Japanese Nihongo First Step

N IH O N G O

G IJU TS U K E N S H Ū N O T A M E N O

(R E V IS E D E D ITIO N )

JAPANESE AN NTEGRATED I CONVERSATIONAL APPROACH SHOKYŪ Elementary

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

TA JR 95-23

N IH O N G O

G IJU TS U K E N S H Ū N O T A M E N O

(R E V IS E D E D ITIO N )

JAPANESE AN NTEGRATED I CONVERSATIONAL APPROACH SHOKYŪ Elementary

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

MOKUJI HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK..................................... X

HIRAGANA................................................................................................... XI KATAKANA ............................................................................................... XII RŌMA-JI ....................................................................................................... XIII USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS ............................................................... XIV CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS ................................................................. XVII OMO NA TŌJŌ JINBUTSU ..................................................................... XVIII 1 . HAJIMEMASHITE.........................................................................................

1

(1) Hajimemashite. (2) Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. (3) Sarimu-san wa sensei ja arimasen. (4) Tanaka-san mo enjinia desu ka. 2 . KORE WA NAN DESU KA. ....................................................................... (1) (2) (3) (4)

11

Kore wa nan desu ka. Nan no ryOri desu ka. Toriniku no ryori wa dore desu ka. Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka.

3. SAKURA DEPĀTO WA DOKO DESU KA. ............................................... (1) Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka.

(2) Kippu-uriba wa asoko desu. (3) Jimusho wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. (4) Ginza made ikura desu ka.

TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK..................................... X

21

HIRAGAXA CHART.................................................................................... X I KATAKANA CHART ................................................................................. X II ROMA-JI CHART .................'...................................................................... X III USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS ............................................................... X IV CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS ................................................................. X V II MAIN CHARACTERS ................................................................................ X V III 1 . HOW DO YOU DO? .....................................................................................

1

(1) How do you do? (2) Mr. Salim is an engineer. (3) Mr. Salim is not a teacher. (4) Is Mr. Tanaka also an engineer? 2. WHAT IS THIS? ...........................................................................................

11

(1) What is this7 (2) What kind of dish is this7

(3) Which are chicken dishes? (4) Whose umbrella is this? 3 . WHERE IS THE SAKURA DEPARTMENT STORE? .............................. (1) (2) (3) (4)

21

Where is the Sakura Department Store? The ticket office is over there. What are the office hours? How much is it to Ginza?

4 . HANBĀGĀ O KUDASAI. ............................................……………………… (1) Hanbāgā o kudasai.

31

(2) Ikutsu desu ka. (3) Kōhii o hitotsu onegai- shimasu. (4) Kamera wa nan-gai desu ka. (5) Ano kamera o misete kudasai. (6) Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. 5 . ITSU NIHON E KIMASHITA KA.

……………………………………………

41

(1) Itsu Ninon e kimashita ka. (2) 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kuni e kaerimasu. (3) Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. (4) Kenshū wa itsu kara desu ka. 6. NANI O SHIMASU KA. ……………………………………………………….…

51

(1) Nani o shimasu ka. (2) Asa shinbun o yomimasu. (3) Nichi-yōbi ni kyōkai e ikimasu. (4) Tokidoki Shinjuku de kaimono o shimasu. (5) Kazoku to issho ni terebi o mimasu. 7 . YOKOHAMA E IKIMASEN KA. ………………………………………………

59

(1) Yokohama e ikimasen ka. (2) Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. (3) 9-ji wa dō desu ka. (4) Doko de aimashō ka. (5) Sentā no denwa - bangō wa nan - ban desu ka. 8 . BYOIN WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA.

…………………………………….…

67

(1) Byōin wa doko ni arimasu ka. (2) Byōin ni kangofu san ga nan-nin imasu ka. (3) Hana ya ki ga takusan arimasu. (4) Watashi wa kodomo ga imasu.

4 . PLEASE GIVE ME SOME HAMBURGERS. ……………………………. 31

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Please give me some hamburgers. How many? One coffee, please. Where can I find cameras? Please show me that camera over there.

(6) Do you have anything cheaper? 5 . WHEN DID YOU COME TO JAPAN' ...................................................... (1) When did you come to Japan? (2) I'm going home on the 21st of December. (3) Where are you going tomorrow? (4) When does your training begin?

41

6. WHAT DO YOU DO? ..................................................................................

51

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

What do you do? I read newspapers in the morning. I go to church on Sundays. Sometimes I go shopping in Shinjuku. I watch television with my family.

7 . WON'T YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME?......................................... 59 (1) Won't you go to Yokohama with me' (2) Because a friend of mine will be coming. (3) How about 9 o'clock? (4) Where shall we meet9 (5) What is the telephone number of your centre' 8 . WHERE IS THE HOSPITAL? .................................................................... (1) Where is your hospital? (2) How many nurses are there in your hospital' (3) There are many flowers and trees. (4) I have a child.

67

9 . ONGAKU GA SUKI DESU. ................................................................................ 77 (1) Watashi wa ongaku ga suki desu. (2) Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. (3) Maria-san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. (4) Nihon no ryōri ga tsukuritai desu. 10. DONNA TOKORO DESU KA. ........................................................................... 85 (1) Bandon wa amari atsuku nai desu. (2) Indoneshia wa atsui kuni desu. (3) Donna tokoro desu ka. (4) Shizuka na tokoro desu. (5) Tōkyō wa do desu ka. (6) Tōkyō wa hito ya kuruma ga ōi desu. 11. KYŌTO WA DŌ DESHITA KA. ........................................................................ 95 (1) Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. (2) Totemo kirei deshita. (3) Ii tenki deshita. (4) Tanoshikatta desu. (5) Asa wa ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa ii tenki deshita. 12. OSHIETE KUDASAI.

......................................................................................... 103

(1) Chotto oshiete kudasai. (2) Dobutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka. (3) Shinjuku kara Ueno made dono gurai desu ka. (4) Soko o massugu itte kudasai. 13. DOKO NI TOMATTE IMASU KA. ..................................................................... 113 (1) Doko ni tomatte imasu ka. (2) Daigaku de jisshū o shite imasu. (3) Bandon ni sunde imasu. (4) Ima terebi o mite imasu.

9. I LIKE MUSIC. ........................................................................................... (1) (2) (3) (4)

77

I like music. What kind of music do you like? Maria, can you use chopsticks? I want to make Japanese food.

10. WHAT KIND OF PLACE IS IT? .................................................................

85

(1) It's not so hot in Bandung. (2) Indonesia is a hot country. (3) What kind of place is i t? (4) It's a quiet place. (5) How do you like Tokyo? (6) Tokyo is full of people and cars. 11. HOW DID YOU LIKE KYOTO? ............................................................... 95 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

How did you like Kyoto? It was very beautiful. The weather was fine. I enjoyed it very much. It rained in the morning but it was fine in the afternoon.

12. PLEASE TELL ME.

................................................................................. 103

(1) Could you tell me, please? (2) How can I get to the zoo9 (3) How far is it from Shinjuku to Ueno? (4) Please go straight ahead there. 13. WHERE ARE YOU STAYING?................................................................... 113 (1) (2) (3) (4)

Where are you staying? I'm having practice at the university. They live in Bandung. Now I'm watching television.

14. DŌ SHITA N DESU KA.

......................................................................... 121

(1) Jisshū o yasundemo ii desu ka.

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Dō shita n desu ka. Atama 'ga itai n desu. lie, mada desu. Mō daijōbu desu. Dō shitara ii desu ka.

15. SHASHIN WA TORANAIDE KUDASAI. .............................................. 129 (1) Shashin wa toranaide kudasai. (2) Ikkagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. (3) Dono gurai Ninon ni imasu ka. (4) Enpitsu o 3-bon kudasai. APPENDICES . PLAIN STYLE SPEECH ................................................................. 141 2 . LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS ....... 143 3 . USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS........................................... 147 4 . CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS .......................................... 156 5. KEIYŌSHI [LIST OF ADJECTIVES] ................................................. 158 6. JOSHI [LIST OF PARTICLES] .....................................…................ 160 7. OMO NA GAKUSHŪ KŌMOKU [LIST OF STUDY POINTS] ........ 161 1

8. SAKUIN [INDEX] ................................................................................. 162

14. WHAT'S THE MATTER? ........................................................................... 121 (1) May I be absent from the practice? (2) What's the matter? (3) I have a headache. (4) No, not yet. (5) I'm all right now. (6) What should I do? 15. PLEASE DO NOT TAKE PICTURES. ..................................................... 129 (1) (2) (3) (4)

Please do not take pictures. How many cars can you produce a month? How long are you going to stay in Japan? Please give me three pencils.

APPENDICES 1 . PLAIN STYLE SPEECH

................................................................... 141 2 . LIST OF NUMBERS. TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS .......... 143 3 . USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS ........................................ 147 4. CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS ............................................ 156 5. LIST OF ADJECTIVES ...................................................................... 158 6. LIST OF PARTICLES .......................................................................... 160 7. LIST OF STUDY POINTS ............................................................... 161 8. INDEX .................................................................................................. 162

HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK This textbook is intended to teach beginners words and expression- they are most likely to come across in daily life. When using this book, please bear in mind the following guidelines: . 2. 3. 4. 1

Listen carefully to the teacher's correct pronunciation in class. Practice speaking aloud in class under the teacher's guidance. During lessons, try to rely as little as possible on looking at the textbook. When reviewing the material on your own, practice speaking aloud. It's important to repeat things over and over again. It's not enough simply to look at the book and work out the meaning of the sentence. Each lesson is made up of the following:

1 . Dialogues. 2 . English translation of the dialogue, and illustrations of the dialogues help you understand the context. 3 . New Words and Expressions. 4 . Grammatical notes. 5

. Exercise. The exercise in each lesson contains the following elements: Substitution drills: Replace the underlined word(s) with other expressions provided. (2) After the drills, imagine situations you will come across and practice by making use of those sentences and expressions. (3) At the end of each lesson, you will be able to express yourself in a short composition by using the sentence patterns and words you have learned in the lesson. (1)

HIRAGANA あ

い

う

え

お

か

き

く

け

こ

きゃ

きゅ きょ

が

ぎ

ぐ

げ

ご

ぎゃ

ぎゅ ぎょ

さ

し

す

せ

そ

しゃ

しゅ しょ

ざ

じ

ず

ぜ

ぞ

じゃ

じゅ じょ

た

ち

つ

て

と

ちゃ

ちゅ ちょ

だ (ぢ) (づ) で

ど

な

に

ぬ

ね

の

にゃ

にゅ にょ

は

ひ

ふ

へ

ほ

ひゃ

ひゅ ひょ

ば

び

ぶ

べ

ぼ

びゃ

びゅ びょ

ぱ

ぴ

ぷ

ぺ

ぽ

ぴゃ

ぴゅ ぴょ

ま

み

む

め

も

みゃ

みゅ みょ

りゃ

りゅ りょ

や ら わ ん

ゆ り

る

よ れ

ろ を

*

The letters in ( seldom used.

) are

KATAKANA ｱ

ｲ

ｳ

ｴ

ｵ

ｶ

ｷ

ｸ

ｹ

ｺ

ｷｬ

ｷｭ

ｷｮ

ｶﾞ

ｷﾞ

ｸﾞ

ｹﾞ

ｺﾞ

ｷﾞｬ

ｷﾞｭ

ｷﾞｮ

ｻ

ｼ

ｽ

ｾ

ｿ

ｼｬ

ｼｭ

ｼｮ

ｻﾞ

ｼﾞ

ｽﾞ

ｾﾞ

ｿﾞ

ｼﾞｬ

ｼﾞｭ

ｼﾞｮ

ﾀ

ﾁ

ﾂ

ﾃ

ﾄ

ﾁｬ

ﾁｭ

ﾁｮ

ﾀﾞ (ﾁﾞ) (ﾂﾞ) ﾃﾞ

ﾄﾞ

ﾅ

ﾆ

ﾇ

ﾈ

ﾉ

ﾆｬ

ﾆｭ

ﾆｮ

ﾊ

ﾋ

ﾌ

ﾍ

ﾎ

ﾋｬ

ﾋｭ

ﾋｮ

ﾊﾞ

ﾋﾞ

ﾌﾞ

ﾍﾞ

ﾎﾞ

ﾋﾞｬ

ﾋﾞｭ

ﾋﾞｮ

ﾊﾟ

ﾋﾟ

ﾌﾟ

ﾍﾟ

ﾎﾟ

ﾋﾟｬ

ﾋﾟｭ

ﾋﾟｮ

ﾏ

ﾐ

ﾑ

ﾒ

ﾓ

ﾐｬ

ﾐｭ

ﾐｮ

ﾘｬ

ﾘｭ

ﾘｮ

ﾔ ﾗ ﾜ ﾝ

ﾕ ﾘ

ﾙ

ﾖ ﾚ

ﾛ (ｦ) *

The letters in ( seldom used.

) are

RŌMA-JI a

i

u

e

o

ka

ki

ku

ke

ko

kya

kyu

kyo

ga

gi

gu

ge

go

gya

gyu

gyo

sa

shi

su

se

so

sha

shu

sho

za

ji

zu

ze

zo

ja

ju

jo

ta

chi

tsu

te

to

cha

chu

cho

da

(ji)

(zu)

de

do

na

ni

nu

ne

no

nya

nyu

nyo

ha

hi

fu

he

ho

hya

hyu

hyo

ba

bi

bu

be

bo

bya

byu

byo

pa

pi

pu

pe

po

pya

pyu

pyo

ma

mi

mu

me

mo

mya

myu

myo

rya

ryu

ryo

ya ra wa n

yu ri

ru

yo re

ro o

[USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS] 1 . Ohayo gozaimasu. Good morning. Can be used up to about 10 a.m. 2 . Konnichiwa. Hello. /Good afternoon. Use this expression after 10 a.m. and during the afternoon. Like many expressions in Japanese, only part of a full sentence is used, the rest being implied by the situation. For instance, "It's nice today, isn't it?" or "It's cold today." In fact, commenting on the weather often substitutes for a more formal greeting, particularly among friends. 3 . Konbanwa. Good evening. Use after around 5 p.m. This expression evolved in the same way as “Konnichiwa". 4 . Sayōnara. Good - bye. This expression is used mainly among close friends or colleagues, or by older people to their juniors. It's never used between members of the same family. 5 . Oyasuminasai. Good night. This is an appropriate expression to use when saying good-bye late at night, either in person or on the telephone. 6 . Dewa, mata. (Ja, mata.) See you. This is often used by close friends or colleagues when parting. It can also be used to say good-bye on the telephone. 7 . Itte rasshai. Good-bye. This is used to say good-bye to someone who is going away and coming back to the same place. For instance, a mother will say it to her children as she sends them off to school. 8 . Itte kimasu. Good-bye. This is what the person going out says to whoever is staying at home. It can also be used when leaving your place of work on a short business trip.

9. Tadaima. I'm back. This is what a member of a family calls out to the rest of the family as soon as getting back home from school, work, shopping, etc. As often happens in Japanese, the verb is left out because the meaning is obvious: "I've come home right now." 10. Okaerinasai. Welcome home. This is the standard way of replying to "Tadaima". 11. Omedeto gozaimasu. Congratulations. 12. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Thank you very much. This is a very polite way of thanking someone. It can be shortened and made more casual by saying "Arigatō gozaimasu" or "Arigatō". An even more casual way of saying "thank you", particularly among friends, is to say simply "Dōmo". 13. Dō itashimashite. You're welcome./Don't mention it. This is a polite way of replying to someone who has either thanked you or apologized for something. A less formal reply is simply "lie". 14. Sumimasen. Excuse me. This expression is used to get someone's attention, to apologize for a minor mistake, or to express appreciation for receiving someone's kindness. 15. Onegai-shimasu. Please./Could you do me a favor? This expression is used when you ask for something to be served or done for you. 16. (O) ki o tsukete. Take care. This is a friendly way of telling someone to take care (not to catch cold, have an accident, etc.). When somebody already has caught a cold or has some other minor illness, the expression to use is "Odaiji ni". 17. Itadakimasu. Thank you. Use this whenever about to start a meal. If you are a guest, it should

be addressed directly to your host as a way of thanks. Even in a group where everyone has paid for his own meal, most people will say "Itadakimasu" before starting to eat. It's also a polite way of thanking someone for a small gift. 18. Gochisosama deshita. Thank you./It was delicious. This is the way to thank your host for a meal after eating. In a coffee shop, if someone insists on paying for your drink, you should say "Gochisōsama deshita" as you leave. You can also use it to thank the waiter in a restaurant. 19. Ogenki de. Look after yourself. This is a friendly way of saying good-bye to someone you don't see very often or who's going away on a trip. It can also be used at the end of a letter to sign off. 20. Ganbatte kudasai. Good luck. Keep up the good work. This expression is used by older people to encourage their junior colleagues in their efforts. 21. Shitsurei-shimasu. Excuse me. This is an extremely useful expression that can be used in a wide variety of situations —when entering a room, when leaving, or when asking someone to move aside. "O-saki ni shitsurei-shimasu" is used when leaving a group of people before everybody else. So in Japanese, this one expression can be used to replace a variety of phrases, such as "May I come in?", "I must be going", and "May I come through7" In the past tense, "Shitsurei-shimashita" is a straightforward apology. 22. O-genki desu ka. How are you? This is not like the greeting in English "How are you?", but rather is used only among people who haven't met for a long time. 23. Daijobu desu. No problems./O.K./All right. Use this when mentioning the condition of one's work, health, etc. 24. Osewa ni narimashita. Thank you for your kindness. This expression is used when a great favor has been granted to you.

[CLASSROOM EXPRESIONS] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14.

15. 16. 17.

18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23.

