Japanese Vocabulary List 1

Common -i Adjectives Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

大き

おおき

adjectival nouns or quasiadjectives (keiyodoshi)

big; large

高い

たかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

high; tall; expensive

新しい

あたらしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

new

美しい

うつくしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

beautiful; lovely

好い

いい; よい

adjective (keiyoushi)

good; nice; pleasant; fine; excellent; agreeable; ok

細かい

こまかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

small; fine; minute

鋭い

するどい

adjective (keiyoushi)

pointed; sharp

好ましい

このましい

adjective (keiyoushi)

nice; likeable; desirable

見当たらない

みあたらない

adjective (keiyoushi)

not be found

愛しい

いとしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

lovely; dear; beloved; darling

低い

ひくい

adjective (keiyoushi)

short; low; humble; low (voice)

熱い

あつい

adjective (keiyoushi)

hot (thing)

優しい

やさしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable; suave

赤い

あかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

red

愉しい

たのしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

enjoyable; fun

古い

ふるい

adjective (keiyoushi)

old (not person); aged; ancient; antiquated; stale; threadbare; outmoded; obsolete article

素晴らしい

すばらしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

wonderful; splendid; magnificent

早い

はやい

adjective (keiyoushi)

early

痛い

いたい

adjective (keiyoushi)

painful

白い

しろい

adjective (keiyoushi)

white

安い

やすい

adjective (keiyoushi)

cheap; inexpensive; peaceful; quiet; gossipy; thoughtless

面白い

おもしろい

adjective (keiyoushi)

interesting; amusing

遠い

とおい

adjective (keiyoushi)

far; distant

美味しい

おいしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

delicious; tasty

忙しい

いそがしい; せわし い

adjective (keiyoushi)

busy; irritated

詰らない

つまらない

adjective (keiyoushi)

insignificant; boring; trifling

近い

ちかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

near; close by; short

Extra Info

kana alone

kana alone

1

甘い

あまい

adjective (keiyoushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

generous; indulgent; easy-going; sweet; fond of; soft on; overly optimistic; naive

望ましい

のぞましい

adjective (keiyoushi)

desirable; hoped for

面白い

おもしろい

adjective (keiyoushi)

interesting; amusing

怖い

こわい

adjective (keiyoushi)

scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful

丸い

まるい

adjective (keiyoushi)

round; circular; spherical

喜ばしい

よろこばしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

delightful; joyous; happy

恐ろしい

おそろしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

terrible; dreadful

近い

ちかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

near; close by; short

太い

ふとい

adjective (keiyoushi)

fat; thick

薄い

うすい

adjective (keiyoushi)

thin; weak; watery; diluted

生生しい

なまなましい

adjective (keiyoushi)

lively; green; fresh; raw

軟らかい

やわらかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

soft; tender; limp

疑わしい

うたがわしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

doubtful; questionable; uncertain; disputable; suspicious

凝った

こった

adjective (keiyoushi)

elaborate; exquisite; tasty; refined; artistic

黒っぽい

くろっぽい

adjective (keiyoushi)

dark; blackish

手堅い

てがたい

adjective (keiyoushi)

steady; firm; solid; secure

暖い

あたたかい; あった かい

adjective (keiyoushi)

warm; mild; genial

快い

こころよい

adjective (keiyoushi)

pleasant; agreeable

名高い

なだかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

famous; celebrated; well-known

激しい

はげしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

violent; vehement; intense; furious; tempestuous

言うまでもない

いうまでもない

adjective (keiyoushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

it goes without saying; there is no need to say so, but of course; it is needless to say; it need scarcely be said

手痛い

ていたい

adjective (keiyoushi)

severe; hard

深い

ふかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

deep; profound; thick; close

懐かしい

なつかしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

dear; desired; missed

弱い

よわい

adjective (keiyoushi)

weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)

手ごわい

てごわい

adjective (keiyoushi)

difficult; tough; stubborn; redoubtable

小さい

ちいさい

adjective (keiyoushi)

small; little; tiny

真新しい

まあたらしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

brand new

親しい

したしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

intimate; close (e.g., friend)

kana alone

あたたかい

2

辛い

からい

adjective (keiyoushi)

hot (spicy); salty; tough (on someone); adverse; harsh

正しい

ただしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

right; just; correct; righteous; honest; truthful; proper; straightforward; perfect

惜しまない

おしまない

adjective (keiyoushi)

without sparing (effort, funds, etc.)

薄暗い

うすぐらい

adjective (keiyoushi)

dim; gloomy

何気無い

なにげない

adjective (keiyoushi)

casual; unconcerned

似合わしい

にあわしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

well-matched; suitable; becoming

手厚い

てあつい

adjective (keiyoushi)

courteous

重い

おもい

adjective (keiyoushi)

heavy; massive; serious; important; severe; oppressed

碧い

あおい

adjective (keiyoushi)

blue; pale; green; unripe; inexperienced

短かい

みじかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

short

痛ましい

いたましい

adjective (keiyoushi)

pitiful; heartbreaking

四角い

しかくい

adjective (keiyoushi)

square

醜い

みにくい

adjective (keiyoushi)

ugly

八本

はちほん; はっぽん

adjective (keiyoushi)

eight (long cylindrical things)

