January 24, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
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ISO 22081
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First edition 2021-02
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Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — General geometrical speciications and general size speciications
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Spéciication géométrique des produits (GPS) — Tolérancement géométrique — Spéciications géométriques générales générales et spéciications de taille générales 5
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Reference number ISO 22081:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
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t . y T e c h s t r e e t L L C , s u b s c r i p t i o n s . t e c h s t r e e t . c o m , d o w n l o a d e d o n 2 0 2 1 0 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise speciied, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright ofice CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonne Blandonnett 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +41 22 749 01 11 Email: copyright@is
[email protected] o.org Website: www www.iso.org .iso.org Published in Switzerland
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© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22081:2021(E)
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Contents
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Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
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Introduction. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
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Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
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Normative Normativ e references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
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Terms and deinitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
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...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Basic principles...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.2 Basic rule. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 4.3 Indication in a technical product documentation (TPD) .................................................................................... 3
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General geometrical speciication ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 5.1 Rule for indicating the general geometrical speciication ................................................................................. 3 5.2 Rule for the applicability of the general geometrical speciication ........................................................... 4 5.3 Rules for the datum system. ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
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General size speciications. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7 6.1 Rule for indicating general size speciications ............................................................................................................ 7 6.2 Rule for the applicability of general size speciications ...................................................................................... 7
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Annex A (informative) Example of indication with reference to a table in the TPD ........................................... 9
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Annex B (informative) Examples ........................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Annex C (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................13
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Foreword i s
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ISO (the International Organization Organiz ation for Standardization Standardizat ion)) is a worldwide federation of national standards sta ndards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical electrotechni cal standardization.
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/directives directives). ). s
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identiied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or www.iso .iso.org/ .org/patents). on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www o
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. 2
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For an explanation of conformity the voluntary nature ofasstandards, the meaning of ISO terms expressions related to assessment, well as information about ISO'sspeciic adherence to and the World Wor ld Trade Trade Organization Organizat ion (WTO) principles in the t he Technical Technical Barriers to t o Trade Trade (TBT), (TBT ), see www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/ iso/foreword iso/ foreword.html .html.. 5
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This document docu ment was prepared by Technical Committee Commit tee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product speciications and veriication, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 290, Dimensional and geometrical product speciication and veriication, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). i
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This irst edition cancels and replaces ISO 2768-2:1989, which has been technically revised. T
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The main changes to ISO 2768-2:1989 are as follows: n t o U
— tools have been added added to specify a general geometrical speciication speci ication and a general general size speci speciication; ication; — the rules for application of general general geometrica geometricall speciication speciicat ion and general general size speci speciication ication have been clariied. Any feedback or questions on this document docu ment should should be directed direct ed to the user’s national standards st andards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/members members.html .html..
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ISO 22081:2021(E)
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Introduction i s
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This document is a geometrical product speciication (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO 14638). It inluences chain links A, B and C of the chain of standards on size, distance, form, orientation and location.
