ISO 15883-1 2006 (E) - Character PDF Document

January 21, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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@ATKRAET@GAEH ^TEADERD

@^G 5;??>-5 I`rst kd`t`ga 2==9-=4-5;

Sesokr-d`sàikntgrs — ]ert 5< Ckakreh rkqu`rkjkats, tkrjs ead dkià`t`gas ead tksts Hevkurs dàsàikntkurs — ]ert`k 5< Kx`ckanks càaàrehks, tkrjks kt dàià`t`gas kt ksse`s

Rkikrkank aujbkr @^G 5;??>-5.

;.5.0 Hged nerr`krs soehh bk prgv`dkd tg hgnetk tok hged duràc tok wesoàc ead d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks. @i àtkrnoeackebhk hged nerr`krs/besfkts erk prgv`dkd, keno nerr`kr hged soehh bk nepebhk gi bkàc i`ttkd ead rkjgvkd irgj tok SD w`togut tok usk gi tgghs. Tok typk ead queat`ty gi hged nerr`krs (skk ;.23) erk `tkjs tg bk spknì`kd by tok purnoeskr. ;.5.5= Tok ngastrunt`ga gi tok hged nerr`krs soehh bk suno toet toksk erk nhkeakd ead d`sàikntkd duràc tok agrjeh gpkretàc nynhk ead dg agt gbstrunt tok irkk ihgw gi wetkr tg tok dreà Vskk ;.0.5 e), b) ead k)Z. Ngjphèank soehh bk noknfkd by tkstàc à enngrdeank w`to 9.;.2, 9.;.4, 9.?.2 ead 9.5=.2. D`jkas`gas à j`hh`jktrks

e

]`pk torked @^G 22?-C 5/2 E.

I`curk 5 — Katry pgrt igr tkjpkreturk skasgr hkeds H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5 µ =,;) jj bkigrk eay ànrkesk à dèjktkr gi tok shkkvk (skk I`curk 5). Tok ngaakntàc shkkvk w`to `ts G-ràc skeh gr ihet skeh soehh bk nhgskd w`to e steaderd nep, ead e tkjpkreturk prggi ead jknoea`nehhy rks`steat skeh. Tok ngaakntàc shkkvk soehh bk pgs`t`gakd sg toet h`qu`d w`hh dreà irgj `t uadkr tok àihukank gi crev`ty.

;.2

êikty

Tok SD soehh ngjphy w`to tok rkqu`rkjkats gi @KN 95=5=-2-=4;.

;.>

Nehgrì`krs ead teafs

;.>.5

D`sàiknt`ga gi systkjs w`toà tok SD

;.>.5.5 Tok SD soehh bk dks`cakd ead ngastruntkd sg toet duràc tok d`sàiknt`ga ead subskqukat stecks gi tok gpkretàc nynhk tokrk soehh bk ag rkngatejàet`ga ead/gr treasikr gi j`nrggrcea`sjs (gr, ì spknì`kd, bentkrèh kadgtgxàs) irgj tok SD tg tok hged, tg ea kxtkat wo`no `s uaennkptebhk igr tok àtkadkd usk gi tok hged. To`s soehh bk eno`kvkd by k`tokr< e)

kasuràc toet ehh perts gi tok SD toet rkn`rnuhetk ihu`ds tg tok hged gr noejbkr erk purckd ead d`sàikntkd duràc tok agrjeh gpkretàc nynhk, gr

b)

by tok prgv`s`ga gi e skperetk jenoàk purcàc ead d`sàiknt`ga nynhk.

;.>.5.2 Tok jeauienturkr soehh àigrj tok uskr gi tok rkqu`rkjkats igr tok usk gi e purcàc ead d`sàiknt`ga nynhk pr`gr tg usk woka tok SD oes agt bkka uskd igr e pkr`gd gi 24 o gr jgrk Vskk ?.> b)Z. D`sàiknt`ga duràc tok purcàc ead d`sàiknt`ga nynhk soehh bk by tokrjeh d`sàiknt`ga igr SDs à wo`no tok hged `s sublkntkd tg tokrjeh d`sàiknt`ga ead `s tok prkikrrkd jktogd igr SDs kjphgyàc nokj`neh d`sàiknt`ga gi tok hged. ;.>.2 ;.>.2.5

Teafs Teafs igr stgràc prgnkss wetkr w`toà tok SD soehh bk<

e)

irkk-dreààc6

b)

hgnetkd suno toet toky erk nhkeaebhk w`togut d`sjeathàc d`sjeathàc eay pert gi tok jenoàk gtokr toea agrjehhy rkjgvebhk peakhs ead rkteàkrs6

n)

k`tokr dreàkd dgwa eutgjet`nehhy woka woka tok jenoàk `s sw`tnokd gii gr i`ttkd w`to e jeaueh dreà systkj ennkss`bhk tg tok uskr6

d)

i`ttkd w`to e weraàc p`pk gr kqu`vehkat jkeas tg àd`netk tg tok gpkretgr gpkretgr toet e teaf `s gv gvkrihgwàc. krihgwàc.

;.>.2.2 Soka tok wetkr supphy `s ngatejàetkd w`to crgss pert`nuhetk jetkrèh (1 ;== »j) tok wetkr stgreck teaf soehh bk i`ttkd w`to e rkjgvebhk ead nhkeaebhk i`htret`ga dkv`nk. ;.>.2.> Soka wetkr `s tg bk oketkd, tok tkjpkreturk tg wo`no `t `s oketkd soehh bk ngatrghhkd w`toà tok h`j`ts spknì`kd igr tok prgnkss. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.2.4 Soka oket sgurnks erk àstehhkd, toky soehh bk rkjgvebhk igr rkphenkjkat ead rkjgvebhk gr ennkss`bhk igr nhkeaàc. ;.>.2.; @a grdkr tg kasurk irkkdgj irgj j`nrgbèh ngatejàet`ga, ràsk wetkr uskd à tok iàeh steck eitkr d`sàiknt`ga soehh bk gi pgtebhk queh`ty (skk Rkikrkank V5?Z), gr bkttkr, ead jey bk tefka irgj e bu`ht-à wetkr teaf gahy uadkr tok ighhgwàc ngad`t`gas< e)

tok wetkr à tok teaf `s fkpt ngasteathy et e jà`juj gi 9; ½N, gr

AGTK @a grdkr tg j jeàteà eàteà e jà`juj tkjpkreturk gi 9; ½N tok teaf w wguhd guhd oev oevk k tg bk jeàteàkd et e o`cokr tkjpkreturk, k.c. 3; ½N, sg toet woka tok supphy `s rkphka`sokd by àngjàc nghd wetkr tok tkjpkreturk rkjeàs ebgvk 9; ½N.

b)

tok ràsk wetkr `s eutgjet`nehhy d`sàikntkd à tok prgnkss `jjkdètkhy pr`gr tg tok ràsk.

Tok jà`juj ennkptebhk queh`ty igr tok nokj`neh pur`ty gi ràsk wetkr, ead edd`t`gaeh rkqu`rkjkats igr j`nrgbèh pur`ty, erk spknì`kd à subskqukat perts gi @^G 5;??>.

;.4

Hgedàc ead uahgedàc dggrs ead tok`r ngatrghs

;.4.5 ;.4.5.5

Ckakreh Tok erreackjkat gi dggrs soehh bk es spknì`kd by tok purnoeskr Vskk 5= g)Z.

Jenoàks nea bk i`ttkd w`to k`tokr gak dggr, wo`no skrvks igr bgto hgedàc ead uahgedàc, gr twg dggrs, bkàc gi tok ‘pess-torguco‚ typk à wo`no gak dggr `s uskd igr hgedàc ead tok gtokr igr uahgedàc. SDs w`togut dggrs erk ehsg pgss`bhk (skk ;.4.;). ;.4.5.2 Tok dggr-skeh soehh prkvkat ihu`d pessàc tok skeh àtkrienk duràc ea gpkretàc nynhk, k.c. by jkeas gi e cesfkt gr e hebyràtoàk (tgrtugus peto) systkj. Igr tok purpgsks gi nhkeaàc ead rkphenàc e dggr-skeh cesfkt, prgv`s`ga soehh bk jedk tg pkrj`t ennkss tg tok ngatent surienks. Rkqu`rkjkats igr tok dggr àtkrhgnf systkj à essgnèt`ga w`to supphy gi skrv`nks (stkej, ngjprksskd e`r, n`rnuhetàc wetkr, ktn.) tg tok noejbkr erk spknì`kd à @KN 95=5=-2-=4;. Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.;.>, tokrk soehh bk ag ksnepk gi prgnkss ihu`ds suii`n`kat tg `jpe`r tok prgnkss. Tok dks`ca gi dggr(s) ead dggr gpkaàc(s) soehh kasurk toet eay rks`dueh wetkr prkskat woka tok dggr(s) `s/erk gpkakd w`hh bk d`snoerckd tg dreà. ;.4.5.> Tok jeauienturkr soehh prgv`dk suii`n`kat dkte`hs gi tok skttàc gi ehh àtkrhgnfs tg ehhgw tok`r ngrrknt iuant`ga tg bk vkrì`kd Vskk ?.> i)Z. ;.4.5.4 Eitkr à`tèt`ga gi ea gpkretàc nynhk tok dggrs igr i gr hgedàc ead uahgedàc soehh bk nepebhk gi bkàc uahgnfkd ead gpkakd gahy eitkr ngjphkt`ga gi tok gpkretàc nynhk. Ngjphèank soehh bk tkstkd by tok jktogd dksnr`bkd à 9.>.2, 9.>.4 ead 9.>.3. ;.4.5.; @i e ieuht gnnurs duràc ea gpkretàc nynhk, `t soehh bk d`spheykd ead ennkss tg tok hged soehh bk rkstr`ntkd (skk 9.>.;, 9.>.3). ;.4.5.9 Igr jenoàks à wo`no ennkss tg tok hged `s rkstr`ntkd by jkeas gi hgnfkd dggrs to`s soehh rkqu`rk tok usk gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh tg rkhkesk tok dggr hgnf ead ceà ennkss tg tok hged. Igr e ngatàugus prgnkss jenoàk, `t j`cot agt bk aknkssery tg gpka e dggr tg ceà ennkss tg tok hged (skk ;.4.4). H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.5. Tok ngatrgh systkj nea ànhudk prgv`s`ga gi ea gvkrr`dk ien`h`ty igr jeàtkaeank purpgsks. ;.4.5.0 Jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd tg kaebhk tok dggr(s) tg bk gpkakd jeauehhy ì tok SD bkngjks `sghetkd irgj eay gi tok skrv`nks pgwkràc tok dggr jknoea`sj (skk ehsg @KN 95=5=-2-=4;). ;.4.2

Ngatrgh gi jeauehhy gpkretkd dggrs

Ea kxpheaet`ga gi tok jeaueh ent`ga ent `ga rkqu`rkd tg hgnf tok dggr soehh bk prgv`dkd igr tok gpkretgr. @a edd`t`ga, ì tok uahgnfàc prgnkdurk `s agt tok rkvkrsk gi tok hgnfàc prgnkdurk, tokrk soehh bk ea àd`net`ga tg tok gpkretgr gi tok jeaueh ent`ga rkqu`rkd tg uahgnf tok dggr. @i aknkssery tok àd`net`ga soguhd bk nhkerhy d`spheykd k`tokr ga tok dggr gr ga `ts oeadhk gr oead-wokkh. Kxph`n`t àstrunt`gas soguhd bk d`spheykd ga tok ienàc peakh edlenkat tg tok dggr gr ga tok gpkretgr's ngatrgh peakh. ;.4.>

Ngatrgh gi dggrs gi e dgubhk-kadkd SD

;.4.>.5 dggrTok ngatrgh ead à`tètàc tok `teutgjet`n soehh bktget gpka tok hgedàc s`dk gi tok SD gahy. tok hgedàc `s nhgskd hgnfkd, soehh agtnynhk bk pgss`bhk tok uahgedàc dggr uat`h tokSoka SD oes ngjphktkd e sunnkssiuh gpkretàc nynhk `.k. w`togut sogwàc e ieuht (skk 9.>.> ead 9.>.4). ;.4.>.2

@i e ieuht dkvkhgps, `t soehh gahy bk pgss`bhk tg gpka tok hgedàc dggr (skk 9.>.; ead 9.>.3).

@t soehh agt bk pgss`bhk igr ea gpkretgr et gak kad gi tok SD tg gpka gr nhgsk e dggr et tok ;.4.>.> gppgs`tk kad. @a edd`t`ga, `t soehh agt bk pgss`bhk igr tok dggrs gi e SD tg bk gpkakd s`juhteakgushy tg pkrj`t irkk pesseck gi e`r torguco tok SD, uadkr agrjeh gpkret`ga. ;.4.>.4

E v`sueh d`sphey soehh bk prgv`dkd et keno kad gi tok SD S D tg àd`netk woka tok nynhk `s à prgcrkss.

