Isi Makalah Kista Odontogen Kelompok 1 RSUD GRESIK

 

DED L ^BKMEJRFREK

Olste Ols te `brupe `brupeoek oek sefej sefej setu obfelk obfelkek ek mefe` mefe` rakcce rakcce `ufut `ufut yekc yekc sbrlkc mlgu`pel afbj maotbr clcl. Olste rakcce `ufut `brupeoek suetu rakcce petafacls yekc mlfeplsl afbj bpltbf yekc tbrmlrl etes bpltbf mbktef eteupuk eteu puk bpltbf bpltbf kakmbk kakmbktef tef sbrte sbrte dbrlsl dbrlsl helrek helrek eteu eteu sbtbkc sbtbkcej ej helrek. helrek. Olste Olste mepet mltb`uoek ml mefe` gerlkcek fukeo eteu ml ektere tufekc eteu mepet  pufe dbreme ml etes pbr`uoeek tufekc.5  @bkuru @bkurutt Ore`br Ore`br,, olste olste emefej emefej sbduej rakcce petafacls yekc dbrlsl helrek, sb`l helr eteu `etbrl sbpbrtl ces yekc duoek dbresef merl pbku`puoek pus. Xbrlkc tbrgeml, tbtepl tlmeo  `utfeo mek guce mldetesl mbkcek bpltjbflu`.4 Olste Ols te rejekc rejekc fbdlj fbdlj sbrlkc sbrlkc mltb`u mltb`uoek oek mldekm mldekmlkc lkcoek oek olste olste tufekc tufekc felkkye oerbke dekyeokye slse-slse sbf bpltbf yekc tbrtlkccef peme gerlkcek sbtbfej pb`dbktuoek clcl.8 ^brtu`dujek olste rejekc dbrfekcsukc fe`det, esl`ta`etlo obhuefl dlfe tbrlkibosl. @eyarltes olste dbruourek obhlf mek tlmeo `bkybdedoek pb`dbkcoeoek ml pbr`uoeek gerlkcek. Epedlfe tlmeo  eme lkibosl, `eoe sbhere oflkls pb`dbserekkye `lkl`ef mek dbrdetes gbfes. ^b`dbserek olste mepet `bkybdedoek esl`btrl wegej, pbrcbsbrek clcl mek  pbrudejek aofusl, jlfekckye clcl yekc dbrjudukcek eteu clcl tbtekcce, sbrte pbrcbsbrek clcl tlruek. Olste yekc tbrfbteo ml mboet pbr`uoeek mek tbfej `bfues ob mefe` gerlkcek gerlkcek fukeo, fukeo, sbrlkc tbrfljet tbrfljet dbrwerke dbrwerke dlru tbrekc mek `b`drek `uoase yekc `bkutupl sekcet tlpls. Olste yekc tbrlkibosl

5

 

`bkybdedoek rese seolt dlfe mlsbktuj. Xb`ue tekme ofeslo lkibosl eout eoek tbrfljet gloe tbrgeml lkibosl. Olste yekc tbrfbteo ml mboet pbr`uoeek, tbfej `bfues ob mefe` gerlkcek fukeo sbrlkc tbrfljet dbrwerke dlru tbrekc mek `b`drek `uoase yekc `bkutuplkye sekcet tlpls. =  Dbrmeseroek pbkbfltlek Gbek-^euf @ moo peme tejuk 4>>9 mbkcek  gu`fej oesus 955 merl sb`ue olste rakcce `ufut, yekc tbrdekyeo emefej obfa`pao olste amaktacbklo, sbpbrtl olste remloufer, olste mbktlcbraus, mek obretasls amaktacbklo. Gbkls olste ols te amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo yekc yekc peflkc peflkc sbrlkc sbrlkc mlgu` mlgu`pel pel emefej emefej olste olste remlou remloufer  fer  sbolter sbol ter 92-3>% 92-3>%.. Irboub Irboubksl ksl obgeml obgemlekk ekkye ye geuj geuj fbdlj fbdlj tlkccl tlkccl mldekm mldekmlkc lkcoek oek mbkcek mbk cek olste olste fel felkky kkye, e, sbpbrt sbpbrtll olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us yekc yekc dbrols dbrolser er 52- 5:%, 5:%, eteu eteupu puk k

olst olstee

obre obreta tasl slss

amak amakta tacb cbkl klo o

db dbro rols lser er

88-5> 5>% %

sb sbrt rtee

ol olst stee

kesapefetlkus sbolter 4-2%.5 Olste amaktacbklo amaktacbklo `brupeoek `brupeoek olste yekc peflkc peflkc sbrlkc mlgu`pel mlgu`pel sbpbrtl olste eploef eteu remloufer, olste mbktlcbraus, mek olste obretasls amaktacbk amak tacbklo. lo. Xbfelk ltu tbrmepet tbrmepet guce olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo lo felkkye felkkye sbpbrtl sbpbrtl olste ols te rbslmue rbslmuef, f, olste olste pbrlam pbrlamakt aktee fet fetbre bref, f, olste olste brupsl brupsl,, olste olste clkclv clkclvef ef mek  pefetef,

olste

amaktacbklo yekc

`bkcefe`l

oefsliloesl

(hefhliylkc

amaktacbklh hyst).5

4

 

DED LL ]LKGEREK ^RX]EOE E. Olste

Olste mlmbilklsloek sbdecel suetu rakcce yekc dbrlsl helrek, sb`l helrek, helr ek, eteupu eteupuk k ces yekc yekc mlflpu mlflputl tl afbj afbj gerlkc gerlkcek ek `b`dre `b`drek k bpltbf bpltbf.. 9  Olste emefej suetu rakcce petafacls yekc dbrlsl helrek, sb`l helrek, eteu dbrlsl ces yekc tbrdbktuo duoek oerbke eou`ufesl pus.3  Ol Olst stee mepe mepett dbre dbrese seff merl merl slse slse ge gerl rlkc kcek ek pb pb`d `dbk bktu tuo o cl clcl cl ye yekc kc mlke mlke`e `eoe oek k

olst olstee

amak amakta tacb cbkl klo, o, mepe mepett

pu pufe fe `b `bru rupe peoe oek k

ol olst stee

ye yekc kc

 pb`dbktuoekkye tlmeo dbroeltek mbkcek gerlkcek pb`dbktuo clcl yekc mlke`eoek olste kakamaktacbklo. Merl sb`ue olste rakcce `ufut, yekc tbrdekyeo emefej obfa`pao olste amaktacbklo.5 D. Btlafacl mek petacbkbsls petacbkbsls

^bkybded tl`dufkye olste oemekc tlmeo mlobtejul, ke`uk dlesekye `brupe `br upeoek oek eoldet eoldet merl merl prasbs prasbs lkife` lkife`esl, esl, treu`e, treu`e, eteupu eteupuk k oerbke oerbke hehet hehet b`drlacbklo. ]btepl peme u`u`kye, sbdeclek dbser olste amaktacbk tbrgeml eoldet eol det emekye emekye prafli praflibres bresll merl merl slse bpltbf bpltbf peme peme seet pbrob` pbrob`dek dekcek cek clcl. clcl. Bpltbf yekc dbrpbrek peme prasbs tbrgemlkye olste amaktacbk emefej sbdecel  dbrlout7  Bpltjbflef rbsts ai @efessbz , rbmuhb rbmuhbm m bke`bf bke`bf bpltjbflu` bpltjbflu`,, mek  cfekms ai Xbrrbs. Xbrrbs.  Bpltjbflef rbsts ai @efessbz   `brupe `brupeoek oek bpltbf bpltbf yekc yekc tbrdbktuo tbrdbk tuo eoldet merl prasbs irec`bktesl irec`bktesl merl bpltjbflef raat sjbetj ai 3   Jbrtwlc   peme seet prasbs amaktacbkbsls, bpltbf lkl dbrpbrek peme prasbs  pb`dbktuoek olste remloufer, olste rbslmuef, mek olste perembktef. 5

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 Tbmuhbm bke`bf bpltjbflu`  bpltjbflu`  `brupe `brupeoek oek bpltbf yekc yekc dbrese dbreseff merl merl bke`bf arcek mek `bkybfudukcl `ejoate clcl yekc tlmeo brupsl, bpltbf lkl  dbrpbrek peme pb`dbktuoek olste mbktlcbraus mek olste brupsl. Cfekms ai  Xbrrbs   `brupeoek bpltbf yekc tbrslse sbtbfej prasbs mlsafusl merl mbktef Xbrrbs fe`lke, bpltbf lkl dbrpbrek peme pbrtu`dujek amaktacbklh obretahyst, olste fetbref, mek olste peme clkclvef. 5 H. Ofesliloesl

Dbrmes Dbr mesero eroek ek ofesli ofesliloe loesl sl SJA tejuk tejuk 4>>2, 4>>2, Olste Olste amakta amaktacbk cbk Ml sud sudofesli sliloesloek

`bkgeml

4

gbkls

yel elttu

lk lkif ife` e``e `eta tary ry

hy hyst st

me mek k

 3

mbvbfap`bktef hyst . \ekc tbr`esuo tbr`esuo lkife``etary hyst   emefej7 emefej7 reml remlhufer hufer hyst, rbslmuef  rbslmuef  hy hysst mek mek   perembkt perembktef ef hyst, sbmekcoek yekc tbr`esuo   mbvbfap`bktef hyst  emefej eme fej 7  clkclv clkclvef ef hyst ai kbwdar kbwdark, k, clkclv clkclvef ef hyst ai emuft, emuft, ama amakta ktacbk cbklh lh  cfekmufer hyst, mbktlcbraus hyst, artjaobretlklzbm amaktacbklh hyst, bruptla brup tlak k hyst, hyst, fetbre fetbreff pbrlam pbrlamakt aktef ef hyst,he hyst,hefhli fhliylk ylkc c amakta amaktacbk cbklh lh hyst mek amaktacbklh obretahyst.3 M. Olste amaktacbklo

Olste amaktacbk `brupeoek olste yekc mlkmlkc bpltbfkye dbresef me merl rl praf praflib libre resl sl sl slsese-sls slsee bp bplt ltbf bf am amak akta tacb cbkl klo o ye yelt ltu u bp bplt ltjb jbfle fleff rbst rbst ai   @efessbz, cfekm ai Xbrrbs, mek rbmuhbm bke`bf bpltjbflu`.  bpltjbflu`.  Dbrmeseroek btlafaclkye, btlafa clkye, olste amaktacbk amaktacbk mlofesliloes mlofesliloesloek loek `bkgeml lkife``etary hyst  mek mbvbfap`bktef hyst .3

=

 

B. Ofesliloesl Olste Amaktacbklo  e) Olst Olste e Teml Temlou oufe ferr

Olste remloufer emefej gbkls olste yekc lkslmbkslkye peflkc sbrlkc mltb`uoek mefe` preotlo obmaotbrek clcl, yeltu sbolter 923>% merl merl obsbfu obsbfuruj rujek ek oesus oesus olste olste amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo mek `brupe `brupeoek oek  pbkybded peflkc u`u` merl suetu pb`dbkcoeoek orakls mefe` `ufut.5 Olste remloufer `brupeoek suetu rakcce petafacls yekc eteu oektukc yekc dbrlsl helrek, bosumet rejekc, orlstef-orlstef oafbstraf, mek guce pratblk oaksbktresl tlkccl.3  

Btlafacl mek petjacbkbsls petjacbkbsls

Ols lste te

reml re mlo oufer fer

mlew mlewef efll

afb fbj j

em emek ekye ye

pr pra asb sbss

 pbremekcek yekc ob`umlek `bfues ob mebrej pbrlepbos eteu ugukc eoer clcl, jlkcce peme eojlrkye tbrdbktuo suetu `esse  dbrupe olste. ^bkybded tbrgemlkye olste remloufer lkl emefej  pufpe yekc `bkcefe`l lkibosl orakls. Jef lkl dlesekye tbrgem tbr gemll oerbke oerbke emekye emekye oerlbs oerlbs yekc yekc dbser dbser eteupuk eteupuk treu`e treu`e yekc tlmeo mlrewet sbjlkcce dbrfekgut fbdlj mefe` `bkugu  pufpe. Lkibosl L kibosl pufpe tbrsbdut tb rsbdut ob`umlek `bkybdedoek pufpe `bkgeml kak vltef mek lkibosl pufpe eoek tbrus `bkybder ob mebrej pbrlepbos `bfeful iare`bk eploef. 8  Olste Ols te remlou remloufer fer u`u`ky u`u`kyee `brupe `brupeoek oek `eklib `eklibstes stesll merll oerlbs mer oerlbs clcl clcl `eupuk `eupuk pufplt pufpltls ls yekc yekc ob`uml ob`umlek ek `bfefu `bfefull  prasbs pbremekcek `bkgefer merl pufpe ob mebrej pbrlepbos

2

 

clcl. ^rasbs pbremekcek yekc dbresef merl pufpe kak vltef `b`d `b `dbk bktu tuo o

gerl gerlkc kcek ek

cr crek ekuf ufes esll

ye yekc kc ml mlsb sbdu dutt

sb sbde dece cell

crekufa`e pbrlepbos. Crekufa`e lkl `b`pukyel hlrl dbrupe emekye gerlkcek crekufesl yekc `bremekc ml mebrej epbos clcl. clc l. ^brtu` ^brtu`duj dujek ek olste olste remlou remloufer fer sbrlkc sbrlkc mlmeju mlmejuful ful afbj afbj  pb`dbktuoek crekufa`e eploef.8 ^emee flce`b ^em flce`bkt kt pbrlam pbrlamakt aktef, ef, mebrej mebrej pbrlep pbrlepbos bos,, mek sb`bktu`, tbrmepet slse sbf pb`dbktuo clcl eteu slse bpltbf @efe @e fessb ssbz. z. Xbf Xbf lk lkll tlme tlmeo o fe fecl cl `b`p `b`puk ukye yell sli sliet et `lta `ltasls sls.. Xbfe`e pb`dbktuoek `esse gerlkcek crekufesl ml pbrlepbos, eoek eme slse-slse bpltbf @efessbz yekc tbrgbdeo ob mefe` `esse gerlkcek tbrsbdut. Xbf-sbf bpltbf yekc tbrgbdeo eoek `bkceotlioek sliet `ltaslskye ob`defl eoldet emekye prasbs  pbremekcek. 5 Xlse-sl Xls e-slse se bpltbf bpltbf @efessb @efessbzz ml mefe` mefe` crekuf crekufa`e a`e lkl eoek eoek

`bkc `bkcef efe` e`ll

pr praf afli libr bres esll

tb tbru russ-`b `bkb kbru russ

sb sbjl jlkc kcce ce

`b`dbktuo suetu ou`pufek sbf yekc sb`eolk dbrte`dej  dbser `bkgeml `esse bpltbf. Ou`pufek sbf eoek tbrus  dbrte`dej dbser oerbke `bkmepet pesaoek `eoekek yekc huoup merl gerlkcek pbkye`dukc ml sbolterkye, ke`uk peme eojlrkye sbf-sbf lkl eoek obourekcek `eoekek. 5 Xbf yekc dbreme ml declek tbkcej eoek tbrplsej merl  pb`dufuj merej oeplfbr mek helrek gerlkcek. Ob`umlek sbfs bf-

9

 

sbf tbrsb tbrsbdu dutt eo eoek ek `bkc `bkcef efe` e`ll mb mbcb cbkb kbre resl, sl, kb kbor oras asls, ls, me mek k `bkhelr sbrte peme eojlrkye `b`dbktuo suetu rakcce dbrlsl he helr lrek ek ye yelt ltu u ra rakc kcce ce olste olste.. ^ufe ^ufeuu-pu pufe feu u bp bplt ltbf bf db dbrs rset etu u `bkcbflflkcl fu`bk olste mek tbrdbktuofej olste remloufer.

