INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 832 Second edition 1994-12-01
Information and documentation Bibliographie description and references Rules for the abbreviation of bibliographic terms Information et documen ta tion - Descrip tion et r&f&ences bibliographiques Regles pour I’abrGviation des termes bibliographiques
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ISO 832:1994(E)
Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 832 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOnC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 9, Presen ta tion, iden tifica tion and descrip tion o f documen ts. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8321975). The rules for abbreviations have been revised and augmented. The lists of abbreviations in the first edition have been removed and will appear as a separate ISO Technical Report (lSO/TR 11015). Annex A of this International
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Standard is for information
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1994
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International OWanization for Standardization Case postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland
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ISO 832:1994(E)
Introduction These rules for abbreviation are intended to guide and assist authors, editors, librarians, etc. in preparing abbreviations for words and word combinations that are commonly used in bibliographic description and references. The application of such abbreviations within references, catalogue records, etc. is subject to the particular rules being used to create a bibliographic description or other form of reference. Because of the large number of terms which are commonly used for document description and identification in many different languages and because these words and word combinations are used in a wide variety of applications and contexts, it is not possible to establish rules which tan guarantee in every instance that different users will construct the Same abbreviation for the same word or will reconstruct the same word from the same abbreviation. To facilitate the use and understanding of abbreviations in documentation, lists of the common abbreviations for bibliographic words and word combinations in many of the languages covered by this International Standard appear in a separate ISO Technical Report (lSO/TR 11015).
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INTERNATIONAL
ISO 832: 1994(E)
STANDARD o ISO
Information and documentation - Bibliographie description and references - Rules for the abbreviation bibliographic terms
2.7
truncation: Shortening of a word by the omission of two or more continuous Ietters at the end.
1 Scope This International Standard specifies rules for abbreviation of words and word combinations commonly appear in bibliographic descriptions references in languages using the Latin, Cyrillic Greek alphabets.
the that and and
Abbreviations of titles and title words are excluded from the scope of this International Standard and are covered by the provisions of ISO 4.
[ISO 4:1984]
3 Rules for abbreviation word combinations 3.1
2
of
Definitions
For the purposes of this International following definitions apply.
Standard,
the
2.1
affix: One or more letters attached to the beginning or end of a word or root, or inserted within a word or root and serving to produce a derivative word or an inflectional form.
2.2
Word whose component compound word: Parts are themselves words or combining forms. [Adapted from ISO 4:1984]
2.3 contraction: Shortening of a word, word group by omission of internal letters.
syllable, or
Methods
Words and word combinations tan be abbreviated by truncation, contraction or by a combination of both methods. The recommended method of abbreviation for most words is truncation. Truncation, however, should not be used in those cases where it would result in ambiguity. Regardless of the method of abbreviation, at least two letters shall be omitted from the word to be abbreviated. Words from which only a Single letter would be dropped are not abbreviated. Words and word combinations should not be abbreviated if the text tan be interpreted in different ways.
3.1.1
2.4
a) The abbreviation full stop (.).
2.5
inflected form: Form undergone by words to mark such distinctions as those of case, gender, number, tense, person, mood or voice.
2.6 root: Simple element inferred as the basis from which a word is derived by phonetic Change or by extension, as composition or the addition of an affix.
and
of abbreviation
[ISO 4:1984] derivative: Word formed from another word or root by the addition of affixes other than inflectional endings.
of words
Truncation is only the first letter followed
by a
EXAMPLE page = p. Abbreviation to a Single letter should be limited to common words that are very frequently used. b) The last part of the word, consisting of at least the last two letters, is omitted and replaced by a full stop (.).
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EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
1 document = doc.
1 manuskript = ms.
2 pseudonym = pseud.
2 privately printed = priv.print.
3 illustration = ill.
3
3.1.2
Contraction
Certain letters in the middle of the word are omitted. In particular, the suppression of vowels is a common method.
Tt’lTyJlbHbtl
J-WlCT = Tl4T.J-l.
Usually all or several components of a compound word or word combination are abbreviated. For compound words, however, a part of the last word only may be omitted. EXAMPLE Buchhandlung = Buchh.
EXAMPLES 1 book = bk.
In a series of words, if not all the words have been abbreviated a space shall be left between the unabbreviated word and the next word in the series in Order to ensure clarity.
3.2.1
2 limited = Itd.
The abbreviation is normally followed by a full stop (.). EXAMPLE
EXAMPLES
Band = Bd.
1 et alii = et al.
NOTES
2 bianco e nero = b.e n.
1 In some languages and national practices, if a word is contracted and the abbreviated form ends in the same Ietter as the full word it is not normally followed by a full stop.