Hajimemashō. Kiite kudasai. Kurikaeshite kudasai. Itte kudasai. Mō ichi-do. Yukkuri itte kudasai. Issho ni dōzo. Kokuban o mite kudasai. Kaite kudasai. Oboete kudasai. Yonde kudasai. Kotaete kudasai. Wakarimashita ka. Hai, wakarimashita. Iie, wakarimasen. Hon o akete kudasai. Hon o tojite kudasai. A-san ni kiite kudasai. Renshū-shite kudasai. Chotto matte kudasai. Yasumimashō. Kore de owarimasu. li desu. Chigaimasu. Shitsumon ga arimasu.

Let's begin. Please listen. Please repeat (after me). Please say. Once more. Please say it slowly, All together. Please look at the blackboard. Write it down, please, Please memorize it. Please read it. Please answer me. Do you understand? Yes, I do. No, I don't, Open your books, please. Close your books, please. Ask Mr. A, please. Please practice this. Just a moment, please. Let's have a break. Let's stop there, That's fine.

That's incorrect. I have a question.

OMO NA TŌJŌ JINBUTSU I . Kenshūin Sarimu

Indoneshia Enjinia

Mari a

Wan

Mekishiko Kangofu

Chūgoku Kenkyuin II . Nihon-jin Tanak a

Enjinia

Satō

Isha

GIJUTSUKENSHŪ NO TAMN E IH NO O N G O

1

HAJIMEMASHITE. Tanaka : Tanaka Sarimu : Salim

KAIWA Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu

: : : :

Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu

: : : :

Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka

: : :

Sarimu Tanaka

: :

1

Konnichiwa. Konnichiwa. Hajimemashite. Tanaka desu. Hajimemashite. Sarimu dcsu. JICA no kenshūin desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu-san, o-kuni wa? Indoneshia desu. Jakaruta desu ka. Iie, Jakaruta ja arimasen. Bandon desu. Sō desu ka. O-shigoto wa? Enjinia desu. Watashi mo enjinia desu. Kenshū kōsu wa? Konpyūta desu. Sō desu ka.

HOW DO YOU DO?

DIALOGUE Tanaka

:

Hello.

Salim

: : :

Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim

: : : :

Tanaka Salim Tanaka

: : :

Salim Tanaka

: :

Salim Tanaka

Hello. How do you do? I'm Tanaka. How do you do? I'm Salim. I'm a JICA participant. It's nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Salim, where are you from? Indonesia. Jakarta? No, not Jakarta. I'm from Bandung. I see. What is your occupation? I'm an engineer. I'm an engineer, too. What is your training course? Computer. I see.

Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa Hajimemashite. Tanaka Sarimu. Konnichiwa

New Words and Expressions Dialogue How do you do? Tanaka Salim Hello. / Good Afternoon.

-- desu JICA no kenshuin Dōzo yoroshiku -- san (Tanaka-san) o -(o) kuni -- wa Indoneshia Jakaruta -- ka. lie -- ja arimasen Bandon Sō desu ka. (o) shigoto enjinia watashi -- mo kenshū-kōsu konpyūta

Atarashii kotoba Renshu Ohayō gozaimasu. Konbanwa. Oyasuminasai. Sayōnara. Dewa, mata. Wan Maria Chūgoku

be (am / are / is) JICA participant Nice to meet you. Mr. / Mrs. / Miss (Mr. Tanaka) honorific prefix (your) country a particle indicating that the preceding noun is the topic Indonesia Jakarta [a place name in Indonesia] a particle indicating a question No (am / is / are) not Bandung [a place name in Indonesia] I see. (your) occupation engineer I too; also training course computer (In the engineering( field, the form 'konpyūta' is used, but 'konpyūtā' is the form that is generally used.)

New Words and Expressions Exercise Good morning. Good evening. Good night. Good - bye. See you. (The colloquial form of this is 'Ja, mata'.) Wang Maria China

Tai (o) namae isha kyōshi bideo nōgyō kangofu kōmuin sensei kenkyūin Satō Hai, sō desu. Pekin Ejiputo Kairo Bankoku jikoshōkai (Bandon) kara kimashita.

Thailand (your) name medical doctor teacher (when you talk about your own job, 'kyōshi' is used.) video agriculture nurse public official teacher (when you talk about someone else's job, 'sensei' is used.) researcher Sato Yes, I am/you are/he is/etc. Beijing [a place name in China] Egypt Cairo [a place name in Egypt] Bangkok [a place name in Thailand) self introduction I'm from (Bandung).

Kazu [Numbers] 0 1

zero, rei ichi

6 7

roku shichi, nana

2

ni

8

hachi

3 4

san yon, shi

9 10

kyū, ku jū

5

go

Kaisetsu

1.

N1 wa N2 desu.

Notes

Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.]

'wa functions to indicate that the preceding noun is the topic of the sentence, 'desu' is close to the English verb "to be" and can be translated as "am/are/is" depending on the context. 2.

N1 wa N2 desu ja arimasen. Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.] 'ja arimasen' is the negative form of 'desu’, showing that the statement is the negative present tense.

3.

N1 wa N2 desu ka.

Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.]

'ka' added at the end of the sentence makes it into a question. 4.

'Hai' 'Iie’ Q

: N1 wa N2 desu ka.

A

: (1) Hai, N2 desu. / Hai, sō desu. (2) Iie, N2 ja arimasen.

'Hai, sō desu' is an expression used to show agreement, and it can mean "Yes, it is", "Yes, I am", "Yes, that's right", depending on the context. Positive answers Q : Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu ka. A : (1) Hai, enjinia desu. (2) Hai, sō desu.

[Is Mr. Salim an engineer?] [Yes, he is an engineer.] [Yes, he is.]

Negative answers Q : Sarimu-san wa sensei desu ka. A : Iie, sensei ja arimasen.

[Is Mr. Salim a teacher?] [No, he isn't a teacher.]

RENSHŪ

(1 )

A: Ohayō gozaimasu. B: Ohayō gozaimasu. (1) Konnichiwa. (3) Oyasuminasai. (5) Dewa, mata.

(2) Konbanwa (4) Sayōnara.

(1 )

A: Hajimemashite. Tanaka desu. Dōzo yoroshiku.

(2 )

A: O-kuni wa?

(3 )

(4 )

(5 )

B: Hajimemashite. Sarimu desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. (1) Wan (2) Maria

B: Indoneshia desu (1) Chōgoku

(2) Tai

A: O-namae wa? B: Sarimu desu. (1) Maria

(2) Wan

A: O-shigoto wa? B: Enjinia desu. (1) isha

(2) kyōshi

A: Kenshū-kōsu wa? B: Konpyūta desu. (1) bideo

(2) nōgyō

(1 )

Watashi wa enjinia desu.

(1) kangofu (2 )

Sarimu-san wa sensei ja arimasen. (1) isha

(3 )

(2) kōmuin

(2) kenkyūin

Sarimu-san wa kenshūin desu. Watashi mo kenshūin desu. (1) Maria-san

(2) Wan-san



(1 )

(2 )

(3 )

(4

A: Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu ka. B: Hai, enjinia desu. (1) Maria-san / kangofu (3) Satō-san / isha

(2) Wan-san / kenkyūin

A: Maria-san wa kangofu desu ka. B: Hai, sō desu. (1) Sarimu-san / enjinia (3) Satō-san / isha

(2) Wan-san / kenkyūin

A: Maria-san wa isha desu ka. B: Iie, isha ja arimasen. (1) Tanaka-san / kenkyūin (3) Wan-san / enjinia A: Maria-san wa enjinia desu ka.

(2) Satō-san / kangofu

)

B: Iie, enjinia ja arimasen. Kangofu desu. (1) Wan-san / kenkyūin (2) Satō-san / isha

(1 )

Indoneshia no Jakaruta kara kimashita. (1) Chūgoku / Pekin (3) Tai / Bankoku



(2) Ejiputo / Kairo

Jikoshōkai Hajimemashite.

Sarimu desu.

Indoneshia no Bandon kara kimashita. Shigoto wa enjinia desu. Kenshū-kōsu wa konpyūta desu. Dōzo yoroshiku.

2

KORE WA NAN DESU KA. Ueitoresu : Waitress

KAIWA [1] Ueitoresu

:

Sarimu

:

Sarimu Irasshaimase. Menyū desu. Dōzo. Kore wa nan desu ka.

: Salim

Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu

: : : : :

Sarimu

:

Tonkatsu desu. Nan no ryōri desu ka. Butaniku no ryōri desu. Toriniku no ryōri wa dore desu ka. Kore to kore desu. Kore wa oishii desu yo. Ja, kore, onegai-shimasu.

: : :

A, kore wa · · · Watashi no desu. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Dō itashimashite.

[2] Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu

2

WHAT IS THIS?

DIALOGUE [1] Waitress

:

Salim Waitress Salim Waitress Salim Waitress Salim

: : :

[2] Waitress

:

: : :

Hello. Here's a menu for you. What is this? It's tonkatsu. What kind of dish is it? It's a pork dish. Which are chicken dishes? This and this. This one is very good. O.K. Then I'll take this. Oh, is this •••

Salim Waitress

:

It's mine. Thank you very much. You're welcome.

Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa kore nan ueitoresu Irasshaimase. menyū Dōzo. tonkatsu (nan) no ryōri nan no ryōri butaniku toriniku dore A to B oishii

New Words and Expressions Dialogue this what waitress Welcome. menu Here you are. pork cutlet of (what) Cooking; dish; cuisine what sort of cooking / dish pork chicken which A and B delicious

(--desu) yo. ja onegai-shimasu A! —no (watashi no) Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Dō itashimashite.

Atarashii kotoba

a particle for emphasis / suggestion well please; I'll take -Oh! possessive particle (my; mine) Thank you very much. You’re welcome.

New Words and Expressions

Renshū

Exercise

gyūniku tamago sore sukiyaki tenpura sushi sashimi sakana yasai kōhii mizu kasa kamera kagi hon jisho are dare dare no anata

beef egg that one sukiyaki ; beef and vegetable dish tempura; deep fried fish and vegetables sushi; rice dish with raw fish sashimi; sliced raw fish fish vegetable coffee water umbrella camera key book dictionary that one over there who whose you (When addressing superiors, 'anata' is avoided. Instead, the person's surname, title or occupation is used.) No, it is not. Excuse me. Japanese language

Iie, chigaimasu. Sumimasen. Nihon-go

(Nihon-go) de denwa tokei Sā, wakarimasen.

in (Japanese language) telephone watch; clock I'm sorry I don't know.

Kazu [Numbers] 11 12

jū-ichi jū-ni

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

jū-san jū-yon / jū-shi jū-go jū-roku jū-shichi jū-nana jū-hachi jū-kyū / jū-ku ni-jū

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

jū ni-jū san-jū yon-jū / shi-jū go-jū roku-jū shichi-jū nana-jū hachi-jū kyū-jū hyaku

Kaisetsu

1.

kore / sore /are kore this (one)

a thing or things near the speaker

sore

that (one)

a thing or things nearer to the listener than to the speaker

are

that (one) over there

a thing or things located at some distance from both the speaker and the listener

dore which (one)

(an interrogative pronoun)

kore sore wa N desu. are kore sore wa nan desu ka. (1)areKore wa butaniku desu. [This is pork.] 2.

3.

Notes

N wa N wa

kore sore are dore

desu. desu ka.

(1) Kore wa butaniku desu. [This is pork.] (2) Toriniku wa dore desu ka. [Which one is the chicken?]

'na

n' is an interrogative and corresponds to "what" in English. The original form of

(person) no N

'nan' is 'nani'. 4.

'no' is a particle that functions to connect two nouns. N1 wa dare no N2 desu ka. (1)

The

first

noun

modifies the second noun. Nihon-go no hon [a Japanese book]

N wa (person) no desu.

(2) 'no' in this case indicates that the person is the possessor of the noun. N (o) onegai-shimasu.

Sarimu-san no kasa umbrella]

[Mr. Salim's

(3) 'dare' is an interrogative pronoun to ask "who", and 'dare no' means "whose". Kore wa dare no kagi desu ka. [Whose key is this?]

N1 no N2

(4)

The thing that the person possesses is not mentioned when it is already known and clear. Kore wa Sarimu-san no desu. [This is Mr. Salim's.] 5. This expression is used when you want to obtain some service or things you need. ‘o’ is a particle indicating that the noun is the object you want. ‘o’ is sometimes omitted.

(1)

Sandoitchi (o) onegai-shimasu. [Sandwiches, please.]

(2)

Kagi, onegai-shimasu. [Key, please.]

(3)

Sarimu-san, onegai-shimasu. [Mr. Salim. please.]

RENSHŪ

(1)

A: Kore wa butaniku desu ka. B: Hai, so desu. gyuniku

(2)

toriniku

tamago

A: Kore wa nan desu ka. B: Sore wa sukiyaki desu. tenpura

sushi

sashimi

(3)

A: Kore wa nan no ryōri desu ka. B: Butaniku no ryōri desu. sakana

(4)

gyuniku to yasai

A: Toriniku no ryōri wa dore desu ka. B: Kore desu. sakana

(5)

toriniku

tamago

yasai

mizu

kore to kore

Menyū, onegai-shimasu. kohii



(1)

Kore wa Maria-san no kasa desu. Sarimu-san / kamera Wan-san / kagi Tanaka-san / hon Sato-san / jisho

(2)

A: Are wa dare no kasa desu ka. B: Watashi no desu. kagi / Wan san kamera / Sarimu-san hon / Tanaka-san

(3)

A: Kore wa anata no kagi desu ka. B: Iie, watashi no ja arimasen. kamera

(4)

hon

jisho

A: Kore wa Maria-san no kamera desu ka.

B: Iie, chigaimasu. Sarimu-san no desu. hon / Tanaka-san jisho / Sato san kagi / Wan-san

A: Sumimasen. (1)

Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka.

B: Denwa desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu.

A: Kore wa nan desu ka. B: Sukiyaki desu. (1)

A: Nan no ryōri desu ka. B: Gyūniku to yasai no ryōri desu. A: Oishii desu ka. B: Hai, oishii desu yo.

A: Sumimasen. (2)

Kore wa dare no desu ka.

B: Sā, wakarimasen. C: A! Watashi no desu.

3

SAKURA DEPĀTO WA DOKO DESU KA. Sarimu Furonto Nihon-jin Eki'in

KAIWA [1] Sarimu Furonto Sarimu Furonto Sarimu

: : : : :

Sumimasen. Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka Ginza desu. Depāto wa nan-ji made desu ka. 7-ji made desu. Arigatō gozaimasu.

Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu

: : :

Sumimasen. Kippu-uriba wa doko desu ka. Asoko desu. Arigatō gozaimasu.

Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu

: : : : :

Ginza made ikura desu ka. 180-en desu. Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. 1-bansen desu. Dōmo arigatō.

: : :

Sumimasen. Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu ka. Hai, ikimasu. Dōmo.

: Salim : Front desk : A Japanese person : Station attendant

[2]

[3] Sarimu Eki'in Sarimu

3

WHERE IS THE SAKURA DEPARTMENT STORE?

DIALOGUE Salim Front Salim Front

: : : :

Excuse me. Where is the Sakura Department Store? It's in Ginza. Until what time is the store open? 7 o'clock.

Salim

:

Thank you.

Salim Japanese Salim

: : :

Excuse me. Where is the ticket office? It's over there. Thank you.

Salim Japanese Salim Japanese Salim

: : : : :

How much does it cost to go to Ginza? 180 yen. What is the platform number for Ginza? No. 1. Thank you.

Salim S. A. Salim

: : :

Excuse me. Does this train go to Ginza? Yes, it does. Thanks.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

Sakura

Sakura [a Japanese name; its original

depāto doko furonto

meaning is 'cherry blossoms.'] department store where front desk

Nihon-jin eki'in Ginza nan-ji --made 7-ji kippu kippu-uriba asoko ikura --en --bansen --e ikimasu (iku)* Dōmo.

[

a Japanese person station attendant Ginza [a place name in Tokyo] what time until; to 7 o'clock ticket ticket office over there how much yen platform number to (a particle indicating direction) to go Thanks.

* The word shown here in ( ) is the dictionary form of the verb. Lesson 9]

Atarashii kotoba Renshū ima (9-ji) han --fun / pun jimusho --kara (desu) gozen gogo ginkō byōin kurasu koko shokudō robii toire soko

New Words and Expressions

Exercise now half past (nine) minute office (is) from a.m. p.m. bank hospital class here dining hall lobby toilet there

eki Shinjuku Fuji-san Shizuoka Tōkyō Akihabara Kyōto Ōsaka Nagoya ikimasen tsugi

station Shinjuku [a place name in Tokyo] Mt. Fuji Shizuoka [a place name in Japan] Tokyo Akihabara [a place name in Tokyo] Kyoto [a place name in Japan] Osaka [a place name in Japan] Xagoya [a place name in Japan] don't / doesn't go next

Nan-ji [What time--?]

Nan-pun [How many minutes--?]

1-ji 2-ji

ichi-ji ni-ji

1-pun 2-fun

3-ji 4-ji 5-ji 6-ji 7-ji 8-ji 9-ji 10-ji 11-ji 12-ji

san-ji

3-pun

san-pun

yo-ji go-ji

4-pun 5-fun

yon-pun go-fun

roku-ji shichi-ji hachi-ji ku-ji jū-ji jūichi-ji jūni-ji

6-pun roppun 7-fun nana-fun 8-pun happun / hachi-fun 9-fun kyū-fun 10-pun jippun / juppun 20-pun ni-jippun / ni-juppun 30-pun san-jippun / san-juppun 40-pun yon-jippun / yon-juppun 50-pun go-jippun / go-juppun

Kazu [Numbers] 100

hyaku

200

ni-hyaku

300

san-byaku

400

yon-hyaku

500

go-hyaku

600

roppyaku

700

nana-hyaku

800

happyaku

900

kyū-hyaku

1000

sen

Kaisetsu

1.

ippun ni-fun

koko / soko / asoko

Notes

koko

here

the location of the object is close to the speaker

soko

there

the location of the object is closer to the listener than to the speaker

asoko over there the location of the object is distant from both the speaker and the listener doko

where

N wa

koko soko asoko

(an interrogative to ask location)

desu.

