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Kznieio

Kznieio

Kznieio 

Qksthj kznieoi Ċkeh stigfb oblh ebsk fkstbvh, pupbfloh, avhtbvh k pfbnbvh.

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Sbvrkei kznieoi lh uvh!iei u akflu vrheli"  `btbskethzh   triespkriaklh  rizjheh disbvi 

Qksthj kznieo

Obrhebv sksthj

Kznieio $hjhek pupbflio

Kznieio risth vrmbj, ei objh lh vhdhtiakbei oupi.  Srk bsebvk vhdhtiakbeh ouph bgrizulu sh ziĊhak fkstbvi. & elkmbvbj pizumu bgrizulu sh gbĊek kznieak. 'hb stigfi si obdi pbfizh fkstbvk eizkvi sh Ċvbr (ebnus),, i nhb stigfi kzjh*u nvi Ċvbri lh Ċfieio (ebnus) (kethrebnkli).

%bĊek pupbflak #vbr #fieio

#fieio

Kznieio $hjhek pupbflio

$hjhek pupbflio %bĊek pupbflio  prvbd rhni

%bĊek pupbflio  nrudbd rhni +riei obli sh rizvkfi kz gbĊeb pupbfloi

#vbr #fieio

#fieio

Kznieio 'kmbtbjkj drieielhj bsbvkei sh driei ei nvh ebvh  lhneioh drieh. Jbebpbnklifeb drieielh (jbebs  lhnie- pbnkhe  ebkai, bsbvkei) sh bnfkoulh tkjh tb lh lhnei bsbvkei dfivei (eizkvi sh jbebpbnkluj) k bei stifeb vuĊh rist, nbo gbĊeh drieh pbfizh si elh k zibstilu u ristu. Srkjhr jbebpbnklifebd drieieli su Ċhtkeirk, lishe, mrist, livbr, nrhe k nr. Qkjpbnklifeb drieielh sh drieielh sh bnfkoulh tkjh tb dfivei bsbvkei eh risth stifeb vrmbj, vh! prhokni risthelh, i  lhnei bn gbĊekm driei prhuzkji privia ristheli dfiveh bsbvkeh. $b sh stifeb pbeivfli tbobj risti gkfloh.

Jbebpbnklifeb

Qkjpbnklifeb

9

7

'kmbtbjb

Jbeb Jbebpb pbnk nkli liffeb

1

Qkjp Qkjpbn bnkl klif ifeb eb

Kznieio

'kmbtbjb

Jbebpbnklifeb

Qkjpbnklifeb

Kznieio +/393971>Jbebpbnklifeb jebdh ifdh, dflkvh, fkseith jimbvkeh, ristivk!k, jebdk Ċhtkeirk k nr.

3ahr sp.

+/393971>skjpbnklifeb  vhfkok grbl vrsti, zhflisth (flutk!, lidbni, obpktelio), nrvheisth (fhsoi, fkpi, grhzi)

$kfki sp.

Kznieio

Kznieio

Kznieio sh rizvkli bn pupbflĊk!i ofkah, tiob ni beil kznieio Ċklk rist vbnk ofkake pupbflĊk! sh eizkvi bsebvek kznieio. %bĊek kznieak su bek oblk eistilu bn gbĊekm pupbflioi. Supbflio lh, u stvirk, jfin, lb ehrizvklhe kznieio, Ċklk  lh eilvieklk nhb vhdhtiakbei oupi. 'hbgbj !hfkli vhdhtiakbeh ouph eistilu svk nhfbvk kznieoi. 8njim kspbn vrmi vhdhtiakbeh ouph ziĊkelu sh fkstbvk, i u elkmbvbj pizumu bgrizulu sh gbĊek (pizuek) pupbflak kz oblkm pbstilu gbĊek kznieak. $iob eistilh drieielh, bnebseb bgrizulh sh sksthj kznieioi, oblkj sh pbstkh pbvh!ielh pbvrkeh gkflebd thfi.

Kznieio  lh jfin, lb ehrizvklhe kznieio. Qistblk sh kz vhdhtiakbeh ouph k zitktekm fkstk!i oblk bgumvitilu oupu.

 Supbflio

$hjhek pupbflio

Supbflio oblk sh eifizk ei vrmu kznieoi eizkvi sh thjhek pupbflio Kz thjhebd pupbfloi eistilu ebvk Ċfieak stigfi.

