Japanese for Busy People III Revised 3rd Edition
Short Description
japanese book...
Description
Plain forms are used in a number of sentence patterns.
affirmative
#<
present. negative VERB
affirmative past negative affirmative present negative -/ ADJECI IVÜ
affirmative
A-^^^-ofz
negative
±^ < ^X^^-^fz
past
affirmative present negative -NA AD..I ECTIVE
affirmative
imti-^fz
past negative affirmative present negative NOUN H- t
"t
affirmative past negative
' I. Describing Change (2): Continuous Changes
51
|=> ~ T o < QUIZ 1 (Lessons 1-3) 60
GRAMMAR
A VISIT T O MR. NAKANO'S FARM, PART 1 64
I. Nominalizing Sentences
69
II. Indicating Means or Attendant Circumstances
70
^ ~ T / ~ T \
-^X^T/^-flC
III. Describing Deliberate Effects
^
-T^.'S
IV. Expressing Purpose (1)
^
71
Xl\Z
72
READING aWRITIMG • Asking about Something You Do Not Understand • Pointing Out Something You Noticed • Presenting Knowledge You Have Acquired ' Explaining Preparations and Procedures
« Pointing Out Something You Think Is Strange e Making Suppositions Talking about Changes in Everyday Life ' Talking about Things You See around Town > Talking about Changes While Referring to a Graph
24
Kanji Practice ^
^
ff\
*
^
it
m
44
Kanji Practice PP
58
Kanji Practice ^ M.
R E A D I N G S WRITING Soliciting and Stating Opinions Explaining Procedures ' Talking about How Facilities Are Used
82
Kanji Practice ff
^
ic
«:
^
«
^
A VISIT TO MR. NAKANO'S FARM, PART 2 84
I. Expressing Completion/lncompletion of Past, Present, or Future Actions
87
II. Describing Change (3): Effected Changes
89
^
~ < / I C t ^
III. Expressing Purpose (2) ^
tz^
90
(ic)
IV. Describing Simultaneous Actions
91
I. Expressing Ideas that Run Contrary to Expectation (2) 103 GLOBAL WARMING
loo
II. Expressing Lack of Obligation
i04
ti:h QUIZ 2 (Lessons 4 - 6 ) 118
GRAMMAR I. Describing the Actions of Giving and Receiving Services 125 ASKING SOMEONE TO TAKE OVER V^ORK 122
MY PASSPORT V\fAS STOLEN
138
II. Expressing Intention (1)
128
I. Using Passive Structures
141
II. Expressing Intention (2)
144
III. Indicating a Span of Time During Which an Action or Event Occurs
145
^
*,o/-c
(IC)
1. Using Causative and Causative-passive Structures PROTECTING ONE'S CHILDREN
154
Q U I Z 3 (Lessons 7-9) 168
\
156
• Telling News . Explaining about Careers > Asking for Reasons or for an Explanation of How a Situation Came to Be
Kanji Practice ^ ^
e Talking about the Weather and Its Effects »Talking about Global Warming e Talking about Environmental Problems
Kanji Practice it
M
^
?é
M
^
^-^ ^
^
^
READING & WRITING ' Asking Someone to Do Something for You • Expressing Gratitude for a Service ' Making Excuses ' E-mail
Kanji Practice
• Talking about Awful Experiences ' Explaining Circumstances ' Talking about Things that Trouble You
Kanji Practice
• Talking about Education • Asking for Permission to Do Something » Talking about What You Wish Your Spouse/ Partner Would Do
Kanji Practice jaji ^
^
i\
^
136
i^ ^
^
^
152
§^ j$ m ^ M m
^l;
^
^
rt
^
ig.
$s
>i
GRAMMAR I. Honorifics (1): Key Expressions ^ BUSINESS GREETINGS
172
177
O b - , L ^'S
II. Honorifics (2): Basic Patterns
iso
III. Honorifics (3): Honorific Verbs for Giving and Receiving
181
I. Leaving and Relaying Messages
196
1:1 LEAVING AND RELAYING MESSAGES 193
II. Using Plain imperatives: Do and Don't
II. Honorifics (4): Auxiliary Honorific Verbs
I. Explaining Reasons
200
212
^ ( ~ i ± ) ^^^hti THE STORY OF VALENTINE'S DAY
209
II. Understanding Written Styles
213
III. Understanding Spoken Styles
215
QUIZ 4 (Lessons 10-12) 228
GRAMMAR
Ml A CALL FROM THE HEALTH OFFICË"
A FEV\/ WORDS FROM THE HOST 248
AT A RECEPTION 263
QUIZ 5 (Lessons 13-15) 273
^
READING & WRITING • Greeting People; Introducing People i Expressing Gratitude ' Apologizing
Leaving Messages Giving and Quoting Commands
> Talking about Events > Engaging in Conversation with Friends
191
Kanji Practice
* ^ ?^
#
»
*
X
207
Kanji Practice *
^ ^ m ^
l#
m
Reading about Customs and Special Occasions
218
Kanji Practice
226
tl
n
Pl
it
JÏ.
#
^
*
«
READING & WRITING Complaining Making and Responding to Apologies Asking For and Responding to Explanations
Reading about the Reasons behind Customs
244
Kanji Practice
246
ta
Formal Invitations Casual Invitations RSVP Postcards ' E-mail
Expressing Modesty Expressing Gratitude ' Apologizing ' Introducing People ' Asking How Someone Is Doing
^
a
£
7t
^
^
1*1
M 261
Kanji Practice it
*
*
Kanji Practice @
ah
1^
1+
«1
271
PREFACE T O
T H E
REVISED
3^^^
E D I T I O N
For busy working adults, progressing to the next step beyond "survival Japanese" is not easy. Books II and III of the Japanese for Busy People series were first published in 1990 for learners seeking intermediate to advanced proficiency in Japanese. Yet even with the aid of these volumes, many people still found it difficult to master complicated Japanese syntax and vocabulary in the few hours they had available outside of other commitments. Over the years, we at AJALT have continued to look for new ways to help learners overcome this barrier, and in the process we have developed and implemented numerous improvements to our lesson plans and supplementary teaching materials. Such experience is put to full use in this extensively revised edition of Japanese for Busy People III, designed to better enable adult leamers to pursue their study of Japanese to the point of intermediate fluency. Japanese for Busy People III, Revised Edition incorporates many new ideas developed carefully over time by AJALT instructors. We hope that busy people will find this textbook an enjoyable tool for learning Japanese.
Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People III (1990) Four AJALT teachers wrote this textbook. They are Miyako Iwami, Shigeko Miyazaki, Masako Nagai, and Kimiko Yamamoto. They were assisted by two other teachers, Kumiko Endo and Chikako Ogura.
Acknowledgments ior Japanese for Busy People III, Revised Edition (1995) We would like to express our gratitude to the foiiowing People for Preparing the new editions of Books II and III: Miyako Iwami, Shigeko Miyazaki, Masako Nagai, and Kimiko Yamamoto. They were assisted by Mikiko Ochiai.
Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People III, Revised 3'" Edition Japanese for Busy People III, Revised 3'" Edition was written by AJALT instructors Emiko Aral, Yuko Harada Kaon Hattori, Reiko Sawane, Junko Shinada, and Emiko Yamamoto with assistance from Mariko Mishima' Makiko Nakano, Mikiko Ochiai, Naoko Takatori, Shigeyo Tsutsui, Miyako Utsumi, Yoriko Yoshida, and Tetsunosuke Sakurada.
I N T R O D U C T I O N
Aims Japanese for Busy People III, Revised 3rd Edition is designed to enable learners wtio worked through Books I and 11 to complete their mastery of beginning Japanese and progress smoothly into the intermediate level. Book I covered "survival Japanese" for getting through common everyday situations. Book 11 taught learners skills for conversing about their present and past lives and other personal topics with people around them at work and elsewhere. Book 111 will equip learners to talk meaningfully about larger social topics by expressing their own opinions while asking others for theirs. It will also treat language needed for dealing with fairly sophisticated business situations. Furnished with extensive explanations, CD recordings, exercises, and answers, the book is fit for both instruction in the ciasSróom and self-study.
Major Features of Japanese for Busy People III, Revised 3rd Edition Learners who completed Books 1 and 11 should already be able to converse about a significant range of things in Japanese, if not entirely perfectly. In Book III, their goal will be to further improve the naturalness and efficiency of their communication in the language. Toward this end, the book introduces conjunctive and sentence-final expressions for conveying a wide variety of meanings. Also covered are passives, causatives, expressions for the giving and receiving of services, and other constructions distinctive to Japanese. Finally, the book discusses politeness, writing and speech styles, and other things learners will need to know to adjust their language according to situation and audience. Up through Book II, the lessons were designed so that learners could practice using the language presented immediately in their own speech. Since the dialogues and examples in Book III are considerably longer and more complex than in previous volumes, however, for this book learners should first work toward getting themselves to recognize and understand new expressions whenever they are encountered instead of trying to apply them right away. Like Book 11, Book III is divided into five units consisting of three lessons each. The themes and objectives of the units are as follows. Unit 1 The theme is "human-animal relationships." Through content dealing with recent pet trends, the future of the pet industry, and other animal-related topics, learners will be introduced to expressions for remarking on things they notice, offering conjectures, reporting information, and making comments. In this way, they will gain the skills to initiate conversations about things or events they come across in daily life. By the end of the unit, learners will also be able to join in on conversations about topics that interest them. Unit 2 An interview with the owner of an organic farm and passages about global warming form the heart of this unit, focused on the theme "humans and nature." Here learners will encounter expressions for seeking information about facilities, institutions, and people as well as for stating their own opinions about issues. In this way, they will gain the skills to conduct even quite complicated inquiries on their own just as long as they make the right preparations.
Units This unit talces up episodes involving crime, discussions over childrearing issues, and other content related to the theme "crime and education." Learners will become familiar with expressions for describing the giving and receiving of services, for reporting on the details of damage done to them, and for talking about coercion. In this way, they will gain the skills to efficiently characterize participants' involvement in and attitudes toward the events around them. Unit 4 Organized around the theme of "conducting business," this unit shows how to carry out formal business exchanges, give and relay messages, and deal with other work-related concerns. Covered will be ways of giving greetings, showing gratitude, making apologies, reporting information, and passing on messages through expressions proper to the circumstances at hand. While the unit does outline the basic characteristics of honorific language, emphasis is placed on familiarizing learners with often-used expressions that can be combined with the desu/masu style to produce the appropriate register. At the other end of the scale, the unit also treats casual Japanese used among close friends and family. Unit 5 This unit provides a comprehensive review of everything covered in beginning-level Japanese, from books I through III. Lesson 13 gives learners one final practice in listening to spoken Japanese and then summarizing what they were able to understand in their own words. Lesson 14 takes a final look at formal speech and writing, starting with some basic patterns for delivering a speech in a formal setting. It then turns to writing to explain how to give and respond to invitations to parties and other events. Sample texts range from a highly formal letter exemplifying established protocols to exchanges of e-maii. Lesson 15 presents some final points about conversational Japanese, drawing on examples of "party talk" to illustrate how to initiate and wrap up social exchanges. The Structure of the Lessons and How to Approach Each Part As already mentioned, each of the five units listed above is divided into three lessons. The lessons, in turn, are organized into the following parts: Target Dialogue Grammar & Pattern Practice Practice (1, 2, 3 . . .) Kanji Practice Target Dialogue. The Target Dialogues (for some lessons there is a Target Reading instead) in Book III are written to be slightly more difficult than what is usually provided at the beginning level. In Book II, the expectation was that once learners finished a lesson, they would be able to converse at the same level as in the Target Dialogue for that lesson. - By contrast, in Book 111 the goal set for most learners is to reach the point not where they completely master the Target Dialogue but where they grasp it well enough to be able to answer questions about it after reading or listening to it. First listen to the dialogue. Although you will probably not get all of it, there are bound to be at least some parts that you can get. Try sorting out what you were or were not able to comprehend. Even native speakers might not always grasp everything that was said if they lack the necessary background information, the speaker did not enunciate clearly, or there was a lot of noise; in such cases, often what they do is to reconstruct the whole by using what they did get to ask questions about and fill in the missing parts. For your first time with the Target Dialogue, it will be sufficient only to make sure that what you think it says is
indeed correct. Do not spend time forcing yourself to figure out the parts you did not understand. Simply set them aside for the time being and return to the dialogue after completing the lesson. By then it should begin to make sense. Grammar & Pattern Practice. This section introduces the lesson's key sentence patterns and offers exercises for trying them out or otherwise internalizing them. The conjunctive or sentence-final expressions covered in Book III (see Contents for examples) include many with confusingly similar meanings. Where one expression overlaps in function with another discussed earlier, the text duly notes this and sets out the distinctions between them. Pay attention to the expressions as they are used in the Target Dialogue and other examples to see how they fit the explanations given. See also the front endpapers. Practice. Each lesson comes with several Practice sections made up of Word/Phrase Power and/or Speaking Practice. (Lessons 7, 12, 13, and 14 also have Reading Practice.) The Word/Phrase Power section groups together words and/or phrases important to talking about the theme for the lesson. Read each item aloud while making sure you understand what it means. Do not try to memorize everything; instead, concentrate on the vocabulary you think might be useful to you, familiarizing yourself with them until you can say them without referring back to the list. The Speaking Pracfc section presents several sample dialogues related to the theme of the lesson that are written to be a little less advanced than the Target Dialogue. First listen to each dialogue on the CD, then read and make sure you understand what it says. Refer to the English for any vocabulary you do not recognize. Pick out the new constructions featured in the lesson, paying attention to how they are used within the context of the conversation. If you have a practice partner, try conducting conversations with that partner using what you learned in the Grammar & Pattern Practice and Practice sections. There is no need to adhere closely to the models provided in the Speaking Practice. If the aim is to talk about recent fashions and trends, for example, then freely express your own opinions and thoughts based on what you have observed in real life out in the streets or through the media. If you do not have a partner, write down what you might want to say or ask should you have someone to practice with. Take note of anything you cannot figure out how to say. Keep this list and get into the habit of thinking about it whenever you have an opportunity to ask someone or you encounter similar expressions elsewhere in the text. Kanji Practice. The Kanji Practice for each lesson features ten kanji (150 in total) selected mostly from the Target Dialogue. Weight is given to kanji taken up in level 3 of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. Once you master the kanji in Books 11 and HI, you will have covered all the characters needed for this test. As in Book II, the basic meaning(s) of each kanji are given in English below the character, usage examples and writing instructions to the right of it. The examples are all drawn from vocabulary taken up in Books I through III. Occasionally a word will be given before it appears in the main text, however, and for these you should consult the glossary at the back of the book. Printed below each example are the readings [furigana) for the kanji, which in this text are given all in hiragana. Adjectives and verbs are listed in their dictionary forms with verbal suffixes (oicurigana) provided in hiragana. The writing instructions come with numbers to indicate the order of strokes and arrows to indicate direction. Take care to write each kanji exactly in the way that is prescribed. Note about Kanji We have provided furigana for all kanji appearing the text, regardless of whether their readings have been previously introduced, so as to accommodate learners who choose not to memorize kanji or who wish to learn the characters presented in this text at a more leisurely pace. Kanji rather than kana are given for all words normally written in kanji once the characters that make up
the word in question have been introduced. For example, the characters ft and ièi, which form the word ftii,
are both introduced in Lesson 1, so from that lesson onward these kanji, ft and iói, are used instead
of hiragana whenever the word ftÜ comes up. Beyond that, kanji also appear in such elements as titles, proper names, signs, and set phrases used in invitations and other formal writing, regardless of whether the characters that comprise the word or words have been introduced. These kanji are presented for recognition purposes only
Introducing the Cast
xvi
John Mills (35 years old), a Canadian, is a member of ABC Foods' sales department. He Is single.