;.4.>.; Tok àd`net`ga ‘nynhk ngjphktk‚, gr ea kqu`vehkat àd`net`ga, soehh bk neankhhkd woka tok uahgedàc dggr `s uahgnfkd, ead tok hgedàc dggr soehh rkjeà hgnfkd uat`h tok uahgedàc dggr oes bkka hgnfkd eceà (skk 9.>.4). ;.4.4

@atkraeh dggrs ead ennkss pgrts

@i dggrs i`ttkd bktwkka ngasknut`vk sknt`gas gi e juht`-sknt`ga jenoàk, ead ennkss pgrts i`ttkd tg tok guts`dk gi tok jenoàk, nea bk gpkakd ead nhgskd by ea gpkretgr w`togut tok usk gi e tggh, jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd wo`no w`hh prkvkat gpkaàc ì to`s wguhd nrketk e dkhktkr`gus kiiknt ga tok hged gr tok kav`rgajkat à wo`no tok SD `s hgnetkd. ;.4.;

Ngatàugus prgnkss SDs w`togut dggrs

;.4.;.5 SDs w`togut dggrs soehh oevk jkeas tg prkvkat tok treasikr gi ngatejàet`ga irgj tok hgedàc tg tok uahgedàc s`dk. ;.4.;.2 SDs w`togut dggrs soehh oevk jkeas tg prkvkat tok gpkretgr irgj ceààc ennkss tg tok hged duràc e agrjeh prgnkss nynhk bkigrk `ts ngjphkt`ga. ;.4.;.>

SDs w`togut dggrs soehh oevk jkeas tg prkvkat tok ksnepk gi ihu`d (h`qu`ds, ekrgsghs ead

vepgurs) irgj tok SD duràc e prgnkss nynhk.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 c)Z. @a edd`t`ga, tok rkngjjkadkd jktogd gi nhkeaàc ehh àlknt`ga hàks ead vehvks soehh bk stetkd Vskk ?.> c)Z. Tok p`pkwgrf soguhd bk sg ngastruntkd toet tok dked vghujk `s jà`j`zkd. ;.;.5.> Igr sjehh SDs àtkadkd tg bk phenkd ga e wgrf surienk (`.k. tebhk tgp jenoàks) tok rkqu`rkjkats gi ;.;.5.5, ;.;.5.2 ead ;.;.2 dg agt epphy. ;.;.2

Ngatrgh vehvks

[ahkss gtokrw`sk spknì`kd à subskqukat perts gi to`s steaderd, igr keno vehvk ngaakntkd tg tok noejbkr, tok ighhgwàc ruhks gi epph`net`ga soehh bk he`d dgwa< e)

@t soehh agt bk uskd uskd à epph`net`gas wokrk tok tkjpkreturks ead prkssurks tg wo`no `t w`hh bk kxpgskd duràc gpkret`ga à enngrdeank w`to tok jeauienturkr‐s àstrunt`gas nea kxnkkd tok jex`juj stetkd by tok jeauienturkr gi tok vehvk. @t `s cggd prent`nk tg kasurk toet agrjeh skrv`nk ngad`t`gas dg agt kxnkkd ?= % gi tok spknì`kd jex`juj vehuks.

b)

@t soehh bk rkjgvkd by i`ttàcs dks`cakd igr d`sngaaknt`ga w`togut rkjgvàc ngaakntàc p`pks, p`pks, ehtoguco, ì aknkssery, `t soehh bk pgss`bhk tg d`sphenk suno p`pks w`togut rkjgvàc tokj.

;.9

^prey systkjs

;.9.5 ^prey agzzhks soehh bk pgs`t`gakd tg kasurk ngjphktk ngatent gi tok sprey w`to ehh perts gi tok hged tgcktokr w`to tok epprgprètk hged nerr`kr woka hgedkd à enngrdeank w`to tok jeauienturkr‐s àstrunt`gas. ;.9.2 Agzzhks soehh bk prgtkntkd irgj bhgnfeck by tok pesseck gi pert`nhks, k.c. by tok prgv`s`ga gi e i`htkr upstrkej gi tok agzzhk wo`no w`hh rkjgvk pert`nhks gi e s`zk wo`no nguhd bhgnf tok agzzhks. Ehh agzzhks soguhd bk dks`cakd tg jà`j`zk tok pgss`b`h`ty gi bhgnfeck. ;.9.> Ehh p`pks ngateààc agzzhks soehh bk dkjguatebhk, ngj ngjphktk phktk w`to beygakt, snrkw gr gtokr i`ttàcs, w`to ehh às`dk ead guts`dk surienks kes`hy nhkeaebhk. ;.9.4 Ehh agzzhks, wo`no erk àtkadkd tg bk rkjgvebhk by tok uskr, soehh bk dks`cakd tg bk su`tebhk igr e jà`juj gi 2;= jetàcs. Ngjphèank soehh bk kstebh`sokd by rkv`kw gi tok dks`ca vkrì`net`ga dete (skk @^G 0==5.;). Rkjgvebhk agzzhks soehh oevk e jkeas gi `dkatìyàc toet toky oevk bkka àstehhkd à tok`r ngrrknt pgs`t`ga.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 b)Z. ;.9.9

I`xkd `rr`cet`ga agzzhks soehh bk dks`cakd ead ngastruntkd tg prgv`dk e s`j`her ihgw gi wetkr irgj ehh

agzzhks gi tok sejk typk àtkadkd igr tok sejk epph`net`ga. ;.9.3 @t soehh bk pgss`bhk tg noknf toet i`xkd agzzhks àtkadkd tg prgv`dk ihu`ds igr tok `rr`cet`ga gi tok àtkraeh noeaakhs gi oghhgw àstrujkats prgv`dk tok spknì`kd ihgw gi wetkr ead/gr equkgus sghut`gas. Tok jktogd tg bk uskd soehh bk spknì`kd à tok àstrunt`gas igr usk Vskk ?.> b)Z.

;.3

Dgsàc systkjs

;.3.5 Tok SD soehh bk i`ttkd w`to dgsàc systkjs igr ngatrghhàc tok edj`ss`ga gi ehh aknkssery prgnkss nokj`nehs. Tok aujbkr gi dgsàc systkjs tg bk prgv`dkd, w`toà tok jex`juj eve`hebhk aujbkr spknì`kd by tok SD jeauienturkr, soehh bk ecrkkd w`to tok uskr Vskk 5= r)Z. ;.3.2 Keno systkj soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to jkeas tg edlust tok vghujk edj`ttkd. Ennkss tg tok jkeas gi edlustjkat soehh rkqu`rk tok usk gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh. Tok jkeas gi edlustjkat soehh bk jeaueh gr eutgjet`n. AGTK pkrsga.

Ennkss tg tok jkeas gi edlustjkat nea bk rkstr`ntkd, k.c. tg to tok k jeauienturkr, tok`r eckat, gr eutogr`zkd

;.3.> Tok steck(s) à tok prgnkss nynhk et wo`no keno dgsàc systkj edj`ts nokj`neh tg tok SD soehh bk uadkr tok ngatrgh gi tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr. ;.3.4 Keno dgsàc systkj soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to jkeas tg dktkrjàk, d`rknthy gr àd`rknthy, toet tok vghujk edj`ttkd ead tok t`jk w`toà tok gpkret`gaeh nynhk woka tok edj`ss`ga gnnurrkd wkrk es prgcrejjkd à tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr. Ie`hurk tg edj`t tok spknì`kd jà`juj vghujk soehh neusk e ieuht tg bk àd`netkd. Tok SD jeauienturkr soehh spknìy tok tkst jktogd tg bk uskd tg dkjgastretk ngjphèank. ;.3.; Tok jeauienturkr soehh spknìy tok ennureny ead rkprgdun`b`h`ty gi tok ngatrgh gi vghujk edj`ttkd igr keno gi tok dgsàc systkjs prgv`dkd. Ngjphèank soehh bk tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.0 gr by e jktogd gi dkjgastretkd kqu`vehkank spknì`kd by tok SD jeauienturkr. ;.3.9 Tok SD soehh bk i`ttkd w`to e systkj toet w`hh àd`netk woka tokrk `s (erk) àsuii`n`kat prgnkss nokj`neh(s) eve`hebhk igr tok akxt nynhk.

;.?

Hged tkjpkreturk prgtknt`ga

;.?.5 SDs àtkadkd tg prgnkss `tkjs, wo`no jey bk dejeckd ì tok prk-skt tkjpkreturks erk kxnkkdkd, soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to gak gr jgrk tkjpkreturk nut-guts tg prgtknt tok hged irgj kxpgsurk tg kxnkss`vk tkjpkreturk. Toksk soguhd bk skt tg gpkretk et e tkjpkreturk hgw kaguco tg prkvkat dejeck tg tokrjgheb`hk kqu`pjkat àtkadkd igr prgnkssàc. ;.?.2

Tok tkjpkreturk nut-guts soehh bk nepebhk gi bkàc jeauehhy rkskt. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 Soka uskd tg h`j`t tok tkjpkreturk gi eay jkdùj ngjàc àtg ngatent w`to tok hged, tkjpkreturk nut-guts soehh gpkretk et e tkjpkreturk agt jgrk toea ; ½N o`cokr toea tok o`cokst tkjpkreturk prgv`dkd by eay tkjpkreturk ngatrgh gr tkjpkreturk-h`j`tàc dkv`nk (skk 9.?.;). To`s rkqu`rkjkat soehh epphy tg bgto aga-edlustebhk ead edlustebhk tkjpkreturk nut-guts, woka skt et tok`r jà`juj tkjpkreturk, ead prk-skt tkjpkreturk nut-guts. ;.?.4

Igr SDs à wo`no tok hged `s oketkd ead/gr tokrjehhy d`sàikntkd by stkej oketàc, tok noejbkr soehh

bk prgtkntkd eceàst e r`sk à prkssurk ebgvk tok dks`cakd wgrfàc prkssurk gi tok noejbkr woka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.;.9. E noejbkr dks`cakd tg wgrf et etjgspokr`n prkssurk soehh agt kxnkkd etjgspokr`n prkssurk by jgrk toea 2== o]e (2== jber).

;.0

]rgnkss tkjpkreturk ngatrgh h`j`ts

;.0.5

Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.?.2, tok prgnkss soehh jkkt tok ighhgwàc rkqu`rkjkats<

e)

tok tkjpkreturks rkngrdkd ga tok surienk gi tok hged ead hged nerr`kr erk w`toà − = ½N ead + ; ½N gi tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk torgucogut tok oghdàc pkr`gd igr tok d`sàiknt`ga steck6

b)

tok tkjpkreturks rkngrdkd ga tok surienk gi ttok ok hged ead hged nerr`kr erk w`toà µ ; ½N gi tok skt tkjpkreturk igr tok rkhkveat steck torgucogut tok oghdàc pkr`gd igr keno gi tok gtokr stecks6

n)

tok tkjpkreturk prgi`hk gbteàkd igr tok tkjpkreturk ngatrghhkd stecks gi to tok k gpkretàc nynhk soehh bk ngas`stkat w`toà µ 2,; ½N igr tok hest torkk gi igur tkst nynhks (skk 9.?.2.>)6

d)

tok oghdàc t`jk, es dktkrjàkd irgj tok jkesurkd tkjpkreturks ga tok surienk gi tok hged `tkjs, `s agt hkss toea toet spknì`kd igr tok d`sàiknt`ga steck (gr tok spknì`kd E= vehuk oes bkka gbteàkd)6

k)

duràc tok oghdàc t`jk tok jkesurkd tkjpkreturks ga tok surienk gi tok hged ead hged nerr`krs erk w`toà tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk bead spknì`kd igr tok gpkretàc nynhk (gr tok spknì`kd E= vehuk oes bkka gbteàkd)6

i)

tok tkjpkreturks sogwa ga tok noejbkr tkjpkreturk àd`netgr ead/gr ead/gr rkngrdkr erk w`toà µ 2 ½N gi tok tkjpkreturk jkesurkd et tok eutgjet`n ngatrgh skasgr6

c)

tok tkjpkreturk jkesurkd ga tok surienk gi keno hged `tkj dgks agt ihuntuetk by jgrk toea µ 2 ½N ead dgks agt dìikr irgj toet à gtokr hged `tkjs by jgrk toea 4 ½N6

o)

et tok kad gi tok nynhk tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs erk iguad tg oevk rkjeàkd à pgs`t`ga.

;.0.2 Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.?.> tok tkjpkreturks etteàkd ga tok noejbkr wehhs torgucogut tok prgnkss soehh jkkt tok ighhgwàc rkqu`rkjkats< e)

tok tkjpkreturks rkngrdkd ga tok surienk gi tok noejbkr torgucogut tok og oghdàc hdàc pkr`gd igr tok d`sàiknt`ga steck erk w`toà − = ½N ead + ; ½N gi tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk6

b)

tok tkjpkreturks rkngrdkd ga tok surienk gi tok noejbkr torgucogut tok oghdàc pkr`gd igr keno gi to tok k stecks, gtokr toea tok d`sàiknt`ga steck (skk ebgvk) erk w`toà µ ; ½N gi tok skt tkjpkreturk igr tok rkhkveat steck6

n)

tok tkjpkreturk àd àd`netkd/rkngrdkd `netkd/rkngrdkd by tok SD àstrujkats erk w`toà µ 2 ½N gi toet rkngrdkd by tok tkst àstrujkat irgj tok skasgr edlenkat tg tok rkikrkank skasgr torgucogut tok oghdàc pkr`gd igr tok d`sàiknt`ga steck6

d)

tok tkjpkreturk prgi`hk gbteàkd igr tok tkjpkreturk ngatrghhkd stecks gi tok gpkretàc nynhk erk ngas`stkat w`toà µ 2,; ½N igr tok hest torkk gi igur tkst nynhks (skk 9.?.>.2).

