Irt330 Requirements Planning and Buying
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Requirements Planning and Buying
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Copyright 2001 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
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SAP Retail LO521
Level 2 IRT100
5 days
SAP Retail Process Overview
Pricing in Purchasing
Level 3 IRT310
3 days
SAP Retail Master Data IRT320 3 days SAP Retail Pricing and Promotions IRT330
3 days
IRT340 3 days SAP Retail Supply Chain Management
IRT360 3 days SAP Retail Store Connection IRT370
2 days
SAP Retail Store
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SAP Retail BW/MAP
SAP AG 2001
SAP
3 days
LO620 3 days Pricing in SD LO525 2 days Consumption-Based Forecast LO520 3 days Purchasing Details/Optimization LO530 5 days Basic Processes in Wareh.Management LO610 2 days Shipping LO611 3 days Transportation LO615 2 days Billing LO605 4 days Sales LO925 2 days Cross-Application Business Processes in SD and MM LO515 3 days Invoice Verification
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SAP Retail Buying
IRT350
2 days
Course Prerequisites
# Basic knowledge of retailing # Required: IRT100 – Retail Process Overview # Recommended: IRT310 – Retail Master Data
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Target Group
!
Project team members
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Employees with organizational and IT responsibilities
!
Consultants
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# Duration: 3 days
! These training materials are not a teach-yourself program. They complement the explanations provided by your course instructor. Space is provided on each page for you to note down additional information. ! There may not be sufficient time during the course to complete all the exercises. The exercises provide additional examples that are covered during the course. You can also work through these examples in your own time to increase your understanding of the topics.
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# Participants:
Course Overview
Contents: ! Course Goal ! Course Objectives ! Course Content ! Main Business Scenario
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! Course Overview Diagram
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Course Goal
This course will prepare you to: ! Make the system settings required for all
purchasing activities in a SAP Retail system.
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Course Objectives
At the conclusion of this course, you will be able to: ! Make the settings needed to carry out processes
relating to merchandise procurement as effectively as possible.
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Course Content
Course Overview
Unit 2
Requirements Planning
Unit 3
Ordering
Unit 4
Subsequent Settlement
Unit 5
Vendor Evaluation
Unit 6
Conclusion
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Unit 1
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Preface
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Course Overview Requirements Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor Evaluation
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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Course Overview Diagram
Conclusion
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Main Business Scenario
! Your company has decided to implement SAP
Retail and you are responsible for all purchasing activities.
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Requirements Planning
Contents: ! Requirements planning ! Investment buying ! Perishables ! Allocation table
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! Replenishment
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Requirements Planning: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: ! Describe the various requirements planning procedures and make the necessary system settings
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! Use investment buying and perishables planning (special requirements planning cases) ! Explain the basic concept of replenishment
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! Distribute merchandise using an allocation table
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Course Overview Requirements Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor Evaluation
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1 2 3 4 5 6
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Course Overview Diagram
Conclusion
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Requirements Planning: Business Scenario
! You carry out requirements planning for your merchandise at regular intervals in the warehouse. You use the vendor as one selection criterion for the articles for which requirements planning is to be carried out.
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! As a result of these activities, you have purchase requisitions, which can be converted into purchase orders.
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Requirements Planning: Topic Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Make the most important settings for requirements planning and carry out various requirements planning runs. Make settings in the master data
"
Maintain planning calendars for time-phased planning
"
Carry out a requirements planning run
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"
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! Perform the following activities:
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Requirements Planning: Purpose
! Automatic processes for supplying merchandise at site level ! Monitoring stocks in a site ! Centralized and local use
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Merchandise
Requirem.
Dist. Dist. center center
Requirement
Store Store
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Merchandise Vendor Vendor
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Merchandise
Requirement
SAP
" The main purpose of requirements planning in retailing is to monitor stocks and automatically generate procurement proposals for Purchasing. This aim is acheived using various requirements planning procedures.
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" Both the use of a centralized purchasing policy, with ordering in the hands of the head office alone, and purchasing (partial or complete) at a local level are supported by the system.
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Requirements planning: Overview
RP type Forecast indicator
Purchase requisition
Consumption values 10/2000 11/2000 12/2000
Requirements planning
Forecast
987 1000 1251
Perishables IB Replenishment
Item 10 Item 20
Purchase Order
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Articles Articles
Item 10 Item 20
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" The RP type plays a key role in requirements planning. It controls whether a forecast needs to be carried out or not. " A purchase requisition is normally generated as the result of requirements planning. " Exceptions to this are planning requirements for perishables, Investment Buyer and replenishment. You can also create purchase orders from these particular processes. " Assignment of the RP type takes place in the article's logistics view.
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Requirements Planning: Forecast
Logistics view RP type
Replenishment
Forecast
Forecast
Forecast
Reorder point of safety stock
Future requirements
Future requirements for dynamic target stock
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Time-phased requirements planning
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Automatic reorder point planning
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Articles Articles
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" The following forecast models are possible:
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" For articles planned using time-phased and forecast based planning, the forecast estimates the future requirements directly.
Internal
" For articles planned using automatic reorder point planning, the reorder point and safety stock can be checked for each forecast run and the expected requirement adjusted accordingly.
" If the target stock has to be determined dynamically, a forecast is needed for replenishment. Constant model
•
Trend model
•
Seasonal model
•
Seasonal trend model
Only
•
" The forecast parameters are defined in article master maintenance. You use them to define the time interval of the forecast, the number of historical values used, the number of periods to be forecast, and so on. " Each of these forecast models requires a minimum number of consumption values. New articles can make use of the historical values of another article for a certain period of time.
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Requirements Planning: Model Selection Selection
Manual model selection with additional automatic test
Manual
T: Test for trend
Automatic
S: Test for season
Model selection
A: Test for trend and season
Models
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Constant model Trend models Seasonal models Seasonal trend models
Automatic
Parameters
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Basic value Basic value Trend value
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Basic value Season indices
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" Before the first forecast, you must define the model the system is to use to determine forecast values. You can select the model as follows: •
Manually
•
Automatically
•
Manually, with an additional, automatic test
Partner
" If you want to select the forecast model manually, you must first analyze the consumption sequence. This method is advised for mass articles. " With automatic model selection, you can make system settings that have the system analyze the consumption sequence and select the model that best forecasts future consumption. For reasons of performance, you are advised to only use this method for selected articles. " In the case of manual selection with the additional, automatic test, you enter a model manually, and have the system look for the trend, season, or seasonal trend.
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Requirements Planning: Prerequisites for the Forecast Article Site
R100000 R300 Articles
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RP type
Forecast data R2
Forecast model Period indicator
Consumption values 1253 03/00 1178 02/00 1182 01/00
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Planning data
Forecast
Use
Customizing RP type
+
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" A forecast can only be carried out if historical consumption values exist for the article. The system generally updates consumption values in the article master when stocks are removed from the warehouse, and these values can be checked and if necessary corrected before the forecast is carried out. In addition, it is possible to enter historical consumption values manually as the base values for the first forecast.
" The results of the forecast are then used requirements planning if the forecast indicator is selected in Customizing for the RP type.
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" If the consumption statistics required for the forecast are not yet available for an article, it is possible to carry out a forecast with reference to another article.
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" If you want to carry out the forecast for an article, you must first define the forecast data for this article in the article master.
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Requirements Planning: First Forecast
Consumption values 110 Article R100000 105 92 ... Forecast model T
Period 01: 116 02: 122 03: 128 ...
Parameter optimizing Optimizing of smoothing factors
Ex-post forecast Forecast for past periods
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Forecast
Model initialization Determination of Model parameters e.g. base value trend value
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Forecast values
" The ex-post forecast is a forecast for historical periods. Consumption values are forecast on the basis of historical consumption values and compared with actual consumption values, so that the model parameters are adjusted in line with actual consumption as effectively as possible.
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" Parameter optimizing is used to optimize the smoothing factors. The system searches through various parameter combinations and selects the one with the lowest mean absolute deviation.
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" For the first forecast for an article, the necessary model parameters (base value, trend value, season indices) are determined for the relevant forecast model. This model initialization happens automatically and must be carried out again if the forecast model used ceases to be valid
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Requirements Planning: Ex-Post Forecast
Time
SAP
Forecast values
Historical values
" The ex-post forecast is used: for models with exponential smoothing
•
to optimize parameters
•
if forecast periods are intentially omitted
•
to evaluate the quality of the forecast
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" For the initial forecast, the system carries out an ex-post forecast if more historical values are available than are needed or should be used for initialization. The series of historical consumption values is split in two. The first set of values, that is, the earliest group of values, is used for model initialization. A forecast is carried out for the second set, which means that forecast values are calculated for the past period and compared with the actual consumption values. This ensures that the model parameters are better adjusted to most recent developments.
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Forecast
Number of forecast values
Number of historicalvalues
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Ex-post forecast
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Number of historical values for initialization
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Consumption
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Requirements Planning: Steps in the Forecast
Interactive forecast
Background forecast
Start
Carry out forecast
List
Follow up
Values Messages
List
Site Stock planner Error class
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Check forecast values and messages
Site Stock planner
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Maintain historical values
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" There are various ways of carrying out the forecast for articles. •
Individual forecast (interactive/not interactive)
•
Complete forecast (online/in the background)
" The interactive individual forecast is triggered on the Forecast screen in article maintenance. The forecast settings can be changed online as required before the result of the forecast is stored. An interactive graphical feature is available for checking and changing the forecast values.
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" A complete forecast is carried out for a particular site and period indicator. To keep system load as low as possible, you are advised to carry out a complete forecast in the background. Once the forecast run has finished, you get a list of all articles for which the forecast was carried out, providing you selected the Log record indicator. If you did not select this indicator, a list is not created.
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Requirements Planning: Carrying Out a Forecast
Individual forecast
one article in one site
online
Complete forecast
all articles in one site
online or in the background
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Carried out...
Internal
Forecast for...
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" In SAP Retail, there are two ways of forecasting future requirements of articles in sites: •
Individual forecast Here, the consumption for one article in one site is forecast online.
•
Complete forecast Here, the consumption for all articles in one site, or all sites, is forecast. You can do this online or in the background.
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Requirements Planning: Influencing the Forecast
Manual correction of consumption values and forecast values
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Fixing of forecast values
Limiting the series of historical values
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Promotion smoothing
User exits
" A fixing indicator is automatically set for corrected forecast values. This indicator ensures that the correction value is not changed by subsequent forecast runs. " Forecast values can also be fixed manually. As a result, these values are not changed by subsequent forecast runs. " You can enter the number of historical periods that the system uses in the forecast. The default value is the maximum possible value (60). If you limit the number of historical periods, the most recent values are used in the forecast.
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" Promotion smoothing is used to smooth the consumption values resulting in a promotion period, so that the results of the promotion do not distort the forecast. " The forecast and consumption values can also be changed separately in user exits.
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" You cannot manually change the forecast values calculated by the system directly either. You must change these, too, using correction values.
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" You cannot manually change the historical values updated by the system directly. Instead you must change them by using correction values. You may need to do this in the case of outliers, for example.
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Requirements Planning: Assessing the Forecast Results List
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Article Article
Internal
Messages for the article
Article Article
Use
Processing
SAP Use
Check the results of the forecast using a list You can use a print program to output a list of the articles involved in the forecast and use this list for checking purposes.
•
Check the results of the forecast online Errors or exceptions occurring during the complete forecast are logged in exception messages and assigned to a particular error class. The articles for which errors occurred during the forecast are flagged as such. You can look at and process these flagged articles online. It is possible to select only these articles by entering the relevant error class.
" The following are examples of exceptional situations: •
No historical values exist
•
Safety stock not calculated as the service level = 0
•
Time series characteristic has changed
" You assign an exceptional situation to an error class in Customizing.
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•
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" Once a complete forecast has been carried out, the results must be checked to ensure the forecast ran without errors. There are two ways of doing this:
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Requirements Planning: Methods and Features RP procedure
RP type
S t o c k
C o n s u m p .
Forecast-based planning
VB: Manual reorder point planning Time
.. .
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Time
Order date Mo Tu WeTh Fr Sa Su Mo Tu WeTh Fr Sa Su
Time-phased Planning cycle planning Delivery cycle
.. .
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Time-phased planning
VM: Automatic reorder point planning
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Reorder point planning
120 110 100 90 80 70 60
RP:Replenishment planning
Replenishment
SAP
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" Six basic methods are used in requirements planning:
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2. Forecast-based planning 3. Time-phased planning 4. Replenishment 5. Materials requirements planning (MRP)* 6. Master production scheduling (MPS)*
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1. Reorder point planning
*MRP and MPS are not relevant for retailing and are therefore not the subject of this course.
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Requirements Planning: Reorder Point Planning
Lot size
Safety stock Minimum safety stock
Reorder point
Delivery date
Time
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Reorder point
Replenishment lead time
" The purpose of the safety stock is to provide a buffer if consumption for the article is greater than expected, or if new deliveries of the article are delayed. As a result, existing consumption values and future requirements, and the reliability of the vendor to deliver on time must be taken into consideration when the safety stock is defined.
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" The reorder point is calculated using a safety stock stock and the expected average article consumption during the replenishment lead time. As a result, the safety stock, existing consumption values, and the replenishment lead time must be taken into consideration when the reorder point is defined.
Partner
" In this requirements planning method, the available stock in the warehouse is compared with the reorder point. If the available warehouse stock is less than the reorder point, a procurement proposal is generated.
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Stock
Requirements Planning: Safety Stock and Reorder Point
Safety stock
Replenishment lead time Service level
Replenishment lead time
Time
Minimum safety stock
(MAD) Requirement fluctuations
Use
Partner
Reorder point
Daily requirem. x Replenishment lead time
" When articles are removed from stock, the system checks the 'static availability', namely the stock available at that particular point in time, not taking account of future requirements. It compares the remaining stock against the reorder point. If the resulting stock is lower than the reorder point, the article is flagged for requirements planning. The next time a requirements planning run is carried out, a purchase requisition or planning order is automatically generated for the article.
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" If automatic comparison is used, the reorder point is recalculated as well as the safety stock. This is defined as the sum of the safety stock and the forecast requirement within the replenishment lead time.
Partner
" Even if a warehouse is able to deliver an article 100% of the time, an appropriate safety stock must be retained in the warehouse, with all the costs involved, because forecasts may still be incorrect. The safety stock is dependent on the service level, the replenishment lead time, and the quality of the forecast resulting from the mean absolute deviation (MAD).
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Stock
Requirements Planning: Time-Phased Planning Stock
Safety stock Minimum Safety stock
Time Mo
Tu
We
Planning/ reorder point
Th
Fr Delivery date
Mo
Tu
We
Th
Fr
Replenishment lead time
Use
Partner
Coverage period
Internal
Only
Lot size
" Articles for which time-phased planning is used are assigned a planning date in the planning file. This date is reset when an article master record is created and subequently after each planning run. This date corresponds to the day on which requirements planning is to be carried out next for the article. It is calculated on the basis of the planning cycle entered in the article master record. " You therefore have a method in which requirements planning for an article is always carried out on specific days defined by you. If, for example, you assign the same planning cycle for all articles supplied by a vendor, requirements planning for all of these articles will be carried out on the same days. The purchase requisitions generated when stocks are too low can be processed by the stock planner on a vendor basis in the SAP purchasing system.
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" For time-phased planning to be carried out for an article, the RP type for time-phased planning and the planning cycle must be entered in the article master record. The planning cycle is entered in the form of a planning calendar in the Planning cycle field. In addition, you must define a planned delivery time and Exact lot size as the planning lot size.
Partner
" If a vendor always delivers an article on a particular day of the week, it makes sense to carry out requirements planning using the same cycle but on a different day to take account of the delivery period. You can do this using the time-phased method of requirements planning.
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Requirements Planning: Time-Phased Planning with Delivery Cycle
Planning calendar 003 Planning days (Mo (Mo + Tu) Artikel Artikel
Purch. processing time Planned delivery time
Order days
Delivery dates
MO TU WE TH FR SA SO MO TU WE TH FR SA SO
D D
D D
B B Calculation: Week days Wednesday and Friday
B B L
L
Use
Partner
Planning calendar 002 Delivery days (We + Fr)
1 working day 3 working days
L
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" For articles that have a fixed delivery date as well as a fixed order date, you can use a planning calendar to define a delivery cycle as well as a planning cycle.
Only
Internal
" The planned delivery time is interpreted as the minimum delivery time. In other words, at least that many days pass between planning, ordering, and delivery. If, in the example, you order the goods on Tuesdays, they can be delivered on Friday at the earliest.
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Calculation: Week days Monday and Tuesday
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Requirements Planning: Planning Calendar
Planning calendar 001 Planning days (Mo (Mo)) Article Article
Start of period Previous working day
Delivery cycle
Calculation: Calculation: Week days Wednesday and Friday
to 28.05. 2000 04.06. 2000 11.06. 2000 * 18.06. 2000 08.06. 2000 18.06. 2000 25.06. 2000 02.07. 2000 10.07. 2000 16.07. 2000 23.08. 2000 30.07. 2000 06.08. 2000 13.08. 2000
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Partner
Planning calendar 002 Deliv. Deliv. days (We (We + Fr)
from 22.05. 2000 29.05. 2000 05.06. 2000 12.06. 2000 05.06. 2000 09.06. 2000 19.06. 2000 26.06. 2000 03.07. 2000 10.07. 2000 17.07. 2000 24.07. 2000 31.07. 2000 07.08. 2000
Internal
Only
Planning cycle
Calculation: Calculation: Weeks (week (week days) days) Monday
Planning periods from 22.05. - 13.08.00
* Whit Monday 12.06. 2000
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" The planning and delivery cycles for an article are stored in separate planning calendars.
" The calculation rule is used to provide a greater level of detail in the planning calendar, for example whether weekly or monthly periods are involved, or which days of the week are used as the start of the periods. " You can use the Period start date to define exceptional conditions for cases where the start date of the period is a public holiday. " Separate planning calendars are created for each site. To keep the data entry work for the individual sites to a minimum, you are advised to create planning calendars at reference site level.
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Only
Internal
" Requirements Planning needs valid periods in the planning calendar, which means that you must have the periods in the planning calendar recalculated, particularly if changes have been made. The planning file entries are automatically updated when changes are made.
Partner
" You should give the planning calendars names that reflect how they are used.
Requirements Planning: Time-Phased Planning with Reorder Point Stock
Reorder point
Only
Coverage period PC
PC
PC Replen. lead time
Time
Use
Partner
Internal
Safety stock
PC: planning cycle : Stock has reached reorder point
" When the stock falls below the reorder point, and extraordinary planning is carried out as a result, the requirement is calculated as follows: The system bases the calculation on a time interval starting at the time at which the stock fell below the reorder point, and ending on the date of the next regular planning run. The quantity ordered must satisfy the requirement of this period. Regular requirements planning is then carried out again on the next planning date.
SAP Use
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Internal
" In this case, requirements planning is not only carried out on the planning date entered in the planning file, but also when a goods issue results in the stock falling below the reorder point. If the stock falls below the reorder point, the system sets the planning indicator in the planning file, so that the article is included in the next planning run.
Partner
" You can combine time-phased planning and reorder point planning. To do this, you enter the RP type for time-phased planning in the article master record and also create a reorder point. You can also have the system use a forecast to calculate a reorder point.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Requirements Planning: Steps Involved (1/2)
March MO TU WE TH FR SA SO MO TU WE TH FR SA SO
6 days
Requirement = Ave. daily sales * (Cycle + Delivery time+ Processing time)+ Safety stock
Planning cycle
Planning file entry
Net requirem. calculat. Lot size calculation
Req. Planning
Requirem. planning
Scheduling
Purchasing
Use
Partner
Manual planning file entry
Internal
Only
Activity relevant to Requirements Planning
Purchase requisition
" Manual planning file entries can also be made at any time. " Requirements planning can be carried out online or in the background. " You can carry out specific planning for a single item or all items from a vendor, or complete planning for all articles that have a planning file entry.
Only
SAP Use Internal
" Articles for which time-phased planning is used have an entry in the planning file because they have a planning cycle.
" Purchase requisitions are generated as a result of requirements planning.
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" If automatic requirements planning is used for the article, and requirements planning is active in the site, planning file entries are created automatically each time an activity affecting requirements planning (such as goods issue, reservations, and so on) is carried out.
SAP
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Requirements Planning: Steps Involved (2/2)
Complete planning, planning, site R300
Partial planning, planning, site R300 Individual articles
Articles by vendor
Art: R100068
Vend.: R3001 VSR: Electr. MC: PC ......
March March MO TU WETH FR SA SOMO TU WETH FR SA SO
Activity relevant for Requirements Planning
6 days
Requir emen t = Ave. daily sales * (Cycle + Delivery t ime+ P ro cessing tim e)+ Saf ety st ock
background
Internal
Only
Planning file online
Dist. Dist. center center
Planning run
Purchasing
req. Purch.
...
Use
Partner
Req. Req. Planning
Purchase requisitions
SAP Use
" As a result of requirements planning, the system creates a worklist of purchase requisitions that were generated by a requirements planning run. " The planning run can be carried out in two ways: Complete planning In this case, entries are read from a planning file and requirements are planned for the articles specified in this file. The entries in this planning file are created by events affecting planning (such as goods receipts or issues, changes in master data, and sales orders). They can also be created manually or as a result of the planning cycle defined for an article using time phases. Complete planning can be triggered online or scheduled in the background.
•
Partial planning In this case, requirements planning is carried out for an individual article, or a certain number of articles from a particular vendor (irrespective of the entries that exist in the planning file). In the latter case, you can select articles according to the vendor subrange (VSR), merchandise category (MC), purchasing goup, or stock planner, for example.
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•
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Requirements Planning: Planning File Entry
R300 R300
Listing/Requirements Planning
x
R100000 R100000
R1
RP type
Internal
Only
Requirements planning
Logistics view for DC
Planning file entry
0005
Site
R100000
R300
NETCH
NETPL
X
X
...
Use
Partner
Low-level Articles code
Planning-related change in planning horizon
Planning-related change
SAP Use
" The planning file contains an entry for all of a site's planning-related articles as soon as requirements planning is activated for the site. " The planning file controls the planning run and the scope of planning. " If a planning-related change is made to the article (for example a purchase order), an entry is created in the planning file with a change indicator. If the planning-related change takes place within the planning horizon, a further change indicator is added (marked NETPL). " Maintenance of the planning horizon takes place in customizing of consumption-based planning.
Partner Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Requirements Planning: RP List and Stock/Requirements List Articles
Forecast
Section according to: - Article/site - Stock planner/site - Product group/site - Vendor/site
Planning run
Only
or
2
RP list
Restrictions: - Procurement type - RP type - Article with indicator for requirements planning
- Article/site - Stock planner/site - Product group/site - Vendor/site
Use
Partner
1
Internal
Creation indicator
Current stock/ requirements requirements list list
" The RP list reflects the results of the most recent planning run. Changes made between two planning runs are not taken into consideration in the RP list. In contrast, in the stock/requirements list, all current stock changes, receipts and issues are displayed. By comparing the RP list and the stock/requirements list, you can see the situation after the last planning run as compared to the current stock/requirements situation.
SAP Use
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Internal
" The stock/requirements list reflects the current stock and requirement situation for an article. The main difference between this and the RP list is that the stock/requirements list contains the various planning elements. As a result, the stock/requirements list always shows the current availability of an article.
Partner
" In a planning run, the system creates RP lists on the basis of creation indicators. These lists contain the results of requirements planning for the article concerned. The RP list always represents the future stock and requirements situation as at the last planning run and forms the basis for stock planner tasks. The RP list is stored in the system until it is either manually deleted or replaced by a new list created in the next planning run.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Requirements Planning: Master Data
?
?
How should article abc replenished in site xyz?
Should requirem. planning be allowed for site xyz? Dist. Dist. center center
Site master
Article master Logistics: Logistics: DC RP type Planned delivery time Lot size Stock planner Delivery cycle Autom. ordering
Requisition planning X
Planning/ Planning/forecast data
Supply source
Forecast values
Use
Procurement type
Internal
Only
Listing/ Listing/req. req. planning
Partner
Article Article
Safety stock Basic value
Site-spec. art. status
SAP Use
" For requirements planning to be possible for a site, the 'Req. planning' field must be selected in the relevant master data. " The planning method and parameters used to plan requirements of an article in a site are defined in various fields in the logistics view of the article for the site in question ('RP parameters', 'Forecast parameters', and 'Stock planner/data for procurement' subscreens).