湿っぽい

しめっぽい

adjective (keiyoushi)

damp; gloomy

小高い

こだかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

slightly elevated

目まぐるしい

めまぐるしい

adjective (keiyoushi)

hectic; bewildering; bustling; dizzy

芳しい

かんばしい; こうば しい

adjective (keiyoushi)

sweet; fragrant; aromatic; savory; savoury

口惜しい

くちおしい; くやし い

adjective (keiyoushi)

regrettable; mortifying; vexing

貴い

とうとい; たっとい

adjective (keiyoushi)

precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred

程遠い

ほどとおい

adjective (keiyoushi)

far off or away

Common na Adjectives Kanji Reading

安全

Kana Reading あんぜん

Part of Speech adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Meaning

Extra Info

safety; security

3

可能

かのう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

possible; practicable; feasible

具体的

ぐたいてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

concrete; tangible; definite

最高

さいこう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

highest; supreme; the most

自然

しぜん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

nature; spontaneous

自由

じゆう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

freedom; liberty; as it pleases you

重要

じゅうよう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

important; momentous; essential; principal; major

新た

あらた

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

new; fresh; novel

積極的

せっきょくてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

positive; active; proactive

大幅

おおはば

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

full width; large scale; drastic

特別

とくべつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

special

反対

はんたい

opposition; resistance; antagonism; adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun hostility; contrast; objection; (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes dissension; reverse; opposite; vice the aux. verb suru versa

必用

ひつよう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

necessary; essential; indispensable

不況

ふきょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

recession; depression; slump

平和

へいわ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

peace; harmony

明らか

あきらか

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

obvious; evident; clear; plain

安定

あんてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes stability; equilibrium the aux. verb suru

確実

かくじつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

certainty; reliability; soundness

簡短

かんたん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

simple

危険

きけん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

danger; peril; hazard

共通

きょうつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun commonness; community (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

緊急

きんきゅう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

urgent; pressing; emergency

健康

けんこう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

health; sound; wholesome

公式

こうしき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

formula; formality; official

国際的

こくさいてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

international

主要

しゅよう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

chief; main; principal; major

4

充分

じゅうぶん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

plenty; enough; sufficient; satisfactory; adequate; division into ten; perfect; thorough; fully; in full

深刻

しんこく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

serious

正式

せいしき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

due form; official; formality

正常

せいじょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

normalcy; normality; normal

大切

たいせつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

important; valuable; worthy of care

大変

たいへん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

serious; grave; dreadful; terrible; immense; enormous; difficult; hard

直接

ちょくせつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

direct; immediate; personal; firsthand

同様

どうよう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

identical; equal to; same (kind); like

独自

どくじ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

original; peculiar; characteristic

独立

どくりつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun independence (e.g., Ind. Day); self(common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes support the aux. verb suru

非常

ひじょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

emergency; extraordinary; unusual

不安

ふあん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

anxiety; uneasiness; insecurity; suspense

不足

ふそく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun insufficiency; shortage; deficiency; (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes lack; dearth the aux. verb suru

不満

ふまん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

dissatisfaction; displeasure; discontent; complaints; unhappiness; disgruntled

不明

ふめい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

unknown; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous; ignorant; lack of wisdom; anonymous; unidentified

普通

ふつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

generally; ordinarily; usually; train that stops at every station

豊か

ゆたか

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

abundant; wealthy; plentiful; rich

本当

ほんとう; ほんと

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

truth; reality

名誉

めいよ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

honor; honour; credit; prestige

明確

めいかく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

clear up; clarify; define

有効

ゆうこう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

validity; availability; effectiveness

有力

ゆうりょく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

influence; prominence; potent

確か

たしか

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

certain; sure; definite; if I'm not mistaken; if I remember correctly

活溌

かっぱつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

vigor; vigour; active; lively

5

基本的

きほんてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

fundamental; standard; basic

急

きゅう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

urgent; sudden; steep

急速

きゅうそく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

rapid (e.g., progress)

現金

げんきん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

cash; ready money; mercenary; self-interested

公的

こうてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

public; official

公明

こうめい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

fairness; justice

好調

こうちょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

favourable; favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape

合同

ごうどう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

combination; incorporation; union; amalgamation; fusion; congruence

最低

さいてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

least; lowest; worst; nasty; disgusting; horrible; yuck!

残念

ざんねん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

deplorable; bad luck; regret; disappointment

重大

じゅうだい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

serious; important; grave; weighty

政治的

せいじてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

political

相当

そうとう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

suitable; fair; tolerable; proper; extremely

多様

たよう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

diversity; variety

大規模

だいきぼ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

large-scale

大形

おおがた

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

large; large scale; big; jumbo

大量

たいりょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

large quantity

当然

とうぜん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

naturally; as a matter of course

特定

とくてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes specific; special; particular the aux. verb suru

微妙

びみょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

delicate; subtle; sensitive; difficult; delicate (situation); complicated; doubtful; questionable; dicey

複雑

ふくざつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

complexity; complication

本格的

ほんかくてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

full-blown; regular; genuine; earnest; normal; typical; fundamental; real

味

あじ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

flavor; flavour; taste

有名

ゆうめい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

fame

最終的

さいしゅうてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

finally

圧倒的

あっとうてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun

overwhelming

6

(common) (futsuumeishi)

意外

いがい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

unexpected; surprising

異例

いれい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

exception; illness; singular; exceptional; unprecedented

遺伝子

いでんし

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

gene; genetic

楽しみ

たのしみ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

enjoyment; pleasure

完全

かんぜん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

perfection; completeness

貴重

きちょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

precious; valuable

巨額

きょがく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

great sum

巨大

きょだい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

huge; gigantic; enormous

強硬

きょうこう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

firm; vigorous; unbending; unyielding; strong; stubborn

強力

きょうりょく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

powerful; strong

高級

こうきゅう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

high class; high grade

骨

ほね

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

bone

困難

こんなん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

difficulty; distress

自動

じどう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

automatic; self-motion

実質的

じっしつてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

substantially

柔軟

じゅうなん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

flexible; lithe

順調

じゅんちょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

favourable; favorable; doing well; O.K.; all right

症

しょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun, used as a suffix

illness

心配

しんぱい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes worry; concern; anxiety; care the aux. verb suru