Mike Smith (32 years old), an American, is an attorney for ABC Foods. He is single.
Marie Martin (25 years old) is from Paris, France. A member of ABC Foods' sales department, she used to live in Japan as an exchange student.
Shika Chandra (30 years old) is a member of ABC Foods' systems department. She is from Mumbai, India.
Keiko Sasaki (53 years old), a Japanese, is the manager of ABC Foods' sales department. She is married and has a daughter, Aiko.
Akira Kato (46 years old), a Japanese, is the section chief of ABC Foods' sales department. He is married and has a son, Taro.
Mayumi Nakamura (26 years old), a Japanese, works as a secretary to Ms. Sasaki. She is single.
Daisuke Suzuki (24 years old), a Japanese, is a member of ABC Foods' sales staff He is single.
Mei Chan (30 years old) is from Hong Kong. She works in ABC Foods' sales department. She is single.
Frank Green (56 years old), an American, is the president of the Tokyo branch of ABC Foods. He lives in Tokyo, with his wife.
Michiyo Kato (45 years old) is Akira Kato's wife. Her hobby is tea ceremony. She loves traditional Japanese art and has a deep interest in environmental issues.
Yoichi Inuyama (42 years old) works in ABC Foods' development department. He Is very knowledgeable about animals.
Pet businesses are booming in Japan Some people enjoy pets as part o fashion by dressing them up or b; keeping unusual types, while other. seek comfort from them by treatinc them like part of the family Althougf this unit focuses on pets and animals you should not feel yourself limite( to talking about this particular aspec of Japanese society. Use the skill: covered in Unit 1 to freely describe trends, changes, or anything else you notice or observe at home, at work, or while out about town. Also learn how to develop conversations by sharing information you have gained from other sources or by inviting people to think along with you on questions that concern you.
'
While at home eating dinner, the Katos notice strange sounds coming from their yard. •^oB
(#)
: i^^,
(A)
• ^ ? (fefens) ( i ^ ^ tzo Wz6±o
.p. 10
^-
i: ^ ^J."V N ?
-p. 10
The next day, the Katos go to show the creature they caught in their yard to Mr. Inuyama, who is knowledgeable about animals.
^r-r.
0 ^ 0 - 7 ( ± : l b T 7 Ij ^ L
(R2) L
<
{ Y i 6 < i - h )
warm up
-tj:i^'i
li-^" L C* X.
footstep sound of conversation
hh^^z!^ 1 •ij." $ C* X <
sound of laughter
•tf o It X./
laugh
^ ^f" (tk')
unpleasant
sound of crying
Cif'i.(R2)
burn (of food)
cry (of person)
soap
17
I smell soap.
\
U^yt
\ZL\Z{
ILI
n 1 i S ^
Relating or Pausing on Information Gained Elsewhere
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. While out walking in the park, Ms. Nakamura sees police officers and a large crowd of people.
T « 0 A : ZZ T 7 atZ
A^Jn
vt
A
^^^iTirXo
vt
i-ptji,
ut ±(DA : ah-fi vt
UYlv^tir-fno ...l.t'l'L
Nakamura: Has something happened? man: From what I hear, there's been someone who saw a crocodile here. Nakamura: What? Really? woman: Yes. It's frightening, isn't it? Nakamura: Could it be a pet that got away? man:
I don't know. It may be that the person keeping it abandoned it. I understand that there are quite a lot of people who abandon pets just because they find them too hard to take care of.
woman:
What a horrible thing.
II. Mr. Mills calls the office to say that he is stuck in a traffic jam and will arrive late. DVX
iKt-fo
: l i l X r - t o
ïj'^ :
Ly^ntz^^r
h-ö^^)tLtz. §|3 -ft .
5 ) l X i ATJ^ ^ m M ^ ' h 'J i L /co
it^y^: ^1 T - f Mills:
9 9 y-\z(D'^tzh.
L fe < K - S ^ 9 T - f c
h-é^ 'j i L /c<
This is Mills. I'm going to be a little late. I'm in a taxi, but there's such a traffic jam . . . I think I'll get there around 9:10. I'm sorry.
Nakamura: I understand. Nakamura: Manager Sasaki, there was a phone call from Mr. Mills. He said he'd be a little late. Sasaki: ^ijEPjil'IlflliV^
Is that so? I understand.
7i
crocodile, alligator
irXfz^ltit) i L/bo ( 1 ^ 4 6 i - f )
Vfz Y. h
+£^)tLfz.
ILX.L
I
4) y ^ $
9 LT.
(it^'J^^
L i t )
^x'JiL;'co
A/LtchÈ
iMt^L)
^) X^'^t
^xUiL/co
Describing Change (2): Continuous C h a n g e s
zM-hi\^6^'6is:iXX
as (some process takes place)
51
PRACTICE 1
Discussing Changes in Your Life
PHRASE POWER
It has become possible to shop 24 hours a day.
(D 2 4 B f F B ^ f c ^ ^ ^ - f c 6 ^ 6 X i \ z - ^ j : ^ ) t l f z o t ifh
PU
It has become possible to withdraw money 24 hours a day. (3) 2 4 0fF^.i^'J
Z^b^r^^Xl
iZ-fx^) t L / c o
It has become possible to make bank transfers 24 hours a day.
It has become possible to eat warm boxed meals at any time.
It has become easier to send packages.
Children have begun to go out shopping late at night.
* Question word +
= any-, v ' ' O T i
means "anytime" (Book II, p. 247), ' f n l T t "any¬
thing." Other similar expressions of the pattern "question word + T f i " include where), tzH-X'i
llj
'lj ^ A
52
(anyone), and ^ ' X t i - ^ T t
(anything at all).
deposit (of money into someone else's bank account), transfer (of money)
T t i (any-
|TL|-;;{.aciii;l
SPEAKING PRACTICE
lr. Kato begins a conversation witli Ms. Nakamura, who has recently moved to a new apartment.
Ti-
ti
x.Xo T t .
| | I ± J ; < 'J J: 7 'J th^^-ofzLX-f-hK
< ^ / o T L i v x i L/co
f\l^L^L\Vh^£
#5r/ye-TK':./b#^-^-^'-^h { {-tc)
annoying,
tL-^iZt-i-iK^
that's not so
inconvenient
r
Jii'.i,
PRACTICE 3
Referring to Graphs
PHRASE POWER
h ^ p ^ n F f f l M [. 3 1.6%
t J ®
Healthy Wan-Wan
ZZ-ti^L
these past few years
i-dUL
numberof years surpass, exceed
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. Mr. Inuyama is referring to a graph while giving a presentation at a meeting.
i>tó
t i
vt Inuyama:
Martin:
A
Well then, next I'll explain about this graph. Please direct your attention here. The number of people who keep dogs has been increasing, as you can see. There is a rise especially among people in their forties and fifties. 1 think the pet industry will keep on greatly expanding in the future. This data is interesting, isn't it? You certainly do see a lot of people in Japan who treasure'their pets as if they were their own children.
At the same meeting, Mr. Inuyama discusses the low-calorie cookies for pets that he has just developed while holding up some samples.
: i oTv^-SATto
t m P tn
•t 9 T L J; 9 O T t ^ X , t,
n
« t
Inuyama: I hear that the number of overweight pets is growing recently. Kato: Actually, I've been at a loss because our dog has been getting fatter recently, too. Inuyama: I'm not surprised. That's why I think that sales of low-calorie cookies like these are certain to grow in the future.
/•7 7 zcnX 11:
graph
X-t4^ t
that's why, for this/that reason
like this, in this way from forties to fifties (a certain) generation love, feel great affection for too fat too
57
KANJI P R A C T I C E i r
•^B^l
HL
• t f X .;:
* A * X
whole aU
• i
t 1- • • >•
> -• -• y •
house
ti Kh
garden
r r tribe clan
r r f F PT gate
!• - ' (
i;
\ 1
Vl •)
4
rrr r
n
^1%
tA'j: i\-L sick ill
Y hall, house institute
•
; 1
•
have possess
place scene
If
Li
lf
*i-
..1
0
0
0
0 77
V
59
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
2)
to explain how he studied organic agriculture, i.e., while helping out at organic farms. ~ T (p. 70) also indicates means, but differs in usage from ti:-l)^h, as illustrated below.
^^X ij^^-l-X-ó-'^tz-l}^L'fy^h {
global warming
feeling of reality
warming
2 1
^ V N $
twenty-first century to
I PCC
i ÜA
, for
seem real
(see Note 1 on next page)
hi ;ivv$ i
arise 7
effect, influence
serious, grave
feel
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
even if
average
continue to bloom
temperature
(see p. 105)
(see p. 103)
each one, each and every person
also, moreover many places throughout, all over
V
y
^
flood
OX h^'^7:t
drought
y —t —
—
solar panel cost performance manufacturer sufficient, enough
prevent i
)V
V ^^i-è" International community
9&m
generate electricity
society
electric company
Y. ^) i ^
measure, endeavor
electricity
-if OAf^ < - f / S
conserve
be left over
1.
2 1-ti:VN$(7)i«:#|,cJioT {ZY^X
indicates the standard for a judgment or an evaluation that follows.
lc ML
c'
This Japanese-language test is not difficult for Mr. Mills, but it is difficult for Mr. White. I
2.
'fpf^'^^lylc Attaching the question marker
to a numerical question word (e.g., f\^^'^, ''ikiX^Ki
V 3.
j ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ . j^,S
.
''£KI\-K'
< O T J ^ ) gives the meaning "a few" (years, people, days, things, etc.).
^ ^
I
t
T (compound verb)
Attaching the -masu stem of a verb to another verb results in a compound verb. Common compound verbs using ^ < include, in addition to ^ $ begin blooming," and ^ '^^hh,
4.
xi given here, ^ $
•?), "to
"to stop blooming."
i i-h^
As covered in Lesson 1 (p. 8),
XV. I l-h^Xs used to raise an issue with or to consult someone. In
writing meant to raise awareness of a problem, such as here, it forms a rhetorical question inviting the reader to think about that problem.
5.
V-y-^^^-^}\yX^
i n
J; ^ is an ending used in spoken Japanese to ask someone for confirmation about a statement one has made. Here Ms. Martin uses it merely to strike up a conversation with Mr. Kato, for she knows full well that what she is seeing are indeed solar panels.
6.
^iXlfz^ Saying ^ 9 Xlfz^
in response to someone's statements tells that person you "already knew"
or "were just reminded of" that information.
Expressing Ideas that Run Contrary to E x p e c t a t i o n (2)
1 2^lc/xoTt. ~ T
11*
^^(Dm^iS^-o-^iiX^'i-to
(the -te form of a verb/adjective + the particle i ) is used to make a statement about some-
thing that goes contrary to what would naturally be expected from the set of conditions described before ~ T i . When coming after -na adjectives and nouns, ~ T
Ya<
Xt.
becomes ~ T è .
^6^'xniÈi-o
I'm going to walk there even if it's far.
I don't get it very well even after reading the explanation.
I won't go to the party tomorrow even if I have the time.
