INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 1101 Third edition 2012-04-15
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Tolérancement géométrique — Tolérancement de forme, orientation, position et battement 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Reference number ISO 1101:2012(E)
© ISO 2012
ISO 1101:2012(E)
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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[email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... v 1
Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
2
Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 1
3
Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 2
4
Basic concepts ...................................................................................................................................... 4
5
Symbols .................................................................................................................................................. 5
6
Tolerance frame ..................................................................................................................................... 7
7
Toleranced features .............................................................................................................................. 8
8
Tolerance zones .................................................................................................................................. 10
9
Datums.................................................................................................................................................. 16
10
Supplementary indications ................................................................................................................ 19
11
Theoretically exact dimensions (TED) .............................................................................................. 25
12
. Restrictive specifications ................................................................................................................... 25 27 ed
13
2- h Projected tolerance zone .................................................................................................................... 27 h 01 pro
14 15 16 17 18 Annex
- t 05 ibi
a 2 ep d: king s e Free state condition ............................................................................................................................ 30 vy ad or Na nlo netw o ow d t Interrelationship of geometrical tolerances...................................................................................... 30 I IR 7D an IS /64 ing y b /4 y Intersection planes .............................................................................................................................. 30 d /2 op se :25 y, c n l Orientation planes ............................................................................................................................... 33 ce R n Li BE e o M c n U e Definitions of geometrical# Ntolerances ............................................................................................... 35 lic r r de -use r A (informative) FormerOpractices ......................................................................................................... 92 le ng Si
Annex B (normative) Assessment of geometrical deviations ...................................................................... 95 Annex C (normative) Relations and dimensions of graphical symbols ...................................................... 99 Annex D (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model ........................................................................... 101 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................... 103
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1101 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1101:2004) and ISO 10578:1992. Representations of specifications in the form of a 3D model have been 2added. 7 d. - te 05 ibi 2- roh 1 ah 20 p ep d: king s e vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Introduction This International Standard is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences chain links 1, 2 and 3 of the chain of standards on form, orientation, location and run out, and chain link 1 of the chain of standards on datums. The ISO GPS Masterplan given in ISO/TR 14638 gives an overview of the ISO GPS system of which this document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document. The default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document, unless otherwise stated. For more detailed information on the relation of this International Standard to the GPS matrix model, see Annex D. This International Standard represents the initial basis and describes the required fundamentals for geometrical tolerancing. Nevertheless, it is advisable to consult the separate standards referenced in Clause 2 and in Table 2 for more detailed information. For the presentation of lettering (proportions and dimensions), see ISO 3098-2. All figures in this International Standard for the 2D drawing indications have been drawn in first-angle projection with dimensions and tolerances in millimetres. It should be understood that third-angle projection and other units of measurement could have been used equally 7 . well without prejudice to the principles -2 ited established. For all figures giving tolerancing examples in 3D, 05the ib dimensions and tolerances are the same as h 2 h 01 pro for the similar figures shown in 2D. pa : 2 g
se ed kin vy oad wor a l N the et n text The figures in this International Standard illustrate and are not intended to reflect an actual application. to ow d n I R 7D an Consequently, the figures are not fully dimensioned and toleranced, showing only the relevant general I IS /64 ng principles. Neither are the figures intended by 2/4topyiimply a particular display requirement in terms of whether ed 5/ co are shown or not shown. Many figures have lines or details hidden detail, tangent lines or other annotations ns R:2 ly, e c on assist with the illustration of the text. removed for clarity, or added or extended Li BE eto M c n NUlice r # er e For a definitive presentation (proportions and dimensions) of the symbolization for geometrical tolerancing, d us Or lesee ISO 7083. ng i S
Annex A of this International Standard has been provided for information only. It presents previous drawing indications that have been omitted here and are no longer used. It needs to be noted that the former use of the term “circularity” has been changed to the term “roundness” for reasons of consistency with other standards. Definitions of features are taken from ISO 14660-1 and ISO 14660-2, which provide new terms different from those used in previous edition of this International Standard. The former terms are indicated in the text following the new terms, between parentheses. For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms “axis” and “median plane” are used for derived features of perfect form, and the terms “median line” and “median surface” for derived features of imperfect form. Furthermore, the following line types have been used in the explanatory illustrations, i.e. those representing non-technical drawings for which the rules of ISO 128 (all parts) apply.
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Feature level Nominal feature (ideal feature)
Feature type
Details
integral feature
point line/axis surface/plane
derived feature
point line/axis face/plane surface
Line type Visible
Behind plane/surface
wide continuous
narrow dashed
narrow long dashed dotted
narrow dashed dotted
wide freehand continuous
narrow freehand dashed
wide short dashed
narrow short dashed
wide dotted
narrow dotted
Real feature
integral feature
Extracted feature
integral surface
point line surface
derived feature
point line face
integral feature
point straight line ideal feature
wide doubled-dashed double-dotted
narrow double-dashed double-dotted
derived feature
point straight line plane
narrow long dashed double-dotted
wide dashed double-dotted
datum
point line surface/plane
wide long dashed double-short dashed
narrow long dashed double-short dashed
Associated feature
Tolerance zone limits, tolerances planes Section, illustration plane, drawing plane, aid plane Extension, dimension, leader and reference lines
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7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 ro narrow h 01 pcontinuous pa : 2 ng e d i s e rk line surface avyload two N n ne narrow long dashed to ow d short dashed RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi linesed:25/ , co n ly ce R n continuous narrow Li BE e o M nc U e N lic r# r de -use r O le ng Si
line surface
narrow dashed narrow dashed short dashed
narrow dashed
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out IMPORTANT — The illustrations included in this International Standard are intended to illustrate the text and/or to provide examples of the related technical drawing specification; these illustrations are not fully dimensioned and toleranced, showing only the relevant general principles. As a consequence, the illustrations are not a representation of a complete workpiece, and are not of a quality that is required for use in industry (in terms of full conformity with the standards prepared by ISO/TC 10 and ISO/TC 213), and as such are not suitable for projection for teaching purposes.
1
Scope
This International Standard contains basic information and gives requirements for the geometrical tolerancing of workpieces. It represents the initial basis and defines the fundamentals for geometrical tolerancing.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi NOTE Other International Standards referenced in Clause 22 and in Table 2 provide more detailed information on h 01 pro pa : 2 ng geometrical tolerancing. e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw o I t ow d IR 47D an S I 2 Normative references /6 ng by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e c E on indispensable for the application of this document. For dated The following referenced documents Li Bare e UMenc references, only the edition cited Napplies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced c i l r # er applies. document (including any amendments) e d us Or leng i S ISO 128-24:1999, Technical drawings — General principles of presentation — Part 24: Lines on mechanical
engineering drawings ISO 1660:1987, Technical drawings — Dimensioning and tolerancing of profiles ISO 2692:2006, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Maximum material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR) ISO 5458:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Positional tolerancing ISO 5459:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and datum systems ISO 8015:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Fundamentals — Concepts, principles and rules ISO 10579:2010, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Non-rigid parts ISO 12180-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Cylindricity — Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of cylindrical form
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
ISO 12180-2:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Cylindricity — Part 2: Specification operators ISO 12181-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Roundness — Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of roundness ISO 12181-2:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Roundness — Part 2: Specification operators ISO 12780-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Straightness — Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of straightness ISO 12780-2:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Straightness — Part 2: Specification operators ISO 12781-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Flatness — Part 1: Vocabulary and parameters of flatness ISO 12781-2:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Flatness — Part 2: Specification operators ISO 14660-1:1999, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 1: General terms and definitions ISO 14660-2:1999, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical features — Part 2: Extracted median line of a cylinder and a cone, extracted median surface, local size of an extracted feature ISO 17450-2:— 1 , Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 2: Basic tenets, specifications, operators and uncertainties 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 3 Terms and definitions h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad wor t For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 14660-1 and ISO 14660-2 and the Na nlo negiven to ow d I following apply. R 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co 3.1 ns R:2 ly, e n c tolerance zone Li BE e o M c n perfect lines or surfaces, and characterized by a linear space limited by one or several geometrically NUlice r # er dimension, called a tolerance e d us Or leng i S NOTE See also 4.4.
3.2 intersection plane plane, established from an extracted feature of the workpiece, identifying a line on an extracted surface (integral or median) or a point on an extracted line NOTE
The use of intersection planes makes it possible to define toleranced features independent of the view.
3.3 orientation plane plane, established from an extracted feature of the workpiece, identifying the orientation of the tolerance zone NOTE 1 For a derived feature, the use of an orientation plane makes it possible to define the direction of the width of the tolerance zone independent of the TEDs (case of location) or of the datum (case of orientation). NOTE 2 The orientation plane is only used when the toleranced feature is a median feature (centre point, median straight line) and the tolerance zone is defined by two parallel straight lines or two parallel planes.
1
2
To be published. (Revision of ISO/TS 17450-2:2002)
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
3.4 direction feature feature, established from an extracted feature of the workpiece, identifying the direction of the width of the tolerance zone NOTE 1
The direction feature can be a plane, a cylinder or a cone.
NOTE 2 For a line in a surface, the use of a direction feature makes it possible to change the direction of the width of the tolerance zone. NOTE 3 The direction feature is used on a complex surface or a complex profile when the direction of the tolerance value is not normal to the specified geometry. NOTE 4 By default, the direction feature is a cone, a cylinder or a plane constructed from the datum or datum system indicated in the second compartment of the direction feature indicator. The geometry of the direction feature depends on the geometry of the toleranced feature.
3.5 compound contiguous feature feature composed of several single features joined together without gaps NOTE 1
A compound contiguous feature can be closed or not.