世界的

せかいてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

global; international; world-famous

真面

まとも

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

the front; honesty; uprightness; direct

絶対

ぜったい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

absolute; unconditional; absoluteness

全面的

ぜんめんてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

all-out; general; over-all; complete; extensive; full-scale

大き

おおき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

big; large

kana alone

kana alone

7

Common Godan Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

言う

いう; ゆう

to say

行なう

おこなう

to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out

使わす

つかわす

to send; to dispatch; to despatch

呼ぶ

よぶ

to call out; to invite

使う

つかう

to use; to handle; to manipulate; to employ; to need; to want; to spend; to consume; to speak (English); to practise (fencing); to practice (fencing); to take (one's lunch); to circulate (bad money)

知る

しる

to know; to understand; to be acquainted with; to feel

訪う

とう

to ask; to question; to inquire; to charge (i.e. with a crime); to accuse; to care (about); without regard to (with negative verb)

択ぶ

えらぶ

to choose; to select

想う

おもう

to think; to feel

出す

だす

to take out; to get out; to put out; to submit (e.g., thesis); to turn in; to publish; to make public; to send (e.g., letter); to start (fire)

迫る

せまる

to draw near; to press

変る

かわる

to change; to be transformed; to vary; to be revised; to be different; to move location

優る

まさる

to excel; to surpass; to outrival

許す

ゆるす

to permit; to allow; to approve; to exempt (from fine); to excuse (from); to confide in; to forgive; to pardon; to excuse; to release; to let off

盛り込む

もりこむ

to incorporate; to include

聞かす

きかす

to inform about; to read to; to sing for

造る

つくる

to make; to create; to manufacture; to draw up; to write; to compose; to build; to coin; to cultivate; to organize; to organise; to establish; to make up (a face); to trim (a tree); to fabricate; to prepare (food); to commit (sin); to construct

遺す

のこす

to leave (behind, over); to bequeath; to save; to reserve

限る

かぎる

to restrict; to limit; to confine

在る

ある

to live; to be

示す

しめす

to denote; to show; to point out; to indicate

贈る

おくる

to send; to give to; to award to; to confer on

奪う

うばう

to snatch away; to dispossess

追い込む

おいこむ

to herd; to corner; to drive

追う

おう

to chase; to run after

運ぶ

はこぶ

to transport

欠かす

かかす

to miss (doing); to fail (to do)

Extra Info

transitive verb

kana alone (irregular verb)

8

殺す

ころす

to kill

失う

うしなう

to lose; to part with

取る

とる

to take; to pick up; to harvest; to e; arn; to choose

送る

おくる

to send (a thing); to dispatch; to despatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to spend a period of time; to live a life

打つ

うつ; ぶつ

to hit; to strike

抛る

ほうる

to let go; to abandon; to leave undone; to throw; to toss; to fling

包む

くるむ; つつ む

to wrap up; to tuck in; to pack; to do up; to cover with; to dress in; to conceal; to hide; to be engulfed in; to be enveloped by

囲む

かこむ

to surround; to encircle

巻込む

まきこむ

to roll up; to involve; to enfold; to swallow up; to drag into

持ち込む

もちこむ

to lodge; to take something into ..; to bring in

襲う

おそう

to attack

生る

なる

to bear fruit

押す

おす

to push; to press; to stamp (i.e. a passport)

結ぶ

むすぶ

to tie; to bind; to link

見込む

みこむ

to anticipate; to estimate

見送る

みおくる

to see off; to farewell; to escort; to let pass; to wait and see; to let a pitch go by (baseball); to watch a batted ball go into the stands

見舞う

みまう

to ask after (health); to visit

高まる

たかまる

to rise; to swell; to be promoted

合う

あう

to fit; to suit; to agree with; to match; to be ; correct; to be profitable

支払う

しはらう

to pay

持つ

もつ

to hold; to carry; to possess

相次ぐ

あいつぐ

to follow in succession

売る

うる

to sell

頼む

たのむ

to request; to beg; to ask

流す

ながす

to drain; to float; to shed (blood, tears); to cruise (e.g., taxi)

及ぶ

およぶ

to reach; to come up to; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to match; to equal

繰り返す

くりかえす

to repeat; to do something over again

語らう

かたらう

to talk; to tell; to recite; to pledge; to conspire with

語る

かたる

to talk; to tell; to recite

守る

まもる

to protect; to obey; to guard; to abide (by the rules)

transitive verb

9

盗む

ぬすむ

to steal

黙る

だまる

to be silent

記す

しるす

to note; to write down

言い渡す

いいわたす

to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order

走る

はしる

to run

断わる

ことわる

to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)

買う

かう

to buy

物語る

ものがたる

to tell; to indicate

誘う

さそう

to invite; to call out

殴る

なぐる

to strike; to hit

切らす

きらす

to be out of; to run out of; to be short of; to be out of stock

切る

きる

to cut; to chop; to hash; to carve; to saw; to clip; to shear; to slice; to strip; to fell; to cut down; to punch; to sever (connections); to pause; to break off; to disconnect; to turn off; to hang up; to cross (a street); to discount; to sell below cost

争う

あらそう

to dispute; to argue; to be at variance; to compete

打ち出す

うちだす

to begin; to beat; to end; to close; to set out (forth); to work out; to hammer out

渡す

わたす

to pass over; to hand over

募る

つのる

to invite; to solicit help, participation, etc.