I'm going to go golfing tomorrow even if it's raining. Earlier (p. 35), -b^tz^ö
run a simulation shape
PRACTICE Z
DiscussingülobalWarming
the Earth the environment nature global warming developed countries
^ l: J: 9 H
developing countries
PHRASE POWER causes greenhouse gases i:
carbon dioxide emissions
ÏL i- tzL t
tz\^^ < IC * A
Ti-
countermeasures regulate carbon dioxide emissions
tzL t
conserve (natural) resources
effects Jtu 4
IC i A
/iA
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases
*
the climate changes the polar ice caps melt glaciers disappear
.\'Wi.y:llJI/;l!>Vl
developed country
l±v \ L tji-o lj J: 9
developing country cause
LltX
(natural) resource
iZi tcL^X < lint X <
climate
greentiouse gas greenhouse gas carbon dioxide emission countermeasure
amount of emission regulate air, atmosphere South Pole North Pole glacier 111
SPEAKING PRACTICE The following dialogues depict a schoolteacher answering questions from students about global warming. Study the dialogues and practice asking and answering similar questions about specialized topics. .Global warming:
^4
tz tzt>/ti:6ZY
i^tltzti/tciY. il'i
il^
L
L
T-to
m^zt^z
XXo ^é^ttl'^tztztl/tC^Y.
VN^VN^7^XFu1M^^i)6\
9 tvN^^~j^$/-c'J.
Ljt<
^Xi±07j^Y i-fx. f tlTfziflix< ll->il< ^ H ^ a 6 ^ ^ < 6 ^ 0 T - t o ihX-oY. ti^/it)'XT o i -ti:
is used by A to suggest to B that they get the menu, ~ T ^ b X
i
't'é'' by B to asl< the waiter to perform them a service, i.e., bring them the menu. ~ T ^ j b X i t ^ ^ sounds nearly lilt
hi
wife:
I'm sorry, but give me a hand for a second, will you?
husband: Sure.
^X^lf6 T ^ If
indicates a service done by the subject toward someone else. When the beneficiary is
someone of lower status or an animal, then ~ T
I taught Ms. Tanaka French.
hf:l
T
I helped my younger brother with his homework.
is sometimes used (see also p. 29).
~ T ^ If
implies doing someone a favor and so runs the rislc of sounding pushy when said directly
to the beneficiary of the action. Thus (
| ± ) ~ T * I f ^ should only be used toward family or
those close to you. In the form ~ T
( f ' T < /c ^ V
to perform a service for a third person,
in which the speaker is asking their listener
^ if 6 may be used, but only if both the recipient and
the listener are junior staff members or others of lower social status than the speaker.
Please explain the contents of the report to Mr. Suzuki.
D Complete each sentence while pretending to be %
ht:L 1)
^A (± ^
i
/IX^/Llzi
(
)o
(
).
JA (±11*^ ^ l c ^ / • £ ^ ^ L j ; 7 ' ^ n N L T
H Read the following while paying attention to their meanings.
V J:
2) ^^L\:^'-h^^C,tc
LA
< X Zt -oX^^fziy.
3) A :
i-X^^xzJ-hT-rn.
4) k: ^
< Kfz(nx\
t
11
1
'J t L/co
(R2) 7*l^-+
move hastily, become flustered brake
o \\
bump into from behind, rear-end
o - f i,
S h-f^i,
149
I
PRACTICt
3
Rol'-'tingTrouble
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. Mr. Mills greets Mr. Suzuki, who has just come into the office.
^ )IX : (cheerfully) l $ - / K ^ ^ . ÜliXl
^ )VX : ^"(7) < % V N^Jo T^ N +-f S
^t to
tzLTi'-ö\
i: li- A
LcK
«
Mills: Suzuki:
{cheerfully) Good morning, Mr. Suzuki!
Mills: Suzuki:
Really? Did you drink so much last night? Yes, the entire time while I was waiting at the bar for my girlfriend.
Oh, Mr. Mills, please don't talk in a loud voice. I have a headache from a hangover.
Mills:
How long were you waiting?
Suzuki:
About two hours, it must have been. In the end she didn't come because she wasn't able to finish work.
II. Ms. Martin asks Ms. Nakamura about the seminar she came back from yesterday.
: yiV^y
YXi^m^L^-f/^-otzLT-t^' :
c
Y:i-b^LtzLX-f-f}\ f-:-,tzLx-f. ^itc/LX-r.
^(DiUg^ihi-KXli-oX.
^t-yii^-
Xlfzo
III
Martin:
How was the seminar yesterday, Ms. Nakamura?
Nakamura: Martin: Nakamura:
It was very interesting, except. . . Did something go wrong? I had an awful time because I couldn't stop sneezing while the lecturer was talking.
Martin: Nakamura:
Was it hay fever? Yes, it was. I forgot my medicine yesterday, so I really messed up!
l t o $ Jt <
In the end, after all seminar
9 L
150
lecturer
tz^ ^ I o I f V ' big mistake, fiasco
III. Mr. Mills consults Mr. Suzuki about a piece of mail he has no idea about.
h K x i f z L r i r i i Y : :
^'X
X7
L J;
o
V N T-f
Li
(fates the papers from Mr. Mills)
Z
-kt^'
4AiA
r x ^ ^ ^ LTj
o T # v n T ^ ' J
i - f Jlo l)\yX^L.
Z(DX)1-X\Z.
X.^L/bAT-fTj^ ^ ;l/X" : vu^x..
X , ; # L T v ^ i - d : ^ J ; . ^ ^ ^ x / V ^ - 7 ^ ^pt^j-'VNT-fo *
i^TK:
z
ignore
151
1' * + mm
bright
3
n
m
pass commute
n
f
ït9
g
m
tftiWh-oï z ï
>>
—V
ft
translate
TT-
L
die
tz tzXt
5 ^ Martin:
It's s.ajd that Japan has become unsafe recently, but I think it's still much safer compared to other countries. Is that so? In my country, you wouldn't let children go to and from school by themselves until they get to be about eleven years old. It would be too much of a worry. What do parents do if they can't go pick their children up? They always arrange for a babysitter. Wow, really?
Sasaki: Martin: Sasaki: Martin: Sasaki:
III. Ms. Sasaki and Mr. Kato complain about the way children are raised nowadays.
i-
^ 7
i'
=
;JD0 :
^-'9 L T * g < 7 3 | | | ± f - ^ " * , ^ L7J^^,^xv^^TL J: 7 7 j \
i t i ^ : {lLYiX~-fiio i
i
i
'i-Y:ij\z-ö^tL^^^ZYi,-k.^7)^£(D\z, Z
tz\'in
Sasaki: Kato:
Don't you think that young parents nowadays are too easy on their children? That's true. They buy their children whatever they want and let them watch television until late, too.
Sasaki:
The other day when I cautioned a child for being noisy on the train, I was told off by the child's mother. Why don't parents these days scold their children, I wonder. I agree. It's important to make children exercise self-control.
Kato: Sasaki: [l-/)--
other
•f o ^
much more
ii^X
commute (to)
1
- < t* — •> y ^' —
babysitter
nowadays i V ^ 1 ^^'t
easy, lax i>
w a r n , caution
161
^
PRA.CTICE Z
Asking for Permission lo Do Something
SPEAKING PRACTICE ^
^
—
.
.
.
^
^
I. Ms. Chan asks Ms. Sasaki to hold off on a reply.
6/Lri-It
Y:\ i-^'y^'mz(DU
iz^^Li/L^^i,
ij
ti-^\
lite I
i'Z
jJ^/C'i*
it^:^:
iiy6/L.
^/LCliJ:
< ^ ^X^^hX\
Sasaki:
May I spealYmm
LTlilx^T-to
I want my child to study more.
To express the idea of wanting someone to refrain from doing something, you can use the -nai form of a verb + T + (Ï L V \
7 ^ * : ) ^ j , H ^ T ( i Lv^^T-r'^^' o I'd appreciate it if you'd not park your car in front of our house.
liiL-lMiiiRi)
talk (to) complaint
165
KANJI PRACTICE
^6
9 f r
#
affair matter
I >
•
1
1 >j
> - ,
hold >
it ^ 1
raise
2 l way street
r t
^^^^
4
think
«0»-
I : Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle. 1) t ; t i 6 | ± ^ 5 Ë (
2) ^k\i^t-:ih ht-.L
(
(i*^i^aiL/co
) Icto^lizATt
b V N i
L;^co
tt
3) -è;f± (
) ^ v ^ > ^ ^ ^ , ^ $ ; b t i a T L i v N i L/co
4)
)
ï^'^-
5)
(
(
^
' ]]]
)
i7«^-6 7 ^ L/-c
b.
{/Yc L X m t z .
^7^^'^
) •t" type, use " i o /
C + noun + L i t . " ) This pattern is frequently used
in making offers to others, e.g..
Those bags look heavy. Shall I carry them for you? While most verbs will take the prefix i o , verbs of the form "noun + t (guide),
'^tê'f
" such as ^ /Cti.' V ''-f -?>
^ (phone), and M^J^'t ^ (explain) may appear with either io or C depending , ÜW.t^-t 6, •
on the noun, e.g.,
The pattern may be made even more formal by replacing L i t
with its humble equivalent,
x^fzL
i t , in situations requiring especially polite language, such as when speaking to guests or customers. A waiter at a restaurant is speaking to customers.
Thank you for waiting. I'll show you to your table now.
VOCAnULARY
180
a^iZ-ixi,
(basic pattern for turning an ordinary verb into an honorific one)
n Complete the dialogues by filling in the blanks with the appropriate honorific expressions.
t}\
1) A : ^ B # | C B :
-ó\
2) A : Y:(Dm^ ^ B : J B PM^I^^^£tz\Z
t)\
B : 0 Complete the sentences by changing the verbs in parentheses to their humble equivalents.
1)
m
2)
* T.
ti\
3) ^ti:^LLz..
t!\
i m )
(Lxi^HN-r^)
Honorifics (3): Honorific Verbs for Giving a n d Receiving In honorific language, ii ^ 1, i ti6,
and ^lf6
become V N 7c/"c < , < tz^ 6,and^
L ^ l f •?>,
respectively. As covered earlier (pp. 125-27), these verbs may be used to express the giving and receiving both of objects and services. Similarly to ~ T ^ if 6 (pp. 126-27), ^ L ^ { f 6 carries the danger of sounding patronizing when said directly to the recipient. ~ T ^ L
If -S, indicating a service done by
you, sounds particularly pushy and rude, so that it is usually not said to someone face to face.
t1|l/;VrtV
JBP Newspaper (fictitious newspaper name) l e t ' s ^J.'o Don't make a fool of me.
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. It is time for a meeting, but Mr. Kato has not shown up.
it^y^:
^l± i
s i J
t;T-r^\
i- Hi
i i i
lit
ii
I'
ItA
ijHi i
Hn
\i*il
i- Hi
Sasaki:
Isn't Mr. Kato here yet?
Martin:
There was a call from him just now, and he said that he wanted us to start without him since there was a traffic jam and he was going to be late.
Sasaki:
We may have been told to start without him, but we can't very well discuss this matter unless he's here, can we? Let's have this meeting after Mr. Kato gets back, then.
II. Mr. Mills notices a sign posted in front of a building under construction. ^ yl/X" :
g T # v ^ T * , ' S ^ T t ^ \ SS ±
•t-r i VH
llVX Mills: Suzuki:
li ziLf
t,i
: i:
ii
l±^ <
^ i
>i
^
-f Ixmti V'
in
L J: 9 o {breaks into a half run)
Mr. Suzuki, what does this say? "HZ
j
L
t
L J; 7 ^ i^yp 1 ^\" It says for people walking to watch out that
they don't hit their head or that things don't come falling from above. Mills:
In that case, let's hurry, {breaks into a half run)
m^iz-ti,
look down on, make a fool of
lie 7
pedestrian
- f i : Jt 9
overhead
205
III. Mr. Suzuki notices that his friend is not acting her usual self.
(^):
i±^rn.
§15-ft iz^n ^ izm i^'^^^<
t ^
i6':>xt ti
( ^ ) Suzuki: friend:
What's with that scowl [lit., "difficult look"] on your face? Work. I've been told by my department manager to think of a new proposal within the month, but it's so hard. If I can put forward a good proposal, then I may be allowed to do sales work.
Suzuki:
I see. You always said you wanted to try doing that. This is your chance, so go for it! Thanks. I'll try.
friend:
IV. Mrs. Kato is worrying about her son.
i- Hi
-o±
i X Ï ht:l
t:
f
fc
f
\6-'X'oXt-ofz
i:
l ï ^
L1» -j ) } ^ ^
- p . 212
L l}> 9
"S'-C
lie
v>
o/co
L^^L. 3(7)^ $ | ± 3 0 F ^ T 3 o A^7>~7)-^
tA5
L«>7!i'//
^ T l i .
Ï : 9 * J : 9
ni,
LTJ^-^.^^X^^OT^C^^
A T
9
fcx-a-o
lit:
^ 3 17 U - h ( 7 ) ^ F ^ L J: 9 { / 'j J: 9 (7)1^ 1 ,
9
2 PW^
be (plain-style equivalent of
h'^'-^^
young
T't)
fcv>-tio
l±^^5^^^>^-tirlf'S....
illl
Understanding Spoken Styles The dialogues in the Speaking Practice presented later in this lesson primarily make use of the plain style. As discussed in Book II (pp. 206-07), the desu/masu and plain styles occur not only in prose but also in speech. The table below gives several common sentence endings used in spoken desu/masu and plain style. Compare the endings to each other as well as to the corresponding written expressions on pp. 213-14.
present aff.
desu/masu style (spoken)
plain style (spoken)
n a - t
n<
present neg.
t^L/m^tc^^T-t*
Verbs past aff. past neg.
n-^fz m t ^ L T L tz/\i-b^+£-f]^ -0 fz T-t * 'nf!''fi:i''ofz
present aff.