5

]brm ]b rmep epet et tlce tlce ie ieot otar ar ut ute` e`ee me mefe fe` ` pe peta tacb cbkb kbsl slss  pb`dbktuoek olste remloufer,

yeltu

praflibresl

bpltbf,

 pbkceruj jlmrestetlo helrek helre k olste, mek ieotar rbsarpsl tufekc. ]ejep ewef emefej emekye lkibosl peme oe`er pufpe yekc `brekcsekc pbremekcek mek praflibresl slse bpltbf @efessbz. ^raflibresl bpltbf `brupeoek jeslf lrltesl merl pramuo lrltek yekc yek c dbresef dbresef merl merl sefure sefurek k eoer eoer yekc yekc tbrlki tbrlkibos bosl, l, sbjlkcc sbjlkccee `bkybdedoek pbremekcek orakls ml mebrej pbrlepbos.5 ^rafli ^ra flibres bresll sbf bpltbf bpltbf lkl eoek eoek dbrfek dbrfekcsu csukc kc tbrustbrus`bkbrus mek `b`dbktuo suetu ou`pufek sbf. Xbf-sbf yekc tbrmepet peme declek tbkcej ou`pufek lkl ob`umlek eoek tbrplsej-plsej mek sb`eolk geuj merl gerlkcek pbkye`dukc ml sb sbol olte terk rkye ye,,

ye yekc kc `bru `brupe peoe oek k

su`d su`dbr br `eoe `eoeke kekk kkye ye..

Ob`umlek sbf-sbf `bkgeml ruseo oerbke obourekcek su`dbr  `eoekek `eoek ek mek peme eojlrkye eojlrkye eoek `bkcefe`l `bkcefe`l mbcbkbresl, mbcbkbresl, kborasls, mek `bkgeml helr. Afbj oerbke ltu, eoek tbrdbktuo  suetu rakcce dbrmlkmlkc dbrmlkmlkc bpltbf bpltbf yekc `bkcekmukc `bkcekmukc helrek ml me mefe` fe`ky kye. e. Olste Olste re reml mlou oufe ferr db dbro rob` b`de dekc kc sbhere sbhere fe fe`d `det et sb sbj jlk lkcc ccee

`bkl `bkl` `dufoe ufoek k

pb` pb`db dbkc kco oeo eoek ek

mek

tlm tlmeo 

3

 

`b`dbrloek cbgefe se`pel olste tbrsbdut huoup dbser mek te`peo `bkhafao.5  Ie Ieot otar ar

yekc yekc

`b`p `b`pbk bkce ceru rujl jl

pb pb`d `dbs bser erek ek

ol olst stee

remlou rem loufer fer emefej emefej tboeke tboekek k jlmras jlmrastet tetlo lo mefe` mefe` rakcc rakccee olste. olste. Epedlfe Epedl fe lkibosl lkibosl tbrus dbrfekgut, dbrfekgut, eou`ufesl eou`ufesl helrek olste eoek sb`eolk dekyeo, sbjlkcce olste eoek sb`eolk `b`dbser. ]boe ]b oeke kek k jlmr jlmras aste tetl tlo o ml mefe mefe` ` ol olst stee em emef efej ej sb sbol olte terr 3> ``Jc.5 Xbdeclek dbser helrek rakcce olste emefej bosumet rejekc mek `bkcekmukc pratblk mbkcek oaksbktresl tlkccl ye yekc kc me mepe pett `b`b `b`bkc kceru erujl jl tb tboe oeke kek k as as`a `atl tlo. o. Xb Xbfe felk lk ltu, ltu, mlgu`p mlg u`pel el guce guce emekye emekye oafbstb oafbstbraf raf,, pramuo pramuo sbf merej merej yekc yekc tbfe tbfej j ru ruseo seo,, slse slse sb sbff bp bplt ltbf, bf, me mek k ildr ildrlk lk.. Em Emek ekye ye ml mlkm kmlk lkc c oe oepl plfb fbrr olst olstee remlo remlouf ufer er ye yekc kc db dbrsl rsliet iet pb pbr` r`be bedf dfb, b, `eoe `eoe  pbklkcoetek

tboekek

as`atlo

mefe`

rakcce

olste

`bkybdedo `bky bdedoek ek tbrtboekkye tbrtboekkye mlkmlkc olste tbrsbdut tbrsbdut sbjlkcce sbjlkcce olste eoek `b`dbser.5  ]boe ]b oeke kek k he helre lrek k pe peme me ml mlkm kmlk lkc c ol olst stee et eteu eu tb tboe oeke kek k jlmrastetlo eoek `bklkcoetoek eotlvltes astbaofes, sbjlkcce tbrgeml rbsarpsl tufekc. Eotlvltes astbaofes peme tufekc lkl `brupeoek pbkceruj fekcsukc merl prastecfekmlk mek ieotar  rbsarpsl rbsa rpsl tufekc tufekc fel felkky kkye. e. Ieotar Ieotar-ieo -ieotar tar lkl dbresef dbresef merl merl sbf

:

 

 pbremekcek sbrte uksur-uksur sbfufer peme mebrej ml sbobflflkc olste.

 

remloufer `brupeoek suetu oektukc dbrmlkmlkc bpltbf yekc  dbrlsl helrek, gerlkcek kboratlo, orlstef oafbstrlk mek je`plr  sbfefu mlgu`pel mlgu`pel emekye emekye pus. ^eme u`u`kye u`u`kye olste remloufer  remloufer  `b`l `b `lfl flol ol mle` mle`bt btbr br sb sbol olte terr >, >,2 2 se se`p `pel el 5. 5.2 2 h` mb mbkc kcek ek obtbdefek mlkmlkc yekc dbrverlesl. Feplsekkye mepet jefus eteupu ete upuk k oeser oeser mek mlmefe mlmefe`ky `kyee `bkcek `bkcekmuk mukc c helrek helrek yekc yekc te`peo dbrolfeu oerbke tbrmepet oekmukcek oafbstbraf, eteu `etbrl yekc eceo obktef. 5 Ce`der Ce` derek ek `loraso `lorasoapl aplss olste olste remlou remloufer fer tbrmlrl tbrmlrl etes oe oeps psuf uf mlkm mlkmlk lkc c olste olste sb sbrte rte helre helrek k me mefe fe` ` ra rakc kcce ce ol olst ste. e. Ml Mlkm kmlk lkc c olst olstee mlfe mlfepl plsl sl afbj afbj bp bplt ltbf bf cb cbpb pbkc kc db dbrf rfep epls ls te teo  o   dbrobretlk yekc `bkukguooek emekye pbkakgafek ob fuer, sp spak akcl clas asls ls,,

mek mek

jypb jypbrp rpfe fesl sle. e.

Bplt Bpltbf bf

cb cbpb pbkc kc

db dbrf rfep epls ls

u`u`kye rbfetli tbdef, sbrlkc mlgu`pel eoektasls, ufsbresl, sbmekc sbm ekcoek oek obretlk obretlklses lsesll gerekc gerekc mlgu`p mlgu`pel. el. Feplsek Feplsek bpltbf bpltbf tbrsbdut `brupeoek jeslf praflibresl slse sbf bpltbf @efessbz. Obtbdefek feplsekkye dbrverlesl, yeltu ektere 5 se`pel 2> feplsek sbf mek peme obdekyeoek oesus `b`lflol obtbdefek eketere 9 se`pel 4> feplsek sbf. 5  Oemekc-oem Oemek c-oemekc ekc feplsek sbf desef tlmeo fbkcoep fbkcoep eteu `ukcolk guce tlmeo eme se`e sboefl. ^raflibresl eotli slse bpltbf @efessbz mepet `b`dbktuo feplsek bpltbf yekc teo   dbreturek, jlpbrpfestlo, te`peo sbpbrtl gefe, hlkhlk eteupuk

55

 

 dbrdbktuo erhemb mek te`peo emekye sbf remekc eout. ^eme obem obemee eek k tbrt tbrtbk bktu tu sb sbff-sb sbff bp bplt ltbf bf cb cbpb pbkc kc db dbrf rfep epls ls tlme tlmeo  o   dbrobretlk lkl eoek `bkcefe`l `btepfesle sbjlkcce mepet  dbrdbktuo sbf-sbf `uous mek sbf bpltbf oafu`ker dbrslfle.5  Obdbremeek obmue sbf lkl sbmlolt dbrdbme, sbf `uous eteu sbf cadfbt mltb`uoek peme olste remloufer rejekc etes mek dewej, sbmekcoek sbf-sbf dbrslfle mltb`uoek peme olste remloufer rejekc etes. Xbfelk obmue sbf tbrsbdut, tbroemekc  guce mltb`uoek emekye demek jleflk Tjustak mbkcek ce`d ce`der erek ek basl baslka kail ilfl flo. o. Dbse Dbserk rkye ye sb sbol olte terr >, >,5 5 `` me mek k  dbktuokye mepet dbrekboe rece`, `lsefkye sbpbrtl gbpltek, furus, dbrfbouo-fbouo, eteupuk `b`ekgekc.5

 Ce`der 4 7 Ce`derek Jlstapetafacls olste remloufer <  

^bketefeosekeek

Fbsl Fb sl

pbrl pbrlep eplo loef ef

(o (ols lste te/c /cre reku kufa fa`e `e))

eo eoek ek

me mepe pett

mlekcoet mlekc oet mbkcek mbkcek delo mbkcek bostreosl clcl pbkybded pbkybded yekc kakvlt kak vltef ef mek mllou mlloutl tl mbkcek mbkcek ourbte ourbtesb sb peme peme declek declek eploef eploef tbrsbdut. Eftbrketli felk emefej mlfeouoek pbkclslek sefurek

54

 

eoer yekc mlloutl mbkcek eplhabhta`y (mlrbht ourbtesb merl fbsl). \ekc obtlce, mek yek peflkc sbrlkc mlcukeoek, emefej `bkccukeoek pbkclslek sefurek eoer sege, oerbke dlesekye  peme dekyeo fbsl pbrleploef crekufa`e eoek jlfekc sbtbfej  pbkcekcoetek mebrej yekc `bkybdedoek lkibosl (kboratlo   pufpe). Dbmej (eplhabhta`y mek hurbtecb) emefej uktuo  `bkcjl `bk cjlfek fekcoe coek k fbsl yekc yekc pbrslst pbrslstbkt bkt (`bkbt (`bkbtep) ep),, lkmloe lkmloesl sl uktuo ukt uo olste olste yekc yekc eme peme peme pbrewe pbrewetek tek sefurek sefurek eoer eoer yekc yekc cecef.5  Obtloe Obt loe clcl clcl yekc yekc kborat kboratlo lo ml ekcoet ekcoet ke`uk ke`uk olste olste tlmeo tlm eo tbrekco tbrekcoet et sbfuruj sbfurujkye kye,, `eoe `eoe `ukcol `ukcolk k eoek eoek tbrgem tbrgemll rbslmue rbsl mueff hyst hyst peme peme weotu weotu dbdbre dbdbrepe pe dufek dufek eteu eteu dbdbrep dbdbrepee tejuk tej uk ob`uml ob`umlek ek sbtbfej sbtbfej mlfeou mlfeoueoe eoek k bostlrp bostlrpesl esl ewef. ewef. Gloe Gloe olste rbslmuef eteu fbsl olste pbrleploef ewef tlmeo mlrewet,  pbrob`dekcek eoek tbrus dbfekgut mek `bkybdedoek rb rbsa sarp rpsl sl tufe tufekc kc yekc yekc sl slck ckli lilo loek ek me mek k ob ob`u `uml mlek ek eo eoek ek `bfb`ej `bf b`ejoek oek `ekmld `ekmldufe ufe eteu eteu `eoslf `eoslfe. e. ^brdel ^brdeloek oek tufekc tufekc sbhere sb`purke dlesekye eoek te`peo sbtbfej mlfeouoek  pbrewetek peme olste pbrleploef eteu rbslmuef.4 d) Olste Olste pbrlamakte pbrlamakteff fetbref fetbref mek olste olste clkclvef clkclvef fetbref fetbref  

Btlafacl mek petacbkbsls petacbkbsls

Olst stee

pbrlamaktef

fetbref

`bru rup peoek

olste

amaktacbk amak tacbklo lo yekc pbrob`dekc pbrob`dekcekkye ekkye mlmuce mlmuce dbresef merl

58

 

fe`lke mbktls mefe` tufekc lktbrmbktef. Olste lkl mlekccep `brupeoek declek olste clkclve peme arekc mbwese yekc  dbreme mefe` tufekc. Tekcsekcek yekc `bkybdedoek tbrgemlkye praflibresl olstlo merl slse bpltbf @efessbz dbfu` mlobtejul sbhere pestl. Olste clkclve fetbref jekye `bkcbkel  gerlkcek clkclve, tlmeo `bkcbkelo tufekc. Olste pbrlamaktef fetb fetbref ref me mek k olste olste clkc clkclv lvee fe fetb tbre reff `ukc `ukcol olk k db dbres resef ef me merl rl mbcbkbresl mbcbk bresl olstlo slse sbf bpltbf mefe` flce`bkt flce`bkt pbrlamakte pbrlamakteff eteu clkclve. Emepufe yekc dbrpbkmepet olste dbresef merl treu`e.5  

Ce`derek oflkls

Olste Ols te pbrlam pbrlamakt aktef ef fet fetbref bref mek olste olste clkclv clkclvef ef peme peme mbwese dekyeo ml tb`ul peme clcl prb`afer `ekmldufe mek rbcla husplm mek guce peme mebrej lkl. ^eme `eoslfe, fbsl  dlesekye mltb`uoek peme rbcla lkslsli. Olste ^brlamaktef fetb fetbref ref dlese dleseky kyee fbdl fbdlj j hb hbkm kmbr bruk ukc c `bky `bkybr brek ekc c fe feol ol‘f ‘feo eoll mbkcek mlstrldusl 4 jlkce 5. Olste Clkclvef peme mbwese tlmeo tlm eo `bkukg `bkukguoe uoek k obhbkm obhbkmbru brukce kcek k obfe`l obfe`lk. k. @bmlek @bmlek usle usle uktuo obmue tlpb lkl emefej mlektere mboemb ob-fl`e mek obbke` bke`,, yelt yeltu u dbro dbrols lser er ek ekte tere re 4> 4>-: -:2 2 te teju juk k uk uktu tuo o ol olst stee  pbrlamakte fetbref mek =>-32 tejuk uktukc olste clkclve  peme mbwese.5 

5=

 

Xbhere Xbh ere oflkls oflkls,, olste olste clkclv clkclvee `bkukg `bkukguoe uoek k emekye emekye  pb`dbkcoeoek obhlf peme gerlkcek fukeo ml mefe` eteu peme  declek lkibrlar merl lktbrmbktef peplf. Ml`eke eoek te`peo  mlsoafarlse mlsoa farlsesl sl yekc dbrwerke obdlru‘dlru obdlru‘dlruek ek obtloe obtloe sbmlolt sbmlolt `b`dbser. `b`d bser. Obdekyeoek Obdekyeoek mle`btbr olste dbruourek dbruourek ourekc ourekc merl merl 5 h`. h`. Mek Mek tlme tlmeo o em emee ce ce`d `der erek ek re reml mlac acre reil ilo o ye yekc kc tbrfljet.5  Ol Olste ste pb pbrla rlama makt ktef ef fe fetb tbref ref db dbrsl rslie iett esl`p esl`pta ta`e `etl tlo, o, `umej `um ej ml ce`der ce`deroek oek,, dbrdbk dbrdbktuo tuo dukmer dukmer eteu uklfah uklfahufe ufer  r  tbermrap

(sb sbp pbrtl

tbtbse sek k

el elrr

`et etee)

mek

dlese sek kye

`uftlfaoufer. 5  

Ce`derek remlafacl

Ce`d Ce `der erek ek

reml remlaf afac acls ls

ol olst stee

pb pbrl rlam amak akte teff

fe fetb tbre reff

`b`dbr `b` dbr ce`der ce`derek ek tlploe tlploeff remlaf remlafusb usbk k uklfao uklfaoufe uferr dbrdet dbrdetes es tbces tbrfbteo ektere eoer-eoer clcl yekc `eslj vltef merl clcl yekc brupsl peme usle rb`ege mek mbwese `ume. ]b`pet  prbmlfbosl ml erbe oeklkus prb`afer dewej. ^eme, `eoslfe sbrlkc mltb`uoek ml erbe oeklkus lkslsli fetbref. R`u`kye ce`derek remlafusbk dbrmle`btbr ourekc merl 5> ``.5