Partner Only
Internal
" The data that is important for consumption-based planning is stored at site level in the article master record.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Requirements Planning: Control Options and Features RP type
Consumption-based method: •Reorder point planning
Planning method Use of forecast
•Forecast-based planning
• Forecast indicator Forecast values must/ can exist
•Time-phased planning
Only
Replenishment
Forecast
Planning/delivery cycle MO TU WETH FR SA SO MO TU WETH FR SA SO
• RP indicator
Partner
Internal
• Consumption indicator Take account of complete or unplanned consumption
Article Article
Automatic calculation of safety stock and reorder point
Use
Screen sequence
Only
SAP Use Internal
" Both forecast-based and time-phased planning must use forecasts. With reorder point planning and replenishment, the use of forecast values is optional.
Partner
" With the exception of replenishment, the planning methods listed above can take different forms depending on whether a forecast is used and other control parameters. These different forms are created as RP types and are assigned in the article master (logistics data).
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Requirements Planning: Planning/Forecast Profile
Article Article
Forecast parameters
Only
RP profile RD01:
RP parameters RD01 R1 30 10
RP type Reorder point Safety stock ...
Value
Default only?
R1 30 10
X
Use
Partner
RP profile RP type Reorder point Safety stock ...
Internal
Forecast profile Period indicator Forecast model ...
SAP Use
" To make it easier to maintain planning and forecast data, you can define planning and forecast profiles in SAP Retail and assign these to an article (in the logistics view/for a site). " In the RP (planning) profile, you define: •
which fields are filled with values when planning data is entered in the article master record
•
which values these fields have
•
which of these fields can be changed by the user
" When a profile is changed, the system not only updates the changed values in the profile, but also triggers a background job (RSPROFILE), which updates all article master records assigned to the profile that was changed. However, this only applies to changes relating to fixed values in the article master record. " You can have the system produce a list showing the article master records in which a particular RP profile is used. You can limit this selection to a specific site and stock planner.
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" The information stored in a profile is standard information that is needed in a similar form whenever article master records are maintained. The RP profile is therefore a data entry aid and facilitates management of planning data.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Investment Buying: Topic Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Explain the basic concepts of investment buying and ensure the prerequisites exist for an investment buying run.
Only
Make the settings for the investment buying run
"
Simulate the investment buying run
Use
Partner
"
Internal
! Perform the following activities:
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Investment Buying: Purpose
! Investment buying is a method of determining procurement proposals that take account of future price increases, and are to be covered by external procurement. ! The aim of investment buying is to purchase articles " in suitable quantities
Only
Internal
" in good time " as cheaply as possible
Use
Partner
" taking account of various influencing factors
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Investment Buying: Overview Purch. price conditions
Select condition changes
Open PO quantities
Select relevant articles (info record)
Available stock
in at . in at .
Te rm
Calculate ROI
Calculate purch. quantity
Te rm
Actual ROI is lower than desired ROI
Forecast
Purch. req.
Log Log
Investment buying analysis
Purch. order
Use
Partner
Purchase price higher than future price
Carry out purchase price simulation
Internal
Only
ROI parameters
Worklist
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Investment Buying: Steps (1/4)
Purch. price
1 2 weeks
Purch. price
15
Investment buying
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP Use
" The following steps are involved in investment buying: •
Automatic identification of future price changes
•
Calculation of the price difference
•
Determination of the optimum (latest possible) order date
•
Calculation of the optimum purchase order quantity based on a ROI calculation
Partner
" Investment buying should be carried out in the following sequence: •
Regular deletion of old runs (MEI5)
•
Maintenance of price changes -
manual
-
PRICAT
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
•
Creation of worklist (MEI4)
•
Investment buying requirements determination (WLB1)
•
Creation of order
•
Goods receipt
•
Investment buying analysis (WLB2) - makes sense to do this 4-12 weeks after goods receipt
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Investment Buying: Steps (2/4)
Purch. price
Only Partner
2 weeks
Purch. price
15
Investment buying
Internal
Price change Warehouse costs Operating costs Forecast values Expiration date/max. range of coverage Terms of payment Interest rate
1
Current ROI
Use
ROI = (S - D*I*(W-T) - C*W - H) * S D I W T C H
= = = = = = =
100 * 52 ----------D*W
Price saving per base unit of measure Original price per base unit of measure Weekly interest rate Recommended coverage period Payment required by (number of weeks) Storage costs per base unit of measure Warehousing costs
Only
SAP Use Internal
" The ROI is calculated using the following formula:
" Costs (interest, warehousing and storage costs) are subtracted from the price saving and the result is standarized on the basis of the original price and the basis of one year.
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" Investment buying locates future changes to purchase price conditions and proposes that goods are purchased even if stocks are sufficient. The system compares warehouse and operating costs with the price savings. The decisive factor for a procurement proposal is the ROI (return on investment).
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Investment Buying: Steps (3/4)
Purch. price
Only Partner
2 weeks
Purch. price
15
Investment buying
Dist. Dist. center center
Internal
Price change Warehouse costs Operating costs Forecast values Expiration date/ max. range of coverage Terms of payment Interest rate
1
Site master (Purchasing/distribution)
Current ROI
Required ROI
Use
SAP
" A required minimum ROI can be defined at site level (site master data, Purchasing/Distribution view). This is then compared with the actual (current) ROI.
Partner
" In the calculation of the current ROI, iteration is carried out on the basis of the recommended coverage period (W). Iteration ends when the current ROI is less then the required ROI.
Only
Internal
Use
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Investment Buying: Steps (4/4)
Purch. price
Only
work item
15
Investment buying
Dist. Dist. center center Site master (Purchasing/distribution)
> Purch. requisition ...
Required ROI
Use
Partner
Current ROI
2 weeks
Purch. price
Internal
Price change Warehouse costs Operating costs Forecast values Expiration date/ max. range of coverage Terms of payment Interest rate
1
Purch. order Vendor
" Purchase requisitions and purchase orders can be generated as follow-on documents in Investment Buying. " You can create work items prior to the follow-on documents if you want. The work items are then processed and thereby converted to purchase requisitions or purchase orders. If you make the necessary settings for the workflow, you can have the system send the work items to the inboxes of the people responsible for processing them.
SAP Use
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Internal
The optimum coverage period is therefore 2 weeks in this case. The value 2 is now multipled by the average weekly value of the forecast and the resulting value is proposed for procurement.
Partner
" When the current ROI is calculated, the recommended coverage period is changed until the value is lower than the required minimum ROI. The next-highest value is then used to calculate the additional requirements and propose purchase order quantities. Example: Required (minimum) ROI from the site master: 30% Calculated ROI with coverage period = 1 week: 75% 2 weeks: 45% 3 weeks: 25%
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Investment Buying: Settings
Site Customizing
Distribution Distribution center center
•Location costs •Storage cost percentage
•Storage loc. determ.
Article Article
•Article volume •Storage cost indicator •Lot-size-independ. costs •Forecast values •Total shelf life
Partner
Maintain storage cost percentage and assign to a storage cost indicator
Use
Vendor Vendor
•Storage costs for RP lot size
Internal
Only
•Required ROI
•Terms of payment
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Investment Buying: Control
Parameters for IB
• Maximum range of coverage • No. of days, log • No. of days, price
Change-relevant condition types
PB00 ...
Use
Partner
Control
Client
Internal
Only
Head Head office office
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Perishables Planning: Topic Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe the processes in Perishables Planning in SAP Retail as a variation on Replenishment ! List the options for the perishables planning list
Only
Trigger perishables planning and generate the relevant follow-on documents
Use
Partner
"
Internal
! Perform the following functions in the SAP Retail system:
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Perishables Planning: Use
Fruit and vegetables
Vendor Vendor 11 Vendor Vendor 22
Internal
Only
Dairy Wholesaler Wholesaler
Partner
Fish and meat
Importer Importer
Use
Flowers
" The special functions and processes for planning, procuring and distributing perishables enables lean, optimized logistics. They allow you to analyze the current market situation quickly, support your decision-making processes, and enable you to order items quickly and easily.
SAP Use
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Internal
" However, the functions described in this topic are not restricted to perishable produce; you can also use them for any articles that are offered by several vendors simultaneously.
Partner
" Perishables are a special group of articles that often have a short shelf life and are offered by several vendors each with a limited capacity for delivery (for example, produce). Consumers will usually only buy perishable products that look fresh. It is therefore important that the time between harvest and sale is as short as possible. Ideally, it should be no longer than 24 hours.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Perishables Planning: Procedure
Procurement
Quality? Price? Quantity?
Issue
Partner
Wholesaler Wholesaler
Importer Importer
Store Store 11
Allocation table (push (push))
Purch. Purch. order
Collective PO
Distribution Distribution center center
Store orders (pull)
Internal
Only
Vendor Vendor
Store Store 22
Store Store 33
Use
SAP Use
" There are three versions of Perishables Planning: Purchase order: You can use this variant both centrally and locally in the stores to procure and distribute perishables. Because you can intervene manually, you have a high level of control over the whole process. You can use this transaction to forecast quantities, enter purchase prices, calculate sales prices and order perishable produce. Once you have posted the data, the follow-on functions Store Order, Allocation Table, and Collective PO are available to you.
•
Allocation table: This variant is intended for use in the head office (centralized planning). It makes use of the allocation table to distribute the purchase quantity of an article among the individual stores ('push' method).
•
Collective PO: This variant is used in the head office for 'pull' operations. It determines the order quantities in the store orders (or more precisely store order follow-on documents) and uses this information to create collective purchase orders.
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•
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Perishables Planning List: Initial Screen
Assortment list Store or DC:
Processing method: Purch. order Alloc. table Collective PO
R300
Delivery date:
01.03.
Procurement period:
01.03.- 02.03.
POS sales period:
01.02.- 01.03.
Internal
Only
Assortment list type: R
Perishables Planning List Article
Vendor
Order qty
Net price
...
Allfresh
10 CR
1.29 $
Omnium
20 CR
1.43 $
Allfresh
15 CAR
2.13 $
Use
Partner
Apples
Oranges ...
Only
SAP Use Internal
" The allocation table and collective PO functions do not use the prices in the perishables planning list. Instead, they determine the prices separately. As a result, it is not possible to enter purchase prices in the perishables planning list if you use this processing method.
Partner
" The perishables planning list is based on the assortment list of the site for which requirements planning is being carried out. The articles must be listed in the site. From the perishables planning list, you can access further functions for procuring and distributing perishables. For example, you can change existing purchase orders.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Perishables PLanning List: Creation POS sales period:
01.02.- 01.03.
Current stock + Vendor orders - Store orders
Sales / day
Net price
Sales price Rem. qty
Sales
Vendor
Order qty
Allfresh
10 CR
1.29 $/lb
2.29 $/lb
98 lb
61.69 kg
Omnium
20 CR
1.43 $/lb
2.49 $/lb
46.72 kg
13.15 kg
Allfresh
15 CAR
2.13 $/lb
3.99 $/lb
26.76 kg
12.25 kg
...
Apples
Oranges
Use
Partner
Article
Internal
Only
Perishables Planning List
...
Only
SAP Use Internal
" The POS sales period is used as the comparison period for calculating the sales quantity.
Partner
" The system can calculate the remaining quantity per article to help you decide how much you need to order. The system uses a simple calculation rule to do this. You can use a user exit to replace this with a calculation model of your choice.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Perishables Planning List: Functions and Access to Other Functions Tele-buying (changing vendor prices)
Purchasing document
Pricing Perishables planning list
Issue list Simulation of the ordering transaction
Article master
Use
Partner
Change store orders and schedule lines
Internal
Only
RP list for procuring from wholesale market
Vendor master
Info system
SAP Use
" You can simulate the posting transaction to test the system settings. A comprehensive error log is available here. " There is a link to Pricing. " In an interactive issue list, you can enter quantities and delivery dates for individual recipients or change the values defined by the system.
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Internal
" You can create a special RP list for procurement from a wholesaler.
Partner
" You can use SAPPhone to create a phone link to the perishables seller or vendor directly from the perishables planning list so that you can negotiate purchase price conditions. (For more information, see the SAP Retail documentation on tele-buying for fresh produce.)
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Perishables Planning: Assortment List Distribution Distribution center center Maintain profile for assortment list > Assortment list profile parameters Article Article Assortment list type
Store Store Assortment list structure
Assortment list profile
Partner
Site: NY store Valid from: 01.10.2000
Internal
Only
WBBP_WDFR
Assortment list type: Perishables Valid to: 31.10.2000
Article Description R100031 Granny Smith
SUn kg
From Price 01.10. 3.59
Use
SAP Use
•
The articles to be processed must all be assigned to the same article type (e.g. 'Perishables').
•
The articles must be assigned to an assortment list (using the same assortment list type). For the combination of assortment profile/assortment list type, assortment list structure WBBD_WDFR must be entered in Customizing.
•
The articles must be listed in the site for which you are carrying out replenishment planning.
•
Master records must exist in the system for all the vendors involved.
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Internal
" The following requirements must also be met:
Partner
" Perishables functions use the perishables planning list. The perishables planning list is created by the system on the basis of an assortment list, which means that a current assortment list must exist for all stores concerned.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe the basic concept of Replenishment in SAP Retail
Only
Use
Partner
Internal
! Understand replenishment functions and controls as a separate method of planning requirements
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Replenishment: Relationships Head office
Replenishment
Store Store
Partner
Distribution Distribution center center S fig tock ur es
Use
Re ple nis hm en t
Customer Customer
SAP Use
" Replenishment planning for external customers can be used in both the SAP Retail system and the SAP Manufacturing system. " Replenishment functions allow you to automatically create follow-on documents (purchase requisitions, purchase orders, sales orders and deliveries).
Partner
" This set of functions was developed for replenishing stocks for stores and customers. Replenishment for customers is inserted within the framework of VMI so that requirement planning can be carried out as a service.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Internal
Only
Sales figures Stock figures
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Replenishment: Steps Involved Customer Customer
Inventory data (for example by EDI)
- MM Inventory management - Replen.-based inv. management - Planned receipts and issues - Requirement groups
- Replen.-based inv. management
Follow-on documents
Follow-on documents
- Purchase requisitions - Purchase orders - Sales orders - Outbound deliveries
- Sales orders
Replenishment monitor
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Use
Partner
Inventory data
Internal
Only
Store Store
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Replenishment: Inventory Management Types
Replen.Based Inv. Manag.
MM Inv. Manag.
Inventory management
Partner
(
Replen.-based IM • Unrestricted-use stock only • only goods issues (and anticpated goods receipts) • No documents simplified method)
2
(
MM inventory management • Different stock types • All relevant goods movements • Documents for all relevant goods movements
Internal
Only
1
standard method)
Article master, store logistics
$ $
Use
Replenishment parameters for article R100000, store R314
Replen.-based inv. management Correct RS
SAP Use Internal
" To configure Replenshment for an article in a store, you must bake the required settings in the site master and the article master (Logistics: Store view). The reorder point is only used with the standard method.
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" Replenishment can be run using the standard method or the simplified method. The simplified method is designed for a simplified system environment and is based exclusively on quantities sold at the cash register. Therefore, this method does not require goods movements data to be transferred back to SAP Retail. The simplified method can therefore only be used in conjunction with Replenishment-Based Inventory Management. The standard method should only be used in conjunction with MM Inventory Management.
Partner
" In Replenishment, you have the option of using the Inventory Management application component of Materials Management, with its comprehensive inventory details. Alternatively, you can use Replenishment-Based Inventory Management, which is designed for a more simplified environment, requires less maintenance, and allows for greater system performance. Replenishment-Based Inventory Management also allows articles to be managed on an exact article basis even though they are only managed in MM Inventory Management on a merchandise category basis.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Overview of Steps Involved Replenishment monitor Replenishment monitor Incorrect 00000142 SCHMIDT interactive
12.04.1997
10:40:07
00000149
MEINZ
10.05.1997
12:30:22
00000142
GERNER
18.06.1997
12:45:23 interactive
00001342
SCHMIDT
05.06.1997
23:04:54
interactive
00000134
SCHMIDT
23.08.1997
14:32:26
interactive
workitem(s)
Processed
interactive
00000242
MAIER
12.07.1997
17:35:23
interactive
00000134
SCHMIDT
24.08.1997
22:04:45
interactive
Replenishment Store Store Process 2
Stock update
Procurement
background
background
7
8
9
...
Inventory management
...
6
8
10
Use
Partner
Process 1
...
Internal
Only
Article Article
...
SAP Use
•
Stock update (Process 1) The sales transacted in the store are reported to the Inventory Management application component of Materials Management or to Replenishment-Based Inventory Management and updated.
•
Procurement (Process 2) Depending on how the system is configured, the system generates purchase orders, purchase requisitions, or deliveries to replenish the stocks of the store.
" Both processes are normally scheduled as background jobs. Process 1, for example, could be run daily, while process 2 could be run every second day. Process 2 (procurement) can also be triggered manually. " Inventory Management is the link between the two processes. " A replenishment monitor logs all replenishment transactions. The items in this log are given one of the following statuses: 'Successful' (no problems), 'Work item(s) created' (errors occurred in creation of follow-on documents), and 'Incorrect' (serious error).
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Internal
" Regardless of how the parameters are set, Replenishment is run as two processes:
Partner
" You use the Replenishment functions in SAP Retail to manage the flow of merchandise to stores. As with the other requirements planning methods, the control parameters used in Replenishment can be defined at store/article level.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Process 1 'Stock Update' (1/2)
POS inbound processing
Head Head office office
Replen.Based Inv. Manag.
Electronic POS data transfer (POS converter)
MM Inv. Manag.
Internal
Only
POS interface
Transfer of payment data to Accounting (e.g. credit card customer cards cash sales)
POS server
Use
Partner
Stock update
POS Sales Store Store
SAP Use
" The system processes the inbound POS data, and updates the stock data for the articles sold in the store concerned. Depending on the Replenishment method used, the update is carried out either in Replenishment-Based Inventory Management (simplified method) or in MM Inventory Management (standard method). The payment data (such as credit cards, customer, cards, cash sales, and so on) is passed on to Financial Accounting.
Partner Only
Internal
" In process 1, the sales entered at the cash registers of a store are transferred by a POS converter to the POS interface of the central SAP Retail system.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Replenishment: Process 1 'Stock Update' (2/2)
Control of aggregated sales Control of sales as per receipts POS inbound profile
X
Store Store
X
Replen.Based Inv. Manag.
MM Inv. Manag.
Use
Partner
POS Inbound processing
Internal
Only
Inventory management Replen.-based inv. manag.
Stock update
Only
SAP Use Internal
Partner
" The stock update for Replenishment is controlled in two views depending on POS inbound data. In the POS inbound profile, you use the Inventory management and Update replenishment-based IM flags to determine the type of stock update that is to be used.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Replenishment: Process 2 Standard Method Trigger replenishment planning for • Stores • Replenishment lead time MM Inv. Manag.
Only
Expected stock
Target stock or reorder point Target stock - expect. stock
Calculate replenishment requirement
Replenishment requirement
Call store order
Purchase requisition
Purchase order
ATP server
Sales order
Outbound delivery
Use
Partner
Determine expected receipts and issues
Internal
Calculation per article
Read stocks
Replenishment quantity
" If the expected stock is lower than the target stock (defined for the store and article concerned) or reorder point (if defined), the system determines the replenishment requiremens as follows: replenishment requirement = target stock - expected stock. " This quantity is then transferred to the Store order function. Once a source of supply has been determined and, if necessary, quantities have been optimized (to determine the actual replenishment quantity from the replenishment requirements), the system generates the preset follow-up document.
SAP Use
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Internal
" In the standard method, the system reads the current stock for all articles concerned from MM Inventory Management. If forecast data is available in the system, forecast sales data up to the end of the replenishment lead time can be used. Planned receipts and issues in the store can also be included using ATP up to the end of the replenishment lead time. The stock expected at the end of the replenishment lead time is then determined as follows: expected stock = current stock + expected receipts - expected issues.
Partner
" The procurement of the merchandise required can be triggered online or in the background. If you trigger it online, you enter the store (or store group) that you want to procure the merchandise for, and estimated procurement time for the goods (replenishment lead time).
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Process 2 Simplified Method Trigger replenishment planning for • Stores • Replenishment lead time
Only
Target stock or reorder point
Target stock - current stock
Calculate replenishment requirement
Replenishment requirement
Call store order
Purchase requisition
Purchase order
Sales order
Post expected goods receipts
Outbound delivery
Use
Partner
Current stock
Replen.Based Inv. Manag.
Internal
Calculation per article
Read stocks
Replenishment quantity
SAP Use
" There is also a similar, but simplified way of triggering the replenishment process. " In this simplified method, the system reads the current stock of all articles concened from Replenishment-Based Inventory Management. In the simplified method, the expected stock is equated to the current stock. " The system then calculates the replenishment requirement in the same way as in the standard method.
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" In the simplified method, the expected goods receipts are posted in Replenishment-Based Inventory Management if the corresponding flag is attached to the replenishment data in the article master.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Store Order Central SAP Retail System
POS inbound processing
Replenishment
Store order POS interface
Only
POS inbound profile
...
Purchase requisition
Store
Purchase order
Non-SAP system
Partner
Internal
Electronic POS data transfer (POS converter)
if necessary Supply source determination Quantities optimizing
Sales order Outbound delivery
Use
Entry of requirement/ order data
SAP Use
" The following steps are involved in creating and processing store orders: •
Requirement and/or order data is entered locally in the store's merchandise management system (or a system with basic retailing functions, such as a PDC unit), and then transferred electronically as IDocs to the central SAP Retail system by means of a POS converter.
•
Inbound (IDoc) processing then takes place, which leads to the cration of a store order. The following (optional) functions can also be carried out at this stage: Supply source determination
-
Quantity Optimizing
-
Enhancement or order data
-
Order copy
-
Sourcing
-
Order check
Only
-
This data is then used to generate a vendor order, depending on the Customizing settings.
© SAP AG
Partner
Internal
" The Store Order is a SAP Retail function (not a document) that can be used to post a requirment determined in the store's merchandise management system to the central SAP Retail system.
SAP
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Replenishment: Document Categories in the Store Order
POS inbound profile
Store Store Merch. Merch. category category
Document control • Doc. category default
1 3 4 7
Purchase requisition Purchase order Delivery Sales order
Internal
Only
POS inbound profile
Standard cases:
Communication
Partner
Special cases Control
Use
SAP Use
" The store order generates various types of documents, depending on the system settings. " Document category 3 is the default category, which means that if you do not enter a document category for the store order in the IDoc, a purchase order is created. " If errors occur in document categories 2 and 3, a workflow is generated. In the case of document category 2, however, the system first tries to create a purchase requisition. " Document category 8 does not create a purchase order for an external vendor, as this has already been done by the store.
Only
" In the case of document category A, the system tries to create a warehouse order for one distribution center if the availability check is positive. If it is not, the system creates a third-party order for an external vendor. " In the case of document category C, as with A, the system first tries all permitted distribution centers (supplying sites) before creating a purchase order for an external order. " In the case of document category B, a warehouse order is created providing the order quantity does not exceed the maximum issue quantity of the distribution center (supplying site). If this is not possible, the system creates a third-party order for an external vendor. " You can also predefine the document categories according to the Supply source field for the article (Logistics: Store data). This is true for both the store order and replenishment.
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Replenishment: Methods and Features
Planning method
Store Store
Article Article
RP type
RF RP
W Replenishment (IS Retail)
Use of forecast • Forecast indicator Forecast values must/ can exist
Only
Internal
• Consumption indicator Take account of complete or unplanned consumption
Partner
• RP indicator
Automatic calculation of safety stock and reorder point
Use
Screen sequence
SAP Use
" In order to exclude articles that use Replenishment from standard requirements planning, the articles must be assigned RP procedure W (Replenishment (IS Retail)). " The following RP types are used in SAP Retail for the automatic procurement of merchandise for stores or customers (replenishment): •
RP (replenishment)
•
RF (replenishment with dynamic target stock)
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" When type RF is used to calculate the replenishment quantity, dynamic target quantities (one per calculation period) are used. These target quantities are determined on the basis of predicted sales. As a result, a forecast run is a prerequisite for this method.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Target Stock Maintenance
Replen. requirement = Target stock
- Expected stock
dynamic
static
• Maintain forecast
• Maintain target stock
Only
•
data in replenishment master data Carry out forecast
Partner
400 300 200 100
Internal
manually in replenishment master data
today
238
Replenishment master data for article R100002, merch. category R1122 R310 R312
Target stock
750 288 +
Safety stock
SRW
min. targ. max. targ. stock stock
50
100
Use
Customer
...
500
SAP Use
Statically Here, a value estimated on the basis of past values is entered as the target stock in the master data for replenishment for the article and store (or customer) concerned.