M^' tzi-
present neg. -/ adjectives past aff.
fi
Tft^Hi-fo
z^o^
^vN9 z ^ i f ^lcTv^^(7?T^ L * , ^ - t f ^/faT^^W^rJ^-^'j i t o IJi
9
IJ
ito ^y|^*.*)Oi o T .
L J: icfc^-tt
^«a^-^-^Ttl)-, < 'Jtz-Lito IJ i
7
IJ
f:
Osechi Cuisine In Japan, there is a custom of eating a special cuisine called osechi during the New Year. Osechi is prepared at the end of the year and Icept arranged inside staclced boxes. Nowadays, more and more people buy osecW from department stores or supermarkets instead of making it at home. Each and every dish in osechi cuisine carries a special significance. For example, shrimp is used to wish for a long life, since its back is bent so that it looks like an old person. Kombu kelp carries the meaning of wishing for happiness because its name sounds like the word X 6Z.I'
("to have joy"). Other dishes
include those made with beans and chestnuts. 'Jill > Mil 1 )i
218
New Year
fe-tf*. 'j J: 9 U osecW cuisine
(a) !^ L J; U
elderly person, senior citizen
celebrate
ilLt'O
end of the year
3
kombu kelp
wish for
C * 9 ll'C
stacked boxes
l i b e s i d e s , other (than that)
long life, longevity
ly'ïi-oJ/^-oW
each and every
i *!>
good harvest
fz'H^ II'
for example
< U
pray
i7)
be bent
liii'ili
bean chestnut
{R2)
be apart, be removed
During tlie New Year's holidays, family members, including those who usually live apart, all gather to eat osecW together and relax.
U/L^'Lxili.
y'z^yri^^^
f^^iTlcthL.
fzU/L^'i:
vt
^ X / c ^ l C 9 (t^-So
X i ^'L^P U
1 l^lc^X'S^.
^iW
ist;
7 T^^O" *
fifc-
L* 9
New Year's Cards In Japan, there is a custom of sending New Year's cards as greetings for the New Year. People send out New Year's cards before the end of the year and receive [those addressed to them] on New Year's Day. In November, cards for sending out New Year's greetings go on sale at post offices. Cards picturing the animal for the coming year on the twelve-year Oriental zodiac also line store shelves. On New Year's cards, people first write
t
L T fc' *t> T ^ 7 Z''^\^t't
("Happy New Year"
) or other greetings used to celebrate the New Year. Next they write messages about their lives recently and other topics, typically wrapping up at the end with
4^-^ ii X
6L
it/L anz Mills: friend: Mills: friend:
It's been a while. Are you well? Yes. You look well, too, John. How's work recently? Busy, same as always. And you?
Mills:
Right now I'm swamped, too, with preparing for a company party.
II. Ms. Nakamura sees a male colleague holding a hand to his head.
^ ^ f c V ^ ^hi. ,la^lt^^
tii-ffc
tT'jlï
/•£'vXj;Xr^?
ntZ :
f-r ( ^ ) : ^?f£"^o *.ij^^-^9 atz
Illll
L X 1 'S^'^fi ^
there Is nothing one can do about it
i,075^^fe-f
same as always
/c o L 7c C !:: -4" ^ * nothing serious 224
*/civXcVN(D?
Nakamura: colleague:
You look pale. Are you all right? Do you have a headache? Yes. But it's nothing serious, so no problem.
Nakamura: colleague:
You shouldn't push yourself. Why don't you take a little rest? That might be good. Thanks.
It is seven in the evening, and Mr. Suzuki is sighing at his desk.
nm
( ^ )
tn'jiï
istz
:
male colleagTie:
You look down. Is something the matter?
Suzuki:
I messed up. But anyhow, the matter has been solved.
male colleague:
Well then, don't let it bother you too much. Shall we go out to drink for a change
Suzuki: male colleague:
of pace? Sounds good. I'm pretty much done with work, but what time can you go?
Suzuki: male colleague:
I'll be done in about thirty more minutes, so could you wait for me a bit? Sure.
IV. Ms. Chandra approaches Ms. Martin after learning that Ms. Nakamura is getting married.
i-^yv^
••i±f^K^^^'oXf^\^tz\iY:\
Chandra: Martin:
Is it true that Ms. Nakamura is going to get married? Yes, to Mr. Smith.
Chandra:
I heard she was going to quit her job.
Martin:
Mr. Smith is getting transferred to the United States, so she says she's going to go with him.
Chandra:
Oh. We're going to miss her. [lit., "It's going to be lonely (without her)."]
S X-f 4 75n^lt'7-f-?>
mess up, make a mistake be solved
5 I f fe L
diversion, change of pace
fz^^fz'-^
largely, pretty much
X'Ki>
be able to go (colloquial way of saying T fe ^ 4 ; the h of the potential forms of Regular llverbs and < i> are sometimes omitted in conversational speech)
-^lfL\^ lonely 225
KANJI PRACTICE
i
i
sex quality
r
4
é
be accustomed t(}
w
1^ t f
ï 1 •:.
>
%
ocean occidental
h
»
>.
.
i4
^^^^ 1
i r
divide cut
-f'
t^
increase 1 .
t^
>* y
^
y
^
n younger sister
<
'''•!•!Mill '\ fl ..lu-r^ ||.|) ;!;•;:)
i^H ' Fill in the blanks with the appropriate partiele.
1)
^ ;l/X~ (
t-7 L i - f
)
2) ttzZiih^^hii'm^-t^
(
)
fcM5;i" conveys that a number, while not specified, is nonetheless significant. The t adds emphasis.
I memc^jzed the kanji by writing them over and over.
t.'AtA> < l c ^
i
Many hundreds of attendees came to the event.
T
The verb \h 6, which possesses a wide variety of meanings, is used here in the sense of victims or damage "emerging" from some negative occurrence (in this case, a stomachache). Although the damage has already taken place, Mr. Suzuki uses
T v N ^ instead of the past form i±S tz
because he regards the effects of the damage as ongoing and influencing matters he is dealing with at present.
4.
1
Lmi
L^^Ll
'i
The pattern "activity
+^4'," indicates that a certain activity, in this case an investigation, is ongoing.
Other often-seen examples include fesS f When
, "in a meeting," - f i ^
, "engaged in work " and
, "in the midst of a phone call." follows a spatial expression, then it means "all throughout" that place,
may
also appear with certain words indicating periods of time to mean "all throughout" that time! e.g., --0
, "all day,"
^ , "all year."
Finally, a temporal expression +
^ _ ic indicates that an action is to take piace or be per-
formed within that period, e.g., 4^0 «p |C, "within todav" iti
t»i
«li^lft^^'Tto ui
i,ti
* %»,i
The department manager is in a meeting right now. 235
•it
> U * -5
IJ J C T
When I retire, I want to travel all around the world.
£A 1 : 1 1 X 1 : »
9 * »
It rained all night.
4- S t
IC U - t " - h ^ l±i L T < /-c ^ V No
CALD.ïfti)>ï
fc'
Please submit your report within the week.
6.
h-f]^^)
if-:\^
The -masu stem of a verb + L /cV is an expression meaning "as soon as . . ," It tends to be used more commonly in business and other formal situations than in everyday conversation.
7.
m^-h^h'ofzm^^)-f£(n\Z
„
The pattern "-ta form of a verb + Mi)'' 'J fz" expresses that only a very short time has elapsed since the action or event descpjbed by the clause modifying
U took place. Here, "short" means short
for the speaker, not necessarily according to some objective standard.
H ^ i c ^ / c M i ) - ' 'j ^£(D-r:\ t fz B^W-tirv
N T ^ ^ o l e t t e r V ^ i -ti:^o
I've only just come to Japan, so I'm not used to living here yet.
^^i/LM.
=ï'/lVt-kèi6fzMii^')fc^hKfzLTiri!-
There are two points to be made about this sentence: (1) While ^'9 V N 9 is similar to ^ X ' j . ' in that they both mean "what kind of," ^""9 ^ ^ 9 implies expectation of a more fully detailed answer going beyond simple appearances or obvious qualities. (2) h i i , meaning "reason," also carries the connotation of being notjust any reason but one that provides thorough justification for a matter, including all the circumstances and background behind it. ^ I t is a noun and so words preceding it take plain forms in the nounmodifying pattern, as all noun modifiers do. A question asking
9 ^ M hHX',
"for what reason," gives the feeling that the speaker is
demanding a fully satisfying explanation and thus will often come off as rather strong. h I t may also be used in the sense of "no wonder" or "so that's why" when you come across a satisfying answer to something you have been puzzling about, as in the following dialogue, which takes place on a train to work at about 8:30 in the morning in mid-August.
iJlX
: (looking around puzzledly) f^B Uir \. ^ X È-f Uo Y' j I X Z L^X Izir K X li}\ :
TT i
l± 8 ^ 1 5 H X\ ÜMLtzi)^ ^ T ' - f J; o >)uLf
'
(looking around puzzledly) It's empty today, isn't it? Why are there so few people, I wonder. That's because today is August 15, so it's Obon. What's Obon?
Mills: Suzuki: Mills: Suzuki:
Obon is a Japanese festival. A lot of companies shut down during this period, so everyone takes trips to see family back home or to go on vacation. So that's why the train is so empty.
Mills:
10. ^t,Xl
i'n •? U
r\
$mi>Hèti>
ui
YZ6
T-fo
lit
YZ^
means "place." The pattern "plain form of a verb + ^ C ^ 7c"" serves to focus on the
individual "points" or "stages" in an action, almost as if the speaker were presenting snapshots of that action taking place.
^•b'-h^ l>i
-fe t^ÏLJ:<
Z 6 T-fo
fz
I am just about to eat dinner, (i.e., I am at the point where I will start eating dinner.)
t^-5Li<
--f ULT. fc L t,- 1 nm'^x 6^fz^^Ti-iiY: fz^'^LmU'fzLilfz. -r C'fc^^vN/c L i - f o
J^M.:
The manager comes over to Ms. Nakamura with her dish.
: XLtitï
fc$^fl±^
Mills:
Sorry I'm late.
friend: Mills:
I just came myself, so no problem. Has the movie already started?
friend:
No, it's just about to. Let's hurry up and go in.
T 1 /L
no (colloquial for v H
P R AC
H C
ti 3
Asking FOI jrid kc.s|)onding to Explanations
SPEAKING PRACTICE
I. IVlr. Mills and Ms. Sasaki are talking during lunch about their colleague, Mr. Yamamoto.
Mills: Sasaki: Mills:
The other day I heard Mr. Yamamoto talking in French, and I was amazed that he spoke so fluently, like a native speaker. Mr. Yamamoto used to live in France for a long time when he was a child, you see. Was that so? No wonder he's so good.
II. Ms. Martin gives Mr. Suzuki a message from a client.
H Ï V - L
• f f
3
u
*l/Ct,<
lr. Suzuki reports his mistake to the department manager.
fit TvNi
Ifzo
} Z ' i ^ ' i h l i X \
m' is Ï
i
JA^TJU <
z L - ^ j : z Y i ) < ^ i f z L T i r i ) \
< IC ^
L ^ X ^ ^ O fz /ziötzY^.K^tiro
Z M ' h l i ^ t ' o l i X
<
L h i i
z'i'^
^
t i i ^ \
Martin:
Mr. Suzuki, there was a phone call just now from Mr. Takahashi of Nozomi Department Store, and he said that they received merchandise different from what they ordered.
Suzuki:
Really? I'll contact him right away.
Suzuki:
Manager, I'm sorry. There were some other merchandise mixed in [with the order] due to my mistake.
Sasaki: Suzuki: Sasaki:
How did such a thing come to happen? I think it's because I didn't double-check. I'm sorry. Please be careful from now on. native speaker fluent (mimetic word for describing fluent speech, especially in a foreign language; often written in katakana) get mixed in
be because (used in formal situations to state causes or reasons)
243
PR A C T ICtl A-
RC'idingalioullht'lU'dSoriibuhind Custom';
READING PRACTICE
.4:
L f U A
L t*
7
L f
<
h
I*
7
L f L A
t,i-
6 è £ v N „ o; L
< -5
L ^
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if record describe
i
i;
i
I f
Itf
P
H —^
early
u heart
heavy
^^^^
jlE correct right
L
i Ï i'T
JLE
§
LESSON
—->
7C^ IfX, s
7L
^
origin source
o. i:
i un-, in-, not
cattle cow
1*1 ^ 1*1 i;<
So-)
1
rt
rt
l:<
I*1M meat
HX
cooked rice meal
4
l±A
i
r
if •
1 1
13
A FEW WORDS FROM THE HOST TARGET
Mr. Green is about to give a speecfi at tlie reception commemorating tlie five-year anniversary of the opening of ABC Foods Japan.
^
i
. ^ H (± C'>'lt(7) t .
\iLt'o
tz \tï
- • g C i ^ v N ^ p ^ t
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lc l i A L I f
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t ^) (tzi^^t
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^i to
•fj:J$rB:^mTm^Lir6(Di±wi6XTi- autumn
winter
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Fill in the blanks with the appropriate partiele. 1) 1 - < ^ i - t f ^ .
È t ; r l x i i ! \
i i X L T T ^ ^ b 3 0^^ (
) tfoTv^-S
f y | r Choose the most appropriate word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. 1) tJii^i 2)
Y'l
(
)
L/b^T-f^\
I.ZLtL'K
3)
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( 1.^J:9^~~
t,
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) r:'j\^ihi-fr\
I.VN-^^^
i^.^L+i
-Kf-i^K^xt^Lo tt
(
^ b X X .