Jimusho wa koko desu. [The office is here.] Jimusho wa doko desu ka. [Where is the office?]

N wa doko desu ka. 2.

'N wa koko desu' indicates that N is located at a place being pointed to. 3.

koko soko asoko

wa N desu.

‘Koko wa N desu' is used to describe what the place being pointed to is.

~ji

fun pun han

8-ji 5-fun 5-ji 10-pun 4-ji han

[ 5 minutes past eight] [10 minutes past five] [half past four]

4.

'ji' is a time classifier of hours, meaning "o'clock". Note that '4-ji' is pronounced ' yo-ji' and '9-ji= ku-ji.'

'fun / pun’ are the classifiers for minutes.

9-ji kara 5-ji made [from 9 until 5 o'clock!

(time) kara (time) made 5.

'kara' indicates the starting point and 'made indicates the final or ultimate point in time. Ikura desu ka. (place) kara (place) made

Narita kara Ginza made [from Narita to Ginza]

6. 'kara’ ("from") used after a place name indicates that the place is the starting point, 'made' ("to" or "as far as") added after a place name indicates the destination. 7. Kore wa ikura desu ka. [How much is this?] Ginza made ikura desu ka. [How much is the fare to Ginza?] 'ikura' is an interrogative pronoun to ask cost and price..

(place) e ikimasu

Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu. [This train goes to Ginza.]

8. ‘e’ is the particle that indicates the direction or destination of movement with verbs of coming and going. [ Lesson 5].

RENSHŪ (1)

A: Ima nan-ji desu ka. B: 4-ji desu. 9-ji han

7-ji 15-fun

1-ji 40-pun

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Jimusho wa 9-ji kara desu. A: Jimusho wa nan-ji kara desu ka. B: 9-ji kara desu. Jimusho wa 5-ji made desu.

9 : 00 ~ 5 : 00

A: Jimusho wa nan-ji made desu ka. B: 5-ji made desu. A: Sumimasen. Jimusho wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. B: 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu. depāto

ginkō

gozen 10 : 00 ~ gogo 7 : 00 byōin

9 : 00 ~ 3 : 00 Nihon-go no kurasu

9 : 00 ~ 6 : 30

9 : 30 ~ 4 : 00

(1)

Koko wa jimusho desu. shokudō

(2)

asoko

A: Jimusho wa doko desu ka. B: Asoko desu. denwa / soko toire / koko

(4)

furonto

Toire wa koko desu. soko

(3)

robii

eki / asoko

A: Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka. B: Ginza desu. JICA / Shinjuku

Fuji-san / Shizuoka

(1)

Ginza made 180 en desu. Tōkyō

(2)

A: Ginza made ikura desu ka. B: 180-en desu. Akihabara / 190

(3)

Shinjuku

Shinjuku / 130

A: Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. B: 1-bansen desu.

Shinjuku / 4

(4)

Akihabara / 2

A: Kore wa Kyōto e ikimasu ka. B: Hai, ikimasu. Ōsaka

Nagoya

A: Sumimasen.

Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu ka.

B: Iie, ikimasen. (1)

A: Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. B: 1-bansen desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu.

A: Sumimasen. (2)

Shinjuku wa tsugi desu ka.

B: Iie, chigaimasu. A: Sō desu ka.

Shinjuku wa tsugi no tsugi desu.

Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu.

4

HANBĀGĀ O KUDASAI.

KAIWA [1] Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu

: : : :

Ten'in

:

Irasshaimase. Hanbāgā o kudasai. Ikutsu desu ka. Futatsu kudasai. Sorekara kōhii o hitotsu onegai-shimasu. Hai, wakarimashita.

Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in

: : : :

Sumimasen. Kamera wa nan-gai desu ka. 2-kai desu. 2-kai desu ne. Hai, sō desu.

Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu

: : : : :

Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in

: : :

Sumimasen. Ano kamera o misete kudasai. Hai, dōzo. Ikura desu ka. 40,000-en desu. E? 40,000-en desu ka. Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. Kore wa dō desu ka. 28,000-en desu. Ja, kore o kudasai. Arigatō gozaimasu.

Ten'in

: Clerk

Sarimu

: Salim

[2]

4

PLEASE GIVE ME SOME HAMBURGERS.

DIALOGUE

[1] Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk [2] Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk

: : : :

Can I help you? Please give me some hamburgers. How many? Two, please. And one coffee, please. : All right. : : : : : : : : :

Excuse me. On what floor are the cameras? On the second floor. The second floor, is it? Yes, it is.

Excuse me. Please show me that camera. Here you are. How much is this? 40,000 yen. What? 40,000 yen? Do you have anything cheaper? : How do you like this one? It's 28,000 yen. : Well, I'll take this one. : Thank you, sir.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

hanbāgā

hamburger

-- o kudasai ten'in ikutsu futatsu sorekara hitotsu wakarimashita. nan-gai/nan-kai 2-kai (--desu) ne. ano misete kudasai E? motto yasui motto yasui no --wa arimasu ka. --wa dō desu ka.

a particle indicating an object give me clerk how many two and then; in addition one All right. what floor 2nd floor a particle for confirmation that (noun) over there please show me an utterance of surprise more cheap cheaper one Do you have --? How about --?/How do you like --?

Atarashii kotoba Renshū kyōshitsu heya kutsu nōto zubon rajio terebi enpitsu sukāto sētā shatsu

New Words and Expressions

Exercise classroom room shoes notebook trousers radio television pencil skirt sweater shirt

kudamono mittsu yottsu itsutsu ringo sekken denchi kono sono chotto ōkii chiisai takai nagai mijikai orenji zenbu de Ii desu.

fruit three four five apple soap battery this (noun) that (noun) a little big small expensive long short orange altogether It's good.

Ikutsu [How many--?] 1

hitotsu

6

muttsu

2

futatsu

7

nanatsu

3

mittsu

8

yattsu

4

yottsu

9

kokonotsu

5

itsutsu 10

tō

Kazu [Numbers] 1,000

sen

10,000

ichi-man

100,000

jū-man

2,000

ni-sen

20,000

ni-man

1,000,000

hyaku-man

3,000

san-zen

30,000

san-man

10,000,000

issen-man

4,000

yon-sen

40,000

yon-man

100,000,000

ichi-oku

5,000

go-sen

50,000

go-man

6,000

roku-sen

60,000

roku-man

7,000

nana-sen

70,000

nana-man

8,000

hassen

80,000

hachi-man

9,000

kyū-sen

90,000

kyū-man

Nan-gai / Nan-kai [What floor--?] R

okujō

10F

jikkai / jukkai

9F

kyū-kai

8F

hachi-kai / hakkai

7F

nana-kai

6F

rokkai

5F

go-kai

4F

yon-kai

3F

san-gai

2F

ni-kai

1F

ikkai

B1

chika ikkai

R: roof

B: basement

Kaisetsu

~wa nan-gai desu ka.

Notes

Jimusho wa nan-gai desu ka. [What floor is the office?]

1. '--gai/kai' is a classifier for floors and is added after numerals. '1-kai' means the ground/first floor. Pronunciation changes to '-gai' after 'nan’ and '3'. These days, '-kai' is often heard in place of '-gai'. (S) ne.

2-kai desu ne. [It's on the 2nd floor. Am I right?]

2. 'ne’ added at the end of a sentence with the rising intonation is used to seek the listener's confirmation.

Ringo o kudasai. [Please give me some apples.]

N o kudasai. 3.

‘o’ is a particle that indicates that the preceding noun is the object you want. 'kudasai' literally means "Please give me." This expression is used when you want to buy something at a store, and also can be used when you order food in a restaurant. ikutsu

How many?

hitotsu, jutatsu --

one, two....

4.

There are two kinds of counting numerals in Japanese. 'ichi, ni, san--' is the way of counting that is of Chinese origin. Here we learn the kind of Japanese origin, 'hitotsu, jutatsu, miitsu---'. This way of counting goes only up to ten. 'ikutsu’ is used to ask how many. A: Ringo o kudasai. B: Ikutsu desu ka. A: Mittsu kudasai.

[Please give me some apples.] [How many?] [Give me three, please.]

5 . kono/sono/ano kono

this (noun)

sono

that (noun)

ano

that (noun) over there

dono

which (noun)

'kono/sono/ano/dono' are demonstrative pronouns (like 'kore/sore/are/dore’) but are always followed by nouns. The relationships among the speaker, listener, and object involved in the conversation are the same as in the explanation of ' kore/sore/are’. [

kore + ringo are + ringo

kono ringo ano ringo

[this apple] [that apple]

Lesson 2]

okii no

6.

large one

'okii' is an adjective, 'no’ after an adjective is used in place of the name of a thing, and corresponds to "one" in English. Motto ōkii no wa arimasu ka. [Do you have any larger ones?] Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. [Do you have any cheaper ones?]. N wa do desu ka.

7.

A shop clerk often recommends or suggests a product by saying 'kore wa dō desu ka.' If you agree, you can say 'Ii desu ne.' If you don't want to buy, you can say 'Sumimasen, chotto---'. Ja

8.

'ja' is uttered when the topic or the situation changes, or at the moment you make your own decision. Ja, kore o kudasai.

[Well, I'll have this one.]

RENSHŪ (1)

A: Sumimasen. Robii wa nan-gai desu ka. B: 1-kai desu. furonto / 2-kai kyōshitsu / 4-kai



jimusho / 3-gai Sarimu-san no heya / 6-kai

A: Sumimasen. Tokei wa nan-gai desu ka. (1)

B: 6-kai desu. A: 6-kai desu ne. B: Hai, sō desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu. kutsu

nōto

zubon

Depāto 7F

shokudō

6F

tokei, kamera

5F

rajio, terebi

4F

nōto, enpitsu

3F

sukāto, sētā

2F

shatsu, zubor

1F

kasa, kutsu

B1

kudamono

(1)

Hanbāgā o kudasai. kōhii

(2)

kore to kore

A: Ikutsu desu ka. B: Hitotsu kudasai. futatsu yottsu

(3)

kore

mittsu itsutsu

A: Hanbāgā o hitotsu kudasai.

B: Hai, dōzo. futatsu

mittsu

yottsu

itsutsu

(1)

Kono kutsu wa ikura desu ka. kasa

(2)

shatsu

zubon

A: Sono sētā wa ikura desu ka. B: 3,000-en desu. sukāto / 5,000 kamera / 12,000

tokei / 8,000 terebi / 69,000

A: Kore wa do desu ka. (3)

B: Chotto ōkii desu. Motto chiisai no wa arimasu ka. takai / yasui

nagai / mijikai

A: Irasshaimase. B: Ringo o mittsu kudasai. (1)

A: Hai. B: Sorekara orenji o futatsu kudasai. A: Hai. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Zenbu de 500-en desu. A: Sumimasen.

Sore o misete kudasai.

B: Hai, dōzo. (2)

A: Kore wa chotto chiisai desu. Motto ōkii no wa arimasu ka. B: Kore wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu. Ja, kore o kudasai.

5

ITSU NIHON E KIMASHITA KA.

KAIWA

Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria

: : : : : : : : : :

Tanaka Maria Tanaka

: : :

5

: Tanaka

Maria

: Maria

Maria-san, konnichiwa. O-genki desu ka. Hai, genki desu. Maria-san wa itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. 5-gatsu 22-nichi ni kimashita. Maria-san no kenshū wa itsu kara desu ka. 7-gatsu tsuitachi kara desu. Itsu made desu ka. 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. Sō desu ka. Nihon-go no kurasu wa? 5-gatsu 28-nichi kara 6-gatsu 29-nichi made desu. Sorekara 6-gatsu 30-nichi ni Hiroshima e ikimasu. Itsu kuni e kaerimasu ka. 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kaerimasu. Sō desu ka.

WHEN DID YOU COME TO JAPAN?.

DIALOGUE Tanaka

Tanaka

: Hi, Maria. How are you?

Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria

: Fine, thank you. : Maria, when did you come to Japan? : I came here on the 22nd of May. When will your training course start? : It will start on the 1st of July. : Until when? : Until the 18th of December. : I see. How about the Japanese language class? : It will be from the 28th of May until the 29th of June. : Then I will go to Hiroshima on the 30th of June. : When will you go home? : I'm going home on the 21st of December. : I see.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

itsu Nihon kimashita (kimasu -* kuru) (0) genki desu ka.

when Japan came How are you? /Are you fine?

Genki desu. --gatsu --nichi (22-nichi) ni kenshū Hiroshima kaerimasu (kaeru)

I'm fine. month [classifier for months] day [classifier for days] on (the 22nd) training Hiroshima [a place name in Japan] to return; to go home

Atarashii kotoba Renshū yūbinkyoku kōen hoteru sentā kinō kyō sūpā hon-ya taishikan kamera-ya

New Words and Expressions

Exercise post office park hotel centre yesterday today supermarket bookstore embassy camera shop

ikimasen deshita ashita eiga hajimarimasu (hajimaru) owarimasu (owaru) Ogenki de. yotei Mekishiko

didn't go tomorrow movie; film to begin to end Look after yourself plan; schedule Mexico

Nan-gatsu [What month--?] 1

ichi-gatsu

7

shichi-gatsu

2

ni-gatsu

8

hachi-gatsu

3

san-gatsu

9

ku-gatsu

4

shi-gatsu 10

jū-gatsu

5

go-gatsu 11

jūichi-gatsu

6

roku-gatsu 12

jūni-gatsu

Nan-nichi [Which day--?] 1

tsuitachi

11

jūichi-nichi

21

nijū-ichi-nichi

2

futsuka

12

jūni-nichi

22

nijū-ni-nichi

3

mikka

13

jūsan-nichi

23

nijū-san-nichi

4

yokka

14

jūyokka

24

nijū-yokka

5

itsuka

15

jūgo-nichi

25

nijū-go-nichi

6

muika

16

jūroku-nichi

26

nijū-roku-nichi

7

nanoka

17

jūshichi-nichi

27

nijū-shichi-nichi

8

yōka

18

jūhachi-nichi

28

nijū-hachi-nichi

9

kokonoka

19

jūku-nichi

29

nijū-ku-nichi

10

tōka

20

hatsuka

30

sanjū-nichi

31

sanjū-ichi-nichi

Kaisetsu

Notes

Verb masu-form

Non-past

Affirmative

V-masu

V-mashita

Negative

V-masen

V-masen deshita

Past

1.

ikimasu [to go] 'V-masu’ shows that the verb is in the non-past, affirmative tense. This form is used when you express present action future action or habitual action. ikimasen [don't/doesn't go] ‘V-masen’ is the negative form of 'V-masu’ .

ikimashita [went] 'V-mashita’ is the past, affirmative form of 'V-masu’ . ikimasen deshita [didn't go] 'V-masen deshita' is the past, negative form of 'V-masu’ . A question can be made by adding 'ka' at the end of the sentence. Ikimasu ka. [Are you going?/Does it go?] Ikimashita ka. [Did you go?/Did it go?] (place) e ikimasu

Ginko e ikimasu . [ I go to the bank.]

2. ‘e’ functions to indicate direction and roughly corresponds to the English "to". This particle is always used with verbs which imply movement from one place to another, such as 'ikimasu (to go)' 'kimasu (to come)', and 'kaerimasu (to return)'. Nihon e kimashita. [I came to Japan.] Kuni e kaerimasu. [I'll go back to my country.] (time) ni

9-ji ni hajimarimasu. [It begins at 9 o'clock.] 7gatsu ni kimashita. [I came here in July.]

3. The particle 'ni' has several functions. The particle 'ni' added after words of time, day and month, and also after the days of the week corresponds to English "at" or "on". Note that the words 'asa (morning)/hiru (noon)/yoru (evening)/kino/kyo/ashita’ do not take 'ni'.

RENSHŪ (1) (2) (3)

Ginkō e ikimasu. yūbinkyoku kōen

byōin

Kuni e kaerimasu. heya hoteru

sentā

Kinō Nihon e kimashita. koko sentā

(1)a

b

(2)a

b

(3)

(4)

A: Kyō ginkō e ikimasu ka. B: Hai, ikimasu. yūbinkyoku sūpā

hon-ya

A: Kyō ginkō e ikimasu ka. B: Iie, ikimasen. yūbinkyoku sūpā

hon-ya

A: Kinō sūpā e ikimashita ka. B: Hai, ikimashita. taishikan kamera-ya

yūbinkyoku

A: Kinō sūpā e ikimashita ka. B: Iie, ikimasen deshita. taishikan kamera-ya

yūbinkyoku

A: Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. B: Ginkō e ikimasu. hon-ya byōin

taishikan

A: Itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. B: 9-gatsu ni kimashita. 6-gatsu tsuitachi ni 4-gatsu 11-nichi ni

kinō

(1)

(1) (2) (3)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Maria-san wa 5-gatsu 22-nichi ni Nihon e kimashita. Nihon-go no kurasu wa 5-gatsu 28-nichi kara 6-gatsu 29-nichi made desu. 6-gatsu 30-nichi ni Hiroshima e ikimasu.