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The ISO/GPS matrix model given in ISO 14638 gives an overview of the ISO/GPS system of which this
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document a part. rules The fundamental rules of ISO/GPS given in ISO 8015made applyintoaccordance this document the defaultis decision given in ISO 14253-1 apply to the speciications with and this document, unless otherwise indicated. L
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For more detailed information of the relation of this document to other standards and the GPS matrix model, see Annex C . p
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This document deals with general geometrical speciication and general size speciications, which can be used to reduce the number number of individual speciication speciic ation indications in technical technica l product documentat documentation ion (TPD). Many geometrical features have individual speciications which are similar or identical. As an alternative, general geometrical speciications, general size speciications or both may be applied. o
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All igures in this document for the 2D drawing indications have been drawn in irst-angle projection with dimensions and tolerances in millimetres. It should be understood that third-angle projection and other units of measurement could have been used equally well without prejudice to the principles established. 2
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The igures in this document represent either 2D drawing views or 3D axonometric views and are intended to illustrate how a speciication can be fully indicated with visible annotation. For possibilities of illustrating a speciication where elements of the speciication may be available through a query function or other interrogation of information on the 3D CAD model, and rules for attaching speciications to 3D CAD models, see ISO 16792. b
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All igures are not complete and should not be seen as a way to fully specify a part. Theoretically exact dimensions (TED) which are not indicated are assumed to be obtained from the 3D CAD model. s
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INTERNATIONAL ST STANDARD ANDARD
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ISO 22081:2 22081:2021(E) 021(E)
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Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing toleran cing — General geometrical speciications and general size speciications
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Scope e t L L C ,
This document gives rules for deinition and interpretation of general geometrical speciications and general size speciic spec iications ations deined according accordi ng to ISO 8015:201 8015:2011, 1, 5.12. p
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General speciications deined in other standards, and the link to these standards, are not covered by this document. s
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The general geometrical speciications and general size (linear or angular) speciications deined in this document apply only to integral features (including features of size). d
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These speciicat speci ications ions do not apply to derived features or integral i ntegral lines l ines (see ISO 17 17450450-1 1 for the deinitions dei nitions of integral features and derived features). o
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Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes (see ISO 14405-2) are not covered by this document. 2 0 2 10 4 1
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Normative references 1 8 : 5 8 : 5
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the t he latest edition edi tion of the referenced document (including any amendmen a mendments) ts) applies. U
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speci ications (GPS) — Fundamentals Fundamentals — Concepts, principles and rules ISO 8015, Geometrical product speciications e r s i t y
speci ications (GPS) (GPS) — General concepts — Part 1: Model for geometrical geometr ical ISO 17 17450-1, 450-1, Geometrical product speciications speciication and veriication n
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ISO 17450-2, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 2: Basic tenets, speciications, operators, uncertainties and ambiguities ISO 22432, Geometrical product speciications speci ications (GPS) — Features utilized in speciication and veriication ISO 25378, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Characteristics and conditions — Deinitions
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Terms and deini deinitions tions
For the purposes of this th is document, the terms t erms and deinit deinitions ions given in ISO 8015, ISO 1745017450-1, 1, ISO 1745017450-2, 2, ISO 22432 and ISO 25378 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: https://www www.iso .iso.org/ .org/obp obp — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://
— IEC Elect Electropedia: ropedia: available at http:// http://www www.electropedia.org/ .org/ 3.1 general geometrical speciication geometrical speciication indicated in the technical product documentation (TPD) which is not an individual speciication
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3.2 general size speciication speci ication size speciication (linear size speciication or angular size speciication) indicated in the technical product documentation (TPD) which is not an individual speciication d
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Note 1 to entry: Linear size speciications are deined in ISO 14405-1. 14405-1. Angular size speciications are deined in ISO 14405-3.
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3.3 integral feature geometrical feature belonging to the real surface of the workpiece or to a surface model L
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Note 1 to entry: An integral feature is intrinsically deined, e.g. skin ski n of the workpiece. workpiece. s
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Note 2 to entry: For the statement of speciications, features obtained from partition of the surface model or of real surface of workpiece shall be deined. These T hese features, called “ integral features”, are models of the different physical parts of the workpiece that have speciic functions, especially those in contact with the adjacent workpieces. e
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Note 3 to entry: An integral feature can be identiied, for example, by: c o m ,
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a collection of other integra integrall featu features. res. 0 2 10 4 -
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4.1 General U n i v r
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When using general geometrical speciications or general size speciications, the designer should be aware of the following risks: T
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— overloo overlooking king important funct functional ional requirements; o n t o
— selecting unnecessarily tight tolerances regarding the func functional tional requirement. It is the responsibility of the designer to ensure that: — func functional tional requirements are properly deined; — the geometrical features in inluencing luencing the funct functions ions are properly speci speciied; ied; — the entire entire part, i.e. all geometrica geometricall feature features, s, is completely and unambiguously speci speciied. ied. General geometrical speciication and general size speciication are ways of minimising the number of indications in a TPD.
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Basic rule
This document deines two types of general speciications: — general geometrical speci speciications; ications; — general size speci speciications. ications. Rule A: only the speciications deined in Tables 1 and 1 and 2 shall be used to deine general geometrical speciications, general size speciications or both on integral features.