満たす

みたす

to fill (e.g., a cup); to satisfy; to ingratiate; to fulfill

話し合う

はなしあう

to discuss; to talk together

掩う

おおう

to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise

終わる

おわる

to finish; to close

見つかる

みつかる

to be found; to be discovered

辞す

じす

to resign; to leave post

相手取る

あいてどる

to take on an opponent; to challenge

隠す

かくす

to hide; to conceal

競る

せる

to compete; to bid; to sell at auction

叫ぶ

さけぶ

to shout; to cry

撃つ

うつ

to attack; to defeat; to destroy

見直す

みなおす

to look again; to get a better opinion of

持ち越す

もちこす

to carry over; to carry forward; to keep (for later); to defer

受取る

うけとる

to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand

kana alone

10

飾る

かざる

to decorate; to ornament; to adorn

親しむ

したしむ

to be intimate with; to befriend

組み込む

くみこむ

to insert; to include; to cut in (printing)

読む

よむ

to read

悩ます

なやます

to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest

縛る

しばる

to tie; to bind

飛び出す

とびだす

to jump out; to rush out; to fly out; to appear suddenly; to protrude; to project

望む

のぞむ

to desire; to wish for; to see; to command (a view of)

落ち込む

おちこむ

to fall into; to feel down (sad)

生かす

いかす

to revive; to resuscitate; to make use of

絞る

しぼる

to press; to wring; to squeeze

謀る

はかる; たばか to plot; to attempt; to plan; to take in; to deceive; to devise; to design; to refer A to B る

競り合う

せりあう

to struggle for; to compete with; to vie with

Common Ichidan Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

較べる

くらべる

to compare; to calibrate

挙げる

あげる

to raise; to fly; to give (an example)

活きる

いきる

to live; to exist

抑える

おさえる

to check; to curb; to suppress; to control; to arrest

分ける

わける

to divide; to separate; to make distinctions; to differentiate (between)

離れる

はなれる

to be separated from; to leave; to go away; to be a long way off

応じる

おうじる

to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for

努める

つとめる

to serve; to fill a post; to serve under; to work (for); to exert oneself; to endeavor; to endeavour; to be diligent; to play (the part of)

控える

ひかえる

to draw in; to hold back; to make notes; to be temperate in

終える

おえる

to finish

訪ねる

たずねる

to visit

追いかける

おいかける; おっか ける

to chase or run after someone; to run down; to pursue

応える

こたえる

to respond; to answer; to strike home; to take its toll; to reward

下げる

さげる

to hang; to lower; to move back; to wear; to dismiss; to grant

Extra Info

11

掲げる

かかげる

to publish; to print; to carry (an article); to put up; to hang out; to hoist; to fly (a sail); to float (a flag)

受け止める

うけとめる

to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take

集める

あつめる

to collect; to assemble

低める

ひくめる

to lower; to be lowered

広げる

ひろげる

to spread; to extend; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; to broaden; to unfold; to open; to unroll

合わせる

あわせる

to join together; to be opposite; to face; to unite; to combine; to connect; to add up; to mix; to match; to overlap; to compare; to check with

受入れる

うけいれる

to accept; to receive

崩れる

くずれる

to collapse; to crumble

抱える

かかえる

to hold or carry under or in the arms

押さえる

おさえる

to stop; to restrain; to seize; to repress; to suppress; to press down

感じる

かんじる

to feel; to sense; to experience

寄せる

よせる

to come near; to let someone approach; to collect; to gather; to add; to put aside

強める

つよめる

to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise

備える

そなえる

to furnish; to provide for; to equip; to install; to have ready; to prepare for; to possess; to have; to be endowed with; to be armed with

堅める

かためる

to harden; to freeze; to fortify

攻める

せめる

to attack; to assault

重ねる

かさねる

to pile up; to put something on another; to heap up; to add; to repeat

埋める

うめる

to bury; to fill up (e.g., audience fills a hall); to fill (a seat, a vacant position); to plug gaps; to stop a gap; to make amends; to cover up for something; to put cold water in a bath

浴びる

あびる

to bathe; to bask in the sun; to shower

打ち留める

うちとめる

to kill; to slay; to shoot to death; to bring down (bird)

考える

かんがえる

to consider; to think about

高める

たかめる

to raise; to lift; to boost

倒れる

たおれる

to collapse; to break down; to go bankrupt; to fall; to drop; to die; to succumb to; to fall senseless; to be ruined; to have a bad debt

当てる

あてる

to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g., patch); to allot; to call on someone (e.g.; , in class); to guess (an answer); to make a hit (e.g., in a lottery)

落る

おちる

to fall down; to drop; to fail (e.g., exam); to crash; to degenerate; to degrade

降りる

おりる

to alight (e.g., from bus); to get off; to descend (e.g., a mountain)

速める

はやめる

to hasten; to quicken; to expedite; to precipitate; to accelerate

分かれる

わかれる

to branch off; to diverge from; to fork; to split; to dispense; to scatter; to divide into

transitive verb

transitive verb

12

検める

あらためる

to change; to alter; to reform; to revise

怺える

こらえる; こたえる; たえる

to bear; to stand; to endure; to put up with; to support; to withstand; to resist; to brave; to be fit for; to be equal to

