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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 2408 Fourth edition 2017-06
Steel wire ropes — Requirements Câbles en acier — Exigences
Reference number ISO 2408:2017(E)
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise speciied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vii 1
Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2
Normative Normativ e references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3
Terms and deinitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4
Requirements .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.1 Material ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.1.1 Wire ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 4.1.2 Core ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.1.3 Lubricant ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4.2 Rope manufacture ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 4.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.2.2 Wire joints ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3
4.3 4.4
4.5
4.2.3 Lubrication. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.2.4 Preformation and postformati postformation on....................................................................................................................... 3 4.2.5 Construction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 4.2.6 Grade .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.2.7 Wire inish ............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 4.2.8 Direction and type of lay ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Designation and classiication ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Dimensions. ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 4.4.1 Diameter ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 4.4.2 Lay length ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 4.4.3 Rope length ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Breaking force. ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4.5.2 Ropes produced in series ......................................................................................................................................... 6
5
Veriication of requirements and test methods ................................................................................................................... 7 5.1 Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 5.2 Rope manufacture ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 5.3 Test on rope for diameter .............................................................................................................................................................. 7 5.4 Test on rope for breaking force. ................................................................................................................................................ 8 5.4.1 Method 1: Measured breaking force, F m ...................................................................................................... 8 5.4.2 Method 2: Calculated measured (post-spi (post-spin) n) breaking force ..................................................... 8 5.4.3 Method 3: Calculated measured (pre-spin) breaking force ........................................................ 9 5.4.4 Method 4: Measured aggregate breaking force, F e.m e.m ......................................................................... 9
6
Information for use. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 6.1 Certiicate .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2
General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Test results ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Packaging and marking 6.2.1 Packaging ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 6.2.2 Marking ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Annex A (normative) Dimensional and mechanical properties of round wires (before rope making) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Annex B (normative) Sampling and acceptance criteria for type testing of ropes produced in series ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Annex C (normative) Calculation of minimum breaking force for ropes in the tables of Annex D and D and Annex Annex H....................................................................................................................................................................................17
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ISO 2408:2017(E) Annex D (normative) Tables of minimum breaking forces for more common rope classes, sizes and grades .................................................................................................................................................................................................20 Annex E (informative) Tests on wires taken from the rope .......................................................................................................43 Annex F (informative) Comparison between metric and imperial rope sizes .......................................................45 Annex G (informative) Rope grade approximat approximations ions.......................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................47 Annex H (informative) Large diameter wire ropes ............................................................................................................................48 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 50
iii
iv
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
Foreword ISO (the International Organization Organi zation for Standardization Standardizat ion)) is a worldwide federation federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizatio st andardization. n. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/directives directives). ). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identiied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/patents patents). ). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO speciic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/iso/ iso/foreword foreword.html .html.. This document was prepared by Technical Committee Committ ee ISO/TC 105, 105, Steel wire ropes. This fourth cancels main and replaces revised withedition the following changes:the third edition (ISO 2408:2004), which has been technically