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Indication in a technical product documentation (TPD) d
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Rule B: to apply general geometrical speciications, general size speciications or both according to this document, it shall be clearly indicated in or near the title block or in the product deinition data set according to the following rules:
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— wording ‘General tolerances’ tolerances’ followed by a reference to this document (i.e. ISO 22081), 22081), followed by the indication of the general geometrical speciications, the indication of the general size
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1). speciications or both (see Figure 1). h s t r e e t L L C , s u b s c r i p t i o n s . t e c h s t r e e t . c o m , d o w n l o a d e d o n 2 0 2 10 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 :
Figure 1 — Indication of general geometrical speciications and general size speciications 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b
The tolerance values can be deined as: y U n i v
— single values; or e r s i t y
— variable values. o f T o r o
Variable values may be dependent on either or both of: n t o U s e
— the dimensions of these integra integrall featur features; es; r .
— the distance of the integral feature to the datum system (the (the TEDs). TEDs). When variable tolerance values are used, unambiguous rules should be deined to obtain these values from a table t able (see (see Annex A) or from other documents (see Figure 2). 2).
Figure 2 — Example of indications with the tolerance values tabled in a referenced document
5 5.1
General geometrical speciication Rule for indicating the general geometrical speciication
Rule C: the general geometrical speciication (see 3.1 3.1)) shall be indicated with a surface proile speciication (see Table 1 and 1 and Figure 3). © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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Table 1 — General geometrical speciication d
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E xample of spec i ic at ion indic at ions in or near t he t it le block
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General geometrical speciication s
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NOTE See 5.3 5.3 for for datum systems.
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Apart from the characteristic (which can only be surface proile), any speciication element from
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ISO 5459 and 5459 ISO 11 01document. may be used in general geometrical speci s peciication ication as long as they t hey do not contradict the rules given in1101 this e
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Rule for the applicability of the general general geometrical speciication u
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Rule D: the general geometrical speciication shall apply to each integral feature independently on the product, with the following exceptions (see Figure 3):
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an integral featur feature e speci speciied ied by a size speciication speciicat ion (individual size speci speciication ication or or general size speciication); .
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2) an integra integrall featur feature e or its derived derived feature speci speciied ied by an individual geometric geometrical al speciication; speciicat ion; o
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3) a datum featur feature e used in the datum system deined in the datum section of of the general geometrical speciication (see 5.3 5.3); ); n
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4) an integral feature indicated with simpli simpliied ied representation and not included in the CAD model, for example edges, illets or screw threads. 5
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NOTE 1 General geometrical speciication speciication applies applies to integral features features irrespective of of a surface texture speciication. +
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NOTE 2 The general geometrica geometricall speci speciications ications are in accordance with the independency principle and the feature principle. n
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NOTE 3 When individual speciications speciicat ions are applied applied on one or more portions of of a single integral feature, any other portion is considered as another integral feature.
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t . y T ec h s t r e e t L L C , s u b s c r i p t i o n s . t e c h s t r e e t . c o m , d o w n l o a d e d o n 2 0 2 10 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
a) Indication in the TPD
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ISO 22081:2021(E)
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t . y T ec h s t r e e t L L C , s u b s c r i p t i o n s . t e c h s t r e e t . c o m , d w
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b) Integral features with general geometrical geometrical speci ication a
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NOTE 1 rule D.
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The general geometrica geometricall speci ication applies to the integra integrall featur features es with shading in b), according to n
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NOTE 2
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The general geometrica geometricall speci speciication ication does not apply to: 4 1 5
—
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the two planes planes at 120° because they are speciied speciie d by a general size speciic ation (rule (rule D1); D1); 8
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the two parallel planes with 10 mm distance because they they are speciied by an individual size speciication (rule D1); b
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the two parallel planes planes with 10 10 mm distance because because the derived derived feature is speciied by an individual geometrical speciication (rule D2); s
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datum feature A because because the integral feature is speciied speciied by an individual individual geometrical geometrical speciication (rule D2) D2);;
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datum feature A because because datum A is used in the datum section of of the general general geometrical geometrical speciication (rule D3);
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datum feature B because because the integral integral feature is speciied by by an individual individual geometrical geometrical speciication (rule D2) D2);;
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datum feature B because because datum B is used in the datum datum section of of the general general geometrical geometrical speciication (rule D3);
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datum feature C because because the integral feature is speciied by an individual geometrical geometrical speciication speciication (rule (rule D2); D2);
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datum feature C because datum C is used in the datum section of of the general general geometrical geometrical speciication (rule D3);
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the two planes planes opposed opposed to datum feature feature C because the integral integral features are speciied by an individual individual geometrical speciication (rule D2);
—
the two planes planes opposed opposed to datum feature A because because the integral features are speciied speciied by an individual individual geometrical speciication (rule D2).