深める

ふかめる

to deepen; to heighten; to intensify

超える

こえる

to exceed; to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of)

載せる

のせる

to place on (something); to take on board; to give a ride; to let (one) take part; to impose on; to record; to mention; to load (luggage); to publish; to run (an ad)

出る

でる

to appear; to come forth; to leave

転じる

てんじる

to turn; to shift; to alter; to distract

暮れる

くれる

to get dark; to end; to come to an end; to close; to run out

脹れる

ふくれる

to get cross; to get sulky; to swell (out); to expand; to be inflated; to distend; to bulge

凝める

みつめる

to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on

取りまとめる

とりまとめる

to collect; to arrange; to settle

借りる

かりる

to borrow; to have a loan; to hire; to rent; to buy on credit

着る

きる

to wear; to put on (from shoulders down)

預け入れる

あずけいれる

to make a deposit

経る

へる

to pass; to elapse; to experience

見る

みる

to see; to watch; (as an auxiliary verb) to try

漬ける

つける

to soak; to moisten; to pickle

位置付ける

いちづける; いちず ける

to place (in relation to the whole); to rank; to position; to locate

煮る

にる

to boil; to cook

transitive verb

出来る

できる

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at; to be permitted (to do); to become intimate; to take up (with somebody); to grow; to be raised

kana alone

寝る

ねる

to go to bed; to lie down; to sleep

定める

さだめる

to decide; to establish; to determine

逃げる

にげる

to escape; to run away

併せる

あわせる

to unite; to put together

恐れる

おそれる

to fear; to be afraid of

引き揚げる

ひきあげる

to withdraw; to leave; to pull out; to retire

引下げる

ひきさげる

to pull down; to lower; to reduce; to withdraw

洗い上げる

あらいあげる

to finish washing; to wash well; to investigate thoroughly

transitive verb

kana alone

13

見える

みえる

to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to appear

見極める

みきわめる

to see through; to probe; to make sure of

呼び掛ける

よびかける

to call out to; to accost; to address (crowd); to appeal

交える

まじえる

to mix; to converse with; to cross (swords)

受ける

うける

to undertake; to accept; to take (lesson, test, damage); to undergo; to experience; to catch (e.g., a ball); to become popular

出迎える

でむかえる

to meet; to greet

燃える

もえる

to burn

問い合わせる

といあわせる

to enquire; to inquire; to seek information

連れる

つれる

to lead; to take (a person)

驚かされる

おどろかされる

to be surprised

苦しめる

くるしめる

to torment; to harass; to inflict pain

慌てる

あわてる

to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised)

始める

はじめる

to start; to begin

唱える

となえる

to recite; to chant; to call upon

乗り越える

のりこえる

to climb over; to ride across; to surmount

申し上げる

もうしあげる

to say; to tell; to state

数える

かぞえる

to count

先 駆ける

さきがける

to be the first

告げる

つげる

to inform

強いる

しいる

to force; to compel; to coerce

禁じる

きんじる

to prohibit

薄れる

うすれる

to fade; to become dim

乱れる

みだれる

to get confused; to be disordered; to be disturbed

行き過ぎる

いきすぎる

to go too far; to go to extremes

待たせる

またせる

to keep (a person) waiting

据える

すえる

to set (table); to lay (foundation); to place (gun); to apply (moxa)

待ち受ける

まちうける

to await; to expect

塗り替える

ぬりかえる

to repaint

投じる

とうじる

to throw; to cast; to invest

transitive verb

14

Common Suru Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

本格化

ほんかくか

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt

接する

せっする

suru verb - special class

to come in contact with; to touch; to connect (with); to attend (to); to receive (visitors)

要する

ようする

suru verb - special class

to demand; to require; to take

逆転勝ち

ぎゃくてんがち

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

winning after defeat seems certain; coming from behind to win

愛する

あいする

suru verb - special class

to love

嘱する

ぞくする

suru verb - special class

to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to

制する

せいする

suru verb - special class

to control; to command; to get the better of

課する

かする

suru verb - special class

to impose

即する

そくする

suru verb - special class

to conform to; to agree with; to be adapted to; to be based on

達する

たっする

suru verb - special class

to reach; to get to

擁する

ようする

suru verb - special class

to have; to possess

決する

けっする

suru verb - special class

to decide; to determine

徹する

てっする

suru verb - special class

to sink in; to penetrate; to devote oneself; to believe in; to go through; to do intently and exclusively

資する

しする

suru verb - special class

to contribute; to finance

喫する

きっする

suru verb - special class

to take; to drink; to suffer (e.g., defeat); to receive a blow

出どころ

しゅっしょ; でどこ ろ; でどこ

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

birthplace; origin; source; authority; release (discharge) from prison; exit; point of departure; time to take action

揺す る

ゆする; ゆる

Godan verb with 'ru' ending; noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing

欲する

ほっする

suru verb - special class

to want; to desire

称する

しょうする

suru verb - special class

to take the name of; to call oneself; to pretend; to feign; to purport

表する

ひょうする

suru verb - special class

to express; to show

脱する

だっする

suru verb - special class

to escape from; to get out

発する

はっする

suru verb - special class

to fire (a gun); to emit; to gi; ve forth

題する

だいする

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

to be titled (e.g., a book); to be named

科する

かする

suru verb - special class

to inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)