—
general gene ral purposes and minimum have been been deleted deleted from the title;
— “oil and gas industr industry y and ishi ishing” ng” has been deleted deleted in the scope; — the deinit deinitions ions of “calculated aggregate minimum breaki breaking ng force of core, F 0” have been increased; — in in Table 1, 1, Rope grade 2160 has been increased to 2 360 MPa; — the sentence “All “All wires of the same nominal nominal diameter in the same wire layer shall be of the same tensile strength grade.” in 4.1.1 4.1.1 has has been deleted; — in in 4.2.2 4.2.2,, the sentence “Twisting for wires up to and including 0,4 mm, and brazing for wires over 0,4 mm,” has been deleted and has been replaced with “the minimum distance between wire joints within one strand shall be 20 × d ”; ”; — “type” “ty pe” has been used to replace “duty “duty”” in 4.2.3 4.2.3,, and the sentence “The purchaser should specify the rope duty or any particular lubrication requirements” has been deleted; — “Zn-Al coated” has been increased in 4.2.7 4.2.7;; — note d) in 4.5.1 4.5.1 has has been deleted; — the “breaking force test testing ing requirements requirements without ISO qualit quality y system” column in Table 4 has 4 has been deleted; — the requirement requirement of of measuring instrument instr ument for diameter measurement measurement in 5.3 5.3 has has been increased;
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
— these sentences in 5.4.1 5.4.1 have have been deleted: “a)) the selected test “a tes t piece shall have its ends secured to ensure that the t he rope does does not unravel; b) the minimum free test length lengt h excluding excluding any rope terminat terminations ions shall be 600 mm or 30 30 × nominal nominal rope diameter, whichever is the greater; c) aft after er 80 % of the minimum breaking force has been applied, the force shall be increased at a rate of not more than 0,5 % of the minimum mi nimum breaking breaki ng force per second”; second”; — the “measured aggregat aggregate e breaking force, F e.m 5.4.4 has has been increased; e.m” in 5.4.4 — in in 6.1.1 6.1.1,, g) maximum wire diameter and h) metallic cross-sectional area have been added; — in in 6.1.2 6.1.2 b) b) mass of coating, coat ing, “(if applicable)” applicable)” has been added; — markings have been detailed in 6.2 6.2;; — the sentence “The value of wire exceeding the grades in the table should should be agreed by the supplier supplier and purchaser” has been added in Annex A; A; — B.2 B.2 has has been added in Annex B; B; — in in Annex C (previously C (previously Annex D), D), the metallic cross-section cross-sec tion ratio, the weight ratio, and the calculating ratio for compacted strand wire rope columns have been added; — in in Annex D (previously D (previously Annex C), 6 × 19 M, 8 × 7, 18 × 19S, 18 × 19W, 36(M) × 7 have been added in rope construction constr uction and tables t ables for 4 × 19 19 class, 4 × 36 class and K4 × 35N class have been added;
v
—
rope grade equivalents has been changed to rope grade approximations approximations in Annex G, G, and a note has been added;
— Annex H has H has been added; — editorial revisions have been made.
vi
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
Introduction This document was developed in response to a worldwide demand for a speciication giving requirements for steel wire ropes. As in previous editions, this document speciies metric sizes and grades of rope for the more common classes of rope; see Annex F. F. A comparison of rope grades is provided in Annex G. G.
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INTERNATIONAL ST STANDARD ANDARD
ISO 2408:20 2408:2017(E) 17(E)
Steel wire ropes — Requirements 1
Scope
This document speciies requirements for the manufacture, testing, acceptance, packing, marking and
issuing of a certiicate of quality of wire ropes. It is applicable to round strand ropes and compacted strand ropes made from wires ropes that are uncoated (bright), zinc-coated or Zn-Al coated. It is not applicable to ropes for — mining purposes, — aircraft contro control, l, — aerial ropeways and funicula funiculars, rs, and — lifts.
2
Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest lat est edition edit ion of the referenced document (including any amendments) amendments) applies. ISO 2232:1990, Round drawn wire for general purpose non-alloy steel wire ropes and for large diameter steel wire ropes — Speciications ISO 3108, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Determination Deter mination of actual breaking load ISO 4345, Steel wire ropes — Fibre main cores — Speciication ISO 4346, Steel wire ropes for f or general purposes — Lubricants — Basic requirements ISO 68926 892-1, 1, Metallic materials — Tensile Tensile testing test ing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature ISO 7800, Metallic materials — Wire — Simple torsion test ISO 17893, Steel wire ropes r opes — Vocabulary, designation designation and classiication
3
Terms and deini deinitions tions
For the purposes of this document, the t he terms and deinitions dei nitions given in ISO I SO 17893 17893 and the following apply. apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// http://www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/obp obp — IEC Elect Electropedia: ropedia: available at http:// http://www www.electropedia .electropedia.org/ .org/ 3.1 calculated aggregate minimum breaking force of core F 0 value of the aggregate minimum breaking force obtained by calculation from the cross-sectional area (based on nominal wire diameter) and tensile strength grade of each wire in the core, as given in the manufacturer’s rope design
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
4 Requirements
1
4.1 Material 4.1.1
Wire
Before rope making, wires shall conform to the diameter, torsion and, where applicable, coating requirements speciied in Annex A. A. NOTE 1
Annex A is A is based on ISO 2232 but with extended wire sizes and wire tensile strength st rength grades.
NOTE 2 For a given wire size and tensile strength grade, the torsional propertie propertiess of the wires in ISO 10425:2003, A.2 meet or exceed the values given in Annex A. A.