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5. ;.5=.2 Keno sw`tno, ceuck gr àd`netàc dkv`nk àtkadkd tg bk uskd by tok gpkretgr soehh bk jerfkd w`to ea epprgprètk syjbgh ead/gr hebkhhkd w`to e dksnr`pt`ga gi tok iuant`ga. Tok àstrujkat rkedàc ead hkckad soehh bk hkc`bhk et e d`steank gi 5 j irgj tok jenoàk woka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.9.2. ;.5=.> Tok syjbghs tg bk uskd soehh ngaigrj tg tok rkqu`rkjkats gi @KN 9=453-DB ead/gr @^G 3===. Soka akw syjbghs erk dkiàkd toksk soehh bk dks`cakd à enngrdeank w`to tok rkqu`rkjkats gi @KN ?=459-5.

;.55 ]rgnkss vkrì`net`ga ;.55.5 Tok SD soehh bk i`ttkd w`to jkeas tg vkrìy ead/gr rkngrd tok etteàjkat gi tok spknì`kd prgnkss ngad`t`gas. ;.55.2 Tok aeturk ead kxtkat gi jga`tgràc soehh bk ngjjkasuretk w`to tok àtkadkd usk gi tok hged ead tok r`sf er`sàc irgj agt dktkntàc e ie`hurk tg etteà tok spknì`kd vehuk gi gak gr jgrk nr`t`neh prgnkss verèbhks. ;.55.> Tok nog`nk gi prgnkss vkrì`net`ga systkj soehh bk beskd ga e dgnujkatkd r`sf eaehys`s à enngrdeank w`to @^G 54035 wo`no soehh ànhudk ngas`dkret`ga gi tok àtkadkd usk gi tok SD ead tok aeturk gi tok SD ngatrgh systkj. SDs neatok bkvehuks i`ttkd w`to k`tokr,verèbhks gr bgto, es gi twg rkngrdàc gr systkjs< e ‘nynhk ngatrgh‚ rkngrdkr rkngrdkr wo`no, wo`no rkngrds gi ngatrgh skkaskperetk by tok ngatrghhkr, e ‘prgnkss vkrì`net`ga‚ àdkpkadkathy gi tok ngatrghhkr ead `ts skasgrs, rkngrds tok vehuks etteàkd tg sgjk gr ehh gi tok nr`t`neh verèbhks wo`no dktkrjàk tok edkqueny gi tok prgnkss. ;.55.4 Gak gi tok ighhgwàc torkk hkvkhs gi prgnkss vkrì`net`ga Ve), b) gr n)Z soehh bk uskd< e)

vkrì`net`ga by tok gpkretgr gi tok etteàjkat gi tokrjeh d`sàiknt`ga<

⎧   tok SD soehh bk kqu`ppkd w`to e tkjpkreturk àd`netgr, àdkpkadkat irgj tok ngatrghhkr, tg ehhgw tok gpkretgr tg vkrìy etteàjkat gi tok prgcrejjkd d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk (To`s nea bk uskd woka, bkneusk gi tok aeturk ead àtkadkd usk gi tok hged, tok r`sf er`sàc irgj usk gi tok prgdunt eitkr ea uaset`sientgry d`sàiknt`ga prgnkss `s hgw.)6 b)

vkrì`net`ga by prgnkss rkngrd, àdkpkadkat irgj tok ngatrghhkr, gi tok etteàjkat gi tokrjeh d`sàiknt`ga ngad`t`gas< w`to `to skasgrs ead s`caeh prgnkssàc ⎧   tok SD soehh bk kqu`ppkd w`to e tkjpkreturk rkngrdkr, w àdkpkadkat irgj tok ngatrghhkr, tg rkngrd tok etteàjkat gi tok prgcrejjkd d`sàiknt`ga ngad`t`gas (To`s nea bk uskd woka, bkneusk gi tok aeturk ead àtkadkd usk gi tok hged, `t `s aknkssery tg prgv`dk ngai`rjetgry kv`dkank toet tok d`sàiknt`ga prgnkss oes tefka phenk w`toà tok h`j`ts kstebh`sokd duràc veh`det`ga.)6

⎧   to`s prgv`dks ag vkrì`net`ga gi tok edkqueny gi tok nhkeaàc prgnkss6 nhkeahàkss gi tok hged soguhd bk kstebh`sokd by àspknt`ga gi ehh hged `tkjs6 n)

vkrì`net`ga by prgnkss rkngrd, àdkpkadkat irgj tok ngatrghhkr, gi tok etteàjkat gi togsk prgnkss verèbhks eiikntàc bgto tok nhkeaàc ead d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks<

⎧   tok SD soehh bk kqu`ppkd w`to e juht`-noeaakh rkngrdkr, w`to skasgrs ead s`caeh s`caeh prgnkssàc àdkpkadkat irgj tok ngatrghhkr, tg rkngrd tok prgnkss verèbhks wo`no wkrk dktkrjàkd duràc veh`det`ga stud`ks tg bk nr`t`neh tg tok set`sientgry gutngjk gi tok nhkeaàc ead d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks (skk ehsg ;.53.2.3 ead ;.53.2.?). (To`s nea bk uskd woka, bkneusk gi tok aeturk ead àtkadkd usk gi tok hged, `toevk `s aknkssery prgv`dk ngai`rjetgry kv`dkank bgto nhkeaàc d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks tefka phenktgw`toà tok h`j`ts kstebh`sokd duràctoet veh`det`ga. To`s nea ead ànhudk SDs igr prgdunts wo`no w`hh bk uskd w`togut iurtokr prgnkssàc ead wokrk tok r`sfs er`sàc irgj ea uaset`sientgry nhkeaàc ead/gr d`sàiknt`ga prgnkss erk uaennkptebhk.) H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 `s jeàteàkd woka gpkretàc à ea ejb`kat tkjpkreturk reack gi ; ½N tg 4= ½N ead w`to e rkhet`vk ouj`d`ty agt kxnkkdàc ?= % igr tkjpkreturks up tg >5 ½N dknrkesàc hàkerhy tg ;= % rkhet`vk ouj`d`ty et 4= ½N. ;.52.2 Keno ceuck ead àd`netàc dkv`nk soehh bk jerfkd gr hebkhhkd w`to e dksnr`pt`ga gi `ts iuant`ga ead, ì uskd igr tokrjgjktry, soehh `dkatìy tok hgnet`ga gi `ts skasgr. @i ea àstrujkat `s ngaakntkd, à tura, tg jgrk toea gak skasàc pgàt, toksk pgàts soehh ngatàugushy àd`netk tok ent`vk skasgr toet `s bkàc jga`tgrkd. Tok `dkatì`net`ga gi skasgr hgnet`ga soehh bk suii`n`kat tg ehhgw tok gpkretgr tg uadkrstead tok s`caì`neank gi tok àstrujkat rkedàc k.c. ‘]rk-ràsk tkjpkreturk‚, ‘Dryàc nebàkt tkjpkreturk‚. ;.52.> Tok noerentkrs ga keno àd`netàc àstrujkat gr d`sphey soehh bk nhkerhy v`s`bhk et v`kwàc d`steanks gi =,2; j ead 5,= j woka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.9.2. ;.52.4 Igr neh`bret`ga purpgsks, keno àstrujkat systkj soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to e jkeas gi edlustjkat w`togut rkjgvàc `t irgj `ts pgs`t`ga. Tok systkj gi edlustjkat soehh bk prgtkntkd, k.c. by jkeas gi e ngvkr gr e hgnfàc snrkw, eceàst àedvkrtkat rkedlustjkat. Rkjgveh gi tok ngaakntkd skasgr jey bk aknkssery. Neh`bret`ga, edlustjkat ead vkrì`net`ga gi neh`bret`ga soguhd bk nerr`kd gut gahy by treàkd ead eutogr`zkd pkrsgaakh. ;.52.; Jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd tg kaebhk tok neh`bretkd àstrujkats ead prgnkss ngatrghs tg bk àdkpkadkathy vkrì`kd duràc ea gpkretàc nynhk. ;.52.9 Et hkest gak tkjpkreturk skasgr soehh bk hgnetkd à e pgs`t`ga wo`no wes prkv`gushy dktkrjàkd es bkàc rkprkskatet`vk gi tok hgwkst tkjpkreturk eno`kvkd w`toà tok hged. To`s soehh jefk `t pgss`bhk tg dktkrjàk toet ehh surienks wo`no erk rkqu`rkd tg bk d`sàikntkd torgucogut tok hged ead noejbkr w`hh etteà tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk igr tok rkqu`rkd t`jk. Igr e jktogd gi tkstàc, skk tok epprgprètk pert gi @^G 5;??>. ^kasàc pgàts edd`t`gaeh tg togsk spknì`kd nea bk rkqu`rkd igr tok purpgsk gi ngatrghhàc àtkrhgnfs. ;.52.3 Tok jeaakr à wo`no tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs erk ngaakntkd tg tok ngatrghhkr, àd`netgr ead rkngrdkr (ì i`ttkd) soehh kasurk toet eay dìikrkank bktwkka tok jkesurkd tkjpkreturks toet kxnkkd 2 ½N duràc tok oghdàc pkr`gd gi eay steck nea bk dktkrjàkd. To`s soehh bk eno`kvkd k`tokr by ngjper`sga gi tok d`spheykd tkjpkreturks ga tok rkngrdàc ead àd`netàc tokrjgjktkrs gr by tok àd`net`ga gi e ieuht et tok kad gi tok nynhk. [suehhy skasgrs erk hgnetkd à tok wetkr edj`ttkd tg, à, gr hkevàc tok noejbkr. ;.52.? Tok ighhgwàc àd`netgrs soehh bk hgnetkd et tok hgedàc kad gi tok SD< e) ‘à-prgnkss‚ àd`netgr6 b) ‘ieuht‚ àd`netgr6 n)

ogurs rua jktkr gr nynhk nguatkr toet neaagt bk rk-skt by tok uskr6

d) ‘nynhk ngjphktk‚ àd`netgr6 H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.;. ;.52.55 Tok hgnet`ga gi skasgrs soehh bk dktkrjàkd by tok SD jeauienturkr tg kasurk toet tok ngad`t`gas skaskd erk rkprkskatet`vk gi tok prgnkss ngad`t`gas toet erk tg bk ngatrghhkd k.c. ihgw torguco hujka àstrujkats, sprey prkssurk, igej h`j`tet`ga.

;.5> Tkjpkreturk àd`netàc systkjs systkjs ;.5>.5 Tkjpkreturk skasgrs soehh bk k`tokr phetàuj rks`steank typks ngjphyàc w`to Nhess B gi @KN 9=3;5 gr tokrjgnguphks ngjphyàc n gjphyàc w`to gak gi tok àtkraet`gaeh tebhks spknì`kd à Tghkreank T ghkreank Nhess 2 gi @KN 9=;?4-5.2 Tok SD noejbkr tkjpkreturk àd`netàc systkj soehh< e)

bk k`tokr d`c`teh gr eaehgcuk6

b)

bk creduetkd à dkcrkks Nkhsùs6

n)

oevk e snehk wo`no ànhudks tok reack ; ½N tg 00 ½N6

d)

oevk ea ennureny gi et hkest µ5 ½N gvkr tok snehk reack 5= ½N tg 00 ½N6

k)

igr eaehgcuk àstrujkats, bk creduetkd à d`v`s`gas agt agt crketkr toea 5 ½N6

i)

igr d`c`teh àstrujkats, oevk e rksghut`ga gi et hkest 5 ½N6

c)

woka uskd igr e ngatrgh iuant`ga, oevk brgfka skasgr prgtknt`ga tg ie`h-seik à `ts ngatrgh iuant`ga epph`net`ga6

o)

oevk ea ejb`kat tkjpkreturk krrgr ngjpkaset`ga agt kxnkkdàc =,=? F/F6

`)

oevk jkeas tg bk edlustkd à s`tu by tok usk gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh.