反する

はんする

suru verb - special class

to be inconsistent with; to oppose; to contradict; to transgress; to rebel

罰する

ばっする

suru verb - special class

to punish; to penalize; to penalise

15

有する

ゆうする

suru verb - special class

to own; to be endowed with

熱する

ねっする

suru verb - special class

to heat

液状化

えきじょうか

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

liquefaction; liquefy

会する

かいする

suru verb - special class

to meet; to assemble; to mediate

処する

しょする

suru verb - special class

to manage; to deal with; to cope with

化する

かする

suru verb - special class

to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)

画する

かくする

suru verb - special class

to draw; to demarcate; to mark; to divide; to map out

価する

あたいする

suru verb - special class

to be worth; to deserve; to merit

害する

がいする

suru verb - special class

to injure; to damage; to harm; to kill; to hinder

察する

さっする

suru verb - special class

to guess; to sense; to presume; to judge; to sympathize with; to sympathise with

類する

るいする

suru verb - special class

to be similar to

面する

めんする

suru verb - special class

to face on; to look out on to

介する

かいする

suru verb - special class

to worry; to mind; to care

屈する

くっする

suru verb - special class

to yield; to bend; to be daunted; to shrink

対する

たいする

suru verb - special class

to face; to confront; to oppose

逸する

いっする

suru verb - special class

to lose (a chance); to miss ; (a chance); to deviate; to forget

適する

てきする

suru verb - special class

to fit; to suit

解する

かいする

suru verb - special class

to interpret; to understand; to appreciate

恋する

こいする

suru verb - special class

to fall in love with; to love

比する

ひする

suru verb - special class

to compare

関する

かんする

suru verb - special class

to concern; to be related

入交

いりまじり

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

mixing with; being mixed

留飲

りゅういん

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

gloating; satisfaction

失する

しっする

suru verb - special class

to lose; to miss; to forget; to be excessive

際する

さいする

suru verb - special class

to arrive; to come to pass

服する

ふくする

suru verb - special class

to be subject to; to submit to; to obey; to abide by; to serve, e.g., in the army, or a sentence in jail (gaol); to observe, e.g., mourning

薫蒸

くんじょう

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

fumigation; smoking

Essentials: Time and Date

16

Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

月曜日

げつようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Monday

火曜日

かようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Tuesday

水曜日

すいようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Wednesday

木曜日

もくようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Thursday

金曜日

きんようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Friday

土曜日

どようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Saturday

日曜日

にちようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Sunday

平日

へいじつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

weekday; ordinary days

週末

しゅうまつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

weekend

一月

いちがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

January

二月

にがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

February

三月

さんがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

March

四月

しがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

April

五月

ごがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

May

六月

ろくがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

June

八月

はちがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

August

九月

くがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

September

十月

じゅうがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

October

十一月

じゅういちがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

November

十二月

じゅうにがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

December

週

しゅう

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

week

一週間

いっしゅうかん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

one week

今週

こんしゅう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

this week

先週

せんしゅう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

last week; the week before

毎週

まいしゅう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

every week

来週

らいしゅう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

next week

週間

しゅうかん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

week; weekly

Extra Info

17

今日

きょう; こんにち

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

today; this day

本日

ほんじつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

today

一昨日

いっさくじつ; おとつ い; おととい

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

day before yesterday

昨日

きのう; さくじつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

yesterday

明日

あした; あす; みょうに ち

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

tomorrow

明後日

あさって; みょうごに ち

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

day after tomorrow

今朝

けさ; こんちょ; う

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

this morning

朝

あさ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

morning

毎朝

まいあさ; まいちょう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

every morning

午后

ごご

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

afternoon; p.m.; pm

毎日

まいにち

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

every day

一時

いちじ; いっとき

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

one hour; 1 o'clock; short time; once; a time; temporarily; at one time;

午前

ごぜん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

morning; a.m.

夜

よる

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

evening; night

夕

ゆう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun, used as a suffix; noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

evening

夕方

ゆうがた

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

evening

晩

ばん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

evening

夜中

よなか

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

midnight; dead of night

今夜

こんや

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

this evening; tonight

前夜

ぜんや

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

last night; the previous night

明夜

みょうや

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

tomorrow night

時間

じかん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

time

昨年

さくねん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

last year

来年

らいねん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

next year

今年

ことし; こんねん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

this year

年間

ねんかん

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

year

18

一年間

いちねんかん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

(period of) one year

時

とき

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

time; hour; occasion; moment

時半

じはん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

about an hour; short time

昼

ひる

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

noon; daytime

正午

しょうご

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

noon; mid-day

零時

れいじ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

12 o'clock (midnight)

深夜

しんや

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

late at night

何時

なんじ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

what time?

春

はる

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

spring

冬

ふゆ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

winter

秋

あき

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

autumn; fall

夏

なつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

summer

夏休み

なつやすみ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

summer vacation; summer holiday

休日

きゅうじつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

holiday; day off

前年

ぜんねん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

the preceding year; last year

去年

きょねん; こぞ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

last year

再来年

さらいねん

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

year after next

kana alone

Essentials: Directions, Amounts, and Degrees Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

北

きた

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

North

東

ひがし

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

east

南

みなみ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

South; proceeding south

西

にし

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

west

北西

ほくせい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

northwest

北東

きたひがし; ほくとう

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

northeast

南西

なんせい; み なみにし

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

southwest

Extra Info

19

左

ひだり

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

left hand side

右

みぎ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

right hand side; above; afore-mentioned; foregoing; forgoing

前

まえ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

before; in front; fore part; ago; previously; head (of a line); in the presence of; lady (so-and-so); (five minutes) to; helping; portion