•
Dynamically, using the forecast Here, the RP, forecast, and replenishment parameters must be maintained in the article master data (Logistics: Store view) for the article and store (or customer) concerned. The (consumption) forecast must then be carried out. The system then automatically calculates the target stock by adding the predicted consumption values for the period in question plus the safety stock for the article and store (or customer) concerned. This value may then be rounded up or down to a predefined minimum target stock or maximum target stock. The value calculated is used, but it is not saved in the article master.
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•
Partner
Internal
" The target stock used as a basis for calculating the replenishment requirement of an article in a store (or for a customer) can be maintained in two ways:
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Replenishment: Lot Size Calculation
Order qty Articles Articles
Partner
100 91 80
Target stock Current/expected stock Reorder point
100
Target stock
91
Current/expected stock
Reorder point
43 pc
0 pc
9 pc
Use
Articles Articles
Target stock Reorder point Current/expected stock
Internal
Only
Reorder point 80 pc
100 80 57
SAP Use
" The lot size/order quantity in Replenishment is always calculated as the difference between the target stock and current stock for the simplified method and between the target stock and the expected stock for the standard method. " If the current stock is greater than the reorder point, a lot size is not calculated, or, in other words, replenishment is not triggered. " If a reorder point is not maintained for the article, the replenishment quantity is always taken as the difference between the target stock and the current/expected stock.
Partner Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Requirement Groups 1. Data MAINTENANCE for the requirement groups Require. group • Key • Description
Master data for article R100008 (MC R1121) Require. Target Reorder Safety min. targ. max. targ. group stock stock point stock stock 01 1000 300 250 800 02 250 200 03 600 2. ASSIGNMENT of requirement groups (store/merch. cat. level)
Only Partner
Internal
Master data for store R314 Merch. Description cat. R1111 Dairy Fruit/veg R1121 R1134 Electricals
SG .........
03
.........
Target Reorder stock point 600
250
Use
Replenishment parameters for article R100008 , store R314
Safety min. targ. max. targ. stock stock stock 200
•
Maintain replenishment master data at article/requirement group level Rather than maintaining replenishment data at individaul article/store (or article/customer) level, you maintain this data at article/requirement group level.(under 'Extras' in the article master).
•
Assign requirement groups at store/merchandise category level In the merchandise category view of the store's site master, you define the requirement group to which the store in question belongs for the merchandise categories carried by them. As a result of this assignment, the system is able to automatically generate the maximum stock, reorder point, safety stock, and forecast parameters on the basis of the requirement groups for the articles and stores concerned.
SAP Use
" You can subsequently change replenishment master data at store and article level. If a change affects replenishment master data generated automatically via a requirement group, the assignment to the requirement is deleted for the article/store combination.
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Internal
" To use requirement groups, you have to:
Partner
" To enable you to maintain some sets of replenishment master data (target stock, reorder point, safety stock, minium target stock, maximum target stock, and forecast parameters) more easily for a large number of articles and stores, you can define requirement groups (in Customizing) and use them in Replenishment. Requirement groups contain combinations of stores and merchandise categories that have similar requirements.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation: Objectives At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Explain the purpose of the allocation functions ! Describe the allocation functions ! Name the follow-on documents resulting from allocation
Only
Internal
! Explain the settings needed for the allocation table and allocation rule
"
Create an allocation rule
"
Create an allocation table
"
Notify stores of allocation quantities
"
Generate follow-on documents
Use
Partner
! Perform the following functions in the SAP Retail system:
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Allocation: Definition
Head Head office office plans
coordinates
Store Store B B
Distribution Distribution center center
Use
Partner
Store Store A A
Vendor Vendor
Internal
Only
Merchandise is procured and allocated
monitors
SAP Use
" The Allocation application component in SAP Retail is a tool used by the head office to plan, coordinate and monitor the supply of merchandise to sites (stores or distribution centers).
Partner
" The component can be used for: •
Supplying stores with the initial stock of an article
•
Splitting up promotional merchandise
•
Splitting up standard stocks
•
Splitting up centrally purchased goods that are imported
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Allocations in SAP Retail
Info Info system system
Classification Classification
Promotion Promotion Delivery Delivery notification notification
Perishables Perishables planning planning
Only
Allocation Contract Contract
Delivery Avise
Warehouse order Vendor order
Merchandise Merchandise distribution distribution
Use
Partner
Internal
Purchase Purchase order order
Listing Listing
Store merchandise managem. system
SAP Use
" You can use site groups that were created in the Classification System. " When you create an allocation table, you can refer to a shipping notification, a purchase order, or a contract. " If you use the allocation table to plan the flow of merchandise from a distribution center to a recipient, the merchandise distribution data is updated in the system when the follow-on documents are generated. This data then controls merchandise distribution processes (cross-docking/flowthrough) in the distribution center.
" The generation of follow-on documents results in the creation of vendor orders (or release orders), warehouse orders and deliveries. " The system can check whether the article to be split up is listed in the relevant sites. If necessary, you can list an article in the assortment of a site directly from the allocation table. " In the subsequent processing function of a promotion or perishables planning, you have the option of generating an allocation table. " In generating allocation rules, the system uses data in an info system.
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" You can inform sites about the allocation quantities by post or EDI. Sites can report back their requested quantities (store merchandise management system).
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Table: Structure and Views
Allocation table Sites
Allocation table header
• Planned quantity per site • Supply source
Generally valid data
Item overview:
Distribution centers
Only
• Delivery dates for procurement via DC
Site groups
Alloc. table item 2 ...
• Quotas per site • Planned qty per site group
Use
Partner
Internal
Alloc. table item 1 • Article • Total planned quantity • Alloc. rule or site group • Procurement data
SAP Use
Allocation table header: The header contains information such as the allocation table number, the organizational levels (purchasing organization and purchasing goods), and a header text.
•
Allocation table item: An item is assigned to the allocation table header and contains information such as the item category, article number, planned quantity, allocation rule, site group, and status information.
•
Site group: A site group is assigned to an allocation table item. The site group contains information such as the site group number, the number of sites in the group, allocation quotas and planned quantity.
•
Site: A site is assigned to a site group. For each allocation table item, you have site information such as the site number, planned quantity, and source of supply.
•
Distribution center: A distribution center is assigned to one or more sites as the supplying site. For each allocation table item, you have DC information such as the DC number, planned quantity, and external vendor.
•
Delivery phase for a store or distribution center: A delivery phase is assigned to a store or distribution center. The delivery phase provides you with information such as the delivery date, order date, and delivery quantity.
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•
Partner
Internal
" The allocation table consists of a number of structural elements. The most important of these are:
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Table: Business Transactions
Direct store delivery (third-party)
"
Allocation out of stock on hand
"
Order via distribution center
"
Mixed cases, for example:
%
Some stores procure merchandise from a DC, other stores are supplied directly from vendors
%
The vendor order quantity is reduced so that allocations can be made from stock on hand
Use
Partner
"
Internal
Only
! In the allocation table, you can map different business transactions to SAP Retail:
SAP Use
Purchase order
•
Stock transfer
•
Delivery
•
Source of supply and recipient determination
•
Scheduling
•
Processing method (cross-docking / flow-through)
Only
•
Partner
Internal
" The item category is used to control the mapping of the business transactions. The item category proposes parameters for:
" You can also create return allocation tables for all the business transactions listed above.
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Direct Store Delivery (Third-Party)
Vendor order (1) Head Head office office
Vendor Vendor
Only Partner
Internal
Goods (2)
Use
Store Store
SAP
" Third party orders (purchase orders for delivery from vendor direct to goods recipient) •
The buyer sends the vendor order for the sites to the external vendor, with instructions for the suppplier to deliver the goods direct to the sites.
•
Supply source determination can only be used in this case for external vendors.
Only
Internal
" In the case of a contract, the purchase order sent to the external vendor is a release order.
Partner
Use
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Allocation out of Stock on Hand
Head Head office office
Only
Recipient of goods
Distribution Distribution center center
Goods (2)
Store Store
Use
Partner
Distribution Distribution center center
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" Allocation out of stock on hand In this case, a purchase order is not placed with a vendor. Instead, the sites involved are supplied with merchandise from the stock on hand of the distribution center.
•
Allocation out of stock on hand can be managed as a warehouse order or as a delivery.
•
Supply source determination for the sites involved is limited to distribution centers.
Only
Internal
•
Partner
Use
Internal
Warehouse order/ delivery (1)
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Order via Distribution Center
Vendor order (1) Vendor Vendor
Warehouse order/ delivery (3)
Goods (2)
Distribution Distribution center center
Goods (4)
Store Store
Use
Partner
Distribution Distribution center center
SAP Use
" Order via the distribution center
-
The first step involves the issuing of a purchase order on behalf of the distribution center to an external vendor for the goods to supply the stores (1). The vendor delivers to the distribution center (2).
-
The second step involves the transfer of merchandise from the distribution center to the stores (4). This can be managed as a warehouse order or delivery (3).
Depending on the type of business involved, you configure supply source determination so that the system searches for external vendors and/or distribution centers.
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Only
•
This can be divided into two steps:
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
•
Internal
Only
Head Head office office
Order via Distribution Center: Returns
Vendor order (1) Head Head office office
Return indicator
Warehouse order/ delivery (3)
Vendor Vendor
Goods (2)
Distribution Distribution center center
Goods (4)
Store Store
Use
Partner
Distribution Distribution center center
" For return items, it is only possible to generate warehouse orders, not deliveries.
Partner
Use
" You can flag an allocation table item as a return item. This enables you to manage centrallycoordinated return deliveries (such as the recall of a particular article).
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" The standard system contains a special allocation table type for a returns allocation table. If you create an item for an allocation table with this allocation table type, a return indicator is automatically set for that item. The delivery date for a return item is the planned goods issue date.
Internal
Only
Return indicator
" You can create a returns allocation table for all the business transactions mentioned earlier.
Only
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Allocation Table: Item Category
Item Category Business transaction control • Vendor order • Stock transfer • Processing method in the DC
Alloc. table Alloc. table header
Only
Internal
Follow-on document control • Document types • Generation sequence (times)
Alloc. table item 1 Alloc. table item 2
• Creation of distribution data
Partner
... System support
Use
• Supply source and recipient determination • Storage location determ. • Scheduling
SAP Use
•
Vendor orders are generated as a result of a direct store delivery.
•
Warehouse orders or deliveries are generated as a result of allocation out of stock on hand.
•
Vendor orders, and either warehouse orders or deliveries are generated as a result of orders via the distribution center.
" For merchandise ordered via the distribution center, the standard system contains special item categories for controlling the distribution of merchandise in the ditsribution center (cross-docking, flow-through). " If you create (merchandise) distribution data at goods receipt, you make it possible for these processing methods (cross-docking, flow-through) to be used in the distribution center. " You can make the generation of follow-on documents dependent on notifications: •
The Notification/Follow-on document generation indicator defines whether follow-on documents are created as soon as the allocation table is posted or only after a nofication procedure has been completed.
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" The supply source determination indicator defines whether and how supply sources are automatically determined by the system for the procurement of merchandise. For the distribution center, you can also set up recipient determination (with or without determination of the external source of supply) at this point.
Partner
Internal
" The item category of the allocation table defines the type of business transaction. It controls which follow-on documents can be generated from the allocation table.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Table Control: Overview Default data for:
Item category
Alloc. table type
Only
Site group
Alloc. strategy
Alloc. rule
Item categ.
Internal
Plnd qty
Notif. category Return item ...
Alloc. table Article
Alloc. strategy
...
or:
Alloc. rule type Site group
Use
Partner
... Site group
Allocation rule
" The allocation rule type is used to control the allocation rule. Site groups are used to assign sites to the allocation rule. The allocation rule can be restricted to particular site groups, merchandise categories, or articles.
SAP Use
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Internal
" You can assign a site group to the items of an allocation table and use the allocation strategy to distribute the quantities among the sites involved. Alternatively, you can assign an allocation rule that you defined.
Partner
" Before you create an allocation table, you must enter an allocation table type. Allocation table types are defined in Customizing. They provide the default data for the item category, notification category, and allocation strategy, which itself has a controlling function.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Table: Allocation Table Types
Alloc. table type Number ranges
Return item ?
Alloc. table header
Notif. category
Alloc. table item 1
Output control
Alloc. table item 2
Calculation rules
Listing check
(structured articles)
D Quota scales (distrib. procedure 1)
• Rounding • Remainder split • Inclusion of minimum maximum quantities
• Manual • Automatic • Using quota scales
Use
Distribution procedure for generic articles
...
Partner
Alloc. table
Item categories
_ Using site group/ alloc. rule A Replenishment B Equal distribution C Replenishment
Internal
Only
Allocation strategy
Alloc. strategy
SAP Use
" The allocation table type provides default values for the allocation strategy in the allocation table. " The allocation table type also proposes an item category and whether the return indicator is to be set for the allocation table.
" The allocation table type proposes the following parameters for quantity calculation for the allocation table: •
Rounding, that is, how the system rounds the quantity calculation for sites. You can also define that the system uses rounding profiles.
•
Remainder split, that is, how the system allocates the remaining quantities in the calculation.
•
Whether minimum and maximum quantities are included in the allocation table.
" As part of the listing check, you can define whether all sites or only the listed sites of a site group are adopted and/or whether subsequent listing is carried out.
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" In output control, you define an output determination procedure (sometimes referred to in the system as a 'message determination schema') and the application for comminication between the head office and the sites. The output technique forms the basis for communication between the head office and sites. You should not change the settings for output determination. The application and allowed output types are hard-coded.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Example: Order via Distribution Center
Purchase order
Possible Possible process process chain chain
Delivery notific. Contract
Alloc. table
Articles, sites, quantities, dates, sources of supply
Only
Allocation
Internal
Store communication (notifications) Generation of all followon documents
Partner
Goods receipt in distribution center Merch. distribution
Use
Merchandise distribution
" You can create an allocation referencing a contract. A release order is then generated as the purchase order to be sent to the vendor. This release order is used to update the contract statistics, therefore enabling you to monitor the extent to which the contract fulfils its targets. " If you use the allocation table to plan the flow of merchandise from a distribution center to a recipient, the merchandise distribution data is updated in the system when the follow-on documents are generated. The warehouse orders and deliveries created as follow-on documents for the allocation table are temporarily blocked for processing, which means that warehouse orders cannot be processed in a worklist and deliveries are blocked for picking. Once the goods receipt has been posted and the distribution data adjusted, the follow-on documents can be processed again using the merchandise distribution functions, which means that deliveries or distribution orders can be generated and deliveries are released for picking.
SAP Use
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Internal
" You can also create an allocation referencing a shipping notification. This has the advantage that the quantities you are allocating have been confirmed by the vendor.
Partner
" You can create an allocation referencing a purchase order. You may need to do this if you only find that merchandise needs to be distributed after the purchase order has been created, or if the recipients and quantity ratios are not known when the purchase order is created.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Rule: Create or Generate? Generation
Enter sites
Merch. category
Articles
Planning or statistical data e.g. business volume, quantity
Only
l
Partner
Internal
nua ma
Info system
Allocation rule 2 1 3 2
Use
Store A Store B Store C Store D
SAP Use
" You can create allocation rules manually or generate them using key figures in the info system. " When you create an allocation rule with site groups, you can add and delete particular sites. In this case, the allocation rule is fixed, which means the reference to the classification ceases to exist. An allocation rule is also fixed as soon as you change the quotas set for the sites. When you use an allocation rule that has been fixed, the system only uses the sites that are in the allocation rule. Allocation rules generated by the system are always fixed.
Partner Only
Internal
" You can use an allocation rule to standardize the allocation process if you want to allocate article quantities to certain stores a number of times using the same distribution key.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Allocation Rule: Allocation Rule Type
Number ranges
Alloc. rule type
Internal
Only
Allocation rule
Calculation rules: • Quota category • Rounding • Remainder split
Use
Partner
Site group
SAP Use
" The allocation rule type proposes the following parameters: •
Rounding, that is, how the system rounds the quantities calculated for sites in the allocation table.
•
Remainder split, that is, how the system allocates the remaining quantities in the calculation.
•
The quota category
" The quota category defines how the quotas are to be interpreted if an allocation rule is used: If the quota category is Proportional, the system interprets the quotas from the allocation rule as proportions and distributions the total quantity according to the quotas.
•
If the quota category is Fixed quantity, the system adopts the quotas as absolute quantities per site and determines the total quantity by adding together the quantities of the individual sites.
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•
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Quota Scales in the Allocation Table (Example) Generic article
Alloc. rule
Two-step
manual S M L
Store A Store B
One-step
Allocation rule
150 225 225
2 1
Store Store A A
Store Store B B
400
200
Allocation strategy e.g. quota scale S M L
Allocation rule Quota scale
S M L
100 150 150
S M L
Store Store B B
S M L
50 75 75
S M L
100 200 100
1 2 1 S M L
Store Store B B
Store Store A A
50 100 50
S M L
75 150 75
S M L
75 150 75
Use
Partner
Store Store A A
1 2 1
Internal
Only
Qty 600 pc
SAP Use
" You have the following options: Manual entry of the variant quantities and distribution to sites using the allocation rule.
•
Automatic, two-step calculation of the variant quantity for each site. In the allocation table item, you enter the total quantity of the generic article for all sites. In the first step, the system calculates the quantities of the generic article for the individual sites. To determine the variant quantities for each site, a quota scale is always used as the second step. If more than one quota scale exists, you can define which quota scale is to be used for which site.
•
Automatic, one-step calculation of the variant quantity for each site: In the allocation table item, you enter the total quantity of the generic article for all sites. The system calculates the variant quantities per site using an allocation strategy, which may contain quota scales. In this case, too, it is possible to use different quota scales for different sites.
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•
Partner
Internal
" In the allocation table type, you define whether and how the system uses quota scales if a generic article is entered.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Store Communication/Notification Head Head office office
Alloc. notification
Distrib. Distrib. center center
Store Store
Info on goods receipts to be expected
Request notification Info on goods receipts to be expected
Internal
Only
Head Head office office
Confirmation of requested quantities Deadline
mandatory/optional
Head Head office office
Store Store
Confirmation notification Info on goods receipts to be expected after quantity request sent to head office
Use
Partner
Reply reminder
Store Store
SAP Use
" There are different kinds of notifications depending on the business transaction. •
Notification by head office to stores: Allocation notification, request notification, request notification with confirmation notification.
•
Notification by head office to distribution center: Allocation notification for distribution center.
" You can define the kind of notification you want to send (and also other factors associated with it) using the notification category at sub-item level in an allocation table (for each article and site) or at item level in an allocation table (for each article). " Reminders: The 'Reply reminder' is to remind the stores that they have not yet replied to a confirmation request issued by the head office (that is to say, they have not reported the quantities they require). " Notifications can be printed and sent as IDocs.
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" In addition to these notifications, sites are also sent change notifications informing them about changes made subsequently by the head office to quantities or delivery dates in an allocation table. These notifications only contain the allocation table items that were changed. Change notifications can be created for allocation notifications, confirmation notifications, and allocation table notifications for distribution centers.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Allocation Table: Notification Categories
Notif. category Types of notification:
Allocation tables
Reply control:
Allocation table header
• Reply required? • Reminder deadline • Confirmed quantities automatically filled
Alloc. table item 1
Internal
Only
• Allocation notification • Request notification • Confirmation notification
Alloc. table item 2 ...
Transmission times:
Partner
• Manual or automatic? • No output determination?
Use
Data transfer: • Texts • Quantities • Prices
Partner
" Note: You can send a notification as a hard copy or by EDI.
Only
SAP Internal
Use
" The notification category in the allocation table controls the exchange of information between the head office and stores and between the head office and distribution centers.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Follow-On Document Generation
Background
Generation
PO worklist
Partner
Alloc. table
Depending on item category
Warehouse order list
Delivery due list
Vendor order
Warehouse order
Delivery
Use
SAP Use
" You use the item category to control which worklists are created/updated for follow-on document generation.
" You also use the item category to control which worklists are created/upddated for follow-on document generation. " When documents are created for entries in a worklist, the entries are deleted and the worklist updated. " A maximum of one follow-on document can be created for each delivery date, site, and article. " A worklist can either be processed online or in the background. " In the case of the business transaction 'Ordering via the DC', warehouse orders and deliveries are generated as follow-on documents and are temporarily blocked for processing.
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" You use the item category to control the chronological order in which notifications are processed and follow-on documents are generated. The worklists are created and updated depending on the sequence set.
Partner
" When you save the allocation table, a worklist is automatically created and updated. A worklist that is created, extended and updated by an allocation table can be considered as a collection of line items from a number of different allocation tables that were released for follow-on document generation.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Internal
Internal
Only
Worklist created/ updated
Online
Creating an Allocation Table in SAP Retail Alloc. rule type
Optional: Define site group and/or allocation rule
Item category
Enter organizational levels and alloc. table type
Vendor orders
Generate follow-on docs
Deliveries
Enter articles and planned quantities
Maintain dist. center and site views
Enter sites using site group or allocation rule
Alloc. strategy
Use
Partner
Create allocation table notification Notif. category
Internal
Only
Warehouse orders
Alloc. table type
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Requirements Planning: Unit Summary
You are now able to: ! Describe the various requirements planning procedures and make the necessary system settings
Only
Internal
! Use investment buying and perishables planning (special requirements planning cases) ! Explain the basic concept of replenishment
Use
Partner
! Distribute merchandise using an allocation table
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercise Data Explanation of Symbols in the Exercises and Solutions Exercises Solutions Course Objectives
Partner SAP
Warning or Caution Data in the exercises Type of data
Data in the training system
Company code
R300
Purchasing organization
R300
Purchasing group
R30
SAP
R50+## Sales organization
R300
Distribution channels
R1/R5
Shipping point
R300
Articles
TA01## (R100006)
Partner
Use
Hints and Tips
Use
TA03## (R100013) TA04## (R100014)
Only
Internal
Internal
Only
Business Scenario
TA05## (R100016) TA06## (R100017) Distribution center
T7## (R300)
Stores
T1## (R311) T2## (R314)
Vendor
TS1## (R3001) TS2## (R3000) TS3## (R3002)
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Exercises Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Requirements Planning
Create and use the calendar in requirements planning
•
Carry out requirements planning and forecasting
•
Use forecast and RP profiles
You agree regular order and delivery days with your vendor. Your requirements planning is based on these days and takes account of the possibility of stocks falling below the reorder point.
Partner SAP
•
Today is order day for your vendor and you therefore want to carry out requirements planning for articles TA03## and TA04## for your distribution center. 1-1
You first want to find out how requirements planning is usually carried out for this article in the distribution center, and therefore look at the settings for requirements planning in the site and article master.
SAP
1-1-1
Check whether requirements planning is active for distribution center T7##. If it is not, activate it.
1-1-2
Make a note of which parameters are defined for distribution center T7## and article TA03##:
1-1-3
Which RP procedure does the system suggest? ______________________________________________________ For the following exercise, use the RP procedure for time-phased planning with automatic reorder point. Which type do you select?
Only
1-1-4
______________________________________________________ 1-1-5
Which lot sizing procedure is used? ______________________________________________________
1-1-6
Which planning and delivery cycle is used? ______________________________________________________
1-1-7
Which forecast model procedure is used? ______________________________________________________
1-1-8
At what intervals are consumption and planning values managed? ______________________________________________________
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Use
Maintain the most important master data for carrying out requirements planning and forecasting
Use
Internal
•
Internal
Only
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
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1-1-9
How many historical periods does the system use in the forecast? ______________________________________________________
1-1-10
How many future periods does the forecast cover? ______________________________________________________
1-1-11
Look at the following Customizing settings: Is the safety stock calculated for RP type R2 (time-phased planning)? ______________________________________________________
1-1-13
Recently sales figures for article TA04## have developed differently to in previous periods.
Only
Have the system display the historical consumption values for TA03## and TA04## in distribution center T7##.
Take account of these developments by changing the RP parameters for the article. Which forecast model do you select?
SAP
Carry out the forecast for TA03## and TA04## for distribution center T7## and display the forecast quantities.
1-1-15
Save your data.
RP and planning calendar In the following exercise, you make the Customizing settings for time-phased planning and check the effects of this by carrying out a test run for requirements planing. To do this, first create your own planning calendar and assign this to article TA03##. After you have carried out a test run for requirements planning, save the result. Create a planning calendar with the number 8## for distribution center T7##. Enter “Order day group ## (Thursday)” as the description. If the start of the period falls on a day that is not a working day, the system should use the day before instead. Select calculation rule ‘Weeks’ (weekdays). The start of the period is Thursday. Have the system calculate the periods from today to the end of the year.
1-2-2
Assign this planning calendar (time-phased) to article TA03## in distribution center T7##.