NOTE 2 A non-closed compound contiguous feature can be defined by the way of using the “between” symbol (see 10.1.4). NOTE 3 A closed compound contiguous feature can be defined by the way of using the “all around” symbol (see 10.1.2). In this case, it is a set of single features whose intersection with any plane parallel to a collection plane is a line or a point. 7 . -2 ited
05 ib 3.6 2- h h 01 pro a 2 collection plane ep d: ing y sade ork defining a closed compound contiguous feature plane, established from a nominal feature on the workpiece, v a w N nlo et to ow d n I R D an “all around” symbol is applied. NOTE The collection plane may be required Iwhen SI 647 ngthe / by 2/4 pyi d 5/ co e 3.7 ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o theoretically exact dimension M nc NUlice TED # r r e dimension indicated on technical documentation, which is not affected de product us Or leg tolerance n i S
by an individual or general
NOTE 1 TED.
For the purpose of this International Standard, the term “theoretically exact dimension” has been abbreviated
NOTE 2
A theoretically exact dimension is a dimension used in operations (e.g. association, partition, collection, …).
NOTE 3
A theoretically exact dimension can be a linear dimension or an angular dimension.
NOTE 4
A TED can define
the extension or the relative location of a portion of one feature,
the length of the projection of a feature,
the theoretical orientation or location from one or more features, or
the nominal shape of a feature.
NOTE 5
A TED is indicated by a rectangular frame including a value.
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
4
Basic concepts
4.1 Geometrical tolerances shall be specified in accordance with functional requirements. Manufacturing and inspection requirements can also influence geometrical tolerancing. NOTE Indicating geometrical tolerances does not necessarily imply the use of any particular method of production, measurement or gauging.
4.2 A geometrical tolerance applied to a feature defines the tolerance zone within which that feature shall be contained. 4.3 A feature is a specific portion of the workpiece, such as a point, a line or a surface; these features can be integral features (e.g. the external surface of a cylinder) or derived (e.g. a median line or median surface). See ISO 14660-1. 4.4 According to the characteristic to be toleranced and the manner in which it is dimensioned, the tolerance zone is one of the following: the space within a circle; the space between two concentric circles; the space between two equidistant lines or two parallel straight lines; the space within a cylinder; the space between two coaxial cylinders
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 o the space between two equidistant surfaces or two parallelahplanes; 01 pr p : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or the space within a sphere. Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / yi example by an explanatory note (see Figure 8), the 4.5 Unless a more restrictive indication is required, by /4 for d 5/2 cop e toleranced feature may be of any form or orientation within this tolerance zone. ns :2 ly, ce ER on i L B e M nc 4.6 The tolerance applies to the whole extent of the considered feature unless otherwise specified as in NUlice # r r e Clauses 12 and 13. e d us Or leng i 4.7 Geometrical tolerances which Sare assigned to features related to a datum do not limit the form
deviations of the datum feature itself. It may be necessary to specify tolerances of form for the datum feature(s).
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
5
Symbols
See Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 — Symbols for geometrical characteristics Tolerances
Form
Orientation
Characteristics
Datum needed
Subclause
Straightness
no
18.1
Flatness
no
18.2
Roundness
no
18.3
Cylindricity
no
18.4
Profile any line
no
18.5
Profile any surface
no
18.7
Parallelism
yes
18.9
Perpendicularity
yes
18.10
Angularity
yes
18.11
Profile any line
yes
Profile any surface
yes
Position
Location
Run-out
Symbol
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro Concentricity (for centre points) pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Coaxiality (for axes) Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n Symmetry SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e Profile any line ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o Profile any surfaceNUMenc # lic er ser d u r Circular run-out O leng Si
Total run-out
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
yes or no
18.12
yes
18.13
yes
18.13
yes
18.14
yes
18.6
yes
18.8
yes
18.15
yes
18.16
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Table 2 — Additional symbols Description
Symbol
Toleranced feature indication
Reference
Clause 7
Datum feature indication
Clause 9 and ISO 5459
Datum target indication
ISO 5459
Theoretically exact dimension
Clause 11
Median feature
Clause 7
Unequally disposed tolerance zone
Subclause 10.2
Between
Subclause 10.1.4
From … to
Subclause 10.1.4 Clause 13
Projected tolerance zone Maximum material requirement Least material requirement Free state condition (non-rigid parts) All around (profile) Envelope requirement Common zone Minor diameter
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Clause 14 and ISO 2692 Clause 15 and ISO 2692 Clause 16 and ISO 10579 Subclause 10.1 ISO 8015 Subclause 8.5 Subclause 10.2
Major diameter
Subclause 10.2
Pitch diameter
Subclause 10.2
Line element Not convex
Subclause 18.9.4 Subclause 6.3
Any cross-section
Subclause 18.13.1
Direction feature
Subclause 8.1
Collection plane
Subclause 10.1.2
Intersection plane
Clause 16
Orientation plane
Clause 17
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
6
Tolerance frame
6.1 The requirements are shown in a rectangular frame which is divided into two or more compartments. These compartments contain, from left to right, in the following order (see the examples in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5): first compartment: the symbol for the geometrical characteristic; second compartment: the width of the tolerance zone in the unit used for linear dimensions and complementary requirements (see Clauses 7, 8, 10, and 12 to 16). If the tolerance zone is circular or cylindrical, the value is preceded by the symbol “ ”. If the tolerance zone is spherical, the value is preceded by “S ”; third and subsequent compartment, if applicable: the letter or letters identifying the datum or common datum or datum system (see the examples in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5).
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
6.2 When a tolerance applies to more than one feature this shall be indicated above the tolerance frame by the number of features followed by the symbol “” (see the examples in Figures 6 and 7).
6.3 the
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro Figure 6 Figure 7 pa : 2 ng e d i s k e r vy ad o Na lo tw o ownd ne t I IR 7D an IS /64 iof ng the feature within the tolerance If required, indications qualifying thebyform 4 2/ opy d / e 25 , c 8). tolerance frame (see the example innsFigure : ly ce ER on i L B e M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
zone shall be written near
NOTE See also Table 2.
Figure 8 6.4 If it is necessary to specify more than one geometrical characteristic for a feature, the requirements may be given in tolerance frames one under the other for convenience (see the example in Figure 9).
Figure 9 6.5 If required, indications qualifying the direction of the tolerance zone or the extracted (actual) line or both shall be written after the tolerance frame, e.g. use of intersection plane to indicate the direction of the toleranced feature (see Clause 7), use of the orientation plane to indicate the orientation of the tolerance zone, use of the direction feature to indicate the direction of the width of the tolerance zone (see Clause 8).
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
7
Toleranced features
A geometrical specification applies to a single complete feature, unless an appropriate modifier is indicated. When the toleranced feature is not a single complete feature, see Clause 10. When the geometrical specification refers to the feature itself (integral feature), the tolerance frame shall be connected to the toleranced feature by a leader line starting from either end of the frame and terminating in one of the following ways: In 2D annotation, on the outline of the feature or an extension of the outline (but clearly separated from the dimension line) (see Figures 10 and 11). The termination of the leader line is
an arrow if it terminates on a drawn line, or
a dot (filled or unfilled) when the indicated feature is an integral feature and the leader line terminates within the bounds of the feature.
The arrowhead may be placed on a reference line using a leader line to point to the surface (see Figure 12). In 3D annotation, on the feature itself [see Figures 10 b) and 11 b)]. The termination of the leader line is a dot. When the surface is visible, the dot is filled out; when the surface is hidden the dot is not filled out and the leader line is a dashed line. The termination of the leader line may be an arrow placed on a reference line using a leader line to point to the surface [see Figure 12 b)]. The above rules for the dot terminating the leader line also apply in this case.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Figure 10
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 11
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 12
When the tolerance refers to a median line, a median surface, or a median point (derived feature), it is indicated either by the leader line starting from either end of the tolerance frame terminated by an arrow on the extension of the dimension line of a feature of size [see the examples in Figures 13 a), 13 b), 14 a), 14 b), 15 a) and 15 b)], or (median feature) placed at the rightmost end of the second compartment of the tolerance by a modifier 7 . frame from the left. In this case, the leader line starting from -2 ted either end of the tolerance frame does not 05 hibi have to terminate on the dimension line, but can terminate with an arrow on the outline of the feature [see 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng Figures 16 a) and 16 b)]. e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 13
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 14
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 15
7 . -2 ted b) 3D 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro a 2 ep d: ing y sade ork v a lo tw Figure N16 n e to ow d n I R 7D an I g IS /64 n(line If needed, an indication specifying the type of feature instead of a surface) shall be written near the by 2/4 pyi d / o tolerance frame (see Figures 103 and 104). e 5 c ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M anc further indication may be needed to control the orientation of the NOTE When the toleranced feature is a line, NUlice # toleranced feature, see Figure 97 for the case of a median line and Figure 103 for the case of an integral line. r r de use Or leng Si
a) 2D
8
Tolerance zones
8.1 The tolerance zone is positioned symmetrically from an ideal feature unless otherwise indicated (see 10.2). The tolerance value defines the width of the tolerance zone. This width applies normal to the specified geometry (see Figures 17 and 18) unless otherwise indicated (see Figures 19 and 20). NOTE The orientation alone of the leader line does not influence the definition of the tolerance zone, except in the case where the orientation of the leader line and therefore the direction of the width of the tolerance zone is indicated by a TED [see Figures 19 a) and 19 b), and 8.2].
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
a
Datum A.
Drawing indication
Interpretation
Figure 17
Figure 18
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Drawing indication a) 2D
b) 3D
c) 3D Figure 19
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
NOTE 1 When the datum feature identified by the tolerance frame is the same as the feature establishing the direction feature, then the direction feature can be omitted. NOTE 2 In Figure 19, the theoretical shape of each toleranced feature is a circle. The straight segments are inclined by the angle alpha. This generates a set of tolerance zones which are conical sections with a fixed angle along the surface.