52

 

Ce`der 8 7 Ce`derek remlafacls olste fetbref pbrlamaktef <

   

Ce`derek jlstapetafacl jlstapetafacl

Olste mlfeplsl bpltbf cbpbkc dbrfepls mbkcek obretlk tlpls eteu mue fepls bpltbf oudls rbkmej eteu afbj bpltbf yekc teo dbrobr dbrobretl etlk. k. Olste Olste pbrlam pbrlamakt aktef ef fet fetbref bref yekc yekc dbrdbk dbrdbktuo  tuo   paflolstlo sbhere `lorasoapls mlke`eoek olste ‖datryalm amaktacbklo‐.5

Ce`der = 7 Ce`derek jlstapetafacls olste fetbref pbrlamaktef< ^bketefeosekeek  

 

Boslsl dlesekye `brupeoek plfljek delo peme olste clkclvef `eupuk peme olste pbrlamaktef fetbref. Xbmekcoek olste datryalm amaktbcbklo `b`lflol obhbkmbrukcek uktuo 

59

 

rb rbou ourbk rbk.. Rktu Rktuo o `bkc `bkcet etesl eslky kye, e, ml serek serekoe oek k `bfe `bfeou ouoe oek k  pbrewetek uktuo olste `uftlfaoufer amaktbcbklo. amaktbcbklo.5> h) Olst Olste e mbkt mbktlc lcbr brau auss

Olste mbktlcbraus sbfefu mljudukcoek mbkcek `ejoate merl clcl yekc dbfu` `bkcefe`l brupsl eteu clcl yekc sbmekc tu`duj (oet (oetee

‖m ‖mbk bktl tlcb cbra raus us‐‐

dbre dbrert rtll

`b `bkc kcek ekmu mukc kc uksu uksurr cl clcl cl). ). Olst Olstee

mbktlcbraus dlese guce mlsbdut sbdecel olste iafloufer oerbke dbresef merl arcek b`elf eteu iaflobf clcl. Olste mbktlcbraus `bkcbflflkcl `ejoate clcl yekc dbfu` brupsl mek `bfboet peme clcl sbpekgekc mebrej meb rej sbrvlo sbrvloef. ef. Olste Olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us dleseky dlesekyee tbrdbk tbrdbktuo tuo peme peme clcl clcl l`peosl mek clcl supbrku`brerl pbr`ekbk. 5  

Btlafacl mek petacbkbsls petacbkbsls

Olste Ols te mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us eteu eteu olste olste iaflou iafloufer fer emefej emefej tlpb tlpb obmue merl olste amaktacbklo yekc peflkc sbrlkc ml tb`ul, me mek k `bru `brupe peoe oek k olste olste ye yekc kc pe pefl flkc kc sbrlk sbrlkc c sboefl sboefl em emee ml rejekc. Merl mbilklslkye, olste lkl `bfboet peme hbrvlx clcl (bke`bf-hb`bkta gukhtlak) mek dbrmboetek mbkcek `ejoate clcl yekc ukbrupsl. 5  Ol Olste ste

mb mbkt ktlc lcbr brau auss

db dbro rob` b`de dekc kc

me merl rl

pr praf afli libre bresl sl

bke`bff yekc tbrslse eteu pb`dbktuoek bke`b pb`dbktuoek bpltbflu` bpltbflu` bke`bf. Xe`e Xe`e sbpbr sbpbrtl tl olste olste tlpb tlpb felk felk,, bo bosp spek eksl sl me merl rl ol olst stee tlpb tlpb lk lkll  dbrjudukcek mbkcek praflibresl bpltbf, `bkcjlfekcoek

53

 

tufekc- ieotar rbsardsl, mek `bklkcoetkye helrek as`afefltes olste.5  

Ce`derek oflkls

Olst stee

mbktlcbra rau us

yekc

dbfu`

`bkcefe`l

oa`pfloesl sbpbrtl olste felkkye tlmeo eoek `bkybdedoek cbgefe se`pel pb`dbserekkye kyete tbrfljet. @bsol cbgefe  dlesekye tlmeo eme, mbkcek tbrfe`detkye brupsl clcl sb`eolk sb`eol k dbser pufe lkmloesl lkmloesl tbrgemlkye tbrgemlkye olste mbktlcbraus. mbktlcbraus. Gbkls Gbk ls olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us yekc yekc dbrjud dbrjudukc ukcek ek mbkcek mbkcek brupsl brupsl clcl sufukc mek tbtep peme ekeo mlke`ekye olste brupsl eteu olte lte

jb` jb`eta` eta`e. e.

Xbhe Xbhere re

oflkl flkls, s,

fb fbsl sl

te te` `peo peo

sb sbd decel ecel

 pb`dbkcoeoek flkcbr (rlmcb) efvbafer ml etes tb`pet clcl yekc sbmekc brupsl. brupsl. Xeet rakcce olste slrou`oarakef slrou`oarakef dbrlsl mere merej, j, pb`d pb`dbk bkco coeo eoek ek te`p te`peo eo uk ukcu cu et eteu eu se sekc kcet et dl dlru ru sbjlkcce mlke`eoek brupsl jb`eta`e. 5  Olste mepet `b`lflol dbrdecel `ehe` uourek, merl yekc yek c pb`dbs pb`dbserek erekkye kye dbrfek dbrfekcsu csukc kc fe`det fe`det peme peme oektak oektakc c  pbrloarakef jlkcce yekc `bflputl sbfuruj demek mek re`us `ekmldufe sbrte sbdeclek tufekc rejekc. Olste peme rejekc  dewej dlesekye mlgu`pel fbdlj dbser mldekmlkc rejekc etes. Olste mbktlcbraus dlesekye safltbr, dlfe `uftlpbf `ukcolk tbrg tbrgem emll db dbrse rse`e `eek ek mb mbkc kcek ek slkm slkmra ra` ` oe oersl rslka ka`e `e sbf de desef sef kbvalm. 5

5:

 

 

Ce`derek remlafacl

Ols lste te re reml mlaf afus usbk bk

mbktl bktlcb cbra rau us sl sl`b `btr trls ls,,

te te` `pe peo o

uklf uklfao aouf ufer er,,

dbr bru upe

db dbrd rdet etes es

ce`d e`der erek ek tb tbce ces, s,

me mek k

`bkcbf `bk cbflfl lflkcl kcl `ejoat `ejoatee clcl clcl yekc yekc tlmeo tlmeo brupsl brupsl (l`peo (l`peosl). sl). Obhu Ob huef efll

tbrl tbrlki kibo bosl sl

sb sbjl jlkc kcce ce

tb tbpl plky kyee

db dbrd rdet etes es

du duru ruo, o,

 pbrtu`dujek olste yekc fe`det mek tbretur, `b`duet olste mbktlcbraus `b`pukyel tbpl sofbratlo yekc dbrdetes tbces, mbkcek oartbos yekc gbfes, mek mltekmel mbkcek cerls detes remlapeo yekc tlpls. Ce`derek remlacreils olste lkl pbrfu mld ldbm bmeo eoek ek

mbkce bkcek k

ce`d e`der erek ek

ob obem emee eek k

kar ar` `ef

me merl rl

slrou`oarakef eteu ruekc iafloufer. ^eme oesus yekc felk, mebrej remlafusbk mepet `ukhuf `bkyusup ob erej fetbref mer erll `ej `ejoa oate te clc clcl, tbru tbrute te` `e gloe gloe olste lste rb rbfe fetl tlii dbs bser  er  uourekkye eteu gloe tbfet tbrgeml pbrudejek paslsl clcl merl tb`petkye.5 Mlekte Mle ktere re 83% clcl `afer `afer tlce tlce yekc yekc l`peos l`peosll peme peme `ekmld `ek mldufe ufe mek 52% clcl clcl `afer `afer tlce tlce yekc yekc l`peos l`peosll peme peme `eos `e oslf lfee ye yekc kc `b`p `b`pbrf brflj ljeto etoek ek re reml mlaf afus usbk bk pe peme me me mebre brej j  pbrloarakef, jekye 55% yekc ob`ukcolkek dbser mlmuce sbdece sbd ecell olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus. us. Dlesek Dlesekye ye ruekce ruekcek k pbrloa pbrloarak rakef ef yekc `bkhepel 4,2 `` eteu fbdlj mepet mlpbrtl`dekcoek sbdece sbd ecell gereo gereo `lkl`e `lkl`eff uktuo uktuo mepet mepet mlmlec mlmleckas kasls ls sbdece sbdecell ob`ukc ob` ukcolk olkek ek olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus. us. Olste Olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us jerus jerus

5<

 

mepet mldbmeoek mbkcek pb`dbserek oektakc iaflobf. ]lmeo  eme pbrdbmeek kyete ektere sbduej iaflobf clcl mek olste mbkt mbktlc lcbr brau auss

yekc yekc dbru dbruou oure rek k

ob obhl hlf, f,

ke ke`u `uk k

ce ce`d `der erek ek

remlafusbk dbruourek 8-= `` eteu fbdlj `bkclkmloesloek emekye pb`dbktuoek suetu olste.5

   

Ce`der 2 7 Ce`derek remlafacls olste mbktlcbraus<

Ce`derek jlstapetafacl jlstapetafacl

Ce`d e`der erek ek

jls lsta tape peta tafa fac cls

ol olst stee

mbk bktl tlc cbr bra aus

 dbrverlesl, u`u`kye tbrmlrl etes feplsek mlkmlkc gerlkcek loet tlpls, mlfeplsl bpltbf cbpbkc dbrfepls teo dbrobretlk yekc  dbrsetu mbkcek slse bpltbflu` b`elf, `bflputl eteu `bfboet  peme declek fbjbr `ejoate clcl. Olste mbktlcbraus tbrfljet  gbfes `b`dbktuo obretlk afbj oerbke `btepfesle.5 ^eme olste mbktlcbraus yekc tlmeo `bremekc, feplsek bpltbfkye tbrmlrl etes 4 se`pel = feplsek sbf bpltbflu` teo   dbrobretlk sbrte gerlkcek loet ml dewejkye `bkgeml rete. Mlkmlkc gerlkcek loet sudbpltbf lkl tlmeo tbrsusuk mbkcek  delo mek `bkcekmukc dejek meser cfloase`lkacfloek yekc

4>

 

huoup huou p dekyeo. dekyeo. Mlkmlkc gerlkcek loet sudbpltbf dbrdbktuo  oepsuf yekc dlesekye tbrsusuk afbj gerlkcek oafecbk yekc eceo eceo peme pemet. t. ^e ^eme me olst olstee mb mbkt ktlc lcbr brau auss ye yekc kc `bkc `bkcef efe` e`ll  pbremekcek eteu ete u `bkcefe`l lkibosl sboukmbr, feplsek fe plsek bpltbf `bkc bkcefe` efe`ll

jyp ypbr brp pfesl fesle, e,

tb tbrg rgem emll

eo eoek ekta tasl slss

mb mbkc kcek ek

 pbrob`dekcek rbtb pbc merl bpltbf soue`ase. ^eme olste mbktlcbraus yekc tbrlkife`esl, mlkmlkc ildrase fbdlj pemet oafecbk sbjlkcce fbdlj obkyef, mbkcek dbr`ehe`-`ehe` lkilftresl merl sbf remekc orakls. ^eme feplsek bpltbflef guce tbrf tbrflj ljet et

db dbr` r`eh ehe` e`-`e -`ehe` he` uo uour urek ek jy jypb pbrp rpfe fesl slee

mb mbkc kcek ek

 pbrob`dekcek merl rbtb rlmcbs. 5 ^emee dbdbre ^em dbdbrepe pe oesus oesus mltb`u mltb`uoek oek olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us yekc yek c `bkcek `bkcekmuk mukc c plc`bk plc`bk `bfekl `bfeklk k mek `bfeka `bfekaslt slt peme peme feplsek fep lsek mlkmlk mlkmlkc c bpltbf bpltbf.. Oemekc Oemekc-oe -oemek mekc c te`peo te`peo mlkmlk mlkmlkc c bpltbf mbkcek eteu tekpe pbr`uoeek obretlklsesl yekc jefus mek dekyeo crekufer merl plc`bk `bfeklk yekc tbrmlstrldusl ml sbf desef peme feplsek bpltbf. Xbf `uous mepet tbrsbder  mefe` mef e` bpltbf bpltbf olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus. us. Ml mefe` mefe` mlkmlk mlkmlkc c ildras ildrasee olste tbroemekc mltb`uoek sbf oafu`ker eteu sbf oudalmef yekc yekc `b`l `b`lfl flol ol dufu dufu cbte cbterr me mek k ou ou`p `puf ufek ek sb sbff sb sbde desb sbee  dbruourek obhlf. Rksur-uksur `uous, dufu cbter, mek sbdesbe mepet `brupeoek pbtukguo emekye patbksl feplsek bpltbflef amaktacbklo mefe` olste mbktlcbraus. 5

45

 

  Ce`der 9 7 Ce`derek jlstapetafacls olste mbktlcbraus 55  

^bketefeosekeek

^bkc ^bkcek ekco coet etek ek clcl clcl pb pbky kybd bded ed me mek k bk bkuo uofb fbes esll me merl rl  gerlkcek fukeo `brupeoek tbrepl yekc peflkc sbrlkc ml cukeoe cuk eoek. k. ^eme ^eme oesus oesus ml`eke ml`eke olste olste `bkcbk `bkcbkel el `ekmld `ekmldufe ufe sbhere slckliloek, slckliloek, pbrewetek pbrewetek ewef tbr`esuo tbr`esuo bxtbrrlarlsesl bxtbrrlarlsesl eteu eteu `ers `ersup uple lefl flse sesl sl merl merl ol olst stee mepe mepett ml mlfe feou ouoe oek k uk uktu tuo  o  `bkb `b kboe oek k mek mek pbky pbkyus usut utek ek me merl rl fb fbsl sl,, mb mbkc kcek ek mb mb`l `lol olek ek `bkcjeslfoek pbkukmeek tlkmeoek dbmej.5> Ob`ukc Ob` ukcolk olkek ek oa`pfl oa`pfloes oesll merl merl olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus us yekc tlmeo mlrewet tbr`esuo emekye treksiar`esl merl bpltbf flklkc jlkcce `bkgeml e`bfadfesta`e mek `ukcolk (wefeu  gerekc) dbrtreksiar`esl `bkgeml herhlka`etaus. ^eme oesus ml`eke ml` eke tbrmep tbrmepet et obdbrem obdbremeek eek sbf `uoaus `uoaus,, pbrob` pbrob`dek dekcek cek `bkgeml `bkge ml lktreassbaus lktreassbaus `uhabplmbr `uhabplmbr`alm `alm herhlka`e herhlka`e `ukcolk `ukcolk mepet tbrgeml.5>

44

 

m) Olst Olste e bru brups psll

Ol Olst stee br brup upsl sl `bru `brupe peoe oek k ol olst stee ye yekc kc ml mlkm kmlk lkc c bp bplt ltbf bfky kyee

`b`puk `b` pukyel yel juduk judukcek cek mbkcek mbkcek `ejoat `ejoatee clcl clcl susu eteu oemekc oemekc-oemekc clcl tbtep yekc sbmekc brupsl. Olste tbrdbktuo mefe` cusl ml etess `ejoat ete `ejoatee clcl clcl yekc yekc sbmekc sbmekc brupsl brupsl oerbke oerbke tbrgem tbrgemll eou`uf eou`ufesl esl helrek hel rek gerlkc gerlkcek ek eteu eteu merej merej ml mefe` mefe` suetu suetu ruekc ruekc iaflou iafloufer fer yekc yekc `b`dbs `b` dbser er ml sbolte sbolterr `ejoat `ejoatee clcl clcl yekc yekc brupsl brupsl.. Olste Olste lkl mepet mepet uklfet ukl fetbref bref eteu eteu dlfetb dlfetbref, ref, setu eteu eteu `uftlp `uftlpbf, bf, mek hakcbk hakcbklte ltef, f, mek  gerekc `bkybdedoek pbrcbsbrek clcl. ^eflkc sbrlkc mltb`uoek peme rejekc etes mek peme gbkls obfe`lk weklte. 5  

Ce`derek oflkls

]e`peo sbdecel pb`dbkcoeoek cusl yekc fukeo mek treksfusbk mek dlfe dbrlsl merej eoek te`peo dlru obukcuek, yekc ekc

mlk lke` e`eo eoek ek

jb`e jb`eta ta`e `e

br bru upsl. psl.