For those ropes where a rope grade is applicable, the tensile strength grades of the wires shall be subject to the limits given in Table 1. 1. Table 1 — Tensile strength grades of wires (excluding centre and iller wires) for given rope grades Rope grade Range of wire tensile strength grades N/mm2
1570
1 370 to 1 770
1770 1960
1 570 to 1 960 1 770 to 2 160
2160
1 960 to 2 360
NOTE 3 The minimum breaking force values of those ropes of grades 1570, 1770, 1960 and 2160 2160 as covered by Table D.1 to D.1 to Table D.14 are D.14 are calculated on the basis of rope grade and not individual wire tensile strength grades.
The methods of test shall be in accordance with ISO 2232. 4.1.2
Core
Cores of single-layer stranded ropes shall normally be of steel or ibre, although other types such as composites (e.g. steel plus ibre or steel st eel plus polymer) or or solid polymer may also be supplied. The purchaser should specify any particular core type requirements. Fibre cores for single-layer stranded ropes shall conform to ISO 4345 and rope diameters 8 mm and above shall be doubly closed (i.e. from yarn into strand and from strand into rope). Natural ibre cores shall be treated with an impregnating compound to inhibit rotting and decay. Steel cores shall be either an independent wire rope (IWRC) or a wire strand (WSC). Steel cores of single-layer stranded ropes larger than 12 mm diameter shall be an independent wire rope (IWRC), unless speciied otherwise. 4.1.3
Lubricant
Lubricants shall conform to ISO 4346.
4.2 4.2.1
Rope manufacture General
All the wires in a strand shall have the same direction of lay.
2
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
The core, except for compacted (swaged) ropes, shall be designed (steel) or selected (ibre) so that in a new rope under tension on the closing machine, there is clearance between the outer strands. The completed rope shall be evenly laid and free from loose wires, distorted strands and other irregularities. The new wire rope shall not have a three-dimensional wave. Rope ends thatand have no enditsittings shall, when necessary, be secured so as to maintain the integrity of the wire rope prevent unlaying. 4.2.2
Wire joints
Wires over 0,4 mm in diameter shall, where necessary, have their ends joined by welding. Wires up to and including 0,4 mm diameter shall, where necessary, be joined by brazing, welding or by ends being simply inserted in the strand’s formation. The minimum distance between wire joints within one strand shall be 20 × rope diameter ( d ). ). 4.2.3
Lubrication
The amount of lubrication and type of lubricant shall be appropriate to the rope type and its use. 4.2.4
Preformation and postformation
Ropes shall be preformed and/or postformed unless speciied otherwise by the purchaser. NOTE Large diameter wire rope, some parallel-c parallel-closed losed and rotat rotation-resista ion-resistant nt ropes, can be non-preformed or be only partially preformed.
4.2.5
Construction
The rope construction shall be either one of those covered in Annex D, D, Annex H H or as stated by the manufacturer. If the purchaser only speciies the rope classiication, the manufacturer should state the rope construction clearly. The purchaser should specify the rope construction or classiication. 4.2.6
Grade
The rope grades for the more common classes of ropes shall be as given in Table D.1 to D.1 to Table D.22. D.22. Other rope grades, including those as given in ISO 10425, may be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, providing all of the other requirements are met. NOTE
4.2.7
Not all ropes wil willl necessari necessarily ly have a rope grade.
Wire inish
The inish of the wires shall be uncoated (bright), zinc-coated quality B, zinc coated quality A or ZnAl coated. For ropes of bright wire inish, substitution of bright wires by zinc-coated wires shall be limited to inner wires, centre wires, iller wires and core wires. For ropes ropes of zinc coated wire inish, all a ll of the wires shall be zinc coated, including those of any steel core. Where zinc-coated is speciied, this may also include Zn-Al alloy. © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 2408:2017(E) 4.2.8
Direction and type of lay
The direction and type of rope lay shall be one of the following: a)
right ordinary lay (s (sZ); Z); NOTE 1
Formerly referre referred d to as right hand ordinar ordinar y (designat (designated ed RHO) RHO) and right regul ar lay
(designated RRL).
b)
left ordinary lay (zS); NOTE 2
c)
Formerly referred to as left left hand ordinary (designated (designated LHO) LHO) and left regular lay (d (designate esignated d LRL).
right lang lay (zZ); NOTE 3
Formerly referred to as right hand langs (designated (designated RHL) or right lang lay (designated RLL).
d) left lang lay (sS); NOTE 4
Formerly referred to as left left hand langs (designated (designated LHL) or left lang lay (d (designat esignated ed LLL).
The direction and type of rope lay should be speciied by the purchaser.
4.3
Designation and classiication
Rope designation and classiication shall conform to the system requirements of ISO 17893.