1-2-3
Carry out a test run for requirements planning for article TA03## in distribution center T7##. To do this, use individual planning, and be sure to display the result. Make a note of the result of requirements planning: ______________________________________________________ Exit requirement planning WITHOUT SAVING the result.
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1-2-1
Partner
Use
1-2
1-1-14
SAP
Internal
Reduce the historical consumption values for the forecast to 10 periods.
Use
Partner
_________________________________________________
Internal
1-1-12
1-3
You now want to carry out requirements planning for the articles supplied by vendor TS1## for distribution center T7##. 1-3-1
First look at the RP list and the current stock and requirements list and make a note of the values for the articles. RP list: Article TA03##: _________________________________ Article TA04##: _________________________________ Current stock/requirements list: Article TA03##: _________________________________ Trigger requirements planning for vendor TS1## and purchasing organization R300 in distribution center T7##, first displaying the vendor’s articles.
1-3-3
Today, you only want to order articles TA03## and TA04## from this vendor. Therefore select these two articles in the list and carry out interactive requirements planning for them. Determine the following data:
Partner
1-3-2
SAP
SAP
Article TA04##: Current stock in T7##: Requirement quantity determined: No. of the purchase requisition created: Delivery date of the purchase requisition: Save the results of planning.
1-3-5
Look at the values in the RP list and stock/requirements list again. What do you find?
Only
Internal
1-3-4
Partner
Use
Use
Article TA03##: Current stock in T7##: Requirement quantity determined: No. of the purchase requisition created: Delivery date of the purchase requisition:
Internal
Only
Article TA04##: _________________________________
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1-4*
(Optional) Forecast and RP profile To make maintenance easier, you can use forecast and RP profiles. 1-4-1
First create a new forecast profile.
Partner SAP
1-4-4
Change your RP profile (by adding another ‘read-only’ field, for example) and save the changes. Explain why the system now schedules a background job and state which data will be changed by this job.
Use
Create a new article with the number TA29## (copy TA03##) and assign your profiles to it. Check whether the data was adopted. Article: TA29## Article type: Trading goods Merchandise category: R1133 Article category: Single article Distribution center: T7## Reference article: TA03##
______________________________________________________
Internal
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Partner
1-4-3
SAP
Also create a RP profile. (Purchasing → Requirements planning → Profile → RP profile → Create) Give this the number D0## and the description ’RP profile group##'. The stock planner and planned delivery times should be adopted as read-only values. Select stock planner R30 and a planned delivery time of 2 days.
Use
1-4-2
Internal
Only
(Purchasing → Requirements planning→ Profile → Forecast profile → Create) Give this the number P0## and the description’Forecast group##'. The number of historical values, the forecast model, and the number of forecast periods should be read-only, and the number of periods for initialization should be adopted as the default value in the article master. You should use the trend model for the forecast model, the number of historical periods should be 40, the number of forecast periods should be 8, and the default for initialization should be 3.
Only
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Exercises Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Investment Buying At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
To check the possible outcome, you simulate an investment buying run. This order proposal informs you of whether it is worth purchasing more of this article than is actually required.
SAP Use
2-1-1
To be able to use the investment buying functions, you must assign the required return on investment (ROI) to distribution center T7##: Select value 20.
2-1-2
As the investment buying functions determine future changes to purchasing conditions (purchase price, discount, and so on), a price change must be defined for the near future. You do this in the article master. Enter article TA03##, purchasing organization R300 and Vendor TS1## and choose the Purchasing view.
Partner
Go to the Conditions and choose New period. Choose a period that starts 7 days from now and increase the purchase price for the article to 65 USD/carton. 2-1-3
The number of days in the future for which the system searches for price changes (that is the search horizon for price changes) is maintained in Customizing. Look at the number of days currently assigned. Number of days: ___________________________________________
2-1-4
Find out the level of Space costs maintained in site Customizing in inventory management/storage location determination and enter USD 0.01/cubic foot for situation 01, if nothing is entered.
2-1-5
The Storage costs are maintained per volume unit and week. For this reason, the volume must be maintained for the article so that the system knows how high the required volume must be for a particular quantity of the article.
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Internal
In this exercise, you make the settings needed for an investment buying run:
SAP
2-1
Use
Partner
Your vendor is planning to increase the purchase price of article TA03## in the near future. For this reason, you want to make all the settings needed to start an investment buying run that will provide you with an order proposal.
Internal
Only
• Make the settings required for investment buying
Storage costs in %
T7##
1
15
T7##
2
25
T7##
3
35
2-1-7
Assign Storage cost indicator 2 to your article:
2-1-8
Operating costs The system compares warehouse and operating costs with the price savings. The storage and operating costs must therefore also be maintained. Lot-size-independent costs are incurred for each purchase, regardless of the lot size. Enter 10 USD as the lot-size-independent costs.
2-1-9
Forecast values Forecast values already exist for your article. You can display the forecast values for the article in the DC Logistics view (validity area: T7##) by choosing Forecast values.
SAP
Partner
Storage cost indicator
Further factors that influence the ROI are the shelf life and the terms of payment. You can maintain and change these factors as follows: Shelf life: You can maintain the shelf life for an article in the Shelf life field in the basic data. As the expiration date is not particularly relevant for the article in question, you can ignore this setting. 2-1-11
Terms of payment:
One of the general parameters that you can define for the Investment Buying functions is the maximum receipt days’ supply. You can define a maximum receipt days’ supply. When you carry out investment buying, the system will not propose purchasing for more weeks that defined in this parameter. Display the receipt days’ supply already maintained in Customizing. If you use weeks as the time unit in Investment Buying, the system automatically divides the maximum supply by seven.
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Display the terms of payment for vendor TS1## by looking at the Payment terms field in the purchasing data. 2-1-12
Partner
2-1-10
SAP
Use
Site
Use
Internal
The storage cost percentage (under requirements planning/storage costs for planning lot size) must also be maintained. This takes account of the costs incurred as a proportion of the storage quantity and individual price and relates to the average storage value. It is assumed to be constant for the duration of the coverage period. Usual values are between 15 and 35%.
Internal
Only
2-1-6
2-2
Simulating an Investment Buying run 2-2-1
First, display the purchase prices for the article for a particular period in the future.
2-2-2
Before you perform actual Investment Buying, the SAP Retail system gives you the option of simulating a ROI-based order proposal for the concrete purchase price change. Enter your vendor, the purchasing organization, your article, and your DC. On the initial screen, you can enter the actual price and simulate a price increase by entering a higher future price. You can also define the validity period for this price increase.
Only
2-2-3
The system then creates an order proposal based on the parameters, and you can convert this to a purchase order directly.
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
On the initial screen for the simulation of the ROI-based order proposal, enter values for some of the parameters (such as space costs, operating costs, shelf life) that are different to the values maintained for the article, to find out how this affects the result of the simulation.
Internal
Have the system propose a ROI-based order for the purchase price change. The system proposes the recommended coverage period, the determined ROI, and the ROI requirement quantity.
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Replenishment At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Maintain master data for replenishing individual articles
Only Partner
In future, purchase orders are to be generated automatically on the basis of sales data.
What RP type do the articles R100000 and R100008 have?
3-1-2
What replenishment master data is maintained for the following articles: R100008
stock Target stock Reorder point of safety stock 3-1-3
How do you tell whether replenishment-based inventory management is active for an article?
3-1-4
Which article is replenishment-based inventory management active for?
3-1-5
What is the function of the reorder point (F1)?
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Internal
R100000
Partner
3-1-1
SAP
For store T2##, you plan the procurement of merchandise centrally using the Replenishment functions. First, display an overview (parameter overview) of which articles in which merchandise categories are procured for recipient T2## using Replenishment:
Use
3-1
Use
SAP
You want to procure goods for a store that does not have its own merchandise management system. Merchandise procurement is planned centrally in the SAP system using the Replenishment functions.
Internal
• Perform a replenishment run for recipients
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3-1-6*
(Optional) Go from the parameter overview to the site master for store T2## and in the overview of the merchandise categories see whether inventory management on a value-only basis is defined for merchandise category R1121 (fruit/vegetables), and for which value-only article stock postings are made.
Partner
3-1-8
What kind of follow-on documents do you expect if you trigger replenishment planning now?
Trigger procurement of articles R100000 and R100008 for recipient T2## by executing replenishment planning.
SAP
What procurement quantities does the system propose for the articles? R100000 R100008
3-2-2
Have the system generate follow-on documents and look at the result in the replenishment monitor. Go to the preview for the document that was created.
Internal
What type of follow-on document was created? Doc. type: ____________
No.: ____________
Partner
3-2-1
Use
SAP
What POS inbound profile is assigned to store T2##?
Use
3-2
3-1-7
Internal
Only
What is the effect of this setting?
Which supplying site did the system find?
Only
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You now want to find out how the replenishment master data found in 1-1-2 for article R100000 is determined. To do this, go back to the parameter overview for replenishment for recipient T2##. 3-3-1
Which requirement group is assigned to merchandise category R1111 in store T2##?
3-3-2
For which requirement groups is replenishment data maintained for article R100000?
3-3-3
What must the replenishment data therefore be for article R100000 in store T2## Target stock:
Partner
Reorder point: Safety stock:
Use
Compare the data you found with that determined in 3-1-2.
Internal
Only
3-3
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Allocation At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
• Create quota scales • Create a site group • Create an allocation rule
Partner
• Create an allocation table • Carry out notification • Generate follow-on documents for the allocation table
SAP
You want to use an allocation to procure the generic article “Cotton Tshirt” and distribute this among a group of stores. To do this, you define quota scales and create an allocation table for the situation “Procurement via a distribution center”. You also define and use an allocation rule.
In Customizing, create an new allocation rule type AR## as a copy of allocation rule type 0001. Give it the description "Allocation rule type ##". Define the following parameters: The shares should always be determined using ratios. Make a note of the indicator for this: ______
4-1-2
When site quantities are calculated as a proportion of the total quantities and rounding is required, the value should be rounded down. Indicator: ______
4-1-3
If there are remaining quantities, these should be assigned to the site with the smallest quantity. Indicator: ______ (Adopt the values of the other parameters from the reference allocation table type)
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4-1-1
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4-1
SAP
Use
Use
Internal
Internal
Only
• Make the Customizing settings for an allocation table type and allocation rule type.
Partner
The item category is to apply to the business situation “Procurement via a distribution center”. Indicator: ______
4-2-2
Make a note of the indicators for rounding adopted from the reference allocation table type: _______ and for distribution of remaining quantities: _______
4-2-3
Select the allocation table notification as the notification category. Indicator: ______
4-2-4
Generic articles should be distributed automatically among sites using the two-step method and quota scales. Indicator: ______ (Adopt the values of the other parameters from the reference allocation table type)
4-3
(Optional) In Customizing, display the definition of the Allocation table item categories that control “Procurement via a distribution center”. 4-3-1
Can a vendor order be generated as a follow-on document, and which site category is defined as the inbound delivery? ______________________________________________________
4-3-2
How is stock transfer of the merchandise from the DC to the sites authorized? ______________________________________________________ What kinds of supply sources are determined?
Partner
4-3-3
SAP
SAP
4-2-1
Use
______________________________________________________
Only
Internal
Use
In Customizing, create a new allocation table type AT## with the description "Allocation table type ##" for the allocation table you are going to create. Copy standard allocation table type 0001 and define thefollowing parameters:
Internal
Only
4-2
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For characteristic R_UUS01 create quota scale QL1## using value scale R_UUS01. Call the quota scale "Quota scale for sizes ##".
4-4-2
Assign the following quotas for quota scale QL1##: Quota
small
1
medium
2
large
1
4-4-3
Save the quota scale.
4-4-4
For characteristic R_COL01create quota scale QL2## using value scale R_COL01. Call the quota scale "Quota scale for colors ##".
4-4-5
Assign the following quotas for quota scale QL2##:
4-4-6
Characteristic value
Quota
red
1
blue
1
white
2
Save the quota scale.
Now create a store group. On the Retailing screen, choose: Master data → Site data → Grouping → Allocation table → Create. Choose class type 030 (site grouping). In this step, you only create the header data for the site group. Create site group BG## with the description “Store group allocation table ##”.
4-5-2
Save your site group.
4-5-3
Choose Maintain assignment → Sites in a class to assign sites R311, R312, R313, R314 and T1## to site group BG## and save this assignment.
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4-5-1
Partner
4-5
Characteristic value
SAP
Use
4-4-1
Use
Internal
In future, you want to use a fixed distribution key for the characteristics “Color” and “Size” for the generic article. Therefore, create a quota scale for each of these characteristics.
Internal
Only
4-4
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The allocation rule type is Allocation rule type AR## as previously configured by you. Enter purchasing organization R300 and purchasing group R31.
4-6-2
The number of the allocation rule is AAR## and the description "Allocation rule group ##".
4-6-3
Enter site group BG## as the site group.
4-6-4
Go to the detailed view for the sites. Sites R311 to R314 each have one share, site T1## has two shares.
4-6-5
Confirm your entries and confirm the prompt relating to fixing the allocation rule by choosing “Yes”.
4-6-6
Save your allocation rule.
Create an allocation table with the allocation table type AT## (purchasing organization R300, purchasing group R31). Enter the description "Allocation table group ##". (The number of the allocation table is assigned internally) 4-7-1
Enter the 3rd of two months from now as the Delivery date. If this is not a work day, enter the next valid work day.
4-7-2
The goods are to be delivered to the distribution center two days before the delivery date for the stores. If this is not a working day, enter the working day that falls immediately before it.
4-7-3
Which item category does the system suggest for each item in the item overview, and which control parameter determines this?
SAP
SAP
4-6-1
Use
_____________________________________________________ 4-7-4
You want to order 960 pieces of the “Cotton T-Shirts” (R100033) and distribute these among the stores using allocation rule AAR##. Confirm your entries.
Only
Internal
Important: If more than one quota scale is valid for each characteristic, the system displays a dialog box in which you must select the quota scale you created earlier. Confirm the prompt relating to the quota scale validity with “All sites”.
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Partner
Use
4-7
Create a new allocation rule.
Internal
Only
4-6
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4-7-5
Which quantities to be ordered and distributed does the system propose for the variants? Char. values
small
medium
large
red blue white Go back to the item overview.
______________________________________________________ Compare these settings with those for the allocation rule type and allocation table type. Which settings have priority? ______________________________________________________ 4-7-7
Display an overview of the sites for the header article. How many t-shirts does store T1## receive? ______________________________________________________
4-7-9
Display an overview of the DCs for a variant. Which external vendor does the system suggest as the supply source?
Partner
On the details screen, find out whether a distribution center for supplying the individual sites is entered in the delivery data. (Stores R311-R314 should be supplied by distribution center R301, store T1## by DC T7##. If this is not the case, change the delivery data using the fast entry function on the item overview screen.)
Internal
_________________________________________
Only
If the system does not suggest a vendor, because there is more than one valid vendor for example, you can use fast change function to find/enter a vendor: Select the item, and choose, Edit → More functions → Fast change → Distribution center, select the vendor and enter R3003, Enter. 4-7-10
Display an incompleteness log for your allocation table. How do you display the log? ______________________________________________________ (If listing data is missing, you can obtain this by choosing Edit → Listing → Distribution center (or site).)
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SAP
4-7-8
SAP
Partner
______________________________________________________
Use
Use
(Optional) Go to the detailed data for an item. What calculation rules does the system propose for rounding and allocation of remaining quantities?
Internal
Only
4-7-6*
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4-7-11
Save the allocation table and make a note of its number: ______________________________________________________ If, when you save, the system displays a message informing you that warnings or errors exist even though the allocation table is complete, ignore them and save the allocation table.
You have now created your allocation table and want to notify store T1## of the quantities. To do this, create an allocation table notification by choosing Allocation table → Site communication → Create notification.
4-8-2
Display the allocation table notification for the store. To do this, choose System → Services → Output control. Choose Selection → Execute. Select the spool request and choose Goto →Display request → Content.
You now want to order the t-shirts from the vendor for the DC in question.
Go to the allocation table display. Select the items and choose Allocation table → Generate follow-on documents → Vend. order. 4-9-1
Generate the vendor orders for all items. How many purchase orders are created?
Only
Internal
Partner
Important: When doing this, make sure that you only generate follow-on documents for your allocation table.
Use
SAP
Enter output type RTA1 (allocation table notification), transmission medium 1 (printout), site T1## and your allocation table (cf.. 4-7-11).
SAP
4-9
4-8-1
_____________________________________________________ Go from the worklist to the purchase order by double clicking. 4-9-2
Make a note of the number of the purchase order. ______________________________________________________
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Use
Partner
Important: When doing this, make sure that you only create the notification for your store T1##.
Internal
Only
4-8
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4-10
(Optional) You also want to generate the purchase orders from the stores to the distribution centers as follow-on documents. Carry out this step in display mode for the allocation table. Select all items and choose Allocation table → Generate follow-on documents → Warehouse order. 4-10-1
What split criteria can you have the system use to generate purchase orders? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
4-10-2
Generate the warehouse orders for all items.
4-10-3
How many warehouse orders were generated?
4-11
(Optional) You want to display the status of the allocation table and the purchase orders generated as allocation table follow-on documents. Go to the allocation table display. What is the status of the allocation table at header level? ______________________________________________________ 4-11-2
How can you display the follow-on documents that were generated?
Use
______________________________________________________
SAP
SAP
Partner
4-11-1
Internal
Only
___________________________________________________________
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Requirements Planning
Partner SAP Use
If the term Retailing is written before a path, you are in the SAP Retailing menu, the SAP Retail application menu (transaction W10M). You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Logistics → Retailing
•
If the term IMG is written before a path, you are in the Implementation Guide of the R/3 System, where you can make Customizing settings. You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit project → Display SAP Reference IMG (F5) or the transaction NSPRO → F5
Partner
1-1 1-1-1
Retailing: Master data → Site data → Site → Change The “RP” indicator on the Listing/req. plng subscreen must be active.
1-1-2
Master data → Article data → Article → Change Choose the Logistics: Distribution center view, [Enter]
1-1-3
RP type R1 (time-phased planning)
1-1-4
RP type R2 (time-phased planning with automatic reorder point)
1-1-5
Lot size EX (lot-for-lot (exact))
1-1-6
Planning cycle 001 (Ordered Monday) Delivery cycle 002 (Goods receipt Friday)
1-1-7
Forecast model D (constant model)
1-1-8
Period indicator W (weekly)
1-1-9
Button [RP/forecast data]: Number of historical periods for forecast: 60
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Internal
•
SAP
You are on the SAP Retail initial screen (transaction W10T). You should enter this transaction as the start menu in your user parameters.: System → User profile → Own data, on the 'Defaults' view, enter ‘W10T’ as the StartMenu.
Use
•
Internal
Only
The Solutions are based on the following assumptions:
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1-1-10
Button [RP/forecast data]: Forecast periods: 12
1-1-11
Open new session: IMG: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → Master Data → Check RP types Select R2 and choose [Details] The safety stock is not calculated for R2 (the box is not selected).
1-1-12
Go back to the original session: [Back] to view Logistics: DC Button [Consumption values] Forecast model T (trend model) Button [RP/forecast data]: Number of historical consumption values for forecast: 10
1-1-14
Confirm dialog boxes by choosing button [Execute forecast] twice and [Enter]
1-1-15
Article →Save Repeat for TA04##
1-2-1
IMG: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → Master Data → Maintain Planning Calendar Create PPC Planning Calendar Site T7## Planning calendar 8## [Enter] Enter description If period start is not a workday: Choose Previous working day Edit → Calculate periods: Choose Weeks (week days) Field group Calculation rule for period specification: choose 4 (Thursday) Edit → Calculate periods: today through end of year [Enter] Planning calendar → Save
1-2-2
Retailing: Master data → Article data → Article → Change View Logistics data Distribution center, [Enter] Button [RP/forecast data] Planning calendar 8##, [Back] Article → Save
1-2-3
Purchasing → Requirements planning → Requirements planning → Sngitem, sng-level Enter article and site Select control parameter 'Display results...’. 2x [Enter] [Back] WITHOUT SAVING.
Use
1-2
2-102
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IRT330
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SAP
SAP
Partner
1-1-13
Internal
Only
Exit and repeat for TA04##
1-3 Purchasing → Requirements planning → Requirements planning → RP list → Individual display and Purchasing → Requirements planning → Requirements planning → Stock requirements list Enter the article and site each time, [Enter] [Back]
1-3-2
Requirements planning → Plan by vendor
Partner
Values
Vendor
TS1##
Purch. organization
R300
Site
T7##
Field group Process control parameters: choose “Display of selected articles” 2x [Enter]
Planning → Save
1-3-5
Requirements planning → RP list → Individual display and Requirements planning → Stock requirements list
Only
Internal
Use
1-3-4
Partner
Select articles TA03## and TA04## one after the other in the list Requirements planning → Interactive planning Current stock: Column Available Quantity in row Stock Determined requirement quantity: Column Rec./reqd qty in line PReq No. of the created purchase requisition: Column Data for RP element in line PReq Delivery date of purchase requisition: Column Date in line PReq Planning → Save for the next article.
SAP
1-3-3
Use
SAP
Field name or type of data
Internal
Only
1-3-1
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1-4* 1-4-1
Purchasing → Requirements planning → Profile → Forecast profile → Create Number P0##, [Enter], description “Forecast profile group ##” Select the fields Number of historical periods, Forecast model, and Number of forecast periods, as write-protected, and the Number of periods for initialization as a default value. Button [Data screen], enter values Forecast model, Historical periods, Periods for Init. as per exercise
Select the fields Stock planner and Planned delivery time in days as writeprotected. Button [Data screen 1], enter values Stock planner and Planned delivery time as per exercises Profile → Save, [Back] Master data → Article data → Article → Create Article: TA29## Article type: Trading goods Merchandise category: R1133 Article category: Single article Distribution center: T7## Reference article: TA03## Select views Basic data and Logistics: Distribution Center, [Enter] Note: Press [Enter] to confirm any warnings View Logistics: Distribution Center Button [RP profile]; assignment of D0## Button [Forecast profile]; assignment of P0## Article → Save
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Purchasing → Requirements planning → Profile → Planning profile → Change If you change the RP profile, the system must check all articles to which this profile is assigned. For runtime reasons, this is not done as soon as the profile is changed. Instead, it is scheduled as a background job. This background job only changes data that was assigned by the profile to the article as write-protected.
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1-4-4
Partner
Use
SAP
1-4-3
SAP
Internal
Purchasing → Requirements planning → Profile → Planning profile → Create Number D0##, [Enter], and description “RP profile group##'
Use
Partner
1-4-2
Internal
Only
Profile → Save, [Back]
Solutions Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Investment Buying
2-1 2-1-1
2-1-2
Article: Purchasing organization: Vendor: Select Purchasing view
TA03## R300 TS1##
SAP
Button [Conditions] Select period that starts 7 days from now Button [New validity period] Increase price to 5 USD/CAR
SAP
Article → Save Open a new session: IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Investment Buying → Parameters for PO-Based Load Building and Investment Buying Column: No. days price
2-1-4
Retailing: Master data → Site data → Site → Change Enter site T7##, Customizing → For site Field group Inventory management: Storage location determination Columns: Offc/facty exp., enter 50 (USD will default) after pressing Enter
2-1-5
Master data → Article data → Article → Change View: Basic data Field group: Units of measurement/EANs/dimensions Table columns: Volume, Volume unit
2-1-6
Master data → Site data → Site → Change Customizing → For site Field group Reqmnts planning Warehouse costs for RP lot size Button [New entries] as per exercise Save
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2-1-3
Partner
Use
Master data → Article data → Article → Change
Use
Partner
Only
Site: T7## Tab: Purchasing/Distribution Field: ROI required Value: 20 Save data
Internal
Internal
Retailing: Master data → Site data → Site → Change
2-1-9
Master data → Article data → Article → Change View: Logistics: Distribution Center (for DC T7##) Button: [Forecast values]
2-1-10
View: Basic data Field group: Expiration date Field: Tot. shelf life.
2-1-11
Master data → Vendor data → Edit vendors → Vendor → Change → Purchasing (immed.) Subscreen: Purchasing organization data Field Purchasing data, [Enter] Subscreen: Conditions Field: Terms of paymnt; 0001 – Payable immediately due net..
2-1-12
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Investment Buying → Parameters for PO-Based Load Building and Investment Buying See column Max. range/cov.
2-2-1
Retailing: Master data → Article data → Article → Change View: Purchasing, [Enter] Button: [Conditions], double click on a period Button: [Validity periods]
2-2-2
Purchasing → Purchase order → Environment → Return on investment.