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Kz gbĊekm pupbflioi rizvklilu sh Ċfieak driei

4itktek fkstk!k 0hdhtiakbei oupi

ziĊkelu sh vie vhdhtiakbeh ouph, ei fkstu, obrheu, stigfu

 Invhetkvek

pupbflak

%bĊek pupbflio

Kznieio

Kznieio Wkzbj

 lh vkhdbnkelk kznuhek pbnzhjek kznieio ghz zhfhekm fkstbvi. /izvkli sh bnjim kspbn zhjflh, eilvkh nb pbfi jhtiri nugkeh.

Kznieio Ortbfi

 lh vkhdbnkelk pbnzhjek kznieio fbptistbd bgfkoi si liob sori!hekj sor i!hekj kznieakji. Supbflak sh rizvkliu r izvkliu u pfktokj unugflhelkji = boai.

boai

Kznieio

Kznieio Fuobvkai

Kji bgfko nhghfbd nksoi. ;hfi fuobvkai bgivklhei lh zitktekj fkstk!kji. Kz pupbfloi fuobvkah rizvklilu sh einzhjek kznieak k ebvh fuobvkah.

Kznieio

Kznieio $tbfbek

Suzh!k znieak oblk sfuh zi vhdhtitkveb rizjebivielh. Qi stbfbei pbfizh invhetkvek obrhebvk dnh sh kz pupbfloi rizvkli ebvk kznieio.

stbfbek

Kznieio Wi%flkoh

ObeĊistk kznieak oblkji gkfloh prkĊvr!ivilu zi ehok Ċvrst bsfbeia. &dfivebj sh rizvklilu obn gkflioi si sfigb rizvklhekj jhmiekĊokj hfhjhetkji.

Kznieio &re

Kji zitkteu ufbdu. /izvkli sh u pizumu fksti k jbdu sh ei elhju rizvktk fkstbvk. $iovh trebvh kji dfhnkĊkli, ginhj, trelkei.

Kznieio 'kfbofinklh

Qu fkstbfkok kznieak. 'i `kfbofinklh eksu fkstbvk vknk sh pb tbjh tb sh ei elkji rizvkli fkstk! i oiseklh k avht k pfbn.

Qtigfb

Qtigfb Qtigfb lh bsbvkei kznieoi. 0ifloistbd lh bgfkoi si ufbdiji ni" 

Sbstivk fkstbvh u eilpbvbfleklk pbfbil u bnebsu ei svhtfbst

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& triespbrtu jithrkli u iskjkfiakbebj k triespkriakbebj tbou

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Jbh vrktk `btbskethzu

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&Ċhstvbvitk u sofinkthelu jithrkli

Qtigfb 'rvh!h  #vrstb vkhdbnkelh rizdrieitb kfk ehrizdrieitb stigfb si jebdb jhmiekĊokm hfhjheiti  ?ueoakbekh tbobj Ċktivbd kvbti k si ehbdriekĊhekj lh ristbj  0kskei jbh gktk bn 6 nb :55j, i stirbst bn 6 pi nb vkh mkflini dbnkei

C j. > rui, rkgkzfi, jifkeiII

/ugus `rutkabsus > oupkei 

/kghs siedukehuj > rkgkzfi 

Qtigfb Sbfu(guebvk = sh drieilu oib guebvk, ifk su elkmbvk kznieak sijb u nbelhj  nhfu nhfu nrvhei!tk k vk%hdbnk%elk.

7hnebdbnkelk kznieak sh rizvklilu ei nrvheistkj vkhdbnkelkj kznieakji k trilu sijb  lhneu shzbeu. Sbfuguebvk su vkskeh nb G5 aj. ( JilĊkei JilĊkei nukai, oietirkbe, if`kli ....)

ANphrkauj phr`brituj > oietirkbe 

Qifvki b``kakeifks > if`kli 

Qtigfb 4hflisth gkfloh ehjilu vkhdbnkelh einzhjeh kznieoh , tb zeiĊk ni einzhjek brdiek bvkm gkflioi kzujkru ei orilu vhdhtiakbebd phrkbni. Jbdu gktk" 7hnebdbnkelh

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'vbdbnkelh

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0khdbnkelh

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7hnebdbnkelh zhflisth gkfloh pbĊkelu k zivrivilu kvbteu akofus u tbou lhneh shzbeh. Sisufl, sbli, fughekai oristivia, tkovi, ououruz, kti, obrbvsoh gkfloh" ouobfl, tkr, jrtvi obprkvi, h`hjhreh gkfloh.......