4.4 Dimensions 4.4.1 4.4.1.1
Diameter General
The nominal diameter shall be the dimension by which the rope is designated. 4.4.1.2
Tolerance
When measured in accordance with 5.3 5.3,, the measured diameter shall be within the tolerances given in Table 2. 2.
4
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ISO 2408:2017(E) Table 2 — Tolerances on rope diameter
Rope type
Tolerance as percentage of nominal diameter
Nominal rope diameter d
Ropes with strands that are exclusively of wire or incorporate exclusively
mm
solid polymer centres
2 ≤ d < < 4 4 ≤ d < < 6 Round steel wire rope
< 8 6 ≤ d < 8 ≤ d < < 60 d ≥ ≥ 60
Compacted strand
d ≥ ≥ 10
+8
—
0 +7
+9
0
0
+6
+8
0
0
+5
+7
0
0
+5
0 +5
— —
0
rope a
Ropes with strands that incorporate ibre centres a
For example, 6 × 24 FC-FC.
4.4.1.3
Difference between diameter measurements
The difference between any two of the four measurements taken in accordance with 5.3 5.3 and and expressed as a percentage of the nominal rope diameter shall not exceed the values given in Table 3. 3. Table 3 — Permissible differences between any two diameter measurements Differences as percentage of nominal diameter Rope type
Round steel wire rope
Nominal rope diameter d mm
2 ≤ d < < 4
Ropes with strands that are exclusively of wire or incorporate solid polymer centres 7
4 ≤ d < < 6
6
8
6 ≤ d < < 8
5
7
8 ≤ d < < 60
4
6
d ≥ ≥ 60
4
—
d ≥ ≥ 10
4
—
Compacted strand rope a
4.4.2
Ropes with strands that incorporate ibre centresa
—
For example, 6 × 24 FC-FC.
Lay length
For single-layer ropes of 6 × 7 class, the length of lay of the inished rope shall not exceed 8 × d .
For other single-layer ropes with round strands (except those with three or four strands), parallel closed ropes and rotation-resistant ropes with round strands or shaped strands, the length of lay of the inished ini shed rope shall not exceed 7,5 × d . For single-layer ropes with shaped strands, e.g. triangular strand, the length of lay of the inished rope shall not exceed 10 × d .
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ISO 2408:2017(E) 4.4.3
Rope length
The length of rope supplied, under no load, shall be equivalent to the speciied length subject to the following tolerances: — ≤400 m:
+5
0
%;
— >400 m and ≤1 000 m: — >1 000 m:
4.5
+
2 0
+
20 0
m;
%.
Breaking force
4.5.1
General
The minimum breaking force, F min min , for a given rope diameter and construction shall be either a) b)
as given in Table D.1 to D.1 to Table D.22 or D.22 or Table H.1, H.1, or as state stated d by the manufact manufacturer. urer.
For the determination of minimum breaking breaki ng forces of rope diameters not listed in Table D.1 to D.1 to Table D.22 D.22 or Table H.1, H.1, calculations in accordance with Annex C can C can be used. When tested in accordance with 5.4.1 5.4.1,, the measured breaking force, F m, shall be greater than or equal to the minimum breaking force, F min min . Breaking force testing requirements shall be in accordance with Table 4. 4. NOTE The requirements for for break breaking ing force test testing ing take into account: a) the rope size; b) whether or not ropes are produced in series, i.e. repeatedly produced; c) whether or not the minimum breaking force factor is consistent throughout a range of diameters.
4.5.2
Ropes produced in series
The manufacturer shall be able to provide provide the results from type ty pe testing in accordance with the sampling and acceptance criteria in Annex B. B. Type testing shall be repeated on any rope that has its design changed in any way which results in a modiied (e.g. increased) breaking force. If the same design, apart from wire tensile strength grades, is used for ropes of a lower grade or lower breaking force, or both, than the one which has successfully passed the type testing requirements, it shall not be necessary to repeat the tests on those ropes provided the breaking force is calculated with the same spinning loss.
5
Subsequent production lengths of ropes produced in series shall be deemed to conform to the breaking force requirements when the manufacturer has satisfactorily completed, on a sample from every 20th production length a)
the approp appropriate riate ty type pe test testss (see Annex B), B), and
b)
a periodic breaking force test in accordance with Method 1 (see 5.4.1 5.4.1)) or one of the alternative methods, known as Method 2 (see 5.4.2 5.4.2), ), Method 3 (see 5.4.3 5.4.3)) and Method 4 (see 5.4.4 5.4.4). ).