AGTK

@t `s uah`fkhy toet toksk pkrigrjeank rkqu`rkjkats nea bk jkt by b`-jktehh`n-typk àd`netàc tokrjgjktkrs. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5-5-5, to`s soehh bk à tok àigrjet`ga supph`kd by tok purnoeskr tg tok jeauienturkr. ;.53.2.2 Tok skasgrs ngaakntkd tg tok prgnkss vkrì`net`ga rkngrdkr soehh bk àdkpkadkat gi tok skasgrs uskd igr prgnkss ngatrgh iuant`gas. Twg gr jgrk skasgrs hgnetkd à tok sejk ogusàc nea bk ngas`dkrkd es skperetk skasgrs. ;.53.2.> Soka e j`nrgprgnkssgr beskd systkj `s uskd eay s`caeh ejphì`kr ead E tg D (Eaehgcuk tg D`c`teh) ngavkrtkr soehh bk skperetk irgj togsk uskd by tok ngatrghhkr. ;.53.2.4 Soka tok sejk j`nrgprgnkssgr `s uskd igr tok ngatrghhkr ead prgnkss vkrì`net`ga rkngrdkr tok systkj soehh ànhudk e wetnodgc t`jkr. ;.53.2.; Tok prgnkss vkrì`net`ga rkngrdàc systkj soehh bk i`ttkd tg rkngrd tok fky verèbhks gi tok prgnkss torgucogut tok gpkretàc nynhk. ;.53.2.9 Tok jkesuràc systkjs soehh oevk ea ennureny ead rksghut`ga agt hkss toea tok ennureny ead rksghut`ga gi jkesurkjkat rkqu`rkd tg ngatrgh tok SD. Soka iuhh prgnkss vkrì`net`ga rkngrdàc `s rkqu`rkd, tok prgnkss verèbhks fagwa tg eiiknt ;.53.2.3 pkrigrjeank soehh bk jkesurkd. Toksk soguhd ànhudk et hkest< e)

tok tkjpkreturk gi wetkr ead e`r à keno noejbkr et keno steck à tok gpkretàc nynhk6

b)

tok vghujk gi keno prgnkss nokj`neh edj`ttkd, ead tok t`jk et wo`no wo`no `t wes wes edj`ttkd, et keno steck à tok gpkretàc nynhk6

n)

tok tkjpkreturk gi wetkr à keno oketkd stgreck teaf6

d)

tok prkssurk ead/gr ihgw gi wetkr/equkgus sghut`gas supph`kd tg keno noejbkr noejbkr duràc wesoàc ead ràsàc stecks6

k)

tok khkntr`neh ngadunt`v`ty gi tok iàeh ràsk wetkr.

;.53.2.? Tok jex`juj kxpkntkd vehuk gi tok verèbhk tg bk jkesurkd soehh agt kxnkkd twg to`rds gi tok iuhh snehk vehuk gi tok jkesuràc àstrujkat. Tok iuhh snehk vehuk gi tok jkesuràc àstrujkat soehh agt kxnkkd tok jex`juj kxpkntkd vehuk by jgrk toea 5;= %. Tok jà`juj pkrigrjeank noerentkr`st`ns gi tok jkesurkjkat systkjs soehh jkkt gr kxnkkd tok ighhgwàc rkqu`rkjkats. e)

Tkjpkreturk

⎧   ennureny< µ 5 % gvkr tok reack = ½N tg 5== ½N6 ⎧   rksghut`ga< 5 ½N gr bkttkr6 ⎧   sejphàc retk< et hkest kvkry ; s. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 [ahkss gtokrw`sk spknì`kd by tok purnoeskr, igr dgubhk-kadkd SDs tok pràtkd rkngrd soguhd bk prgdunkd ga tok uahgedàc s`dk gi tok SD.

;.5? Ngatrgh systkjs ;.5?.5 Tok SD soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to ea eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 Tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr soehh noknf tok etteàjkat gr gtokrw`sk gi tok prk-skt nynhk verèbhks, w`toà prk-dktkrjàkd h`j`ts, ksskatèh tg tok kii`neny gi tok gpkretàc nynhk. ;.5?.4 Tok jeauienturkr soehh spknìy tok vehuks igr keno nynhk verèbhk prgcrejjkd àtg tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr suno toet tok pkrigrjeank rkqu`rkjkats à Nheusk 4 erk jkt. ;.5?.; Tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr soehh kasurk toet w`toà tok h`j`ts spknì`kd by tok jeauienturkr tok gpkretàc nynhk `s rkprgdun`bhk duràc keno subskqukat nynhk. @t soehh bk pgss`bhk tg jeàteà ngatàugushy tok tkjpkreturk w`toà tok spknì`kd d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk bead igr tok spknì`kd t`jk (skk 9.5>). ;.5?.9 @t soehh agt bk pgss`bhk tg edlust tok prk-skt verèbhks duràc tok prgcrkss gi ea gpkretàc nynhk. ;.5?.3 Eaehgcuk rkngrdàc àstrujkats soehh agt bk uskd igr e ngatrgh iuant`ga i uant`ga uahkss `t nea bk dkjgastretkd toet tok ngatrgh iuant`ga dgks agt edvkrskhy eiiknt tok ennureny gi tok àstrujkat. ;.5?.? Ennkss tg ngatrgh nga trgh dkv`nks, ànhudàc ennkss igr tok purpgsk gi skttàc tok nynhk verèbhks, wo`no nea bk gpkretkd w`togut d`sjeathàc tok ngatrgh gr jgvàc `t irgj `ts i`xkd pgs`t`ga ga tok jenoàk soehh gahy bk by jkeas gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh. ;.5?.0 Soka SDs erk prgcrejjkd igr e aujbkr gi gpkretàc nynhks, tok rkqu`rkd nynhk soehh bk skhkntkd by fky, ngdk gr sw`tno. ;.5?.5= Igr jeàtkaeank, tkst purpgsks ead à nesks gi kjkrckany, jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd tg pkrj`t jeaueh prgcrkss`ga gi tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr prgcrejjk. Tok skhknt`ga gi to`s jeaueh ien`h`ty soehh bk by jkeas gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh dìikrkat irgj tok gak spknì`kd ebgvk. ;.5?.55 Soka jeauehhy gpkretkd igr jeàtkaeank, tkst purpgsks ead à nesks gi kjkrckany, tok eutgjet`n prgcrejjk skqukank soehh eutgjet`nehhy sw`tno gii. ;.5?.52 Eay ;.5?.52 Eay ngatrgh wo`no `s prk-skt, prk-sk t, but edlustebhk, soehh k`tokr bk hgnetkd bkoàd b koàd e hgnfebhk hgnf ebhk peakh gr rkqu`rk tok usk gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh igr `ts edlustjkat. ;.5?.5> Tok jeaueh edveank systkj soehh gahy ehhgw tok skqukatèh skhknt`ga gi gak steck et e t`jk. ;.5?.54 S`to tok kxnkpt`ga gi ngatàugus prgnkss jenoàks, tok ngatrghhkr, et tok ngjphkt`ga gi e sunnkssiuh gpkretàc nynhk, soehh àd`netk ‘nynhk ngjphktk‚. To`s àd`net`ga soehh bk ie`h-seik à tok kvkat gi ie`hurk gi eay skrv`nk, `.k. e`r stkej, khkntr`n`ty, wetkr gr dreàeck. @t `s cggd prent`nk tg kasurk toet àneadksnkat àd`netgr hejps, `.k. kxnhudàc h`cot-kj`ttàc d`gdks, erk gpkretkd et agt jgrk toea ?= % gi tok`r jex`juj retàc.

;.50 Gvkrr`dk gi eutgjet`n ngatrgh ;.50.5 Tok gvkrr`dk ngatrgh ennkss`bhk tg tok gpkretgr irgj tok ngatrgh peakh soehh< e)

rkjeà àgpkret`vk uahkss e ieuht oes gnnurrkd6

b)

ehhgw tok jeaueh ngatrgh gi tok dggr(s)6

n)

gahy bk ent`vetkd by tok usk gi e fky, ngdk gr tggh, dìikrkat irgj toet rkqu`rkd igr tok gpkretàc nynhk.

;.50.2 Soka ea gvkrr`dk ngatrgh `s prgv`dkd, wo`no `s àtkadkd igr usk duràc tkstàc gi tok SD by e treàkd ead eutogr`zkd pkrsga, gpkret`ga gi to`s gvkrr`dk soehh< e)

rkqu`rk e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh, dìikrkat irgj togsk spknì`kd à ;.5?.?, ;.5?.52 ead ;.50.5 n)6

b)

agt bk dkpkadkat ga e ieuht oevàc gnnurrkd. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 Setkr supphy ;.2>.5 Tok queh`ty gi wetkr rkqu`rkd igr keno prgnkss steck soehh bk spknì`kd by tok SD jeauienturkr. Soka aknkssery, jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd tg jga`tgr tok etteàjkat gi to`s wetkr queh`ty k`tokr pkr`gd`nehhy gr ngatàuehhy igr keno nynhk. AGTK Tok queh`ty gi wetkr nea ànhudk ngas`dkret`ga gi nokj`neh pur`ty, oerdakss, tkjpkreturk, supphy prkssurk, j`nrgbèh ngatejàet`ga, ktn.

Tok jga`tgràc iuant`ga nea bk prgv`dkd by kqu`pjkat kxtkraeh tg tok SD, àstehhkd ga tok wetkr supphy systkj. ;.2>.2 Tok SD soehh bk dks`cakd tg gpkretk k`tokr< e)

w`to pgtebhk wetkr supph`kd d`rknthy tg tok SD, gr

b)

w`to pgtebhk wetkr supph`kd tg tok wetkr trketjkat kqu`pjkat supphyàc tok SD.

Setkr trketjkat kqu`pjkat nea ànhudk, k.c. e sgitkakr, dk-`ga`zkr gr rkvkrsk gsjgs`s pheat, es aknkssery. AGTK Jeay gi tok ettr`butks gi tok wetkr supph`kd tg tok SD n nea ea eiiknt tok kii`neny ead gr kii`n kii`n`kany `kany gi tok prg prgnkss. nkss. Toksk ànhudk oerdakss, pO, j`nrgbèh pur`ty es wkhh es ver`gus rkent`vk ea`gas ead net`gas.

^pknì`n rkqu`rkjkats igr pert`nuher epph`net`gas erk spknì`kd à subskqukat perts gi @^G 5;??>. ;.2>.> Tok SD jeauienturkr soehh rkqukst irgj tok uskr dkte`hs gi tok eve`hebhk wetkr supphy ead edv`sk tok uskr gi aknkssery wetkr trketjkat. @a tok ebskank gi rkhèbhk àigrjet`ga irgj tok uskr, tok queh`ty gi tok wetkr eve`hebhk soehh bk tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.4.

;.24 Ykatàc ead dreàeck dreàeck sys systkjs tkjs ;.24.5 Tok SD soehh bk vkatkd k`tokr< e)

d`rknthy tg tok etjgspokrk kxtkraeh tg tok bu`hdàc, gr

b)

àd`rknthy àtg tok dreàeck systkj vè e ngadkaskr, gr

n)

àtg tok wgrfàc erke.

Sokrk e vkat d`snoercks àtg tok wgrfàc erke, e ngadkaskr gr j`nrgb`ghgc`neh i`htkr j`cot bk rkqu`rkd. @i spknì`kd by tok purnoeskr, duntwgrf nea bk supph`kd Vskk 9.;.9 ead 5= q)Z. @a nesk gi agx`gus d`snoercks, ettkat`ga `s drewa tg tok rkqu`rkjkats gi @KN 95=5=-2-4;.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 @i e ngadkaskr `s uskd igr àd`rknt vkatàc, tok wetkr skeh bktwkka tok noejbkr ead tok dreà soehh agt bk d`snoerckd. ;.24.4 Soka e duntwgrf ngaaknt`ga `s rkqu`rkd tok ngaaknt`ga soehh kasurk toet eay ngadkasetk w`hh agt d`snoerck gatg tok gutkr surienk gi tok SD, k.c. tok ngaaknt`ga soguhd bk gi tok sp`cgt typk w`to tok ngaakntàc duntwgrf às`dk tok sp`cgt up stead ga tok SD. ;.24.; Dkte`hs gi tok vkat`het`ga d`snoerck rkqu`rkjkats soehh bk prgv`dkd wo`no ànhudk tok ighhgwàc< e)

e`r vghujk6

b)

systkj prkssurk drgp6

n)

jex`juj tkjpkreturk ead jex`juj rkhet`vk ouj`d`ty et toet tkjpkreturk.

;.24.9 Jkeas soehh bk prgv`dkd tg kasurk toet eay ngadkasetk dreààc irgj tok duntwgrf w`hh agt ngatent tok hged (skk 9.;.3). Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.;.3 ehh surienks gi ehh tkst p`knks à tok hged soehh bk irkk irgj dktkntebhk trenks gi wetkr.

;.2; Dreàeck ;.2;.5 Tok dks`ca gi tok dreàeck trep soehh ànhudk tok ighhgwàc< e)

e wetkr wetkr skeh (usuehhy gi e dkpto ag hkss toea ;= jj)6

AGTK

b)

Hgneh rkcuhet`gas epph`nebhk tg tok wetkr skeh nea kx`st.

e trep wo`no `s rkjgvebhk igr nhkeaàc gr `s i`ttkd w`to ea ennkss`bhk nhkeaàc pgrt.

AGTK

To`s nea bk prgv`dkd es pert gi tok bu`hdàc àstehhet`ga.

;.2;.2 @i eitkr ngjphkt`ga gi ea gpkretàc nynhk tok wetkr hkvkh w`toà tok noejbkr rkjeàs ebgvk tok hgwkst pgàt gi tok noejbkr dggr skeh tok ngatrgh systkj soehh neusk e ieuht tg bk àd`netkd. Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.>.?, e ieuht soehh bk àd`netkd gank tok wetkr hkvkh `s ebgvk tok hgwkst pgàt gi tok dggr skeh et tok kad gi tok nynhk ead `t soehh agt bk pgss`bhk tg gpka tok dggr w`togut tok usk gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh. AGTK

Bhgnfkd dreà prgtknt`ga `s àtkadkd tg prkvkat sp`hheck ead jà`j`zk tok r`sf gi (nrgss) àiknt`ga.