(4) (5) (1) (2)

(3)

(3)

Kenshū wa 7-gatsu tsuitachi kara 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kuni e kaerimasu. Eiga wa 7-ji ni hajimarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 9-ji han

shigoto / 9-ji

Eiga wa 9-ji ni owarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 4-ji

shigoto / 5-ji

A: Eiga wa nan-ji ni hajimarimasu ka. B: 7-ji ni hajimarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 9-ji han shigoto / 9-ji A: Eiga wa nan-ji ni owarimasu ka. B: 7-ji ni owarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 4-ji

shigoto / 5-ji

A: Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. (1)

B: Taishikan e ikimasu. A: Sō desu ka. Nan-ji ni kaerimasu ka. B: 5-ji ni kaerimasu. A: Tanaka-san, watashi wa ashita kuni e kaerimasu. B: A, sō desu ka.

(2)

Ashita desu ka.

Ogenki de. A: Hai, arigatō gozaimasu. Tanaka-san mo ogenki de

Maria-san no yotei

Watas hi w a 5-gats u 22-nichi ni N ihon e kimas hita. N ihon-go no kuras u w a 5-gats u 28-nichi kara 6-gats u 29n ichi made des u. 6 -gats u 30-nichi ni H iros hima e ikimas u. K ens hū w a 7-gats u ts uitachi kara 12-gats u 18-nichi made d es u. 1 2-gats u 21-nichi ni M ekis hiko e kaerimas u.

6

NANI O SHIMASU KA. Maria

KAIWA

Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria

: Maria Tanaka

: Tanaka

Tanaka

: : : : : : : :

Tanaka-san wa nan-ji ni okimasu ka. 6-ji ni okimasu. Hayai desu ne. Nan-ji goro asa-gohan o tabemasu ka. 7-ji goro tabemasu. Maria-san wa nani o tabemasu ka. Watashi wa itsumo pan to tamago o tabemasu. Tanaka-san no o-shigoto wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu.

Tanaka

:

Nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimasu ka.

Maria

:

Tanaka

:

Maria

:

6

Asa wa sanpo o shimasu. Gogo wa tegami o kakimasu. Tokidoki Shinjuku de kaimono o shimasu. Yoru wa robii de tomodachi to hanashimasu. Tanaka-san wa yoru nani o shimasu ka. Kazoku to issho ni terebi o mimasu. Sorekara hon o yomimasu. Tokidoki ongaku o kikimasu. Maria-san wa nan-ji goro nemasu ka. Sō desu ne. 11-ji han goro nemasu.

WHAT DO YOU DO?.

DIALOGUE Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka

: : : : : : :

What time do you get up, Mr. Tanaka? I get up at six. It's early, isn't it? What time do you have breakfast? About 7 o'clock. What do you have for breakfast", Maria9 I always have bread and eggs. What are your office hours, Mr. Tanaka? From 9 to 5.

Tanaka Maria

: :

Tanaka

:

Maria

:

What do you do on Sundays? I take a walk in the morning. In the afternoon, I write letters Sometimes I go shopping in Shinjuku. In the evening, I talk with my friends in the lobby. What do you do at night, Mr. Tanaka? I watch television with my family. And then I read books Sometimes I listen to music. What time do you go to bed, Maria? Well, I go to bed around half past 11.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

nani shimasu (suru) okimasu (okiru) hayai -- goro asa-gohan tabemasu (taberu) itsumo pan nichi-yObi asa sanpo o shimasu (suru) tegami kakimasu (kaku) tokidoki (Shinjuku) de kaimono o shimasu (suru) yoru

what to do to get up early about (time) breakfast to eat always bread Sunday morning to take a walk letter to write sometimes at / in (Shinjuku) to do shopping night

tomodachi (tomodachi) to hanashimasu (hanasu) kazoku issho ni mimasu (miru) yomimasu (yomu) ongaku kikimasu (kiku) nemasu (neru) Sō desu ne.

friend with (friend) to speak; to talk family together with to see; to watch to read music to hear; to listen to go to bed Well, let me see.

Atarashii kotoba Renshū

New Words and Expressions

Exercise

nomimasu (nomu) shinbun hiru-gohan sentaku o shimasu (suru) benkyō o shimasu (suru) toshoshitsu hiru kin-yōbi do-yōbi Dizuniirando tenisu o shimasu (suru) uchi kyōkai pinpon kaimasu (kau) ban-gohan ichinichi shawā shawā o abimasu (abiru)

Nan-yōbi [What day of the week-- ?]

to drink newspaper lunch to do washing to study library daytime Friday Saturday Disneyland to play tennis home; house church pingpong to buy dinner; supper a day shower to take a shower

nichi-yōbi

Sunday

getsu-yōbi

Monday

ka-yōbi

Tuesday

sui-yōbi

Wednesday

moku-yōbi

Thursday

kin-yōbi

Friday

do-yōbi

Saturday

Kaisetsu

N o V-masu

Notes

Terebi o mimasu. [I watch television.]

1. The function of 'o' indicates that the preceding noun is the direct object of the verb.

(place) de (N o) V-masu

Heya de tegami o kakimasu . [ I write a letter in my room .]

2. The function of 'de’ indicates that the preceding noun is the place where an action occurs, 'de’ corresponds to English "at" or "in".

(person) to issho ni V-masu.

(person) to V-masu.

3. 'to' indicates that the preceding person is someone with whom the subject does something together. Wan-san to issho ni Ginza e ikimashita. [I went to Ginza with Mr. Wang.]

'issho ni' is often unmentioned when the situation is clear. Dare to Ginza e ikimashita ka. [With whom did you go to Ginza?] Wan-san to ikimashita. [I went there with Mr. Wang.]

(S) ne

Hayai desu ne. [Early, isn't it?]

4. 'ne' at the end of the sentence with a falling intonation implies a mild degree of surprise or admiration. Sō desu ne

5. 'Sō desu ne’ pronounced with slow speed implies that the speaker is seeking the right words to use. It corresponds to English "Well, let me see."

RENSHŪ (1)

(2)

Terebi o mimasu. kōhii / nomimasu shinbun / yomimasu Nihon-go / hanashimasu A: Nani o shimasu ka. B: Tegami o kakimasu. hiru-gohan o tabemasu sentaku o shimasu ongaku o kikimasu

(3)

Heya de benkyō o shimasu. kyōshitsu toshoshitsu

sentā (4)

A: Doko de terebi o mimasu ka. B: Heya de mimasu. hon / yomimasu tegami / kakimasu rajio / kikimasu

(5)

(1)

(2)

(3)

Kazoku to issho ni kaimono o shimasu. Satō-san / ongaku o kikimasu Wan-san / sanpo o shimasu tomodachi / bideo o mimasu

Asa shinbun o yomimasu. hiru / sūpā e ikimasu yoru / tegami o kakimasu Kin-yōbi ni ginkō e ikimasu. do-yōbi / sentaku o shimasu nichi-yōbi / bideo o mimasu A: Itsu Dizuniirando e ikimasu ka. B: Do-yōbi ni ikimasu. nichi-yōbi ni ashita

(1)

A: Ashita nani o shimasu ka. B: Ongaku o kikimasu. tegami / kakimasu tenisu / shimasu

(2)

kaimono / shimasu

A: Nichi-yōbi ni nani o shimasu ka. B: Kōen e ikimasu. Akihabara kyōkai

tomodachi no uchi

(3)

A: Ashita wa nichi-yōbi desu ne. Nani o shimasu ka B: Sentā de pinpon o shimasu. Shinjuku / eiga / mimasu Akihabara / kamera / kaimasu heya / hon / yomimasu

A: Nan-ji goro ban-gohan o tabemasu ka. (1)

B: 7-ji goro tabemasu. A: Doko de tabemasu ka. B: Itsumo sentā no shokudō de tabemasu. A: Nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimasu ka.

(2)

B: Tenisu o shimasu. A: Dare to issho ni shimasu ka. B: Tomodachi to issho ni shimasu.

Tanaka-san no ichinichi

7:00

okimasu (shinbun)

Watashi wa itsumo 7-ji ni okimasu. Sorekara shinbun o yomimasu. Shigoto wa 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu. 6-ji han goro uchi e kaerimasu.

9:00

Yoru wa kazoku to issho ni terebi o shigoto

mimasu. Tokidoki hon o yomimasu. Sorekara shawā o abimasu. 11-ji goro nemasu.

5:00 6:30

kaerimasu

(terebi / hon) (shawā) 11:00

nemasu

7

YOKOHAMA E IKIMASEN KA.

KAIWA

Satō

: Sato

Sentā

: Centre

Maria : Maria [1] Satō Sentā Satō Sentā

: : : :

Moshimoshi. Kokusai Sentā desu. Mekishiko no Maria-san, onegai-shimasu. Hai, chotto omachi kudasai.

Maria Satō Maria

: : :

Moshimoshi, Maria desu. Satō desu. Konnichiwa. Ā, Satō-san desu ka. Konnichiwa.

Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria

: : : : : : : :

Satō

:

Maria-san, ashita Yokohama e ikimasen ka. Ā, ii desu ne. Nan-ji desu ka. 9-ji wa dō desu ka. Sumimasen. 9-ji wa chotto··· Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. Ā, sō desu ka. Ja, 1-ji wa dō desu ka. Ii desu ne. Doko de aimashō ka. Sentā no robii wa dō desu ka. Hai, wakarimashita. Ja, 1-ji ni Sentā no robii de aimashō Ē. Ja, mata ashita.

[2]

7

WONT YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME?

DIALOGUE [1] Sato

:

Hello.

Centre

:

Kokusai Centre.

Sato

:

Ms. Maria from Mexico, please.

Centre

:

Just a moment, please.

Maria

:

Maria speaking.

Sato

:

Hello. This is Ms. Sato. Hi.

Maria

:

Oh, Ms. Sato. Hi.

: : : : : : : : :

Maria, won't you go to Yokohama tomorrow? Oh, that's nice! What time? How about 9 o'clock? No, I'm sorry--- A friend of mine will be coming at 9 o'clock. Oh, is that so? How about 1 o'clock?. That's good. Where shall we meet? How about the lobby of the Centre? All right. Well, let's meet in the lobby of the Centre at 1 o'clock. O.K. See you tomorrow.

[2] Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

Yokohama ikimasen ka. Moshimoshi. Kokusai Sentā Chotto omachi kudasai machimasu (matsu)

Yokohama [a place name in Japan] Won't you go? Hello. International Centre Wait a moment, please. to wait

Ā Ā, ii desu ne. ii Sumimasen. -- wa chotto -- kara aimashō ka. (aimasu  au) aimashō. Ē mata mata ashita.

oh; ah Oh, that's nice! nice; good I'm sorry. No, I'd rather not --because; as Shall we meet? Let's meet. Yes [colloquial] again See you tomorrow.

Atarashii kotoba Renshū pātii dōshite isogashii repōto denwa-bangō nan-ban mō ichi-do yukkuri (o) denwa desu. Akiko mada pitii denwa-shimasu (denwa-suru)

New Words and Expressions

Exercise party why busy report telephone number what number once more slowly There is a telephone call for you. Akiko [a Japanese feminine name] not yet party to telephone

Kaisetsu

V-masen ka

Notes

Kōhii o nomimasen ka. [Won't you have some coffee?]

1. ‘V-masen ka’ is used when the speaker invites someone to do something together. It corresponds to English "Won't you--?" V-mashō.

Ikimashō. [Let's go.]

2. ‘V-mashō’ is used when colleagues agree to do something together, and it corresponds to "Let's --" in English. V-mashō ka.

Doko de aimashō ka. [Where shall we meet?]

3. ‘V-mashō ka’ with an interrogative pronoun is used to discuss what to do together/where to meet/etc. Tomodachi ga kimasu kara . [Because a friend of mine will be coming.]

(S) kara. 4.

‘kara’ added after the sentence indicates that the preceding sentence is the reason. Reason

{Tomodachi ga kimasu} kara. a friend of mine will be coming N wa dō desu ka.

because

9-ji wa dō desu ka. [How about 9 o'clock?]

5. 'dō desu ka’ is used when you suggest, for instance, when or where to meet, what to do. etc. If you agree with the suggestion, you say 'Ā, ii desu ne.' Sumimasen. Chotto··· 6. This is a mild expression of refusal that the suggestion or invitation doesn't suit the speaker's taste or convenience. RENSHŪ (1)a

b

A: Kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Ii desu ne. pinpon o shimasu bideo o mimasu A: Kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Sumimasen. Chotto ··· pinpon o shimasu bideo o mimasu

kōen e ikimasu

kōen e ikimasu

A: Itsu aimashō ka. (1)

B: Kin-yōbi wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu ne. ashita 11-nichi

nichi-yōbi

A: Doko de aimashō ka. (2)

B: Hoteru no robii wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu ne. furonto eki

sentā

A: Nan-ji ni aimashō ka. (3)

B: 10-ji wa dō desu ka. A: Sumimasen. 10-ji wa chotto ··· 4-ji 9-ji 12-ji han

(1)

A: Sarimu-san, kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Ā, ii desu ne. Nomimashō. bideo o mimasu sanpo o shimasu ban-gohan o tabemasu

A: Kyō pātii e ikimasu ka. (1)

B: Iie, ikimasen. A: Dōshite desu ka. B: Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. taishikan e ikimasu repōto o kakimasu

chotto isogashii desu

(1)

Sentā no denwa-bangō wa 3 4 8 5 no 7 0 5 1 desu. 078-734-5176 098-876-6000

(2)

Hoteru no denwa-bangō wa nan-ban desu ka. sentā jimusho taishikan



A: Sumimasen.

Hoteru no denwa wa nan-ban desu ka.

B: 974 no 3 9 0 7 desu. (1)

A: Sumimasen. Mō ichi-do yukkuri onegai-shimasu. B: 9•7•4 no 3 • 9 • 0 • 7 desu. A: Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita.

A: Moshimoshi, Tanaka-san desu ka. (2)

B: Hai, Tanaka desu. A: Maria desu. A: Moshimoshi,

(3)

Konnichiwa. Kokusai Hoteru desu ka.

B: Iie, chigaimasu. A: Dōmo sumimasen. O*: Kenshu Senta desu.

*O=operator

A: Moshimoshi, Mekishiko no Maria Rohasu-san, onegai shimasu. (4)

O: Hai, chotto omachi kudasai. • • •

O: Moshimoshi, Maria-san, o-denwa desu. B: Hai, arigatō gozaimasu. ••• Moshimoshi, Maria desu. A: Moshimoshi, Satō desu. B: Moshimoshi, Mekishiko no Maria Rohasu desu. (5)

Akiko-san, onegai-shimasu. A: Sumimasen.

Akiko wa mada kaerimasen.

7-ji goro kaerimasu. B: Sō desu ka.

Ja, mata denwa-shimasu.

A: Maria-san, do-yōbi ni tenisu o shimasen ka. B: Sumimasen. Do-yōbi wa chotto••• (1)

Tomodachi no uchi e ikimasu kara. A: Ja, nichi-yōbi wa dō desu ka. B: Ii desu ne.

8

BYŌIN WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA.

KAIWA Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan

: : : : : : : : :

Maria Wan Maria

: : :

Wan

:

Wan

: Wang

Maria : Maria

Maria-san, o-shigoto wa? Kangofu desu. Byōin wa doko ni arimasu ka. Mekishiko-shiti ni arimasu. Byōin ni kangofu-san ga nan-nin imasu ka. 300-nin gurai imasu. Ōkii byōin desu ne. Hai. Byōin no shashin ga arimasu. Kore desu. A, kirei desu ne. Atarashii byōin desu ka. Ē, atarashii desu. Koko wa kōen desu ka. Ē, sō desu. Totemo kirei desu. Hana ya ki ga takusan arimasu. Tori mo takusan imasu. Sō desu ka. Ii desu ne.

8

WHERE IS THE HOSPITAL?

DIALOGUE Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria

: : : : : : : : : : : :

Wang

:

Maria, what is your occupation? I'm a nurse. Where is your hospital? It's in Mexico City. How many nurses are there in your hospital? About 300. It's a big hospital, isn't it? Yes. I have a picture of the hospital. Here it is. Oh, it's beautiful. Is it a new hospital? Yes, it is. Is this a park? Yes. It's very beautiful. There are many flowers and Many birds, too. I see. How nice!

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

arimasu (aru) Mekishiko-shiti

it is Mexico City nurse (polite form for referring to

kangofu-san — ga nan-nin imasu (iru)

300-nin gurai shashin kirei (na) atarashii totemo hana A ya B ki takusan

nurses) a particle indicating the preceding noun is the subject how many people there is/are 300 people about photo; picture beautiful! pretty', clean new very flower A and B and so on tree many

tori

bird

Nan-nin [How many people --?] 1

hitori

6

roku-nin

2

futari

7

shichi-nin/nana-nin

3

san-nin

8

hachi-nin

4

yo-nin

9

kyū-nin/ku-nin

5

go-nin

10

jū-nin

Atarashii kotoba Renshū tsukue kōdinētā inu eakon Perū Kenia onna no hito otoko no hito -- dake ue kaban naka soba erebētā mae neko shita taipuraitā kodomo ushiro biru pasupōto medikaru kādo meishi setsumeisho mai -mainichi

New Words and Expressions

Exercise desk coordinator dog air conditioner Peru Kenya a woman . a man only on lover;above bag; briefcase inside near; beside elevator; lift before; in front of cat under typewriter child behind;back of building passport medical card name card instructions every -everyday

Kaisetsu

N ga

Notes Denwa ga arimasu. [There is a telephone.]

arimasu

Wan-san ga imasu. [There is Mr. Wang.]

imasu 1.

(1) 'arimasu’ and 'imasu’ are verbs that express the existence of objects.

meaning "there is/are". In the case of inanimate (insentient) things, 'arimasu’ is used, while living (sentient) things take 'imasu'.