6
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ISO 2408:2017(E) Table 4 — Breaking force testing requirements Rope diameter
Up to and including 60 mm
Min. breaking force factor
Breaking force testing requirements
Same factor throughout a subgroup of rope diameters
Breaking force test in accord accordance ance with 5.4.1 5.4.1 (Method (Method 1) on a sample from each production length; Or, if produced in series, type testing in accordance with the sampling regime and acceptance criteria of B.1 B.1 plus plus periodic breaking force test in accordance with 5.4.1 5.4.1 (Method (Method 1), 5.4.2 5.4.2 (Method (Method 2), 5.4.3 5.4.3 (Method (Method 3) or 5.4.4 (Method 5.4.4 (Method 4)on a sample from every 20th production length relating to the subgroup of diameters.
Different factor throughout a subgroup of rope diameters
Breaking force test in accord accordance ance with 5.4.1 5.4.1 (Method (Method 1) on a sample from each production length; Or, if produced in series, type testing in accordance with the sampling regime and acceptance criteria of B.2 B.2 plus plus periodic test in accordance with 5.4.1 (Method 5.4.1 (Method 1), 5.4.2 5.4.2 (Method (Method 2), 5.4.3 5.4.3 (Method (Method 3) or 5.4.4 5.4.4(Method (Method 4) on a sample from every 20th production length of a given rope diameter and
Over 60 mm
construction. Break ing force test in accordance with 5.4.1 5.4.1 (Method (Method 1), 5.4.2 5.4.2 (Method (Method 2), 5.4.3 5.4.3 (Method (Method 3) or 5.4.4 5.4.4 (Method (Method 4)on a sample from each production length, or either of the following: a) if produced produced in series, ty type pe test testing ing in accordance with B.2 B.2 plus plus periodic breaking force test in accordance with 5.4.1 5.4.1 (Method (Method 1), 5.4.2 5.4.2 (Method (Method 2), 5.4.3 (Method 5.4.3 (Method 3) or 5.4.4 5.4.4 (Method (Method 4) on a sample from every 20th 20th production length; or b) if produced for for supply as a set of of ropes of of the same design for a speciic installation the alternative breaking force testing and sampling as also given in B.2 B.2..
NOTE Breaking force type testing demonstrates demonstrates that a steel steel wire rope rope produced produced in series and certiied by the manufacturer as conforming to this document possesses the minimum breaking force stated by the manufacturer. The purpose of these tests is to prove the design, material and method of manufacture.
5
Veriication of requirements and test methods
5.1 Materials Conformity with the wire, core and lubricant requirements shall be conirmed through a visual
veriication of the inspection documents supplied with the wire, core and lubricant, respectively.
5.2
Rope manufacture
Conformity with the requirements for wire joints and preformation shall be conirmed through visual veriication.
5.3
Test on rope for diameter
Diameter measurements shall be taken on a straight portion of rope, either under no tension or a tension not exceeding 5 % of the minimum breaking force, at two t wo positions spaced at least 1 m apart. apart . At each position, two measurements, at 90° apart, of the circumscribed circle diameter shall be taken. The measuring equipment shall extend over at least two adjacent strands (see Figure 1). 1). The average of these four measurements shall be the measured in diameter. For wire rope diameter ≤26 mm, the minimum scale value of the measuring instrument shall be 0,02 mm or less. For wire rope diameter from 26 mm to 100 mm, the minimum scale value of the measuring instr in strument ument shall be 0,05 mm or less. For wire rope over 100 100 mm, the minimum mini mum scale value of the measuring instrument shall be 0,1 mm or less.
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
Figure 1 — Method of measuring rope diameter
5.4
Test on rope for breaking force
5.4.1
Method 1: Measured breaking force, F m
Besides following regulations, the testing method and acceptance shall be in accordance with ISO 3108. a)
If the measured breaking force, F m, reaches or exceeds the minimum breaking force, F min min , the test may be terminated without breaking the rope.
b)
If in the irst tensile test, the measured break breaking ing force, F m, does not reach the minimum breaking force, F min min , it can be repeated three additional times. Once a test reaches or exceeds the F min min , the wire rope has met the minimum breaking force.
c)
If the breaking is within the distance 6 times of wire rope diameter from the clamp or the ends, and m less than F min min , the testing shall be determined invalid, the invalid test is not counted as one of F the is four allowed tests.