R`uk R`uky ye

tlme tlmeo  o 

`b`b `b `brf rfuo uoek ek tlkm tlkmeo eoek ek db dbme mej j oe oerb rbke ke ol olste ste pb pbhej hej sbhere sbhere spaktek sbjlkcce `b`ukcolkoek clcl uktuo brupsl.5 b) Olste Olste clkclve clkclve mek pefet pefetef ef peme peme deyl deyl deru deru fejlr fejlr  

^etafacl

Obfa`pao olste lkl dbresef merl slse fe`lke mbktls  dbrdbktuo olste obhlf dbrlsl obretlk, tbrfbteo tbrfbte o supbrilhlef peme `uoase efvbafer deyl yekc deru fejlr. Olste clkclve tbrfbteo   peme eteu mboet pbr`uoeek clkclve, dbresef merl slse fe`lke mbkt mbktls ls.. Ol Olst stee dl dles esek ekye ye dbrd dbrdbk bktu tuo o ta takg kgaf afek ek ob obhl hlff me mek k

48

 

u`u` u` u`ky kyee fbdl fbdlj j me merl rl setu setu mb mbkc kcek ek werk werkee pu putl tlj j se se`p `pel el obukcu obu kcuek ek mek `brupe `brupeoek oek bpltjb bpltjbflef flef lkhfus lkhfuslak lak hyst hyst yekc yekc `ukc `u kcol olk k mlje mljesl slfo foek ek me merl rl iu iusl sl bp bplt ltbf bf sbfe` sbfe`ee pr pras asbs bs iu iusl sl  pefetu` peme `ese b`drlakef. Olste pefetef mlgu`pel peme je`plr sb`ue b`drla `ekusle sbtbfej = dufek lk utbra mek  peme `lkl`ef :>% deyl deru fejlr, mbkcek faoesl peme  pbrse`dukcek pefetu` `affb mek muru` mboet repjb `bml `b mlek ek.. Ol Olst stee `bkg `bkgem emll supb supbri rilsl lslef ef me mek k pb pbhe hej, j, dl dles esek ekye ye mefe` mef e` dbdbrep dbdbrepee dufek dufek pbrte` pbrte`ee objlmu objlmupek pek (deyl (deyl dbru`u dbru`ur  r   dbdbrepe dufek).5  

Ce`derek oflkls

]e`peo ]e` peo sbdece sbdecell takgaf takgafek ek obhlf obhlf eteu pepufe pepufe obhlf obhlf obputljek yekc u`u`kye `uftlpbf, mek dlesekye tbrfbteo ml flkc flkclr lr efvb efvbaf afer. er. Lk Lkll em emefe efej j ol olst stee ye yekc kc sbrlk sbrlkc c ml mltb tb`u `uoe oek k tbru tbrute te`e `e peme peme `eos `eoslf lfe, e, me mek k ol olst stee lk lkll dl dles esek ekye ye tlme tlmeo  o  `b`pukyel cbgefe.5  

Ce`derek jlstafacl

R`u`kye dbruourek olre-olre 5 `` eteu fbdlj obhlf mle`btbrkye, mldetesl afbj bpltbf cbpbkc dbrfepls mek sbrlkc  dbrlsl feplsek obretlk yekc oaksbktrls.5

4=

 

i) Olste Olste clkclv clkclve e peme peme arekc arekc mbwes mbwese e  

^etafacl

@bru @b rupe peoe oek k

olst olstee

ye yekc kc ge gere rekc kc ml mltb tb`u `uoe oek k

me mek k

mlekccep `brupeoek declek olste pbrlamaktef fetbref peme  gerlkcek fukeo. Dbresef merl slse-slse fe`lke mbktls peme clkc clkclv lve. e. Oeme Oemekc kc-o -oem emek ekc c bp bplt ltbf bf pb pbr` r`uo uoee eek k et eteu eu bp bplt ltbf bf hrbvlh hrb vlhufe uferr clkclv clkclvee `brupe `brupeoek oek esef merl merl olste olste lkl. lkl. Faoesl Faoesl tlploe tlp loeff peme peme clkclv clkclvee eteu eteu `uoase `uoase efvbaf efvbafer er rbcla rbcla oeklku oeklkuss  prb`afer

dewej.

R`u`kye

mltb`uoek

peme

usle

 pbrtbkcejek eteu mbwese.:  

Ce`derek oflkls

Ol Olste ste lkl lkl tlme tlmeo o `bkl `bkl`d `duf ufoe oek k cb cbge gefe fe me mek k gerek gerekc c `b`dbser `bfbdljl mle`btbr 5> ``. Dlfe `b`dbser mepet `bkybd `bk ybdedo edoek ek pbkakg pbkakgafe afek k tufekc tufekc oartlo oartloef ef `bke`p `bke`peoo eooek ek  deyekcek dlru treksfusbk.5 c) Olste Olste obret obretasl aslss amakta amaktacbk cbklo  lo 

Ls Lstl tlfe fej j

‖a ‖ama makt kta acbk cbklh

obr bret eta ahy hyst st‐‐

(o (ols lste te

ob obre reta tasl slss

amaktacbklo) mlpbrobkefoek uktuo `bke`el sb`ue gbkls olste peme rejekc rej ekc yekc yekc `bkcek `bkcekmuk mukc c obretl obretlk. k. Olste Olste obreta obretasls sls am amakt aktacb acbklo  klo  `brupeoek `brup eoek dbktuo dbktuo ojusus ojusus merl olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo lo pbrob`dekce pbrob`dekcek k yekc `b`dbrloek ce`derek jlstapetafacls, ce`derek oflkls, mek ce`derek `lorasoapls yekc ojes. Olste lkl tbrdecl etes mue gbkls, yeltu gbkls artaobretlk mek pereobretlk. Dbrmeseroek pbkbfltlek yekc

42

 

mlfeouoek, lkslmbksl olste lkl emefej sbolter 8% se`pel 55% merl obsbfurujek olste amaktacbklo.5  

Btlafacl mek petacbkbsls petacbkbsls

Olste Ols te obreta obretasls sls amakt amaktacb acbklo klo `brupe `brupeoek oek obfelk obfelkek ek  pbrob`dekcek yekc dbresef merl bpltbf amaktacbklo. Olste obr bret eta asl slss

am amak akta tacb cbkl klo o

me mepe pett

tb tbrg rgem emll

sb sbfe fe` `e

pra rasb sbss

 pb`dbktuoek clcl dbfu` sb`purke, yeltu peme tejep dbff st stec ecb. b. Ol Olste ste ob obret retas asls ls am amak akta tacb cbkl klo o me mepe pett dbres dbresef ef me merl rl  praflibresl sbf desef merl bpltbf `ufut. ]brmepet eou`ufesl  pufeu-pufeu bpltbf ml mefe` `uoase supbrilslef olste obretasls obreta sls amaktacbk amaktacbklo lo yekc tbfej mlboslsl, mlboslsl, tbrute`e tbrute`e peme re`us esbkmbks. 5>  Merl jeslf pbkbfltlek tbrfljet dejwe eme mue su`dbr  bplt bpltbf bf tb`p tb`pet et es esef ef olst olstee ob obre reta tasl slss amak amakta tacb cbkl klo, o, ye yelt ltu u  pbrte`e, fe`lke mbktls peme rejekc etes `eupuk rejekc  dewej

eteu

slse-slsekye

sbdbfu`

pb`dbktuoek

clcl

sb`purke mek obmue emefej praflibresl sbf desef merl bpltbf `uoase `ufut yekc `bkutuplkye.  

5

Ce`derek oflkls

Olste Ols te obreta obretasls sls amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo yekc yekc obhlf obhlf dleseky dlesekyee tlmeo `bkl`dufoek cbgefe, cbgefe deru te`peo seet tbrgeml  pbrfuesek olste mefe` tufekc eteu tbrgeml pbremekcek. ^eme obemee obe meek k lkl, lkl, 2> 2>% % pbkmbr pbkmbrlte lte `bkukg `bkukguoo uooek ek cbgefe cbgefe oflkls oflkls

49

 

 dbrupe pb`dbkcoeoek yekc tbrfljet flhlk mek oemekcoe oeme mekc kc tl`d tl`duf uf ml me mebr brej ej ie iesle sleff me mek k flkc flkcue ueff me merl rl tu tufe fekc kc rejekc rej ekc,, tbrflj tbrfljet et `bk `bkakg akgaf. af. Cbgefe Cbgefe oflkls oflkls fel felkky kkyee emefej emefej  perbstbsl peme dldlr, clcl tekccef, mek seolt.3 Dl Dlfe fe tbrme tbrmepe pett ml rejek rejekc c de dewe wej j eo eoek ek `bkc `bkcefe efe`l `l  pbrfuesek ob declek tuduj sbrte re`us `ekmldufe. Olste obre obreta tasl slss

amak amakta tacb cbkl klo o

hbkm hbkmbr bruk ukc c

`bkg `bkgem emll

db dbse serr

me mek k

u`u`kye `uftlfaoufer. Mepet mltb`uoek peme sb`ue usle merl deyl se`pel arekc mbwese. Xbolter 9>% oesus olste lkl mltb mltb`u `uoe oek k

ekte ektere re usle usle 5>-= 5>-=> > te teju juk, k, mb mbkc kcek ek pu pukh kheo  eo 

lkslmbkslkye emefej ektere usle 4>-8> tejuk, `bsol eme guce yekc `bkceteoek lkslmbksl tbrtlkcclkye tbrgeml peme usle 2>3> tejuk.5  

Ce`derek remlafacl

Ce`derek remlacreil olste lkl `b`dbrloek ce`derek remlafusbk uklfaoufer mbkcek detes yekc gbfes mbkcek tbpl yekc remlapeo mek rete. Olste obretasls amaktacbklo mepet `b`dbser mek dbrdbktuo `uftlfaoufer sbjlkcce `bkybrupel e`bf e` bfa adfes dfesta ta`e `e..

Olst Olstee

obre obreta tasl slss

am amak akta tac cbk bklo lo

yek ekc c

`uftlfaoufer `b`pukyel ce`derek remlacreils yekc `lrlp mbkcek mbkc ek e`bfadfesta` e`bfadfesta`ee tbtepl mlkmlkc mlkmlkc tufekckye tufekckye sofbratlo  sofbratlo  mbkcek detes oartbos yekc fbdlj gbfes. 5

43

 

Olst Olstee

obre obreta tasl slss

amak amakta tacb cbkl klo o

tlpb tlpb

ar arta taob obre retl tlk k

u`u`kye dbrsliet remlafusbk uklfaoufer mbkcek clcl yekc tbrfld tbr fldet et hbkmbr hbkmbrukc ukc `bkcef `bkcefe`l e`l pbrcbs pbrcbsbrek brek.. Ke`uk, Ke`uk, peme peme  dbdbrepe oesus, oes us, olste obretasls amaktacbklo tlpb artaobretlk `bkukguooek emekye remlafusbk `uftlfaoufer. Dlesekye tlpb artaobretlk tbrgeml ml sbolter clcl `afer tlce rejekc dewej mbkcek uourek yekc dbrverlesl merl mle`btbr 5 h` se`pel mbkc bkcek 3 h`. h`. Xbde Xbdek kyeo yeo 2> 2>% % oes esu us olste lste ob obre reta tasl slss amakta ama ktacbk cbklo lo tlpb tlpb pereob pereobret retlk lk dbrjud dbrjudukc ukcek ek mbkcek mbkcek clcl clcl l`pe l` peos osl. l. ]lpb ]lpb pe pere reob obre retl tlk k dl dlese eseky kyee `uft `uftlf lfao aouf ufer er et eteu eu `b`duet sofbratlo mbkcek detes oartbos yekc gbfes. 5

Ce`der 3 7 Ce`derek remlacls olste obretasls amaktacbklo <  

Ce`derek jlstapetafacl jlstapetafacl

Ce`derek ojes olste obretasls amaktacbklo sbhere `lorasoapls emefej emekye mlkmlkc olste yekc tlpls. Feplsek bpltbf lkl sekcet tlpls, u`u`kye ourekc merl 4 ``. Feplsek bpltbfk bpl tbfkye ye tbrsusu tbrsusuk k afbj afbj bpltbf bpltbf soue`a soue`ase se dbrtlk dbrtlkcoe coett yekc yekc sbrec sbr ece` e`,, dlese dleseky kyee ob obtbd tbdef efek ekky kyee sbolt sbolter er bk bke` e` se`pe se`pell

4:

 

mbfepek bpltbf. ]lmeo sbpbrtl olste amaktacbklo felkkye, peme olste obretasls amaktacbklo, mlkmlkc bpltbf tlmeo dbrsbktujek eteu ete u tbrplsej tbrplsej merl merl feplsek feplsek gerlkce gerlkcek k loetky loetkye. e. Oa`pa Oa`pakbk kbk  gerlkcek loet ildrase merl mlkmlkc olste dlesekye tlpls mek fakccer eteu dbrdbktuo `losalm.5

 

Ce`der : 7 Ce`derek jlstapetafacls olste obretasls amaktacbklo peme feplsek artaobretlk5>

  Ce`der < 7 Ce`derek jlstapetafacls olste obretasls  peme feplsek pereobretlk5>  

^bketefeosekeek

Dbmej Dbm ej boslsl boslsl mbkcek mbkcek ourbte ourbtesb sb pbrlpj pbrlpjbref bref assbau assbauss eteu astbhta`y `brupeoek `btamb yekc mepet mlfeouoek. ]lkmeoek yekc ecrbsli lkl mepet dbkeroek oerbke rbourbksl

4<

 

yekc yek c tlkccl tlkccl yekc yekc dbrjud dbrjuduk ukcek cek mbkcek mbkcek AOHs. AOHs. Dbdbre Dbdbrepe pe  guce `bkcekguroek pbkccukeek hjb`lhef oeutbrlsesl peme olste olste mb mbkc kcek ek `bkc `bkccu cuke keoe oek k safu safusl sl Herk Herkay ay“s “s (d (dla lafa facl clhh ilxetlvb). ^eme dbdbrepe oesus mbkcek AOHs yekc dbser, mepet epet

mlfe mlfeo ouo uoek ek

`er ersl slpu pufl flse sesl sl

uk uktu tuo o

`bk `bkme mepe peto toek ek

 pbkyusutek merl olste, yekc ob`umlek mlloutl mbkcek bkuofbesl.5> j) Olste Olste amaktacb amaktacbklo klo yekc yekc `bkcefe` `bkcefe`ll oefsliloe oefsliloesl sl

Olste amaktacbklo yekc `bkcefe`l oefsliloesl `brupeoek olst olstee yek ekc c gere gerekc kc mltb` ltb`u uoek oek mek db dbre rese seff mer erll slse slse bp bplt ltbf bf amakta ama ktacbk cbklo lo mefe` mefe` tufekc tufekc rejekc rejekc eteu eteu mefe` mefe` gerlkc gerlkcek ek clkclv clkclve. e. Olste lkl mlke`eoek guce olste Carflk. Mlstrldusl olste lkl ml rejekc etes etes me mek k de dewe wej j se se`e `e de deky kyeo eo.. Mepe Mepett tb tbrg rgem emll ml sb sbtl tlep ep us usle le me mek k `bkhepel pukheokye peme usle mboemb ob-4 mek ob-8. Xbdeclek  dbser oesus mltb`uoek ml rbclak lkslsli mek oeklkus.5  

Ce`derek oflkls

R`u` R` u`ky kyee olst olstee dbrm dbrmle le`b `btb tbrr ou oure rekc kc me merl rl 8 h` `bsolpuk eme oesus yekc mepet `bkhepel mle`btbr 54 h`. 5  