When a direction feature is indicated as shown in Figure 19, the width of the tolerance zone is defined by an infinite set of straight segments, inclined in the direction indicated by the direction feature indicator. Each of these segments has a length equal to the tolerance value and has its midpoint located on the theoretical shape of the tolerance zone by default. The tolerance value is constant along the length of the considered feature, unless otherwise indicated by a graphical indication, defining a proportional variation from one value to another, between two specified locations on the considered feature, identified as given in 10.1.4. The letters identifying the locations are separated by an arrow (see Figure 21 for restricted parts of a feature). The values are related to the specified locations on the considered feature by the letters indicated over the tolerance frame (e.g. in Figure 21, the value of the tolerance is 0,1 for location J and 0,2 for location K). By default, the proportional variation follows the curvilinear distance, i.e. the distance along the curve connecting the two specified locations.
a
Datum A.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns R:2 ly, n ce Interpretation Li BE e o M c n NUlice Figure 20 r # er e d us Or leng Si
Figure 21 The angle shown in Figure 19 shall be indicated, even if it is equal to 90°. In the case of roundness, the width of the tolerance zone always applies in a plane perpendicular to the nominal axis.
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
8.2
In the case of a median feature (centre point, median line, median surface) toleranced in one direction:
In 2D view, when the direction of the width of a tolerance zone is at 0° or 90° relative to the datum or relative to the pattern of the theoretically exact dimensions without using an orientation plane, the arrow of the leader line gives this direction (Figures 22, 23 and 24). In other cases, an orientation plane shall be used.
Figure 22 In 3D view, when the direction of the width of a tolerance zone is to be specified relative to the datum or . relative to the pattern of the theoretically exact dimensions, 27 d an orientation plane shall be indicated to 5- ibite 0 h determine this direction [see Figure 23 b)]. 12 ro
ah 20 p ep d: king s e vy ad or when two tolerances are stated, they shall be aperpendicular N nlo netw to ow d the examples in Figures 23 and 24). RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
to each other unless otherwise specified (see
Drawing indication a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 23
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Interpretation Figure 24 7 . -2 ited
05 ib 8.3 The tolerance zone is cylindrical (see the examples in Figures 2- h 25 and 26) or circular if the tolerance h 01 pro a by value is preceded by the symbol “ ” or spherical if it is preceded 2 the symbol “S ”. ep : ng s ed ki vy oad wor a l N n et to ow d n I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a
14
Datum A.
Drawing indication
Interpretation
Figure 25
Figure 26
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8.4 Individual tolerance zones of the same value applied to several separate features may be specified (see the example in Figure 27).
Figure 27 8.5 Where a common tolerance zone is applied to several separate features, this common requirement shall be indicated by the symbol “ ” for common zone following the tolerance in the tolerance frame [see the examples in Figure 28 a)]. Where several tolerance zones (controlled by the same tolerance frame) are applied simultaneously to several separate features (not independently), to create a combined zone, the requirement shall be indicated by the symbol “ ” for common zone following the tolerance in the tolerance frame [see the example in Figure 28 b)] and an indication that the specification applies to several features [e.g. using “3 ” over the tolerance frame (see 6.2), or using three leader lines attached to the tolerance frame (see 8.4)]. . 27 d
- te is indicated in the tolerance frame, all the related -individual tolerance zones shall be constrained in Where 05 ibi 2 roh 1 h 0 either location and in orientation amongst themselves using implicit (0 mm, 0°, 90°, etc.) or explicit p a 2 ep d: king s theoretically exact dimensions (TED). e r y d v a o Na lo tw o ownd ne t I IR 7D an IS /64 ing y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c n l ce R n Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a)
b) Figure 28
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9
Datums
9.1 Datums shall be indicated as given in the examples in 9.2 to 9.5. For additional information, see ISO 5459. NOTE
At the next revision of this International Standard, this clause will be moved to ISO 5459.
9.2 A datum related to a toleranced feature shall be designated by a datum letter. A capital letter shall be enclosed in a datum frame and connected to a filled or open datum triangle to identify the datum [see the examples in Figures 29 a), 29 b), Figures 30 a) and 30 b)]; the same letter which defines the datum shall also be indicated in the tolerance frame. There is no difference in the meaning between a filled and an open datum triangle.
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 29
9.3
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k a) 2D b) 3D vy ad or Na nlo netw o ow d t I IR 7D an IS /64 ing30 Figure y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c n l ce ER on be placed: The datum triangle with the datum letter Li shall B e M c n NU e # r lic in 2D annotation, on the outline of dthe or an extension of the outline (but clearly separated from er sefeature u Or le- is the line or surface shown (see the example in Figure 31); the the dimension line), when the datum g n datum triangle may be placed onSi a reference line using a leader line to point to the surface (see the
example in Figure 32);
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 31
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a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 32
in 3D annotation, when the datum is established from a datum feature which is not a feature of size, the datum feature indicators shall not be in extension of a dimension line [see Figure 31 b)and Figure 32 b)], and shall be indicated in one of the following ways:
For a visible feature: on the feature itself, or 7 da. filled dot to point to the feature; on a reference line using a leader line terminated5-2by ite
0 ib 2- h h 01 pro a 2 For a non-visible feature: ep d: ing y sade ork v Na nlo netw to ow leader on a reference line using a dashed line terminated by an unfilled dot to point to the d I IR 7D an IS /64 ing feature, or y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c n l ce R n to the feature and perpendicular to an outline of the feature, on an extension line tangential Li BE e o M c nfrom the borders of the feature. which is clearly separated NUlice r # er e d us Or leas an extension of the dimension line, when the datum is the axis or median plane or a point defined by ng i S [see the examples in Figures 33 a) to 35 a) for 2D annotation and Figures 33 the feature so dimensioned
b) to 35 b) for 3D annotation], if there is insufficient space for two arrowheads, one of them may be replaced by the datum triangle [see the examples in Figures 34 a) and 35 a) for 2D annotation and Figures 34 b) and 35 b) for 3D annotation].
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 33
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 34
a) 2D
b) 3D
a) 2D
b) 3D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 12 ro Figure 35 epah: 20ng p d i s e k vy oad wor l et Na only, n 9.4 If a datum is applied to a restricted part of a feature to ow d n this restriction shall be shown as a wide, long RIin7DFigure an I dashed-dotted line and dimensioned (see the example 36). See ISO 128-24:1999, Table 2, 04.2. IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 36 9.5
A datum established by a single feature is identified by a capital letter (see Figure 37).
A common datum established by two features is identified by two capital letters separated by a hyphen (see the example in Figure 38). Where a datum system is established by two or three features, i.e. multiple datums, the capital letters for identifying the datums are indicated in an order of priority, from left to right, in separate compartments (see the example in Figure 39).
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Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
10 Supplementary indications 10.1 Indications of a compound or restricted toleranced feature 10.1.1 General When the toleranced feature is a portion of a single feature, or a compound contiguous feature, then it shall be indicated either as a contiguous, closed feature (single or compound), see 10.1.2, a restricted area of a single surface, 10.1.3, or a contiguous, non-closed feature (single or compound), see 10.1.4. 10.1.2 All around — Contiguous, closed toleranced feature If a requirement applies to a closed compound contiguous surface defined by a collection plane, the “all around” modifier (“O”) shall be placed on the intersection of the leader line and the reference line of the tolerance frame. In 3D annotation, a collection plane indicator identifying the collection plane shall be placed 7 . -2 ited 5 after the tolerance frame [see Figures 40 b) and 41 b)]. In 2D annotation, the collection plane can be implicit b -0 hi 12 pro his 0indicated. parallel to the projection plane in which the specification An all-around requirement applies only to a 2 ep d: king s the surfaces represented by the outline, not to the entire workpiece (see Figure 41). e r y d o v a Na lo tw o ownd ne t I n the closed compound contiguous surface (defined by a If a requirement applies to the set of line elements IR 7D aon IS /64 ing y collection plane), an intersection plane indicator b 2/4 pyidentifying the intersection plane shall also be placed between ed 5/ , co the tolerance frame and the collection plane in 3D annotation [see Figure 40 b)]. ns R:2 lyindicator e n c Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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a) 2D
NOTE When using the symbol of profile of any line, if the intersection plane and the collection plane are the same, 7 . the collection plane symbol can be omitted. -2 ted 05 ibi - h 12 ro ah 20 g p p b) 3D y seded: rkin v a o Na lo tw o ownd ne t I IR 7D an IS /64 ing40 Figure y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c n l ce R n Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
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NOTE The long dashed short dashed line indicates the considered features. Surfaces a and b are not considered in the specification.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, b) 3D ce R n Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Figure 41 Or leng i S
10.1.3 Restricted area toleranced feature
In 2D annotation, the surface portions involved shall be outlined by a long-dashed dotted wide line (in accordance with ISO 128-24) (see Figures 53 and 54). In 3D annotation, the leader line starting from either end of the tolerance frame shall terminate on a hatched area, indicating the surface portions involved whose location and dimensions shall be defined by TEDs (see Figure 42). The restricted area is defined either by its border indicated as a long-dashed dotted wide line (in accordance with ISO 128-24 type 04.2), by its corner points, indicated as crosses on the integral feature (the location of the points being defined by TEDs), identified by capital letters and leader lines terminated by an arrow. The letters are indicated above the tolerance frame with a “between” symbol between the last two, see Figure 42 b). The border is formed by connecting the corner points with straight segments, by two straight border lines identified by capital letters and leader lines terminated by an arrow (the location of the border lines being defined by TEDs).
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
a)
b) Figure 42
The tolerance requirement applies to each surface or line element independently, unless otherwise specified (e.g. by using a CZ symbol). 10.1.4 Contiguous, non-closed toleranced feature If a tolerance applies to one identified restricted part of a feature 7 or. to contiguous restricted parts of d ite cross-sections (or entire surface contiguous features, but does not apply to the entire outline of05-2the ib h 12 pro symbol “ ” (called “between”) and represented by the outline), this restriction shall be indicated using ah 20 the by identifying the start and the end of the toleranced feature.y seped: rking v ad o Na lo tw o ownd ne t The points or lines that identify the start and end of theIRItoleranced feature are each identified by a capital letter 7D an IS /64 ing connected to it by a leader line terminating with anby arrowhead. If the point or line is not at the boundary of an /4 y d 5/2 cop integral feature, its location shall be indicated byseTEDs. n :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc ” is used between The between symbol “ NUlice two capital letters that identify the start and the end of the # r r toleranced feature) consists of all segments or areas between the toleranced feature. This feature (compound de use Or le-or parts of features. start and the end of the identified features g n Si
In order to clearly identify the toleranced feature, the tolerance frame shall be connected to the compound toleranced feature by a leader line starting from either end of the frame and terminating with an arrowhead on the outline of the compound toleranced feature (see the example in Figure 43).The arrowhead may also be placed on a reference line using a leader line to point to the surface.