(2) 'ga’ is a particle that indicates that the preceding noun is the subject of the

sentence.

arimasu (place) ni N ga imasu 2. Asoko ni denwa ga arimasu. [There's a telephone there.] Robii ni Wan-san ga imasu. [There's Mr. Wang in the lobby.] 'ni' is a particle that indicates the location of an object.

This sentence pattern states the fact that there is something/ someone (subject) at the mentioned place, and the subject has more significance than its location. arimasu N wa (place) ni imasu 3. Denwa wa asoko ni arimasu. [The telephone is there.] Wan-san wa robii ni imasu. [Mr. Wang is in the lobby.] This sentence pattern indicates that the location of the topic is more important than the topic itself. (person) wa N ga arimasu/imasu. 4. Watashi wa kuruma ga arimasu. [I have a car.] Watashi wa kodomo ga imasu/arimasu. [I have a child/children.] This sentence pattern is used to express the possession of a thing/things or family members. In the case of family members, both 'arimasu’ and 'imasu’ are used. (place) de (activity) ga arimasu. 5. Sentā de pātii ga arimasu. [There's going to be a party at the Centre.] ‘arimasu’ in this sentence means that activities such as parties, meetings, concerts and other gatherings are held.

RENSHŪ (1)

Asoko ni denwa ga arimasu. jimusho

(2)

terebi

tsukue

Asoko ni kenshūin ga imasu. kodineta

sensei

inu

(1)

(2)

(3)

A: Heya ni denwa ga arimasu ka. B: Hai, arimasu. terebi eakon

tokei

A: Sentā ni Perū no kenshūin ga imasu ka. B: Hai, arimasu. Indoneshia Kenia

Mekishiko

A: Kyōshitsu ni onna no hito ga imasu ka. B: Iie, imasen. Otoko no hito dake desu. otoko no hito / onna no hito sensei / kenshūin

(1)

(2)

A: Ginza ni depāto ga ikutsu arimasu ka. B: Itsutsu arimasu. mittsu yottsu

takusan

A: Sentā ni Mekishiko no kenshūin ga nan-nin imasu ka. B: 6-nin imasu. Ejiputo / 4-nin Tai / 10-nin gurai

Chūgoku / futari

(1)

Shinbun wa asoko ni arimasu. robii

(2)

tsukue no ue

kaban no naka

Sarimu-san wa robii ni imasu. heya

denwa no soba

erebētā no mae

(1)

A: Sentā ni nani ga arimasu ka. B: Toshoshitsu ya shokudō ga arimasu. heya / tsukue ya terebi

(2)

A: Denwa wa doko ni arimasu ka. B: Asoko ni arimasu. shinbun / robii

(3)

tsukue no ue / hon ya nōto

kagi / tsukue no naka

A: Sarimu-san wa doko ni imasu ka. B: Heya ni imasu. Tanaka-san / jimusho

neko / tsukue no shita

(1)

A: Tsukue no shita ni nani ga arimasu ka. B: Kaban ga arimasu. tsukue no ue / taipuraitā to denwa kodomo no ushiro / terebi

(2)

A: Depāto wa doko ni arimasu ka. B: Eki no mae ni arimasu. kōen / byōin no soba

hon-ya / biru no naka

(1)

Watashi wa kodomo ga hitori imasu.

A: Sumimasen.

(2)

B: Hai, arimasu. medikaru kādo

Pasupōto wa arimasu ka. meishi

setsumeisho

Watashi wa kangofu desu. Watashi no byōin wa Mekishiko-shiti ni arimasu. Byōin ni kangofu ga 300-nin gurai imasu. Atarashii byōin desu. Byōin no soba ni kōen ga arimasu. Koen ni ki ya hana ga takusan arimasu. Tori mo takusan imasu. Watashi wa mainichi kōen de sanpo o shimasu.

9

ONGAKU GA SUKI DESU.

KAIWA

Maria : Maria Satō

: Sato

Maria Satō Maria

: : :

Satō

:

Konnichiwa. Ā, Maria-san. Konnichiwa. Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. Kore, purezento desu. Dōzo. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu.

Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria

: : : : :

Ongaku no tēpu ga takusan arimasu ne. Hai. Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. Kurashikku ga suki desu. Sō desu ka. Watashi mo kurashikku ga suki desu.

Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō

: : : : :

Onaka ga sukimashita ne. Sō desu ne. Kyō wa tenpura o tsukurimasu. Watashi mo issho ni tsukuritai desu. Ja, issho ni tsukurimashō.

Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria

: : : : : :

Sā, dōzo. Itadakimasu. Maria san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. Hai, dekimasu. Totemo oishii desu ne. Motto ikaga desu ka. Iie, mō kekkō desu. Gochisōsama deshita.

9

WONT YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME? DIALOGUE Maria Satō Maria

: : :

Satō

:

Hello. Oh. Maria. Hi. Happy birthday. This is a present for you. Oh, thank you very much

Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria

: : : : :

You have lots of music tapes, don't you? Yes. What kind of music do you like? I like classical music. Do you? I like classical music, too.

Satō Maria Satō

: : :

I'm hungry. Aren't you? Yes, I am. I will make tempura today.

Maria Satō

: :

I'd like to join you. Would you? Then let's cook together.

Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria

: : : : : :

Please help yourself. Thank you. Can you use chopsticks, Maria? Yes, I can. This is so good. Won't you have some more? No more, thank you. Thank you very much for the good meal.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

suki (na) tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu purezento tēpu donna kurashikku Onaka ga sukimashita. tsukurimasu (tsukuru) tsukuritai desu (tsukurimasu  tsukuru) Sā, dōzo. Itadakimasu.

favorite ; liked birthday congratulations present;gift tape what kind of classical music I'm hungry. to make want to make

hashi tsukaimasu (tsukau)

Please start./Please help yourself. set expression used before having a meal. chopsticks to use

tsukau koto ga dekimasu (dekiru) dekimasu (dekiru) motto ikaga desu ka. Iie, mō kekkō desu. Gochisōsama deshita.

be able to/can use can How about some more? No more, thank you. Thank you (for the good food).

Atarashii kotoba Renshū supōtsu dansu uta sakkā jōzu (na) Ei-go taipu Supein-go Furansu-go kuruma unten katakana hiragana kanji naraimasu (narau) oboemasu (oboeru) agemasu (ageru) moraimasu (morau) (o) miyage soshite

New Words and Expressions

Exercise sports dance song soccer be good at English language typing;typewriter Spanish language French language car driving katakana hiragana kanji;Chinese characters to learn to memorized to learn to give to be given; to receive souvenir and

Kaisetsu

Notes

(Person) wa N ga jōzu/suki desu. 1. Wan-san wa uta ga jōzu/suki desu. [Mr. Wang is good at singing./ — likes to sing.] Note that 'suki' is not a verb as in English but rather belongs to the category of the na-adjective in Japanese. Negative sentences are made by changing 'desu’ into' ja arimasen.' Watashi wa uta ga jōzu ja arimasen. [I am not good at singing.] Ikimashō. [Let's go.]

V-mashō. 2.

Hiroshima e ikitai desu. [I'd like to go to Hiroshima.] The tai-form of a verb is used to express desire, and it is made by replacing 'masu’ of 'V-masu' with 'tai'. tabemasu Conjugation

tabe

+ tai

tabetai

Non-past

Past

Affirmative

V-tai desu

V-takatta desu

Negative

V-taku nai desu

V-taku nakatta desu

N o V-masu

N ga V-tai desu

Grammatically speaking, the 'o’ after the noun has to be changed into 'ga’ , but these days, the particle 'o’ is often kept without change. Bideo o mitai desu. [I'd like to watch the video.]

3 . The "dictionary form" of verbs: (1) The verbs in a dictionary are given not in the masu-form, but in the dictionary form. (2) The dictionary forms are often used in 'plain style' conversation. For instance, 'Terebi, miru?' instead of saying 'Terebi o mimasu ka.' Remember that the masu-form is polite enough for almost any occasions while the 'plain style' conversation is used only among close friends. (3) Verbs are classified into three groups : godan-verbs, ichidan-verbs, and irregular verbs. ☆Godan-verbs (drop 'imasu'+u)

arimasu --a + u kakimasu --kak + u ☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu and mimasu --mi + ru

 au  kaku add 'ru’ .)  miru

(to meet) (to write) (to see/watch)

☆lrregular verbs :

kimasu ki  ku + ru  kuru shimasu shi  su + ru  suru Godan-verbs kaimasu ikimasu kikimasu isogimasu hanashimasu machimasu nomimasu yomimasu kaerimasu owarimasu

kau iku kiku isogu hanasu matsu nomu yomu kaeru owaru

(to come) (to do)

Ichidan-verbs buy go listen hurry talk wait drink read return finish

imasu iru be okimasu okiru get up mimasu miru watch dekimasu dekiru can abimasu abiru take a shower nemasu neru sleep tabemasu taberu eat misemasu miseru show oboemasu oboeru memorize N

(person) wa

ga dekimasu. ~V (diet, f.) koto

4. 'dekimasu' is used to express ability or possibility. Watashi wa taipu ga dekimasu. [I can type.] Watashi wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu. [I can use chopsticks.]

'koto’ functions to change the preceding phrase into a noun phrase.

RENSHŪ (1)

Watashi wa supōtsu ga suki desu. kōhii

(2)a

b

kudamono

eiga

A: Wan-san wa dansu ga suki desu ka. B: Hai, suki desu. ongaku uta supōtsu A: Wan-san wa dansu ga suki desu ka. B: Iie, suki ja arimasen. ongaku uta supōtsu A: Sarimu-san wa supōtsu ga suki desu ka.

(3)

B: Hai, suki desu. A: Donna supōtsu ga suki desu ka. B: Sakkā ga suki desu. ongaku / kurashikku

kudamono / ringo

(1)

A: Maria-san wa uta ga jōzu desu ne. B: Iie, jōzu ja arimasen. tenisu dansu

ryōri

(1)

(2)

(3)

A: Satō-san wa Ei-go ga dekimasu ka. B: Hai, dekimasu. taipu tenisu

Supein-go

A: Maria-san wa Furansu-go ga dekimasu ka. B: Iie, dekimasen. taipu tenisu

kuruma no unten

A: Maria-san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. B: Hai, dekimasu. katakana/yomimasu

Nihon-go/hanashimasu hiragana/kakimasu (1)

Fuji-san e ikitai desu. kazoku ni aimasu tomodachi to hanashimasu kuni e kaerimasu

(2)

(1) (2)

A: Nihon de nani ga shitai desu ka. B: Kanji ga naraitai desu. Nihon no uta o oboemasu Kyōto e ikimasu Nihon-go no benkyō o shimasu Maria-san wa Satō-san ni purezento o agemashita. Satō-san wa Maria-san ni purezento o moraimashita omiyage hana



Kyō wa Satō-san no tanjōbi desu. Watashi wa Satō-san no uchi e ikimashita. Satō-san wa kurashikku ga suki desu. Soshite ryōri ga jōzu desu. Watashi wa Nihon no ryōri ga naraitai desu.

10

DONNA TOKORO DESU KA.

KAIWA Tanaka

:

Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu

: : :

Tanaka Sarimu

: :

Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka

: : :

Tanaka

: Tanaka

Sarimu

: Salim

Sarimu-san wa Bandon desu ne. Bandon wa atsui desu ka. lie, amari atsuku nai desu. Bandon wa donna tokoro desu ka. Shizuka na tokoro desu yo. Soshite totemo kirei na machi desu. Ki ga takusan arimasu. Yūmei na daigaku mo arimasu. Sō desu ka. Tōkyō wa dō desu ka. Omoshiroi desu ne. Takai biru ya kirei na mise ga takusan arimasu. Soshite hito ya kuruma ga totemo ōi desu ne. Demo bukka ga takai desu ne. Sō desu ne. Bandon wa dō desu ka. Tabemono ya yōfuku ga totemo yasui desu. Ā, sō desu ka.

10

WHAT KIND OF PLACE IS IT?

DIALOGUE Tanaka

:

You are from Bandung, aren't you? Is it hot in Bandung?

Salim

:

No, it's not so hot.

Tanaka

:

What is Bandung like?

Salim

:

It's a quiet place. It's a very beautiful town. There are many trees. There are some famous universities, too.

Tanaka

:

Is that so? What do you think of Tokyo?

Salim

:

Tanaka Salim Tanaka

: : :

It's interesting. There are many tall buildings and beautiful shops. And there are so many people and so much traffic. But prices are high, aren't they? Yes, that's right. What about Bandung? Oh, food and clothing are very cheap there. I see.

Bandon

Tōkyō

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

tokoro atsui amari --nai desu shizuka (na) machi yūmei (na) daigaku --wa dō desu ka. omoshiroi takai mise hito ōi demo bukka Sō desu ne.

place hot not so -quiet town ; community famous college; university How/What do you think of--? interesting high ; tall shop ; store a person much ; many but prices ; cost of living I agree./ I think so, too.

tabemono yōfuku

food clothing

Atarashii kotoba Renshū yasashii muzukashii shinsetsu (na) hansamu (na) benri (na) setsubi sutaffu nigiyaka (na) Okinawa uml kami gaikoku-jin iroiro (na)

New Words and Expressions

Exercise easy difficult kind handsome convenient facilities staff lively; busy Okinawa [a place name in Japan] sea hair foreigner various

i-keiyōshi

[i-adjectives]

na-keiyōshi

[na-adjectives]

atsui i samui

hot cold

genki

good health

kirei

beautiful/clean

tsumetai

cold

ōkii

big

hansamu suki

handsome favorite/liked

chiisai

small

kirai

disliked

takai

expensive

jōzu

be good at

yasui

cheap

heta

be bad at

ōi sukunai yasashii

much/many a little/a few easy

shizuka

quiet

nigiyaka

lively

muzukashii atarashii

difficult new

shinsetsu yūmei

kind famous

benri

convenient

furui

old

fuben

inconvenient

shiroi

white

iroiro

various

kuroi

black

akai

red

aoi

blue

ii

good

warui

bad

oishii

tasty

mazui omoshiroi

not tasty interesting/funny

tsumaranai

boring

urusai takai

noisy high/tall

hikui

low/short

nagai

long

mijikai

short

isogashii

busy

Kaisetsu

Notes

i-adj. N wa

desu. na-adj.

Kono kamera wa yasui desu. [This camera is cheap.] Maria-san wa shinsetsu desu.

1.

[Maria is kind.] There are two kinds of adjectives, the ‘i-adjectives' and the 'na-adjectives'. In most cases, those that end with the V sound are t-adjectives, although there are some exceptions like ‘kirei' which belong to the rca-adjective category. Both adjectives are used as the predicates of sentences and as the modifiers of following nouns. i-adj. N na-adj. na

oishii ringo [a delicious apple] shinsetsu na hito [a kind person]

2.

In Japanese, both kinds of adjectives always come before their modifying nouns. The difference between the i-adj. and the na-adj. is that the i-adj. uses the same form to modify a noun, while the na-adj. takes 'na’ between the adjective and the noun. yasui sētā. Kore wa yasui sētā desu. [a cheap sweater] [This is a cheap sweater.] kirei na sētā Kore wa kirei na sētā desu. [a pretty sweater] [This is a pretty sweater.] nai desu. i-adj.ku arimasen. 3.

Kono kamera wa yasui desu. [This camera is cheap.] Maria-san wa shinsetsu desu.

[Maria is kind.] There are two negative forms. The nai-form is widely used in informal 'plain style' speech. The negative forms are made as follows : (Drop ‘i’ and add 'ku + nai desu/arimasen') takai takai

taka + taka +

ku + ku +

nai desu arimasen

takaku nai desu takaku arimasen

The i-adjective 'ii' ("good") has a more formal form 'yoi' which is always used to make the negative, as follows: yoi

yo +

ku +

nai desu

nai desu.

Kore wa kirei ja nai desu. [This is not clean/pretty.] Kore wa kirei ja arimasen. arimasen yoku arimasen

i-adj.ja yoi

yoku nai desu

arimasen. yo + ku +

4.

[This is not clean/pretty.] The negative form of the na-adjective is made by replacing 'desu’ with its negative form 'ja arimasen’ or 'ja nai desu.'. N wa dō desu ka.

Nihon-go no kurasu wa dō desu ka. [How do you like the Japanese language class?]

5. 'dō’ in this case is an interrogative pronoun to ask for someone's impression. Q: Hoteru wa dō desu ka. A: Totemo ii desu. Donna N desu ka.

[What do you think of the hotel?]

[It's very good.]

Bandon wa donna tokoro desu ka. [What kind of place is Bandung?]

6. 'donna’ is an interrogative pronoun to ask the state of an object. For example, the answer to the question 'Donna hon desu ka' could be "a detective story" or "a small, thin book".

Q: Donna hana desu ka. [What kind of flower is it?] A: Chiisai hana desu. [It's a small flower.] Q: Donna hito desu ka.

[What kind of person is he?]

A: Shinsetsu na hito desu. [He's a kind person.] Ni wa N2 ga adj. desu.

Ginza wa hito ga ōi desu. [Ginza is crowded with people.]

7. This sentence pattern is used to give an idea about N1 by describing the state of N2 (a subsidiary of the subject).

RENSHŪ (1)

Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu. yasashii

(2)

b

(4)a

b

(5)

(6)



takai

Furonto no hito wa shinsetsu desu. hansamu

(3)a

muzukashii

kirei

genki

A: Hoteru wa ōkii desu ka. B: Hai, ōkii desu. atarashii yasui

ii

A: Hoteru wa ōkii desu ka. B: Iie, ōkiku nai desu. atarashii yasui

ii

A: Hoteru wa benri desu ka. B: Hai, benri desu. kirei shizuka

yumei

A: Hoteru wa benri desu ka. B: Iie, benri ja arimasen. kirei shizuka

yumei

A: Kenshū wa dō desu ka. B: Omoshiroi desu. ii muzukashii

A: Heya wa dō desu ka. B: Kirei desu. ryōri / oishii setsubi / ii sutaffu / shinsetsu

isogashii

(1)

Kore wa atarashii kuruma desu. ii

(2)

takai

Tōkyō wa kirei na tokoro desu. nigiyaka

(3)

ōkii

yumei

benri

A: Bandon wa donna machi desu. B: Shizuka na machi desu. kirei ii

omoshiroi

(1)

Tōkyō wa hito ga ōi desu. Nihon / bukka / takai Okinawa / umi / kirei Satō-san / kami / nagai

A: Sarimu-san, Nihon-go no benkyō wa do desu ka. (1)

B: Omoshiroi desu.