Ce`derek remlafacl

Ce`d Ce `der erek ek re reml mlac acre reil il ol olst stee lk lkll te te`p `peo eo sb sbde dece cell remlafusbk uklfaoufer mbkcek detes gbfes tbtepl mepet guce `uftlfaouf `uftl faoufer. er. ^eme sbdeclek oesus, oesus, mebrej remlafusbk remlafusbk mepet `bkc `b kcek ekmu mukc kc `esse `esse remla remlape peo o ye yekc kc tb tbrsb rsbde der. r. Xb Xbde deky kyeo  eo 

8>

 

sbpbrtlce olste lkl dbrjudukcek mbkcek clcl l`peosl. Faoesl felkkye yekc u`u` emefej ektere eoereoer clcl.5 l) Olst Olste e amakt amaktac acbk bklo lo cfe cfekm kmuf ufer er

Olste cfekmufer amaktacbklo, eteu dlse ml sbdut guce mbkcek olste slefaamaktacbklo, yekc `eke `b`lflol ce`derek jlstafacls yekc `bkukguoek pramuosl `uous tu`ar cfekmufe seflve.5  

Ce`derek oflkls

\ekc peflkc dekyeo dbreme peme `ekmldufe (:>%), tbrute`e peme rbcla ektbrlar rejekc dewej. Fbsl `eoslfe  dlese tbrgeml peme declek ektbrlar. Bospeksl rejekc gerekc tbrgem tbr geml, l, dlesek dlesekye ye dbrjud dbrjudukc ukcek ek mbkcek mbkcek fbsl `ekmld `ekmldufe ufer. r. Tesla cbkmbr olre‘olre 5 dekmlkc 5. ^brtbkcejek usle 2> tejuk, mbkcek pbrfuesek usle peme mboemb ob-mue jlkcce obsb`dlfek.5  

Ce`derek remlafacl

Obdekyeoek oesus `bkukguoek ce`derek remlacreil `uftlf `uf tlfahu ahufetb fetbm. m. ^eme ^eme oesus oesus mbkcek mbkcek ce`der ce`derek ek remlaf remlafusb usbk k uklfao ukl faoufe uferr mbkcek mbkcek emekye emekye tekme tekme ewef, ewef, fbsl rbourb rbourbk k mepet mepet `bkg `b kgem emll `uft `uftlf lfao aouf ufer er.. Fbsl Fbsl `bku `bkukg kguo uoek ek uo uour urek ek ye yekc kc  dbrverlesl, merl ourekc merl 5 h` jlkcce yekc `bkcbkel `ekmldufer dlfetbref. Detes remlacreil `ukcolk eoek te`peo   gbfes eteu sofbratlo. Fbsl yekc fbdlj ecrbsli te`peo peme  pbkyeolt pbrlpbref darmbr.5

85

 

 

Ce`derek Jlstapetafacls Jlstapetafacls

Xbhere Xbh ere jlstap jlstapeta etafac facls, ls, olste olste `uftlf `uftlfaou aoufer fer ml detesl detesl afbj bpltbflu` tlmeo dbrobretlk dbrobretlk mbkcek obtbdefek obtbdefek tbrtbktu tbrtbktu ml`e ml`eke ke sb sbff

bp bplt ltbf bf mles mlesu` u`sl sloe oek k

db dbrd rdbk bktu tuo o

`bfl `bflkc kcoe oer. r.

Bpltbflef flklkc `bkcekmukc sbf oudalmef, sbrlkc mltb`ekl mbkc bkcek sl slfl flee

pem peme

pbr br` `uo uoee eek k

fu fu` `lk lkef ef..

Xbf Xbf

`uo uoa aus

 dbrobfa`pao peme detes olste dbrse`e mbkcek `uslkpaafs. Xbhere obsbfurujek obsbfurujek jlsta`ariafa jlsta`ariafaclkye clkye `bkclkcet `bkclkcetoek oek olte  peme herslka`e `uoabplmbr`ef tlkcoet rbkmej.5  

^bketefeosekeek

Fbsll mepet Fbs mepet `bkgem `bkgemll ecrbsli ecrbsli `eoe merl merl ltu rbkheke rbkheke  pb`dbmejek jerus `b`pbrjetloek pbrfuesek

pbkyeolt

`bfeful ce`derek oflkls mek remlacreil. Ml`eke tufekc yekc ouett mlslseo oue mlslseoek ek merl merl pbrfue pbrfuesek sek fbsl fbsl olste, olste, `ukcol `ukcolk k mepet mepet mlcukeoek ourbtesb declek pbrlibr eteu boslsl merl `erclk. ^brewetek gekcoe pekgekc `ukcolk jerus mldbrloek peme  pbkyeolt yekc ecrbsli eteu rbourbk.5 I. Mleckasls Dekmlkc

Mleckasls dekmlkc remlafusbksl pbrloarakef pbrloarakef `bflputl `bflputl amaktacbklo  amaktacbklo  obretasls, e`bfadfesta`e, mek tu`ar amaktacbklo felkkye.55  ]reksiar`esl e`bfadfestlo merl detes olste mbktlcbraus guce dlse `bkgeml mlckasls  dekmlkc. Dbmekye gloe e`bfadfesta`e mepet dbrupe `uftlolstlo sbmekcoek uktuo olste mbktlcbraus dleskye uklolstlo. ]u`ar amaktacbklo embka`etalm

84

 

 dlse `bkgeml pbrtl`dekcek dlfe eme remlafusbksl r emlafusbksl pbrloarakef ektbrlar, mek ildra`e e`bfadfestlo dlfe eme fbsl yekc tbrgeml ml rejekc pastbrlar   55

 peslbk usle `ume.

88

 

DED LLL ^B@DEJEXEK GRTKEF OEXRX OLX]E AMAK]ACBK E. Olste Tbslmuef Ml Tejekc Etes  

Oesus

Xbarekc peslbk weklte dbrusle 29 tejuk `bfepar ob Mbpe Mb pertb rtb`b `bk k Dbme Dbmej j @ufu @ufut, t, Ie Ieou ouft ftes es Obma Obmaot otbr brek ek Cl Clcl cl,, ^favmlv, ^fav mlv, Dufcerle Dufcerle mbkcek mbkcek obfujek obfujek ute`e pb`dbkcoeo pb`dbkcoeoek ek yekc dbrfekcsukc pbrfejek ml slsl olrl wegej sbfe`e 3 dufek. Segej `bkukguooek esl`btrl yekc gbfes mlsbdedoek oerbke  pb`dbkcoeoek ml slsl olrl rejekc etes. Serke ouflt kar`ef.]lmeo eme pbrudejek suju faoef. Ouflt ml eteskye jefus, utuj, mek te`peo sbmlolt `bfer. ^b`brloseek obpefe mek fbjbr sbhere rlkhl tlmeo `bkukguooek emekye tb`uek yekc slckliloek. ^b`brloseek ^b`br loseek lktrearef lktrearef `bkukguooe `bkukguooek k clcl lkslslvus lkslslvus fetbref olrl yekc jlfekc ml mebrej rejekc etes olrl mbkcek saobt bostreosl yekc sb`duj mek `uoase efvbafer kar`ef ml etesky ete skye. e. Eme pb`dbk pb`dbkcoe coeoek oek yekc yekc gbf gbfes es mek tbrfao tbrfaoefl eflsesl sesl yekc `bfbkyepoek duoef ruekc mbpek ml wlfeyej 44. Xeet ml  pefpesl obsek dbrifuotuesl, fb`dut mek tlmeo kybrl tboek seet  pefpesl. @uoase ml eteskye jefus, tlkccl, tbtepl mbkcek

8=

 

werke yekc se`e sbpbrtl `uoase yekc dbrmboetek mek tlmeo  eme tekme pbremekcek. ^e ^eme me pb`b pb`brl rlos osee eek k es espl plre resl sl ge geru ru` ` je jefu fuss (EGJ (EGJ)) mlmepetoek helrek sekcet obktef dbrwerke ouklkc. Temlac Tem lacrei reill pbrlep pbrleploe loeff lktrea lktrearef ref clcl clcl ektbrla ektbrlarr olrl olrl rejekc etes declek oarakef clcl lkslslvus fetbref olrl mbkcek emekye raa raatt stu`p. stu`p.   Temlacreil Temlacreil pbrleploef pbrleploef `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek re reml mlaf afus usbk bksl sl `bfl `bflkc kcoe oerr

ye yekc kc tb tbrm rmbi bilk lklsl lsl mb mbkc kcek ek de delo lo,,

uklfaoufer, mboet mbkcek clcl terlkc etes mek clcl sbrl sbktref (Ce`der. 5>(5)). Ce`derek jlstapetafacl mlwerkel mbkcek J mek mek B `bku `bkukg kguo uooe oek k eme eme sb sbff lk lkif ife` e`es esll `b`e `b`est stlo loek ek mleck leckas asls ls

ols lste te

rbsl rb slm muef. uef.

Olst Olstee

mlb lbku kuof ofbe besl sl

mbk bkc cek

`bkccu `bk ccukeo keoek ek mbkcek mbkcek ekbstbs ekbstbsll faoef faoef (Ce`d (Ce`der. er. 5>(4)( 5>(4)(8)) 8)).. Declek Decle k spbsl`bk spbsl`bk oeser `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek kekej obouklkcek, obouklkcek, sbpbrtl dejek pemet mlobflflkcl afbj oepsuf fukeo dbrfepls tlpls (Ce`der. 5>(=)).

82

 

(5)Temlacreil il pbrleploef pbrleploef `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek Ce`der 5> 7 (5)Temlacre remlaf rem lafusb usbksl ksl `bflkc `bflkcoer, oer, (4)Ce` (4)Ce`der derek ek jlstapetafacl `bkukguooek mlwerkel eme mbkcek sbf lJ kifmek e`esBl `b`estloek mleckasls olste rbslmuef, (8) Olste mlbkuofbesl mbkcek `bkccukeoek mbkcek ekbstbsl faoef, (=) dejek pemet mlobfl mlo bflflk flkcl cl afbj afbj oepsuf oepsuf fukeo fukeo dbrfep dbrfepls ls tlpls

89

 

Ce`der 55 7 Xbtbfej bkuofbesl mek jb`astesls yekc tbpet, faoesl  pb`dbmejek mltutup mbkcek gejltek. gejltek.  

^b`dejesek

^eslbk weklte 89 tejuk mbkcek pb`dbkcoeoek tekpe rese seolt dbruourek sbolter 4x4 h`, peme rbcla oekek etes re reje jekc kc etes etes sb sbge geo o mue mue dufe dufek k lk lkl. l. Jesl Jeslff jl jlst stap apet etaf afac acll `bkukg `bk ukguoe uoek k mleck mleckasl aslss olste olste rbslmue rbslmuef. f. Guce Guce emekye emekye `afer  `afer   pbr`ekbk pbrte`e yekc jlfekc mbkcek remlafusbk perslef  peme mebrej bmbktufaus. Jeslf merl jlstapetafacl mlmepetoek mleckasls olste amaktacbklo yekc `bremekc, fefu `b`dbser  mek `bkgeml olste rbslmuef obretaolste amaktacbklo. Olste lkl  dbresef merl merl slse olste remloufbr sbtbfej pbkhedutek clcl Gbkls pbkcadetek yekc mepet mlfeouoek uktuo olste rbslmuef emefej `ersupleflsesl eteu bkuofbesl tbrcektukc merl uourek olste. Mefe` oesus yekc lkl, oerbke uourekkye yekc fbdlj obhlf mek feplsek oartloef yekc utuj, bkuofbesl `bkgeml tlkmeoek ute`e pbkcadetekkye.

83

 

D. Judukcek Ektere Olste Obfbkger Amaktacbklo Mbkcek Mbktlcbraus  

Oesus

Xbarek Xba rekc c feol-f feol-feol eol dbrusl dbruslee 89 tejuk, tejuk, tekpe tekpe rlweye rlweyett obsbjetek, mlruguo Tu`ej Xeolt Rklvbrsltes Ibmbref Calås Drezlf, uktuo bvefuesl fbsl remlafusbk esl`ta`etlo ml rbcla `ekmldufe

past stbbrlar.

^em emee

pb`brlo rlose seeek

Hakbdbe`

Ha`putbm ]a`acrepjy  ]a`acrepjy  (HDH]) `bkukguooek remlafusbksl uklfaoufer uklfa oufer tbrmbilklsl mbkcek delo tbroelt mbkcekclc mbkcekclcll `afer  tlce tlce oe oeke kek, k, se`pe se`pell ob eo eoer er ml mlst stef ef `afe `aferr ob obmu mue, e, `afe `afer  r   dbruourek 53 Ó 54,2 `` (Ce`der 54) ^emee pb`brlo ^em pb`brloseek seek lktrea lktrearef ref `bkukg `bkukguoo uooek ek tekmetekmetekme clkclve yekc sbjet. Clcl 59, 89, 83, mek =9 tlmeo eme mek tlmeo emekye bospeksl tufekc.  Ke`uk,

peme

clcl

=3

mltb`uoek

objlfekcek

 pbrfboetek oflkls peme eoer mlstef mbkcek vltefltes pufpe mlvbrl mlv brlilo iloesl. esl. Xbdbfu Xbdbfu`ky `kyee esprles esprlesll mltb`u mltb`uoek oek kbcetli kbcetli mek mbkcek mbk cek mlecka mleckasls sls sbdbfu sbdbfu`k `kye ye emefej emefej olste olste mbktlc mbktlcbra braus. us. Oerbke Oer bke uourek uourek fbsl fbsl yekc yekc obhlf, obhlf, pbkca pbkcadet detek ek yekc yekc mlplfl mlplflj j emefej pbkhedutek clcl, bkuofbesl, mek astbata`y ml declek  pbrlibr. Mlkmlkc olstlo tbdef tbrfljet gbfes sbfe`e prasbmur  apbresl.

8:

 

Ce`der 54 7 HDH] pre apbresl `bkukguooek remlafusbksl uklfao ukl faoufe uferr tbrmbilk tbrmbilklsl lsl mbkcek mbkcek delo delo tbroelt tbroelt mbkcek l`peosl clcl `afer obtlce oekek yekc `bfues ob eoer mlstef clcl `afer mue

^eme ^eme

pb pb`b `brl rlos osee eek k

jl jlsta stape peta tafa facl cl

`bku `bkukg kguo uooe oek k

mlkmlkc olste mlfeplsl afbj bpltbf soue`ase dbrtlkcoet teo   dbrobretlk mbkcek obtbdefek yekc dbrverlesl (Ce`der 58 (e)). Xtruotur sbpbrtl sefurekmlobflflkcl afbj sbf oudalm mek  dekyeo sbf `uoaseguce mllmbktliloesl (Ce`der 58 (d) mek 58(h)). 58(h) ). Feplsek Feplsek supbrilslef supbrilslef bpltbf `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek oafu`ker  oafu`ker   dbrslflemek sbf oudalm baslkailflo, guce mlsbdut jadkelf jadkelf sbf.

8<

 

Ce`d Ce `der er 58 7  Iltur `lorasoapls merl CAH. (e) Takcce olstlo ols tlo yekc yekc mlfepl mlfeplsl sl afbj afbj bpltbf bpltbf soue`a soue`ase se  dbrtlkcoet teo dbrobretlk mbkcek obtbdefek yekc dbrverlesl. (d) Xtruotur sbpbrtl sefurek

=>

 

mle` mle`et etll pe peme me feplse feplsek k ol olstl stlo. o. (h) Emek Emekye ye  dekyeo sbf cadfbt. (m) Xbf oudalm ba basl slk kailflo. Xflmb mlwerkel mbkcek jb`eta jb` etaosl oslflk flk mek baslk. baslk. ^brdbs ^brdbserek erek esfl7 esfl7 2>x mek =>>x.  