)
••'W
4)
)
\:miT
gather, collect
come together
XJtl6
put In
enter, come in
finish, end
finish, end
i'
change
change
i'
decide on
be decided
lower L
close help, save catch
go down
mti L m-k-'i, tz-t -o-h^ti
dose be saved, be helped be caught
attach to continue with deliver stop
attach to
mi «< tt: Jtti t
continue be delivered stop
line up begin, start find move move
line up
ièt6 111; M.'^ii-i
begin, start be found
A
move
^i
move
copy
come out
cause
happen
cure fix
be cured
&i '/fc-
be fixed
leave behind bend, break cut it
extinguish, turn off break send out melt
ti: < -t
lose increase decrease
•m<
Meaning
*
burn
be left behind
if[H.i n V])tii i 'M^i m^tii Zh iiii X
-i-si^-ii n^i 'M.i %mi
be bent/broken cut go out, disappear break come out melt become lost increase decrease burn 275
A N S W E R S
T O
EXERCISES
A N D
QUIZZES
m m Lesson 1 Grammar & Pattern Practice
•
• t : oh, 78 i )fe>L/M,: storm, 108 t /c: be because there is . . . , 210
h : part-time job, 90 ^hTi/'HT 6: (R2) move hastily, become flustered, 149 * /C L A (ti) (-fj:) : reassuring, safe, 49 *) A-^XV ^ - f / M ^ 1 2 1 : guide map, 79 286
X ^ 9 —: waiter, 189 1 X i / U x i - . m plant, 86
X : COLLOQUIAL no, 96
^ ^•f)\ squid, 155 V ^7)n -^/VXIV. other than, besides, 244 V ''•h-'-t/^-h^-t: put to use, take advantage of, 94 ^ ^ $ X. lj / ^ T * !)f U : going to and returning from, 155 ^ M-f Ll/opinion, 74 ' . ^ L / E i i p : doctor, 94 [:i6l>:(R2) bully, pick on, 146 V ^ 7c T Ï ^ i - f / T l è É - f : HUMBLE
receive 179 O "fe ^' 9 /—p}: everyone, all, 249 ^ ^ 1.1: ^ É Alg': order (of food) for one person, 38 ^^-oLtp / • — t t : a kind (of), a type (of), 3 ^ ^ ^ 9 : ever more, all the more, 249 ^^-o f: \ # : what- (how-, when-, etc.) ever, 140 ^ I f >. \- full, 86 ' . ^ T l f v ^ T : a t t h e end of, 135 0 0 t « J; 9 1 = : as usual, like always, 39
.5/#J*-t4:move, transfer, 194 v^W-S/l/f-z,: pray, 218 ^ ^ i //©Ffl: living room, 72 ^^i Z'6 / Zl 6: now, at this point, 194 ^ ''h/%'^: meaning, 155 / —~y: image, 186 ^ (tf) (^C) : unpleasant, 17 ' . ^ t ^ ^ / W ^ t t : since, 265 'f 7 X h : illustration, 22 ^ ^ - i > / ^ . ï > : need, 55 '' 6 L/ic/fe/y''i': COLLOQUIAL vatious, all kinds (of), 53 \^h\^/%^\ V celebration, 222; ^ 1 / ^ l celebrate, 2I8 'f y K: India, 12 'f V F^- v T : Indonesia, 12 1 — k,: hmm, let's see, 42 1
1 L:
COLLOQUIAL no, 242
i:/^\^f:\sZ )1 something I want to ask, 73 7 ' 5 ^ - 5 / ^ - / l ' ' i : pass (an exam), 94 7 I t ^ - S / ^ l t f ! . - ! . : receive, 123 7 • ^ / ' i i : lie, falsehood, 11 1 tz-Ö^l /M 7 : suspect, 234 7 i ^ V COLLOQUIAL delicious, 40; good at, skilled, 31; 7 J < V \ < go well, 223 7 ^ ti-r/i-A-ih-f: give rise to, engender, 210 'y ^ /^•. plum, 110 7 'J i i / ^ 'j ^ : selling space, store/ booth space, 194 7 ^ U T'-f: be sick (of), be fed up, 49 HUMBLE
X. \ ^ S J: 7 /m^:
effect, influence,
101
X. tz/branch, 41 X.-^ t X ^ / M K ; viewing, perusal, 80 X'^
L o / M K È : reading
room, 79 X. ^ : Oriental zodiac (twelve-year cycle in which each year is named after a different animal), 219 x ^ - / f ' + * — : energy, 114 X-t/: shrimp, 189 t° V — K: episode, story, 47 X. i i>: (R2) gain, earn, 94 X. A $ - f -5 /^M-f i>: postpone, 43 \ 1 L -ï- 7 IC; as if finding something delicious, 27 fe\. ^T'^ ^7c/c < : HONORIFIC/HUMBLE
come (to where one is), 174 feo;b^ ^/a^JL"- ^: celebration, 222 fe 7 X. L/^S^^: cheering, 109 fe 7 L; / i - ? - : prince, 22 fe' 7 I f L
/ J 5 # # : applicant, 95
fefe$t-/AS^i-:big, 19 fe'fc' < (D/^ < /i&i>: escort, see/drive (someone somewhere), 181 fee L < / c - ^ 4 / f e « L T * 4 : HONORIFIC kindly come, 255 fe C - f / f e C "f: get (a physical symptom), 234 tiZicj /'fX 1: hold, carry out, 143 az i,/'^ii:get angry, 11 fe C 4 / f e C 4 : happen, occur, 112 fei7} / ^ ^ é : many places throughout, all over, 102 < 1: A - f 4 /mm-t h: confirm, 190 •ii^\ih/^\1h:(Kl) hang, 72 '^Mt'S: (R2) pour, 78 ^^•J -f: hold (something over something), 38 7)^ L / X - ? - ; sweets, 210 C / ^ ^ : housework, I60 7 5 ^ 1 : / . ^ ^ : fire, 198 •h'^LfzV, L tt; L: circulation (in a library, etc.), 79 180; fe'V'TI-'^' U i - f HONORIFIC 7!7"X: gas, 111 come, 178 i'-^ï/m wind, 13; ^--^'Ti'ri/M, fe lii} ió'C L: grandma, 257 ^^'iii i> wind starts to blow, 109; jJ^-tf fei*. T - r / f e ^ # t. T - f ; HONORIFIC 7 > ^ ^ < / . a i T j - ^ - ^ < wind blows, 108 wait, 184 Tj^-tf C / ^ /if{^: (tr.) break, snap, 188 114 fe' a o / f e ; f L : gratitude, return for a ' j : rather, considerably, 9 favor, 123 •fi^'l/: mold, 20 a iti, /iffili: (R2) break, snap (of i^^'i A - f - S / ^ S c S - f - S : endure, I60 things that are elongated and hard, 7 5 " . ^ I J / ^ : thunder, lightning, 17 such as branches or bones), 41 75 ^fe: bite, chew, 146
TJ^'WA C J: T T / ® ® ± T :
on-
screen, 78 J; 7 / i i . 7 : attend, 90; commute (to), 161 ^•ó^h tz: be because , 210 t |:v n \/''(^|c\, N\, N; good for you, 27 '^i^h -oX: COLLOQUIAL just because , 21 T;? 7 7 (ic) : colorful, 244 i7 U—: curry, 19 i^Ki / # f L 4 : (R2) die (of plant), wither, 145 ^ o lj _ . calorie, 27 tfh/È.: peel, 78 •d^h^^'ó'^6: love, feel great affection for, 57 i-'h') i c / f ^ ^ i j l = : instead, 123 •A^h6/i\h6:iake over, fill in, cover for, 123 T J ^ A U ^ S / J S L - S : feel, 101
TS^/L L A i ^ ^ ' i -S/M,^U'i^^-* 4 : have an interest (in), be concerned (about), 74 i'L^fz L/TtS.: New Year's Day, 219 i^L,'^i^/'^W: canned food, 56 i ^ ^ A l f o ; drought, 102 ti^Lu'i 7 ti-i,/^m-t i>: look after (someone who is sick), nurse, 93 ^^/LXiLi i-i'-o/mmmt plants appreciated primarily for their leaves, 8I ~ ^ " A t L A / ~ P 3 i : relating to , 47 $ / I B : notes, 252 $ feA/^l~/m: temperature, 101 J ï ^ H N / ^ i ; ^ : machine, 11 $ < /ife-iSl: plan, proposal, 206; $ < L i / i f e - S l # written proposal, 241 i TS^'O < / ^ 7 j - f # < : notice, 140
ii'X lUA-o/^^m^: trade secret, 66 * I t A m / ^ f k m : danger¬ ous, 9 $ C 7 / f t f è climate, 111 $ C < L U J : / ' i t a - ï - : ^ : overseas returnee, 148 è C / l a ^ : artide, 49 * L ^ 7 5 ^ ^ ^ l t ^ / f B : t ^ A : press conference, 234 $ -(+ ^ ^ - f -i. / a t J - f : regulate, 111 i / M I ' ] : rule, regulation, 53; $ ^ < /z/cLo/aiiJiE Irregular, orderly, 53 ifzT7') t l / % r y lj TV: North Africa, 3 $ ^ L o / ^ 0: auspicious day, 255 * *. J: 7 {+£) / * * i+i) : valuable, 185
287
i r>iX L/^^^J^: coffee shop, 145 ^ '7 f - > : kitchen, 53 i -oH: definitely, certainly, 7 + '7^V*:fox, 3 $ l c * 9-t-S/lBX-f-Siwritein, write down, 80 $ fe/C/lB^: commemoration, 234 $ l f t L / ^ B t f c L: diversion,
change of pace, 225 $ li A T $ fundamentally, 244 A f - : kimchi, 34
basically,
$ ^,:fe^n^r/^^^7>n^^^:feel good, 35 y h 7 — K: cat food, 4 + ^ y-fe/l/; cancellation, 49 ^-t» y F/b: candle, 35 ^ •1' y'^N— y-, campaign, 210 * * 9 C i ' l / . ^ ('iO ; sudden, 93 * * 9 l t r l'-^/i^fÈÈ.: lounge, 73 S * 9 Ü' Jt 7 / A ^ : sudden Illness, 49
$ J: 9 r < / f c W : education, 155 $ J: 9 ^'^ ^ / # C # : teaching materi¬ als, 91 $ J; 9 L O / ^ ; ^ : classroom, 9; class, 160 $ J: 9 L * 9 / 4 " 0 + : sometime today, 14 $ J; 9 L I* < feeling of regret for imposing on someone, 252 i' 'i / f t S : (sense of) obligation, 210 ^ ' lj ^ 3 3 / ^ S f - 3 3 : obligatory chocolate, 210 i U . ^ / i ^ Ij # : fillet, 23 $ t L ^ > / - t ; 7 a ^ : (R2) run out, 135 iKi> K6:{R2, intr.) break, snap, 35 $ *olt4/ft*#lt-6:takecare, look out, 72 $ A $ J: 9 / i 4 > X : recent situation, 219
: make , 85, 89 < -fifl'Z>/^tL-l>:(R2) fall apart, crumble, 41 < /c i r É -t/T^^ ' i -t: HONORIFIC give (to me), 179 C * > / S l 5 : complaint, 165 ^' y X : goods, 47 < If-ï)/S2-ï>: pass out, hand out, 210 bear, 15 put together, combine, match, 78 < t IJ / # IJ: cloudy, 108; < t6/ ft-i) become cloudy, cloud up, 108 / 7 7 : graph, 57 < i j / ^ : chestnut, 218 < i j i * ^ X : - r / , # i j j S - t : repeat, 11 < itl.S:(R2)give(to me), 27
288
< 6/M.: black, 244 < ^ L r / I ^ L r : detailed, 149 I t r X. r - f / Ü É f - t i,: operate, manage, 85 I t r ^ o / * * ; police, 4 I t r / c r T A * 7 / ^ ^ ^ f : M : cellular phone, 155 ^ — 'y-. cage, 4 "ir — A y 7 h : game software, 54 I t ' ^ ' ^ l - A / l t i ^ ' ^ A : injured person, 148 I t -0 -h^/^W: result, 56 I t o $ a: < / f ê ' f : in the end, after all, 150 I t o C 9 : quite (a lot oO, 21 I t '9-f-5/W^-f-i.;research, 65 I f A C 9 /^s^: manuscript, 39 I f A C 9 L C 9 /WiM-Mrè]: healthconsciousness, 76 I t A i / ^ $ : (medical) exam, 47 I f A i ' v V J l i : (at) present, 249 I t A * ^*5S:'?.: Ice freezes over, 108 Z'-i' < / M ^ : language study, I60 C*$lc* 9 < /•c'*r/C*|3X< * r : please write in, 80
C \'/%:. monkey, 35 L ' C ' ' i n \ 7: i s n ' t i t . . . ? , 3 * ^7 ^
—
celebratory
Lj:9ltATf-ijX
Y/U^rt
'j X h : investment analyst, 94 L J: 9 / c r - f ^ / | g # t - 5 . : invite, 143
l: J: 9 /c'A/JblHi: joke, 158 IXlU^) XI /'M^t: consumption, 210
llXlS-
(t-) /^A
amount of
(tc) : sturdy,
strong, 35 C X ^ i) / ^ ^ : managing director, 173