Partner
Vendor: Purchasing organization: Article: Site:
Only
Only
Field: Lot-size independent costs 1 [Back] Article → Save
Use
Partner
2-1-8
SAP
SAP
Master data → Article data → Article → Change View: Logistics: Distribution Center (for DC T7##) Button: [RP/forecast data] Field group: Lot-size data Field: Storage cost indicator. 2
Internal
2-1-7
Internal
Use
2-2
TS1## R300 TA03## T7##
On the initial screen: Enter current price (57), future price (65), and define validity period (see 2-1-2). Program → Execute On the initial screen for simulating the ROI-based order proposal, enter values for some parameters (such as expenses for office and factory space, operating costs, shelf life) that differ from the values maintained for the article. 2-2-3
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Button [Generate PO]
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Solutions Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Replenishment
Partner SAP
Values
Recipient
T2##
Program → Execute 3-1-1
The RP type is found in the column RPType. The articles R100000 and R100008 have the RP type RP.
3-1-2
The following values are maintained: R100000
R100008
70
0
Target stock
1500
1000
Reorder point
300
700
Safety stock
250
250
stock
SAP
Replenishment-based inventory management is active for the articles for which the fields in columns Replen.IM and CorrectRS are selected.
3-1-4
Replenishment-based inventory management is active for article R100008.
3-1-5
For a definition of the reorder point, put the cursor on the Reorder point field and choose [F1].
3-1-6*
Double click on field T2## Extras → Merchandise categories Inventory management on a value-only basis is defined for merchandise category R1121 (field in column M is selected). Stock is posted to merchandise category article R1121 (column MC article). Because of this setting, the stock for the articles in this merchandise category are managed in stock on a value-only, not a quantity and value basis, meaning the stocks of all articles in the merchandise category are added together.
3-1-7
Master data → Site data → Site → Display Tab POS, The POS inbound profile is CO00
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3-1-3
Partner
Use
Field name or type of data
Use
Internal
Retailing: Sales → Replenishment → Overview → Parameters
Internal
Only
3-1
3-1-8
(open new session if required) IMG: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → Replenishment Control → Follow-On Documents (via Store Order) Choose CO00, Button [Details]:
'Default doc. category, int. replenishment' = 3, meaning (stock transfer) orders are created (because of additional settings 'Default order doc. type' = UB). (go back to original session if necessary)
Recipient
T2##
Articles
R100000
to
R100008
Program → Execute
Partner SAP
Values
3-2-1 3-2-2
3-3
Replenishment requirements → Generate follow-on documents Confirm the dialog box by choosing [Enter] Double click number of Pur.order Order type: UB (stock transport order) Supplying site: T7##
SAP
Retailing: Sales → Replenishment Overview → Parameters Field name or type of data
Values
Recipient
T2##
Partner
Use
Field name or type of data
Use
Program → Execute 3-3-1
Double click field T2## Extras → Merchandise categories Requirement group 02 is displayed for merchandise category R1111. 2x [Back] to the Replenishment parameter overview screen.
3-3-2
In the Replenishment parameter overview screen Double click field R100000 Select Basic Data view [Enter] Button [Additional data] Tab Requirements groups Requirements groups 01, 02,03 are maintained for article R100000
3-3-3
Requirements group 02 is assigned to store T2## for merchandise category R1111. This contains the following data: Target stock: 1500 Reorder point: 300 Safety stock: 250 The values for article R100000 in store T2## are determined in the same way.
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Internal
Retailing: Sales → Replenishment → Replenishment Planning → Execute
Internal
Only
3-2
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Solutions Unit: Requirements Planning Topic: Allocation
Partner SAP
Quota category A
4-1-2
Rounding B
4-1-3
Split remainder C Table view → Save 2x [Back].
4-2
4-2-1
Field group Bus. Transaction, field Item category C
4-2-2
Field group Calc. Rules, field Rounding C and Split remainder B.
4-2-3
Field group Store communication, field Notification category B
4-2-4
Field group Generic art. Category, field Alloc. method 2
Only
[Enter] Table view → Save [Back]
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Partner
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation Table → Allocation Table Types. Select allocation table type 0001, Edit → Copy as... Enter target entry: AT## (with ## = group number) with the description "Alloc. table type ##".
SAP
Use
4-1-1
Use
Internal
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation Rule → Allocation Rule Types Select allocation rule type 0001 (if necessary), Edit → Copy as... Enter target entry: AR## (with ## = group number) with the description “Alloc. rule type ##”.
Internal
Only
4-1
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4-3*
(Optional) IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation Table → Item Categories of Allocation Table Select item category C, Goto → Details. 4-3-1
Field group: Bus. transaction, Field: Vendor PO, indicator: 1 "PO via DC (delivery to distribution center)".
4-3-2
Field group: Bus. transaction, Field: Stock transfer, indicator: 1 "Warehouse order".
4-3-3
Field group: System support, Field: Supply source det., indicator: 1 "Distribution center and vendor ".
SAP Use
Characteristic R_UUS01, Value scale R_UUS01, Quota scale QL1##, confirm with [Enter], Description as per exercise.
4-4-2
Quotas as per exercise.
4-4-3
Quota scale → Save.
4-4-4
Characteristic R_COL01, Value scale R_COL01, Quota scale QL2## , confirm with [Enter], Description as per exercise.
4-4-5
Quotas as per exercise.
4-4-6
Quota scale → Save.
Partner
4-4-1
SAP
[Back] 4-5
Retailing: Master data → Site data → Grouping → Allocation table → Create Select class type 030 and confirm. 4-5-1
Class: BG## , confirm, or Class → Create; Description as per exercise.
4-5-2
Save class.
4-5-3
Master data → Site data → Grouping → Allocation Table → Maintain Assignment → Sites in a class, Select class type 030 and confirm, Class BG##, Edit → New assignments, In the dialog box: Select Plant and confirm, Column CustomerNoSite as per exercise, Assignment → Save.
Only
Internal
Retailing: Master data → Merchandise category data → Characteristics → Value/Quota Scales → Quota scale → Create
Use
Partner
4-4
Internal
Only
2x [Back]
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Partner SAP
Allocation rule type AR##, purchasing organization R300, purchasing group R31, [Enter].
4-6-2
Allocation rule AAR##, description as per exercises.
4-6-3
Column: Base site grp BG##, [Enter].
4-6-4
Select item of site group, Goto → Sites. Increase quotas of site T1## to two.
4-6-5
[Enter], confirm the query relating to fixing the allocation rule with yes, [Back] or F3.
4-6-6
Save allocation rule; [Back]
Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation table → Create. Allocation table type AT## , organizational data as per exercise, [Enter], description as per exercise. 4-7-1
Site delivery date: 03. of month after next or next valid working day; [Enter]
4-7-2
DC delivery date: 01. of month after next or at least 2 days before the site delivery date; [Enter]
4-7-3
The system proposes the item category that was selected in the allocation table type (cf. 4-2-1).
4-7-4
Article R100033, Plnd qty 960, unit of measure (Un) pc, allocation rule AAR## ; [Enter]. Select quota scale QL1## or QL2##, confirm and select validity “All sites”.
4-7-5
Make note of variant quantities [Back] or F3.
4-7-6
(Optional) Select any item, Goto → Items → Details. Rounding and allocation of remaining quantities in line with the settings for the allocation rule type (see 4-1-2 and 4-1-3). These have priority over the calculation rules in the allocation table type.
4-7-7
Select first item, Goto → Sites → Sites in item, make note of planned quantity for store T1##.
4-7-8
Select all sites, Goto → Sites → Details, Check “Distribution center” as per exercise
Only
(Fast change if required: In the item view, select all items, Edit → Additional functions → Fast change → Item, Enter missing DC in field group Delivery data, sites, field Dist.center, Button [Execute]).
© SAP AG
Select any item, Goto → Distribution centers → Distribution centers in item. Vendor column: Make note of external vendor, [Back].
IRT330
Partner
2x [Back].
4-7-9
SAP
Use
4-6-1
Use
Internal
4-7
Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation rule → Create.
Internal
Only
4-6
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4-7-10
Select all items (via Edit → Select → Select all), Edit → Logs → Incompleteness. (To fulfill the listing requirements, select all items, Edit → Listing → Distribution center (or Site). Confirm any queries.) [Back]
4-7-11
Allocation table → Save, [Back].
4-8-2
Confirm message, System → Services → Output controller, Selection → Execute, Select line, Goto → Display request → Content.
Use
4-9
Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation table → Change; Enter allocation table number from 4-7-13, (do not press [Enter]!) Allocation table → Create follow-on docs → Vendor PO. 4-9-1
Edit → Generate POs, A collective PO is created for the external vendor. Display by double clicking on the order number in the column PO
4-9-2
Make a note of the number in column PO, [Back].
Partner Only
Internal
2x [Back]
SAP
SAP
Message type RTA1, Transmission medium 1, Site: T1##, Allocation table: allocation table number see 4-7-11, Program → Execute or F8.
Use
4-8-1
Internal
Only
Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation table → Communication site → Create notification.
Partner
4-8
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4-10* Optional) Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation table display → Create follow-on docs → Warehouse order 4-10-1
Settings → Split criteria, close dialog box.
4-10-2
Edit → Generate wareh. order
4-10-3
One warehouse order is created for each distribution center providing no further split criteria were selected. [Back]
Goto → Header, tab: Administration data, field group: Status, field: Activity status. [Back], [Enter]
4-11-2
Select any variant, Goto → Sites → Sites in item, Select a site, Goto → Sites → Details Tab: Administration data, field group: Follow-on documents, buttons on the right-hand side [Display vendor order] and [Display warehouse order].
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
4-11-1
Internal
Only
4-11* (Optional) Retailing: Purchasing → Allocation → Allocation table → Display, Enter allocation table number (cf. 4-7-13) and confirm.
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Ordering
Contents: ! RFQ/Quotation ! Outline Agreement ! Purchase Order ! Release Procedure ! Output Determination
Use
SAP AG 2001
SAP
SAP
Partner
Internal
Only
! Optimizing
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Ordering: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: ! Use the RFQ and quotation functionality ! Create outline agreements and contracts ! Understand the complexity of purchase orders
Only
Internal
! List the options for the optimizing process
Partner
! Describe the functions and steps involved in the release procedure for purchase requisitions and purchase documents ! Explain the various ways of determining output
Use
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Partner
Course Overview Requirements Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor Evaluation
Use
1 2 3 4 5 6
Internal
Only
Course Overview Diagram
Conclusion
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Ordering: Business Scenario
Only
Use
Partner
Internal
! In your company, you want the system to support you in the creation of purchase requisitions and other purchasing documents, with the intention of optimizing the whole purchasing process. This includes all purchasing processes, from the creation of an RFQ, creation of a purchasing requisition, supply source determination, and creation of a purchase order right through to the release of the documents (if required) and the exchange of information with the vendor.
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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RFQ and Quotation: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe a business scenario in which the RFQ and quotation are used in Purchasing
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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RFQ and Quotation: Linking IDES Smart Retailer Inc. Inc. RFQ Vendor
.... C
RFQ
Vendor Vendor A A Vendor Vendor B B Vendor Vendor C C
Quotation Vendor
Quotation Vendor
.... B
Article Quantity Price 4711 88.50 PC 99.90 ... ...
Price comparison list
89.50 US$ 88.50 US$ 99.90 US$
.... C
Quotation .... Article Quantity Price B Vendor 4711 Quotation 100 PC 99.90 .... ...Article ... Quantity Price A Vendor 4711 100 PC 99.90 ...Article ... Quantity Price 4711 100 PC 99.90 ... ...
Use
Partner
Price = ? (for n pieces of article abc)
Internal
Only
.... Article Quantity B Vendor 4711 RFQ 100 PC .... ...Article ... Quantity A Vendor 4711 100 PC ...Article... Quantity 4711 100 PC ... ...
Purchasing info record
" You enter the quotations received, including all related prices and conditions offered by the vendor, in the RFQs concerned. A request for a quotation and its associated quotation therefore create a logical unit.
Only
SAP Use Internal
" Requests for quotations can either be generated directly from purchase requisitions or created manually by the user for a number of vendors.
" You can then compare the various quotations received by using a price comparison list and determine the best quotation. You can then have the system save the data in a purchasing info record for the vendor.
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" In retailing, relations with vendors are usually maintained over a long period of time and are characterized by a high level of stability. However, when the value of an article is particularly high, or the merchandise is highly specialized, it may make sense to use the request for quotation (RFQ) procedure to determine the best possible vendor for an article.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Outline Agreement: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Understand the difference between different kinds of outline agreements and in particular contracts
Only
Use
Partner
Internal
! Create contract release orders for different kinds of contract items
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Overview of Outline Agreements
Contract
Quantity contract
Duration
Value contract
Article
Centr. Centr. agreed contract
Total quantity/ Total value
Date
Conditions
Scheduling agreement Duration Article
Sched. Sched. agreement with
Total quantity
release documentation
Conditions
Schedule line Quantity Date
Forec. sched. agreem.
Use
Partner
Sched. Sched. agreement
Quantity
Internal
Only
Distributed contract
Contract release order
JIT dlvy sched.
SAP Use
Partner
" The outline agreement does not contain information on particular dates or quantities for the individual deliveries. This information is stored in a contract release order or a schedule line, depending on the type of outline agreement. " An outline agreement can be a contract or a scheduling agreement. " There are two kinds of contract: •
Quantity contract: The contract is deemed fulfilled when the agreed quantity has been achieved as a result of contract release orders.
•
Value contract: The contract is deemed fulfilled when the agreed value has been achieved as a result of contract release orders.
" Contract items can relate to a single site or all sites in a purchase organization (centrally agreed contract). " Distributed contracts are centrally agreed contracts that are made available for release orders in other SAP systems.
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Internal
" An outline agreement is a long-term agreement with a vendor relating to the delivery of articles at fixed conditions. These apply for a specific period and a total order quantity or value.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Working With Contracts
Contract requisition
Reference contract RFQ
Purchase requisition
Statistics Contract
Vendor
Contract release order
Only
Standard item Consignment item Article unknown Subcontracting Service item
With article
optional
Without article mandatory
Single/multiple acct assignment Cost center Project Order Create Unknown
Use
Partner
Item/ Item/item category
Internal
OneOne-time vendor
SAP Use
" Contract release orders can be created without reference or with reference to a purchase requisition. " The release documentation contains details on the ordering activities for a contract. For each release order, the system provides the following data: Contract release order number
•
Order date
•
Order quantity
•
Order value
•
Release quantity so far
•
Target quantity
•
Outstanding quantity
Only
•
" You can have the system list all contracts that will expire in the near future. The system evaluates this information on the basis of the Target value and Total release value fields in the contract header and suitable selection parameters.
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Internal
" Contracts can be created without reference or with reference to an outline agreement requisition, a RFQ, or another contract.
SAP
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Site Contract - Centrally Agreed Contract
Contract 1 Item Art. Site 10 1
R311 R311
Internal
Only
R310 R310
Contract 2
Use
Partner
Item Art. Site 10 2 R300
R300 R300
SAP Use
" Contract items can relate to a single site or all sites in a purchase organization (centrally agreed contract). " All sites in a purchasing organization can place an order with reference to a centrally agreed contract. " A company that has a central purchasing organization for several sites can negotiate better conditions than an individual site. " Centrally agreed contracts can be negotiated for all vendors in a corporate group. The individual contract release orders can be sent to various vendors in this group. This promotes synergies.
Only
" You can define that certain sites are to be supplied by certain vendors of the corporate group.
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Site Conditions in Centrally Agreed Contract
Article Total qty Price
:A : 01.01.31.12. :1 : 10,000 pc : $1
Site conditions Site R300: Surcharge 5% Site R310: Surcharge 3% Site R311: Surcharge 3%
Vendor
:A
Article Site Qty Price
:1 : R300 : 1,000 : $1,050
Use
Partner
Vendor Period
Contract release order
Internal
Only
Contract
SAP Use
" Items in a centrally agreed contract do not relate to a particular receiving site. " As a result, a company that has a central purchasing organization for several sites can negotiate a contract for all of these sites. As a result, better conditions can be negotiated. " The site conditions function of the centrally agreed contract enables you to define prices and conditions for each individual receiving site. This means that you can take account of different transportation costs for different routes, for example.
Partner Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Purchase Order: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe the structure of a purchase order in SAP Retail
Only
Internal
! State the ways purchase orders can be created in SAP Retail
Use
Partner
! Describe the various functions used when creating and processing purchase orders
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Purchase Order: Creation 120 110 100 90 80 70 60
Automatic req. planning
Forecast Replenishment Investment Buying
Order proposal
Automatic Load Building Manual creation
Release
Sales order Promotion
Output: EDI Fax Printout
Planning workbench
Allocation tables Manual Load Building
Use
Partner
Store order
Purchase Purch. order order Vendor
Internal
Only
Purchase requisition
List:e-mail Printout
SAP Use Internal
" Purchase orders can subsequently be grouped together (manual load building). In addition, you can add more items to a purchase order by selecting further articles (planning workbench). Finally, you can specify that a release procedure is required for purchase orders (and purchase requisitions).
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Only
" When purchase requisitions are converted to purchase orders, the system carries out supply source determination, order quantity optimizing, and/or automatic load building, depending on the settings in Customizing.
Partner
" In Purchasing, procurement activities are carried out for manually entered requirement values or values determined automatically as a result of requirements planning, store orders, allocation tables, promotions, and store orders. Requirements initially exist in the system as purchase requisitions or purchase orders, and require additional information such as the vendor and delivery date. Important: For purchase requisitions to be automatically converted to purchase orders, the indicator for the automatic conversion of purchase requisitions to purchase orders must be selected in the article master (logistics data for a site) and the vendor master (purchasing data for a purchasing organization).
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Purchase Order: Structure Purchasing org. Purchasing group
Order type Header 1
PO Vendor
4500004012 R3001
....
12.1.00 12.1.00 Art. 56334 1.6.00 1.6.00 1.7.00 1.7.00
18.2.00 5.3.00 20.3.00
200 200 pc pc Site R311 66 car car 44 car car
200 pc ... ... 10 car ... ... ... ...
Site R312 20 pal 20 pal 10 PAL
n
Items 1
50 pal
m
... ... ...
•
•
•
•
•
•
Deliv. schedule
• Item/acct assignment category • Article with merch. cat. and short text • Ordered quantity • Receiving site and storage location • ... • Date and time • Delivery quantity • ...
Use
Partner
Art. 73452
Site R310
Internal
Only
Art. 55421
....
• Purch. organization/ Purch. group • Order type (OR, STO etc) • PO number • Vendor • Terms of delivery and payment • ...
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Purchase Order: Document Categories Purchasing Transactions Purch. order Vendor Art. 3214
20 pc
Art. 5110
15 pc
Document type
Interval Internal or external
Number range Item interval
Screen structure at doc. level
Only
Allowed item categories
Define external display of item categories
Reference to purchase requisition
Example: Entry of article number required Account assignment allowed
Use
Partner
Field selection per field selection group
Internal
Field selection reference key
" You can use the field selection reference key to exclude fields from document processing or mark them as optional/required fields. " The field selection is also influenced by the following factors: •
Transaction
•
Item Category
•
Account assignment category (for field selection of account assignment)
•
Authorization to display prices
•
Release status
SAP Use
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Internal
" For each document type, you can define separate number ranges for internal and external number assignment. At least one number range must be assigned.
Partner
" Separate document types are created for each kind of purchasing document (purchase requision, purchase order, outline agreement). Subsequent relationships between document types of various purchasing document categories can be stored in the document type assignment (via purchase requisition). Separate document types can be created for purchasing document categories if required.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Item Category
Item category
GR and invoice receipt can take place
PReq Account assignm. not required GR not required IR not required Doc. category FO required
Quotation
Pur.order
B S
Vendor: Meyer
Partner
Art. 5 10 car R300
Account assignment required GR and IR can take place
U ...
Article number required GR required IR n/a
Use
SAP Use
" The following item categories are defined: " Standard: Used for articles that are procured from an external vendor. " Subcontracting: The final product is ordered from the vendor. The components that the vendor needs to put the final product together are entered in purchase order items.
" Stock transport order: An article is transferred from one site to another. " Direct delivery (third party order): The ordered article is to be supplied directly to a third party (such as a customer). The vendor sends you the invoice.
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" Consignment: The vendor supplies you with articles that you manage as consignment stock. The vendor retains ownership of these articles until they are withdrawn from the consignment stores.
Partner
" The item category defines whether the article number, account assignment, goods receipt and/or invoice receipt are possible or mandatory for an item. Which item categories are displayed depends on the document category. In Customizing, you can define which item categories are allowed for which documents.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Internal
Internal
Only
Outline agreement
Account Assignment Category Description
Item in purchasing transaction
Account assignment can be changed after GR/IR Account assignment can be changed on IR
Acct assignm. cat.
Internal
Only
GR for item GR non-valuated
Partner
IR for item Screen sequence
Use
Account modification Consumption posting
SAP Use
" The account modification key of the account assignment type enables you to have the system propose a consumption account number for the entry of a purchasing document item with account assignment. You assign this account number in the settings for automatic postings for "Offsetting for stock posting".
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Only
Internal
" The corresponding account assignment category can be assigned for each item category.
Partner
" The account assignment category determines the type of account assignment such as cost center or sales order, and which accounts are to be posted on receipt of goods or invoices. An account assignment category is assigned to each item in a purchasing document.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Purchase Order: Supply Source Determination 1 Quota arrangement 60%
2
Source list
?
40%
?
PReq Vendor?? Art. 3214 20 pc Art. 5110 15 pc
Purch. requisition WITHOUT supply source
Article R100013 for R300 50 pc
Source list
Article Article Purch. order Vendor R3001
• Find external source of supply only • Find internal source of supply only • Find internal supply source first, then external • Find external supply source first, then internal
SAP
Stock transfer delivery schedules Supplying sites
MIT MIT
Supply region?
5
Vendor Vendor R3001 R3001
" In supply source determination, the system attempts to assign a supply source for an article to a site by searching for an internal or external vendor. Supply source determination can lead to a number of different supply sources being found. " Supply source determination consists of the following steps: You can use a quota arrangement to distribute the purchase orders among a number of supply sources (both internal and external) using a predefined key.
•
The source list is used to define all permitted sources of supply. You can enter vendors or outline agreements. You can flag a source of supply as a preferred vendor.
•
You can use the supply source indicator in the article master to search for certain types of supply source, such as external sources only, internal sources only, external sources before internal sources, or internal sources before external sources.
•
An outline agreement is an agreement made with a vendor relating to the delivery of a certain quantity or value of an article at fixed conditions and for a specified period. An outline agreement can be a contract or a scheduling agreement.
•
If the site to be supplied has already been assigned a supply region, a potential supply source is only acceptable if it is valid for the region in question.
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Only
•
Partner
Use
Outline agreements Purch. info records Regular vendor
20 pc 15 pc
SAP
SAP AG 2001
4
Art. 3214 Art. 5110
Use
Partner
Supply source ind.
Internal
Internal
Only
3
Purchase Order: Planning Workbench
Manual planning Select worklist - Site - Vendor
Start variant
Material selection
Default data
Control data - Sort algorithms
- Hide processed worklist
WWW
Application settings
- Expand levels with one element - Display symbols
- Display
Worklist settings
General settings
Use
Partner
Internet services
- Item category - Account assignment category
Internal
Only
- Stock planner - Merchandise category
e-mail
- Sequence
" The planning workbench displays a worklist from which you can go directly into the application.
Only
SAP Internal
" You can personalize the display to suit your requirements.
Partner
Use
" The planning workbench is a work environment for stock planners. It allows you to perform manual planning and to link to Internet services.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Purchase Order: Manual Planning
Worklist personalization
"
Simple display navigation in tree format
"
Display of additional information, for example, site or vendor master data
"
Direct access to the Internet or mail system
"
Worklist view personalization
Manual planning "
Display of consumption and/or forecast data
"
Use of restriction profiles
"
Automatically generated purchase requisitions
Use
Partner
•
$
Internal
Only
! Planning workbench with integrated manual planning
SAP Use
" Additional items can be added to purchase orders created manually and those generated as a result of the requirements planning functions. If a restriction profile exists for the vendor, you can manually check that it is kept in the system. " The system can suggest articles and order quantities for external vendors. The necessary information is supplied in an overview.
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" You can also plan articles for which no requisition has been determined, for example to make better use of the means of transport.
Partner
Internal
" Manual planning combines the advantages of automatic requirement determination with those of manual order processing.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Purchase Order: Additional Functions (1/2)
PO Vendor
4500004012 R3001
....