3.2.2 If the unabbreviated word combination is hyphenated, the abbreviation should also be hyphenated.
EXAMPLES 1 numero = no
EXAMPLES
2 Compagnie = cie
1 naukowo-badawczy
2 In some languages, such as Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, the omitted letters may be replaced by a dash (-) in certain cases. EXAMPLE M3flaTeJlbCTBO
= nauk.-bad.
2 avant-propos = av-pr.
3.2.3 Abbreviations of a series of words shall be placed in the same Order as the words themselves.
= M3fl-BO
EXAMPLE editio auctior et emendatior
3.1.3
Combined
method
The abbreviation is formed by a combination of contraction and truncation, in which certain letters in the middle and at the end of the word are simultaneously omitted. The abbreviation is normally followed by a full stop (.).
3.2.4 A word that is not normally abbreviated may be abbreviated when it forms part of an expression or series of words. In an expression or a series of words, the abbreviation for an individual word may also be shorter than the abbreviation normally used for that word on its own.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLES
Herausgeber = Hrsg.
1 neue Reihe = N.R. 2 Government
3.2 Compound combinations
Printing Office = G.P.O.
words and word 3.3
The components of a compound word or word combination should be abbreviated using the methods outlined in 3.1.
2
= ed.auct.et emend.
Plurals and other inflected
forms
The same abbreviation should be used for differ .ent grammatical and inflected forms of t he same word.
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ISO 832:1994(E)
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3.3.1
Plurals
EXAMPLES 1 imprensa, imprimerie
The abbrevia tion for the s ingular form of a word should also be used for its Plural form. EXAMPLES 1 fascicle, fascicles = fast.
2 Broschüre, Broschüren = Brosch. However, differentes between the Singular and Plural forms of a word may sometimes be reflected in their abbreviated forms in Order to prevent ambiguity (particularly when the method of abbreviation involves contraction).
2 catalogue, catalog = tat. If orthographic differentes between words which are derived from the same root and have the same meaning affect the part of the word retained as the abbreviation (particularly when truncation is the method of abbreviation), the abbreviations for such words may be different. EXAMPLES 1 Supplement = suppl. 2 suplemento
The decision to use a different abbreviation for the Plural form should be based on the degree of clarity required by the specific application in which the abbreviation is to be used. 3.3.2
Appended
= impr.
= supl.
Words derived from the same root but with different meanings should be abbreviated in different ways. 3.4.3
articles EXAMPLES
In some languages, the definite article is attached to the word. The same abbreviation should be used for the word with an appended article or without one.
1 anno =a. 2 annuario = annu.
EXAMPLES 1 bibliotek = bibl.
3.5
2 biblioteket = bibl. 3.3.3
Grammatical
Semantically
unrelated
Words which are se manti cally abbrevi ated in different ways
prefixes
In languages such as Malay and Indonesian, the prefixes before nouns and Verbs have grammatical functions. These grammatical prefixes should be suppressed or reduced in the abbreviated form of such words.
words unrelated
shall
be
EXAMPLES 1 collection = toll. 2 collaboration = collab.
EXAMPLE diperluas = prls.
3.4
3.6
Derivatives
3.4.1 The same abbreviation should be used for words in the same language with similar meanings derived from the Same root.
EXAMPLES 1 editor, edition = ed. 2 redaction, redige = r-ed.
Terms with Latin equivalents
Words and word combinations in different languages which are equivalent to commonly used Latin terms such as “sine nomine”, “circa”, “Pagina Varia”, may have two forms of abbreviation: a) the abbreviation for the Latin term or its equivalent in a non-roman script. This form is widely used in international practice regardless of the specific language used in a bibliographic description. EXAMPLE et al. = et autres (French)
The same abbreviation words which have the same different languages.
3.4.2
should be used for root and meaning in
and others (English) und andere (German)
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ISO 832: 1994(E)
b) the vernacular abbreviation specific language.
derived
from
the
In general, if the unabbreviated word or word combination is capitalized, the abbreviation is also capitalized.
EXAMPLES 1 i inni (Polish) = et al. ori in.
2 und so weiter
3.7
(German) = etc. oru.s.w.
Use of small letters and capitals
Abbreviations are presented in small letters (lower case) or capitals (upper case) according to the customary practice of a specific language or region.
3.8
Diacritic
marks
Diacritic marks should be retained in the word abbreviation. For languages where an alternative spelling without diacritics is also possible, this alternative may be used instead.
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ISO 832: 1994(E)
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Annex A (informative) Bibliography
[ 11 ISO 4: 1984, Documentation - Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications.
11015~-. 1) Information and documen ta tion Bibliographie ‘description and references Abbreviations of typical bibliographic terms.
[31 ISO/rR
[2] ISO 690: 1987, Documentation - Bibliographie references - Content, form and structure.
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ISO 832:1994(E)
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ICS 01.140.20 Descriptors:
documentation,
bibliographic
entries,
bibliographlcal
references,
abbrewations,
rules (instructions).
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