L J: 9 t>/V3^: the Showa era (1926-1989), 97 L J: < I : A / f t A : craftsperson, 75 L X a 4 : (R2) fall down, fei* 7 tLir6/'iiX-fi>: order, collapse, 41 78 fz-h': written but, 155 fe J: 7 * / m S : sun/ey, investigafz-h'"- ^ i c / S v ^ IC: each other, 269 tion, 47 fcTS"i - S / S i -5: rise, intensify, 76 fc fe: so, therefore, 109 •fe J: 7 L rt) / - f t ^ : long life, longevtz'h'Zi: want to do (only when speaking ity, 218 "fe J: 7 ^': just, conveniently, as it hapof someone else), 159 pens, 259 fi L -} If fl- L / t i ! L o I f ^i- L: left fe J; 7 i:-fVf/m^lf: bowknot, running (of water), left lying out, 114 244 f c ' - f / t b - f : hand in, submit, 195 fej: 7 Ij L / I I S l i p : (licensed) cook, fc-f I f / I * I f - 6 :(R2) help, 155; fc 94 -f I t T I / l * l f T I help], 155 fe J: S A - f - ê / I t ^ - f - i . ; save fc -f ifa 4 -Z): (R2) ask, 80;fe'fc
- f ^ < fc'^V^/fe#:(a< fc*VN
money, go
•f" 3 C7: chocolate, 210 please ask, 80 fc fc L V v / i E L V ^: correct, orderly, 53 fe lj J: -7 / > • # : medical treatment, 47 fz'^/^'Z): pass, go by (of time), 256 o v N; unintentionally, 114 fc , V lj: plenty (of), a lot (of), 77 -ov NTV ^ < / # v \T^T < : follow, go fc T -5 / 3 t T 6: (R2) build, 142 with, 155 fz Y. X If; for example, 218 •OK^Z-o-fi,/iiS^-f i>: bump into fc'i-/«S: shelf, 34 from behind, rear-end, 149 fc fn I f fc / - t : Star Festival, 220 - ^ • 7 3 7 /MAT. traffic, passage, 54 fc«LAIc^-ï./slèL>^^lc-f •&: 7 ^ < L f/'MMRM: interpreter, look forward to, 255 94 ~ f c l f lj: only just , 234, 236
•onK'i-fi
/ïttR-f
i:
interpret,
~ T' i T il: even if , 101, 103 ~ T 4 fe •) : have (someone) do (some- ^ i l ^ t x i / ^ t x i , : (R2)trap, thing), 123, 125 capture, 4 T •5: do (something) for someone -o-fy^i • 5 / i i i -S>:getcauglit, 147 else (of lower social status, an animal, o l t ^ / J ^ l t - S : (R2) marinate, 23 etc.), 126 fc X /M X. h: (R2) inform, tell, 33 X') X 1 ') / ^ f t S : (someone's) --^ tzh6/\i^hZ>: spread, go across, own cooking, 258 come through, 269 X'iXi,/\iii\.i>: C O L L O Q U I A L be able •O i ^ / i . : soil, ground, 20 to go, 225 O T : COLLOQUIAL (partiele that emphati~ T A / ' ^ . ' J : store selling , 47 cally identifies the topic of the senT A Z ' L / i i ' t : message, 201 tence), 86; (particle used for quotation; T A f e / f ; > t ! l : battery, 37 T A 'J J: < /f;2?7: electncity, 102; = ^),12 TAU X ^ x . 4 / : | ? . i J # X . 4 / I f 5 ! . i j m ~ >1C/~M.C: degrees Celsius, 78 V ^^> ifp-tf/Fnlv ^•ê-^9•ti:: inquiry,
148
~ T I f •?) :"do (somethifig) for someone else, 126 ~ T -S): (indicating a condition brought about by deliberate action), 71 T ' i ) -2>: FORMAL/WRITTEN be, 214 TV ^ ~ / # ' - ' : lowin ,27; T V \ T!? D IJ —/iètfj o IJ — low in calories, 27 T o $ i; 9 - f i,/M.i^-t h: offer, 249 ~ T V •> < : continue to , go on ing,
T fe < : keep, save, 258 o T
undertake, engage in, 249
H ijliL464/SiJiê*:)4:(R2) start taking (photos), 97
^*ij J: < - f * / ^ ; ^ 7 - f * : strive, make an effort, 139 ^ -Sl: steal, take, 139 F UX: dress, 54 ^ a - S / ^ a - Z , : (R2) come off, become detached, 41
143
1 X'L X 1 tlW wonder, couldn't say, 16 ^ ' 9 .ï- 9 T : by the way, 3 ^ L/'^'^: city, metropolitan area, lis L T : as , in the capacity of ,47 X 1 Z ( / ^ J l H : developing country, 111 ^ L f 'J / ^ - f f 'J: elderly person, senior citizen, 218 ^ L Ï ^ i,/if-ty^6: become older, age, 51 Y t,/i.i^: land, property, 51 ^'fe feTt 4'V V neither, 56 ^••fefel::èvNxt.-vv/^-fefe^i •g X. "t' V \: cannot say one way or the other, 74 ^'-^ C O L L O Q U I A L somewhere, anywhere, 221 ^' o fe T i V n N; don't care one way or the other, 76
'^tC:
(emotive particle), 27, 28
fi.-vi L J : / r t l t : secret, 259 •'i' V 1 T ' : (indicating means or attendant circumstances), 70 tt'V
N J; 9 / i * l ^ : content, 127
t-'H:
furthermore, in addition, 252
tc-ó^/"^:
in, in the midst of, 249
tCtl'X'/^hZ-^'Ê.^:
long phone
call, 204
ictl^ict!^: quite, fairly, 133 icé'ió i>/Ö^*!) i>: (R2) gaze at, at,
look
91
tcti'h'. while, 86, 91; but, in spite of, 252
ti:-d'ili/}È.it6: •^1' $ Z'x/'ji.tsP: '•^td fiC^tC^^:
(R2) flow, flush, 37 sound of crying, 17 have to
, 39,
216 fc < / x f t < : cry (of person), 17 tc < /"M ^ i k '
i
< : cry (of animal), 3 fei
to t:
,
V I t ft' V ^: C O L L O Q U I A L have
220
{ tc i> / " t : i ti: i>: die, pass away, 47
•t' 3 -y t° y / : internet shop'^£K'A/'BA: trouble, concern, 154 ping, 51 •^C fe-f / " i l t ' t " : (tr.) ring, sound, l l 'ts:t?^i>/ik' < : as .. . as possible, 197 ^ULfi\ ^ / ~ ^ ' ( ^ : (a certain) era, •t' •5 l i I see, I understand, 85 (a certain) decade, 55 •^t' i t -I) / ' M a -5: get used to, accus^l/CÉ - ^ / ^ J R : end of the year, 218 tom oneself to, 254 ii Li\ COLLOQUIAL something, 19 :(R2) ~ I - T : through , using , 252 miss (a train, etc.), 134 ~|C ^ T : t o , for , 101,102 KllLLx < / H J a p a n e s e l i i ) : w e l l . . . , um . . . , 162 style food, 249 Vi'—: partner, 47 l : iJ) 9 V X - f - 5 / X K i - t - & : be •'^ — 7': herb, 18 l i v N; good question, 113 hospitalized, 93 ^ : motorcycle, 158 |C tj) 7 ii'V ^ $ L/K^-k: registral i v N l t A - f - 6 / # . a - f •5:HUMBLE tion fee, 151; l : * 9 TJH ^-f i>/K •^-f i) Join (an organization), 151 see, look at, 173 ~ I C J: o T : by , 142 Ilv ^ L tJ) -o/^Yiii: emission. 111 ~ 1^ J; •& i i : according to , 12 l±v ^ L * o lj j ; 7 / # t l i * : amount \Z i / U i : (R2) look like, resemble, 22 of emission, 111 l±'75MC-f l > / , S , ^ | C - f ^ : look down 1: A $ / A ^ : popularity, 32; I : A $ on, make a fool of, 205 ri< Ij /iê.J:.7i' I j : price rise, lis If "f: ought to, should, 27, 31 ^ T -f 7": native speaker, 243 l i f e A - o : honey, 78
292
I f o f e X / ^ i l " : pronunciation, 148 hacker, 145 If -p J l j : definitely, clearly, 250; If T i 'Jir il become clear, 234 I f o fc-^-f - S / H s t - f l):develop, 113 l l - ^ T A * g e n e r a t o r , 110 If o T/fe-f 4 • & : generate electricity, 102
If o I f v N-f- ,5 /§h^-t h: put on sale, 219 11 -t- L * 9 discuss, 155 If
L / ' i i a - 5 : (R2) be apart, be removed, 218 ~ I f ~ I i Ü": the more (something is the case) the more . . . , 269 | f ^ v ^ t C 0 T / - ¥ • v ^ t « T : time flies, time passes quickly, 256 I f ^ : hurry, make it quick, 240 11^46\z/^-ihK: early, in advance, 257 I f - S : become popular, 54 11 / f f t •?>: freeze over, 108 If •5 /% i>: post, put up, 72 I f t L / B t i f l : sunny, 108 ^ j L: hmm, I see, 23 7 :s-^--'y 9: fennec, 3 J * 9 - f /^Tkf h: become widespread, 49 < o 9 /MM: stomachache, 234; ,1-
{-oi^az-f/MM^^z-f get a stomachache, 234 ^ -V { h/^: bag, envelope, 222 7"-ff—: buzzer, 155 L (S£) /^^WM, ite) : mystenous, amazing, 19 -r; L * 1 *',r- < ^ / : ^ ? a i t t « : envelope for a mournful occasion, 244 .ï>-tl: C/BJ' C: prevent, 102 -l-fzL/^^: usually, ordinarily, 210 .I'-o 1 / # Ü , : usually, normally, 3 o'-^ I t : (R2) hit, bump (into), 147 .l-t i,/i^i>: get fat, gain weight, 50; .ï-ïi i j - t $ ' « / i c i j 3 t J ' « too fat, 57 (onomatopoeia expressing the sound of soft laughter), 77 iJ/^iJ: step on, 143 7""-7 7 ^'iblack, 77 U C A-/U') ihA^: deposit (of money into someone else's bank account), transfer (of money), 52 7'"l/—+ : brake, 149 -V'/^/iC: sentence, 199 N $ A,/^i^: average, 101 C < / ^ f t S : United States, 173 ^ v ^-ti-v ^/^JÜ: the Heisei era
(1989-), 252 X : bass, 203 y ')T y: vegetarian, 86 - ^ f : ( ' i - ) / T f - (fiOibadat, unskilled, 146 : waste, 114 t;: impoyt, 143 rpi-f / f f - f : forgive, excuse, 249 J:v^/ft.v\good,47 i o f e i i L^/ftofei^ï:havea nice New Year, 221 J: •? : so as to, 252 i 9 ( t ) : seem, be like, 3, 10 J ; 9 TJ*^ L/>¥3t-f-: Western sweets, 210
fe v 1 $ < / ^ ^ : guest, 268 fe L V1; supposedly, apparently, 27, 32 ~ fe tt-S: (auxiliary honorific verb), 200 y V f - : lunch, 132 'j — f— '> y y': leadership, 212 l j ; 7 X X h: request, 257 lj < fe/IlM: land, 112 lj ' ^ t* l j ; rehabilitation, 50 ^) &°—f—. reporter, 200 lj Kb 7 / S A : reason, 212
lj *9^^* < 6 / i ^ , 222
/
baked apple: ^ $ U A C ' / S * U A Z', 78 barkeeper: V X ^' —, 95 basically: S l ï A T $ I c / * 4 ^ Ó 5 I-,244
bass: X , 203 battery: T A f e / S ; j t f e , 37 be able to: C )lf/'X'^ -6,80 bean: É * ! ) / S , 2I8 bear: ^ ^ v / ^ l , 15 beautician: IfX 9 L / ^ # i i p , 94 because: all because of ^W-tfv N T", 49; be because ~75^ fe 210, fz ^ fz, 243; just because ~'J"feoT,21 beginnings: l i L i IJ / i é t U , 210 believe: L A L - & / # L 92 besides: v ^^Jn ^/» J t , 149 city: Ji L / # t l T , 115 class: $ i; 7 L o / | 5 c È , I 6 0 ; classroom $ J: 7 L •o/^'M., 9 cleaning: 7 5 ^ 7 c - o l t / , t ^ # | - t , 132 clear: become clear (of facts) l i o $ U - f -S, 234; clearing up after ^tti^tz
-^n/mmi, i6o cleariy: 11 o $ 'J, 260 climate: $ C 7 / ^ l l , 111 close: (on familiar terms) L 7c L v ^ / M L V N, 9 3 cloudy: < 'j / # U , 10s; become cloudy, cloud up i è • S ) / # ' 6 , 10s coffee shop: $ o ^ T L/'^^lS, 145 collapse: /cfe'=K. -2. / # J ^ , 41 college years: TJ'' < -tfv ^ C /c'v m\. 95 colorful: tfyVIl (ti.0,244 combine: < . ^ i ) i : > H f - & / | I A - i - f j -ti-^,78 come across: ^ ' 5 ^ l t - 5 / . l j ^ ^ l f •6, 47 come into existence: T $ -S/tb^fc i>, 123 come into one's possession: T 1^ Ilv ^ - S / ^ U X ^ , 123 come off: Ji Ü • £ / | X . i L , 41 come through: (be communicated) fz
hi>/\iihi>,
269
come to think of it: 7 v ^ X. II', 22 come up: T $ -S/tfa^^-S, 123 come up with: fe' è v < < , 256 comicbook: i A'S'^/iS®, 54 commemoration: $ i ^ A / S B ^ , 234 commotion, cause a: C / I S C, 157 commute (to): il^X 7 / s f t T , 151 complaint: < ' f e , / E S , 165 completely: "f o U , 86 computer catalog: I f A'S < J; 7^'?7 ::J7/^tffl^'^°7n7,79 computer game: 3 7 t° ^ — — y"-A,ii concentrate: - t i : A ; < a A - f - ? . / # ^ - f