Demo chotto muzukashii desu ne.

A: Sō desu ka.

A: Maria-san, sentā wa dō desu ka. (2)

B: Totemo kirei desu.

Soshite benri desu.

A: Sore wa ii desu ne. Bandon wa shizuka na tokoro desu. Ki ga takusan arimasu.

Soshite totemo kirei desu. Gaikoku jin ga

takusan imasu.

Hoteru ya iroiro na mise ga arimasu.

Nihon no resutoran mo arimasu.

Bandon wa tabemono ya yōfuku ga totemo yasui desu. Indoneshia wa totemo atsui kuni desu. amari atsuku nai desu.

Demo Bandon wa

11

KYŌTO WA DŌ DESHITA KA.

KAIWA Tanaka

:

Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria

: : : : :

Tanaka Maria

: :

Tanaka Maria

: :

Tanaka Maria

: :

Tanaka

: Tanaka

Maria

: Maria

Maria-san, senshū no nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimashita ka. Tomodachi to issho ni Kyōto e ikimashita. Kyōto desu ka. Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. Totemo kirei deshita. Furui o-tera o takusan mimashita. Shashin o torimashita ka. Ē, takusan torimashita. Ehagaki mo kaimashita. Sō desu ka. Tenki wa dō deshita ka. Asa wa sukoshi ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa totemo ii tenki deshita. Sore wa yokatta desu ne. Tsukaremashita ka. Ē, ichinichi-jū arukimashita kara sukoshi tsukaremashita. Demo totemo tanoshikatta desu. Sō desu ka. Yokatta desu ne. Ē. Mō ichi do ikitai desu.

11

HOW DID YOU LIKE KYOTO?

DIALOGUE Tanaka Sentā Tanaka Sentā Tanaka Satō

: : : : : :

Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria

: : : :

Tanaka Maria

: :

Maria, what did you do last Sunday? I went to Kyoto with my friend. Oh, you went to Kyoto! How did you like Kyoto7 Very beautiful. We visited many old temples. Did you take pictures? Yes, I took many pictures. I bought picture postcards, too. I see. How was the weather? It rained a little in the morning, but it was very fine in the afternoon. That's good. Did you get tired? Yes. We walked all day long and we became a little tired. But we enjoyed the trip very much. Really? How nice! I'd like to go there once more.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

--deshita senshū furui (o) tera shashin o torimasu (toru) ehagaki tenki sukoshi ame furimasu (furu) (--deshita) ga, yokatta (ii) tsukaremasu (tsukareru) ichinichi-jū arukimasu (aruku) tanoshikatta (tanoshii)

was/were last week old Buddhist temples to take pictures picture postcard weather a little ; a few rain to rain ; to snow but was good to get tired all day long to walk was fun/enjoyable

Atarashii kotoba Renshū yuki kumori ryokō

New Words and Expressions

Exercise snow cloudy trip

kengaku jisshū kikai hima (na) jūsu biiru watashitachi

observation practical experience on a job/site machine not busy ; free juice beer we

Hi day

Shū week

Tsuki month

Toshi year

kinō yesterday

senshū last week

sengetsu last month

kyonen last year

kyō today

konshū this week

kongetsu this month

kotoshi this year

ashita tomorrow

raishū next week

raigetsu next month

rainen next year

Kaisetsu

Notes

1. Noun & na-adjectives Affirmative Negative

ame = Noun

Non-past

Past

- -desu

--deshita

--ja arimasen

--ja arimasen deshita

--ja nai desu

--ja nakatta desu

non-past affirmative kyō wa ame desu.

[It's raining today.]

non-past negative Kyō wa ame ja arimasen.

[It isn't raining today.]

(Kyō wa ame ja nai desu.) past affirmative Kinō wa ame deshita.

(1)

[It was raining yesterday.]

past negative Kinō wa ame ja arimasen deshita. [It wasn't raining yesterday.] (Kinō wa ame ja nakatta desu.)

shizuka = na-adj. non-past affirmative Sentā wa shizuka desu.

[The centre is quiet.]

non-past negative Sentā wa shizuka ja arimasen.

[The centre is not quiet.]

(Sentā wa shizuka ja nai desu.) past affirmative Sentā wa shizuka deshita.

(2)

[The centre was quiet.]

past negative Sentā wa shizuka ja arimasen desita. [The centre wasn't quiet.] (Sentā wa shizuka ja nakatta desu.)

2 . i-adjectives Non-past Affirmative Negative

Past

--i desu

--katta desu

--ku arimasen

--ku arimasen deshita

--ku nai desu

--ku nakatta desu

The past tense of the z-adjectives is made as follows. yasashii + katta desu yasashiku nai + katta desu

yasashikatta desu yasashiku nakatta desu

yasashiku arimasen + deshita

yasashiku arimasen deshita

(Conjugation table of i-adjectives) Non-past Affirmative Negative

Past Affirmative

Negative

atsui desu

atsuku nai desu

atsukatta desu

atsuku nakatta desu

samui desu

samuku nai desu

samukatta desu

samuku nakatta desu

takai desu

takaku nai desu

takakatta desu

takaku nakatta desu

yasui desu

yasuku nai desu

yasukatta desu

yasuku nakatta desu

furui desu

furuku nai desu

furukatta desu

furuku nakatta desu

ii desu

yoku nai desu

yokatta desu

yoku nakatta desu

S1 ga, S2

(S = sentence)

3. Hoteru wa kirei desu ga, chiisai desu. [The hotel is clean but small.] 'ga’ added after a sentence is a conjunction meaning "but". Note that the conjunction comes after the first sentence, not at the head of the following phrase/sentence as in English. Ei-go wa wakarimasu ga, Supein-go wa wakarimasen. [I can understand English, but I can't understand Spanish.] RENSHŪ (1)

Kinō wa ii tenki deshita. ame

(2)a

b

yuki

kumori

A: Do-yōbi wa ame deshita ka. B: Hai, ame deshita. yuki ii tenki

kumori

A: Do-yōbi wa ame deshita ka.

B: Iie, ame ja arimasen deshita. yuki ii tenki (3)a

b

(4)a

b

(5)

kumori

A: Ryōri wa oishikatta desu ka. B: Hai, oishikatta desu. ryokō / omoshirokatta jisshū / yokatta

kengaku / tanoshikatta

A: Ryōri wa oishikatta desu ka. B: Iie, oishiku nakatta desu. ryokō / omoshirokatta jisshū / yokatta

kengaku / tanoshikatta

A: Machi wa kirei deshita ka. B: Hai, kirei deshita. nigiyaka shizuka A: Machi wa kirei deshita ka. B: Iie, kirei ja arimasen deshita. nigiyaka shizuka A: Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. B: Omoshirokatta desu. ii kirei

shizuka

(1)

Kono heya wa kirei desu ga, chiisai desu. Kono kikai wa benri desu / takai desu Nihon-go wa omoshiroi desu / chotto muzukashii desu Kono ryōri wa takai desu / oishii desu

(2)

Do-yōbi wa isogashii desu ga, nichi-yōbi wa hima desu. Ei-go wa wakarimasu / Supein-go wa wakarimasen Jūsu wa arimasu / biiru wa arimasen Kudamono wa suki desu / yasai wa suki ja arimasen

Senshū watashi wa tomodachi to Kyōto e ikimashita. Kyōto wa totemo kirei deshita.

Furui o-tera e ikimashita.

O-tera wa shizuka deshita. Ehagaki mo kaimashita.

Shashin o takusan torimashita. Sorekara Kyōto no ryōri mo

tabemashita. Asa wa sukoshi ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa totemo ii tenki deshita. Watashitachi wa ichinichi-jū arukimashita kara sukoshi tsukaremashita.

Demo totemo

tanoshikatta desu. Watashi wa mō ichi-do Kyōto e ikitai desu.

12

OSHIETE KUDASAI.

KAIWA

Sarimu

: Salim

Furonto

: Front desk

Eki'in

: Station attendant

[1] Sarimu

:

Furonto

:

Sarimu

:

Furonto Sarimu Furonto

: : :

Sarimu [2] Sarimu Eki'in Sarimu Eki'in

:

Sarimu

:

: : : :

Sumimasen. Chotto oshiete kudasai. Ueno Dōbutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka. Chikatetsu de Shinjuku e ikimasu. Sorekara Shinjuku de JR ni norikaemasu. Soshite Ueno de orimasu. Hai, wakarimashita. Shinjuku kara Ueno made. dono gurai desu ka. 20-pun gurai desu. Eki kara Dōbutsuen made chikai desu ka. Ē, chikai desu yo. Aruite 10-pun gurai desu. Ueno-eki de kiite kudasai. Hai, wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. Anō, sumimasen. Hai, nan desu ka. Dōbutsuen wa doko desu ka. Soko o massugu itte kudasai. Koko kara 10-pun gurai desu. Hai. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita.

12

PLEASE TELL ME.

DIALOGUE [1] Salim Front

: :

Salim Front Salim Front

: : : :

Salim [2] Salim S.A. Salim S.A.

:

Salim

:

: : : :

Excuse me. Could you tell me how to go to the Ueno Zoo? Please go to Shinjuku by subway. Then transfer to the JR at Shinjuku and then get off at Ueno. All right. How long will it take to go to Ueno from Shinjuku? About 20 minutes. Is the zoo close to the station? Yes. it is. It's about 10 minutes on foot. Please ask the way at the station. All right. Thank you very much. Uh. excuse me. Yes. What can I do for you? How can I get to the zoo? Please go straight ahead there. It will take about 10 minutes. O.K. Thank you very much.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

oshiete kudasai (oshiemasu  oshieru) Ueno dōbutsuen dō yatte chikatetsu (chikatetsu) de JR — ni (norikaemasu) norikaemasu (norikaeru) orimasu (oriru) dono gurai chikai aruite (arukimasu  aruku) kiite kudasai (kikimasu  kiku) -- o

please teach ; please tell Ueno [a place name in Tokyo) zoo how subway by (subway) Japan Railways (to change trains) to to change trains to get off how long near ; close to on foot please ask a particle indicating location along

massugu

which motion takes place straight ahead

Atarashii kotoba Renshū jūsho chizu

New Words and Expressions

Exercise address map

kashimasu (kasu) airon motte kimasu (motte kuru) mado shimemasu (shimeru) akemasu (akeru) denki tsukemasu (tsukeru) michi hidari (hidarj) ni magarimasu (magaru) basu norimasu (noru) shinkansen Narita hikōki densha takushii kūkō --jikan tori migi kantan (na) oshimasu (osu) shingō

Nan-jikan [How many hours

to lend iron to bring ; to fetch window to close to open electricity; light to turn on road left to (the left) to turn bus to get on bullet train Narita [a place name in Japan] airplane train taxi airport hours street right simple ; easy to push traffic light

?]

1

ichi-jikan

6

roku-jikan

2

ni-jikan

7

shichi-jikan/nana-jikan

3

san-jikan

8

hachi-jikan

4

yo-jikan

9

ku-jikan

5

go-jikan

10

jū-jikan

Kaisetsu

Notes

Mado o akete kudasai. [ Please open the window.]

V-te kudasai. 1.

Te-form of verbs : the three groups of verbs were introduced in Lesson 9, where the dictionary form was introduced. The te-form is used in many ways with supplementary words, for instance. ‘Verb-te kudasai' is used to express a request ; 'Verb-te imasu’ ( Lesson 13) is used to express conditions or states.

2 . The te-form of verbs are made as follows : ☆Godan-verbs :

kaimasu  machimasu  norimasu 

ka ma no

+ tte + tte + tte

 katte  matte  notte

(to buy) (to wait) (to get on)

kakimasu  isogimasu 

ka iso

+ ite + ide

 kaite  isoide

(to write) (to hurry)

yobimasu  shinimasu/  nomimasu 

yo shi no

+ nde + nde + nde

 yonde  shinde  nonde

(to call) (to die) (to drink)

kashimasu 

kash i

+

 kashite

(to lend)

ikimasu 

i

 itte

(to go)

te

+ tte

☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu’ and

mimasu okimasu tabemasu akemasu

   

mi oki tabe ake

+ + + +

te te te te

add 'te’ .)  mite  okite  tabete  akete

(to see) (to get up) (to eat) (to open)

☆lrregular verbs :

kimasu  shimasu 

ki shi

+ te + te

 kite  shite

(to come) (to do)

N de V-masu.

Densha de ikimasu. [I'll go by train.]

3. The particle 'de’ has a function to indicate that the preceding noun is the tool or method used in performing the action indicated by the verb in a sentence. (Note that another function of 'de' is to indicate the place where an action takes place) Enpitsu de kaite kudasai. [Please write with a pencil.] Ei-go de hanashite kudasai. [Please speak in English.]

dō yatte

Kūkō made dō yatte ikimasu ka. [How do I go to the airport?]

4. This is an interrogative to ask "how". Dō yatte tsukaimasu ka. [How do I use this?] Dō yatte tabemasu ka. [How do I eat it?] dono gurai

Kūkō made dono gurai desu ka. [ How long will it take to get to the airport ?]

5. 'dono gurai' is an interrogative to ask "How long", "How far". Tōkyō kara Yokohama made dono gurai desu ka. [How far is it from Tokyo to Yokohama?]

RENSHŪ (1)

Namae o kaite kudasai. jūsho

(2)

bideo

airon

Koko e kite kudasai. jimusho

(4)

denwa-bangō

Jisho o kashite kudasai. enpitsu

(3)

chizu

furonto

robii

Pasupōto o motte kite kudasai. chizu

kamera

medikaru kādo

(1)

Sumimasen.

Denwa-bangō o oshiete kudasai.

furonto e kimasu chizu o kakimasu (2)

(3)

mado o shimemasu Tanaka-san ni kikimasu

A: Sumimasen. Mado o akete kudasai. B: Hai. denki o tsukemasu jimusho e ikimasu A: Sumimasen.

kono kanji o yomimasu chotto machimasu

Dōbutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka.

B: Kono michi o massugu itte kudasai. Asoko o hidari ni magarimasu 4-ban no basu ni norimasu Shinjuku de JR ni norikaemasu

(1)

Tōkyō-eki de orimasu. norimasu

(2)

norikaemasu

Tokyō-eki de shinkansen ni norimasu. Shinjuku / JR Narita / hikōki

koko / basu

(3)

Jimusho made densha de ikimasu. chikatetsu de takushii de

(4)

(5)

basu de aruite

A: Kūkō made nan de ikimasu ka. B: Basu de ikimasu. densha takushii

densha to basu

A: Koko kara kūkō made dono gurai desu ka. B: Densha de 30-pun desu. 45-fun 1 –jikan

1 –jikan han

A: Sumimasen.

Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka.

B: Kono tōri o massugu itte kudasai. (1)

Koko kara 3-pun gurai desu. Depāto wa migi ni arimasu. A: Wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita.

A: Sumimasen.

Kore wa dō yatte tsukaimasu ka.

Oshiete kudasai. B: Ē, ii desu yo. (2)

Kantan desu.

Koko o oshite kudasai. Sorekara koko o oshite kudasai. A: A, wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita.

Kyō wa Kokusai Hoteru e ikimashita.

Michi ga wakarimasen

deshita kara Nihon-jin ni kikimashita. A: Kokusai Hoteru wa doko desu ka. B: Kono tōri o massugu itte kudasai. Asoko ni shingō ga arimasu ne.

Asoko o migi ni magatte kudasai.

Hoteru wa hidari desu. A: Sumimasen.

Wakarimasu ka.

Chizu o kaite kudasai.

B: Hai, ii desu yo. · · · · · ·

Kokusai Hoteru

Sono hito wa totemo shinsetsu deshita.

13

DOKO NI TOMATTE IMASU KA.

KAIWA

Maria

: Maria

Satō

: Sato

Sarimu : Salim

Maria Satō Sarimu Satō Sarimu

: : : : :

Satō-san, kochira wa Sarimu-san desu. Hajimemashite. Satō desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu-san, kenshū-kōsu wa nan desu ka. Konpyūta desu. Daigaku de jisshū o shite imasu. Tokidoki kengaku mo arimasu.

Satō Sarimu Satō Sarimu

: : : :

Satō

:

Sō desu ka. Sarimu-san wa ima doko ni tomatte imasu ka. Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. Sō desu ka. Go-kazoku mo Nihon ni imasu ka. Iie, Indoneshia ni imasu. Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kanai wa ginkō de hataraite imasu. Satō-san wa Bandon o shitte imasu ka. Hai, shitte imasu. Ichi-do ikimashita. Ii tokoro desu ne.

13

WHERE ARE YOU STAYING?

DIALOGUE Maria Sato Salim Sato Salim

: : : : :

Sato Salim Sato Salim

: : : :

Sato

:

Ms. Sato, this is Mr. Salim. How do you do. I'm Sato. Nice to meet you. I'm Salim. Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Salim, what is your training course? Computer. I'm gaining practical experience at a university. Sometimes we have observation tours. I see. Where are you staying now? I'm staying at the Kokusai Hotel. Are you? Is your family in Japan? No, they are in Indonesia. They live in Bandung. My wife is working for a bank. Do you know Bandung, Ms. Sato? Yes, I do. I went there once. It's a nice place, isn't it?

Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa

New Words and Expressions

Dialogue

V-te imasu (--te iru) tomatte imasu (tomarimasu->tomaru) kochira go-(go) kazoku sunde imasu (sumimasu  sumu) kanai hataraite imasu (hatarakimasuhataraku) shitte imasu (shirimasushiru) ichi-do

be V-ing to be staying this (polite form of 'kore') honorific prefix (your) family to live my wife to be working to know once

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Renshū

Exercise

kaisha shujin gakkō kōgi kōgi o ukemasu (ukeru) mochimasu (motsu) kekkon-shimasu (kekkon-suru) okusan (go) shujin otōsan chichi musuko musume (10) -sai kodomotachi kawaii

company ; office my husband school lecture to have lectures to have ; to hold to get married (your/his) wife (your/her) husband (your) father my father my son my daughter (10) years old children cute ; sweet

watashi no kazoku

kazoku [family]

--san no go-kazoku

shujin/otto

husband

(Maria-san no) go-shujin

kanai/tsuma

wife

(Sarimu-san no) okusan

kodomo

child (ren)

kodomo-san

musuko

son

musuko-san

musume

daughter

musume-san

sofu

grandfather

ojiisan

sobo

grandmother

obāsan

chichi

father

otōsan

haha

mother

okāsan

kyōdai

brothers and sisters

go-kyōdai

ani

older brother

oniisan

ane

older sister

onesan

otōto

younger brother

otōto-san

imōto

younger sister

imōto-san

akanbō

baby

akachan

oji

uncle

ojisan

oba

aunt

obasan

itoko

cousin

oitokosan

oi

nephew

oigosan

mei

niece

meigosan

Kaisetsu

V-te imasu.

Notes

Ima tegami o kaite imasu. [Now I am writing a letter.]

1. This pattern is made by adding 'imasu’ to the te-form of a verb. It describes in a broad sense a state, what people are doing, or how things are going. It indicates actions in progress, one's habitual activities, etc., roughly corresponding to English "be V-ing". (1) Action in progress : Ima tegami o kaite imasu. [Now I'm writing a letter.] (2) Present state/situation : Ginkō de hataraite imasu. [I am working for a bank.] Kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. [My family lives in Bandung.] There are several very useful verbs which are normally used in the ‘V-te imasu' pattern. (1) (2) (3)

Pasupoto o motte imasu ka. A: Hai, motte imasu. A: Iie, motte imasen. Tai-go o shitte imasu ka. A: Hai, shitte imasu. A: lie, shirimasen. Shinbun o utte imasu. (urimasuuru ; to sell)

[Do you have your passport?] [Yes, I do.] [No, I don't.] [Do you know Thai language?] [Yes, I do.] [No, I don't.] [They sell newspapers.]

RENSHŪ (1)

Wan-san wa ima terebi o mite imasu.

shinbun / yomimasu tegami / kakimasu benkyo / shimasu (2)

(3)

A: Maria-san wa ima nani o shite imasu ka. B: Maria-san wa ima ongaku o kiite imasu. shashin o torimasu tomodachi to hanashimasu heya de nemasu Ima ame ga futte imasu. yuki

(1)

Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. sentā

(2)

Kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kairo

(3)

Pekin

Kanai wa depāto de hataraite imasu. ginkō

(4)

tomodachi no uchi

kaisha

Shujin wa daigaku de oshiete imasu. gakkō

sentā

(1)

(2)

(3)

A: Maria-san wa doko ni tomatte imasu ka. B: Sentā ni tomatte imasu. Sarimu-san / Kokusai Hoteru A: Sentā de nani o shite imasu ka. B: Nihon-go no benkyō o shite imasu. jisshū o shimasu kōgi o ukemasu A: Kamera o motte imasu ka.

B: Hai, motte imasu. kazoku no shashin kuruma (4)

(5)

(6)

A: Sarimu-san wa kekkon-shite imasu ka. B: Hai, kekkon-shite imasu. Wan-san Tanaka-san A: Hoteru no denwa-bangō o shitte imasu ka. B: Iie, shirimasen. sentā no jūsho Nihon no uta A: Okusan wa nani o shite imasu ka. B: Kanai wa yūbinkyoku de hataraite imasu. go-shujin / shujin otōsan / chichi

A: Ima nan no kenshū o shite imasu ka. B: Konpyūta no jisshu o shite imasu. (1)

Totemo omoshiroi desu. A: Sō desu ka. Doko ni tomatte imasu ka. B: Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. A: Sentā no jūsho o shitte imasu ka.

(2)

B: Sumimasen. Denwa-bangō wa shitte imasu ga, jūsho wa shirimasen. A: Ā, sō desu ka.

Watashi no kazoku

Watashi no kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kazoku wa kanai to kodomo ga futari desu. hataraite imasu.

Kanai wa ginkō de

Kodomo wa musuko to musume desu.

Musuko wa 10-sai, musume wa 8-sai desu. Kodomotachi wa totemo genki desu. Watashi wa kazoku no shashin o itsumo motte imasu. Kodomotachi wa totemo kawaii desu.

14

DO SHITA N DESU KA.

KAIWA

Sarimu

: Salim

Shokuin

: Staff

[1] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu

: : : : : : : : :

Sumimasen. Jisshū o yasundemo ii desu ka. E? Dō shita n desu ka. Atama ga itai n desu. Netsu wa arimasu ka. Hai, 38-do gurai desu. Kusuri o nomimashita ka. lie, mada desu. Ato de nomimasu. Sō desu ka. Ja, odaiji ni. Arigatō gozaimasu.

Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin

: : : :

Konnichiwa. Ā, Sarimu-san, dō desu ka. Mō daijōbu desu. Yokatta desu ne.

Sarimu

:

Arigatō gozaimasu.

Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu

: : :

Shokuin

:

Anō, kōra ga demasen. E? O-kane o iremashita ga demasen. Dō shitara ii desu ka. Sō desu ka. Chotto matte kudasai.

[2]

14

WHAT'S THE MATTER ?

DIALOGUE [1] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu

: : : : : : : : :

Excuse me. May I be absent from the practice' What? What's the matter' I have a headache. Do you have a fever ? Yes, I do. It's about 38°C. Have you taken any medicine? No, not yet. I'll take some later. All right. Please take care of yourself. Thank you.

Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu [2] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu

: : : : :

Hello. Oh, Mr. Salim, how are you? I'm all right, thank you. I'm glad to hear that. Thank you very much.

: : :

Shokuin

:

Say, the cola machine doesn't work. What? I put in some coins, but the drink didn't come out. What should I do? All right. Please wait a moment.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

Dō shita n desu ka. shokuin yasundemo ii desu ka (yasumimasuyasumu) atama itai Atama ga itai n desu. netsu (38)-do kusuri ato de odaiji ni mō daijōbu desu anō kōra demasu (deru) (o) kane iremasu (ireru) Dō shitara ii desu ka.

What's the matter? staff May I be absent from -- ? head ache I have a headache. fever ; temperature (38) degree medicine later Take care of yourself. already I'm all right. Excuse me. /welliuh cola to come out money to put in What should I do?

Atarashii kotoba Renshū suwarimasu (suwaru) dōzo panfuretto tabako o suimasu (suu) kōjō

New Words and Expressions

Exercise to sit please pamphlet to smoke cigarettes factory

dame (na) Sore wa ikemasen ne. onaka kibun kibun ga warui kaze kega (heya de) yasumimasu (yasumu)

no good ; not allowed That's too bad. stomach feeling feel bad cold ; influenza injury to have a rest (in the room)

Kaisetsu

V- temo ii desu ka.

Notes

Shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. [May I take some pictures?]

1. This sentence pattern is used to ask for permission. In daily communication, the answers are as follows: Positive response: Q: Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. [May I sit here?] A: Hai, dōzo. [Yes, please.] Negative response: 'Sumimasen, chotto•••' is a very useful expression when you want to turn down the request or offer. [ Lesson 7] Q: Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. [May I sit here?] A: Sumimasen, chotto••• Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. [Sorry -A friend of mine is coming here.] Suppose that you visit a factory and wonder if you could take some pictures there. If there's a rule in the factory that doesn't allow you to take pictures, 'dame desu’ is often used. Please remember that it is rather a strong expression of prohibition and it is better to refrain from using it. Q: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. [May I take some pictures in the factory?]. A: Hai, dōzo. / Ē, ii desu yo. [Yes, please/Yes, you may.] Iie, dame desu. / Sumimasen, chotto··· [No, it isn't allowed./Sorry···]

Dō shita n desu ka. 2.

Sarimu-san, dō shita n desu ka. [What's the matter, Mr. Salim?]

This expression is used to ask the reason when someone is in trouble or is in an unusual state. It has the connotation that the speaker wants to know the reason for the situation.

Atama ga itai n desu. [I have a headache.]

--n desu. 3.

One of the functions of 'n’ is to ask/give the reasons for a situation. The preceding phrase indicates the reason for the situation. Q: Sarimu-san, dō shita n desu ka. [Mr. Salim, what's the matter with you?] A: Onaka ga itai n desu. [I have a stomachache.] Mō kusuri o nomirnashita ka. [Have you already taken some medicine?]

Mō V-mashita 4.

'mō' means "already". This pattern is used to indicate that a certain expected action has already been taken. Iie, mada desu. [No, not yet.]

mada desu. 5.

The positive answer to the question 'mō V-mashita ka' is 'Hai, Vmashita / Hai, mo V-mashita.' The negative answer to the same question is ‘Iie, mada desu.'

[

Q: Mō asa-gohan o tabemashita ka. Have you already eaten your breakfast?].

A: Hai, (mō) tabemashita. [Yes, please/Yes, you may.] Iie, mada desu. [No, not yet.] Dō shitara ii desu ka 6.

[What should I do?]

This expression is used when you are in trouble and you want to know what you should do. For instance, this expression is useful when you lost valuables such as passport, money, camera, etc.. Pasupōto o nakushimashita. Dō shitara ii desu ka. [I've lost my passport. What should I do']

RENSHŪ (1)a

b

(2)a

b

A: Sumimasen.

Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka.

B: Hai, dōzo. eakon o tsukemasu

panfuretto o moraimasu

A: Sumimasen. Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. B: Sumimasen. Chotto··· tabako o suimasu mado o akemasu A: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. B: Hai, ii desu. enpitsu de kakimasu

ashita yasumimasu

A: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. B: Iie, dame desu. kyōshitsu de tabako o suimasu heya de ryōri o shimasu

A: Dō shita n desu ka. (1)

B: Atama ga itai n desu. A: Sore wa ikemasen ne. onaka ga itai kibun ga warui

(2)a

b

(3)

A: Mō kusuri o nomimashita ka. B: Hai, nomimashita. byōin e ikimasu

medikaru kādo o moraimasu

A: Mō kusuri o nomimashita ka. B: Iie, mada desu. byōin e ikimasu A: Kaze wa dō desu ka. B: Hai, mō daijōbu desu.

medikaru kādo o moraimasu

A: Sō desu ka.

Yokatta desu ne.

B: Arigatō gozaimasu.

onaka

kega

kibun

A: Kaze wa dō desu ka. (4)

B: Mada chotto··· A: Sō desu ka. Odaiji ni. onaka kega kibun

A: Sumimasen. (1)

Kippu ga demasen.

Dō shitara ii desu ka. B: Chotto matte kudasai. okane

kōra

tabako

Kino wa jisshu o yasumimashita. itakatta desu.

Asa wa atama ga

Netsu ga arimashita kara byoin e ikimashita.

Gogo wa heya de yasumimashita. Kyo wa netsu ga arimasen. Mo daijobu desu.

15

SHASHIN

Atama mo itaku nai desu.

WA

TORANAIDE

KUDASAI. KAIWA

Shokuin

: Staff

Sarimu

: Salim

Shokuin Sarimu Furonto

:

Shokuin Sarimu

: :

Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu

: : : : :

Shokuin Sarimu

: :

Shokuin

:

Sarimu

:

:

Minasan konnichiwa. Imakara kōjō o goannai-shimasu. Yoroshiku onegai-shimasu. Anō, shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. Sumimasen. Shashin wa toranaide kudasai. Hai, wakarimashita. Koko wa hito ga sukunai desu ne. Hai. Robotto o tsukatte imasu kara. Robotto wa nan-dai arimasu ka. 280-dai gurai arimasu. Sō desu ka. Ikkagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. 20,000-dai desu. 20,000-dai desu ka. Sugoi desu ne. Kengaku wa kore de owarimasu. Otsukaresama deshita. Kyō wa iroiro osewa ni narimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita.

15

PLEASE DO NOT TAKE PICTURES.

DIALOGUE Staff Salim Staff Salim

: : : :

Hello, everybody. I'll show you around the factory. Thank you very much. And, may I take some pictures? I'm sorry but please do not take pictures here. All right.

Salim Staff Salim Staff Salim Staff Salim

: : : : : : :

There are not so many people here. Yes, because we are using robots. How many robots do you have? About 280. I see. How many cars can you produce a month? About 20.000 cars. 20,000! That's impressive!

Staff Salim

: :

The observation tour is over now. Thank you for your cooperation. Thank you very much for your kindness.

Atarashii kotoba

New Words and Expressions

Kaiwa

Dialogue

V-naide kudasai toranaide kudasai minasan imakara (go) annai-shimasu (annai-suru) Yoroshiku onegai-shimasu. sukunai robotto nan-dai ikkagetsu (ikkagetsu) ni sugoi kore de owarimasu Otsukaresama deshita.

please don't -please don't take -everybody from now on to show you around (lit : I thank you in advance.) a little ; a few robot how many units one month per (month) impressive ; great to be over now Thank you for your cooperation. (lit : You must be tired.) Thank you for yo'ur kindness.

Osewa ni narimashita.

Nan-kagetsu [How many months?] 1

ikkagetsu

7

nana-kagetsu

2

ni-kagetsu

8

hachi-kagetsu / hakkagetsu

3

san-kagetsu

9

kyū-kagetsu

4

yon-kagetsu

10

jikkagetsu / jukkagetsu

5

go-kagetsu

11

jūikkagetsu

6

*rokkagetsu

12

jūni-kagetsu

*han-toshi (half a year)

Atarashii kotoba Renshū

New Words and Expressions

Exercise

beddo wasuremasu (wasureru) kowaremasu (kowareru) hanbaiki sentakuki fakkusu sawarimasu (sawaru) abunai hairimasu (hairu) --kagetsu --nen --shūkan --kai --nichi oinori-shimasu (oinori-suru) firumu -- hon

bed to forget to be broken vending machine washing machine facsimile machine to touch dangerous to enter --month(s) --year(s) --week(s) --time(s) --day(s) to pray film [classifier for long objects such as pencils, bottles, etc.]

hagaki -- mai kitte kin'en furasshu shumi nan-kai shiryō

postcard --sheet(s) of stamp no smoking flash (for camera) hobby how often;how many times printed material;data

Nan-nichi [How many days?]

Nan-shukan [How many weeks?]

1

ichi-nichi

1

isshūkan

2

futsuka

2

ni-shūkan

3

mikka

3

san-shūkan

4

yokka

4

yon-shūkan

5

itsuka

5

go-shūkan

6

muika

6

roku-shūkan

7

nanoka

7

nana-shūkan

8

yōka

8

hasshūkan

9

kokonoka

9

kyū-shūkan

10

tōka

10

jisshūkan/

11

jūichi-nichi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

nan-dai ichi-dai ni-dai san-dai yon-dai go-dai roku-dai nana-dai hachi-dai kyū-dai jū-dai

jusshūkan

nan-mai ichi-mai ni-mai san-mai yon-mai go-mai roku-mai nana-mai hachi-mai kyū-mai jū-mai

nan-bon ippon ni-hon san-bon yon-hon go-hon roppon nana-hon happon kyū-hon jippon/ juppon

Nan-kai [How often?] ikkai ni-kai san-kai yon-kai go-kai rokkai nana-kai hakkai kyū-kai jikkai/ jukkai

—dai : How many units--?[classifier for counting vehicles and machines] —mai : How many sheets--? [classifier for counting flat things such as paper.] —hon : [classifier for counting long things such as pencils, bottles and strips of film.]

Kaisetsu

V- naide kudasai

Notes

[Please do not--]

1. The V-nai forms are used as follows: (1) The V-nai form is used in negative requests. Kowarete imasu kara tsukawanaide kudasai. [As it is out of order, please do not use this.] Note that 'kudasai' attached after the te-form is very often unmentioned in informal conversations. (2) The V-nai form is very often used in informal 'plain style' speech, such as 'Kōhii, nomanai? (Kōhii o nomimasen ka.)' 2 . The following shows the way to make the rim-form of verbs. ☆Godan-verbs : kakimasu -isogimasu -machimasu -kaimasu --

kak isog mat kaw

+ + + +

anai anai anai anai

   

kakanai isoganai matanai kawanai

(do not write) (do not hurry) (do not wait) (do not buy)

☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu’ and mimasu -mi + nai



minai

(do not see)

☆lrregular verbs : kimasu -ki ko shimasu -shi

 

konai shinai

(do not come) (do not do)

+ +

nai nai

add 'te’ .)