後

あと

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

after; behind; later; rear; remainder; successor

後

うしろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

back; behind; rear

上

うえ

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

above; over; on top of; up; upper part; summit; surface; far better; higher; (in) authority; as far as .. is concerned; besides; after; emperor; sovereign; upon (examination); influence of (liquor); lord; shogun; superior; my dear (father)

下

した

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

under; below; beneath

隣

となり

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

next to; next door to

表

おもて

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

surface; front; right side; face; exterior; outside; the street; mat covers; head (of a coin); first half (of an innings)

真っ直ぐ

ますぐ; まっ すぐ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

straight (ahead); direct; upright; erect; honest; frank

少し

すこし

adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

small quantity; little; few; something; little while; short distance

沢山

たくさん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

many; a lot; much

kana alone

可也

かなり

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi)

considerably; fairly; quite

kana alone

迚も

とても; とっ ても

adverb (fukushi)

very; awfully; exceedingly

kana alone

余り

あまり; あん まり

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

not very (this form only used as adverb); not much; remainder; rest; remnant; surplus; balance; excess; remains; scraps; residue; fullness; other; too much

kana alone

全然

ぜんぜん

adverb (fukushi)

wholly; entirely; completely; not at all (with neg. verb)

許り

ばかり; ばっ かり

approximately; just; only; merely; nothing but

普通

ふつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

随分

ずいぶん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

extremely

偶に

たまに

adverb (fukushi)

occasionally; once in a while

大抵

たいてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

usually; generally

大変

たいへん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

serious; grave; dreadful; terrible; immense; enormous; difficult; hard

generally; ordinarily; usually; train that stops at every station

うしろ

おもて

kana alone

20

多分

たぶん

adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

perhaps; probably

度度

たびたび

adverb (fukushi)

often; repeatedly; frequently

中中

なかなか

adverb (fukushi)

very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather; by no means (with negative verb)

皆

みな; みんな

adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

all; everyone; everybody

全部

ぜんぶ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

all; entire; whole; altogether

凡て

すべて

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

all; the whole; entirely; in general; wholly

kana alone

Essentials: Who, What, When, Where Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

Extra Info

誰

だれ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

who

kana alone

何

なに; なん

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

what

なに

何時

いつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

when; how soon

kana alone

何処

どこ; いずく; いず こ; どこいら

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

where; what place

kana alone どこ

誰でも

だれでも

conjunction

anyone; anybody; whoever

kana alone

何でも

なんでも

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

by all means; everything

何処でも

どこでも

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

anywhere

どうした

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)

what's the matter?; what's wron; g?

何で

なんで

adverb (fukushi)

Why?; What for?

如何して

どうして

adverb (fukushi); interjection (kandoushi)

why?; for what reason; how; in kana what way; for what purpose; what alone for

何時まで

いつまで

adverb (fukushi)

how long?; till when?

何時頃

いつごろ

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

about when; how soon

何の位

どのくらい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

how long; how far; how much

何時から

いつから

Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

since when; how long

今

いま

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately; (one) more

今迄

いままで

adverb (fukushi)

until now; so far; up to the present

今に

いまに

adverb (fukushi)

before long; even now

kana alone

kana alone

kana alone

21

此処

ここ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

here; this place

kana alone

惟

これ

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

this

kana alone

其れ

それ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

it; that

kana alone

あれ

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

that; that thing; genitals; menses

あっち

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

over there

彼の

あの

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)

that over there

kana alone

其方

そちら

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

over there; the other

kana alone

其の

その

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)

the; that

kana alone

此の

この

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi); interjection (kandoushi)

this

kana alone

何方

どなた

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

who?

あの人

あのひと

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

he; she; that person

彼

かれ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

he; boyfriend

彼女

かのじょ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

she; girl friend; sweetheart

何か

なにか

Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

something

何も

なにも

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

nothing

何度

なんど

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

how many times?; how often?

何とか

なんとか

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

somehow; anyhow; one way or another

どんな

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

what; what kind of

誰か

だれか

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

someone; somebody

kana alone

誰も

だれも

conjunction

everyone; anyone; no-one (with neg. verb)

kana alone

其処

そこ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

that place; there

kana alone

くらい; ぐらい

頃

けい; ころ; ごろ

approximately adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

time; about; toward; approximately (time)

kana alone

Shapes & Colors Kanji Reading

色

Kana Reading いろ

Part of Speech noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Meaning colour; color; sensuality; lust

22

赤い

あかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

red

青

あお

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

blue; green; green light

白

しろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

white

黒

くろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

black; dark

水色

みずいろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

light blue

茶色

ちゃいろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

light brown; tawny

灰色

はいいろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

grey; gray; ashen

緑色

みどりいろ; りょく しょく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

green

黄色

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives きいろ; こうしょく; (keiyodoshi); noun (common) おうしょく (futsuumeishi)

yellow

紫

むらさき

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

purple colour; purple color; violet; type of soy sauce

ピンク

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

pink

銀色

ぎんいろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

silver (color, colour)

鼠

ねずみ; ねず

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

mouse; rat; dark gray; dark grey; slate (color, colour)