NOTE 3
See additional examples in Annex B.
Figure 3 — Example of application of general geometrical speciication
5.3
Rules for the datum system
Rule E: in order to specify a general geometrical speciication, a datum system shall be established. 6
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Rule F: the datum system indicated in a general geometrical speciication shall lock all degrees of freedom necessary to locate the tolerance zones deined by the general geometrical speciication. d
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NOTE 1 This datum system does not necessari necessarily ly consist of of three datums and does not necessar necessarily ily lock all six degrees of freedom.
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Each of the datum features identiied in the datum section of the general geometrical speciication should have individual speciications, as they are not covered by the general geometrical speciication.
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NOTE 2 The general geometrica geometricall speci ication applies to any additional datum featu features res according to the rules stated in this document. L
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General size speciications b s c r i p t i
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Rule for indicating general size speciications n s . t e c s
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Rule G: the general size speciications (see 3.2 3.2)) shall be indicated with a linear size, an angular size or both (see Table 2 and 2 and Figure 4). m
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Table 2 — General size speciications w n l o a
Ty pe
General size speciication
d e
Speci ic at ion indic at ions in or near t he t it le block
Linear sizes: +t 5/− /−t t 6 or ± t 5 or
d o n
JS n/jsna,b 2 0 2 1-
Angular sizes : +t 7°/−t 8° or ± t 7°
a
n represents the tolerance grade according to ISO 286-1 and ISO 286-2 (e.g. JS13/js13).
b
“JS/js” is only an example; any fundament al deviat deviation ion deined in ISO 286 can be used.
0 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0
0
Any speciicat speci ication ion element element from ISO 14405-1 14405-1 and ISO 14405-3 14405-3 may be used in i n general size speciic spec iications ations as long as they do not contradict the rules given in this document. U
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Rule for the applicability of general size speciications s i t y
Rule H: general size speciications shall apply to each feature of size which is identiied in the TPD by one of the following methods:
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1) By a size indication deining the nominal nominal value of the linear or angula angularr size (see Figure 4) which: e r .
— has no individual tolerance; — is not a TED; and — is not an auxili auxiliary ary dimension. 2) By a CAD attribute attr ibute which deines deines the nominal value of of the feature of size. NOTE 1
General size speciications speciications appl apply y to features of of size irrespective of of a surface texture speciication.
NOTE 2
General size speciications speciications appl apply y to features of of size irrespective of of a geometrical speciication.
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a) Indication in the TPD 2 0 2 10 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
b) Features of size with general size speciications NOTE 1
General size speci ications apply apply to the features of size with shading shading in b), according to rule H.
NOTE 2
According to rule H, the general size speci speciications ications do not apply to:
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the two paral parallel lel planes with the dimension 25 25 mm because 25 is a TED;
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the two paral parallel lel planes with the dimension 50 mm because 50 is an auxi auxiliar liary y dimension.
Figure 4 — Example of application of general size speciications
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Annex A (informative) i s
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Figure A.1 shows an example of general size speciication where tolerance values are deined with a reference to a table in the TPD. ,
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a) Indication r e e t . c o m , d o w n l o a d e d
b) Table o n 2 0 2 1-
Figure A.1 — Example of indication with reference to a table in the TPD 0 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
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Examples r m
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B.1 Example with integral integral features features on which the the location is not speciied
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Figure B.1 shows B.1 shows an example with integral features on which the location is not speciied. r
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NOTE —
10
This speci speciication ication is incomplete.
The general geometrica geometricall speciication speciicat ion does not not apply apply to the two planes at 120°, 120°, because they are speciied by a general size speciication (rule D1). For this reason, the location of the two planes is not deined.
