ISO 3448

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Second edition 1992-09-l 5

Industrial liquid lubricants classification Lubrifian fs liquides industriels

- IS0 viscosity

-- Classification

IS0 se/on la viscosit6

IS0 3448:1992(E)

Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is nortnally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International EIectrotechnicaI Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an lnternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 3448 was prepared ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants. This (IS0 Annex

0

IS0

second 3448:1975),

edition of which

A of this International

by Technical

cancels and replaces it constitutes a technical Standard

Committee

the first revision.

is for information

edition

only.

1992

All rights reserved. NO part of this publication may be reproduced 01 utilized it-1any form or by any means, electronic 01‘ mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Intern ational Orga nization for Standard ization Case Postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland

ii

IS0 3448:1992(E)

Introduction This International Standard has been prepared to meet the immediate needs of those IS0 Technical Committees that promulgate International Standards for equipment and need to refer to lubricants, i.e. TC 39, A&chhes fools; TC 123, P/air, bearings; TC 131, Fluid power systems; and others, by providing a classification of liquid lubricants according to viscosity grades. The purpose of this classification system is to establish a series of definite kinematic-viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users and equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for designating or selecting industrial liquid lubricants according to the kinematic viscosity required in a particular application. When the first edition of this International Standard was being prepared, systems for classifying the viscosity characteristics of industrial liquid lubricants were simultaneously under study by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in collaboration with the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) (ASTM D 2422-68), by the British Standards Institution (BSl) (BS 4231) and by the Deutsches Institut ftir Normung (DIN). The cooperative effort first resulted in this IS0 classification in 1975. It is desirable that any such classification system should cover the entire range of kinematic viscosities of liquid lubricants normally used; at the same time, the number of kinematic-viscosity grades within the classification should be limited. A continuous system, in which any lubricant within the viscosity range could be given a grade number, was first considered, but it was recognized that this would involve either an unduly large number of grades or an unduly wide range of permitted kinematic viscosities for each grade. For the classification to be of direct use in engineering design calculations, in which the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant is only one of the parameters, it is desirable that the viscosity qrade width be not more than 10 36 on either side of the nominal value.LThis would reflect an order of uncertainty in calculation similar to that imposed by dimensional manufacturing tolerances. This limitation. coupled with the requirement that the number of viscosity qrades should not be too large, has led to the adoption of a discontinuo;rs system with gaps between the viscosity . w grades. The reference ternperature for the classification should be selected to be reasonably close to average service experience. It should also closely relate to other sdected ternperafw-es used t.o define properties such as viscosity index which can aid in defining a lubricant. A study of a series of possible temperatures indicates that 40 “C is particularly suitable for the purposes of industrial-lubricant classification as well as for the lubricant-definition properties mentioned above. This viscosity classification is consequently based on kinematic viscosity at 40 T. The viscosity designations are ASTM/STLE and BSI classifications

identical to those in the previously mentioned.

well-known

... Ill

IS0 3448:1992(E)

Although this IS0 classification is bound to lead to a number of existiny lubricants (possibly including some at present widely used) not beinb accommodated within the classification, there is nothing to prevent the continued use of such products by agreement between supptier and consumer. The kinematic viscosities of such out-of-classification oils should, however, be determined at 40 T. It is expected, however, that lubricant producers will move towards the adjustment of their products so that each product will fall within one of the viscosity grade designations; that users will, in the interests of rationalization and the reduction of the number of oils which they use, call increasingly for lubricants covered by the classification; and that machine and equipment manufacturers and their component suppliers will take due note of the classification in the design stages and in their lubricant viscosity recommendations. It is not expected that tiquid lubricants of every quality, or those designed for very specific purposes, will be, or will need to be, available within every viscosity grade of this International Standard. NOTE 1 The Society of Automative Engineers (USA) established many years ago standards for identifying and/or classifying the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used in automotive engines or gears. Their systems, which are widely known and used in most countries of the world, are based on the mensureme& of kinematic viscosity at tetnperatur-es that are considered to represent the normal operating range; the nomenclature used is for example SAE lOW, 20W

and 20, 30, etc., for engine oils (SAE J 300) and SAE 75W, 8OW, 90, 140, etc., fotgear oils (SAE J 306). It should be noted that this IS0 classification for industrial liquid lubricants is not: intended to replace either of the SAE systems: on the other hand, the latter systems, while they have desirable features for automotive lubricants, are not suitable for extension to industrial lubricanfs in general.