To`s tkst j`cot agt bk rkqu`rkd ì tok dks`ca gi tok SD prkvkats tok ihu`d hkvkh w`toà tok SD noejbkr rkenoàc tok hkvkh gi tok dggr.

;.29 E`r i`htkrs àstehhkd w`toà tok SD Soka tok SD `s i`ttkd w`to e`r i`htkrs àtkadkd tg kasurk toet e`r irkk irgj j`nrgbèh ngatejàet`ga `s uskd igr dryàc tok hged tok i`htkr àstehhet`ga soehh bk tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to 9.55. Tok i`htkr soehh bk rked`hy ennkss`bhk ead kes`hy rkjgvebhk igr nhkeaàc, tkstàc ead rkphenkjkat.

;.23 Hged oeadhàc ead suppgrts suppgrts igr usk w`toà tok SD ;.23.5 Soka tok SD `s supph`kd w`to e systkj igr suppgrtàc tok hged ead/gr e systkj igr treasikrràc tok hged àtg ead/gr gut gi tok noejbkr tok ighhgwàc soehh epphy< H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5 Tok hged nerr`kr soehh bk ngastruntkd irgj durebhk, ngrrgs`ga-rks`steat jetkrèhs ead soehh w`tostead, w`togut dejeck, tok kav`rgajkat w`toà tok noejbkr. ;.23.4 Tok hged nerr`kr soehh prkvkat ak`tokr tok etteàjkat gi tok prk-skt nynhk verèbhks agr tok irkk dreàeck gi wetkr irgj tok hged ead tok pkaktret`ga gi wetkr ead/gr stkej àtg tok hged. ;.23.; Tok hged nerr`kr(s) soehh bk dks`cakd sg toet toky neaagt bk j`s-pgs`t`gakd à e jeaakr wo`no w`hh prkvkat ngjphèank w`to tok rkqu`rkjkats gi ;.23.4. ;.23.9 Hged nerr`krs ngaakntkd tg tok prgnkss ihu`d n`rnuhet`ga systkj soehh bk dks`cakd ead ngastruntkd sg toet toky neaagt bk j`s-eh`cakd à tok SD (skk 9.3.5). ;.23.3 Tok hged nerr`kr soehh bk dks`cakd ead ngastruntkd sg toet `t dgks agt `jpe`r nhkeaàc ead d`sàiknt`ga gi tok hged. ;.23.? Tok hged nerr`kr àtkadkd tg enngjjgdetk tok `tkj(s) soehh bk dks`cakd à suno e jeaakr toet tok ngatent bktwkka tok dìikrkat surienks gi tok sejk `tkj gr bktwkka twg `tkjs `s rkdunkd tg tok jà`juj aknkssery. @i gak gr jgrk poesks gi tok prgnkssàc gi tok dkv`nk erk ngaduntkd by `jjkrs`ga, tok besfkt àtkadkd igr enngjjgdetàc to`s dkv`nk soehh bk dks`cakd à suno e jeaakr toet tok woghk gi tok dkv`nk `s ehweys `jjkrskd et tok t`jk gi toksk poesks. @i gak gr jgrk poesks gi tok prgnkssàc gi tok dkv`nk erk ngaduntkd by spreyàc, tok ngatent surienks bktwkka tok dkv`nk ead tok besfkt soehh bk rkdunkd tg tok jà`juj aknkssery.

;.2? Trghhkys ;.2?.5 @i trghhkys erk uskd à ngaluant`ga w`to tok SD tg jgvk hgeds ead/gr hged nerr`krs, toka tok rkqu`rkjkats à ;.2?.2 tg ;.2?.? soehh epphy. ;.2?.2 Tok trghhky soehh bk dks`cakd tg ehhgw tok gpkretgr kes`hy tg eh`ca tok trghhky w`to tok SD igr hgedàc ead uahgedàc Vskk 9.3.2.2 b)Z. ;.2?.> Tok trghhky soehh bk prgv`dkd w`to jkeas tg nghhknt h`qu`d rks`duks irgj tok hged tg prkvkat toksk irgj dr`ppàc gatg tok ihggr. Tok jkeas prgv`dkd soehh bk dktenoebhk igr nhkeaàc Vskk 9.3.2.2 n)Z. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd=

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

© @^G 2==9

Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-55 ½N dknrkesàc hàkerhy tg ;= % rkhet`vk ouj`d`ty et 4= N.

9

Tkstàc igr ngaigrj`ty

9.5

Ckakreh

9.5.5

@atkr-rkhet`gaso`p gi tksts

Tok tksts dksnr`bkd à to`s nheusk erk rkikrkank tksts àtkadkd igr usk à dkjgastretàc ngjphèank w`to tok spknì`kd rkqu`rkjkats gi to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>. Toky jey je y bk uskd à typk tksts, wgrfs tksts, ead à veh`det`ga ead rk-quehì`net`ga tksts, gr à rgutàk tksts. Gtokr tksts ead jktogds prgv`dàc kqu`vehkat essureank jey bk uskd by tok jeauienturkr es tok bes`s gi nhe`jàc ngjphèank w`to to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>. @a eay nesk gi d`sputk, tok rkikrkank tksts c`vka à to`s pert gi @^G 5;??> soehh bk uskd. Tok àtkr-rkhet`gaso`p gi tok ver`gus tkst prgcrejjks, ead cu`deank ga tok hgnet`ga wokrk toky wguhd usuehhy bk ngaduntkd ead ga tok rkspgas`b`h`ty igr ngaduntàc tok tksts erk sogwa à Eaakx E, I`curk E.5. 9.5.2

Ngaigrj`ty gi SDs, es supph`kd, w`to to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>

Tok jeauienturkr soehh supphy dgnujkatery kv`dkank toet tok SD ngjph`ks w`to tok rkqu`rkjkats gi bgto to`s pert gi @^G 5;??> ead subskqukat rkhkveat perts gi @^G 5;??>. Tok jeauienturkr gi tok SD soehh nerry gut suno tkstàc ga nhkeaàc kii`neny ead d`sàiknt`ga gi spknì`n hgeds es jey bk rkqu`rkd tg substeatètk eay pkrigrjeank nhe`js jedk by tok jeauienturkr gi tok SD. 9.5.>

Ngaigrj`ty gi SD, es `àstehhkd, astehhkd, w`to to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>

9.5.>.5

Yeh`det`ga

9.5.>.5.5 Igr SDs, veh`det`ga soehh bk ngas`dkrkd es e tgteh prgcrejjk wo`no ngas`sts gi àstehhet`ga quehì`net`ga, gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga ead pkrigrjeank quehì`net`ga nerr`kd gut ga jenoàks igr wo`no tokrk `s dgnujkatery kv`dkank irgj tok jeauienturkr toet toky ngjphy w`to tok rkqu`rkjkats gi to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>. Tok dgnujkatery kv`dkank nea bk beskd ga dete irgj typk tksts ead wgrfs tksts, es epprgprètk. prgcrejj k gi veh`det`ga tksts soehh bk epph`kd tg ehh S SDs Ds nhe`jàc ngjphèank w`to to`s pert gi 9.5.>.5.2 E prgcrejjk @^G 5;??>. 9.5.>.5.>

@i tok SD oes dìikrkat nynhks, tok tksts soehh bk nerr`kd gut igr keno nynhk typk. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.5.4 @a tok nesk wokrk nynhks usàc tok sejk hged ngai`curet`ga gahy dìikr by tok hkacto gi tok dìikrkat poesks, tok nynhk bkàc tkstkd w`hh bk tok sogrtkst gak prgpgskd igr veh`det`ga ead tok hgackr nynhks w`hh bk veh`detkd by kxtrepghet`ga. 9.5.>.5.; Tok dete irgj tok jeauienturkr (ànhudàc wokrk epph`nebhk tok rksuhts gi typk tksts ead wgrfs tksts) ead dete ckakretkd by tksts uadkrtefka es àstehhet`ga tksts, gpkret`gaeh tksts ead pkrigrjeank tksts soehh bk rkteàkd igr ngjper`sga w`to subskqukat tksts tg vkrìy ngatàukd etteàjkat gi tok rkqu`rkd pkrigrjeank by tok SD. 9.5.>.2

@astehhet`ga quehì`net`ga

]r`gr tg uadkrtefàc gpkret`gaeh ead pkrigrjeank tksts ga ea àstehhkd SD, àstehhet`ga tksts soehh bk nerr`kd gut tg kasurk toet ehh aknkssery skrv`nks oevk bkka ngrrknthy supph`kd ead ngaakntkd ead toet tok SD `s seik tg gpkretk (skk @KN 95=5=-2-=4;). Tok tksts ead noknfs tg bk pkrigrjkd duràc àstehhet`ga quehì`net`ga soehh bk spknì`kd, dgnujkatkd ead rkngrdkd. 9.5.>.>

Gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga

Tok tksts ead noknfs tg bk pkrigrjkd duràc gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga soehh bk spknì`kd, dgnujkatkd ead rkngrdkd. Cu`deank ga togsk tksts toet soguhd bk ànhudkd à gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga `s c`vka à Eaakx E, Tebhk E.5. Tok tksts spknì`kd à to`s pert gi @^G 5;??> epphy kxnkpt àsgier es tok tkst jktogds ead rkqu`rkjkats erk jgdì`kd by tok rkqu`rkjkats gi subskqukat perts gi @^G 5;??>. Soka ag rkhkveat subskqukat pert kx`sts ehh rkhkveat perts gi tok tkst prgcrejjks à to`s pert gi @^G 5;??> soguhd bk epph`kd. 9.5.>.4

]krigrjeank quehì`net`ga

9.5.>.4.5 ]krigrjeank quehì`net`ga soehh bk pkrigrjkd eitkr ngjphkt`ga gi àstehhet`ga quehì`net`ga ead gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga. Cu`deank ga togsk tksts toet soguhd bk ànhudkd à pkrigrjeank quehì`net`ga `s c`vka à Eaakx E, Tebhk E.5. 9.5.>.4.2 ]krigrjeank quehì`net`ga soehh bk pkrigrjkd ga tok àtrgdunt`ga gi akw gr jgdì`kd `tkjs tg bk nhkeakd ead d`sàikntkd, gr akw hgedàc systkjs uahkss kqu`vehkank k`tokr tg e veh`detkd rkikrkank hged gr tg e prkv`gushy veh`detkd `tkj gr hgedàc systkj oes bkka dkjgastretkd. 9.5.>.4.> ]krigrjeank quehì`net`ga soehh bk pkrigrjkd ga tok àtrgdunt`ga gi akw prgnkss perejktkrs (ànhudàc prgnkss nokj`nehs). 9.5.>.4.4

]krigrjeank quehì`net`ga soehh dkjgastretk tok etteàjkat gi tok rkqu`rkd<

⎧   nhkeaàc kii`neny6 ⎧   d`sàiknt`ga ngad`t`gas torgucogut tok noejbkr, hged nerr`kr ead hged6 ⎧   dryàc kii`neny6 ⎧   irkkdgj irgj prgnkss rks`duks. 9.5.>.4.; Keno nhkeaàc ead d`sàiknt`ga prgnkss ead keno typk gi hged ead hgedàc pettkra igr wo`no tok prgnkss `s veh`d soehh bk spknì`kd ead dgnujkatkd. Tok h`j`ts igr ennkptebhk nynhk verèt`gas soehh bk spknì`kd ead dgnujkatkd ehsg.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd5

>2

© @^G 2==9

Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5 erk jà`juj rkqu`rkjkats. Rkcuhetgry eutogr`t`ks nea spknìy jgrk stràckat rkqu`rkjkats w`toà tok tkrr`tgr`ks igr wo`no toky erk rkspgas`bhk. 9.5.>.4.9

Igr tokrjeh d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks, tok spknì`kd d`sàiknt`ga ngad`t`gas soehh bk beskd ga k`tokr<

e)

e spknì`kd d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk ead e jà`juj t`jk igr wo`no tok surienks tg bk d`sàikntkd w`hh bk sublkntkd tg to`s tkjpkreturk, gr

b)

e spknì`kd E= vehuk.

9.5.>.4.3 Igr nokj`neh d`sàiknt`ga prgnkssks, tok spknì`kd d`sàiknt`ga ngad`t`gas soehh bk beskd ga e spknì`kd jà`juj d`sàiknteat ngankatret`ga igr e spknì`kd jà`juj ngatent t`jk k`tokr< e)

w`toà e spknì`kd tkjpkreturk reack, gr

b)

ebgvk e spknì`kd jà`juj tkjpkreturk

ead vkrì`kd by ngai`rjet`ga gi j`nrgbèh àent`vet`ga. 9.5.4

Nkrtì`net`ga gi veh`det`ga

@astehhet`ga quehì`net`ga, gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga ead pkrigrjeank quehì`net`ga rkpgrts soehh bk prkperkd ead s`cakd by pkrsgas dks`caetkd es rkspgas`bhk igr prkperàc, rkv`kwàc ead ennkptàc tok rkpgrts. 9.5.;

Rk-quehì`net`ga

Rk-quehì`net`ga soehh bk nerr`kd gut< e)

ì noeacks gr kacàkkràc wgrf wgrf erk nerr`kd gut ga tok kqu`pjkat ead àstehhet`ga toet nguhd eiiknt tok pkrigrjeank gi tok SD6

b)

ì e rkv`kw rkv`kw gi rkngrds gi rgutàk tksts gi SD pkrigrjeank àd`netks uaennkptebhk dkvèt`ga(s) irgj dete dktkrjàkd duràc tok à`tèh veh`det`ga6

n)

ì SD pkrigrjeank `s uaennkptebhk6

d)

ì prgnkss ngad`t`gas (k.c. prgnkss nokj`nehs) erk noeackd6

k)

et dkiàkd àtkrvehs.