7
5.4.2
Method 2: Calculated measured (post-spin) breaking force
Add together the measured breaking forces of all the individual wires after they have been removed from the rope and multiply this value by either a)
the spinning loss factor derived from Annex C, C, or
b)
the partial spinning loss factor obtai obtained ned from the results of ty type pe test testing. ing.
The partial spinning loss factor used in the calculation shall be the lowest of the three values obtained from type testing. In the case of triangular strand ropes, the triangular centre of the strand may be considered as an individual individu al wire. The wires shall be tested in accordance with the wire tensile test speciied in ISO 6892-1. NOTE
The result from this test is known as the “calculate “calculated d measured (post-spin) break breaking ing force”.
When this thi s method (i.e. Method 2) is used for the t he periodic test (see Table 4) 4) and the calculated measured (post-spin) breaking force value is less than the intended minimum breaking force value, another test using Method 1 shall be carried out. If the measured (actual) breaking break ing force in this second test fails fai ls to meet the intended minimum breaking force value, the minimum breaking force shall be de-rated to a value not exceeding the measured (actual) breaking force value and type testing shall be repeated using Method 1.
8
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ISO 2408:2017(E) In such cases, the rope grade shall either be de-rated in line with the de-rated minimum breaking force value or deleted from the rope designation. 5.4.3
Method 3: Calculated measured (pre-spin) breaking force
Add together the measured breaking forces of all the individual wires before they are laid into the rope and multiply this value by the total spinning loss factor obtained from the results of type testing. The total spinning loss factor used in the calculation shall be the lowest value of the three values obtained from type testing. The wires shall be tested in accordance with the wire tensile test speciied in ISO 6892-1. NOTE
The result from this test is known as the “calculat “calculated ed measured (pre-spin) breaki breaking ng force”.
When this thi s method (i.e. Method 3) is used for the periodic test (see (see Table 4) 4) and the calculated measured (pre-spin) breaking force value is less than the intended minimum breaking force value, another test using Method 1 shall be carried out. If the measured breaking force in this second test fails to meet the intended minimum breaking force value, the minimum breaking force shall be de-rated to a value not exceeding the measured breaking force value and type testing shall be repeated using Method 1. 5.4.4 5.4.4.1
Method 4: Measured aggregate breaking force, F e.m e.m
The wires from the rope shall be tested in accordance with the wire tensile test speciied in
ISO 6892 1. 5.4.4.2
Add together the breaking forces of all individual wires if all wires tested.
5.4.4.3
If partial wires are tested, the aggregate breaking force of wires is calculated by Formula (1): (1):
F e.m e.m = F 0 + F 1 N 1+ F 2 N 2 + F 3 N 3 +… + F n N n
(1)) (1
where
F 0
is the calculated aggregate minimum breaking force of core;
F 1, F 2, F 3… F n
is the sum of the measured breaking force of wires in the same construction, same diameter strand and the calculated breaking force of wires not tested;
N 1, N 2, N 3… N n are the numbers of the same construction and same diameter strands of wire rope.
The sampling parameters conform to Annex E . E . If testing two strands or more for the same construction and same diameter strands, it should be calculated by average value. In such cases, the rope grade shall either be de-rated in line with the de-rated minimum breaking force value or deleted from the rope designation.
6
Information for use
6.1 Certiicate 6.1.1
General
A certiicate certi icate shall conirm conformity conformity with w ith this docum document. ent. © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
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ISO 2408:2017(E) Unless speciied otherwise by the purchaser, the certiicate shall give at least the following information: a)
certiicate certi icate number;
b)
name and address of the manufact manufacturer; urer;
c)
quantity quantit y and nominal length of of rope (o (optional); ptional);
d) rope desig designat nation ion (see ISO 17893 17893); ); e)
minimum breaking force;
f)
date of issue of the certi certiicate icate and authentication.
g) maximum maxi mum wire diameter; h) metall metallic ic cross-sect cross-sectional ional area; The certiicate number shall enable traceability of the rope. The issuing of a certiicate certiicat e by the manufacturer and whether or not speciic test results result s are given should
9
be the subject of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 6.1.2
Test results
When test results are provided, the certiicate shall additionally give either a) or b) or both, as follows: a)
breaking force test on on rope: stat state e which value, i.e. 1) measured breaking force, or 2) calculate calculated d measured (post-spin (post-spin)) breaking force, or 3) calculate calculated d measured (pre-spin) breaking force;
b)
testss on wires: test 1) number of wires teste tested; d; 2) nominal diameter of wires; 3) measured breaki breaking ng force of wire; 4) tensile streng strength th based on nominal diameter; 5) number of torsions completed (and test length); 6) mass of coating (if applicable applicable). ).