-5,
95
concern: fcK" A/'&iA, 164; be concerned (about) -/l^L L A^J^'i) • ï ) / ^ iO;^-5i)^,74
condition: (physical) ! , 3 destination: ^ / ^ 9 t , 39 detailed: < L V N / | ^ L V X, 1 4 9 develop: If 7 c - f -i> / ^ 5 t - f -S, 113; developed country -tf A L A C < / ^ f c ï t S , 1 1 1 ; developing country Ji t J : 7 < / J É ± H , 111
die: ic < ic h/ti
, 143 extent, to this: C LtCK, 109
gain: X •2>/^f''6, 94; gain weight Ü4/±-&,50
game software: A V 7 h, 54 garlic: IC A l : < , is gas: il'X, 111 gasoline: tfV 'j V, 115 gaze at: 'J.'i^'^46'l>/Bj646-5, 91 fairly: tcti^tctl^, 133 fall apart: < - f f L l > / , ^ ; ( l ' 6 , 4 1 generate electricity: I f - ^ T A - f • 5 / ^ fall down: tzHiti/&]tli.Al m - f ^,102 generation: ^tz^ ''/^W, 57 falsehood: 9 ^ / B É , 11 generator: I f - t ) T A $ / ^ « : « , 110 fan: (supporter) V-rlr'— 9 —, 109 get: (a physical symptom)fe'3 - f / f e farm: W 9 C J: 9 / M M , 66; farming C-f, 234; get angry fe' C •S/^S-S, W 9 $* J: 9 / I . * , 129 11; geta phone call X'Lhtl'ii^-fy^ fault of , through the: ~CO-(f v ^ T', 49 i/'Mi-^HH^i, 144; get caught fed up, be: 9 A ^ ' U T'-f ,49 -^75^ i - i > / ^ i -S, 147; get dirty f feel: L i/^Si L -S, 101; feel good C*^-&/>-ftL-5,130; getdrunk J; $tfe^^A^V^/$l^ffe:^n^^^,35 o I f fe -7 / i ï ' - p I f fe 9 , 54; get fat female friend:fe'A-^J.'Ü t fiiö/± >i> t 6 / j ^ i , 50; get hungry fe'^i' :èlit, 210 '5^'J'^'f < , 10; get in the way (of) t Kfennec: y x^'- -y 7 , 3 i-f 6 / ^ P , S - f •&, 144; get mixed in fiasco: /c'v N L o I f v ^/A^^IJC, 150 i^i/il-5* -S, 243; get used to ^i' fight, have a: I t A ' J ' ï - f 51 fL4/tI^H.-5,264 fillet: i 'J A/'g) lj 23 ginger: L i 9 i^''", is find: A.'r>\a/'^-o\^h,i6 give: (to me) { i l i , 21; (to someone of fire: 11/.l^C^f:, 198 lower status, to an animal, a plant, etc.) fit: i ) 9 / o" 9 , 78 K'i, 29; give rise to 9 Atzf /éflood: C 9 - f V ^/)j^7ji, 102 •^tB-f,2lo florist; l l ^ L - ^ / Ï È M , 186 glacier: Ull -h'/yVi^, i l l flow: t'7j--';(l4/;1ïil'?.,37 global warming: fe $ r)) 9 akjfzLi fluent: " ' ^ 7 " ^ 7 , 243 flush: +£ti'Ki/'MM-i,m flustered, become: 'hhXi/'rkX
il^/m^Mmc. 101 goal: t < !> J: 9 / @ # , 7 6 297
go by: (of time) fz'^/^'O,
256
going to and returning from: v ^ $ i J ^ X . go out: -h'^^Lyi-o-fh/^V-^-f •5, 187 go well: 7 É O < , 223; go well with h 7 / - o 7 , 78 good: J; v \, 47; good at 7 J v\3i;goodfor ICVHN, 27; good for you fe/c lev N O / # | C V n 27; good harvest IS 7 ^ < / ^{"f, 218; good question (said in response to a question) l l v \ 113; good work fc075^:ai i T L t z / a ^ mtX'Ltz.im goods: / - y X', 47; L -t" 4 W / D ^ 4 # , 239 grandma: fe I f i> fe A , 257 graph: / ^ X , 57 gratitude: fe'^v \ / f e ' ^ L , 123 grave: L A C < ('iO, 101 greatly: Ji'A t " A , 51 greenhouse: fe'A L o / j g . ^ , 111; greenhouse gas: fe A L o C 7 J^^'T!/* X/SS^^T^/'X.m greet: fe'^S^X. - S / i f f i X. 4 , 249 ground: - ^ f e / ± , 20 grow: 112 guest: fe v ^ J »f < / T ^ ^ ^ , 268 guide map: A^^J-'V ^ - f / ^ I * l l l l , 79 gymnastics: tz^^^l I60 hacker: '^-y i]—, 146 hairstylist: Xf X 7 L / | | # f i i i , 9 4 hand in: t ^ - f / ^ - f , 196 handout: < I f • 5 / 1 2 - 1 ) , 210
handle: ' ^ > K / I / , 54 handwriting: L / ! ^ , 73 handwritten: T T J ^ ' * ( 0 / ^ # $ c?3, 219 hang: T j M t ^ / t t l t . ? . , 72 happen: fe' C • S / f e C -S, 112 happy: Lhh^ ( ' j . ' ) / ^ - t t (^-0,40 hard: o f e \ ^ / ^ o , 148 hastily, move: i > + 3 T - ê / ' I Ë T 149 have: (hold; a party, etc.) f> fe < / S f l < , 132 health office: ( i I t A L Jt / • K ^ F / f , 234 health-consciousness: I t A C 7 L C 7 / • » * , * ^ l é ) , 76 hear: from what I hear 7 , 3, 12; to hear tell i t . . . ~ « I f ' i ' L T I f / - « l ï r T l f , 12 heater: /c A I Ï 7 / B l ^ , 14 heel: (of a shoe) t — 2 6 0 help: T ' c - t l t ' S / J ^ l t * , 155 herb: •> ^ — 7 , 18 here and there: i ) fe C fe, 8I high-class: C 7 $ i* 7 / i f t f ö , 210 high-rise: C 7 7 / i t - ® , 97 hinder: t ' i - t i r 6/^m-f i.
hit: (strike) t " K, 12 Indonesia: 4 > F^-.">T, 12 industry: ^ A $' J: 7 / - É ^ , 113 influence: XV ^ $ J: 7 / f . 5 ¥ , 101 inform: -^/c: X •l>/'(5x-5,33 injured person: It'S'^'IC A / l t > ^ ^ ' X , 148 inquiry: 'C\^^h^/f-S,'-^^h^, 234 instead: •/)-'h U l c / - ( ^ | 7 lj |C, 123 instrument, musical: tl'-D è/sféH-, I60 insult: h i < ' f e / , l o , 146 insurance: ( i I t L/'^^k, 47 intensify: tztl^t i/wiXi,76 intention: i U, 123 interest (in), have an: A L h-h^h i/'m ^ A / ® # ' t , 95
investigation: fe J: 7 ^ / I ^ S , 47 investment analyst: L J: 7 I t A T - f U X h / i i E # T - / - U X h,94 invite: L J: 1 fz\^-f i / ^ m f 6. 143; É ^ < / ^ g < , 185; invitation fe' É^$/fetg*,267
invoice: -tf v N $ * -7 L J: / t t s R ^ , I5i involve: (someone in something bad) i $ C f e / # $ y v f e ' , 155 island: L X/%, 112 isn't i t . . . ? : L * f ^ i ' V i ? , 3 issue of ,the: ~ W l t A / ~ < 0 ft,
194
jacket: + "Jr y h, 70 Japanese-style food: 1^15 A L X {
a
/
249
jazz bar: + X' • , 203 join: (an organization) I- 7 i / X ^ - f i . m joke: L J: 7 / r ' A / K t t , 158 jump out: t Ifti-t/mWih-r. 149 just: (as it happens) fe J: 7 ii*, 259 Just like: i i X', 10 keep: (a pet) 7 / I s ] 7 , 3; (a promise, etc.) i t -i>/ / # S * - f - 5 , 1 9 4 much, this: 3 A t IC, 1 0 9 must do: L t v ^ Ü, 1 1 4 must not : ~ T l f v M t t ' v ^, 1 0 5 mysterious: .J- L ( t ) / ^ © I R (t),19
name plate: — A 7 ° U— h, 1 4 named : ~ Üv \ 9 Ü 9 ,47 nationwide: -tf A 3 < / : ^ 1 I I , 4 7 native speaker: 7" -i 7 " , 2 4 3 natural resource: L l t * A / ^ ~ ^ > , 111 need: V ^ - 5 / # - i > , 5 5 ; need to do: L tv^ii.iM neither: ü ' f e f e T t t n ^ , 5 6 new product: L A-tf v N U L/l^hW. «°p,11
New Year: L A i ) a A / i t % 2 1 8 ; happy New Year: * . l t i L T f e J ó T Ü 9 Zl^K^if/mm LXÜiör Ü 9 C'^'v ^ i f , 2 1 9 ; have a nice
New Yean f v Ü L * / f t . v ^fe 2 2 1 ; New Year's card: U/Cf)' L X 1 / ^ S i ' c , 2 1 9 ; New Year's Day: f/'LfzL/ftS., 2 1 9 ; New Year's Eve: ÜÜA^ ilVi^M B, 2 2 0 news coverage: L i * i"v ^/WM, 2 3 4 newspaper company: L A ö ' A L f / i r M t t , 234 no: V ^ X, 96; 9 9 A , 2 4 2 ; no comment 7 — 3 7
7 K74;ohno!
L i
I , 203 normally: .ï^-^ 9 / ^ i l , 3 North Pole: l i - ^ * J: < /i\M, 111 not: not at all: Ü A T i t v \ 2 6 6 ; not much i> A i ' j , 223 notes: $ / I B , 2 5 2 not so: not so . . . as .. . Ii i f t V \ 269; that's not so -^r A t C Ü t V \ 55 nothing: nothing but [U^ 'J, 85; nothing serious / c v X / c 3 Ü t v \ 2 2 4 ; there is nothing one can do about it L J; 9 75'^'t^N_224 notice: (n.) (announcement) t i L fe -tf / fe^p fe - t f , 7 2 ; (v.) (take notice) $ fl' -3 7c
< / f t i ^ M t < , 140
now: V •> i ^6/•^Zl6,194; now as always 3 A C* Ü t /Mk Ü t , 174 nowadays: Z(nzl6/Z cOKf, 16I nurse: -^^Llf X 9 i f 6 / - ^ i l n i -f4,93 obligation, sense of: U / ^ ® , 210 obligatory chocolate: ^ ' ij f - 3 3 / ^ ïSf-3
3,210
obtained, be: T l ^ l f v ^ , ^ , / ^ | c X •6, 123 occasion: ^ V ^ / l t , 189; -tf * / ! $ , 249; - t f - ^ / t p , 267 occur: H Z 6/&Z 6, 1 1 2 offer: (recommend) f't^6/$ilif> 6, 2 7 ; (provide) Tv \ $ J: i f 6/ m'kf6.2m oh: h fe, 78 oil:-tf$l1)/^>ti), 115 older, become: Ü L $ Ü - i > / ^ $ f ! . I>,51 Olympics: ^ 'j 7 t° -y 7 , 93 only: 11*75^ U , 85; only just T c i f 75^ U , 234, 236 on-screen: ^ ' ' ' 4 6 A L J: 9 T / ® ® J:T*, 78 oopsl: L i - ^ T ' c Li-^T'c I), 203 open; V- fe < / F J A < , 94; (of a lock) -h^V ^ L i - f - S / ^ E ^ - f - ? . , 3 8 ; opening (of a business) \-tf-o/PfllS:, 249 open access: C 9 '5^v \ / - i ^ f j f l , 7 9 operate: I t v ^ X. v ^ " f -6 / f é ' t ' f , 85 opinion: ( 3 ' ) v ^If A / ( 3 * ) 74 opportunity: f - + 7 X , 2 0 6 opposition: If A / c V ^ / H : * t 76 299
-or: (person who performs a certain job)
plan: $ T S X /:iÈr®, 205; (intention) t
order: (n.) (of food, for one person) v ^ fe A i 38; (v.) (place an order) fe * 9 t Lf i/'jkX-f i>, 78; in order to 7c 46 | C , 85, 90; order of l : * A / ~ ) l i , 14
orderly: $ - t < 7'c 7Ï L v N/jSfliJ JE L 53
ordinarily: Z^-tzL/^^, 210 organic agriculture: L -tf A W 9 I Ï 9 / ê ^ * > * , 86
other: l i 161, IJ SM:, 218; in other words - 5 i ' j , 244; other than v ^-ó' v ^/yA^y, 244; the other day v^Tc'/CWFtS, 55 oughtto: H f , 27, 31 oven: /t" — 7 ' > , 78 overhead: " f C J: 9 /M-t-, 205 owner: (of a pet) Sn ^tó L / t H v ^ i , 4 oyster: 189 • paper: (thesis, essay) 6
L^V-L/^X,
201
parent: HK'/M, 155; parents' house: i: - 3 7> V ^ * , 221 parking violation: fe 9 L 'f'V \ | 1 A
/m.$-mK, 147 partner: ^ , 47 part-time job: T 71/-' 7 / : ^ , 110 police: l - t v N $ - o / * ^ , 4 policy: l i 9 L A / : ^ # , 106 polite: TV ^*av N / T * (t), 234
popular: l : A $ W / A ^ W , 32; become popular 11 •^•5, 54; popularity KLi/K%. 32 post: (put up) I f - S / I i ' i ) , 72 poster: r|-°X 7 —, 155 postpone: X. A $ - f -5 /^M-f i , 43 potluck: t fe J: U / ^ T ^ ^ i J , 2 5 9 pour: i^Mt-5, 78 power: fe fe / . ^ , 85 practice: L 9 5 * X / W ' l f , 210 praise: l i i ö i / ^ ^ i , 143 pray: VN(7),z,/;f/j-,|,_2i8
premium: C 9 $ 9 / i ^ R , 210 present, at: I f A5"'v ^ / ï | . ï i , 249 press conference: i L S H Mf A / iZ^^M., 234 prevent: -ï^-tf < ' / B ^ ^-|j/jlt±^, 210 patiently: t Ji, 23 pedestrian: ( i C 9 L ^ / # I T ^ , 205 peel; (n.) (skin of fruit) fl^h/È-, 78; (v.)