Industrial

1

liquid

lubricants

-

IS0 viscosity

3

scope

This International Standard establishes a system of viscosity classification for industrial liquid lubricants and related fluids. This includes mineral oils used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, electrical oils and for other applications. The usual method for kinematicviscosity determination is that specified in IS0 3104, but this may give anomalous results when used with non-Newtonian fluids (i.e. those whose coefficient of viscosity varies significantly with rate of shear). For SUCII fluids, it is therefore important to state the particular method by which viscosity has been determined. It is also chemicals lubricants, cation.

2

recognized that there may be some pure and‘naturally occurring products. used as which will not fatI within this classifi-

Normative

reference

The following standard contains provisions which, through refe;-ence in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. A!I standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this lnternationai Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. c 1SO 3104:1976, Petroleum products -- Transparent of kinematic and opaque liquids - Determinafior, viscosity and cakulation of dynamic viscosity.

classification

Classification

3.1

The classification defines 20 viscosity grades in the range 2 mm*/s to 3 200 rnm*/s at 40 “C. This covers, as far as petroleum-based liquids are concerned, approximately the range from kerosine to cylinder oils.

3.2

Each viscosity grade is nearest whole number to its viscosity in square millimetres at 40 “C, and a kinematic-viscosity of this value is permitted. The with the limits appropriate to table 1.

designated by the mid-boint kinematic per second (mm%) range of + IO % 20 viscosity grades each are given in

3.3 The classification is based on the principle that the mid-point kinematic viscosity of each grade should be approximately 50 % greater than that of the preceding one. The division of each decade into six equal logarithmic steps provides such a system and permits a uniform progression from decade to decade, but in order to provide simple numbers the logarithmic series has been rounded off. The maximum deviation of the mid-point viscosities from the logarithmic series is 2,2 7%.

3.4

The classification implies no quality evaluation, and provides information only on the kinematic viscosity at the defining temperature of 40 “C. The kinematic viscosities at other temperatures will depend on the viscosity/temperature characteristics of which are usually reported as the lubricants. visco~~ity/ter~-~l~e~-at~~r.~ curves or stated in terms of a viscosity in&x (VI).

IS0 3448:1992(E)

3.5 The kinematic viscosities of the same lubricants defined by this International Standard, but identified at other temperatures customarily used in some countries, are shown in annex A. Three values of the viscosity index have been used. These data are given only for the purpose of general guidante in understanding or adoption of this International Standard.

4

Designation

The followinq wording shall particular viscosity grade: IS0 viscosity which

grade

.. .

may be abbreviated

IS0 VG...

Table I -

IS0 viscosity grade

IS0 viscosity

Mid-point khema tic viscosity

classification

Kinematic-viscosity rnrn2/s

nw?/s at 40 “C

- ~---_-__

limits

at 40 “C

---- __________.

min.

max.

IS0 VG 2

2,2

1.98

2,42

IS0 VG 3

3,2

2,88

3,52

IS0 VG 5

5,06 7,4R

436

4,14

IS0 VG 7

618

6,12

IS0 VG 10

10

9,00

11 ,o

IS0 VG 15

15

13.5

16,5

ISO’VG

24,2

22

22

19,8

IS0 VG 32

32

28,8

35,2

IS0 VG 46

46

41,4

50,6

IS0 VG 68

68

61,2

74,8

IS0 VG 100

100

90,o

110

IS0 VG 150

150

135

16.5

IS0 VG 220

220

198

242

IS0 VG 320

320

288

352

IS0 VG 460

460

414

506

IS0 VG 680

680

612

748

IS0 VG *l 000

1 000

900

1100

IS0 VG 1500

1 500

1 350

1 650

IS0 VG 2 200

2 200

1 980

2 430

IS0 VG 3 200

3 300

2 880

--

3 520 ---.--

be used to designate

(IS0 to:

3448)

a

IS0 3448:1992(E)

Annex A (informative) IS0 viscosity

classification with corresponding kinematic viscosities temperatures for differing viscosity indices

at various

VG

IS0

is0

,;‘2

/j /

, I 1

!SO :+.‘G $80

:CJ 718

:

iI:

j

/ ij

j !

1I l

I

i j ’ 1 j j

1 /

I

at 20 “C

to 9230

have

1 loot0

1350

1 2460to3020 /I 3610 to -I435

I

/1 j

1 233 to 286 331 to 419 395 to 608

69.8 to 85,8 104to 127 157to 194

1

i

21.8 to 26.8 32.0 to 39,4 46.6 to 57,4

1

1’

I

810 to 970 1130 to 1355

283 to 339 -toot0 479 575 to 688

102 t0 i23 ‘44 to 172 199to 239

35.9 to 42.8 so,4 to 60,3 72,5 to 86,9

‘3,3 to 16.0 18,6 to 22,2 25,5 to 30,3

by extrapolation

fI

mm+ at 50 “C

kinematic

(1.69 to 2.03) (2,37 to 2.83) 1 !3,27 to 3,91)

= 13

Approximate

(2,05 to 2,52) (3.02 t0 3,71) ($38 to 5.38)

mm2/s at 37,8 “C

index

I 1 {,6,55 to 8.05) j 9.73 to 12.0 ’ ‘4.7 to ?8,1

/ /

!