6.2 6.2.1
Packaging and marking Packaging
Ropes shall be supplied on reels or in coils. coil s. The purchaser should specify any particular packaging requirements. 6.2.2
Marking
6.2.2.1 There should be a marker tape incorporated into the centre of the rope, so as to remain recognizable recognizabl e despite soiling, soaking or discolora discoloration tion during use.
10
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ISO 2408:2017(E) 6.2.2.2 Each coil or reel should have a label, which is irmly ixed in place, with the following information:
— construction; — diameter; — length; — gross weight; — net weight; — reel/coil no.;
— manufacturer; — origin; — maximum wire diameter; — metallic cross-sect cross-sectional ional area; or other information agreed ag reed by the t he purchaser and supplier. supplier.
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
Annex A (normative) Dimensional and mechanical properties of round wires (before rope making)
11
A.1 Variations in tensile strength for wire The variations in tensile strengths shall not exceed the nominal values by an amount greater than those given in Table A.1. A.1. The values of nominal tensile strength streng th grade are the t he lower (minimum (minimum)) limits for each tensile strength grade. Table A.1 — Variations in tensile strength Nominal diameter (mm) δ (mm)
Variation in tensile strength above nominal (N/mm2)
0,20 ≤ δ < 0,50
390
0,50 ≤ δ < 1,00 1,00 ≤ δ < 1,50
350 320
1,50 ≤ δ < 2,00
290
2,00 ≤ δ < 3,50
260
3,50 ≤ δ < 7,00
250
The diameter tolerances, minimum number of torsions and minimum masses of coating for wire tensile strength st rength grades 1370, 1370, 1570, 1570, 1770, 1770, 1960 1960 and 2160 shall be in accordance with w ith the t he values given in Table A.2. A.2. For intermediate wire tensile strength grades, the values for the next highest grade shall apply. The value of wire exceeding the grades in the table should be agreed by the supplier and purchaser in Annex A. A.
12
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ISO 2408:2017(E)
A.2 Diameter tolerances, tolerances, minimum number of torsions torsions and minimum masses of
zinc for different tensile strength grades Table A.2 — Diameter tolerances, minimum number of torsions and minimum masses of zinc for tensile strength grades 1370, 1570, 1770, 1960 and 2160 Minimum number of torsions based on test lengt h of 100x Tolerance Tolerance mm
Bright and galvanized or or Zn-Al alloy
Galvanized or Zn-Al alloy
Qu a l i t y B
Qu a l i t y A
Nominal diameter of wire wire mm
Minimum mass of zinc Galvanized or Zn-Al alloy g / m2
Tensile strength grade grade N/mm 2 Bright and galv. or Zn-Al alloy Quality B
Galv. or Zn-Al alloy Quality A
0,20 ≤ δ < 0,25
±0,008
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20
—
0,25 ≤ δ < 0,30
±0,008
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
30
—
0,30 ≤ δ < 0,40
±0,01
±0,025
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
30
—
0,40 ≤ δ < 0,50
±0,01
±0,025
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
40
75
0,50 ≤ δ < 0,55
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
23
—
—
—
—
50
90
0,55 ≤ δ < 0,60
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
23
—
—