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a) Example of restricted feature — The toleranced feature is the upper surface starting at line J and finishing at line K
b) Illustration: the long-dashed dotted line represents the toleranced feature — Surfaces a, b, c and the lower part of d are not covered by the specification
Figure 43 To avoid problems of interpretation regarding the considered nominal feature (see Figure 44), the start and end of the feature shall be indicated as shown in Figure 44.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro a) Sharp edge b) Rounded junction from corner d) Combination with pac): 2 Off-set g e n d i or corner (tangent continuity) vy sade oor an edge indication rk edge (with TED) Na nlo netw according to ISO 13715 to ow d RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi Figure 44 d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o If the tolerance value is variable along ” (called M the nc considered compound toleranced feature, the symbol “ U N lice “from … to”) shall be used insteadr of (see 8.1). # r“between” de use Or leg n If the same specification is applicable to a set of compound toleranced features, this set can be indicated Si
above the tolerance frame, placing one element above the other (see the example in Figure 45).
a)
b) Figure 45
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
If all the compound toleranced features in the set are defined identically, it is possible to simplify the indication of this set, using the “n ” indication (see 6.2). In this case, the indication of the letters identifying the start and end shall be placed in square brackets. The rule defined in Clause 8 regarding the common zone indication also applies to defining a common compound tolerance zone (see the example in Figure 46).
Figure 46
10.2 Indication of an unequally disposed tolerance zone If the tolerance zone is not centred on the theoretically exact geometrical form, then this unequally disposed modifier as shown in Figure 47. tolerance zone shall be indicated using the 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Key 1
theoretical profile in this example, the material is below the profile
2
sphere to define the offset theoretical profile
3
sphere to define the tolerance zone
4
limits of the tolerance zone
Figure 47 — Unequally disposed tolerance zone indication The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two equidistant surfaces enveloping spheres of defined diameter equal to the tolerance value, the centres of which are situated on a surface corresponding to the envelope of a sphere in contact with the theoretically exact geometrical form and whose diameter is equal with the direction of the offset indicated by the sign, the “” sign indicating to the absolute value given after “out of the material” and the “” sign “into the material”.
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10.3 Indications for screw threads, multiple splines and gears Tolerances and datums specified for screw threads apply to the axis derived from the pitch cylinder, unless ” for major diameter and “ ” for minor diameter (see the examples in otherwise specified, e.g. “ Figures 48 and 49). Tolerances and datums specified for muliple splines and gears shall designate the specific feature to which they apply, i.e. “ ” for pitch diameter, “ ” for major diameter or “ ” for minor diameter.
Figure 48
Figure 49
11 Theoretically exact dimensions (TED) If tolerances of location, orientation or profile are prescribed for a feature or a group of features, the dimensions determining the theoretically exact location, orientation or profile respectively are called theoretically exact dimensions (TED). TED can be explicit or implicit. 7
.
-2 ted TED also apply to the dimensions determining the relative orientation of the datums of a system. 05 ibi
TED shall not be toleranced.
- h 12 ro ah 20 g p p : in They are to be enclosed seineda kframe vy oad wor a t l N n e to ow d n RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 50
(see the examples in Figures 50 and 51).
Figure 51
12 Restrictive specifications 12.1 If a tolerance of the same characteristic is applied to a restricted length, lying anywhere within the total extent of the feature, the value of the restricted length shall be added after the tolerance value and separated from it by an oblique stroke [see the example in Figure 52 a)]. If two or more tolerances of the same characteristic are to be indicated, they may be combined as shown in Figure 52 b).
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Figure 52 12.2 If a tolerance is applied to a restricted part of a feature only, this restriction shall be shown as a longdashed dotted wide line and dimensioned using theoretically exact dimensions [see the examples in Figures 53 a), 53 b), 54 and 55]. If this restriction is shown as a surface, it shall also be hatched [see the examples in Figures 53 b), 54 and 55]. NOTE
See ISO 128-24:1999, Table 2, 04.2, for the definition of the long-dashed dotted wide line.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw o I t ow d IR 47D an S I Figure /6 ng53 by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 54
b) 3D
Figure 55
12.3 Restricted part of a datum (see 9.4). 12.4 Restrictions to the form of a feature within the tolerance zone are given in 6.3 and Clause 7.
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13 Projected tolerance zone The symbol Ⓟ after the tolerance value in the second compartment of the tolerance frame indicates a projected tolerance; see Figures 56 a) and b). In this case, the toleranced feature is either a portion of the extended feature or its derived feature (see Table 3 and Clause 7). The extended feature is an associated feature constructed from the real feature. The default association criterion for the extended feature is a minimized maximum distance between the indicated real feature and the associated feature with the additional constraint of external contact of material. Table 3 — Feature toleranced with the projected tolerance modifier The leader line from the tolerance frame points
Toleranced feature
On a cylinder (but not in extension of a dimension line)
Portion of the associated cylinder
In extension of a dimension line of a cylinder
Portion of the axis of the associated cylinder
On a plane (but not in extension of a dimension line)
Portion of the associated plane
In extension of a dimension line of two opposite parallel planes
Portion of the median plane of two associated parallel planes
The limits of the relevant portion of this extended feature shall be clearly defined and shall be indicated either directly or indirectly, as follows. When indicating the projected tolerance length directly on the drawing by a “virtual” integral feature representing the portion of the extended feature to be considered, this virtual feature shall be indicated by use of a long-dashed double-dotted narrow line, and the length of the shall be indicated with the symbol 7 extension d. -2Figure te i 5 Ⓟ prior to the Theoretically Exact Dimension (TED) value. See 56 a). b -0 hi
2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s feature e k When indicating the length of the projected toleranced indirectly in the tolerance frame, the value shall vy oad wor t case the representation of the extended feature with l this Na In e n be indicated after the symbol Ⓟ. See Figure 56 tb). o ow d n RI 7Domitted. a long-dashed double-dotted narrow line shall This indirect indication concerns only blind holes. an 4 SI be I /6 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a) Direct indication of the length of the extension by a TED
b) Indirect indication of the length of the projected toleranced feature in the tolerance frame
Figure 56 — Two ways of indicating a geometrical specification with projected tolerance modifier The origin of the projected feature is constructed from the reference plane. To define the reference plane, it is necessary to look for the first plane intersecting the considered feature. See Figure 57. This real feature shall be considered to define the reference plane. The reference plane is an associated plane to this real feature constrained to be perpendicular to the extended feature. See Figure 59.
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Key 1
reference surface defining the start of the toleranced feature
Figure 57 — Reference surface of the projected feature By default, the origin of the projected feature corresponds to the location of the reference plane, and the end corresponds to the shift of the projected feature's length from its origin in the outside materials direction. If the origin of the projected feature is displaced from the reference surface by an offset, this shall be indicated as follows. When directly indicated, the offset shall be specified by a theoretically exact dimension (TED); see Figure 58. When indirectly indicated, the first value after the modifier indicates the distance to the farthest limit of the extended feature and the second value (offset value), which is preceded by a minus sign, indicates the distance to the nearest limit of the extended feature (the length of the. extended feature is the difference 27 d 32-7; see Figure 59. An 0offset between these two values), e.g. t 5- ibite value of zero shall not be indicated h 2 o and the minus sign shall be omitted in this case; see Figureah56. 01 pr 2 ep d: ing y sade ork v Na nlo etw to ow d n I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 58 — Example of direct indication of a projected tolerance with an offset
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a) Drawing indication
b) Meaning
Key 1
extension line
2
reference surface
3
leader line connected to the tolerance frame
4
indication defining that the type of the toleranced feature is a median feature (equivalent to the modifier
5
modifier defining that the tolerance applies to a portion of an extended feature and is limited by the information (9 and 10)
6
associated reference surface
7
integral surface
8
associated feature
9 10 11
The
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 12 ro ah 20 g p : in (= 32 7) length of the projected toleranced feature, in this cases25 ep dmm y de rk av loa two surface, in this case 7 mm offset of the projected toleranced feature from the Nreference e n to ow d n projected toleranced feature RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi d / o se 25 , c Figure 59 — Example of icindirect en ER: nly indication of a projected tolerance with an offset L B eo M nc NUlice # may be used with other types of specification modifiers as appropriate; see Figure modifier r r de use Or leng Si
)
60.
Key 1
extension line
2
leader line connected to the tolerance frame
3
modifier defining that the tolerance applies to a portion of an extended feature and is limited by the subsequent information (4)
4
length of projected toleranced feature, in this case 25 mm
5
modifier defining that the type of the toleranced feature is a median feature
Figure 60 — Example of use of a projected tolerance zone together with a median modifier
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
14 Free state condition The free state condition for non-rigid parts shall be indicated by the specification modifier symbol placed after the specified tolerance value (see the examples in Figures 61 and 62). See ISO 10579 for additional information.
Figure 61
Several specification modifiers, , , frame (see the example in Figure 63).
,
Figure 62
and
, may be used simultaneously in the same tolerance
Figure 63
15 Interrelationship of geometrical tolerances For functional reasons, one or more characteristics can be toleranced to define the geometrical deviations of a 7 . feature. Certain types of tolerances, which limit the geometrical deviations -2 ted of a feature, can also limit other 05 hibi 2 types of deviations for the same feature. h 1 ro
a 20 p ep d: king s e d or vy aorientation Location tolerances of a feature control location deviation, deviation and form deviation of the Na nlo netw to ow d feature, and not vice-versa. I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi Orientation tolerances of a feature control orientation form deviations of the feature and not vice-versa. ed 5/ and co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o Form tolerances of a feature control only formUMdeviations of the feature. nc N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si 16 Intersection planes
16.1 Role of intersection planes Intersection planes shall be used in 3D annotation when the projection plane is involved in the meaning of the specification in 2D annotation, e.g. straightness of a line in a plane, profile of any line, orientation of a line element of a feature ( ), “all around” specification for lines or surfaces. Intersection planes may also be used for convenience in 2D annotation.