Godan-verbs aimasu kaimasu kikimasu arukimasu isogimasu hanashimasu nakushimasu machimasu mochimasu shinimasu yobimasu nomimasu

aw anai kawanai kikanai arukanai isoganai hanasanai nakusanai matanai motanai shinanai yobanai nomanai

lchidan-verbs meet buy listen walk hurry talk lose wait hold die call drink

mimasu imasu okimasii dekimasu orimasu misemasu tabemasu nemasu demasu agemasu akemasu shimemasu

minai inai okinai dekinai orinai misenai tabenai nenai denai agenai akenai shimenai

watch be get up can get off show eat sleep come out give open close

yomimasu yasumimasu

magarimasu owarimas u

yomanai yasumanai magaranai owaranai

read rest turn finish

oboemasu tsukaremasu oshiemasu kowaremasu

oboenai tsukarenai oshienai kowarenai

memorize be tired teach break

Irregular verbs kimasu motte kimasu shimasu benkyō-shimasu

konai motte konai shinai benkyō-shinai

come bring do study

(span of time) ni (frequency/amount) 3. 1-jikan ni 2-kai [2 times per 1 hour] This use of 'ni' expresses a span of time. The idea of "frequency" can be replaced by "amount" when talking about production. l-kagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. [How many cars per month can you make here?]

RENSHŪ (1)

Beddo de tabako o suwanaide kudasai. koko de shashin o torimasu kurasu o yasumimasu repōto o wasuremasu

(2)

Kono kikai wa kowarete imasu kara tsukawanaide kudasai. hanbaiki fakkusu

(3)

sentakuki

A: Sawattemo ii desu ka. B: Iie, abunai desu kara sawaranaide kudasai. hairimasu akemasu oshimasu

A: Itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. (1)

B: 7-gatsu ni kimashita. A: Sō desu ka. Dono gurai Nihon ni imasu ka. B: 6-kagetsu imasu. 8-kagetsu 1-nen

(2)

5-shūkan

Watashi wa 1-kagetsu ni 2-kai tegami o kakimasu. 1-shūkan / 1-kai / ginkō e ikimasu 1-nichi / 5-kai / oinori-shimasu 1-nen / 1-kai / kazoku to ryokō o shimasu

(3)

Firumu o 2-hon kudasai.

(4)

Hagaki o 2-mai kaimasu.

(5)

Konpyūta ga 1-dai arimasu.

A: Koko wa kin'en desu kara tabako o (1)

suwanaide kudasai. B: Hai, wakarimashita. A: Koko de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka.

(2)

B: Hai, ii desu yo. Demo furasshu o tsukawanaide kudasai. A: Sarimu-san, shumi wa nan desu ka. B: Supōtsu desu. A: Donna supōtsu ga suki desu ka.

(3)

B: Pinpon desu. A: Sō desu ka. Isshūkan ni nan-kai gurai shimasu ka. B: Isshūkan ni ikkai shimasu. A: Sō desu ka.

Watashi wa kuruma no kōjō o kengaku-shimashita. Sono kōjō wa okii desu ga, hito wa amari imasen. Robotto o 280-dai gurai tsukatte imasu. Kuruma o ikkagetsu ni 20,000 dai tsukuru koto ga dekimasu. Kōjō no naka de shashin o toru koto wa dekimasen deshita ga, shiryō o takusan moraimashita. Kengaku wa omoshirokatta desu.

[APPENDICES] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

PLAIN STYLE SPEECH LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS KEIYŌSHI [LIST OF ADJECTIVES] JOSHI [LIST OF PARTICLES] OMO NA GAKUSHŪ KŌMOKU [LIST OF STUDY POINTS] SAKUIN [INDEX]

141 143 147 156 158 160 161 162

1. PLAIN STYLE SPEECH PLAIN STYLE SPEECH: the following sentences are samples of very informal conversations between close friends. Please remember that plain style speech is allowed only among close friends and within families. Also, a person of higher rank can use these forms when addressing a person of lesser rank, but the latter should always answer with polite expressions. PLAIN STYLE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

POLITE

A: Kore, nani?

A: Kore wa nan desu ka.

B: Tonkatsu.

B: Tonkatsu desu.

A: Butaniku?

A: Butaniku desu ka.

B: Sō.

B: Sō desu.

A: Supōtsu, suki?

A: Supōtsu ga suki desu ka.

B: Uun, amari suki ja nai.

B: Iie, amari suki ja arimasen.

A: Kono hon, omoshiroi?

A: Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu ka.

B: Un, omoshiroi yo.

B: Hai, omoshiroi desu.

A: Biiru, nomu?

A: Biiru o nomimasu ka.

B: Uun, nomanai.

B: Iie, nomimasen.

A: Ja, nani nomu?

A: Dewa, nani o nomimasu ka.

B: Jūsu.

B: Jūsu o nomimasu.

A: Akihabara e iku?

A: Akihabara e ikimasu ka?

B: Un, ikitai.

B: Hai, ikitai desu.

Itsu?

Itsu desu ka.

A: Ashita, dō?

A: Ashita wa dō desu ka.

B: Un, ii yo.

B: Hai, ii desu.

A: Asakusa, shitteru?

A: Asakusa o shitte imasu ka.

B: Uun, shiranai.

B: Iie, shirimasen.

A: Mō asa-gohan, tabeta?

A: Mō asa-gohan o tabemashita ka.

B: Uun, mada.

B: Iie, mada desu.

8.

9.

10.

11.

A: Kinō pātii e itta?

A: Kinō pātii e ikimashita ka?

B: Uun, ikanakatta.

B: Iie, ikimasen deshita.

Tomodachi ga kita kara.

Tomodachi ga kimashita kara.

A: Sō.

A: Sō desu ka.

A: Eiga wa omoshirokatta?

A: Eiga wa omoshirokatta desu ka.

B: Un, omoshirokatta.

B: Hai, omoshirokatta desu.

A: Kyōto wa samukatta?

A: Kyōto wa samukatta desu ka.

B: Uun, amari samuku nakatta.

B: Iie, amari samuku nakatta desu.

A: Kyōto, dō datta?

A: Kyōto wa dō deshita ka.

B: Kirei datta yo.

B: Kirei deshita.

A sample of the mixture of plain style speech and polite speech. Person 'A' has a higher position than 'B'. In other cases, person 'A' may be speaking this way to express a friendly attitude. In response to this, it is a good practice to use the polite style, in order to avoid impoliteness to anyone.

1.

A: Konnichiwa. Genki?

A: Konnichiwa. Ogenki desu ka.

B: Hai, genki desu.

B: Hai, genki desu.

A: Kenshū wa itsu made?

A: Kenshū wa itsu made desu ka.

B: 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu.

B: 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu.

A: Sō.

A: Sō desu ka.

Itsu kuni e kaeru no? B: 12-gatsu 21 -nichi ni kaerimasu.

Itsu kuni e kaerimasu ka. B: 12-gatsu 21 -nichi ni kaerimasu.

2. LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS I . NUMBERS

0 ~ 10

11 ~

100 ~

1000 ~

10000 ~

100000000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000

II . TIMES a ) Names of the time

zero / rei ichi ni san yon / shi go roku shichi / nana hachi kyū / ku jū jū-ichi jū-ni jū-san jū-shi / jū-yon jū-go jū-roku jū-shichi / jū-nana jū-hachi jū-kyū / jū-ku ni- jū hyaku ni-hyaku san-byaku yon-hyaku go-hyaku sen ni-sen san-zen yon-sen go-sen ichi-man jū-man hyaku-man issen-man ichi-oku

30 40 50 60 70 80 90

san-jū yon-jū go-jū roku-jū shichi-jū / nana-jū hachi-jū kyū-jū

600 700 800 900

roppyaku nana-hyaku happyaku kyū-hyaku

6000 7000 8000 9000

roku-sen nana-sen hassen kyū-sen

Nan-gatsu What month--? 1 2 3 4 5 6

ichi-gatsu ni-gatsu san-gatsu shi-gatsu go-gatsu roku-gatsu

7 shichi-gatsu 8 hachi-gatsu 9 ku-gatsu 10 jū-gatsu 11 jūichi-gatsu 12 jūni-gatsu

Nan-ji What time--? 1 ichi-ji 2 ni-ji 3 san-ji 4 yo-ji 5 go-ji 6 roku-ji 7 shichi-ji 8 hachi-ji 9 ku-ji 10 jū-ji 11 jūichi-ji 12 jūni-ji

Nan-nichi What day--? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

tsuitachi futsuka mikka yokka itsuka muika nanoka yōka kokonoka tōka

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Nan-pun How many minutes—? 1 ippun 2 ni-fun 3 san-pun 4 yon-pun 5 go-fun 6 roppun 7 nana-fun 8 happun / hachi-fun 9 kyū-fun 10 jippun / juppun 20 ni-jippun / ni-juppun 30 40 50

san-jippun / yon-jippun / go-jippun /

jūichi-nichi jūni-nichi jūsan-nichi jūyokka jūgo-nichi jūroku-nichi jūshichi-nichi jūhachi-nichi jūku-nichi hatsuka

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

nijū-ichi-nichi nijū-ni-nichi nijū-san-nichi nijū-yokka nijū-go-nichi nijū-roku-nichi nijū-shichi-nichi nijū-hachi-nichi nijū-ku-nichi sanjū-nichi

31

sanjū-ichi-nichi

Nan-yōbi What day of the week--? nichi-yōbi Sunday getsu-yōbi Monday ka-yōbi Tuesday sui-yōbi Wednesday moku-yōbi Thursday kin-yōbi Friday do-yōbi Saturday

san-juppun yon-juppun go-juppun

b) Period of time Nan-nen

Nan-kagetsu

Nan-shūkan

Nan-nichi

Nan-jikan

How many years?How many months?How many weeks? How many days?How many hours? 1

ichi-nen

ikkagetsu

isshūkan

ichinichi

ichi-jikan

2

ni-nen

ni-kagetsu

ni-shūkan

futsuka

ni-jikan

3

san-nen

san-kagetsu

san-shūkan

mikka

san-jikan

4

yo-nen

yon-kagetsu

yon-shūkan

yokka

yo-jikan

5

go-nen

go-kagetsu

go-shūkan

itsuka

go-jikan

6

roku-nen

rokkagetsu

roku-shūkan

muika

roku-jikan

7

shichi-nen /

nana-kagetsu

nana-shūkan

nanoka

shichi-jikan /

nana-nen 8

hachi-nen

nana-jikan hachi-kagetsu /

hasshūkan

yōka

hachi-jikan

kyū-shūkan

kokonoka

ku-jikan

tōka

jū-jikan

hakkagetsu 9

kyū-nen /

kyū-kagetsu

ku-nen 10

11

jū-nen

jikkagetsu /

jisshūkan /

jukkagetsu

jusshūkan jūichi-nichi

III. COUNTING EXPRESSIONS How many--?

Nan-dai

Nan-mai

Nan-bon

Ikutsu

Nan-nin

1

ichi-dai

ichi-mai

ippon

hitotsu

hitori

2

ni-dai

ni-mai

ni-hon

futatsu

futari

3

san-dai

san-mai

san-bon

mittsu

san-nin

4

yon-dai

yon-mai

yon-hon

yottsu

yo-nin

5

go-dai

go-mai

go-hon

itsutsu

go-nin

6

roku-dai

roku-mai

roppon

muttsu

roku-nin

nana-dai

nana-mai

nana-hon

nanatsu

shichi-nin /

7 nana-nin 8

hachi-dai

hachi-mai

happon

yattsu

kyū-dai

kyū-mai

kyū-hon

kokonotsu

hachi-nin kyū-nin /

9 ku-nin jū-dai

jū-mai

jippon /

tō

10 juppon

3. USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 1 ka (1) shokugyō shigoto

profession occupation

jū-nin

kenshūin enjinia kenkyūin isha kangofu kōmuin kyōshi/sensei keisatsukan kaishain (2) sekai Ajia Chūkintō Afurika Kita-Amerika Chūō-Amerika Minami-Amerika Oseania Yōroppa Sekai chizu World map

Nihon chizu

Map of Japan

participant (JICA's) engineer researcher medical doctor nurse public official teacher policeman ; police officer company employee world Asia Middle East Africa North America Central America South America Oceania Europe

2ka (1) tabemono niku toriniku butaniku gyūniku sakana yasai tamago

(3) mono kagi

food meat chicken pork beef fish vegetable egg

thing key

(2) kudamono ringo mikan ichigo suika momo nashi budō banana

hon kyōkasho

fruit apple mandarin orange strawberry watermelon peach pear grape banana

book textbook

tokei kamera kaban saifu (o) kane kasa megane

watch; clock camera bag purse money umbrella glasses

zasshi jisho chizu nōto enpitsu bōrupen

magazine dictionary map notebook pencil ball-point pen

3ka (1) sentā shochōshitsu furonto jimusho shokudō robii toire seminā rūmu kyōshitsu kōdō

Centre Director's office front desk office dining hall lobby toilet seminar room classroom auditorium

tai'ikukan toshoshitsu baiten pūru tenisu kōto rōka kaidan genkan erebētā niwa

gym library shop swimming pool tennis court corridor stairs front entrance elevator garden

4ka (1) nomimono kōhii aisu kōhii kōcha miruku jūsu kokoa kōra

beverages coffee iced coffee tea milk juice cocoa cola

biiru wain uisukii (o) sake (o) cha (o) mizu (o) yu

beer wine whiskey rice wine Japanese tea water hot water

(2) menyū hanbāgā sandoitchi supagetti piza karē sūpu sutēki furaido chikin furaido poteto sarada

menu hamburger sandwich spaghetti pizza curry soup (beef) steak fried chicken fried potatoes salad

pan gohan dezāto aisu kuriimu kēki yōguruto

bread rice dessert ice cream cake yogurt

shio satō shōyu koshō

salt sugar soy sauce pepper

(3) Chūgoku ryōri rāmen yakisoba chāhan (4) Nihon ryōri

Chinese food ramen: noodles in soup fried noodles fried rice Japanese food

udon/soba sushi tenpura sukiyaki sashimi gohan

(2) sētā shatsu zubon sukāto burausu bōshi

Japanese noodles vinegared rice with raw fish on top deep fried fish and vegetable dish beef and vegetable dish raw fish cooked rice

sweater shirt trousers skirt blouse hat

nekutai hadagi kutsushita sutokkingu kutsu hankachi

necktie underwear socks stockings shoes handkerchief

keshōhin kamisori hamigaki

cosmetics razor toothpaste

haburashi sekken senzai

toothbrush soap detergent

5 ka ginkō yūbinkyoku byōin

bank post office hospital

taishikan hoteru

embassy hotel

6 ka (1) kōen dōbutsuen hakubutsukan

park zoo museum

bijutsukan eigakan gakkō

art museum movie theater school

department store supermarket shop', store greengrocery meat shop fish shop bakery camera shop drug store electric appliance shop flower shop

bunbōgu-ya hon-ya tokoya biyōin kuriiningu-ya res'utoran kissaten

stationery shop bookstore barber beauty parlor laundry restaurant coffee shop

shinbun hon zasshi

newspaper book magazine

(2) depāto sūpā mise yaoya niku-ya sakana-ya pan-ya kamera-ya kusuri-ya denki-ya hana-ya

7 ka (1) denwa kōshū denwa denwa bokkusu

telephone pay phone telephone booth telephone directory international call telephone number

shigai kyokuban kyokuban naisen korekuto kōru terehon kādo ryōkin waribiki

area code exchange number extension collect call telephone card charge discount

8 ka (1) (o) matsuri natsu-matsuri aki-matsuri hina-matsuri

festival summer festival harvest festival Doll's Festival

tango no sekku tanabata matsuri (o) tsukimi (o) shōgatsu

Boys' Festival Star Festival Moon Festival New Year's Day

(2) heya tsukue isu hondana denwa eakon denki sutando terebi

room desk chair bookshelf telephone air conditioner lights reading lamp television

beddo mōfu makura shiitsu kabe tenjō yuka kāten

bed blanket pillow bed sheet wall ceiling floor curtain

denwachō kokusai denwa denwa-bangō

denki

watashi no heya tenjō kāten sutando kabe makura shiitsu mōfu isu yuka beddo

hondana

9 ka (1) shumi ongaku kurashikku jazu enka min'yō piano gitā baiorin

hobby music classical music jazz Japanese popular song Japanese folk songs piano guitar violin

shibai eiga ryokō dokusho ryōri myūjikaru

drama ; theaters movies travelling reading cooking musical

(2) supōtsu sakkā barēbōru badominton tenisu pinpon suiei

sports soccer volleyball badminton tennis pingpong swimming

jogingu tozan tsuri sukii

jogging mountain climbing fishing skiing

10 ka iro aka ao shiro kuro

color red blue white black

ki'iro chairo midori'iro murasaki

yellow brown green purple

11 ka kisetsu haru natsu aki fuyu atsui samui atatakai suzushii mushiatsui

season spring summer autumn winter hot cold warm cool muggy

hare kumori ame yuki kaze taifū tsuyu kanki uki kaminari niji jishin

clear sky cloudy rain snow wind typhoon rainy season dry season wet season thunder rainbow earthquake

12 ka (1) norimono densha basu takushii hikōki fune chikatetsu

vehicles train bus taxi airplane ship ; boat subway

shinkansen tokkyū kyūkō kaisoku futsū kūkō

bullet trains limited express express semi express local airport

basu-tei basu-tāminaru eki kaisatsu-guchi hōmu --bansen --iki kippu-uriba hanbaiki (2) kōsoku dōro dōro michi shadō ōdan hodō hodō hodōkyō shingō kōsaten

bus stop bus terminal station wicket platform track number (bound) for ticket office vending machine

kippu teiki iriguchi deguchi higashi-guchi nishi-guchi minami-guchi kita-guchi

ticket commuting pass entrance exit east exit west exit south exit north exit

highway street road driveway pedestrian crossing pedestrian walk pedestrian bridge traffic lights intersection

tsukiatari migi(gawa) hidari(gawa) mukō (gawa) tetsudō fumikiri

dead end right side left side the other side railway railroad crossing hill ; uphill mountain bridge river

saka yama hashi kawa