Viscosity

been derived

?9400to25200 31 180 to 40300

;‘170 ’

1 080 to i 390 2700 ‘720 to 2210 to3480

242to 315 402to 520 672 to 862

54.2 to 69.8 87.7 to 115 ‘44 to 189

(12.3 to ?6.0) Z0.2 to 25.9 33.5 to 43.0

i2.82 to 3367) id,60 to 5.99) ;:7,39 to 9.60)

mm2/s

in parentheses

1500 1 COO j: 135Oto !E50 3oo:o 1100 1 I 2200 : * 380 !o 2 -120 3200 I L380?0 2520 /I

NOTE - Values

ISO'JG iSOVG

iSOVG IS0 VG

198to242 288 to 352 J14to 506

165

IS0 VG ‘“‘G ii0 33 0 iSO 'JG 460

61.2 to 74,s

19.8 to 24.2 &-I to 50.6 28,8 35,2

9,oo to 11.0 ‘3.5 to 16.5

135to

i j /’

to 5,06

6,12 to 7.48

J,‘4

1.98 to 2,42 2.88 to 3.52

mmz/s at 40 “C

’

VG 22 ‘JG VG 46 32

! j

f

I 1

Kinematicviscosity range

IS0 iSO ‘JG VG 68 100 IS0 VG 150

IS0 IS0

iSO ‘/‘G 15

10

VG 5

VG 7

IS0

‘JG 2 VG 3

IS0 IS0

viscosity grade

IS0

/t

!ij

I

at 20 “C

15900to 20400 25 360 to 32600

3700to 4740 5960 10 7640 9850 to 12600

927 to 1 180 1 460 to 1 870 2290to 2930

219 to 283 356 to 454 583 to 743

51.0 to 65.8 82,6 to 108 133 to 172

mm2/s

at

728 to 894 ‘080 to ‘330 ‘640 to 2010

230 to 282 337to 414 488 to 599

69.2 to 85.0 103 to ‘26 155 to 191

31.9 to 39.2 J6,3 to 56,9

mm%

for

! , j

1 j

/ j

1

1

= 50

2420 to 2970 1 3 350 to 4 360 1

I 1

index

temperatures

Vi scgsity

at other

and are approximate.

j1

/

I I j 1

i /

! i

I

viscosity

at

:S65to 1210to

i 040 1150

300 to 360 425 to 509 813 to 734

i08to 129 ‘5’ to 182 21oto 252

Xl to 44.-t 52,4 to 63,O 75.9 to 91,2

!I /

1 1i

I

i 1

j

I

I

I

at 20 “C

11710to 15300 18 450 to 24 500

2880 to 3650 1550to57I30 7390to 9400

761 to 964 ‘180to ‘500 ‘810 to 2300

193to 244 303 to 383 186to 614

76.9 to 98.7 120to 153

mm2!s

I

/

1

’ I

mm+

index at

2350 3450

to 2890 to 4260

I [

j 1

1 I

,

= 95

712 to 874 1050to 1290 ‘590 to 1960

226 to 277 331 to406 478 to 587

68,4 to 83,9 101 to 124 153to 188

45,9 to 56,3

Viscosity

values of viscosity index

19,0 to 22.6 26,l to 31.3

mm%

different

at

950 to 1 150 1350 to i 620

326 to 393 466 to 560 676 to 812

115 to ‘38 163 to 196 228 to 274

38,7 te 46.6 55,3 to 66.6 80,6 to 97,’

27.0 to 32,5

mm2ls

m

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IS0 3448:1992(E)

*--v-v -----_ -.-~-_-_________

---

----Ye--__-I--

---.

I-

----

---___-----

-____._--

--

_--

-.

_

_

_._

_____

_________.

.___

._.-

-__I-----_-_--.-~ -.

_.

I.

_--._--_

_.._.

-_

I

.-.

_

-

_

..-

------

---~

UDC 665765532.133 Descriptors:

petroleum

products,

lubricants,

Price based on 4 pages -----.---.--.--------

viscosity,

l-9rxYnatic

viscosity,

cla::srfic;ltinn

.~-----_-----l_l____-___ _____---.__~_-- -... --_ .._- - __._----_- _--- --___.--._.- _._... -_._ ___. _ _._,__. __ _-_..--_ __ I .-^___--________

_--_______--_