^b`dejesek

Mleckasls oflkls CAH huoup suflt uktuo ml tbceooek. Mleckasls dekmlkc tbr`esuo olste remloufbr mek mbktlcbraus, obretaolste obreta olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo, lo, mek e`bfadfesta` e`bfadfesta`e. e. Mlserekoek Mlserekoek  peslbksbdbfu` apbresl mlfeouoek dlapsl esplresl (IKED) uktuo mepet `b`dektu mefe` pbkbceoek mleckasls CAH. ^e ^eme me oesu oesuss lkl lkl jesl jeslff merl merl IKED IKED ml me mepe peto toek ek kb kbce cetl tli. i. Mlmeptoek helrek dbklkc mbkcek vlsoasltes rbkmej, helrek `bky `b kybru brupe pell or orl` l` mb mbkc kcek ek vl vlso soas aslt ltes es tlkc tlkccl cl me mek k helre helrek k  dbrwerke haofet ob`brejek. ^eme tb`uek oflkls mefe` oesus lkl emefej emekye mlkmlkc mlkm lkc olstlo yekc tbdef. Mleckasls Mleckasls jlstapetaf jlstapetafacls acls CAH suflt uktuo mltbceoek. mltbceoek. ^eme declek declek `lorasoapl `lorasoaplss mlmepetoek mlmepetoek  pbkbdefek bpltbf iaoef, pfeo bpltbf, mek sbf bpltbf yekc oeye eoek cfloacbk, olste pbrlamaktefdeclek datryalm mek fetbref. Emekye bpltbf dbrslfle mek sbpbrtl muotus ruekc mbkcek sbf `uoase mek sbf oudalm baslkailflo tbrfbteo ml pbr`uoeek bpltbf `bkmuoukc mleckasls CAH. Emekye Eme kye avbrfe avbrfep p peme mls lser erek eko oek

se seet et

jlstaf jlstafacl aclss mbkcek mbkcek fbsl felk

`bkm `bkmle leck ckas asls ls

CAH CAH

`bk bkcc ccu uke keoe oek k

=5

 

 pere`btbr7 baslkailflo pbr`uoeek sbf oudalm eteu "sbf jadkelf", `loraolste lktrebpltbf eteu ruekc sbpbrtl sefurek yekc yek c mldete mldetesl sl afbj afbj setu feplsek feplsek oudalm oudalm ob sbf oafu`k oafu`ker, er, epaorlk epao rlk sbf jadkelf, jadkelf, dbklkc eteu sbf tbrveouafesl tbrveouafesl,, obtbdefek obtbdefek verledbf peme feplsek olste, praybosl peplfbr ob mefe` fu`bk olste,sbf olste, sbf cadfbt cadfbt `uoase, `uoase, dafe (spjbrb) (spjbrb) bpltbf, bpltbf, eteu sbpbrtl  pfeo slfle yekc `bkbdef, mek `uftlpfb oa`pertb`bk. Ml Mlpb pbrf rfuo uoek ek tu tugu guj j et eteu eu fb fbdl dlj j sb sbde dece cell pe pere` re`bt btbr  br  `lorasoapls uktuo `bfeouoek mleckasls CAH. Mefe` oesus oe`l, jekye dbdbrepe oa`pertb`bk mek praybosl peplfbr  yekc tlmeo tbrduotl. ^rasbmur dbmej `lkar, sbpbrtl bkuofbesl mbkcek eteu tekp tekpee ou ourb rbte tesb sb me mek k as astb tbot ota` a`ll pb pbrli rlibr brem emefe efej j `ame `amefl fltes tes  pbkcadetek sbsuel mbkcek fltbretur. Mefe` pbkbfltlek lkl, bkuofbesl dbrjudukcek mbkcek pbrlibr astbata`l mlfeouoek oerbke tlce ieotar7 pbrte`e plfljek peslbk tbrsbdut,mleckasls oflkls mek remlafacls merl mbktlcbrausolste, mek uourek fbsl (53 Ó 54 2 ``). Ml se`plkc ltu, pbrewe pbrewetek tek remloef, sbpbrtl rbsbosl `erclkef, tbroemekc mepet mlpbrtl`dekcoek oerbke pbrlfeou  dlafacls CAH, tbrute`e oerbke ecrbsliltes ecrbs liltes mek oboe`dujek faoef mbkcek prbsbktesb 45-22%. Oboe`dujek fbdlj sbrlkc

=4

 

tbrgemll peme fbsl yekc fbdlj dbser, mbkcek tbrgem mbkcek oartloef oartloef pbriaresl tufekc mek ce`derek remlacreil `uftlfaoufbr. Mefe` oesus lkl, tlmeo setu puk merl oereotbrlstlo lkl yekc tbrduotl mek tlmeo tlm eo eme oboe`d oboe`duje ujek k yekc yekc tbrmbt tbrmbtbos bosll sbtbfej sbtbfej mue tejuk tejuk `ese ml tlkmeo fekgutl. H. ]reksi ]reksiar ar`es `esll @eflc @eflcke ke ^eme ^eme Olste Olste Amakta Amaktacbk cbklo lo Mefe` Mefe` Gekco Gekcoe e Seotu 5> ]ejuk

 

Oesus

Xbarek Xba rekc c prle prle dbrusl dbruslee == tejuk tejuk mlrugu mlruguo o ob Tu`ej Tu`ej Xeolt Oekobr uktuo pbkcadetek tu`ar rejekc. ^eme Tlweyet ^bkyeolt Mejufu peme tejuk 5x)

Ce`der 5: 7 h. L`ukajlstaol`le HO 2 peme tu`ar prl`br 

=9

 

 

Ce`der 5< 7 m. HO 5= ml tu`ar prl`br.

  Ce`der 4> 7 b. HO 2 ml `btestesls rbclakef

Ce`der 45 7 i. HO 5= lk tjb rbclakef `btestesls.

=3

 

^bkcad ^bk cadetek etek emguv emguvek ek tbrmlrl tbrmlrl merl merl remlat remlatbre brepl pl (tatef (tatef masls remlesl 9=,= Cy) tbroelt mbkcek slofus hlspfetlk (5>> `c

/

`4

sbtlep

45

 pbrob`dekcekkye sbfe`e

jerl).

^eslbk

tbfej

mlloutl

: tejuk tekpe eme duotl

oboe`dujek (Ce`der 44).

Ce`der 44 7Ha`putbm ta`acrepjy (H]) mlfeouoek sbtbfej : tejuk `ese tlkmeo fekgut. (e) Tboakstruosl tlce tlce ml`b ml`bks ksll `bkc `bkcce ce`d `dero eroek ek oa oaks ksaf aflm lmesl esl tufekc ektere `ekmldufe mek ildufe. (d-h) H] lr lrls lsek ek eosl eoslef ef tlm tlmeo `bk `bkuk ukgu guo ooe oek k duo uotl tl rbourbksl faoef.  

^b`dejesek

^LAXHH ^LA XHH gerekc gerekc tbrgeml tbrgeml mek uktuo uktuo mlecka mleckasls sls yekc yekc `b`ukcolkoek merl XHH `uoase `ufut, gbkls amaktacbklo  felk felkky kyee

sb sbpb pbrt rtll

oers oerslk lka a`e, `e,

mek

`bt btes este tesl slss

je jeru russ

=:

 

mlslkcolroek. Xeet lkl oesus yekc mlmepetoek `bkukguooek fbsl lktreasbus mbkcek olste mbktlcbraus yekc mlmleckasls sbdecel tu`ar cekes sbtbfej 55 tejuk. Afbj oerbke ltu, pbrfu `b`pbrtl`dekcoek dejwe mleckasls eojlr emefej ^LAXHH yekc dbresef merl olste mbktlcbraus. Xbdeclek

dbse serr

oesus sus

^LAX LAXHH

`bfldet eto oek

`ekmldufe, cbgefekye emefej dbkcoeo, kybrl, mek perbstjbsle  peme dldlr dewej. Obfujek ute`e peme oesus lkl emefej kybrl yekc tbrgeml jekye sbtbfej 55 tejuk mbtbosl ce`der  `bkc `b kcere erej j ob olste olste mb mbkt ktlc lcbr brau auss pe peme me me mebr brej ej pb pbrle rlepl ploef oef.. Xbhe Xbhere re remla remlacr creil eilss ^L ^LAX AXHH HH me mepe pett `ukh `ukhuf uf sb sbde dece cell fb fbsl sl uklfaoufbr eteu `uftlfaoufbr, mbkcek detes yekc tlmeo gbfes eteu tbrmbilklsl mbkcek delo tbtepl tlmeo mloartlsesl. ^emee oesus ^em oesus lkl ewefky ewefkyee mlmepe mlmepetoe toek k fbsl dbrdet dbrdetes es tbces uklfaoufer, `bkcerej ob olste mbktlcbraus mek sbtbfej 55 teju tejuk k ob obtl tloe oe clcl clcl mlhed mlhedut ut tlme tlmeo o em emee pb pbru rude deje jek k ye yekc kc sl slck ckli lilo loek ek

dls lsee

`bku `bkuk kgu guo ooe oek k

em emek eky ye

trek treksi siar ar`e `esl sl

`eflckek(cekes). Mlmepe Mlm epetoe toek k dejwe dejwe bpltbf bpltbf amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo olste olste mek tu`ar glkeo `bkcefe`l treksiar`esl cekes, tbr`esuo guce slse @efessbz mek fe`lke clcl.Ke`uk mb`lolek, `boekls`b tlmeo mlobtejul, pbktlkc uktuo `bkb`uoek ml erbe fbsl yekc

=<

 

se`ee oe se` oersl rslka ka`e `e ye yekc kc db dbrm rmbo boete etek k mb mbkc kcek ek bp bplt ltbf bf glke glkeo  o  ml`e ml`eke ke ob obce ceke kesek sek mltu mlturu ruko koek ek.. Cl Clcl cl ye yekc kc ml mlhe hedu dutt me mek k  gerlkcek yekc tbroelt sbdelokye mlolrl` uktuo pb`brloseek jlstapetafacl. Dbr brd decel ecel

olst olstee

ama mak kta tac cbk bklo lo

tb tbfe fej j

mlo loel elto toek ek

mbkcek^LAXHH, tbr`esuo olste rbslmuef, olste mbktlcbraus, obretaolste obreta olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo, lo, olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo lo oefsliloesl, oefsliloesl, mek olste fetbref olste pbrlamaktef. Mefe` ekeflsls tbrjemep 559 oes esu us

yek ekc c

mlfe mlfep par aroe oek k

^LAX LAXHH

tl`d tl`duf uf

pe pem me

ol olst stee

amaktacbklo, gbkls olste fbdlj dekyeo yekc mle`etl emefej rb rbslm slmue ueff / re reml mlou oufbr fbr mb mbkc kcek ek 3> oe oesu suss ml mllo lout utll af afbj bj ol olste ste mbktlc mbk tlcbra braus us mbkcek mbkcek 5< oesus, oesus, obreta obretahys hystlh tlh amakta amaktacbk cbklo  lo  tu`ar mbkcek 59 oesus, 5 oesus pbrlamaktef fetbref, mek < oesus yekc tlmeo mlofesliloesloek. Lmbktliloesl feplsek bpltbf  glkeo merl olste amaktacbklo yekc sumej eme sbdbfu`kye `bkhlrloek^LAXHH tlpb 5 (bx olste amaktacbklo). Hytao Hyt aobret bretlks lks (HO) (HO) peme peme clcl clcl dbrob` dbrob`dek dekc, c, ou`ek ou`ek me mepe pett `b`d `b`dek ektu tu uk uktu tuo o `bkc `bkcbt btej ejul ul jl jlsta stacb cbkb kbsl slss me merl rl obmuekye, olste amaktacbklo eteu tu`ar glkeo mek cekes. HO 2, 3, :, 5=, mek 5< mlbosprbsloek mefe` arcek b`elf mek HO 5= emefej ilfe`bk pbrektere ute`e yekc mltb`uoek ml fe`lke clcl, dbrourekckye bpltbf bke`bf, mek bke`bf arcek?  Ke`uk mb`lolek, HO lkl guce sbrlkc s brlkc ml bpltbf felk tbr`esuo 

2>

 

`uoase `ufut. Dbrtuguek uktuo `b`estloek ob`ukcolkek esef amaktacbklo. ^eme oesus lkl, HO 2 mek HO 5= mlfeouoek  pb`brloseek, mek obmuekye HO l`ukarbeotli ouet peme tu`ar

prl`br

`bklk bklkco coet etoe oek k

mek

`btestesls.

jlpa lpatbsl tbslss

ce cek kes

]b`uek

lkl

mepet

trek treksi sia ar`es r`esll

olste lste

mbktlcbraus. @btestesls ob obfbkger cbtej dbklkc sbrvlos mle`etl jlkcce 2>% merl sb`ue oesus ^LAXHH, mek ltu guce mepet `bkybder `bky bder serei efvbafus efvbafus lkibrlar, lkibrlar, dlesekye dlesekye `b`dutujo `b`dutujoek ek tlkmeoek pbkcadetek uktuo `bkcbkmefloek pbkyeolt. Teml Te mlat atbre brepl pl

em emgu guve vek k

me mepe pett

ml mllk lkml mloe oeslo sloek ek

pe peme me

obtbrcektuk obtbrc ektukcek cek pbrfuesek pbrfuesek tu`ar. tu`ar. Oesus lkl `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek obtb obtbrf rfld ldet etek ek

mbkc mbkcek ek

obfb obfbkg kger er

cb cbte tej j

db dbkl klkc kc..

Ke`u Ke`uk, k,

 prbsbktesb ob`etlek te`peokye fbdlj tbroelt mbkcek emekye  pbrfuesek faoef merl `btestesls kbapfes`e. ^eslbk lkl `bkgefekl jb`l`ekmldufbota`l olrl mbkcek suprea`ajyalm olrlmlsbosl olrlm lsbosl fbjbr mlloutl mlloutl mbkcek mbkcek rboakstruosl rboakstruosl dbmej `lora mlsbrt mls brtel el ildufe ildufe irbb ifep mek remlat remlatbre brepl pl emguve emguvekt kt mbkcek mbkcek ob`atbrepl. ^LAX LAXHH

dlese lesek kye

`bk `bkyb ybd ded edoe oek k

ky kybr brll

yek ekc c

`bfldetoek erbe yekc fues rejekc, tbtepl eojlrkye mleckasls

25

 

sb sbml mlkl kl `ukc `ukcol olk k `bkg `bkgem emll te tekt ktek ekce cek k de decl cl pe pere re maot maotbr br.. Ce`derek oflkls dlse geml tlmeo spbslilo. ]lkm ]lkmeo eo fekg fekgut ut ru rutl tlk k pe peslb slbk k mb mbkc kcek ek cl clcl cl l`pe l`peos osll mbkcek mbk cek remlafu remlafusbk sbk tbroelt tbroelt

sekcet sekcetfej fej pbktlkc pbktlkc.. Xbfelk Xbfelk ltu,

 pb`brloseek jlstapetafacl olste amaktacbklo eteu gerlkcek  pbrloarakef mlekguroek uktuo `b`estloek mleckasls oflkls oerbke ob`ukcolkek tbrgemlkye treksiar`esl cekes. M. Oefsliloesl Olste Amaktacbk Xbf-sbf Cjast

 

Oesus

Xbarekc peslbk weklte dbrusle 48 tejuk `bfepar ob oflklo rewet gefek oe`l mbkcek obfujek dbkcoeo ml rejekc oekek etes yekc tbfej eme sbfe`e ourekc fbdlj 4 tejuk. ^eme bvefuesl, tbrgeml esl`btrl peme mebrej `lmiehb oekek. ^b`dbkcoeoek dbruourek olre-olre = h` Ó 8 h`, `bfue bfuess ob su sup pbr bra alk lkib ibrl rla ar merl merl 5 h` ml dewej ewej tb tbpl pl lkireardltef lkirea rdltef ob sumut `ufut mek ektbrapastb ektbrapastbrlar rlar merl jlmukc oekek ob sbolter 8 h` ml mbpek trecus (Ce`der 5). ^efpesl `bkukguooek bospeksl tufekc obres yekc tlmeo kybrl tboek  peme rejekc etes oekek.