—
—
50
90
0,60 ≤ δ < 0,70
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
23
—
—
—
—
60
120
0,70 ≤ δ < 0,75
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
23
—
21
19
17
60
120
0,75 ≤ δ < 0,80
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
23
—
21
19
17
60
120
0,80 ≤ δ < 0,90
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
22
—
21
19
17
60
140
0,90 ≤ δ < 1,00
±0,015
±0,03
34
30
28
25
22
—
21
19
17
70
150
1,00 ≤ δ < 1,10
±0,015
±0,04
34
30
26
23
21
—
20
18
13
80
160
1,10 ≤ δ < 1,20
±0,02
±0,04
33
29
26
23
21
—
20
18
13
80
160
1,20 ≤ δ < 1,40
±0,02
±0,04
33
28
25
22
20
—
18
15
10
90
170
1,40 ≤ δ < 1,60
±0,02
±0,04
33
28
25
22
19
—
18
15
10
100
180
1,60 ≤ δ < 1,70
±0,02
±0,04
33
28
25
22
19
—
18
15
10
100
200
1,70 ≤ δ < 1,80
±0,02
±0,05
33
28
25
22
19
—
18
15
10
100
200
1,80 ≤ δ < 1,90
±0,025
±0,05
32
27
24
21
18
—
17
14
9
110
215
1,90 ≤ δ < 2,10
±0,025
±0,05
32
27
24
21
18
—
17
14
9
110
215
2,10 ≤ δ < 2,20
±0,025
±0,06
32
27
24
21
18
—
17
14
9
110
215
2,20 ≤ δ < 2,30
±0,025
±0,06
31
27
24
21
18
20
17
14
9
125
230
2,30 ≤ δ < 2,40
±0,025
±0,06
30
27
24
21
18
20
17
14
9
125
230
2,40 ≤ δ < 2,50
±0,025
±0,06
29
26
23
20
18
19
15
12
7
125
230
2,50 ≤ δ < 2,60
±0,025
±0,06
29
26
23
20
18
19
15
12
7
125
230
2,60 ≤ δ < 2,70
±0,03
±0,07
29
26
23
20
18
19
15
12
7
125
230
2,70 ≤ δ < 2,80
±0,03
±0,07
29
26
23
20
18
19
15
12
7
125
240
2,80 ≤ δ < 2,90
±0,03
±0,07
28
26
23
20
18
19
15
12
7
135
240
2,90 ≤ δ < 3,00
±0,03
±0,07
28
26
23
20
18
18
15
12
7
135
240
3,00 ≤ δ < 3,10
±0,03
±0,07
27
25
21
18
16
18
12
8
5
135
240
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved
1370
1570
1770
1960
2160
1370
1570
1770
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B
1960
A
13
ISO 2408:2017(E) Table A.2 (continued) Minimum number of torsions based on test lengt h of 100x Tolerance Tolerance mm
Bright and galvanized or or Zn-Al alloy
Galvanized or Zn-Al alloy
Q u a li t y B
Q u a li t y A
Nominal diameter of wire wire mm
Minimum mass of zinc Galvanized or Zn-Al alloy
Tensile strength grade grade N/mm 2
g / m2
Bright and galv. or Zn-Al alloy Quality B
Galv. or Zn-Al alloy Quality A
3,10 ≤ δ < 3,20
±0,03
±0,07
27
25
21
18
16
13
12
8
3,20 ≤ δ < 3,30
±0,03
±0,07
27
25
21
18
16
13
12
3,30 ≤ δ < 3,40
±0,03
±0,07
27
25
21
18
16
13
3,40 ≤ δ < 3,50
±0,03
±0,07
27
25
21
18
16
3,50 ≤ δ < 3,60
±0,03
±0,07
26
24
20
16
3,60 ≤ δ < 3,70
±0,03
±0,07
26
24
20
3,70 ≤ δ < 3,80
±0,03
±0,07
25
23
3,80 ≤ δ < 3,90 3,90 ≤ δ < 4,00
±0,03 ±0,03
±0,07 ±0,07
24 24
4,00 ≤ δ < 4,20
±0,03
±0,08
4,20 ≤ δ < 4,40
±0,03
4,40 ≤ δ < 4,60
1370
1570
1770
1960
2160
B
A
5
135
240
8
5
135
250
12
8
5
135
250
13
12
8
5
135
250
14
11
10
6
5
135
250
16
14
11
10
6
5
135
260
19
16
13
11
8
6
5
135
260
22 22
18 18
14 14
12 12
11 10
7 7
6 6
4 4
135 135
260 260
23
20
17
13
11
9
6
6
4
150
275
±0,08
21
19
15
11
10
8
6
5
4
150
275
±0,03
±0,08
20
18
14
10
10
7
6
5
3
150
275
4,60 ≤ δ < 4,80
±0,03
±0,08
18
16
12
8
9
6
5
4
3
150
275
4,80 ≤ δ < 5,00
±0,03
±0,08
17
14
11
7
9
5
4
3
2
150
275
5,00 ≤ δ < 5,20
±0,03
±0,08
12
14
11
7
8
5
4
3
2
150
300
5,20 ≤ δ < 5,40
±0,03
±0,08
14
12
10
6
—
5
4
3
—
160
300
5,40 ≤ δ < 5,60
±0,04
±0,09
12
10
8
6
—
4
3
2
—
160
300
5,60 ≤ δ < 5,80
±0,04
±0,09
10
8
6
5
—
3
2
2
—
160
300
5,80 ≤ δ