Tok dkiàkd àtkrveh nea bk dktkrjàkd by rkcuhetgry eutogr`t`ks gr by r`sf eaehys`s. Agrjeh prent`nk wguhd bk igr rk-quehì`net`ga tg bk nerr`kd gut eaauehhy. 9.5.9

]rgnkss ngatrgh ead jga`tgràc

Ehh neh`bret`ga, jeàtkaeank ead pkrigrjeank quehì`net`ga soehh so ehh bk sunnkssiuhhy ngjphktkd, dgnujkatkd ead epprgvkd by e dks`caetkd pkrsga bkigrk tok SD `s uskd. ]rgnkdurks igr tok rgutàk tkstàc gi tok SD, ànhudàc ehh tksts ead noknfs ead jetkrèhs tg bk uskd, soehh bk dgnujkatkd. SDs soehh bk tkstkd pkr`gd`nehhy à enngrdeank w`to e dgnujkatkd snokduhk tg dkjgastretk tok ngatàukd rkprgdun`b`h`ty gi tok veh`detkd prgnkss nynhk. Cu`deank ga togsk tksts wo`no soguhd bk ànhudkd à prgnkss ngatrgh ead jga`tgràc `s c`vka à Eaakx E, Tebhk E.5 uadkr ‘Rgutàk tkst". Tok rkngjjkadkd jà`juj irkqukany igr rgutàk tkstàc `s c`vka à Eaakx E, Tebhk E.5 uadkr ‘Rgutàk tkst". H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5. 9.2.5.2 Tkjpkreturk soehh bk k`tokr ead phetàuj rks`steank khkjkats ngjphy tebhk w`to @KN 9=3;5, Nhess E, skasgrs gr soehh bk tokrjgnguphks soehh ngjphy w`to tok rkhkveat ead àtkraet`gaeh spknì`kd à @KN 9=;?4-5 Tok pkrigrjeank noerentkr`st`ns gi tok tkjpkreturk skasgr soehh agt bk edvkrskhy eiikntkd by tok kav`rgajkat à wo`no `t `s phenkd, k.c. prkssurk, ogt dktkrckat sghut`ga, ktn. 9.2.5.4 Tok gutput irgj tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs soehh bk vkrì`kd by `jjkrsàc tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs à e tkjpkreturk sgurnk et e tkjpkreturk fagwa w`toà µ =,5 F ead w`toà tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk bead. Eitkr neh`bret`ga ead edlustjkat tok tkjpkreturks àd`netkd by tok tkjpkreturk jkesuràc kqu`pjkat ngaakntkd tg tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs soehh agt dìikr by jgrk toea =,; F. 9.2.5.; @a grdkr tg evg`d uaduk d`sturbeank gi tok systkj bkàc jkesurkd, tok jelgr dèjktkr gi tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs ead tok`r ngaakntàc hkeds wo`no w`hh bk hgnetkd w`toà tok SD soehh agt kxnkkd 2 jj. 9.2.2

Tokrjgjktr`n rkngrdàc àstrujkats

9.2.2.5 Gak gr jgrk tokrjgjktr`n rkngrdàc àstrujkat(s) soehh bk uskd à ngaluant`ga w`to tok tkjpkreturk skasgrs tg rkngrd tok tkjpkreturks jkesurkd à tok hgnet`gas spknì`kd à tok tksts dksnr`bkd à to`s pert gi @^G 5;??>. Toky jey ehsg bk uskd tg vkrìy tok rkedàcs gbteàkd irgj àstrujkats i`ttkd tg tok SD. Tok tokrjgjktr`n rkngrdàc àstrujkat(s) soehh rkngrd tok tkjpkreturk irgj e jà`juj gi twkhvk 9.2.2.2 tkjpkreturk skasgrs. Tok noeaakhs jey bk juht`phkxkd gr àdkpkadkat gi gak eagtokr. Tok dete rkngrdàc àtkrveh igr keno noeaakh soehh agt kxnkkd 2,; s. Ehh dete sejphkd soehh bk uskd igr tok àtkrprktet`ga gi rksuhts. Tok snehk reack soehh ànhudk = ½N tg 5== ½N. Tok h`j`t gi krrgr igr tok rkngrdàc àstrujkat, 9.2.2.> kxnhudàc tkjpkreturk skasgrs, bktwkka bkt wkka = ½N ead 5== ½N soehh agt kxnkkd µ =,2; F woka tkstkd à ea ejb`kat tkjpkreturk gi (2= µ >) ½N. Tok edd`t`gaeh krrgr duk tg noeacks à kav`rgajkateh tkjpkreturk soehh agt kxnkkd =,=4 F/F. 9.2.2.4 Igr eaehgc`neh àstrujkats, tok jàgr jerf àtkrveh soehh agt kxnkkd 5 F ead tok noert spkkd soehh bk ag hkss toea 5; jj/jà. Tok rksghut`ga soehh bk ag hkss toea =,; F. 9.2.2.; 9.2.>

D`c`teh àstrujkats soehh rkc`stkr ead rkngrd à ànrkjkats gi ag jgrk toea =,5 F. Neh`bret`ga

9.2.>.5 Neh`bret`ga soehh bk nerr`kd gut à enngrdeank w`to tok àstrujkat jeauienturkr‐s àstrunt`gas by e veh`detkd jktogd usàc e wgrfàc gr rkikrkank steaderd toet `s trenkebhk tg e aet`gaeh steaderd. 9.2.>.2 Tok àstrujkat soehh oevk e veh`d tkst nkrtì`netk ead tok neh`bret`ga dete soehh ànhudk e tkjpkreturk w`toà tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk bead. 9.2.>.> Bkigrk ead eitkr keno skr`ks gi tksts tok tkjpkreturk rkngrdàc systkj soehh bk vkrì`kd by ngjper`sga w`to ea àdkpkadkat tkjpkreturk rkikrkank sgurnk et e tkjpkreturk w`toà tok d`sàiknt`ga tkjpkreturk bead.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd>

>4

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5

Tksts ga dggrs, àtkrhgnfs ead ieuht àd`net`gas

9.>.5

Nynhk stert àtkrhgnf

9.>.5.5 Jefk ea ettkjpt tg à`tètk ea gpkretàc nynhk bgto w`to tok dggr(s) gpka ead toka w`to tok dggr(s) nhgskd but uahgnfkd. Igr jenoàks w`to dgubhk dggrs jefk tok ettkjpt tg à`tètk e nynhk w`to keno dggr hkit uahgnfkd à tura ead w`to bgto dggrs uahgnfkd. 9.>.5.2 Ga jenoàks à wo`no tok dggr hgnfàc jknoea`sj `s eutgjet`nehhy ent`vetkd eitkr tok dggr `s nhgskd ead ea gpkretàc nynhk `s à`tètkd, tok dggr hgnfàc jknoea`sj soehh bk d`sebhkd igr tok purpgsks gi to`s tkst. 9.>.5.> Igr jenoàks agt i`ttkd w`to dggrs, eay cuerd gr àtkrhgnf àtkadkd tg oevk s`j`her kiiknt tg e dggr `.k. prkvkatàc ennkss tg tok noejbkr ead hged duràc tok gpkretàc nynhk, soehh bk tkstkd à e s`j`her jeaakr. 9.>.5.4 Noknf igr ngjphèank w`to ;.4.5.? by kstebh`soàc woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk tg à`tètk e nynhk w`to gak gr jgrk dggrs gpka. 9.>.2

Dggr hgnfàc duràc nynhk

Nhgsk ead hgnf tok dggr(s) ead stert tok gpkretàc nynhk. So`hk tok gpkretàc nynhk `s à prgcrkss, jefk ea ettkjpt tg uahgnf keno gi tok dggrs. Rkpgrt woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk tg uahgnf eay gi tok dggrs (skk ;.4.5.4). Soka prent`nebhk, tok àtkrhgnfs soguhd bk v`suehhy àspkntkd tg vkrìy kaceckjkat bkigrk ettkjptàc tg gpka tok dggr. 9.>.>

Dggr àtkrhgnfs ga dgubhk-kadkd SDs

9.>.>.5 Duràc e nynhk jefk ea ettkjpt tg gpka bgto tok hgedàc dggr ead uahgedàc dggr gi tok dgubhkkadkd SD. Bktwkka nynhks jefk ea ettkjpt tg gpka bgto hgedàc ead uahgedàc dggrs s`juhteakgushy. @aspknt tok gpkretgr ngatrghs tg kstebh`so woktokr k`tokr tok hgedàc gr uahgedàc dggr nea bk gpkretkd irgj tok gppgs`tk kad gi tok SD. Eitkr e set`sientgry gpkretàc nynhk<

⎧   duràc uahgedàc gbskrvk woktokr tok hgedàc dggr rkjeàs hgnfkd woka tok uahgedàc dggr `s uahgnfkd6 ⎧   duràc uahgedàc ead hgedàc gbskrvk woka tok àd`net`ga ‘nynhk ngjphktk‚ `s neankhhkd. 9.>.>.2 e)

Rkpgrt<

woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk<

⎧   tg gpka k`tokr tok uahgedàc dggr eitkr à`tèt`ga gi e nynhk bkigrk tok nynhk oed bkka ngjphktkd set`sientgr`hy (skk ;.4.>.5)6

⎧   igr bgto dggrs tg bk gpka s`juhteakgushy (skk ;.4.>.>)6 ⎧   igr ea gp gpkretgr kretgr et gak kad tg gpkretk tok dggr et tok gtokr kad (skk ;.4.>.>)6 b)

woktokr tok hgedàc dggr rkjeàs hgnfkd uat`h tok uahgedàc dggr wes hgnfkd (skk ;.4.>.;)6

n)

woktokr tok àd`net`ga ‘nynhk ngjphktk‚ wes neankhhkd woka tok uahgedàc dggr wes gpkakd (skk ;.4.>.;).

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.4

Nynhk ngjphktk dggr àtkrhgnfs

9.>.4.5

Duràc ea gpkretàc nynhk, jefk ea ettkjpt tg gpka tok dggr(s).

9.>.4.2

Rkpgrt woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk tg gpka tok dggr(s) bkigrk tok gpkretàc nynhk wes ngjphktkd.

9.>.4.> Rkpgrt woktokr tok nynhk ngjphktk àd`net`ga wes neankhhkd woka tok uahgedàc dggr wes gpkakd (skk ;.4.5.4, ;.4.>.5 ead ;.4.>.;). 9.>.; 9.>.;.5

Ieuht àd`net`ga ga skasgr ie`hurk ]ràn`phk

Keno skasgr prgv`dàc àigrjet`ga tg tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr `s d`sebhkd à tura tg kstebh`so toet e ieuht `s àd`netkd. 9.>.;.2

]rgnkdurk

Nerry gut tok tkstàc gi keno skasgr es ighhgws<

⎧   stert ea gpkretàc nynhk6 ⎧   duràc, gr b bkigrk, kigrk, tok steck gi tok nynhk et wo`no wo`no tok skasgr `s àtkadkd tg prgv`dk dete uskd tg d dktkrjàk ktkrjàk tok ngatrgh gi tok nynhk, d`sebhk tok skasgr. Tkst keno skasgr à bgto ‘gpka n`rnu`t‚ ead ‘sogrt n`rnu`t‚ ie`hurk jgdks. 9.>.;.>

Rksuhts

Rkpgrt woktokr e ieuht wes àd`netkd duràc gr et tok kad gi tok nynhk (skk ;.4.5.;). Rkpgrt woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk tg gpka tok dggr ga e sàchk-kadkd SD gr tok uahgedàc dggr gi e dgubhk-kadkd SD (skk ;.4.5.; ead ;.4.>.2). 9.>.9 9.>.9.5

Ieuht àd`net`ga ga skrv`nk ie`hurk ]rgnkdurk

^tert ea gpkretàc nynhk. Duràc, gr bkigrk, tok steck gi tok gpkretàc nynhk et wo`no tok skrv`nk `s rkqu`rkd, àtkrrupt tok skrv`nk supphy. Nerry gut tok tkst igr keno skrv`nk rkqu`rkd by tok SD. 9.>.9.2

Rksuhts

Rkpgrt woktokr e ieuht wes àd`netkd (skk ;.4.5.; ead ;.5?.54). 9.>.3 9.>.3.5

Ie`hkd nynhk àtkrhgnf Ckakreh

To`s tkst `s àtkadkd tg vkrìy toet tok àtkrhgnf prgv`dkd tg prkvkat ea gpkretgr irgj rkjgvàc e hged à tok agrjeh jeaakr et tok kad gi e nynhk toet ie`hkd `s iuant`gaàc. 9.>.3.2

]rgnkdurk

Duràc ea gpkretàc nynhk `jpe`r tok gpkret`ga gi tok SD suii`n`kathy tg neusk e nynhk ie`hurk.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd;

>9

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5.3.>

Rksuhts

Rkpgrt woktokr e ‘ieuht‚ wes àd`netkd. Rkpgrt woktokr `t wes pgss`bhk tg gpka tok uahgedàc dggr (ì i`ttkd), ead ì `t wes pgss`bhk tg gpka tok hgedàc ead/gr uahgedàc dggr gahy by jkeas gi e spknèh fky, ngdk gr tggh (skk ;.4.5.;, ;.4.5.9 ead ;.4.>.2). 9.>.?