3drbsthjji dktmidb > ouobfl 

3jirietmus rhtrb`fhHus > tkr 

Qtigfb 'vbdbnkelh zhflisth gkfloh u tbou prvh dbnkeh kvbti bgrizulu ein zhjflbj sijb fkseu rbzhtu, i pbn zhjflbj brdieh zi jidiakbekrielh mrieh.  & tbou nrudh dbnkeh rizvkli sh stigfb si avhtbvkji k pfbnbvkji eiobe Ċhdi gkfloi udkeh. (avhofi, irdirhpi, phrue...ehoh obrbvsoh gkfloh" strkĊio, nkvkzji...)

Shtrbshfkeuj arkspuj > phrue 

0hrgisauj pmfbjbknhs > nkvkzji  nkvkzji 

Qtigfb 0khdbnkelh zhflisth gkfloh = einzhjek kznieak kzujkru svioh dbnkeh, i pbnzhjek brdiek su kj vkhdbnkelk.  Sbnzhjek brdiek ebsh pupbfloh oblk su rhfitkveb nbgrb zitk!hek u zhjflk bn rizekm ehpbvbflekm `iotbri, kz tkm pupbflioi sh svioh dbnkeh rizvklilu einzhjek lhnebdbnkelk kznieak, oblk avlhtilu, nbebsh pfbn k shjh. (JisfiĊio, nhthfkei, fuobvk....)

$iriHiauj b``kakeifh > jisfiĊio

$rk`bfkuj prithesh > nhthfkei  

Qtigfb Srkjirei dri)i !tigfi

& pbĊhtekj `iziji rizvk!i kznieoi stviri sh elhdbvi prkjirei dri*i. 

Obn jbebobtkfi ti dri*i bstilh tbobj Ċktivbd kvbti, nbo sh obn nkobtkfi k dbfbshjhekai prkjirei dri*i zijhelulh shouenirebj. 

9* hpk hpknhr nhrjk! jk!, oblk sh eilĊh!h sistblk bn lhnebd

sfbli !hfkli-

7* prk prkjire jirei i obri oblu Ċkek ehobfkob sfblhvi kvkm

pirhemkjsokm !hfkli k jhmiekĊoh !hfklh (eilĊh!h obfhemkj).

1* ahetri ahetrifek fek akfkeni akfkenirr , obdi kzdri*ulu prbvbnei tokvi

(`fbhj k oskfhj) k tokvb srk. Srbvbnek sebpk!k su obn jbebobtkfi rizgiaiek, nbo obn nkobtkfi bgrizulu prsthe. Kzjh*u `fbhji k oskfhji, obn nkobtkfi, eifizk sh prkjirek oijgkluj.

Qtigfb

Qprbvbnek sebpk! ?fbhj Oskfhj

:.1pknhrjks 6.Srkjirei obri

@.Qr

Srkjirei dri*i stigfi nkobtkfi

Qtigfb

Srbtbnhrj Srboijgkluj

8sebvek jhrksthj 0hdhtiakbei oupi stigfi

Qtigfb Sbstieio prkjireh dri*h stigfi

Qtigfb Obn jbebobtkfi sprbvbnek sebpk!k su rizgiaiek pb pirhemkju stigfi tiob ni obn elkm ehji driekah kzjh*u srk k prkjireh obrh. 1pknhrjks

Qprbvbnek sebpk!

Sirhemkj

Srkjirei dri*i stigfi jbebobtkfi

Qtigfb $houenirei dri)i stigfi sh rizvkli obn

Ċhtkeiri k obn vhfkobd grbli nkobtkfi. Qhouenireb nhgflielh stigfi bghzgh*heb lh rinbj shouenirekm jhrksthji (`hfbdhe k oijgkluj). 'hgflielh lh bghzgh*heb stifekj stvirielhj shouenirebd oskfhji oi ueutrielbstk k shouenirebd `fbhji oi spbflielbstk prk Ċhju lh prkrist oskfhji nifhob vh!k.

:.

9*Obri = bstiak hpknhrjksi , phrknhrj k

jrtvi obri

7*Oijgkluj, eilĊh!h kji kzdfhn prsthei k

driekĊk sh si shouenirekj `fbhjbj k shouenirekj oskfhjbj

Ċkek eilvh!k nhb stigfi k drinh di hfhjhetk oskfhji 1*$houenireb nrvb

!hfkli u +*$r( lh kzdri*hei bn pirhemkjsokm hpknhrjks

objh sh sofinktk sorbg.

oskfhj sr obri

@.

@. C.

`fbhj oijgkluj

Qtigfb

Qr Oskfhj Obri Oijgkluj ?fbhj Obrke oijgkluj Obri