16.2 Features to be used for establishing a family of intersection planes Only surfaces belonging to one of the following invariance classes shall be used to establish a family of intersection planes (see ISO 17450-1): revolute (e.g. a cone or a torus); cylindrical (i.e. a cylinder); planar (i.e. a plane).
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16.3 Graphical language The intersection plane is specified through an intersection plane indicator placed as an extension to the tolerance frame (see Figure 64):
Figure 64 — Intersection plane indicator The symbol defining how the intersection plane is derived from the datum is placed in the first compartment of the intersection plane indicator. The symbols stand for: parallel; perpendicular; including. The letter identifying the datum used to establish the intersection plane is placed in the second compartment of the intersection plane indicator.
16.4 Rules For geometrical specifications that include intersection plane indicators, the following applies. When the toleranced feature is a line on an integral feature, an plane shall be indicated in 3D . 7 dintersection -2except te i 5 annotation to avoid misinterpretation of the toleranced feature, in the case of generatrix straightness or b -0 hi 12 ro circularity of a cylinder or a cone. ah 20 p
ep d: ing y sade ork v w The intersection plane is established parallel o to, to, or including the datum given in the Na nloperpendicular et t ow d n I intersection plane indicator, without additional constraints, when the tolerance frame does not D an R 7orientation I IS /64 ng indicate datums. by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e c on When the tolerance frame indicates one Li BEor e more datums, then the intersection plane is established parallel to, M c n perpendicular to, or including the datum NUlice indicated in the intersection plane indicator with constraints (0°, 90° or r r # edatum(s) an explicitly stated angle) from the of the tolerance frame. The datums in the tolerance frame are e d us Or le- the datum given in the intersection plane indicator is established. applied in the specified order before g n Si
The possible intersection planes are given in Table 4. They depend on the datum used to establish the intersection plane and how the plane is derived from this datum (as defined by the symbol indicated). Table 4 — Application cases of intersection plane Indicated datum Axis of revolute surface (cylinder or cone) Plane (integral or median) Other type a
Intersection plane Parallel to
Perpendicular to
Including
Not applicable
OKb
OKd
OKa
OKc
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
See Figure 65.
b
See Figure 66.
c
See Figure 67.
d
See Figure 68.
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Figure 65
Figure 66
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / Figure 67 Figure 68 by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e s :2 y, n l ce ER on indicator located to the right of the tolerance frame A datum feature indicator and an intersection Li plane B e M c U en be used to indicate an intersection plane, asNshown in Table 5. lic r # er e d us Or leg n i Table 5 — Indication relativeS to a geometrical specification using an intersection plane
Tolerance frame
Intersection plane indicator
Datum feature indicator
a)
b)
c)
shall
The intersection plane indicator (b) shall be placed to the right of the tolerance frame (a). The intersection plane indicator shall indicate a datum letter in the second compartment. In the first compartment, a symbol is placed (parallel, perpendicular or symmetrical) and indicates how the intersection plane is related to the datum. The datum corresponding to the datum letter allows the intersection plane to be built in accordance with the specified symbol. The datum is defined from the datum feature identified by the datum feature indicator (c).
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17 Orientation planes 17.1 Role of orientation planes Orientation planes shall be used in 3D annotation when the toleranced feature is a median line or a median point, and the width of the tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes, and the tolerance zone is oriented from another feature, established from an extracted feature of the workpiece, identifying the orientation of the tolerance zone. Orientation planes may also be used for convenience in 2D annotation. NOTE 1 For a derived feature, the use of an orientation plane makes it possible to define the direction of the width of the tolerance zone independent of the nominal model (case of location) or of the datum (case of orientation). NOTE 2 For a line in a surface, the use of an orientation plane makes it possible to change the direction of the width of the tolerance zone.
17.2 Features to be used for establishing orientation planes Only surfaces belonging to one of the following invariance classes shall be used to establish orientation planes (see ISO 17450-1): revolute (e.g. a cone or a torus);
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro cylindrical (i.e. a cylinder); pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw planar (i.e. a plane). to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop 17.3 Graphical language e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o UMenc The orientation plane is specified Nthrough an orientation plane ic # r tolerance frame (see Figure 69): er se l d u Or leng i S
indicator placed as an extension to the
Figure 69 — Orientation plane indicator The orientation symbol for parallelism, perpendicularity or angularity is placed in the first compartment of the orientation plane indicator. The letter identifying the datum used to establish the orientation plane is placed in the second compartment of the orientation plane indicator.
17.4 Rules An orientation plane shall be indicated in 3D annotation when the width of the tolerance zone is not normal to the specified geometry, or the toleranced feature is a point, or a median line toleranced in one Cartesian direction. For geometrical specifications that include orientation plane indicators, the following applies.
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The orientation plane is established parallel to, perpendicular to, or at a defined angle from the datum indicated in the orientation plane indicator as follows: when the orientation plane is defined with an angle different from 0° or 90°, the angularity symbol shall be used and an explicit theoretical angle shall be defined between the orientation plane and the datum of the orientation plane indicator; when the orientation plane is defined with an angle equal to 0° or 90°, the parallelism symbol or perpendicularity symbol shall be used respectively. When the tolerance frame indicates one or more datums, then the orientation plane is established parallel to, perpendicular to, or at a defined angle from a plane defined by the orientation plane indicator with constraints (an implicit angle of 0° or 90° or an explicit stated angle defined by a TED) from the datum(s) of the tolerance frame. The datums in the tolerance frame are applied in the specified order before the plane given in the orientation plane indicator is established. The possible orientation planes are given in Table 6. They depend on the datum used to establish the orientation plane and how the plane is derived from this datum (as defined by the symbol indicated). Table 6 — Application cases of orientation plane Orientation plane
Indicated datum Axis of revolute surface (cylinder or cone) Plane (integral or median) Other type
Examples are given in Figures 70
Parallel to
Perpendicular to
Inclined to
Not applicable
OK
OK
OK
OK
OK
7 d. -2 iteapplicable Not applicable 05Not ib h 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i y s de rk av loa two N e n and 71. to ow d n RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Not applicable
Figure 70
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
NOTE The above example is in 2D and the orientation plane indicators can be omitted, but in 3D annotation, they are necessary.
Figure 71 A datum feature indicator and an orientation plane indicator located to the right of the tolerance frame shall be used to indicate an orientation plane, as shown in Table 7. Table 7 — Indication of an orientation plane Datum feature indicator
Orientation plane indicator
Indication of geometrical specification using an orientation plane
7 . -2 ted
5 ibi The orientation plane indicator shall-0indicate The orientation plane indicator shall be 2 h h 01 pro plane placed to the right of the tolerance frame the datum from which the orientation a 2 p g e d: kinits second will be built, by a datum letter y sade in or av loorientation tw compartment, and how Nthe of the e n n to ow d to I tolerance zone relates the datum IR 7D an IS /64 ng or inclined) by a (parallel, perpendicular by 2/4 pyi symbol placed ed 2in 5/ its co first compartment. In : ly, different from 0° or 90°, ns Rangle the case oficean n o L BE symbol the angularity shall be used and an M nce U e N lic explicit #theoretical angle shall be defined r r between de use the orientation plane and the Or ledatum. g in S
18 Definitions of geometrical tolerances An explanation based on examples of the various geometrical tolerances and their tolerance zones are provided in this clause. The illustrations accompanying the definitions only show those deviations which relate to the specific definition.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.1 Straigtness tolerance (see ISO 12780-1 and ISO 12780-2) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation Any extracted (actual) line on the upper surface, parallel to the plane of projection (2D) or datum plane A, as specified by the intersection plane indicator (3D), shall be contained between two parallel straight lines 0,1 apart.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i e rk b)vy s3D ad o Na nlo netw to ow d RI 7D an 72 SI 64Figure I / ng by 2/4 pyi d / o e 5 c ns :2 ly, of the tolerance zone Definition ce ER on i L B e M nc e The tolerance zone, in the considered is limited by two parallel straight lines a distance t apart and in NUlicplane, # r r e the specified direction only. e d -us r O le ng Si
a
Any distance.
Figure 73
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation Any extracted (actual) generating line on the cylindrical surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart. NOTE
The definition for an extracted generating line has not been standardized.
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 74 7 d.
-2 te 05 ibi 2- roh 1 h the Definitionpaof 20 ptolerance zone e d: king s e r vy oad wo a distance t apart. The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel l t Na planes o ownd ne t I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 75
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of the cylinder to which the tolerance applies shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,08.
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 76 7 . 0 hi 2 o 01 pr The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t, pifahthe : 2 ingtolerance value is preceded by the symbol e d s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si Figure 77 2 ited Definition of the tolerance 5- zone b
38
.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.2 Flatness tolerance (see ISO 12781-1 and ISO 12781-2) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart.
a) 2D
b) 3D .
7 d Figure5-278 te bi
-0 hi 12 ro ah 20 g p p d: the Definition se eof kin tolerance zone vy oad wor a t l N n ne The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel a distance t apart. to owplanes d RI 7D an I S 64 ng I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Figure 79
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.3 Roundness tolerance (see ISO 12781-1 and ISO 12781-2) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation For the cylindrical surface, the extracted (actual) circumferential line, in any cross-section of the cylindrical, shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles, with a difference in radii of 0,03.
b) 3D
a) 2D
Figure 80 7 . -2 ed 12 ro ah 20 g p plimited : in by two concentric circles with a difference in The tolerance zone, in the considered cross-section, is e d s e k vy ad or radii of t. Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si 5 ibit Definition of the tolerance -0 hzone
a
Any cross-section.