photographer: L
l j , 123
prince: fe' 9 L / i . - ? " , 22 print: (characters on paper) L / ^ , 73 private car: "7 'f 7^7—, 115 probably: / c ö - A , 3 proceed: - f - f
fe'/Üfe',
^a,
143
fftj/iS^
fe', 51
9,21
race: I/—X, 96 rapidly: J i X J i X , 51 rare: 46 " f f e L v ^ / g ^ L v ^ , 3 rathen TS^t U, 9 reach: (a certain time or stage) fe' ^^ X -5 /iffiX-5,249 reading room: X - ^ fe A L - ^ / P f l K S,79
reality, feeling of: L o ^ X / ^ ) ê , 101 rear-end: -^v v Ji -o-f ,z,^ 149
reason: U I* 9 / S A , 212; + 7 l f / | R , 234; for this/that reason T'-f fe, 57; for what reason Ji'9 v ^ 9 hUX'/ Ji"9 V ^ 9 f ^ T , 2 3 4
reassuring: ^LLL
(t)
/'^i,si remember: fe' 4 \^fif/W,\ ^tfc-f, 55 removed, be: l l t ' ^ - S / ^ / f L - S , 218 repair: L * 9 U - f - S / l l f ^ - f - S , 130 repeat: < U ' ^ ^ X - f / i ^ U ^ " f , 11 replace: (batteries, etc.) Ji U jJ^X - 5 /
^U#X'5/^Umx-5,37 report: (v.) (complain about to police) Ji J i * l t - 2 . / - S l f - 5 , 4 ; (n.) (statement) l i 9 C < 219; reporter: ij*°-^'-,200
representative: tz^^U X 1 /W^, 93 reputation: D-1 1 I f A / l f f i J , 11 request: U 7 x X I-, 257 research: l t A $ * 9 fi/Vk%-f •5, 65
resemble: i/i>!ii>, 22 resolution: t X, 149 ski resort: X L i 9/ X + —
i§,
rope: o —7°, 35
L¥h
y-,
short, in: i 'J, 244 should: i l - f , 27, 31 shrimp: X. V, 189 sick (of), be: 9 A ^ ' U T'-f, 49 sign: -f-^ 7, 50 signboard: -f 7,50 simulation, run a: v ï a. -> 3 7
sincerely: i 3 Ji | ; / ^ | C , 252
/ • i l b - t , 11
rise: tz-ö^i. - S / i f t ± 4 , 7 6 room: i / F s l , 252 roots: (beginnings) 11 U i 'j / i è i U,
rot: <
settle down: fe' fe < 7 ' i l ^ f e # < , 256 shape: t)^fz fe/f^, 110 shelf: / b ' t / f f l , 34 shhl: L o , 3 shoot: (a ball) -> 3 . — h - f 4 , 1 9 8 shopping center: "7 3 y t ° 7 ^''-fe 7
< . 101
selling space: 9 'J H * / w U ^ , 194 seminar: ; , 95; -b J i-—, 150 sender: -t 9 L A L 256 senior citizen: (fe) Ji L J; U / (fc) U,218
sentence: -V-Li/X, 199 serious: L A C < ( t ) / i S * J ( t ) , 101
service center: -y- — t ' X -fe 7 ^' —, 131 sen/ice hours: ') X 1 U T ^ X / ^ I J S B#Pfl, 79 setup: ^-oi) -o-ri/mSL-fi,, 94
110
skilled: -7 i v \ 31 skirt: X 7!; — h, 51 slander: hi C f e / S o , 146 slogan: ^ C Ji l l / - ê - v ^ - f S , 155 small bird: C Ji U /'hM, 23 smash: h i l i / P ] K i , 148 snap: (of string) S f L 4 / - 1 ^ i ( l 4 , 35; (intr.) (of bone, branch) fe'^4/# ^ 4 , 41, (tr.) (bone, branch) fe' 4 / # 4 , 188 so: (therefore) tztl^iy, 109; (to that extent) ^- A-^i" lc, 110; so as to f j , 252; so much I-, 221 soaking wet: WI X Ititl/W I X >i ^ , 147
s o a p : - t ! : - p l t A / ^ M , 17 society: L f-TSH \ / ^ t ^ , 102 software: 7 7 h •> x T , 95 soil: - o f e / ± , 20 solar panel: V — y—-' iV, 102 solved, be: TJH ^ I f - ^ - f 4 / f r ; ^ - f 4 , 225
something: tcLti^, 19 sometime today: i X 1 L. ^ ^ H ' f , 14
1 /
somewhere: Ji"/>7>\221
soon as (one) knows, as: ir/l^^} L tz V ^ / ^ J ^ T } ^ lj
234
sorry, I'm: C ' ^ A - t r " * i j i - t f A / t t s L I R * lj i -tfA, 38 so-so: i i i ) , 223 sound; fe Ji / ^ , 3; there is a sound fe' Ji'J^'-f 4 / - t - ^ ^ ' t 4 , 3 sour:-f-:>ll^^/^-p|l^ M 8 South Pole: J: < / i ^ f e , i l l specialization, specialty: -^Lii L/ #P1,47; specialty store -tf A t A T A / # F m , 47 speech: * v ^ i - ^ / ^ # ' , 33
speeding violation: X h°— Kv M I A / X 1;°- Ym.K. 147 spice: X--^^ X , 19 spill: 3 I 4 , 4 1 spite of, in: ti'^'^, 252 spread: 5 / 4 i 4 / 0 ! É 4 , 210 spring and autumn: L nii LL fP 1 / •^jC, 252 squid: v V / ^ \ 155 stacked boxes: LiPl I f C / S | | , 21s staff: X -y 7 , 73; staff member -^^i^
^)/B.-ó'^ -S, 109 windowpane: t Y ' t f y X / ^ t f y X , 148 wine cellar: 7 > -fe 7 —, 20 wish for: ^ a i j < 9 / M 9 , 2I8 with : ~ Ji/^K6. 145 without : (-free) fc'~/#~, 66; without fail ^ ^ t fe-f / * - f , 114; without further ado * T ? " < T ' - f
ti'/^i^r-t^', valuable: $ fe J: 9 (tO / : > * ( t ) , 185 various: v ^4 A t / f e A t , 53 vegetarian: - ^ i ^ ^' 'j T V, 86 vending machine: t l ± A S / ê K 4 i , 54 very: Ji o T 4 , 23 veterinary clinic: Ji*9 - i - ' ^ f / j : 9 v ^A / J * # ^ l ^ , 47 viewing: X - ^ f e A / P f l K , so visit: (to someone who is sick or injured)
aAt\^/aiM^\n3 waiter: —, 189 want: (when speaking of someone else) l i L'fy'i, 159; want to do (speaking of someone else) tz'h'i, 159 warmup: *>/c/c46•S/a|;*:>-5, 14 warm winter; fzLY 9 /^M.^, 110 warming: ti Ltz Ltl^/'&i^-it, 101
65
word: Z Ji I f / • f ' ^ , 11; a word (= a few words) UYZ Y / - ~ t , 249 worry; L A l f v ^ - f - S / i ^ S S - f 157 worst possible: * v ^ * < ( t ) / f t , l (t),260 wrap up: (a letter, etc.) L 46 < < •& / l$46< < 4,219 write in/down: ^ lc 9 -f i>/tZ\ - f 4 , 80; please write in: C* $ IC n> 9 < 7'c'iVv/C'|aX< / c ^ V ' years: number of years f 9 ^ A / l i C 55; these past few years Z Z-f i UL/Z zm^, 55 yes; J ) ^ , 22 young: f ) * n v / ^ v \ 2 i 4 zodiac. Oriental: X. Ji, 219 zoo: Y'l ^I'-oxL/WlM
B,
127
Index abstract generalization, 69 adverbial form of an adjective, S9 adversative conjunction W |C, 35 animals, names of, 4 apology, 124, 175 assertions, 31
giving examples, 86 giving, 29 gratitude, 175 greetings: C A l e fe (±, 66;
attendant circumstance, 70 auxiliary honorific verbs, 200
hearsay, 12 hesitation, 28 honorific expressions,
basic pattern, 7,12 beliefs, expressing 32
t
out-group, 174,176
ÜMil^
'j i - f , 66-67; C fe fe C
67
29, 174,176,177-79,
180, 196, 200, 253
honorific language, 174,176,177,18I, 250 humble expressions, 174,178-79, I80
capacity, indicating with Y L T , 4 8 causative/causative-passive structures, 156-57
cause: indicating with 7c*!), 49; indicating with the -te form of a verb, 70 certainty: expressing, 31; expressing degrees of using adverbs, 7 change: coming into effect, 50; continuous, 51; effected, 89 completion of an actioii, 87 compound verb, 102 concluding a business letter, 253 confirming, 8,102 conjunctive form , oven/iew of, 6 noun phrase, 67, 69 noun-modifying pattern, 7,10, 31,49
giving and receiving services: honorific verbs for, I8I
125-26,176;
question, asking aloud to oneself, 27 question embedded in a statement, 85 quotation marks, 155
in-group, 174,176
t < O T pattern, 7, 35 negating, 68 negative form tt'V '^T'-f, 158 negative imperative form, 168 negative question, 4 negative statement, 4, 34, so New Year's card, 219 nodding, 268
174
215-17; in writing, 213-14
possibility, 50 potential verbs, 34, 89 purpose, 90, 253 puzzlement, 35
V ^vS^Wfe-f L, 155 imperatives, 198-99 impressions, 10, 33 incompletion of an action, 87
decision, 105 demonstratives, 27,30,48, 68, 195 demurring instead of accepting (compliments, etc.), 264 T' L J: 7 pattern, 7,10, 32 desire, stating other people's, 159 desu/masu style, 4 details, indicating in a letter, 253 dictionary form, 50,128,198, 270 dissatisfaction, 35 doubt, 28
falling intonation: to express a supposition 7; to ask a question, raise an issue 8; to softly pose a question, 9 foreign countries with kanji designations,
parentheses, 155 particles, co-occurrence of, 211 passive structures, 141-42 permission, 104 plain style, 4 plain style: in speech 4,140,155,174,
omission; of t:/X"t, 4; of questionmaker i'', 4, 8; of particles, 57, 85, 217; ongoing action, 71, 87 ongoing activity, 235 ongoing effects, verbs that express, 48 order of actions, 70
reason, 49, 212 regret, 35 rhetorical question, 102 rising intonation, 8,195 role, indicating with Y. L T, 48 RSVP postcard, responding with 253-54 seasonal greeting, 253 seeking agreement, 8 set phrases used in letter-writing, 253 similes/figurative comparisons, 10 simultaneous actions, 91 span of time during which an action occurs, 145 spoken styles, 215-17 states in effect, 87 states, verbs that express, 34, 89 suggestion, 107 supposition, 7, 107 surprise, 86 suspicion, 31 thanks for a previous favor, 265 topic-changing, 253 vague, being, 124 wonder, 28 written styles, 213
osec/)/cuisine, 218-19
303
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T H E REVISED 3RD EDITION O F JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE In the 22 years since its publication, Japanese for Busy People has won acclainn worldwide as an effective, easy-to-understand textbook, either for classroom use or for independent study Now, in its first revision in more than a decade, the series has been redesigned, updated, and consolidated to meet the needs of today's students and businesspeople who want to learn natural, spoken Japanese as effectively as possible in a limited amount of time.
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With Japanese for Busy People III: Revised 3rd Edition, students will learn all the grammar necessary for initiating, carrying out, and concluding daily conversations, in both casual and business settings. The book introduces a range of sentence patterns for expressing suppositions, impressions, and beliefs; indicating cause, reason, or purpose; describing changes; making suggestions; stating decisions or intentions; and for apologizing and making excuses. In addition, it teaches passive, causative, and causativepassive constructions; honorific and humble speech; and special expressions for the giving and receiving of objects and services. Japanese for Busy People III: Revised 3rd Edition features: • A free CD containing 73 minutes of listening practice based on 126 dialogues introduced in the book 1
• 150 kanji, with ample space to practice writing them • Over 120 illustrations to make the learning process both fun and effective • 15 reading exercises • Quizzes that allow learners to test their understanding • Usage, culture, and style notes The Japanese for Busy People series has been prepared under the guidance of a working group of experienced language instructors who reviewed and tested the material in their classrooms. About the Authors The Association for Japanese-Language Teaching (AJALT) was established to meet the practical i needs of people who wish to communicate effectively in Japanese. In 1977 it was recognized i a n n n n r n f i t n r n a n i z s t i n n h\i ianan'
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