無色

むしょく

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

colourless; colorless; achromatic

橙色

だいだいいろ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

orange-colored; orange-coloured

形

かたち

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

form; shape; figure; type

方形

ほうけい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

square

長方形

ちょうほうけい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

rectangle; oblong

三角形

さんかくけい; さん かっけい

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

triangle

三角

さんかく

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

triangle; triangular

四角い

しかくい

adjective (keiyoushi)

square

長四角

ながしかく

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

rectangle

丸い

まるい

adjective (keiyoushi)

round; circular; spherical

立方体

りっぽうたい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

cube

線

せん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

line (also telephone, railway); wire; beam

球

きゅう; たま

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

globe; sphere; ball

多辺形

たへんけい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

polygon

五辺形

ごへんけい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

pentagon

23

八辺形

はちへんけい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

octagon

無定形

むていけい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

amorphous; shapeless

左側

さそく; ひだりがわ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

left; left (hand) side

右側

うそく; みぎがわ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

right side; right hand

上

うえ

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

above; over; on top of; up; upper part; summit; surface; far better; higher; (in) authority; as far as .. is concerned; besides; after; emperor; sovereign; upon (examination); influence of (liquor); lord; shogun; superior; my dear (father)

下

した

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

under; below; beneath

角

かど

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

corner (e.g., desk, pavement); edge

曲線

きょくせん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

curve

湾曲

わんきょく

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

curve

Talking About Family Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

父

ちち

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

father (familiar)

お父さん

おとうさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

father

母

はは

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

mother (familiar)

母親

ははおや

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

mother

お母さん

おかあさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

mother

父親

ちちおや

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

father

父母

ふぼ; ちちはは

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

father and mother; parents

弟

おと; おとうと; おとと

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

younger brother

兄

あに

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

older brother

弟さん

おとうとさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

younger brother

兄さん

にいさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

older brother

兄弟

きょうだい

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

siblings

妹

いもうと

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

younger sister

姉

あね

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

older sister

妹さん

いもうとさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

younger sister

姉さん

ねえさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

elder sister; waitress; girl

Extra Info

いもうとさん

24

叔父

おじ; しゅくふ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

uncle (younger than one's parent)

伯父

おじ; はくふ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

uncle (older than one's parent)

叔母

おば; しゅくぼ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

aunt (younger than one's parent)

伯母

おば; はくぼ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

aunt (older than one's parent)

祖母

そぼ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

grandmother

お婆さん

おばあさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

grandmother; female seniorcitizen

祖父

そふ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

grandfather

お爺さん

おじいさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

grandfather; male seniorcitizen

叔父さん

おじさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

middle-aged gentleman; uncle

kana alone

小母さん

おばさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

aunt; middle-aged lady; woman; ma'am

kana alone

娘

むすめ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

daughter

御 嬢さん

おじょうさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

daughter; young lady

長男

ちょうなん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

eldest son

息子

むすこ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

son

妻

つま

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

wife

夫人

ふじん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

wife; Mrs; madam

お子さん

おこさん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

(someone else's) child

夫

おっと

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

(my) husband

主

あるじ; しゅじ ん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

master; head (of a household); landlord; one's husband; employer; host

結婚

けっこん

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

marriage

育てる

そだてる

Ichidan verb; transitive verb

to raise; to rear; to bring up

居る

いる

Ichidan verb

to be (animate); to exist

家族

かぞく

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

family; members of a family

おじょうさん

Stores and Buildings (普通名詞) Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

ビル

building; bill

駅

えき

station

事務所

じむしょ

office

25

本社

ほんしゃ

head office; main office; headquarters

支局

しきょく

branch office

支店

してん

branch store (office)

大使館

たいしかん

embassy

美術館

びじゅつかん

art gallery; art museum

博物館

はくぶつかん

museum

図書館

としょかん

library

映画館

えいがかん

movie theatre (theater); cinema

旅館

りょかん

Japanese hotel; inn

公民館

こうみんかん

public hall; community center; community centre

迎賓館

げいひんかん

reception hall

本館

ほんかん

main building

水族館

すいぞくかん

aquarium

領事館

りょうじかん

consulate

屋上

おくじょう

rooftop

料理屋

りょうりや

restaurant

家屋

かおく

house; building

問屋

といや; とんや

wholesale store

借屋

かりや; かりいえ; しゃくや; しゃっか

house for rent; rented house; renting a house

本屋

ほんや

bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building

茶屋

ちゃや

tea house; tea dealer

酒屋

さかや

liquor store

社屋

しゃおく

company office building

八百屋

やおや

greengrocer

魚屋

さかなや

fish market; fish dealer

芝居小屋

しばいごや

playhouse; theatre; theater

米屋

こめや

rice shop; rice dealer

菓子屋

かしや

confectionery shop

靴屋

くつや

shoemaker; shoe store

写真屋

しゃしんや

photo studio; photographer

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薬局

やっきょく

pharmacy; chemist; drugstore

餅屋

もちや

rice cake shop keeper; rice cake store (shop)

土産物屋

みやげものや

souvenir store; gift shop

店屋

みせや

store; shop

電気屋

でん; きや

electric appliance store

家具屋

かぐや

furniture store; furniture dealer

果物屋

くだものや

fruit store

乾物屋

かんぶつや

grocery store

古道具屋

ふるどうぐや

secondhand store

屋

ごふくや

draper; dry-goods store

時計屋

とけいや

watch store; watch dealer

ペット屋

ペットや

pet store

荒物屋

あらものや

variety store

金物屋

かなものや

hardware store or dealer

紙屋

かみや

paper store

食堂

しょくどう

cafeteria; dining hall

講堂

こうどう

auditorium

会堂

かいどう

church; chapel; synagogue; tabernacle

公会堂

こうかいどう

town hall; public hall

殿堂

でんどう

palace; palatial building

金堂

こんどう

main temple structure (sanctuary, hall)

中堂

ちゅうどう

main temple building

音 楽堂

おんがくどう

concert hall

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