24

 

Ce`der 48 7 Iata oflkls te`peo mbpek peslbk

Ce`der 4= 7 ^b`dbkcoeoek pefetu` yekc `bfues merl 55 jlkcce 5=

Ce`de e`derr 42 7  ^b`dbkcoe ^b`dbkcoeoek oek `bfbkyepoe `bfbkyepoek k ruekc mbpek  duoef.

28

 

^eme pb`brloseek pb`brloseek lktrearef lktrearef `bkukguo `bkukguooek oek bospeksl bospeksl oartloef duoef mek pefetef yekc `bfues ob ektbrapastbrlar  me merl rl 55 se se`p `pel el 5= 5=,, sbher sbheree supb supbra ralk lkib ibrla rlarr `bfbk `bfbkye yepo poek ek vbs bstl tld dufu ufu`

`eo eosl slfe fe

mek

ob

pef efet etef efls ls

jl jlk kcc ccee

re rep pjb

`lmpef `lm pefetlk etlkb. b. @uoas @uoasee ml etes etes fbsl fbsl `eslj `eslj utuj utuj (Ce`de (Ce`derr 4= mek 42). ^b`brl ^b` brlose oseek ek remlac remlacreil reil `bkukg `bkukguo uooek oek remlaf remlafusb usbk k  dufet dbrdetes tbces uklfahufer yekc `b`dbktekc merl 55 se`pel 52 mebrej, mbkcek struotur remlapeo ml mefe`kye (Ce`der 49 mek 43).

Ce`der 49 7  ]e`peo ]e`peo oefsliloesl oefsliloesl tukccef yekc ml tb`uoek tb`uoek mbkcek artapekta`acrei 

Ce`d Ce `der er 43 7  H] shek `bkukguooek fbsl fltlo fues yekc tl`duf merl rejekc etes oekek yekc `bfues ob ek ektr tru` u` rejek rejekc c et etes es oe oeke kek k me mek k de decl clek ek

ektbrlar rakcce jlmukc oekek.

2=

 

H] shek `bkukguooek fbsl fltlo fues yekc tl`duf merl rejekc etes oekek yekc `bfues ob ektru` rejekc etes oekek me mek k de decl clek ek ek ektbr tbrla larr ra rakc kcce ce jl jlmu mukc kc oe oeke kek k (Ce` (Ce`de derr 2) 2).. Dbrmeseroek tb`uek oflkls mek remlafacl, mleckasls dekmlkc olste amaktacbk amaktacbklo lo oefsliloesl oefsliloesl mek tu`ar tu`ar bpltbf amaktacbklo  amaktacbklo  oefslil oef sliloes oesll mepet mepet mlpbrtl mlpbrtl`de `dekco kcoek. ek. ]u`ar ]u`ar amakta amaktacbk cbklo  lo  embka`etal embka `etalm m tlmeo ml`esuooek ml`esuooek mefe` mleckasls mleckasls dekmlkc dekmlkc oerbke ourekckye lkofusl clcl. IKEH sumej mlfeouoek, tepl tlmeo oakofusli. Apbresl Apb resl mlfeou mlfeouoek oek mbkcek mbkcek ekbstb ekbstbsl sl u`u` u`u` mbkcek mbkcek bkuofbesl fbsl, sbsuel mbkcek prlkslp `btamb oflkls uktuo  `bkcadetl fbsl olstlo obhlf peme rejekc. Xpbsl`bk bkuofbesl  dbrdbktuo olstlo mbkcek mle`btbr sbolter 2 `` se`pel = ``, sbfuruj spbsl`bk mlolrl` uktuo bvefuesl jlstapetafacl, mek mlkyeteoek sbdecel olste amaktacbklo sbf-sbf cjast  sbf-sbf  cjast  yekc  yekc `bkcoefsliloesl.  

^b`dejesek

Mefe` efe`

fep fepar arek ek

oe oesu suss

lk lkl, l,

pe pem me

pb pb` `br brlo lose seek ek

remlacreil remla creil mlmepetoek mlmepetoek remlafusbk remlafusbk dbrdbktuo dbrdbktuo dufet dbrdetes dbrdetes tbce tbcess me mek k safl safltb tbrr mb mbkc kcek ek de deje jek k oe oefsl fslil iloe oesl sl tu tukc kcce ceff ml mefe`kye. Mefe` oesus lkl, H] shek `bkukguooek fbsl fltlo  fues yekc `ukhuf merl rejekc etes oekek yekc `bfues ob

22

 

ektru` rejekc etes oekek mek declek ektbrlar rakcce r akcce jlmukc oekek. Mleck Mle ckasl aslss pestl pestl HCHAH HCHAH mlduet mlduet sbhere sbhere jlstaf jlstafacl acls, s, oerbke ourekckye hlrl oflkls mek remlafacls fbsl, sbrte sliet  dlafaclskye yekc dbrverlesl. Ce`derek jlstafacls merl olste amaktacbklo sbf cjast oefs oefsli lilo loes esll

ofes ofeslo lo

`bku `b kukg kguo uooe oek k

em emef efej ej

oeps oepsuf uf

ce ce`d `der erek ek

dbrs dbrsbr bret et

`lor `loras asoa oapl plss

mb mbkc kcek ek

fe fepl plse sek k

fb fbsl sl bp bplt ltbf bf

amaktacbklo. Feplsek desef tbrmlrl merl sbf oafu`ker eteu oudalm sbpbrtl e`bfadfes mek mbkcek obtbdefek =-5> sbf. Lkl mlfe mlfepl plsl sl afbj afbj sb sbf-s f-sbf bf bp bplt ltbf bf ye yekc kc tb tbrsu rsusu suk k fa fakc kcce cerr ye yekc kc `b`lflo `b` lfloll ob`lrl ob`lrlpek pek mbkcek mbkcek rbtlouf rbtloufu` u` stbfet stbfet merl merl arcek arcek b`elf (Ce`der 4:). Eme dbrdecel gu`fej sbf bpltbf yekc tlmeo `b`lflol lktl, baslkailflo, mek `b`pbrtejekoek cerls meser sbfkye (sbf cjast). Xbf-sbf cjast lkl `ukcolk `bkcefe`l oefsliloesl mek objlfe obj lfekce kcek k cerls cerls fuer fuer sbfufbr sbfufbrkye kye uktuo uktuo `b`dbk `b`dbktuo tuo erbe sbpbrtl fb`derek (Ce`der 4>).

Ce`der 4< 7 Fu`bk olstlo mlfeplsl afbj bpltbf amaktacbklo  mek erbe sbf bpltbf "Cjast" yekc `bkakgaf ob

mefe` fu`bk mbkcek mbkcek erbe yekc `bkukgu oefsliloesl (^bwerkeek J mek B Ó`bkukguooek 5>>) ooek ^brewetek ^brewe tek fbsl olstlo `bfldetoek `bfldetoek bkuofbesl bkuofbesl gekcoe gekcoe  pekgekc yekc sbfefu ml  iaffaw up. Oboe`dujek tbrcektukc  peme pbkcekcoetek olste sbhere `bkybfuruj. ^rackasls delo  uktuo HCHAH olstlo mek uktuo HCHAH kbapfestlo `eslj  dbfu` pestl uktuo prackaslskye. HCHAH mepet mloeltoek mbkcek tu`ar amaktacbklo felk sbpbrtl tu`ar amaktacbklo  embk embka` a`et etal alm, m,

il ildr dra` a`ee

e`bf e`bfad adfe fest stlo lo

ildr ildraa-am amak akta ta`e `e

23

 

e`bfadfestlo, mek e`bfadfesta`e ml `eke pbkcadetek mek  prackasls peme oesus tbrsbdut mlmeseroek peme tu`ar  tbro tbroel elt. t.^e ^eme me oesu oesuss lkl lkl em emef efej ej oe oesu suss oe oefs fsli lilo loes esll ol olst stee amaktacbklo ofeslo. B. Olste Temloufbr Dbser (Clekt) Mbkcek Xlkus @eoslferls Dlfetbref

 

Oesus

Xbarekc feol-feol dbrusle 45 tejuk mbkcek obfujek ute` ute`ee mr mrelk elkesb esb ke keke kej j me merl rl me mebr brej ej ek ektb tbrla rlarr rej rejek ekc c et etes. es. Tlweyet obsbjetekkye mefe` detes kar`ef. ^b`brloseek ^b`br loseek bostrearef bostrearef tlmeo `bkukguoo `bkukguooek ek emekye emekye esl`btr esl` btrll wegej. wegej. Xbfe`e Xbfe`e pb`brlo pb`brloseek seek lktrea lktrearef, ref, mrelke mrelkesb sb kekej merl clkclve ektere clcl dbrgu`fej 44 mek 48, mek  pbrudejek werke mek apesltes peme clcl dbrgu`fej 44 mle` mle`et etl. l. Xb Xbfe felk lk ltu, ltu, tbrm tbrmep epet et oe oerl rlbs bs me mefe fe` ` pe peme me cl clcl cl  dbrka`ar 59. Xb Xbfe fekg kgut utky kye, e,

mltb mltb`u `uoe oek k

pb pb`d `dbk bkco coeo eoek ek

ye yekc kc

 dbrifuotuesl mek tlmeo eme kybrl `bfues merl clcl oeklkus olrl ob mebrej `afer oekek mltutupl mbkcek `uoase utuj mek fbdlj `bkakgaf ml mebrej pefetef merl mebrej `afer rejekc etes etes olrl olrl _Ce` _Ce`de derr 8> 8>P. P. Rg Rgll pu pufp fpee bf bfbo botr trlo lo `bku `bkukg kguo uooe oek k

2:

 

 dejwe sb`ue clcl rejekc etes, obhuefl yekc dbrka`ar 44 mek 59 mefe` obemeek vltef.

Ce`der derek ek lktrea lktrearef ref merl merl pb`dbk pb`dbkcoe coeoek oek Ce`der 8> 7  Ce`  pefetef yekc tlmeo `bkl`dufoek rese seolt (pekej putlj) ^b`brloseek remlacreil pekare`lo `bkukguooek fbsl remlafusbk merl rbcla `afer oekek etes ob rbcla `afer olrl. ^brdet ^br detese esek k sofbra sofbratlo tlo dewejk dewejkye ye te`peo te`peo fbdlj fbdlj gbf gbfes. es. Clcl Clcl ka`ar 44 dbr`lcresl ob mlstef. Clcl ka`ar 48 `bkcefe`l ob obru ruseo seoek ek pe perej rej me mek k `b`l `b`lfl flol ol pb pbrl rlam amak aktl tltl tlss pb pbrle rlepl ploe oeff orakls ml pukheo eoer _Ce`der 85P.

Ce`d Ce `der er 85 7  ^bke`peoek fbsl `bfues mek detes lkibrlar 

(pekej putlj) peme iata pekare`lo.

2<

 

Rktuo `bkbktuoek detes fbsl, mlcukeoek hakb dbe` ha`putbrlzbm ha`pu tbrlzbm ta`acrepjy ta`acrepjy   (HDH]) (HDH]).. ^eme ^eme ce`der ce`der HDH] HDH] eoslef, oarakef, mek secltef, fbsl remlafusbk, yekc `bkclkvesl sbfuruj sbfu ruj slkus slkus `eoslfe `eoslferls rls olrl olrl mek sbdecl sbdeclek ek dbser dbser rakcce rakcce jlmu jlmukc kc lk lkibr ibrla larr me mek k `bfu `bfues es ob slku slkuss `eos `eoslf lfer erls ls oe oeke kek, k, tbrmbtbosl. ^brolreek ml`bksl fbsl emefej 85,3 `` x 2>,9 `` _Ce` _Ce`de derr 84 84PP e me mek k dP. dP. Ml Mltb` tb`uo uoek ek gu guce ce de dejw jwee fb fbsl sl re reml mlaf afus usbk bk ml ep epbo boss clcl clcl ka ka`a `arr 59 tlme tlmeo o db dbrj rjud uduk ukce cek k mbkcek fbsl remlafusbk yekc dbser _Ce`der 84P hP. Ce`der

HDH]

rboakstruosl

tlce

ml`bksl

`bkukguooek dejwe fbsl dbser `bkybdedoek rbsarpsl tufekc ml sbolter eoer clcl dbrgu`fej 48, 4=, mek 42, mek sbdeclek  dbser pefetlk. _Ce`der 88P e mek dP.

e`plfek lfek fbsl fbsl hak hakbb dbe` dbe` ha`put ha`putbrlz brlzbm  bm  Ce`d Ce `der er 84 7  ]e`p ta`acrepjy.   (e ta`acrepjy. (e)) Xe Xecl clte tef, f, (d (d)) eo eosl slef ef,, (h (h)) oarakef

9>

 

Ce`der

88

Tboa oaks kstru truos osll tlce tlce ml ml`b `bks ksl, l, te te`p `plf lfek ek 7  Tb ta`acr ta` acreil eil tbroa`p tbroa`putb utbrlse rlsesl sl hakb dbe` merl fbsl.. (e) ]e`plf fbsl ]e`plfek ek `bmlaf `bmlafetbr etbref ef rejekc rejekc etes olrl. (d) ]e`plfek lkibrlar rejekc etes

^b ^b`b `brl rlos osee eek k

jlst jlstap apet etaf afac acll

me merl rl

sp spbs bsl` l`bk bk

fb fbsl sl

`bku `b kukg kguo uooe oek k pb pbrem remek ekce cek k ye yekc kc tb tbrm rmlr lrll me merl rl sb sbff pf pfes es`e `e,, fl`i fl`ias aslt lt,, kb kbut utra rail ilf, f, me mek k fbuoa fbuoasl sltt ml erbe erbe lk lktr treb ebpl pltbf tbf me mek k sudb sudbpl pltb tbff st stru ruot otur ur olst olstlo lo,, ye yekc kc ml mltu tutu tupl pl mb mbkc kcek ek bp bplt ltbf bf soue`ase dbrfepls-fepls. Xtruotur lkl mlsbdut sbdecel olste remloufbr yekc `bremekc. (Ce`der 8=).

Ce`der 8= 7 @ukhufkye sbf pfes`e, fl`iaslt mek fbuoaslt kbutrailf mefe` struotur olstlo yekc mlfeplsl bpltbf soue`ase. (J mek B, Ó 5>>)

95

 

 

^b`dejesek

Xekcet Xek cet gerekc gerekc mltb`u mltb`uoek oek olste olste amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo yekc yekc tbfej `bkhepel uourek yekc sekcet dbser sbpbrtl peme oesus lkl. lkl.