Figure 81
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Symbol
Indication and explanation Any extracted (actual) circumferential line, resulting in the intersection of the (actual) revolute surface and a section cone (having as axis, the axis of the associated revolute surface and its generatrix normal to the revolute surface) shall be contained in a conical zone (of the section cone) limited by two circles 0,1 apart (this distance is taken on the generatrix). NOTE
The definition of an extracted circumferential line has not been standardized.
b) 3D
a) 2D
Figure 82
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.4 Cylindricity tolerance (see ISO 12781-1 and ISO 12781-2) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) cylindrical surface shall be contained between two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of 0,1.
a) 2D
b) 3D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro Figurepa83 : 2 ing e d s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw DefinitionI of w d tolerance zone to othe R D n SI 647 ng a I / The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxialbycylinders with a difference in radii of t. /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Figure 84
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.5 Profile tolerance of a line not related to a datum (see ISO 1660) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation In each section, parallel to the plane of projection in which the indication is shown, the extracted (actual) profile line shall be contained between two equidistant lines enveloping circles of diameter 0,04, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form.
a) 2D In each section, parallel to datum plane A, as specified by the intersection plane indicator, the extracted (actual) profile line shall be contained between two equidistant lines enveloping circles of diameter 0,04, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si b) 3D
Figure 85
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Symbol
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two lines enveloping circles of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form.
a
Any distance.
b
Plane perpendicular to the drawing plane in Figure 85.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Figure 86
44
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.6 Profile tolerance of a line related to a datum system (see ISO 1660) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation In each section, parallel to the plane of projection (2D) or datum plane A, as specified by the intersection plane indicator (3D), the extracted (actual) profile line shall be contained between two equidistant lines enveloping circles of diameter 0,04, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A and datum plane B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leb) 3D g n Si
Figure 87
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two lines enveloping circles of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a line having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A and datum plane B.
a b c
Datum A. Datum B. Plane parallel to datum A.
Figure 88
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.7 Profile tolerance of a surface not related to a datum (see ISO 1660) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two equidistant surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter 0,02, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw w d3D to ob) RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 copFigure 89 e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc Definition of the tolerance zone NUlice # r r e e The tolerance zone is limited by d two us surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter t, the centres of which are Or lesituated on a surface having the ngtheoretically exact geometrical form. i S
Figure 90
46
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.8 Profile tolerance of a surface related to a datum (see ISO 1660) Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two equidistant surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter 0,1, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop b) 3D e ns :2 ly, ce ER on i L B e M nc Figure 91 NUlice # r r e e d us Or leDefinition of the tolerance zone ng i S
The tolerance zone is limited by two surfaces enveloping spheres of diameter t, the centres of which are situated on a surface having the theoretically exact geometrical form with respect to datum plane A.
a
Datum A.
Figure 92
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9 Parallelism tolerance 18.9.1 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum system Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart which are parallel to datum axis A. The planes limiting the tolerance zone are parallel to datum plane B as specified by the direction of the leader line and the secondary datum (2D) or orientation plane indicator (3D) (the direction of the width of the tolerance zone is perpendicular to datum plane B).
7 . -2 ted b) 3D 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro a 2 ep d: king r Figure y sade93 o v Na nlo etw to ow d n I IR 7D an Definition IS /64ofngthe tolerance zone by 2/4 pyi ed 5/planes The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel a distance t apart. The planes are parallel to the datums co ns R:2 ly, e n and in the direction specified. c E o i L B e M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a) 2D
a b
Datum A. Datum B.
Figure 94
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are parallel to datum axis A. The planes limiting the tolerance zone are perpendicular to datum plane B as specified by the direction of the leader line and the secondary datum (2D) or the orientation plane indicator (3D) (the direction of the width of the tolerance zone is parallel to datum plane B).
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r b) 3D de use Or leg n i S Figure 95
Definition of the tolerance zone
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 96
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes, which are parallel to datum axis A, and positioned 0,1 and 0,2 apart respectively. The direction of the width of the tolerance zones is specified with respect to datum plane B by the direction of the leader lines and the secondary datum (2D) or the orientation plane indicators (3D).
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Figure 97 Definition of the tolerance zone The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes, which are parallel to the datum axis A, and positioned 0,1 and 0,2 apart respectively. The orientations of the tolerance zones specified with respect to datum plane B by the orientation plane indicators:
50
the planes limiting the tolerance zone of 0,2 mm are perpendicular to the orientation plane B as specified by the orientation plane indicator;
the planes limiting the tolerance zone of 0,1 mm are parallel to the orientation plane B as specified by the orientation plane indicator.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
a b
Datum A. Datum B.
Figure 98
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9.2 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,03, parallel to datum axis A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r b) 3D de use Or leg n Si Figure 99
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t, parallel to the datum, if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol .
a
Datum A.
Figure 100
52
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9.3 Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,01 apart, which are parallel to datum plane B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc b) 3D NUlice # r r de use Figure 101 Or leg n Si
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum.
a
Datum B.
Figure 102
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9.4 Parallelism tolerance of a surface related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation Each extracted (actual) line, parallel to datum plane B as specified by the intersection plane indicator, shall be contained between two parallel lines 0,02 apart, which are parallel to datum plane A.
a) 2D using a secondary datum
b) 2D using an intersection plane indicator
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r c) 3D de use Or leg n Figure 103 Si
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel lines a distance t apart and oriented parallel to datum plane A, the lines lying in a plane parallel to datum plane B.
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 104
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9.5 Parallelism tolerance of a surface related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are parallel to datum axis C.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a b) 3D I / by 2/4 pyi d / o e 5 c ns :2 ly, ce ER on Figure 105 i L B e M nc U e N lic r# r Definition of the tolerance zone de -use r O le g n The tolerance zone isSilimited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum.
a
Datum C.
Figure 106
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.9.6 Parallelism tolerance of a surface related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,01 apart, which are parallel to datum plane D.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi b) 3D d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o Figure 107 M nc NUlice # r r de use Definition of the tolerance zone Or leg n Si two parallel planes a distance t apart and parallel to the datum plane. The tolerance zone is limited by
a
Datum D.
Figure 108
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.10
Perpendicularity tolerance
18.10.1
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,06 apart, which are perpendicular to datum axis A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / b) 3D by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o Figure 109 M nc NUlice r# r de use Definition of the tolerance zone Or leng i The tolerance zone isS limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum.
a
Datum A.
Figure 110
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.10.2
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum system Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of the cylinder shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are perpendicular to datum plane A and in the orientation specified with respect to datum plane B.
a) 2D using Datum B as a secondary datum
b) 2D using an orientation plane indicator
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e rk o vy ad111 Figure Na nlo netw o ow d t I IR 7D an IS /64ofingthe tolerance zone Definition y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c planes a distance t apart. The planes are perpendicular to The tolerance zone is limited by two enparallel l c R n Li BE e o datum A and parallel to datum B. M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
c) 3D
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 112
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of the cylinder shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes, perpendicular to datum plane A, and positioned 0,1 and 0,2 apart respectively. The direction of the width of the tolerance zones is specified with respect to datum plane B by the plane of projection (2D) or the orientation plane indicators (3D).
a) 2D
b) 3D Figure 1137 d. 2 5- ite -0 hib Definition of the12tolerance zone ro h 0 p pa : 2 g
se ed planes The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel a distance 0,1 and 0,2 apart and perpendicular to kin vy oad wor a t l each other. Both planes are perpendicular to the datum A, one pair of planes being parallel to datum B (see N n ne to ow d Figure 115), the other pair being perpendicular RI D nto datum B (see Figure 114). I 7 a IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a b
Datum A. Datum B.
Figure 114
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Figure 115
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.10.3
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of the cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,01, which is perpendicular to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw w d3D to ob) RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 pyi d 5/2 coFigure 116 e ns :2 ly, ce ER on i L B e M nc of the tolerance zone e NUDefinition lic # r r e e s The tolerance zone is limited byrd a-ucylinder of diameter t perpendicular to the datum if the tolerance value is O le preceded by the symbol . ng i S
a
Datum A.
Figure 117
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.10.4
Perpendicularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart which are perpendicular to datum axis A.
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 118 Definition of the tolerance zone 7
.
2 d The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance 5- ite t apart and perpendicular to the datum.
a
Datum A.
0 ib 2- h h 01 pro a 2 ep d: ing y sade ork v Na nlo etw to ow d n I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
Figure 119
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.10.5
Perpendicularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart, which are perpendicular to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 12 ro ah 20 p ep d: king b) s3D e vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d D n 120 RIFigure SI 647 ng a I / by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co Definition ns R:2 ly, of the tolerance zone e n c Li BE e o M c The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum. n NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a
Datum A.
Figure 121
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.11
Angularity tolerance
18.11.1
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart that are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 60° to the common datum straight line A-B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # b) 3D r r de use Or leFigure 122 ng Si
Definition of the tolerance zone Line and datum line in the same plane: The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.
a
Datum A-B.
Figure 123
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart that are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 60° to the common datum straight line A-B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI Db)n 3D SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, Figure 124 ce R n Li BE e o M nc e NUDefinition of the tolerance zone lic # r r e e d -us r The tolerance zone is limited by O letwo parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to ng the datum. The considered line Si and the datum line are not in the same plane.
a
Datum A-B.
Figure 125
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© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.11.2
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart that are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 60° to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n b) 3D Li BE e o M nc U e N lic r# r Figure 126 de -use r O le ng i S
Definition of the tolerance zone
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.
a
Datum A.
Figure 127
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be within a cylindrical tolerance zone of diameter 0,1 that is parallel to datum plane B and inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 60° to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi b) 3D d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Figure 128 Li BE e o M nc U e N lic r # r Definition of the tolerance zone de -use r O le The tolerance zone is limited by ng a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Si
. The cylindrical tolerance zone is parallel to a datum plane B and inclined at the specified angle to datum plane A.
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 129
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.11.3
Angularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum line Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart that are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 75° to datum axis A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leb) 3D g n Si
Figure 130 Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.
a
Datum A.
Figure 131
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ISO 1101:2012(E)
18.11.4
Angularity tolerance of a surface related to a datum plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart that are inclined at a theoretically exact angle of 40° to datum plane A.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi b) 3D d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o Figure 132 M nc NUlice r# r de use Definition of the tolerance zone Or leg in The tolerance zone is limited Sby two parallel planes a distance t apart and inclined at the specified angle to
the datum.
a
Datum A.