Bhgnfkd dreà prgtknt`ga

9.>.?.5

Ckakreh

To`s tkst `s àtkadkd tg vkrìy toet tok àtkrhgnf prgv`dkd tg prkvkat tok dggr bkàc gpkakd ì ga ngjphkt`ga gi ea gpkretàc nynhk tok wetkr hkvkh w`toà tok noejbkr rkjeàs ebgvk tok hgwkst pgàt gi tok noejbkr dggr skeh (skk ;.2;.2) `s iuant`gaàc. 9.>.?.2

]rgnkdurk

Bhgnf tok dreà tg prkvkat d`snoerck gi wetkr irgj tok noejbkr gi tok SD. Nhgsk tok dggr ead stert tok gpkretàc nynhk. Ga ngjphkt`ga gi tok gpkretàc nynhk, ettkjpt tg gpka tok dggr usàc tok agrjeh dggr rkhkesk prgnkdurk. @i tok dggr gpkas ead tok hkvkh gi tok rkteàkd wetkr `s bkhgw tok dggr skeh nhgsk tok dggr ead stert eagtokr gpkretàc nynhk. Rkpket tok gpkretàc nynhk es jeay t`jks es aknkssery igr k`tokr tok wetkr hkvkh et tok kad gi tok nynhk tg bk ebgvk tok hkvkh gi tok dggr skeh gr igr e ieuht tg bk àd`netkd. Igr SDs w`togut skehkd dggrs, tok gpkretàc nynhks soguhd bk rkpketkd uat`h k`tokr wetkr oes sp`hhkd irgj tok jenoàk gr e ieuht oes bkka àd`netkd. 9.>.?.>

Rksuhts

Rkpgrt woktokr e ieuht wes àd`netkd bkigrk tok wetkr hkvkh rkenokd tok hkvkh gi tok dggr skeh ead woktokr tok dggr nguhd bk gpkakd usàc tok agrjeh rkhkesk prgnkdurk. Igr SDs w`togut skehkd dggrs, rkpgrt woktokr e ieuht wes àd`netkd bkigrk wetkr sp`hhkd irgj tok jenoàk, woktokr tok gpkretàc nynhk wes stgppkd prkvkatàc iurtokr àihgw gi wetkr ead woktokr e tggh, fky gr ngdk wes rkqu`rkd tg rkstert tok jenoàk.

9.4

Tksts ga wetkr queh`ty ead wetkr vghujk

9.4.5

Ckakreh

Soka spknì`kd à subskqukat perts gi @^G 5;??>, gr rkqu`rkd by tok SD jeauienturkr (skk ;.2>.>), tok tksts dksnr`bkd à 9.4.2 tg 9.4.4 soehh bk epph`kd. Toksk tksts nea ehsg bk uskd igr à`tèh esskssjkat gi tok eve`hebhk wetkr supphy. 9.4.2 9.4.2.5

Uueh`ty gi iàeh ràsk wetkr êjphàc

Tok sejphk soehhw`toà bk tefka irgjoketkd tok supphy hàk es nhgsk prent`nebhk tg tok SD. Soka tok SD, ràsksejphks wetkr `s stgrkd à e teaf tok SD, à e nehgrì`kr à tokesSD gr gtokrw`sk trketkd w`toà tok soehh ehsg bk tefka irgj tok d`snoerck pgàt àtg tok noejbkr. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5)6 ⎧   tgteh d`ssghvkd sgh`ds (TD^) dktkrjàkd es kvepgret`vk rks`duk6 ⎧   àgrcea`n pogspoetk V]`Z ead àgrcea`n s`h`netk V^`G2Z, dktkrjàkd es tok jghybdetk rkent`vk spkn`ks6 ⎧   nohgr`dk VNh−Z.

9.4.2.>

Tksts igr bentkrèh kadgtgxàs

@i e rkqu`rkjkat igr tok hkvkh gi bentkrèh kadgtgxàs à tok iàeh ràsk wetkr `s c`vka à gtokr perts gi @^G 5;??>, dktkrjàk tok hkvkh by tok h`juhus ejgkbgnytk @ysetk (HEH) tkst w`to e skas`t`v`ty gi =,2; K[/jh, gr bkttkr, usàc tok jktogd c`vka à tok Kurgpkea ]oerjengpkè (K]) gr [a`tkd ^tetks ]oerjengpkè ([^]). 9.4.2.4

Tksts igr j`nrgbèh queh`ty

Jefk e tgteh vèbhk nguat by jkjbreak i`htret`ga gi agt hkss toea 5== jh iàeh ràsk wetkr sejphk. ]henk tok i`htkr ga R2 E-jkdùj à enngrdeank w`to Eaakx D, gr gtokr su`tebhk hgw autr`kat jkdùj ead ànubetk et 2? ½N tg >2 ½N igr e jà`juj gi ; deys tg dktkrjàk tok ekrgb`n jksgpo`hh`n vèbhk nguat. Gtokr jktogds, ànhudàc rep`d jktogds suno es ET] b`ghujàksnkank, toet oevk bkka veh`detkd tg bk et hkest kqu`vehkat tg tok ebgvk jktogd à tkrjs gi bgto spknì`n`ty ead skas`t`v`ty nea ehsg bk uskd. 9.4.>

Uueh`ty gi wetkr uskd duràc tkstàc

]r`gr tg nerryàc gut gpkret`gaeh quehì`net`ga ead pkrigrjeank quehì`net`ga tkstàc, dktkrjàk tok queh`ty gi wetkr uskd et keno steck gi tok gpkretàc nynhk gtokr toea tok iàeh ràsk (skk ehsg 9.4.2). Tksts igr nokj`neh pur`ty soehh ànhudk tksts igr togsk dktkrjàeats fagwa tg àihukank tok kii`neny gi tok prgnkss. AGTK

To`s nea ànhudk, but `s agt h`j`tkd tg, tksts tg dktkrjàk tok vehuk gi tok ighhgwàc<

⎧   ngadunt`v`ty6 ⎧   pO6 ⎧   gx`d`zebhk substeanks substeanks Vdktkrj Vdktkrjàkd àkd by tok K Kurgpkea urgpkea ]oerjengpgkè (K]) jktogd gr es rkdgx pgtkatèh dktkrjàkd by tok [a`tkd ^tetks ]oerjengpgkè ([^]) jktogdZ6

⎧   tgteh oerdakss (sehts gi Ne2+, Jc2+, ^r 2+ kxprksskd es jjgh NeNG>)6 ⎧   tgteh d`ssghvkd sgh`ds (TD^) dktkrjàkd es kvepgret`vk rks`duk.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd3

>?

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5

]rgnkdurk

Ihuso tok p`pkwgrf gi tok SD wo`no `s fagwa tg bk dry (k`tokr ighhgwàc d`sesskjbhy ead rk-esskjbhy gr purcàc w`to ngjprksskd e`r igr ag hkss toea >= jà) w`to e fagwa vghujk gi wetkr (s`juhetàc tok ihgw toet wguhd gnnur à agrjeh usk). Tok vghujk gi wetkr ihusokd torguco tok systkj soguhd bk tw`nk toet dktkrjàkd es tok vghujk uskd pkr gpkretàc nynhk (skk 9.4.4). Jkesurk tok vghujk gi wetkr d`snoerckd ead tok dked vghujk, kst`jetkd es tok vghujk rkteàkd, nehnuhetkd irgj tok dìikrkank bktwkka tok twg vehuks. Soka tok SD oes twg gr jgrk p`pkwgrf systkjs wo`no erk kat`rkhy skperetk k.c. igr ihusoàc wetkr, weso wetkr, ràsk wetkr, nokj`neh d`sàiknteat sghut`ga, keno systkj jey bk tkstkd skperetkhy. 9.;.5.4

Rksuhts

Rkpgrt woktokr tok vghujk gi rkteàkd wetkr wes kqueh tg gr hkss toea tok jex`juj rkteàkd vghujk stetkd by tok jeauienturkr (skk ;.;.5.>). 9.;.2

Irkk dreààc gi noejbkr ead hged nerr`krs

Et tok kad gi e agrjeh agrj eh gpkretàc nynhk àspknt tok noejbkr ead hged nerr`krs igr kv`dkank gi pgghs gi rkteàkd wetkr.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5

Noejbkr hkef t`cotakss

I`hh tok noejbkr ngateààc e hged nerr`kr ead e tkst hged kqueh tg tok jex`juj vghujk toet nguhd bk enngjjgdetkd w`to e vghujk gi wetkr kqu`vehkat tg tok jex`juj vghujk gi wetkr uskd igr eay steck gi tok nynhk. @aspknt tok SD igr hkefeck. 9.;.4 9.;.4.5

Irkk dreààc (teafs, noejbkr, hged nerr`krs) Ckakreh

Tok ighhgwàc noknfs soehh bk nerr`kd gut tg vkrìy toet, es dks`cakd, bu`ht ead àstehhkd, tok SD w`hh kiiknt`vkhy d`snoerck ehh tok wetkr irgj tok systkj. 9.;.4.2

Irkk dreààc gi noejbkr ead hged nerr`krs

Et tok kad gi ea gpkretàc gpkret àc nynhk, n ynhk, ebgrtkd bkigrk tok ngjjkankjkat gi eay dryàc steck, v`suehhy àspknt tok noejbkr ead hged nerr`krs igr pgghs gi rkteàkd wetkr. Drgphkts ga vkrt`neh ead shgpàc surienks toet shgwhy ngehksnk ead dreà ewey erk agt ngas`dkrkd tg bk rkteàkd wetkr. 9.;.4.>

Irkk dreààc gi teafs

I`hh ehh teafs ead rkskrvg`rs igr wetkr ead equkgus sghut`gas w`to wetkr tg tok jex`juj hkvkh rkqu`rkd igr agrjeh gpkret`ga ead toka ehhgw tokj tg dreà. @aspknt tok teafs igr kv`dkank gi pgghs gi rkteàkd wetkr. 9.;.;

]`pkwgrf ihgw tg d`snoerck pgàt

Y`suehhy àspknt ehh p`pkwgrf tg dktkrjàk woktokr tok shgpk (`.k. tok eachk jedk w`to tok ogr`zgateh) `s suno toet eay ngateàkd h`qu`d w`hh tkad tg dreà tgwerds tok d`snoerck pgàt. Soka aknkssery, usk e sp`r`t hkvkh tg dktkrjàk woktokr tok shgpk `s à tok rkqu`rkd d`rknt`ga. 9.;.9 9.;.9.5

Ykatàc Kqu`pjkat

]rkssurk ceuck (ì tok SD noejbkr `s agt ehrkedy kqu`ppkd w`to e prkssurk ceuck à e fagwa stetk gi neh`bret`ga). 9.;.9.2

]rgnkdurk

Nhgsk ead skeh tok noejbkr gi tok SD à tok jeaakr spknì`kd by tok jeauienturkr ead stert ea gpkretàc nynhk. Gvkrr`dk tok eutgjet`n ngatrghhkr tg ehhgw tok ngatàugus edj`ss`ga gi stkej tg tok noejbkr. Gbskrvk wokrk stkej `s vkatkd. Agtk tok jex`juj vehuk gbteàkd ga tok prkssurk ceuck. 9.;.9.>

Rksuhts

Noknf igr ngjphèank w`to ;.?.4 ead ;.24.2.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd0

4=

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5.> êjphàc N.>.>.5 N.>.>.5.5

êjphàc usàc tok sweb jktogd Ckakreh

Tok sweb jktogd `s uskd tg dktkrjàk tok prkskank gi prgtkà ga e prk-dktkrjàkd sejphàc surienk erke but ehsg ga prk-dktkrjàkd sjehh surienks, suno es tok lgàt gi ea àstrujkat. N.>.>.5.2

]rgnkdurk

^web e dkiàkd surienk erke gi tok àstrujkat tg bk tkstkd. Tefk nerk toet tok sweb dgks agt rkent w`to eay gi tok rkeckats, agr ào`b`t tok rkent`ga by usàc e suppgskd prgtkà-irkk sweb ead e bgvàk skruj ehbujà ngatejàetkd sweb igr eaehyt`neh tkst prgnkdurk. Tok s`zk gi tok surienk soguhd bk ebgut 5= nj 2. @i aknkssery, gtokr su`tebhk s`zks nea bk nogska. @i tok surienk `s dry, jg`stka tok sweb w`to e drgp gi `sgprgpeagh gr 5 % ^D^ sghut`ga bkigrk usk. Toka sweb tok surienk tw`nk à bgto d`rknt`gas, ead treasikr tok sweb tg e tkst tubk. N.>.>.2 N.>.>.2.5

êjphàc usàc tok ràsk jktogd Ckakreh

Tok ràsk jktogd `s uskd tg dktkrjàk tok prkskank gi prgtkà rks`duks ga ea kat`rk gblknt, k.c. e surc`neh àstrujkat. @t neaagt pà-pgàt tok pgs`t`ga gi pgss`bhk prgtkà rks`duks but ehhgws bkttkr ennkss tg tok hujkas gi sjehh àstrujkats ead tg àstrujkat lgàts.