Art. 55421 12.1.00 12.1.00 Art. 56334
Only
Art. 73452
Site R310 200 200 pc pc Site R311 66 car car 44 car car
200 pc ... ... 10 car
!
... ... ... ...
Site R312 20 pal 20 pal 10 PAL
!
50 pal
!
... ... ...
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use
Partner
18.2.00 5.3.00 20.3.00
....
Internal
1.6.00 1.6.00 1.7.00 1.7.00
!
At header level Additional texts can be maintained Partner schemas can be maintained (vendor, invoicing party, payee and so on) Vendor address and conditions can be displayed ...
SAP Use
•
Maintain partner schemas (partner determination procedures) if the vendor, invoicing party, and payee are not the same
•
Branch to the vendor address and conditions
Only
Maintain additional texts
Partner
•
Internal
" A number of additional functions are available to you during purchase order processing. At header level, for example, you can:
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Purchase Order: Additional Functions (2/2)
PO Vendor
4500004012 R3001
....
Art. 55421 12.1.00 12.1.00 Art. 56334
Only
Art. 73452
Site R310 200 200 pc pc Site R311 66 car car 44 car car
200 pc ... ... 10 car ... ... ... ...
Site R312 20 pal 20 pal 10 PAL
50 pal ... ... ...
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use
Partner
18.2.00 5.3.00 20.3.00
....
Internal
1.6.00 1.6.00 1.7.00 1.7.00
At item level ! Empties articles can be listed individually as subitems ! Schedule lines can be maintained ! Conditions (including free goods) can be maintained ! Purchase orders can be created for generic articles using the variant matrix ! Return items can be created ! ... ..................................................... ! Reference to confirmations (shipping notif., rough GR) ! Promotion determination ! OTB update ! ...
SAP Use
" You can perform the following functions at item level in a purchase order: Add the empties (crate, empty bottles) as a sub-item of the empties article (such as a crate of beer).
•
Maintain schedule lines
•
Maintain conditions, including free goods
•
Order generic articles using a variant matrix
•
Create return items (for vendor returns of transport equipment, empties, and standard merchandise, for example).
" The purchase order itself performs the following functions: •
Manages references to confirmations, such as shipping notifications or rough goods receipts
•
Performs promotion determination (so that the appropriate promotion conditions can be used for an article that is involved in a promotion).
•
Updates existing open-to-buy (OTB) planning
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Only
•
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Optimizing: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe the system settings for optimizing order quantities
Only
Use
Partner
Internal
! Use the functions for manual and automatic load building
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Quantity Optimizing
Quantity Optimizing
•
Minimum order quantity
•
Rounding quantity
•
Unit of measurem. group
Rounded order quantity
Store order
Sales order
Use
Partner
Alloc. table
Net requirement requirement qty qty Net
Purch. order
SAP Use
" In Requirements Planning it is possible to use statistical rounding profiles to round values. " In the purchase order and sales order, you can round quantities regardless of whether the documents were generated manually or automatically. " In the allocation table, quantities are optimized at site level for the allocation table item. If quantity optimization is carried out in an allocation table, it is not carried out when follow-on documents are generated.
" One or more of the following values must be entered for each article and vendor: Minimum order quantity
•
Rounding quantity
•
Unit of measurement group
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" Optimizing is incorporated in store order processing, and affects purchase orders, deliveries, and sales orders that were generated from store orders. Rounding for deliveries only takes place in connection with the store order.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
•
Internal
Only
Req. Planning
Quantity Optimizing: Rounding Profile
Static profile
Dynamic profile
• Threshold value Rounding value
• Rounding method
Rounding 5,000 40,000
• Rounding rule
• Allowed units of measure taken into account
Check Check on on unit unit of of measure measure groups groups for for vendor/recipient vendor/recipient
Use
Partner
• Log. units of measure not taken into account
Internal
LogUn %Up % Down CAR 50.0 10.0 LAY 70.0 10.0 PAL 90.0 10.0
Only
Thresh. 1,000 32,000
00 No No rounding rounding 11 To To order/sales order/sales unit unit 2/3 2/3 To To order order sales/sales sales/sales unit unit and and logistics logistics unit unit
SAP Use
•
% Up: A percentage of 0 means that the system always rounds the value up to a multiple of the assigned logistics unit of measure. A percentage of 100 means no rounding takes place.
•
% Down: A percentage of 100 means that the system always rounds the value down to a multiple of the assigned logistics unit of measure. A percentage of 100 means no rounding takes place.
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" Values of 0%- or 100% entered for the rounding rule have the following meaning:
" The rounding rules define as of which percentages the system rounds up or down to a number of measure.
Partner
" You create rounding rules that are site-independent. However, they can also be specified per site.
Internal
" In SAP Retail you can use dynamic rounding profiles. As a result, you can round your purchase order quantities to special logistics units of measure agreed with your vendor.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Determining the Optimum Order Quantity 1/2
Article Article 1 1 1 1
AUn PC CAR LAY PAL
1 10 40 120
OUn PC PC PC PC
Ord x
Default values Rounding profile UM group
Internal
Only
Vendor Vendor LogUn % Up % Down CAR 50.0 10.0 LAY 70.0 10.0 PAL 90.0 10.0
Partner
Use
UM group 0001 PC CAR LAY PAL
Only
SAP Use Internal
" When the system determines the permitted unit of measure, it takes account of the rounding profile and the unit of measure group valid for the vendor. The unit of measure group defines the units of measure in which the vendor wants to or is able to supply the article.
Partner
" When the system rounds a value to a logistics unit of measure, it always tries to create an order quantity for the largest possible unit of measure from the vendor, as it assumes that the best conditions will be achieved as a result. The smallest possible unit of measure that is possible for the purchase order is the alternative unit of measure (AUn) flagged as the order unit (Ord) in the article master.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Determining the Optimum Order Quantity 2/2
+
Variable OUn = 1
1 1 1 1
Rounding method 2
Rounded order quantity
Only
11
...
7 car 65
9 car 71
85
95
101
105
2 layers
Layer
...
11 car
10 car 91
111
131
3 layers 108
84
124
Pallet
1 pallet
110?
100?
83? 84? 85?
132
Unrounded order quantity PC
SAP
" In this example, the rounding rule defines rounding in the following areas: •
1 layer between 28 and 44 pieces
•
1 pallet between 108 and 132 pieces
Only
Internal
1 box between 5 and 11 pieces
Partner
•
Use
3?
108
SAP AG 2001
SAP
13 car
125
Internal
1 car 5
Ord x
133 PC
68
Use
OUn PC PC PC PC
3 PC
Carton
Partner
1 10 40 120
133?
Piece
AUn PC CAR LAY PAL
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Load Building: Overview
Req. Planning
Investment buying process
Promotion orders
Purch. req.req. ... ... Purch. Purch. req. ...
Purchase requisitions Automatic load building process
Purchase orders Purch. order Vendor 326 Purch. order Vendor 326
Internal
Only
Without existing requirement elements
Other order processes
Partner
Simulation list process Manual load building
Use
EDI to vendor
SAP Use
" Load building has the following aims: •
Reduce transportation costs
•
Reduce the amount of stock in the warehouse by ordering on the latest possible date
•
Obtain lower purchasing prices by ordering full truck-loads (for example)
" Automatic load building compares the requirement quantities and promotion purchase quantities needed with the vendor restrictions and tries to meet these restrictions.
" Automatic load building is also possible if requirement elements do not exist, that is to say, purchase orders and purchase requisitions do not have to exist in the system before load buidling is possible.
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" The collective PO screen is used to logically group together purchase orders to form complete loads. A load can be a truck-load or a container, for example, and is defined in a restriction profile.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Load Building: General Parameters Purch. req.req. ... ... Purch. Purch. req. ... Purch. req.req. ... ... Purch.
Parameters for load building and investment buying No. days promo No days price
Only
Internal
Maximum range of coverage Default service level
Purch. order Vendor 326 Purch. order Vendor 326
No. of days to deletion in the simulation list
Use
Partner
No. of days to deletion in the investment buying table
" No days price defines the search horizon for price changes in calendar days for the Investment Buying process. " The maximum (receipt) range of coverage defines the coverage period for articles that are involved in the order optimizing process or investment buying. The maximum coverage period is limited by the remaining shelf life of the article (expiration date). " The default service level is used if a service level is not maintained in the vendor master.
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" No. days promo defines the search horizon for promotion articles in calendar days, that is, the report for load building searches this number of days in the future for promotion articles that can be included in purchase orders and thereby help the system to meet the targets set in the restriction profile (see below).
Partner
Use
" The Customizing table Parameters for Load Building and Investment Buying should contain a single record. This is then read by the report for load building.
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Automatic Load Building PReq
...
Purch. order Vendor Purch. order Vendor
PReq
Combination Vendor POrg
Only
Possible addit. quantities
Restriction profile
Internal
VSR
Range of coverage algorithm
Site
Results list Purch. order Purch. Vendor order
Purch. order Purch. Vendor order
Collective number
Control of doc. generation
Use
Partner
Site group
Purch. Purch. ... propsl Vendor
SAP Use
" Automatic load building is mainly used to support the procurement of large quantities of merchandise taking account of any restrictions that are entered for the delivery of these goods. " To achieve this, the system processes all open purchase requisitions for a combination or vendor/site or site group (including promotion orders, if applicable), and creates optimized purchase orders on the basis of this. Optimization takes place with reference to a target value and based on various additional requirements that are assigned to the vendor in the form of a restriction profile (purchasing data for a purchase organization). " The bundles of purchase orders that meet all restrictions are flagged as optimized in the results list.
Only
" Whether a collective number is assigned depends on the entry in the control parameters. " You can use an analysis program to check whether the prerequisites for load building are met.
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Manual Load Building
Results list, automatic load building
Purch. order Vendor Purch. order Vendor
Purch. order Vendor Purch. order Vendor
Req. Planning
Selection
Purchase orders
change
Purchasing
Restriction profile
split
Control data Processing
Purch. order Purch. Vendor order
Purch. order Purch. Vendor order
Use
Partner
check
Internal
Only
Site
Collective number
" The selection criteria are additive.
Only
SAP Internal
Use
" The function also enables you to check the results of automatic load building.
Partner
" Manual load building is used to group together several purchase orders and give them a collective number. In the transaction, it is also possible to change or split the purchase orders selected for load building.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Load Building: Restriction Profile Purch. req.req. ... ... Purch. Purch. order Purch. req.req. ... ... Purch.
Maintain restrictions
Restriction
• • • • •
Restriction category
Only Partner
Restriction profile
Default unit
Maintain restriction categ.
Tolerance limit for order optimizing
• At least • At most • A multiple of
Use
Purch. order Vendor 326 Purch. order Vendor 326
SAP Use
" A restriction profile can cover several restrictions/conditions. It is then assigned to either a vendor or a combination of vendor and site.
Partner
" Each of these restrictions consists of the following •
Restriction This defines the type of value concerned, for example Gross weight
•
Restriction category This is a relational description, such as ’At most’
•
Target value This defines the value and the unit for the restriction, for example 28 t
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" For each restriction, you can enter a tolerance limit, which defines a percentage by which the target value can deviate.
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Target values • Volume • Weight • Value • Quantity
Volume Gross weight Net weight Net value Units
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Release Procedure: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Describe the functions and steps involved in the release procedure
Only
Internal
! Release purchase requisitions and purchasing documents
Use
Partner
! Understand the Customizing settings for the release procedure
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Release Procedure Sched.agreem.
Purchase requisition Item 10 Item 20 Item 30
Only
Approval ?
Internal
Item 10 Item 20
RFQ Purch. order
Item 10 Item 20 Item 30
Approval ?
RFQ
Purch. order
Output
Item 10 Item 20
Use
Partner
Purchase requisition
Contract
" You can release a purchase requisition on an item-by-item basis or in full. The document type is used to control which of these options is used. " If purchasing documents (purchase order, contract, scheduling agreement, RFQ) need to be released, this means that the document data must be checked and approved before the document is sent to the vendor. The purpose of this approval is to replace manual signature procedures by electronic ones.
SAP Use
" Purchasing documents can only be released in full. Release on an item-by-item basis is not possible.
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Only
Internal
" If purchase requisitions need to be released this means that the RFQ (request for quotation) or purchase order for the items contained in the purchase requisition must be approved. The purpose of this approval is to check that the items are correct in terms of content, and ensure that account assignment and source of supply are also correct.
Partner
" If a purchase requisition or purchasing document meets certain requirements, an approval may be required before further processing can be carried out. This need for an approval is mapped to the R/3 System as a 'release procedure'.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Release Procedure: Terminology
! Release strategy ! Release conditions/criteria
Internal
Only
! Release point/code ! Release prerequisites
Use
Partner
! Release status/indicator
" The release point is the person or department that gives the approval. This is represented in the system by a release code. If a particular strategy required the release of documents by a line superior and a controller, this is acheived by assigning release codes to release points. " The release prerequisites define the sequence of events for the release procedure. For example, release by the line superior could be the prerequisite for release by the controller. " The release indicator is a code that indicates the release status. The release status describes the current status of the document item. If final approval has not yet been given, for example, the status may be 'Blocked'. The release status informs the system of the processing steps that are still allowed for the item or the document (for example, whether a purchase order can be created).
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Only
" The release criteria define the release strategy that is to be used. If the value of a request item is 1000, for example, it may require a particular release strategy. A value of 100,000, on the other hand, may require a different strategy, as the responsibility for approving this may lie with another person.
Partner
Use
" The release strategy defines the approval transaction. It contains release criteria, codes and prerequisites.
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Release Procedure for Purchase Order Purch. order Vendor Art. 3214
20 pc
Art. 5110
15 pc
Release Procedure WhichNet purchase orders have requirement qty to be releaseed? By whom? When? Selection of POs by: • (Order) characteristics and values
Only
• Release codes
Release strategy
Internal
Release for forwarding in accordance with: and prerequisites
Use
Partner
All purchase orders with a value >x USD first buyer Smith, then Textiles/South, then Central Purchasing
Purch. order Vendor Art. 3214
20 pc
Art. 5110
15 pc
SAP Use
" A release strategy for purchase orders consists of: •
A number of characteristics and possible characteristic values for these. Example:
•
Purchasing organization = Total volume > Merchandise category =
Partner
R300 $1,000,000 R1142
A number of release codes and (possibly empty) release prerequisites, which define the sequence of steps in the release procedure. Example:
Release code
Release prerequisite
•
C1: Buyers Smith and Berger
•
C2: Purch. group Textiles/South
Release only after release by C1
•
C3: Central purchasing
Release only after release by C2
•
A release code can be assigned to selected users by means of an authorization object.
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" Whether a (complete) purchase order is subject to a release strategy depends on whether it meets the characteristic values of the strategy. If it does, it is not released for forwarding until the required releases have been completed in the required order by users with the necessary code authorization.
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Release Procedure: Prerequisites
Dictionary
Classification
Customizing
Definition of characteristic
Communication structure
Only
Chars: BETRIEB WERT
Release Release group object
01
PReq
Release class
FRBANF
Char. WERT • Multiple-value x • Table field reference • Unformatted x entry • Interval value x allowed
Use
Partner
Class FRBANF Class type 032
Definition of release group
Internal
Site Merch. category Item category Acct assignm. cat. Value ...
Char. BETRIEB • Multiple-value x • Table field reference • Unformatted x entry
Definition of class
SAP Use
" To be able to use the release procedure with the classification system, you must create a release class with characteristics in addition to the relevant Customizing settings. You do this in the classification system. " The communication structures CEBAN (for purchase requisitions) and CEKKO (for purchasing documents) contain all fields that can be used as release characteristics. You can use a user exit to implement requirements not covered by the standard SAP system.
" You should group together all characteristics that you want to use in release strategies for purchase requisitions or purchasing documents in one class. The class must be assigned to class type 032. You can define one class for purchase requisitions, one class for purchasing documents, and one class for service entry sheets. The release class is assigned to the release object in Customizing (1 = purchase requisitions, 2 = purchasing documents, 3 = service acceptance).
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" All release conditions must be defined as classification characteristics. The characteristic definition contains a link to a field of the communication structure CEBAN or CEKKO. The attribute 'Multiple-value' should be assigned to the classification characteristic, so that the characteristics can be maintained with several values if required, not just a single value. You should allow interval values for characteristics of the data types NUM and CURR.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Customizing the Release Procedure 1
Definition of release codes Rlse group Rlse code Workflow Description 01 A1 Department 1 01 A2 Department 2
Definition of release indicators Rlse. ind. 1 2 ...
3
Description not released Fixed
RFQ
x
x
PO Field ref. Chngble Value chnge x F203
Internal
Definition of release strategy Release group 01, Strategy S1
a Release codes: A1, A2 c Release status b Release
Partner
Only
2
d Classification
prerequisites
A1 A2 x x
x
Rlse. ind. 1 not released 1 not released 2 released
Charact. Site Value
Value
Use
Code/prerequisite A1 A2 A1 x A2
R310, R311 > 1000
SAP Use
" The release strategy defines the approval transaction. When you define a release strategy, you create the prerequistes for the release points. This means you define the sequence in which the release points must give their approval, the release status, and the release conditions in the form of characteristic values in the clasification system.
Only
Internal
" The release indicator reflects the current status of the release. Depending on the release indicator, you can define whether documents that are partially or fully released can be changed, and, if they are changed, whether a new release procedure must be carried out.
Partner
" In Customizing for Purchasing, you define the release codes, the release indicators, and the release strategies. Before you make the Customizing settings for a release strategy, you must have defined release classes with release characteristics.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" The release code is a two-character key that identifies a release point. Each of the people involved in the release procedure gives approval in a release transaction using their release code.
" Release strategies are uniquely defined by a four-character key. The first two characters of this key represent the release group, the last two represent the strategy. A release object (for example 2 = purchasing documents) and a release class must be assigned to a release group.
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User Authorizations and the Release Procedure
Department 1
Department 2
Berger
Release A2 Smith
User authorizations
User authorizations
Authorization object M_EINK_FRG Value: A1
Authorization object M_EINK_FRG Value: A2
Use
Partner
Release A1
Release A1 % A2 %
Internal
Only
PReq
Only
SAP Internal
" If you use the release procedure for purchase requisitions without classifications, you must create authorizations for the authorization object Release code in purchase requisitions (M_BANF_FRG).
Partner
Use
" The authorization object Release code and group in Purchasing (M_EINK_FRG) controls which users can release purchase requisitions and purchasing documents with which release code.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Releasing Purchase Requisitions and Purchasing Documents Individual release
PReq
Item 10
%
Strategy S1 blocked
o.k.
%
Create release
Release point 1
PReq Item 10
o.k.
Release point
o.k.
Release point 2
% + o.k.
Release point 3
% + o.k.
Convert PReq to RFQ
Release point 4
% + o.k.
%
Use
Partner
Initial situation
PReq
Release point
Internal
Only
Item 10
Collective release
Convert PReq to PO
SAP Use
" Documents can ony be released if they meet the release prerequisites. " Each point involved in the release procedure must approve the document that is to be released. During the approval procedure, the release status, reflected in the release indcator, changes. Further processing of the document is dependent on the release indicator. In addition, you can set the field selection control to be dependent on the release indicator. " You can reset the release and in doing so, return the release to its previous status. " You can display the release status of a document. The system then displays the description of the release strategy, the releases carried out so far, and the release codes with which the document must be released. " You can simulate which release status a document would have if it were released with a particular release code. As a result, you are able to see how further processing can be carried out once you have given your approval for the document.
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Internal
" A list is used to release purchase orders, contracts, scheduling agreements, and so on.
Partner
" Purchase requisitions can be released individually or collectively. In the collective procedure, you process all purchase requisitions that exist for your release code in a list. This method is advised if releases need to be carried out frequently.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Output Determination: Objectives
At the conclusion of this topic, you will be able to: ! Make the settings that define the conditions under which ouput can be created and with which output parameters.
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Issuing Output/Messages Purchasing document
Output/Messages EDI
Fax Telex Teletex
Internal
New printout
Delivery schedule line
Reminder .
Rejection
Order confirmation reminder
Use
Partner
Only
Printer
SAP Use
" Each time you save an purchase requisition, purchase order, outline agreement, or scheduling agreement, the document determines an output format. This output format represents a type of message. " The type of message determines which information is output and in what format. " Output is possible using various media, defined either in the document itself or automatically by output determination. " The document to be issued is put in an output queue, and, if necessary, released for printing, output by EDI and so on. The document can be released manually or automatically.
Partner Only
Internal
SAP
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Output Determination: Procedure
Any message types can be output.
basis of concrete values of the influencing factors (such as the document type or vendor).
The printer is determined in the following sequence only: • Message record printer • Purchasing group printer
Use
Partner
Internal
Only
Output medium and time can be proposed by the system on the
SAP Use
" In output determination, the system checks whether 'condition records' exist for the application data that was created in Customizing for example. If they do, one or more messages can be processed (for example, sent electronically). " The system uses a pre-defined hierarchy (access sequence) for the search carried out in output determination. " Output determination enables you to control the output of documents differently for each vendor, for example.
" For each message type, you can define that the document is optically archived when it is output. " For the output of purchasing documents via output determination on a printer, the printer name in the R/3 standard system is only determined from the table 'Assign output devices to purchasing groups', not from user parameter PRI or the user defaults. This is controlled by the print parameters for the message type.
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" For each purchasing transaction, you can define a separate schema (procedure) for controlling output determination.
Partner
Internal
" The purpose of output determination is to manage messages on the basis of predefined criteria.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Steps in Output Determination
Output determ. procedure Purch. order RMBEF0
Message type:
NEU
SAP
Message Type Partner NEU 1 DRUCKLF 123
Access sequence 0001
55
1. Doc. type/Purch. organization/vendor 2. Doc. type 44
Records for message types No valid record available Valid record available
Print parameters Printer: LT60 Print immediately: X Copies: 2
" Output determination is activated automatically when the SAP standard client (000) is installed. " In a condition table, you create the combination of fields for which you want to create message records. " The access sequence is a search strategy used by the SAP system to find valid message records.
" The allowed message types for each application (such as reminder, new printout, and so on) are defined in an output determination procedure (sometimes referred to in the system as a 'message schema'). You can assign separate output determination procedures to the individual purchasing document categories (purchase order, contract, RFQ, and so on).
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Only
" The message type is used to map various types of messages to the system, such as order printouts, order confirmation, reminders, and so on.
Partner
" Output determination in Purchasing enables the sytem to determine the permitted messages in a purchasing transaction and suggest suitable messages. For example, you can define output medium and (if applicable) device, time, and number of copies, depending on certain criteria.
SAP
Use
Message header
Access sequence 0001 33
SAP AG 2001
Internal
Vendor 123 Purch. organization R300
Use
Partner
NEU MAHN AUFB
Purchase order
Internal
Only
22
1. New printout 2. Reminder 3. Order conf. reminder
11
Message Types
Maintain message types
NXYZ
Internal
Fine-tuned control • Definition of which print operation this message type is possible for (e.g. new printout, change printout).
Partner
Only
• Indicator for condition access and access sequence for automatic creation • Partner roles for various recipients (e.g. vendor, order address, supplying plant) • Processing program and form (depends on output medium) • Mail title and mail text for internal transmission
Maintain output determination procedure
Use
• Enter message type in schema: In doing so, you define the purchasing document for which a message is to be created, and according to which conditions.
SAP Use
" Standard message types are provided for each purchasing document, for example: NEU - Message type for new and change printouts for a purchase order. " You can define additional message types for each purchasing document category. " Message records (condition records) must be created for the individual message types that you want to use. These are data records with key fields that represent the condition under which a message was found. The other fields describe the message itself. If a data record transferred by the application matches these key fields, the message is found and can be processed (e.g. issued as a print form or sent as an electronic message).
Partner Only
Internal
SAP
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Influencing Factors for Output Determination
Document 1 Doc. type POrg
NB R300 A
Message record POrg Vendor
Doc. type
Document 3 NB
POrg
R300
Vendor
B
Doc. type POrg Vendor
EDI
C
Doc. type POrg Vendor
NB R300 D
Doc. type NBNB
NB R300
Vendor
B
Output
TELEX
Output Printout Printout Copies
2
Use
Output
Doc. type POrg
NB R300
Message record
Message record R300 A
Document 4
Internal
Only
Vendor
Partner
Document 2
2
SAP
" You can set up the system so that output determination is dependent on the type of purchasing document, the purchasing organization, or the vendor.
Partner
" In Customizing, you can also define other criteria for output determination. When you create condition tables, you select these influencing factors from a field catalog.
Only
Internal
Use
SAP
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Condition Tables and Access Sequences
Condition table
10 20 ...
POrg/vendor Doc. type ...
