ROUND) Instead of CYL, We can use TRK or BLK

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Meaning Me aning of Sub Parameter Parameter 

TRK - Reque Requesting sting space in track track

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CYL - Reque Requesting sting space in cylinders cylinders

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PRIMARY - Prima Primary ry storage storage to be allocated allocated at the time of data set set created

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SECONDARY - Addit Additional ional storage storage to be allocat allocated ed , If primary primary storage is not sufficient

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DIRECTORY - Space for for recording recording of name name and location location of of partitioned data sets

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RLSE - Reque Request st for release of of space previously previously allocated allocated unused unused space after completion of job

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CONTIG - Reque Request st for for contiguo contiguous us space space MXIG - Reque Request st for large large area of of contiguous contiguous space space ROUND - Reque Request st for entire entire cylinder cylinder for storage storage of data set

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JCL //MYJOB

JOB (W345),‘KUNAL'

//STEP1

EXEC

//INFILE

DD

PGM=COBPROG DSN=TEST.GLOB.LIB

//

UNIT=4560

//

SPACE=(CYL,(30,4))

In this example, 30 cylinders are requested as primary space and 4 additional cylinders as secondary space.

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IMPORTANT Up to 15 extends of secondary space ( in our example it is 4 ) will be allotted , If space is not sufficient.

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DCB PARAMETE PA RAMETER R: Records in dataset may contain FIXED length / VARIABLE length. The DCB (Data Control Block) parameter is used to specify record format, record length, block size etc.

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Sub parameters parameters in DC DCB B 

Specificati fication on of record format format - F/FB F/FB/V/V /V/VB/U B/U LRECL RECFM - Speci Specification of record length

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Specificati fication on of of block block size size BLKSIZE - Speci Specificat fication ion of buffer buffers s BUFNO - Speci

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J CL //MYJCL

JOB

(E3445),‘KUNAL‘

//STEP1

EXEC

PROG=COBPROG

//INFILE

DD

DSN=TEST.GLOB.LIB

//

UNIT=234,

//

DSN=(LRECL=80,

//

RECFM=FB,

//

BLKSIZE=800,

//

BUFNO=30)

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IMPORTANT When you specified V for RECFM parameter, LRECL value is largest record in the file plus 4 bytes. These four bytes contain the actual length of each variable length record in the file.

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SPECIAL SPEC IAL DD STATEMENTS STATEMENTS : 1. DUMMY DSN=NULLFILE 2. Concatenating Data sets 3. Passing Passing data to cobol cobol program program using using - SYSI SYSIN N DD * 4. SYSOUT 5. SYSUDUMP 6. SYSADUMP

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DUMMY DUMM Y OR DSN=NUL DSN=NUL L FILE 

Some times we need to testing of program, without using actual datasets. Then we can use DUMMY or DSN=NULLFILE.

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If we use DUMMY, operating system simulates the presence of a file. When you reading Operating system sends end of file request to program. J CL //MYJOB

JOB (W345), ‘KUNAL'

//STEP1

EXEC

PGM=COBPROG

//INFILE

DD

DUMMY

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CONCATENATING DA DA TA SETS

In JCL , we can concatenate different files by giving their name one after another. All data sets concatenated must be of the same type. For example, partitioned data sets can be concatenated only with partitioned data sets.

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CONCATENATING DATA SETS SETS:: J CL -->

//MYJOB

JOB (W345),'KUNAL'

//STEP1

EXEC

PGM=COBPROG

//INFILE

DD

DSN=TEST.GLOB.FILE1 DSN=TEST.GLOB.FI LE1

//

DSN=TEST.GLOB.FILE2

//

DSN=TEST.GLOB.FILE3

In program , we will read it as an single file. concatenation of three files done by operating system.

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IMPORTANT Maximum of 255 sequential data sets can be concatenated together Maximum of 16 partitioned data sets can be concatenated together 

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INSTREAM INSTR EAM and an d CATA CATAL L OGE OGED D PROCEDU PROCEDURES RES 1. Introduction 2. Instream Procedure 3. Cataloged procedure

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In JCL, We have an important concept reusability in the form of Instream and Cataloged procedures, Often, in work environments users can utilized same JCL. Using instream / cataloged procedures we can reuse the jcl code which was stored in another data set, in our data set.

Syntax Synta x f or Executing proc edure --> -->

EXEC

[PROC=]procedure-name

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INSTREAM PROCEDURE  A JCL Procedure is a pre-written segment of code, that you can include in your JOB. You code instream data set within the job and use it in that job as many times as you want.  An Instream Procedure Procedure JCL Example Example

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- Instr Instream eam procedure procedure should should be defined , before any any EXEC statement defined

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- Instr Instream eam procedure procedure startes startes with with PROC and ends with PEND statements

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- Instr Instream eam procedure procedure is executed executed when we main jcl called. called.

-The maximum number of instream procedures you can in any job is 15

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CATALOGED CATA LOGED PROCEDURE: PROCEDURE:

Pre-written segment of code (which is stored as an member of PDS), which you can use as many times you want in any job in the system. IBM supplies a utility program called IEBUPDTE; this program places cataloged procedures into partitioned data sets. These procedures are placed inside a system library called SYS1.PROCLIB. Developing Cataloge Procedure

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SYMBOLIC PARAMETER Usually, the same JCL can be used by different programmers to implement common tasks, such as the opening, reading, and writing of data sets. In those cases , we can use symbolic parameters. Using symbolic parameters we can pass value to a parameter which is used in procedure. A symbolic parameter on a DD statement is coded the parameter preceded by an ampersand.

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Procedure which is using symbolic parameter //MYPROC PROC //MYSTEP

EXEC

//INFILE

DD

//OUTFILE //

DD

PGM=COBPROG DSN=&DOC..TEST.LIB,DISP=SHR DSN=&DOC..TEST.OUT, DISP=(NEW,KEEP,DELETE),

//

UNIT=SYSDA,

//

SPACE=(CYL,(&SPACE))

The invoking EXEC statement

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GDG GD G (Generatio (Generation n Da Data ta Group Gro up)) 

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INTRODUCTION CREATION OF GDG USING GDG  ALTERING GDG DEFINITION

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DELETING GDG

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IMPORTANT PRACTICAL QUESTIONS

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INTRODUCTION Generation Data Groups or GDGs are a group of data sets which are ar e re rela late ted d to ea each ch ot othe herr ch chro rono nolo logi gica call lly y an and d fu func ncti tion onal ally ly.. These related Data Sets share a unique Data Set Name. Every GDG data set has a Generation number and Version number  assigned to each data set et..

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'MYLIB.LIB.TEST.G0001V00' 'MYLIB.LIB.TEST.G0002V00' 'MYLIB.LIB 'MYLI B.LIB.TES .TEST.G00 T.G0003V00' 03V00' GaaaaVnn aaaa is between 0000 to 9999 nn is between 00 to 99 In JCL, we refer current version with 0 ( Ex. MYLIB.LIB.TEST(0) ) new version going to create with +1 ( Ex. MYLIB.LIB.TEST(+1) ) older versions , refer with -1 - 1 -2 -3 etc.... ( Ex. MYLIB.LIB.TEST(-1) )