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The general geometrica geometricall speciication speciicat ion does not apply to the two parallel planes planes with 10 10 mm dist distance ance because they are speciied by an individual size speciication (rule D1). For this reason, the location of the two planes is not deined. d
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The general geometrica geometricall speciicat ion does not not apply apply to the two planes opposed to datum feature A because the integral features are speciied by an individual geometrical geometrical speciication speci ication (Rule D2). D2). The location of the two planes is not deined because only a parallelism tolerance is speciied.
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Figure B.1 — Example with integral features on which the location is not speciied h s t r e e t L L C ,
B.2 Example with two datums datums in the datum system system of the general geometrical speciication s u b s c r i p t i n
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Figure B.2 B.2 shows an example with two datums in the datum system of the general geometrical speciication. t
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The datum system A-B|C locks all the necessary degrees of freedom, according to rule F. t . c o m , d o w n l o a d e d o n 2 0 2 1 0 4 1 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
Figure B.2 — Example E xample with two datums in the datum system of the general geometrical speciication
B.3 Example where where the the indication of the general size speciication is missing The speciication in Figure B.3 B.3 is incomplete: the two dimensions 10 have no tolerance because the general size speciication is not indicated in the TPD.
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Figure B.3 — Example where the indication of the general size speciication is missing 1
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0 5 1 8 : 5 8 : 2 5 + 0 0 0 0 b y U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
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Relation to the GPS matrix model r m
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C.1 General L L C , s u
For full details about the GPS matrix model, see ISO 14638. b s c r i p t i o n s
C.2 Information about this document and its use . t e c h s t
This document deals with general tolerancing as a way to simplify TPD. r e e t . c o m , d
C.3 Position in the GPS matrix model o w n l o a e
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This document is a general general GPS standard that in luences chain links A, B and C of of the chains of standards in the general GPS matrix, as graphically illustrated in Table C.1. 2
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Table C.1 — Position in the GPS matrix model 1 5 1 8 : 5
Chain links 8 : 2 5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Symbols and indications
Feature requirements
Feature properties
Conformance and non- conformance
Meas Me asur urem emen entt
Measur Meas urem emen entt equipment
Calibration
Size
•
•
•
Dist ance
•
•
•
Form
•
•
•
Or ient ation
•
•
•
L ocat ion
•
•
•
+ 0 0
U n i v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o U s e r .
Ru n-out
Proile surface texture Areal surface texture
Surface imperfections
C.4 Related International Standards The related International Standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in Table C.1.
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Bibliography i s
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[1]] [1
y o
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes — Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and its
p e
f r m
T t
r
i
o t
o e
n d
[2]
ISO 286-2, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — ISO code system for tolerances on linear sizes — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and shafts
b
o
t .
r
t
s
h
c
e
T
y
[3]
e
e
ISO 11 1101, 01, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out u
s
,
C
L
L
t
b
[4]
c
s
ISO 1660, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Proile tolerancing s
n
o
i
t
p
i
r
.
[5]
e
t
ISO 5459, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum systems t
e
e
r
t
s
h
c
.
[6]
o
c
ISO 1425314253-1, 1, Geometrical product speciications speci ications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces and measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for verifying conformity or nonconformity with speciications e
d
a
o
l
n
w
o
d
,
m
d
[7]
o
ISO 14405-1 14405-1,, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Dimensional tolerancing — Part 1: 0
2
n 2
[8]
-
1
Linear sizes ISO 14405-2, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Dimensional tolerancing — Part 2: Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes 2
:
8
5
:
8
1
5
1
-
4
0
[9] [10] [1 0]
5
ISO 14405-3, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Dimensional tolerancing — Part 3: Angular sizes U
y
b
0
0
0
0
+
ISO 14638, Geometrical product speciications (GPS) — Matrix model n i v e r
[11]] [11
i
s
pract ices ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product deinition data practices f
o
y
t
[12]
14
JEI TA ET-51 JEITA ET-5102 02 Ver 1, Standard of 3D annotated models - Datum systems, sys tems, JEITA general geometrical tolerancing, simpliied shape representation, (2016), Standardization Subcommittee of the 3D CAD Information Standardization Technical Committee (ISTEC) of the Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association (JEITA)
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ICS 17.040.40 Price based on 14 pages © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