5) û`tebhk nokj`nehs erk erk eve`hebhk ngjjkr ngjjkrnèhhy nèhhy irgj J Jkrnf krnf ead Ehdr`no. To`s ài àigrjet`ga grjet`ga `s c`vka igr tok ngavka`kank gi uskrs gi to`s pert gi @^G 5;??> ead dgks agt ngast`tutk ea kadgrskjkat by @^G gi toksk prgdunt(s). Kqu`vehkat prgdunts jey bk uskd ì toky nea bk sogwa tg hked tg tok sejk rksuhts. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd 5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd-5-5.>.2.2

]rgnkdurk

]ut tok gblknt àtg e prgtkà-irkk pghyktoyhkak bec ngateààc ; jh gr 5= jh gi 5 % ^D^ sghut`ga dkpkadàc upga tok s`zk gi tok àstrujkat tg gbteà kaguco khuetk igr tok tkst prgnkdurk. Nerry gut khutrèt`ga by t`htàc tok pghyktoyhkak bec benf ead igrto igr 5= jà tg >= jà. Toka, p`pkttk 5 jh gi tok sghut`ga àtg e tkst tubk.

N.>.4 Tkst prgnkdurk Edd 5jh ehfehàk gi sghut`ga E ead 2 drgps drg ps gi sghut`ga B tg tok tkst tubk (skk N.>.>.5.2 gr N.>.>.2.2). Edlust tok pO tg 55,2;, ì dkvètàc, by usk gi sgh`d sgdùj oydrgcka nerbgaetk. ôefk tok tkst tubk ckathy. Eitkr ànubet`ga igr >= jà et >3 ½N, agtk eay noeack à nghgur et dkiàkd àtkrvehs. AGTK 5

Tkst rksuhts erk uarkhèbhk ì rrkedàcs kedàcs erk agt tefka et dkiàkd àtkrvehs.

Ea àtkask purphk nghgret`ga nghgret `ga àd`netks e s`caì`neat prgtkà rks`duk, r ks`duk, ea epphk crkka nghgur àd`netks e prgtkàirkk sejphk. Tok nghgur noeack irgj crkka gvkr crky tg purphk `s à tok reack gi >= »c tg ;= »c kqu`vehkat bgvàk skruj ehbujà pkr jh 5 % ^D^ sghut`ga. @t `s rkngjjkadkd tg usk epprgprètk ngankatret`gas gi bgvàk skruj ehbuj ehbujàk àk à 5 % ^D^ sghut`ga gr d`st`hhkd wetkr es nghgur rkikrkank sejphks. 5= jc bgvàk ehbujà (irent`ga Y) erk d`ssghvkd à 5== jh 5 % ^D^ tg c`vk e ngankatret`ga gi 5== »c/jh ead ea àtkask purphk nghgur. Gtokr ngankatret`gas j jey ey bk prkperkd by d`hut`ga. AGTK 2 Rks`duks ngateààc dkaeturkd prgtkà w`hh agt aknks aknksser`hy ser`hy bk dktkntkd bkneusk toky j j`cot `cot agt bk d`ssghv d`ssghvkd kd tgtehhy by tok sghut`ga. AGTK > Tok tkst neaagt bk uskd ga e nghgurkd sghut`ga, k.c. e sghut`ga steàkd w w`to `to bhggd gr oekjgchgbà. But à to`s nesk ngatejàet`ga `s v`s`bhk. AGTK 4

Tok ska skas`t`v`ty s`t`v`ty gi tok bùrkt/BN bùrkt/BNE E tkst jktogd `s ehtkrkd by tok prkskank gi sen sennoergsk noergsk ngateàkd à junus.

N.>.; Ennkpteank nr`tkrè Soka tkstkd à enngrdeank w`to N.>.4, tok nghgur soehh rkjeà epphk crkka.

N.>.9 êikty espknts N.>.9.5

êik oeadhàc gi nokj`nehs

Tok àigrjet`ga prgv`dkd by tok jeauienturkr gi nokj`nehs, igr kxejphk à tok êikty Dete ôkkt, soehh bk epph`kd ead tok epprgprètk pkrsgaeh prgtknt`vk kqu`pjkat wgra. N.>.9.2

D`spgseh

Ehh nokj`nehs nea bk d`spgskd gi es aga-r`sf westk. N.>.9.>

ûrrguadàcs

Eay sp`hhs gatg tok surrguadàcs, k.c. ga tok tebhk, nea bk w`pkd up w`to e d`spgsebhk nhgto. N.>.9.4

Tkstkd àstrujkats gr gblknts

Tok tkstkd àstrujkats gr gblknts nea bk prgnksskd eceà à e wesokr-d`sàikntgr. Herckr stet`gaery surienks nea bk nhkeakd ead d`sàikntkd w`to e nhgto by oead. H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j

@^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5= 52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< 52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< 2=52 =5 23 ^àchk uskr h`nkank gahy, ngpyàc ead aktwgrfàc prgo`b`tkd

93

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5= c

⎧   F2O]G4

=,>= c

⎧   Jc^G4

=,=24 c

⎧   Ecer

5;,== c

⎧   ]urì`kd wetkr

5 ===,== jh

D.2 ]rkperet`ga Edlust tok pO sg toet eitkr stkr`h`zet`ga `t `s pO 3,2 w`to nrystehhàk F2O]G4 gr FO2]G4 bkigrk eddàc ecer. Edd ecer, oket jkdùj tg bg`hàc tg d`ssghvk ecer, ead eutgnhevk igr i gr 5; jà et 525 ½N.

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j

52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< 2=52 =5 23 @^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5= 52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< ^àchk uskr h`nkank gahy, ngpyàc ead aktwgrfàc prgo`b`tkd

9?

© @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-53-5, ^tkr`h`zet`ga gi jkd`neh dkv`nks — J`nrgb`ghgc`neh jktogds — ]ert 5< Dktkrjàet`ga gi e pgpuhet`ga gi j`nrggrcea`sjs ga prgdunts

V;Z

@^G 553>3-2, ^tkr`h`zet`ga gi jkd`neh dkv`nks — J`nrgb`ghgc`neh jktogds — ]ert 2< Tksts gi stkr`h`ty pkrigrjkd à tok veh`det`ga gi e stkr`h`zet`ga prgnkss

V9Z

@^G 5>4?;, Jkd`neh dkv`nks — Uueh`ty jeaeckjkat systkjs — Rkqu`rkjkats igr rkcuhetgry

purpgsks V3Z

@^G 5490?-5, Nhkearggjs ead essgnètkd ngatrghhkd kav`rgajkats — B`gngatejàet`ga ngatrgh — ]ert 5< Ckakreh pràn`phks ead jktogds

V?Z

@^G/T^ 555>0, ^tkr`h`zet`ga gi okehto nerk prgdunts — Ygnebuhery

V0Z

@KN 9==3>, Bes`n ead seikty pràn`phks igr jea-jenoàk àtkrienk, jerfàc ead `dkatì`net`ga — Ngdàc pràn`phks igr àd`netgrs ead entuetgrs

V5=Z

KA 2?;/42/KKN, Nguan`h D`rknt`vk gi 54 Luak 500> ngankraàc jkd`neh dkv`nks

V5?Z

SOG „ Cu`dkhàks igr dràfàc-wetkr queh`ty 5009

V50Z

DK BR[@LA, E.N.]., GR\KNOGS^F@, T.L.O., S E^^KAE E^^KAEER ER, N. Yeh`det`ga ga tok Aàoydrà ^web Tkst tg jga`tgr nhkeaàc gi jkd`neh àstrujkats. \katr. ^tkr`h. 0, 2==5, pp. 242-243

V2=Z

J@NOKH^, S., IR@^TKR, O., ] EOHFK, O., IKRP, R. Tkstàc tok nhkeaàc pkrigrjeank gi eutgjetkd dkngatejàet`ga prgnkssks igr jà`jehhy àves`vk àstrujkats. Oyc. Jkd . 25 25,, 5009, pp. >24->>=

V25Z

IR@^TKR, O., JK@^KH, O., ^NOH@JJK, K. G]E-jktogd jgdì`kd by usk gi A,A -d`jktoyh-2-d`jktoyh-2jkrneptgktoyhejjgaùj-nohgr`dk es to`gh ngjpguad. Irkskaùs \ Eaeh Nokj. >>= >>=,, 50??, pp 9>5-9>> H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j

@^G ^tgrk grdkr #< 5= 52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< 52;=350/Dgwahgedkd< 2=52 =5 23 ^àchk uskr h`nkank gahy, ngpyàc ead aktwgrfàc prgo`b`tkd © @^G 2==9 „ Ehh r`cots rkskrvkd rkskrvkd

@^G 5;??>-5-5Z

J ET^[Ô@TE, J., @R@AG, T., NGJGDE, T., ^ EFEC@Ô@, P. Dktkrjàet`ga gi prgtkàs by e rkvkrsk bùrkt jktogd ngjbàkd w`to tok ngppkr-betognuprgàk nokhetk rkent`ga. Nhà`ne No`j`ne Ente , 259 259,, 500>, pp. 5=>-555

V24Z

^@^ - TR >

V23Z

R`nothà`k dks Buadkscksuadok`tsejtks zur ]røiuac vga tokrj`snoka Dksàikft`gasvkrieorka à Rkà`cuacseutgjetka. Buadkscksuadok`tsbhett , 2> 2>,, 50?=, pp. >94->93

V2?Z

Uueh`tätss`nokruac vga Rkà`cuacs- uad Dksàikft`gasprgzksska, Eaigrdkruacka, ]røijktogdka, Dgfujkatet`ga, Bkzucsqukhhka, Okreusckbkràaka. N. Oùhhkr, ^. Frøckr, O. Jertày uad R. \snoehkr, Bkor's Ykrhec Oejburc, 2==>

V20Z

Øbkrprøiuac vga Rkà`cuacs-Dksàikft`gaseutgjetka `j preft`snoka Bktr`kb . Bkor's Ykrhec, Oejburc 5004

V>=Z

D@A ;?0;;->, Dkfgatejàet`gaseahecka `j Bkrk`no dkr Jkd`zà — Tk`h >< ]røiuac eui S`rfsejfk`t .

V>5Z

D@A 5=;5=, Hkbkasj`ttkhoyc`kak- Ckwkrbh`noks Cksno`rrspøhka j`t Jkorteaf-Treaspgrtcksno`rrspøhjesnoàka — Oyc`ka`snok Eaigrdkruacka, Ykrieorkasprøiuac

V>2Z

]røiuac uad Bkwkrtuac dkr Rkà`cuacs uad Dksàikft`gasw`rfuac vga Kadgsfgp-Dkfgatejàet`gassgw`k Dksàikft`gaseutgjetka. Oyc`kak uad Jkd`zà, 2= 2=,, 500;, pp. 4=-43

V>>Z

Tkstàc ead kvehuetàc tok nhkeaàc ead d`sàiknt`ga kii`neny gi wesokr-d`sàikntgrs ead d`sàiknt`ga eutgjets. Oyc. Jkd ..,, 2=, 2=, 500;, 500;, pp. 4=-43, Oyc`kak uad Jkd`zà, 29, 2==5, p. ;24

V>4Z

Okehto Tknoa`neh Jkjgreaduj 2=>=. Sesokr-d`sàikntgrs — Yeh`det`ga ead vkrì`net`ga. Tok ^tet`gakry Gii`nk, Hgadga. 5003, @^BA =-55->22=35-;

V>;Z

B^ 234;-2, Sesokr d`sàikntgrs igr jkd`neh purpgsks ]ert 2< Oujea westk ngateàkr wesokr d`sàikntgrs

V>9Z

Sesokr-d`sàikntgrs igr jkd`neh purpgsks ]ert >< ^pknì`net`ga igr wesokrd`sàikntgrs kxnkpt togsk uskd igr prgnkssàc oujea-westk ngateàkrs ead heuadry

V>3Z

]@AKE[, H., RGU[K^, N., H[K, L., J@NOKH, C. Eutgjet`n SD S D igr ihkx`bhk kadgsngpks — E akw vehuet`ga prgnkss kadgsngpy . 50036 20 20,, pp. >32->33

V>?Z

FGHHKR, S. Nhkeaàc ead D`sàiknt`ga gi nrgnfkry ead nuthkry, àstrujkats ead ngateàkrs igr kxnrkte à ogsp`tehs. Ykrhec Cùsnoh. S`ka, 50?5

V>0Z

E^TJ K2>54, ^teaderd tkst jktogd igr dktkrjàet`ga gi kiiknt`vkakss gi nhkeaàc prgnkssks igr rkusebhk jkd`neh àstrujkats usàc e j`nrgb`ghgc`n jktogd (s`juhetkd usk tkst). ]o`hedkhpoè< E^TJ @atkraet`gaeh, 2==>

B^ 234;->,

H`nkaskd tg @CJKTRG / Jr. Lgequ`j

90

5=-52;=350/Dgwahgedkd

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