POrg
Vendor
Message record
R100
R3000
R300
...
Time Medium: Copies ...
16:00 Telefax 1
Internal
Only
Seq. no.
NB UB
Time Medium: Copies ...
Immediat. Printer 1
Use
Partner
Doc. type Message record
SAP Use
You can create condition tables using various key combinations. In the access sequence, you define which condition tables the system reads and in which order.
Only
Internal
"
Partner
" Condition tables contain the concrete message records in which you define output details such as the time of output and number of copies. These tables have key fields that reflect the data used in output determination (and proposed for processing). A set of data of this kind corresponds to a condition record in the table. The data part describes the actual message.
SAP
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Document 2
Document 3
Document 4
Doc. type NB
Doc. type NB
Doc. type NB
Doc. type NB
POrg
R300
POrg
POrg
POrg
R300
Vendor
A
Vendor B
Vendor
D
R300
R300
Vendor C
Cond.tab. 1 for EDI vendor: POrg
Vendor
R300
A
Message record Cond.tab. 2 for telex/fax vendor: POrg
Doc. type
Vendor
R300
NB
B
Message record Cond.tab. 3 for other vendors: Doc. type
Message record
NB
Output details
SAP Use
" The system then checks all of the message types and conditions assigned to these entered for the schema. " If the conditions for a message type (to be created automatically) are met, the program determines the access sequence to be used for searching for condition records in condition tables.
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Only
" You can use the determination analysis to check output determination. This provides you with an overview of all message types defined for your purchasing document. The search sequence, result, and values for key fields of the condition tables provide you with details of the message types for which conditions are fulfilled.
Partner
Internal
" Depending on the type of purchase document, the system determines whether output determination is active, and if it is, which schema (procedure) is used to control output determination.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Use
Partner
Document 1
Internal
Only
Steps in Output Determination: Example
Printer Determination in Purchasing Enter purchasing process, for example create purchase order
Record available for this output type
Print parameters include the criterium purchasing group
Record contains no output device
Output with purchasing group output device
Use
Partner
Record contains no output device
Internal
Only
Output type, for example NEW
Form development dependent on application/output type/ transmission medium
" Once the system has ascertained the output medium and the output type, it can determine the print form. This can only be decided once the medium is known as an EDI transfer differs significantly from the printout of an order.
SAP Use
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Only
Internal
" If a condition record is found that does not specify an output device, the system uses the default printer value for the purchasing group.
Partner
" If the output type is found but no condition record that deals with the influencing factors, default parameters, known as print parameters, can be entered in the output type. If these parameters are entered, the system searches in the table "assign output devices for purchasing groups" for a defined printer.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Ordering: Unit Summary
You are now able to: ! Use the RFQ and quotation functionality ! Create outline agreements and contracts ! Understand the complexity of purchase orders
Only
Internal
! List the options for the optimizing process
Partner
! Describe the functions and steps involved in the release procedure for purchase requisitions and purchase documents ! Explain the various ways of determining output
Use
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Outline Agreements At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Understand the various kinds of contracts • Use central contracts
Only Partner
You have a contractual agreement with your vendor TS3## for the purchase of article TA05##. According to this agreement, you will buy 1000 pieces starting today and over a period of 2 years. The contract is valid for all sites in purchasing organization R300; there are different prices for two sites. Create a central quantity contract (agreement type MK).
Partner
1-1-1
Make sure you do not enter a site on the initial screen or overview screen.
Internal
SAP
SAP
1-1
Use
Use
In Purchasing, you want to optimize procedures and create the prerequisites for this in the system. In addition, you are looking for a way of storing pricing and other purchasing-related information that you need to procure particular items from a vendor.
Internal
• Create contract release orders
The following prices apply:
Only
General
145,00 USD
Site R311 145,00 USD + 100 USD freight (FRB1) Site R301 139,00 USD Contract no.: _______________________________________________
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1-2
Three of your sites require article TA05##. You want a contract release order with reference to your central contract. 1-2-1
Create a purchase order with reference to the contract and select the contract with your vendor TS3## .
1-2-2
Now create the contract release order: 20 pieces for DC R300, delivery in 4 weeks 12 pieces for store R311, delivery in 8 weeks 8 pieces for plant R301, delivery in 8 weeks Note PO number here: _______________________________ Display the purchase order. Which net prices does the system propose?
Internal
Only
1-2-3
R300: ____________________________________________ R311: ____________________________________________
Use
Partner
R301: ____________________________________________
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Purchase Order At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Convert purchase requisitions to purchase orders
Only Partner
You want to create purchase orders for vendors from the purchase requisitions. 2-1-1
First, check whether the necessary settings are made for the automatic conversion of purchase requisitions to purchase orders. In the article master, check settings for articles TA03## and TA04##. Also check settings for T7## in the site master, and vendor TS1## in the vendor master.
2-1-2
Create a purchase order by converting the purchase requisition created in Requirements Planning into a purchase order “Automatic via Purchase requisition”. In doing this, select purchasing organization R300, vendor TS1## and site T7##. First carry out a test run. When this is successful create your purchase order.
Partner
Internal
2-1
SAP
SAP
You now want to convert the purchase requisitions created in Requirements Planning into purchase orders.
Use
Use
Internal
• Use the control options for document types, item categories, and account assignment categories
Make a note of the number of the purchase order.
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PO no.: ______________________________________________
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2-1-3
To continue with the exercises for this unit, create a standard purchase order for DC T7## in storage location 0001 with the following data: Vendor Purchasing organization: Purchasing group: Delivery date Site Storage location
2-2
Document type 2-2-1
-
Purchasing organization
YES / NO?
-
Purchasing group
YES / NO?
-
Document type
YES / NO?
-
or company code
YES / NO?
Which number ranges are assigned to document type NB for number assignment for purchase orders (go to the IMG)? internal
Partner
Use
2-2-2
Which of these factors influences the number assignments purchasing documents?
SAP
SAP
PO number:_________________________________________
Use
Partner
Only
Note: Choose “New purchase order” if prompted Article TA03## PO quantity 100 car Article TA04## PO quantity 100 car
Internal
external
NB Purchase orders 2-2-3
Which item categories are allowed for document type NB? __________________________________________________
Only
Internal
TS1## R300 R30 Two weeks from today T7## 0001
__________________________________________________
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2-3
Properties of item categories 2-3-1
Find out which indicators are defined for item category Stock transfer. Internal representation (Itm Cat (int.) ): ________________________ External representation (Itm Cat (ext.) ) ________________________
2-3-2
Which properties are defined for the item category Stock transfer? Can or must: a) article masters be used
_______________________________
b) goods receipts be entered
_______________________________
Only
Give a reason for answer b): _________________________________________________________ 2-4
Settings for account assignment category Look at the settings for account assignment category C. Which predefined or default values does this contain for the indicators for goods receipt and invoice receipt? Goods receipt:
__________________________________________
Can account assignment category C be used in purchasing documents for Standard items
__________________________________________
Third party items __________________________________________
Only
Internal
Use
2-4-2
Partner
Invoice receipt: __________________________________________
SAP
SAP
2-4-1
Use
_________________________________________________________
Internal
d) are additional account assignments allowed for items of this item category? _______________________________
Partner
c) invoice receipts be entered _______________________________
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2-5
Field selection 2-5-1
How is a suitable field status definition determined? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________
2-5-2
Which field status definition can you used to change the field selection of all items of a purchase order (field selection reference key NBF) without affecting other item categories? ________________________________________________________ Which of the following fields for the field selection group are required or optional? Required
Internal
Only
2-5-3
Optional
Site Currency
Partner
Quantity Price/price unit
Use
Address
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Optimizing, Optimizing Quantity with a Rounding Profile At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Set up rounding profiles
Only Partner
3-1
In this exercise, you define dynamic rounding profiles and check their effect when you create purchase orders. First create a rounding rule with the number ##. The unit of measure rounding rule should be as follows: Log. unit of measure
% increase
% reduction
CAR
70
10
LAY
80
10
PAL
90
10
Partner
Use
3-1-1
SAP
SAP
As of now, you want to only order complete pallets from your vendor.
Create a dynamic rounding profile with the number RO## and description 'Dyn. rounding profile group ##'. You want to use this rounding profile to round quantities to order, sales, and logistics units of measure. Assign the rounding rule you just created to the profile.
3-1-3
Assign the rounding profile you just created to article TA03##, purchasing organization R300, and vendor TS1##. (Purchasing view for article) In the same view, activate the variable order unit.
3-1-4
Check whether the following units of measure are already assigned to article TA03##. If they are not, change the article data accordingly (basic data for the article). Select the unit Carton as the order unit.
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1 pallet
400 PC
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3-1-2
1 layer
Use
Internal
Internal
• Understand how rounding profiles work
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3-1-5
Enter a purchase order for DC T7## for article TA03## from vendor TS1##. Enter several items for the article each with different quantities and check whether the quantities are adjusted in line with your rounding profile. Quantity
Result
Result
(PC)
(PC)
(LAY/PAL)
365 306 311
Partner
3-2-2
In rounding profile R0##, define that the unit of measure group is checked for the vendor.
3-2-3
Assign the unit of measure group to vendor TS1## and article TA03##. (Purchasing view, article master)
3-2-4
Enter a new purchase order for this article for DC T7## from vendor TS1## and interpret the result: Result
Result
(PC)
(PC)
(CAR/LAY/PAL)
311 _________________________________________________ 3-2-5
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Only
Internal
Quantity
Partner
Check whether the following unit of measure groups exist (in Alt. Unit of measure column): CAR (carton) PAL (pallet) If they do not, create the group using number 90##.
SAP
3-2-1
Use
SAP
Unit of measure groups
Use
3-2*
Reverse the changes made in exercise 3-1-3 if you do not want to continue with exercise 3-2.
Internal
Only
3-1-6
Reverse the changes made in exercises 3-1-3 and 3-2-3.
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Optimizing with Restriction Profiles At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
Partner
Setting up a restriction profile For the delivery of large quantities, you agreed to outline conditions with your vendor for the optimizing of purchase orders. First create a restriction profile with the name RP##. Enter the description ‘Restr. profile gr.##’.
3-3-2
The effect of the restriction profile should be that you always order at least 2,000 LB and no more than 20,000 LB (gross weight). However, you can fall below the minimum weight by 15%.
3-3-3
Assign restriction profile RP## to vendor TS1##.
3-3-4
Enter 2 purchase orders for DC T7##, storage location 0001 for vendor TS1## (purchasing organization R300, purchasing group R30):
2nd purchase order: Delivery date 20. of next month Article TA04## Quantity 80 CAR PO number: _________________________________________________
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1st purchase order: Delivery date 15. of next month Article TA03## Quantity 60 CAR PO number: _________________________________________________
Partner
3-3-1
Internal
3-3
SAP
SAP
You have agreed with some vendors that you want to order minimum quantities or fill complete trucks for a purchase order.
Use
Use
Internal
Only
• Set up restriction profiles
3-3-5
Check whether the purchase orders you created already meet the restriction profile. On the selection screen, ensure that the flag is set in the field “Include POs”. If the requirements are not yet met, increase the order quantity of article TA04## by 20 CAR and bundle the orders for the earliest possible delivery date. Make a note of the collective number that is assigned: _________________________________________________
3-3-6
Check the delivery date of your purchase orders. 1st purchase order: 2nd purchase order:
Internal
_________________________________________________ 3-3-7
Was a delivery date changed ? _________________________________________________
Partner
Only
_________________________________________________
Why was it changed ?
Use
_________________________________________________
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Release Procedure, Terms and Concepts At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Define important terms relating to the release procedure
Only
• Explain the basic characteristics of the release procedure
SAP
Define the following terms in your own words 4-1-1
Release code: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
4-1-2
Partner
Use
4-1
SAP
Release indicator: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
4-1-3
Release prerequisites: _________________________________________________
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
You want to introduce the release procedure. First, however, you want to understand the basic terms and concepts.
Internal
• Map the current release/approvals method in your company to the R/3 System
_________________________________________________ 4-1-4
Release strategy: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
4-1-5
Release conditions: _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
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4-2
The aim of the release procedure in the SAP System is to replace handwritten approvals by online approvals. Briefly describe the release/approvals procedure in place in your company. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ A user in your company creates a purchase requisition. An item in this purchase requisition must be approved, that is to say, released. How is the status of the purchase requisition affected if the required approval is not given? ________________________________________________________________
Internal
________________________________________________________________
Use
Partner
Only
4-3
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Release Procedure, Releasing Purchase Requisitions and Purchase Orders At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Describe the functions and steps involved in the release procedure
Only
• By looking at the current system setup, describe how the Customizing settings for the release procedure are maintained
4-4
New purchase requisition
On the details view for the items, check whether your purchasing group really was assigned. If not, overwrite the R30 with your group number R50+##. Save your entries. PReq. no: ______________________________________________ 4-4-2
Display a list of the items in your purchase requisition. In doing this, use your purchasing group R50+## as a selection criterion. Find out the following information on the release status of your purchase requisition items: Release indicator: _________________________________________________________ Release strategy: _________________________________________________________ Release points/codes (final relase): _________________________________________________________
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Only
Internal
Create a purchase requisition for articles TA05## and TA06## for site R300. On the initial screen, enter purchasing group R50+## and the requirement tracking number IRT330. In four weeks, you need 100 pieces of each article for DC R300.
Partner
Use
4-4-1
SAP
SAP
Use
Partner
You want to have purchase requisitions over a certain value released by various people before the required articles can be ordered. You can use the release procedure to achieve this.
Internal
• Release purchase requisitions
4-5
Find out about the Customizing settings for the release procedure for purchase requisitions (with classification). 4-5-1
Read the documentation for the IMG activity for the node Set up procedure with classification.
4-5-2
As a result of which criteria was release strategy RT assigned to your purchase requisition item? Criteria: ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Only
Which release point can release the document without a prerequisite? Release point: 4-5-4
What prerequisites must be met before release point R2 can release a purchase requisition item? Prerequisite: ______________________________________________________
Approve the purchase requisition items for your purchasing group R50+## that are waiting to be released. Release them for the sending of inquiries using release code R1.
Choose the Collective release function. Be sure that you enter only your purchase requisition for processing. If you do not do this, you could release the purchase requisitions of all other course participants.
Only
4-6-1
Which release code did you use for the release? Release code: ______________________________________________________
4-6-2
Once the document has been released, look at how the release indicator and the release status of your purchase requisition item have changed. Release indicator: ______________________________________________________ Release status: ______________________________________________________
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Use
4-6
SAP
SAP
Partner
______________________________________________________
Use
Internal
Look at the settings for the release prerequisites.
Internal
4-5-3
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Customizing At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
Partner
In your company, users must enter requirement tracking numbers for all purchase requisitions. You need a new release strategy and a new release code for purchase requisitions that were created with the requirement tracking number IRT330-##.You must therefore define a new release strategy for purchase requisitions. First define your own release code ## called “Group ##”for release group 01.
4-7-2
Define the new release strategy ## called “Group ##”. This should also be assigned to release group 01.
4-7-3
Assign release code ## to your release strategy. Confirm the release prerequisites and statuses proposed by the system.
4-7-4
Define the following criteria for your release strategy:
Partner
4-7-1
Internal
*4-7
Only
Choose Classification to enter the values for the release criteria. Account assignment category (empty) Merchandise category: Electricals Site: R300 Purchasing group: Requirement tracking number: Total value of item: Purch. requisition doc. type:
R50+## RT330-## > 10000 NB
Save your release strategy.
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SAP
Your company wants to understand the Customizing activities for release procedures. You have therefore decided to configure a new release procedure for purchase requisitions.
Use
Use
• Create a purchase requisition that is subject to your new strategy
Internal
Only
• Set up a simple release procedure by creating new release codes and a release strategy
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*4-8
Create a purchase requisition for article TA05## to test your new release strategy. On the initial screen, enter purchasing group R50+## and the requirement tracking number IRT330-##. In four weeks, you need 100 pieces of each article for DC R300. Look at whether a release strategy was assigned to the purchase requisition. 4-8-1
Which strategy was assigned? _________________________________________________________ Save your purchase requisition. PReq. no:
Release your purchase requisition using the Individual release function. Use release code ##.
Use
Partner
*4-9
Internal
Only
_________________________________________________________
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Ordering Topic: Output/Message Determination At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Check the settings for output determination in Purchasing
Only Partner
5-1
Message determination schema 5-1-1
SAP
SAP
In your project team, it is your job to test output determination and set up any required changes.
Which message determination schema is assigned to purchasing document category ‘Purchase order’? ______________________________________________________ Is new message determination triggered for printing change messages?
Partner
5-1-2
______________________________________________________
Internal
5-1-3
Which message types are assigned to the schema? Which conditions are checked for these message types? ______________________________________________________
Only
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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Use
Use
In your company, either two copies of a message are output on a printer (one copy for the vendor and one for the buyer), or (in the case of “special” vendors only) the message is sent to the vendor by fax, with the buyer copy being printed out.
Internal
• Define a new message type and make the necessary Customizing settings
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5-2
Message types 5-2-1
Look at message type NEU. Which access sequence is used for this message type? ______________________________________________________
5-2-2
Are conditions accessed for this message type?
_____________
Which indicator controls printer determination?
_____________
Which output operations is this message type used for? Note: see short text.
Access sequences 5-3-1
Look at the details screen for the access sequence for message type NEU. In what order are the message records accessed in this access sequence (= sequence of condition tables)? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Use
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Internal
5-3-3
Select the third condition table ("Message determination Purchasing: Document type") and look at the message record (condition record) for message type NEU and document type NB. Make a note of the following data for this message record:
Partner
For which key combinations can you maintain message records for message type NEU? Compare the key combinations with the access sequence.
SAP
Under master data in the (application) menu for Purchasing, call up the function for changing message records for purchase orders.
SAP
5-3-2
Use
Partner
5-3
Internal
Only
______________________________________________________
Transmission medium: ___________________________________
Only
Time: ________________________________________________ Output device: _________________________________________ Print immediately? ______________________________________
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5-3-4
Look at the message output for your purchase order created in exercise 2-1-3 for the topic Purchase Order. Choose changing the purchase order. What information is displayed for this message on the details screen for the communication data? Transmission medium: ___________________________________ Time: ________________________________________________ Output device: _________________________________________ Why was a message created for this purchase order? From which message record (condition record) do these details come from? You can check these details using determination analysis.
5-4
New message type 5-4-1
For purchase orders transmitted by fax, you need a copy for your files. Define new message type CP## for this copy. Which transmission medium is defined for message type CP##?
Use
______________________________________________________ Describe how this new message type for purchase orders is included.
SAP
______________________________________________________
SAP
Partner
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Partner
______________________________________________________
Use
Internal
Only
______________________________________________________
Only
Internal
______________________________________________________
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Outline Agreements
Partner SAP
•
If the term Retailing is written before a path, you are in the SAP Retailing menu, the SAP Retail application menu (transaction W10M). You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Logistics → Retailing
•
If the term IMG is written before a path, you are in the Implementation Guide of the R/3 System, where you can make Customizing settings. You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit project → Display SAP Reference IMG (F5) or the transaction SPRO → F5
SAP Partner
Retail: Purchase order → Outline agreement → Contract → Create 1-1-1
Choose vendor TS3##, contract type MK, purchasing organization R300, purchasing group R30. If the system asks you for a company code, enter R300. The end of the period is 2 years from today.
Only
Internal
Use
You are on the SAP Retail initial screen (transaction W10T). You should enter this transaction as the start menu in your user parameters.: System → User profile → Own data, on the 'Defaults' view, enter ‘W10T’ as the StartMenu.
Use
1-1
•
Enter a general price 145 for the net price of article TA05## in the item overview. To enter the conditions for store R311, choose Edit → Site conditions → Overview in the item overview screen. Enter store R311, and choose [Enter]. Enter a net price of 145 for store R311. Choose Item → Conditions to enter the freight (condition type FRB1). Do not save yet. Choose [Back]. Proceed in the same way for distribution center R301. Important: Create each item with Reference to the contract. Save your entries once you have entered the conditions for both sites.
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Only
The Solutions are based on the following assumptions:
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1-2
Retail: Purchase order → Purchase order → Create → Vendor/supplying site known 1-2-1
Choose Document overview. Choose Selection variant and then Contracts, select according to your vendors. [Execute]
1-2-2
Select your contract and choose [Adopt]. The data from your contract should now be copied to your PO item. Enter the quantity, delivery date, and first site.
1-2-3
Which net prices does the system propose?
Internal
R300: 145 R311: 145 but: tabstrip Conditions because of freight R301: 139
Use
Partner
Only
Choose Adopt again for the two other sites.
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Purchase Order
2-1
Partner
Site Retail: Master data → Site data → Site → Change DC T7##, tab Purchasing Field Automatic purchase order
Field name or type of data
Values
Purch. organization
R300
Vendor
TS1##
Site
T7##
Test run
!
Program → Execute Double click on Test run successful to display the numbers of the purchase requisitions found; 2x[Back] Select Test run box and Program → Execute 2x[Back]
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Internal
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Purchase order → Create→ Automat. via PReq
Partner
Use
2-1-2
SAP
Vendor Retail: Master data → Vendor data → Edit vendor → Vendor → Change Vendor TD1##, Purchasing data Field Auto. PO
Use
SAP
Article Retail: Master data → Article data → Article → Change Article TA03##, TA04##, Logistics DC view T7## Field group Automatic control parameters, Field Autmo. PO.
Internal
Only
2-1-1
2-1-3
Create purchase order: Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Purchase order → Create → Vendor/supplying site known
Values
Vendor
TS1##
Purch. organization
R300
Purchasing group
R30
Delivery date
Two weeks from today
Site
T7##
Articles
TA03##
Order qty
25
Unit
Car
Articles
TA04##
Order qty
100
Unit
Car
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Purchase order → Display Enter the number of the purchase order [Enter] 2x[Back] Purchase order → Message → Message output; Field name or type of data
Values
Document number
Number of the purchase order
Application
EF
Only
Internal
Values
Program → Execute Select item and Goto → Display output, 3x [Back]
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Partner
2-1-3
Field name or type of data
SAP
SAP
Partner
[Enter]
Use
Use
Field name or type of data
Internal
Only
or using Planning workbench: Retail: Purchasing → Planning → Planning workbench → Settings or applications
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2-2
Document type 2-2-1
In the standard system, number assignment for the purchasing documents is dependent on the document type, but not the: -
IMG → Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase order → Configure document types internal
external
Purchase orders
45
41
Item category
Item category text
Internal
Only
2-2-2
purchasing organization purchasing group or company code
2-2-3
SAP Use
K
Consignment
L
Subcontracting
S
Third party
T
Text
D
Service
Properties of item categories 2-3-1
Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Define external display of item categories. Internal display: External display:
2-3-2
7 U
Article masters are required.
Invoice receipts must be entered as the indicator "RE" cannot be changed in the order item. Additional account assignment is allowed, but not mandatory.
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Only
Goods receipts must be entered for stock transfer items as this is the only way the stocks can automatically be posted from the SAP System as “consumption”.
Partner
Internal
Limit
SAP
2-3
B
Use
Partner
Standard
2-4
Settings for account assignment category 2-4-1
Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Account assignment → Maintain account assignment categories. Goods receipt: A goods receipt is linked with an order item, but the indicator is changeable. The indicator for non-valuated goods receipt is not selected, but can be. Invoice receipt: An invoice receipt is linked with an order item, but the indicator is changeable.
Partner
In our training system, account assignment category C can be used for standard items, but not for third party items. 2-5
Field selection 2-5-1
The assignments is defined for the relevant document type. IMG → Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase order → Configure document types
2-5-2
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase Order → Define screen structure at document level. Field selection reference key: NBF
Required Site
Partner
Use
Optional X
Currency
X
Quantity
X
Price/price unit
X
Address
X
Only
Internal
SAP
2-5-3
Use
SAP
Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Account → Define combination of item categories and account assignment categories.