@b`e @b`ekc kc

obre obreta taol olst stee

am amak akta tacb cbkl klo o

(AOH (A OH), ),

ol olst stee

mbktlc mbk tlcbra braus, us, mek olste olste tufekc tufekc treu`et treu`etls ls mepet mepet `bkhep `bkhepel el obfuesek yekc sekcet fues. ^eme u`u`kye olste remloufbr  hb hbkm kmbru brukc kc tu tu`d `duj uj mb mbkc kcek ek fe fe`d `det et me mek k tlme tlmeo o `bkh `bkhep epel el uourek yekc dbser. Ke`uk, olste lkl mepet `b`dbser uktuo  `bkb`petl sbfuruj ouemrek rejekc. Olste mefe` oesus lkl `bkhep `bk hepel el ml` ml`bks bksll yekc yekc sekcet sekcet dbser dbser mbkcek mbkcek `bkybr `bkybrekc ekc  declek ute`e merl slkus s lkus `eoslferls olrl mek `bfues ob slkus `eoslferls oekek. @bsolpuk `bkhbr`lkoek sliet AOH mek olste mbktlcbraus, mbktlcbraus, `bkerlokye `bkerlokye oesus lkl mlfeparoek mlfeparoek sbdecel olste ols te remlou remloufbr fbr.. Olste Olste remlou remloufbr fbr ml tbceoe tbceoekoe koerbk rbkee emekye emekye mbiar`esl tufekc mek pbremekcek, eteu, sbpbrtl mefe` oesus lkl, sbhere obdbtufek obdbtufek mbkcek pb`brloseek remlacreil rutlk. ^brfue ^br fuesek sek olste olste ama amakta ktacbk cbklo lo ob slkus slkus `eoslf `eoslferls erls  dbroeltek mbkcek obmboetek fbsl mbkcek slkus. Olste yekc tbrlkibosl tbrlki bosl `bkukguooe `bkukguooek k bospeksl bospeksl sl`btrls sl`btrls mek `bkybder ob ruekc rue kc sbpbrt sbpbrtll slkus slkus eteu rakcce rakcce jlmukc jlmukc peme tltlotltlo-tlt tltlo lo ml `eke tufekc fb`ej. Jefl lkl yekc `bduet olste lkl`b`lflol lkl`b`lflol sliett yekc slie yekc esl`ta` esl`ta`etlo etlo mek tlmeo tlmeo `bkybd `bkybdedo edoek ek esl`btr esl`btrll obhuefl obhue fl dlfe slkus tbrlsl tbrlsl pbkuj. Mb`lolek Mb`lolek pufe, olste olste mefe`

94

 

oesus oes us lkl `bfues `bfues ob slkus slkus `eoslfe `eoslferls rls mek rakcce rakcce jlmukc jlmukc tekpe cbgefe epe puk. ^eme olste yekc dbser, sbpbrtl oesus lkl, tbrute`e ye yekc kc db dbrj rjud uduk ukce cek k mb mbkc kcek ek slkus slkus `eos `eoslf lfer erls, ls, remla remlacr creil eil  pekare`lh `eslj dbfu` huoup uktuo pbkbceoek mleckasls. HDH] HD H]

`b`l `b`lfl flol ol

db dbdb dbre repe pe

ob obuk ukcc ccuf ufek ek

ml mlde dekm kmlk lkco coek ek

remlacreil pekare`lo sbpbrtl mbtelf tufekc yekc tlkccl, rlkhl tbktek tbk tekc c ml`bks ml`bksll fbsl mek juduk judukcek cek ektere ektere olste olste mbkcek mbkcek struotur sbpbrtl slkus, ardltef, mek rakcce jlmukc. Jef lkl  guce dbrcuke uktuo pesoe sbdbfu` mek sbsumej apbresl merl olste ml slkus `eoslferls. Mleck Mle ckasl aslss dekmlk dekmlkc c olste olste ml mebrej mebrej `eoslf `eoslfee yeltu yeltu AOH,, e`bfad AOH e`bfadfes festa` ta`e, e, tu`ar tu`ar amakta amaktacbk cbklo lo embka` embka`eta etalm, lm, il ildr dra` a`ee e`bf e`bfad adfe festl stlo, o, `los `losa` a`e. e. AOH AOH sb sbde decl clek ek db dbser  ser  tbrfbteo ml demek pastbrlar `ekmldufe, mek gerekc tbrfljet ml re reje jekc kc etes. etes. Lk Lkll `bku `bkukg kguo uooe oek k em emek ekye ye bo bosp spek eksl sl tu tufe fekc kc `lkl`ef. Clcl yekc tbrfldet tbtep pbktlkc. Olste Ols te mefe` mefe` oesus oesus lkl `b`lflol `b`lflol detes detes yekc yekc gbf gbfes, es, uklfao ukl faoufe uferr tekpe tekpe sbpte sbpte lktbrk lktbrkef ef mek `b`lflo `b`lfloll clcl clcl mbvlte mbvlteff yekc rbfbvek. Xbdeclek dbser e`bfadfesta`e dbrob`dekc ml rbcla pastbrlar `ekmldufe mek dlfe tbrgeml ml rejekc etes, lkl emefej rbcla `afer obtlce. Merl mebrej tbrsbdut, dlse `bfues

98

 

ob slkus slkus `eos `eoslf lfer erls ls me mek k me meser ser jl jlmu mukc kc.. ]bpl ]bpl fb fbsl sl sb sbrlk rlkc c `bfbkc `bf bkcou oukc. kc. Xb`bkt Xb`bktere ere fbsl fbsl obhlf obhlf `b`lfl `b`lflol ol remlaf remlafusb usbk k sb sbre rec ce`, e`,

fbsl fbsl

yek yekc

fbd fbdlj

dbs bser er

`b` `b`lflo lfloll

te te`p `plf lfek ek

`uftlfaoufbr. Fbsll mefe` Fbs mefe` oesus oesus lkl dbresef dbresef merl merl rbcla rbcla lkslsl lkslslvus vus rejekc etes, mek uklfaoufer. Dbrdbme mbkcek olste mefe` oesus lkl, tu`ar amaktacbklo embka`etalm sbrlkc mloeltoek mbkcek mbk cek clcl clcl yekc yekc tbf tbfej ej tekcce tekccef. f. Xbfelk Xbfelk ltu, ltu, remlaa remlaapes peslte ltess lktbrkef dbrob`dekc ml sbdeclek dbser oesus. Ildra`e e`bfadfestlo dlesekye dbrob`dekc ml erbe  pra`afer-`afer `ekmldufe, mek dlesekye dbrjudukcek mbkcek

clcl

yekc

tlmeo

brupsl. sl.

Xtruotur

lktbr brk kef

`uftlfaouf `uftl faoufbr. br. Xbmekcoek Xbmekcoek,, @yxa`e @yxa`e u`u`kye u`u`kye `bkybrekc `bkybrekc `ekmldufe pastbrlar, mek dlfe eme ml rejekc etes, le ob`defl mltb`uoek ml mebrej yekc se`e. Dlesekye dbrdetes tbces, tbte tbtepl pl obde obdeky kyeo eoek ek fb fbsl sl yekc yekc em emee ml re reje jekc kc et etes es tlme tlmeo  o   dbrdetes tbces Rktu Rk tuo o

mlec mlecka kasls sls pe pest stll

ml mlpb pbrfu rfuoe oek k

pb pb`b `brlo rlosee seek k

jlsta jlstape peta tafa facl cl,, tbs tbs vltef vlteflt ltes es pu pufp fpe, e, tlkm tlkmeo eo fe fekg kgut ut ge gekc kcoe oe  pekgekc, mek pb`brloseek jlstapetafacl dbrufekc. Mefe` oesus lkl, sb`ue clcl rejekc etes tbs vltefltes pasltli obhuefl clcl ka`ar 44, yekc mepet ml muce sbdecel pbkybded olste.

9=

 

Jeslf Jes lf pb`brl pb`brlose oseek ek jlstap jlstapeta etafac facll dlapsl dlapsl lkslsl lkslsl ewef ewef mek `esse yekc mlpatakc sbfurujkye emefej olste remloufbr. ^brewe ^br ewetek tek olste olste remlou remloufbr fbr mltbkt mltbktuoe uoek k sbjuduk sbjudukcek cek mbkcek gbkls mek vafu`b fbsl. Olste obhlf dlesekye sb`duj mbkcek pbrewetek bkmamaktlo. Mefe` oesus fbsl yekc sekcet  dbser, uktuo `bkcjlkmerl ob`ukcolkek oa`pfloesl sbpbrtl ireoturr petafacls, ireotu petafacls, pbrte`e-te`e pbrte`e-te`e `b`lkl`efoe `b`lkl`efoek k fbsl mbkcek mbkcek `ersupleflsesl mek ob`umlek boslsl tatef. @bsolpuk ml`bksl fbsl fbsl

mefe mefe` `

oes esus us

lkl lkl

`bk `bkcere cerejo joek ek

uk uktu tuo o

`b`lf b`lflj lj

`ersupleflsesl sbdecel pbkcadetek, gloe peslbk tlmeo rutlk uktu ktuo

oakt oaktra raf, f,

bku bkuofbe ofbesl sl

jer eru us

ml mlp plflj lflj

sb sbde dec cel

 pbkcadetekkye.

92

 

DED LY OBXL@^RFEK

Olste remloufbr `brupeoek olste yekc dbresef merl sbf bpltbf peme flce`bk flce` bk pbrlamakt pbrlamaktef ef yekc kak-vltef yekc  peflkc

(clcl yekc

mefe`, mefe`,

tbrstl`ufesl tbrstl`ufesl

tbfej

jlfekc

afbj

obremekcek obremekcek

vlteflteskye

rbstaresl rbstaresl yekc tbrfefu fues, mek

sbrlkc

mlgu`pel

merl

mloerbkeoek treu`e). treu`e).

clcl oerlbs

Olste lkl

peme rejekc peme u`u`kye. Olste remloufbr 

 peme ce`derek remlacreilo mepet mltb`uoek peme declek epbos clcl kakvltef yekc dbrdbktuo dufet eteu avef te`peo remlafusbk mbkcek uourek yekc dbrverlesl, peme u`u`kye dbrdetes remlapeo. Olste mbktlcbraus `brupeoek olste amaktacbklo yekc tbrgeml eoldet pb`dbktuoek helrek ektere feplsek slse bpltbf bke`bf fuer mek mefe` eteu ektere feplsek feplsek

slse

bpltbf

bke`bf bke`bf

arcek

mek

`ejoate `ejoate

clcl

yekc tbfej tbrdbktuo sb`purke yekc dbfu` brupsl. ^eme ce`derek remlacreilskye, olste mbktlcbraus lkl uklfaoufbr, dbrdetes gbfes dbrdbktuo  slroufe slro uferr mbkcek mbkcek declek declek mefe` mefe` tbrflje tbrfljett remlaf remlafusb usbk k mek detes detes remlap remlapeo  eo  `bkcbflflkcl `ejoate clcl l`peosl yekc tbrfldet. Olste fetbref pbrlamaktef tbr`esuo olste amaktacbk yekc tbrgeml merl hbfej `b`drek pbrlamaktef merl clcl clcl vltef. Olste lkl dlesekye tbrfljet tbrfljet sbdecel dbktuoek uklfaoufer

remuafusbk

yekc

tbrdbktuo

merl

hbfej

flce`bk pbrlamaktef. Olste tbrfljet dbrdetes gbfes remlapeo mek tbroemekc tbrfljet sofbratlo.

99

 

Amak Am akta tac cbklh bklh

obr bret eta ahyst hyst

tbr` tbr`es esu uo

me mefe fe` `

mb mbvb vbfa fap` p`bk bkte teff

amaktacbklh hyst yekc dbresef merl slse gerlkcek mbktef fe`lke. Olste lkl `bkukguooek dbktuo yekc dbrdbme oerbke `b`lflol oereotbrlstlo dbrupe obretlklsesl mek feplsek olste dbrdbktuo dum  yekc  yekc `bkgemloekkye `b`lflol tlkcoet oboe`dujek yekc tlkccl. amaktacbklh obretahyst tbrfljet remlafusbk  dbrjuducek mbkcek clcl delo mefe` pbrloarakef, lktbr-remloufer,

eteu

 pbrleploef, eteu dbrjudukcek mbkcek clcl clcl yekc jlfekc. Cfekmu Cfe kmufer fer amakta amaktacbk cbklh lh hyst hyst (CAH) (CAH) `brupe `brupeoek oek olste olste lktred lktredaky aky amakta ama ktacbk cbklo lo safltb safltbrr eteu eteu `uftlf `uftlfaou aoufesl fesl yekc yekc gerekc gerekc tbrgem tbrgeml, l, ke`e ke`e olste olste amakta ama ktacbk cbklo lo cfekm cfekmufe uferr sbkmlr sbkmlrll pbrte` pbrte`ee oefl oefl mlcuke mlcukeoek oek oerbke oerbke bpltbf bpltbf mlkmlkc olste lkl jekye `bkcekmukc bfb`bk `uslk tekpe emekye duotl obtbrfldetek gerlkcek obfbkger seflve mlmefe`kye. CAH emefej fbsl fekcoe mek ecrbsli mbkcek tlkcoet oboe`dujek yekc rbfetli tlkccl. Ml`eke olste lk lkll `b`l `b`lfl flol ol oe oere reot otbr brlst lstlo lo jlsta jlstape peta tafa facl clss ye yekc kc uk uklo lo me mek k tlme tlmeo o gbfes gbfes jlstacbkbslskye. Olste Brupsl yekc mlkmlkc bpltbfkye `b`pukyel judukcek mbkcek `ejoate clcl susu eteu oemekc-oemekc clcl tbtep yekc sbmekc brupsl. Olste tbrdbkt tbrd bktuo uo mefe` mefe` cusl cusl ml etes etes `ejoat `ejoatee clcl clcl yekc yekc sbmekc sbmekc brupsl brupsl oerbke tbrgeml eou`ufesl helrek gerlkcek eteu merej ml mefe` suetu ruekc iafloufer  ye yekc kc `b`d `b`dbse bserr ml sbolt sbolter er `ejo `ejoat atee clcl clcl ye yekc kc brups brupsl. l. Olst Olstee lk lkll me mepe pett uklfet ukl fetbref bref eteu dlfetbr dlfetbref, ef, setu eteu eteu `uftlp `uftlpbf, bf, mek hakcbk hakcbklte ltef, f, mek gerekc gerekc `bkybdedoek pbrcbsbrek clcl. ^eflkc sbrlkc mltb`uoek peme rejekc etes mek peme gbkls obfe`lk weklte.

93

 

MEI]ET ^RX]EOE

5. Xumlak Xumlaka a G. Olste Olste amaktac amaktacbkl bklo o 7 ^brtu` ^brtu`duj dujek, ek, pbrob`d pbrob`dekc ekcek ek mek oa`pfloesl. Geoerte7 BCH? 4>5>7 jef 5-9. 4. Xjber @. Olste Olste Takcce Takcce @ufut @ufut bmlsl 8 7 BCH? BCH? 4>>:7 4>>:7 5-2. 8. Fefedakave J, Mesoefav J. Gew hysts ekm culmbm dakb rbcbkb rbc bkbret retlak lak (e fetb fetb ha`pfl ha`pflhetl hetlak ak eitbr eitbr bkuhfbe bkuhfbetla tlak). k). Gaurke Gaurkeff ai  L@ED vaf.5< lssub =? 4>587 pp =>5-8. =. Ehlo Ehloc caz E, Dufu ufut BR, BR, Azm Azmbk D, Cuk ukmu muzz O. ^rbv ^rbvef efbk bkhb hb ek ekm m mlstrldutlak ai amaktacbklh ekm kakamaktacbklh hysts lk e ]urolsj ^apufetlak. @bm aref ^etaf Hlr Duhef? 4>54 Gek L753(5)7 pp :-52. 2. @bklkc @bklkceum eum G^, Aprbek Aprbek K, Erkkap Erkkap ^^, Dbrtrek Dbrtrekm m GH. Amaktacb Amaktacbklh klh hysts7 e hflklhef stumy ai 9>97 pp 25>7pp 393-3. 3. Xjber,@ Xjber,@.. Xpblcjt Xpblcjt,, ^@. Hysts ai tjb aref ekm `exlff `exlffaieh aiehlef lef rbclaks rbclaks,, =tj bmltlak. Axiarm7Dfehowbff @ukosceerm?4>>37pp.5-539. :. Kucreje Kucreje E. ^afe ^afe mlstrldu mlstrldusl sl oesus olste amakta amaktacbk cbk peme peme lkstefesl lkstefesl clcl clcl mek `ufut ru`ej seolt oate suredeye pbrlamb 4>5>-4>54. ^brpusteoeek Rkelr7 Xuredeye? 4>58   . Hewsak, Hewsak, T, Ambff, Ambff, B, ^artbr, ^artbr, X .Hewsak“s .Hewsak“s Bssbktlefs ai Aref  ^etjafacy ekm Aref @bmlhlkb @bmlhlkb,, 3tj bm, Hjurhjlff flvlkcstakb7 @asdy Bfsbvlbr74>547 p. 5>4,5>8. 55 55.. Mbro Mbross E, Oetse Oetsera rass H, Irbk Irbkho hobk bk GB, GB, Yek' Yek'tt Jai Jai @E, @E, Oulg Oulgpb pbrsrsGect`e Gec t`ek k E@, HerlbsHerlbs-Lkj Lkjldl ldltlk tlkc c Biibho Biibho ai ^rbvbk ^rbvbktlv tlvbb @besur @besurbs bs Murlk Mu rlkc c Artj Artjam amak aktl tlhh ]rbe ]rbet` t`bk bktt wl wltj tj Ilxb Ilxbm m Eppf Eppflek lekhb hb.. Herlb Herlbss Tbsberhj 4>>=, 8:7=58-4>.

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