Figure 133
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18.12
Position tolerance (see ISO 5458)
18.12.1
Position tolerance of a point Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) centre of the sphere shall be within a spherical zone of diameter 0,3, the centre of which coincides with the theoretically exact position of the sphere, with respect to datum planes A and B and to datum median plane C. NOTE
The definition of extracted (actual) centre of a sphere has not been standardized.
a) 2D 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Figure 134
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Symbol
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by a sphere of diameter t if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol S . The centre of the spherical tolerance zone is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A, B and C.
a b c
Datum A. Datum B. Datum C.
Figure 135
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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18.12.2
Position tolerance of a line Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) centre line of each of the scribe lines shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the considered line, with respect to datum planes A and B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n b) 3D SI 647 ng a I / by 2/4 pyi d / o e 5 c ns :2 ly, Figure 136 ce ER on i L B e M c n NUlice r # er Definition of the tolerance zone e d us Or leg The tolerance zone is inlimited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and symmetrically disposed about the S
centre line. The centre line is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A and B. The tolerance is specified in one direction only.
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 137
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Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of each hole shall be contained between two pairs of parallel planes, positioned 0,05 and 0,2 apart respectively, in the direction specified, and perpendicular to each other. Each pair of parallel planes is orientated with respect to the datum system and symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the considered hole, with respect to datum planes C, A and B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Figure 138
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Symbol
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel planes a distance 0,05 and 0,2 apart respectively and symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position. The theoretically exact position is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums C, A and B. The tolerance is specified in two directions with respect to the datums.
a
Datum A.
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
b
Datum B.
Datum C.
c
Datum C.
c
Figure 139
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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Figure 140
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Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,08, the axis of which coincides with the theoretically exact position of the considered hole, with respect to datum planes C, A and B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n b) 3D Li BE e o M nc U e N lic r# r Figure 141 de -use r O le ng i S
The extracted (actual) median line of each hole shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1, the axis of which coincides with the theoretically exact position of the considered hole, with respect to datum planes C, A, and B.
a) 2D
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Symbol
Indication and explanation
b) 3D
Figure 142 Definition of the tolerance zone 7 d.
te tolerance value is preceded by the symbol . The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter 5t -2ifbithe 0 i 2- roh exact dimensions with respect to datums C, A The axis of the tolerance cylinder is fixed by theoretically 1 h 0 p pa : 2 g and B. se d in e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
c
Datum C.
Figure 143
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18.12.3
Position tolerance of a flat surface or a median plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,05 apart, which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position of the surface, with respect to datum plane A and datum axis B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice b) 3D # r r de -use r O le ng Figure 144 Si
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Symbol
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A and B.
a
Datum A.
b
Datum B.
Figure 145 The extracted (actual) median surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,05 apart, which are symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position 7 . of the median plane, with respect to datum -2 ited axis A. 5 0 ib - h 12 ro ah 20 g p p : se ed kin vy oad wor a t l N n e to ow d n RI 7D an I IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
b) 3D
a) 2D
Figure 146
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18.13 Concentricity and coaxiality tolerance 18.13.1
Concentricity tolerance of a point Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) centre of the inner circle in any cross-section shall be within a circle of diameter 0,1, concentric with datum point A defined in the same cross-section.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Figure 147 Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by a circle of diameter t; the tolerance value shall be preceded by the symbol . The centre of the circular tolerance zone coincides with the datum point.
a
Datum point A.
Figure 148
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18.13.2
Coaxiality tolerance of an axis Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median line of the toleranced cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,08, the axis of which is the common datum straight line A-B.
a) 2D
Symbol
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I b) 3D / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Figure 149 Li BE e o M nc U e N lic r# r Indication and explanation de -use r O le g n The extracted (actual) Si median line of the toleranced cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of
diameter 0,1, the axis of which is datum axis A [see Figures 150 a) and 150 b)].
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 150
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The extracted (actual) median line of the toleranced cylinder shall be within a cylindrical zone of diameter 0,1, the axis of which is datum axis B which is perpendicular to datum plane A [see Figures 151 a) and 151 b)].
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 151 Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t; the tolerance value shall be preceded by the symbol . The axis of the cylindrical tolerance zone coincides with the datum.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng a e d i Datum A-B (Figure 150). y s de rk av loa two N n Secondary datum B perpendicular to primary datum A (not ne (Figure 151). to owshown) d RI 7D an I IS /64 ing y by 2/4 Figure 152 d / op se :25 y, c n l R e n c Li BE e o M nc U N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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18.14
Symmetry tolerance
18.14.1
Symmetry tolerance of a median plane Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) median surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,08 apart, which are symmetrically disposed about datum plane A.
a) 2D
b) 3D27 d. - te 5 i -0 hib
12 ro Figure ah 20 p 153
ep d: ing y sade ork v The extracted (actual) median surface shall between two parallel planes 0,08 apart, which are tw lo contained Na be wnd ne plane A-B. to odatum symmetrically disposed about the common I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 154
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Symbol
Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart, symmetrically disposed about the median plane, with respect to the datum.
a
Datum.
Figure 155
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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18.15
Circular run-out tolerance
18.15.1
Circular run-out tolerance — Radial Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to datum axis A shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1 (see Figure 156). The extracted (actual) line in any cross-section plane parallel to datum plane B shall be contained between two coplanar circles that are concentric to datum axis A, with a difference in radii of 0,1 (see Figure 157).
a) 2D
b) 3D 7 . Figure5156 -2 ited
0 ib 2- h h 01 pro a 2 ep d: ing y sade ork v Na nlo etw to ow d n I IR 7D an IS /64 ng by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 157
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Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to common datum straight line A-B shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,1.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 12 ro ah 20 g p p158 : in e Figure d s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d Definition n tolerance zone RI ofD the SI 647 ng a I / i y b 2/4 py The tolerance zone is limited within any dcross-section perpendicular to the datum axis by two concentric / o se :25 y, c of which coincide with the datum. circles with a difference in radii of t, theencentres l R n c Li BE e o M nc U N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
b) 3D
a
Datum.
b
Cross-section plane.
Figure 159
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Dimensions in millimetres Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any cross-section plane perpendicular to datum axis A shall be contained between two coplanar concentric circles with a difference in radii of 0,2.
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 160
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o a) 2D M nc NUlice # r r de use Figure 161 Or leg n Si
b) 3D
Run-out usually applies to complete features, but could be applied to a restricted part of a feature (see Figure 160).
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18.15.2
Circular run-out tolerance — Axial Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any cylindrical section, the axis of which coincides with datum axis D, shall be contained between two circles with a distance of 0,1.
a) 2D
b) 3D 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi Figure 162 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i y s de ork av loatolerance Definition ofNthe zone w et n to ow d n I The tolerance zone is limited to any cylindricalSIRsection 7D an by two circles a distance t apart lying in the cylindrical I /64 ing section, the axis of which coincides with thebydatum. 4 py / 2 ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M nc U N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a
Datum D.
b
Tolerance zone.
c
Any diameter.
Figure 163
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18.15.3
Circular run-out tolerance in any direction Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any conical section, the axis of which coincides with datum axis C, shall be contained between two circles within the conical section with a distance of 0,1.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw b) 3D to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi Figure 164 d 5/2 cop e ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M nc U N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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Symbol
Indication and explanation When the generator line for the toleranced feature is not straight, the apex angle of the conical section will change depending on the actual position [see Figure 166 (right) and Figure 165 b)].
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i Figure 165 s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d n tolerance zone Definition RI ofD the SI 647 ng a I y /4/ yi b The tolerance zone is limited within any econical d 5/2 copsection by two circles a distance t apart, the axes of which ns R:2 ly, coincide with the datum. e n c Li BE e o M c n The width of the tolerance zone is normal NUlice to the specified geometry unless otherwise indicated. r # er e d us Or leng i S
b) 3D
Symbol
a
Datum C.
b
Tolerance zone.
Figure 166
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18.15.4
Circular run-out tolerance in a specified direction Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) line in any conical section (angle ) corresponding to a direction feature (cone of half-angle ), the axis of which coincides with datum axis C, shall be contained between two circles 0,1 apart within the conical section.
a) 2D
b) 3D
Figure 167 Definition of the tolerance zone The tolerance zone is limited within any conical section of the specified angle by two circles a distance t apart, the axes of which coincide with the datum. 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
a
Datum C.
b
Tolerance zone.
Figure 168
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18.16
Total run-out tolerance
18.16.1
Total radial run-out tolerance Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of 0,1 and the axes coincident with the common datum straight line A-B.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop b) 3D e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc Figure 169 NUlice # r r e e d us Or leDefinition of the tolerance zone ng i S
The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in radii of t, the axes of which coincide with the datum.
a
Datum A-B.
Figure 170
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18.16.2
Total axial run-out tolerance Dimensions in millimetres
Symbol
Indication and explanation The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel planes 0,1 apart, which are perpendicular to datum axis D.
a) 2D
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw b) 3D to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / Figure 171 by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e s :2 y, n l ce R n Li BE e o Definition of the tolerance zone M c n NUlice The tolerance zone is limited r # er by two parallel planes a distance t apart and perpendicular to the datum. e d us Or leng i S
a
Datum D.
b
Extracted surface.
Figure 172
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Annex A (informative) Former practices
A.1 This annex describes former practices that have been omitted and are no longer used. Therefore, they are not an integral part of this International Standard, but should be used for information only. The following drawing indications were described in ISO 1101:1983. Their use in practice has shown that their interpretation was ambiguous. Therefore, these drawing indications should no longer be used. A.2 It was former practice to connect the tolerance frame by a leader line terminating with an arrow directly to the axis or median plane (see Figure A.1) or common axis or median plane (see Figures A.2 and A.3) when the tolerance referred to such feature(s). This was used as an alternate method to the indications shown in Figures 13, 14 and 15.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow A.2 Figure A.1 Figure Figure A.3 d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / i y b 2/4 py d triangle A.3 It was former practice to connect the datum and the datum letter directly to the axis or median / o se :25 y, c n lA.4) when the datum referred to such feature(s). This was R e plane or common axis or median plane (see Figure n c Li BE e o M nc used as an alternate method to the indicationUshown in Figures 33 to 35. N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Figure A.4 A.4 It was former practice to indicate datum letters without giving them an order of precedence (see Figure A.5). Therefore, it was not possible to clearly distinguish between the primary and secondary datum. This was used as an option to the indication shown in Figure 39.
Figure A.5
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A.5 It was former practice to connect the tolerance frame directly to the datum feature by a leader line (see Figures A.6 and A.7). This was used as an alternate method to the method described in 9.3.
Figure A.6
Figure A.7
A.6 It was former practice to indicate individual tolerance zones of the same value applied to several separate features as shown in Figures A.8 and A.10. This was used as an alternate method to the method described in 8.4. A.7 It was former practice to indicate the requirement for common zone by placing the label “common zone” near the tolerance frame (see Figures A.9 and A.10). This was used as an alternate method to the method described in 8.5.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice Figure A.8 # r r de -use r O le ng Si
Figure A.9
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Figure A.10
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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Annex B (normative) Assessment of geometrical deviations
B.1 General International documents concerning the assessment of geometrical deviations for cylindricity, roundness, flatness and straightness have been developed (see ISO 12180-1, ISO 12180-2, ISO 12181-2, ISO 12181-2, ISO 12780-1, ISO 12780-2, ISO 12781-1 and ISO 12781-2). However, at the time of publication of this International Standard, it has not been possible to reach a consensus on complete defaults for filter UPR (undulations per revolution), probe tip radius and method of association for cylindricity, roundness, flatness and straightness (i.e. the conditions for the reference cylinder, reference circle, reference plane and reference line, respectively). This means that specifications for cylindricity, roundness, flatness and straightness should explicitly state which values are to be used for these specification operations (according to ISO 17450-2) in order for it to be unique. NOTE It is intended that the indication of special specification operator be given in a forthcoming amendment to this International Standard. 7 . -2 ed
it 5 ibdefinitions Since no complete default has been established, a selection-0of for tolerance zones that are based 2 roh 1 on geometrically ideal features is given hereunder for pconsideration. These examples are given to show how ah 20 g p e d: kin s e to assess form deviations of extracted (actual) features and to compare them to tolerance zones. It shall be r vy ad wo t Na nlo nezones noted that the selection of definitions for tolerance does not describe the complete setup for the to ow d RI 7D an only constitutes incomplete defaults and are to be used required specification operations and, consequently, I IS /64 ing only if no further indication is given (see also notenote). by 2above /4 py ed 5/ co ns R:2 ly, e n c To ensure compatibility with previous Li BE e o practice, this annex reproduces and enhances elements of M c en this edition. ISO 1101:1983 not otherwise covered NUlicin r # er e d us Or leA selection of definitions for tolerance zones that are based on geometrically ideal features is given for ng i S consideration. Examples are given to show how to assess form deviations of extracted (actual) features and to
compare them to tolerance zones.
B.2 Straightness The straightness of a single toleranced feature is deemed to be correct when the feature is confined between two straight lines, and the distance between both is equal to or less than the value of the specified tolerance. The orientation of the straight lines shall be chosen so that the maximum distance between them is the least possible value.
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An example for a particular cross-section is given as follows:
Figure B.1 A1-B1
A2-B2
A3-B3
Corresponding distances:
h1
h2
h3
In the case of Figure B.1:
h1
Possible orientations of the straight lines:
h2
h3
Therefore the correct orientation of the straight lines is A1-B1. The distance h1 is to be equal to or less than the specified tolerance. 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e rk when the feature is confined between both The flatness of a single toleranced feature is deemed to be ycorrect d o av loa than tw planes, and the distance between them is equal to or Nless the value of the specified tolerance. The n o ow d ne t I D n orientation of the planes shall be chosen so that theIRmaximum distance between them is the least possible a 7 IS /64 ng value. by 2/4 pyi d / e 5 co ns R:2 ly, e n c An example is given as follows: Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
B.3 Flatness
Figure B.2 Possible orientations of the planes
A1-B1-C1-D1
A2-B2-C2-D2
Corresponding distances
h1
h2
In the case of Figure B.2:
h1
h2
Therefore the correct orientation of the planes is A1-B1-C1-D1. The distance h1 is to be equal to or less than the specified tolerance.
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B.4 Roundness The roundness of a single toleranced feature is deemed to be correct when the feature is confined between two concentric circles such that the difference in radii is equal to or less than the value of the specified tolerance. The location of the centres of these circles and the value of their radii shall be chosen so that the difference in radii between the two concentric circles is the least possible value. An example for a particular cross-section is given as follows:
Figure B.3 . 0 hib 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng in radii, r . Centre (C1) of A1 locates two concentric circles with difference e d i s e k 1 vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d locates two concentric circles Centre (C2) of D ndifference in radii, r2. RI with SI 647 ng a I / by 2/4 pyi ed 5/ co In the case of Figure B.3: r2 r1 ns R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M c n NU e Therefore the correct locations of r the # r lictwo concentric circles is the one designated e e d us Or le- than the specified tolerance. r2 should then be equal to or less ng i S
d 27 their Possible locations of the centres of the two concentric circles and minimal difference in radii. 5- ite
A2. The difference in radii
B.5 Cylindricity The cylindricity of a single toleranced feature is deemed to be correct when the feature is confined between two coaxial cylinders such that the difference in radii is equal to or less than the value of the specified tolerance. The location of the axes of these cylinders and the value of their radii shall be chosen so that the difference in radii between the two coaxial cylinders is the least possible value.
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An example is given as follows:
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R on Li BE eFigure B.4 M nc NUlice # er ser Possible locations of the axes of the twordcoaxial cylinders and their minimal u O leng i S Axis (Z1) of A1 locates two coaxial cylinders with difference in radii, r1.
difference in radii.
Axis (Z2) of A2 locates two coaxial cylinders with difference in radii, r2. In the case of Figure B.4: r2 r1 Therefore the correct location of the two coaxial cylinders is the one designated A2. The difference in radii r2 should then be equal to or less than the specified tolerance.
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Annex C (normative) Relations and dimensions of graphical symbols
To harmonize the sizes of the symbols specified in this International Standard with those of the other inscriptions on the drawing (dimensions, letters, tolerances), the rules given in this annex, which are in accordance with ISO/IEC 81714-1, shall be observed. Further graphical symbols are given in ISO 3098-5. The graphical symbols described in Table 2 shall be drawn in accordance with Figures C.1 to C.5. The single-letter symbol given in Table 2 shall be drawn according to Figure C.6.
Figure C.1 — Intersection plane indicator 7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 pyi d 5/2— o Orientation plane indicator FigureseC.2 c n R:2 ly, e n c Li BE e o M nc U N lice # r r de use Or leg n Si
Figure C.3 — Collection plane indicator
Figure C.4 — Direction feature indicator
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Figure C.5 — “Between” symbol
Figure C.6 — “From ... to” symbol
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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Annex D (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model
D.1 General For full details about the GPS matrix model, see ISO/TR 14638. The ISO GPS Masterplan given in ISO/TR 14638 gives an overview of the ISO GPS system of which this document is a part. The fundamental rules of ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document. The default decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document, unless otherwise stated.
D.2 Information about the standard and its use This International Standard contains basic information for the geometrical tolerancing of workpieces. It represents the initial basis and describes the fundamentals for geometrical tolerancing.
D.3 Position in the GPS matrix model
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 proinfluences the chain link 1, 2 and 3 of the chains This International Standard is a general GPS standard,pawhich : 2 ing e d s and of standards on form, orientation, location and run out e k chain link 1 of the chain of standards on datums in vy oad wor l et the general GPS matrix, as graphically illustratedo NinawnFigure D.1. t o dn RI 7D an I IS /64 ng Global GPS standards by 2/4 pyi d / o se :25 y, c n l ce R n Li BE e o General GPS standards M c n NUlice # Chain link number 1 2 3 4 5 6 r r de use Size Or leng Distance Si
Fundamental GPS standards
Radius Angle Form of line independent of datum Form of line dependent of datum Form of surface independent of datum Form of surface dependent of datum Orientation Location Circular run-out Total run-out Datums Roughness profile Primary profile Waviness profile Surface imperfections Edges
Figure D.1 — Position in the GPS matrix model
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D.4 Related standards The related standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in Figure D.1.
7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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Bibliography
[1]
ISO 128 (all parts), Technical drawings — General principles of presentation
[2]
ISO 129 (all parts), Technical drawings — Indication of dimensions and tolerances
[3]
ISO 3040:1990, Technical drawings — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Cones
[4]
ISO 3098-0, Technical product documentation — Lettering — Part 0: General requirements
[5]
ISO 3098-2:2000, Technical product documentation — Lettering — Part 2: Latin alphabet, numerals and marks
[6]
ISO/TR 5460:1985, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out — Verification principles and methods — Guidelines
[7]
ISO 7083:1983, Technical drawings — Symbols for geometrical tolerancing — Proportions and dimensions
[8]
ISO/TR 14638:1995, Geometrical product specification (GPS) — Masterplan
[9]
ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices
[10]
ISO 81714-1, Design of graphical symbols for use in the technical documentation of products — Part 1: Basic rules . 27 d
[11]
- te 05 ibi 2- roh 1 p ISO 3098-5, Technical product documentation ah— 20 Lettering ep d: king s e alphabet, numerals and marks r vy ad o Na lo tw o ownd ne t I IR 7D an IS /64 ing y b /4 y d /2 op se :25 y, c n l ce R n Li BE e o M c n NUlice r # er e d us Or leng i S
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7 . -2 ted 05 hibi 2 h 01 pro pa : 2 ng e d i s e k vy ad or Na nlo netw to ow d RI D n SI 647 ng a I / by /4 yi d 5/2 cop e ns :2 ly, ce R n Li BE e o M nc NUlice # r r de use Or leg n Si
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