Internal
Only
2-4-2
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Optimizing, Optimizing Quantity with a Rounding Profile 3-1
Rounding profiles
Partner
% increase
% reduction
CAR
70
10
LAY
80
10
PAL
90
10
3-1-3
Retail: Master data → Article data → Article → Change Purchasing organization R300 "Purchasing" view Tabstrip: Data per vendor/POrg/Site Rounding profile: RO## Tabstrip: General data per vendor. Variable order unit: 1
3-1-4
Retail: Master data → Article data → Article → Change “Basic data” view
Use
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Quantity Optimizing → Rounding Profiles Do NOT enter a site, Button [Dynamic] Rounding method: 2 Rounding rule: ##
80 PC
1 pallet
400 PC
Quantity
Result
Result
(PC)
(PC)
(LAY/PAL)
365
400
1 PAL
306
320
4 LAY
311
320
4 LAY
Only
1 layer
Partner
3-1-2
SAP
SAP
Log. unit of measure
Use
Internal
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Quantity Optimizing → Unit of measure rounding rules
Internal
Only
3-1-1
3-1-5
3-1-6
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Retail: Master data → Article data → Article → Change "Purchasing" view Deselect rounding profile Deactivate variable order unit Save your entries IRT330
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Unit of measure groups IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Quantity Optimizing → Unit of measure groups [new entries]
3-2-2
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Quantity Optimizing → Rounding profiles Enter PO##, [Change] Activate "Check vendor" field
3-2-3
Retail: Master data → Article data → Article → Change “Purchasing” view Tabstrip: Data per vendor/POrg/site
3-2-4
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order, Purchase order → Create → Vendor/supplying site known Result
(PC)
(PC)
(CAR/LAY/PAL)
311
320
16 CAR
With a quantity of 311 PC, it is not possible to round to a pallet (see exercise 3-1-5). Rounding to layers is not possible either now, as the layer is not contained in the unit of measure group. Therefore the quantity is ordered in cartons. Same as solution 3-1-6
Partner Only
Internal
Use
SAP
Result
SAP
3-2-5
Quantity
Use
Partner
3-2-1
Internal
Only
3-2
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Optimizing with Restriction Profiles
Set up a restriction profile
3-3-2
Select RP## and choose [Profiles for optimized load building] [New entries]
Save your entries Assignment to vendor Retail: Master data → Vendor Vendor → Vendor → Change → Purchasing (current) Enter vendor TS1## and POrg R300, select purchasing data, [Return] Enter the restriction profile on the "Conditions" view
3-3-4
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order, Purchase order → Create → Vendor/supplying site known
Only
Internal
Save your entries
1st purchase order: Delivery date 15. of next month [Return] Article TA03## Quantity 60 CAR Save your entries 2nd purchase order: Delivery date 20. of next month [Return] Article TA04## Quantity 80 CAR Save your entries
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Partner
Use
3-3-3
SAP
Internal restriction Weight (gross) Internal restriction category Minimum/Maximum Weight restriction 2000 / 20,000 Weight unit LB OO tolerance 15 (for minimum) After entering a minimum, choose Goto → Next entry to enter the maximum values
Use
Partner
Restriction profile IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Order Optimizing → Load Building → Maintain restriction profiles for load building, [New entries]
SAP
3-3-1
Internal
Only
3-3
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3-3-5
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order, Order optimizing → Load building → Manual load building Enter the vendor and site, [Execute] or F8 Select the displayed purchase orders and [Return] A traffic light icon is displayed indicating whether the restrictions are met. If they are not, increase the order quantity of article TA04## by 20 CAR Select the second purchase order and [Change PO] Increase order quantity by 20
3-3-6
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order, Purchase order → Display 1st purchase order: Date unchanged 2nd purchase order: same date as first purchase order
3-3-7
The date of the second purchase order was changed Order optimizing creates the same delivery date in all purchase orders.
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
… and create a load from your purchase orders for the earliest possible delivery date. Select both purchase orders and [Return] → Traffic light turns green Enter delivery date in the header (15th of next month) Save your entries.
Internal
Only
Save your entries
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Release Procedure, Terms and Concepts
Help → SAP Library → Logistics → MM Materials Management → MM Purchasing → Release procedure 4-2
If an item was not approved an inquiry or purchase order cannot be created, for example.
4-3
Help → SAP Library → Logistics → MM Materials Management → MM Purchasing → Release procedure
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
Use the SAP Library to find information on the definitions:
Internal
Only
4-1
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Release Procedure, Releasing Purchase Requisitions and Purchase Orders 4-4
Retail: Purchasing → Requirements planning → Purchase requisition → Create in 4 weeks R300 R50+## IRT330 100 pieces 100 pieces
[Save] [Execute] 4-4-2
Use
Retail: Purchasing→ Requirements planning→ Purchase requisition → List display→ General Select only your purchasing group R50+##
SAP
[Execute]
SAP
Partner
Delivery date: Site: Purchasing group: Requirement number: TA05## TA06##
Internal
Only
4-4-1
Release indicator:
S (locked)
Release strategy:
RT
Partner
Use
Select a PReq number in the list and choose Goto → Release strategy.
Only
Internal
Release points / codes: R1, R2
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4-5
Customizing settings 4-5-1
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase requisition → Release procedure Choose Documentation for IMG activity next to the node Set up procedure with classification.
4-5-2
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase requisition → Release procedure → Set up procedure with classification Choose Release strategy. Choose strategy RT. Criteria: Account assignment category = empty Merchandise category = Electricals and others Purchasing group = R50+## and others Requirement message number = IRT330 Total value of item = > 10000 USD Document type = Purchase requisition
4-5-3
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase requisition → Release procedure → Set up procedure with classification
SAP
Choose Release strategy.
Partner
Choose strategy RT.
Use
SAP
Partner
Site: R300
Use
Choose Release prerequisites. Release point R1 can release the object without prerequisites. 4-5-4
Prerequisite: R1 must release before R2 can release.
Only
Internal
Internal
Only
Choose Classification.
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4-6
PReq → Release → Collective release
Use purchasing group R50+## as the selection criterion. If you do not do this, you could release the purchase requisitions of all other course participants. Enter release code R1 and purchasing group R50+##. [Execute]
Release code:
R1
4-6-2
Select all items and choose List → Save release Release indicator: A Release status: fixes inquiry
Use
Partner
4-6-1
Internal
Only
Select the purchase requisitions in the list and choose [Save].
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Document Release Procedure Topic: Customizing
*4-7
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Purchase requisition → Release procedure → Set up procedure with classification
Only
Choose Release code.
Internal
4-7-1
Choose New entries. 4-7-2
Choose Release strategy. Enter release group 01 and release strategy ##.
4-7-3
Enter release code ##.
Use
Choose Release prerequisites and Release statuses to confirm. 4-7-4 4-8
Choose Classification.
SAP
SAP
Partner
Choose New entries.
Retail: Purchasing → Requirements planning → Purchase requisition → Create 4-8-1
Choose Goto → Release info → Release strategy to look at the strategy.
Use
Retail: Purchasing → Requirements planning → Purchase requisition → Release → Individual release Enter the number of your purchase requisition and release code ##. Choose [Enter]. On the next screen, select the item and choose [Release and save]
Only
Internal
4-9
Partner
Strategy ## was assigned.
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Solutions Unit: Ordering Topic: Output Determination
5-1
Message determination schema
No
5-1-3
... → Maintain message determination schema: PO NEU MAHN AUFB ACE1 NEUS
5-2
Condition 101 Condition 103 Condition 107 Condition Condition 101
Message types 5-2-1
Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Message types → Define message types for purchase orders → ... ... → Maintain message types: Purchase order Access sequence 0001 Condition access: Yes The printer is determined via the purchasing group indicator.
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... → Fine-tuned controls Purchase order Output operations 1 (new) and 2 (change)
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Only
5-2-2
Partner
Use
5-1-2
SAP
SAP
Partner
... → Assign schema RMBEF1
Use
Internal
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Message determination schema → Define message determination schema for purchase order → ...
Internal
Only
5-1-1
5-3
Access sequences 5-3-1
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Access sequences → Define access sequences for purchase orders. Output determination Purchasing: POrg./vendor for EDI Output determination Purchasing: Doc. type/POrg./Vendor Output determination Purchasing: Document type
5-3-3
Button [Communication] Transmission medium Time: Output device: Indicator for immediate output:
1 3 xxxx no
Transmission medium: Time: Output device:
Printout 3 xxxx
SAP
SAP
5-3-4
POrg./vendor for EDI Doc. type/POrg./vendor Document type
Use
Partner
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Master data → Output → Purchase order → Change You can maintain access sequence 0001 for the condition records in the four condition tables dependent on ...
Internal
Only
5-3-2
Message record (condition record) for document type NB
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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5-4
New message type 5-4-1
Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Message types → Define message types for purchase orders → ... ... → Maintain message type: Purchase order Copy message type NEU and define transmission medium telefax as the default. ... → Fine-tuned control Make an entry for print operation 1 and message type CP##.
Only Partner SAP
SAP
Assign an output program and form for the output. Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Forms for Messages → Assign forms and output programs for purchase order. Copy the entry for message type NEU and medium 2.
Use
Maintain the permitted partner roles for your message type CP##. Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Partner roles per message type → Define partner roles for purchase order. Include at least one new entry for partner role LF and medium 2.
Internal
Maintain message determination schema RMBEF1. Choose Materials Management → Purchasing → Messages → Output control → Message determination schema → Define message determination schema for purchase orders → Maintain message determination schema: PO. Make an entry for example with step 55 and counter ## for message type CP##. Take account of requirement 101.
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Subsequent Settlement
Contents: ! Subsequent Settlement
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Subsequent Settlement: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: ! Understand the process of subsequent settlement ! Create rebate arrangements and perform settlement accounting for them
Only
Internal
! Understand and monitor the updating of business volumes
Use
Partner
! Make the required system settings
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Partner
Course Overview Requirements Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor Evaluation
Use
1 2 3 4 5 6
Internal
Only
Course Overview Diagram
Conclusion
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Subsequent Settlement: Business Scenario
! Conditions that are due at the end of a particular period and granted by vendors depending on the business volume generated, for example, are defined as rebate arrangements in the system and must be settled with the vendor retroactively (subsequently).
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Overview
Create/maintain rebate arrangement
Negotiations with vendors
From 01.01.
Bus. volume of 20000 or more: 1 % rebate
Provision
?
Invoice or
Business volume update
Once business volume is updated
Business volume comparison
Settlement
to 31.12
Use
Partner
Goods receipt or
Internal
Only
Purch. order
Credit memo
" During the validity period for a rebate arrangement, business volumes are updated for each condition. Business volumes can be updated on the basis of warehouse transactions (purchase orders, goods receipt, invoice verification) and agency transactions (vendor billing document, single settlement request). The date of the update is used as the basis for settlement. " If interim or partial settlement is carried out, at the end of the validity period of an arrangement the remuneration for the due conditions is calculated and posted in Accounting. Business volume accumulated in this period and not yet settled is taken into account.
SAP Use
" If you and your vendor have agreed a business volume comparison, the business volumes recorded by you and your vendor are compared before final settlement is performed. If discrepancies are found, a mutually acceptable value is agreed on. This agreed value is then used as the basis for final settlement.
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Only
Internal
" The rebate arrangements and all of the subsequent conditions agreed with the condition granter are entered in the system so that they can be settled automatically on the agreed dates.
Partner
" A rebate arrangement is used to group together agreements relating to conditions due at the end of a period. These conditions are valid for a particular period (such as fiscal year), and are settled at regular intervals. Conditions due at the end of a period are settled subsequently with the vendor.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Prerequisites
Vendor Vendor
Subs.sett. BVol comp.
Article Article
Arrangement No settlem.
Arrangement
Only Partner
Condition granter Currency Validity Bus. vol. comparison Conditions
Settlement type
Settlem. doc.
Internal
Arrang. type
Customizing: Arrangement type
Settlement calendar Arrangement calendar Condition type group
Use
Condition tables Condition types Access sequences
Partner determin. procedure Time of update for statistics
•
Arrangement and settlement calendar The arrangement calendar defined the duration of arrangements and controls the extension of arrangements. The settlement calendar defines the times at which partial settlement takes place.
•
Condition type group The condition type group defines which conditions, including access sequences for condition tables, can be used for an arrangement type.
•
Settlement type The settlement type controls whether an arrangement in Purchasing is settled on the credit or debit side, and whether settlement accounting is performed at site or purchasing organization level. Credit-side settlement means that the vendor issued one or more credit memos for the Purchasing department (vendor billing documents are used as the settlement document). Debitside settlement means that the Purchasing department issues one or more billing documents to the vendor (SD billing documents are used as the settlement document).
SAP Use
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Internal
" An arrangement must be assigned to an arrangement type. The arrangement type is set in Customizing and defined various characteristics of the arrangement. The arrangement type contains default values and control parameters such as:
Partner
" The Subseq. settlement indicator must be selected in the vendor master record before rebate arrangements can be created and settled for the vendor. The No settlem. must be deselected in the article master record.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Conditions in Period-Specific Arrangements Arrangement Arrangement type: Condition granter: Currency: Validity: Settlement:
Article rebate R3000 USD 01.01. - 31.12. Quarterly
Main condition
Only
1% 1% 2% 3%
2) R100001 5% Validity 01.04. - 30.09.
Period-spec. condit. 01.01. - 31.03. 3% 01.04. - 30.06. 2% ... Period-spec. condit. 01.01. – 31.03. 0% 01.04. - 30.06. 5% 01.07. - 30.09. 6% ...
Use
Partner
Scales as of 1000 USD as of 2000 USD as of 3000 USD
Internal
1) R100000
" An arrangement is always settled using the main condition.
Only
SAP Use Internal
" A main condition can be scaled and/or settled periodically. Periodic settlement is only possible if the a settlement calendar is assigned to an arrangement. The settlement calendar defined the times at which partial settlement takes place. Partial settlements are used to take advantage of payment reductions.
Partner
" When you create a period-specific condition, the main conditions are defined at the highest level. A main condition relates to an individual agreement within an arrangement. Each main condition contains a remuneration (such as a fixed amount or percentage) and is assigned to a condition type.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Condition Technique and Account Determination (1/2) 0004 Rebate Access sequences
Condition types
A001 Rebate A002 Material rebate ... Schema RM5000
Condition tables
Only Partner
Settlement schema
Vendor Vendor
POrg POrg
Schema group
Schema group
Internal
Upper and lower limits for condition types
Schema determination
Use
Account determination
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Condition Technique and Account Determination (2/2) Accounting
Calculation schema RM5000
A
..
SCBC
Basis
X
100
A001
Rebate
X
B02
B01
200
A002
Material rebate
X
B02
B01
300
A003
Hierarchy rebate
X
B02
B01
% rebate, prior vend.
X
B02
B01
Settled income
X
B02
B01
400
AV01
799
S000
800
9
Debits
Debits
B01 B02
884000 884000
884000 884000
Net income MWST
999
VST
Input tax Gross income
Company code R300 G/L account 884000
Tax category: Posting without tax allowed:
Input tax only X
Financial accounting
" The following condition types must be included in the settlement schema for subsequent settlement: SBCB
as basis
•
S000
for adding together partial and interim settlements
•
MWST for tax (for example)
•
This makes the billing document readable.
Partner
•
SAP
SAP
ActKy
Use
Use
XX
Chart of accounts GKR
SAP AG 2001
" If provisions are made for accrued income, you must assign account key B01 in the settlement schema. Account key B02 is used to settle incomes.
Only
Internal
B
XX
ActKy Accrls
0
900
Partner
. . . Stat D SubTo
Internal
Only
Level Cond.type Description
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Business Volume Update
Goods receipt 100 pc R100000
+
Purch. order Vendor R3000 100 pc R100000 Settlem. Invoice Vendor R3000 100 pc R100000 1USD/pc
Accounting doc. GR/IR 100,00 Stock account 100,00
Conditions PB00 100.00 A001 0%
Provision
Business volume update Period Arrangem.
Vendor
POrg
...
R3000
R300
99
Accruals value Bus. vol. 100.00USD
Use
... ...
SAP AG 2001
SAP
SAP
Partner
Purch.order Vendor R3000 100 pc R100000 1 USD/pc
+
Purch.info record Vendor R3000 Article R100000 No settlem.
Internal
Only
Arrangem. no. 99 Vendor R3000 01.01. - 31.12. CType A001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Business Volume Comparison
Partial/final settlement
Bus. vol. comp. Bus. vol. statistics Mat. 1: 2450.00 Mat. 5: 3800.00 Mat. 8: 1620.00
Vendor statistics Agreed value 1615.00
Mat. 1: 2450.00 Mat. 5: 3800.00 Mat. 8: 1610.00
Use
Partner
Bus. vol. comp.
Internal
Only
Arrangement Cond.granter BVol. comp.
Settlement basis
" If you and your vendor have agreed to compare business volumes, the 'Business volume comparison' indicator must be selected in the arrangement. " If you and your vendor have agreed to compare business volumes for final settlement, and the 'Business volume comparison' indicator is selected in the arrangement, the system does not allow settlement accounting to be performed until the business volume comparison has been carried out.
SAP Use
" If your business volume data and that of your vendor are the same, you should not save the business volume comparison. Instead, you should deselect the 'Business volume comparison' in the arrangement. Because of the large volume of data involved in the settlement run, the system requires a longer runtime and more memory capacity if you save the business volume comparison.
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Only
Internal
" If your business volume data and that of the vendor are not the same, you can enter an agreed value. The agreed value is then used as the basis for settlement.
Partner
" The business volume generated with the vendor is constantly updated for subsequent settlement. At the same time, the vendor records the amount of business volume generated. These two values may not be the same. The business volume comparison is used to locate discrepancies in these values and allow a value acceptable to both parties to be agreed before final settlement is performed, thereby avoiding the need for corrections at a later date.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Settlement
Validity of arrangement
Settlement
01.01.
31.12.
Partial settlement
Final settlement
● Settlement document (credit memo)
● Settlement document (credit memo)
● Settlement list ● Lock affected condition records ● Arrangement status: Settlement doc. created ● statistical distribution of income at plant level
● Inclusion of scales ● Settlement list ● Lock condition records Deactivation of business volume update ● Arrangement status: Final settlement carried out
Use
Partner
Final settlement
Internal
Only
Partial settlement Interim settlement
● statistical distribution of income at plant level
SAP Use
" There are two kinds of arrangements: those for which settlement accounting is performed once only, and those for which settlement accounting is performed periodically. Rebate arrangements for which settlement accounting is performed once only are settled on final end date of the arrangement. Arrangements that are settled periodically are settled at intervals and finally according to the periods defined in the arrangement calendar.
" Final settlement is the complete settlement of an arrangement once it has ceased to be valid, and takes account of partial and interim settlements already carried out. Successfully created settlements are posted automatically in Accounting. " Each settlement is documented in a settlement list.
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Only
" Partial settlement is the settlement of one of these period-specific arrangements when the settlement date falls before the final date for the arrangement. During partial settlement for an arrangement, the condition records are locked and the arrangement is assigned the status Accounting document was created.
Partner
Internal
" Settlement accounting for an arrangement can be performed when conditions are due and update data is available for the due conditions.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Extending an Arrangement Arrangem. calendar Arrangement no. 10 01.01.99
Business volume update
!
Arrangement extension
Final settlement
Activation of business volume update
Arrangement no. 34 Deactivation of business volume update
01.01.00
Business volume update
Use
Partner
31.12.99
Internal
Only
01.01.99
31.12.01
Arrang.type: 1000 Arrangement calendar: AJ Validity: 01.01.- 31.12.99
31.12.00
" To be able to extend an arrangement, an arrangement calendar must be assigned to the relevant arrangement type in Customizing. The arrangement calendar defines the duration of an arrangement and controls the extension of arrangements; the timeframes for extending arrangements are defined in the arrangement calendar. " You can use the Extend arrangement function to create an arrangement with a new validity period. The start date of the new arrangement is one day after the final date of the original arrangement. The final date of the new arrangement is determined by the arrangement calendar.
SAP Use
" An arrangement must be extended in good time before the first purchase order for the new arrangement period, so that business volume data can be entered correctly. " If you want to stop extending an arrangement, you can delete the arrangement calendar from the last valid arrangement by selecting the Remove arrangement calendar function in arrangement maintenance (Extras menu). If you then decide later that you do want to extend the arrangement after all, you can include the arrangement calendar in the arrangement again in the same way. " You can display the extended instances of an arrangement.
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Only
Internal
" Arrangements can be extended if you want the conditions of the arrangements to continue to apply for a new validity period.
Partner
" Arrangements are often agreed with a vendor for a relatively long period of time, such as a number of years, and in some cases are open-ended. However, these still need to be created in the system for a manageable period of time, such as one year.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Retrospective Compilation of Statistics
Arrangement 01.01. - 31.12.
01.01.
Purch. order GR, IR
Purch. order GR, IR
Purch. order GR, IR Automatic updating
Retrospective compilation of statistics
Internal
Only
31.12.
Partner
Retrospective compilation of statistics Vendor master:
Subs. settlement Subs. settlement index
PO item:
Settlement
Report RWMBON08 (update run, version 000): compil. of info structures S015, S074
Use
SAP Use
" If you know that you will have to carry out retrospective compilation of business volume statistics for a vendor, you should select the Subs.settlement index indicator for this vendor in the vendor master. If you do this, the relevant data is logged in an index when you create a purchase order. You should only select this indicator if you are sure that retrospective compilation of statistics is needed, as otherwise the volume of data will be unnecessarily high.
Only
Internal
" Vendor business volume is updated to the statistics records of info structures S015 and S075 when purchase orders and goods receipts are entered and during invoice verification if conditions for subsequent settlement were taken into account during price determination for this. Retrospective compilation is possible for these statistics.
Partner
" The retrospective compilation of statistics is needed if the valid-from date of the arrangement is earlier than the date on which the arrangement is entered. In this case, all purchase orders entered before the entry date of the arrangement must be treated as though the arrangement conditions existed when the purchase orders were entered.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" The retrospective compilation of statistics uses report RWMBON08, which you can start by choosing Master data→ Subsequent settlement → Special functions→ Retrospective comp. of statistics. The report updates vendor business volumes in info structures S015 and S074. " If you do not select the Settlement index indicator in the vendor master record in time, you can carry out retrospective compilation of the index structure.
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Subsequent Settlement: Unit Summary
You are now able to: ! Enter conditions that are due at the end of a period (rather than immediately) as arrangements in the system.
Only
Internal
! Identify scaled and period-specific arrangement conditions. ! Differentiate between arrangements that relate to individual articles or one vendor.
Use
Partner
! Create arrangements for which settlement accounting is performed for a specific duration and at particular intervals.
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Subsequent Settlement
Define a new arrangement type
•
Create an arrangement with a vendor
•
Perform partial and final settlement
You make an arrangement with your vendor for a discount on all articles you procure from that vendor. In the arrangement, you define that some of the rebate is settled periodically (monthly), and the rest at the end of the year.
SAP
1-1-2
Copy existing arrangement type 1000. Name your arrangement type ‘ZA##’, description “Group ##”.
1-1-3
The validity period should be proposed according to the arrangement calendar. The arrangement calendar is ‘AJ’. What entries do you need to make? _________________________________________________
1-1-4
How do you define that the arrangement is updated at the time of goods receipt?
Only
Internal
First look at the various arrangement types maintained in Customizing.
Partner
1-1-1
_________________________________________________ 1-1-5
You want it to be possible for the validity periods of the conditions in the arrangement to be different. What settings must you make? _________________________________________________
1-1-6
Settlement accounting should be debit-side at site level, meaning invoices are sent to the vendor.
1-1-7
What document type do you have to enter for final settlement? _________________________________________________
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You want to create an arrangement type that allows you to settle your rebate income with your vendor on a monthly basis.
Use
1-1
Use
Partner
•
Internal
Only
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to:
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1-1-8
What document type do you have to enter for partial settlement? _________________________________________________
1-1-9
What is the name of the calendar that defines that you can perform settlement accounting with your vendor on a monthly basis? _________________________________________________
1-1-10
Save your arrangement type.
1-2
1-2-1
Partner
_________________________________________________ 1-2-2
Which condition type is assigned to this condition type group, and what are the key fields for which you can maintain conditions? _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________
1-3
Ensure that when you create an arrangement with your arrangement type, the system uses the correct key combination (condition table) to create conditions. Where do you maintain this assignment? What condition type group is assigned to your arrangement type ZA##? _________________________________________________ 1-3-2
In display mode, look at the definition of condition type A001. 1-4-1
Only
1-4
Go back to the details screen for the arrangement type and check whether the condition type group is entered here too.
How does the system calculate the condition? _________________________________________________
1-4-2
What is the scale basis for scaled conditions? _________________________________________________
1-4-3
Are provisions for accrued income used for the condition? _________________________________________________
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Use
1-3-1
SAP
SAP
What is the number/name of the relevant condition type?
Use
Internal
In your arrangement, you agree to a rebate for all articles from a vendor.
Internal
Only
If the system displays a dialog box relating to the maintenance of a schema for posting provisions for accrued income for settled arrangements, choose schema RMISR0 in Field group Settlement, field “Settlement schema”
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1-5-1
Use the arrangement type ZA## you created earlier. Enter purchasing organization R300 and purchasing group R30 for the organizational data. Your arrangement is with vendor (= condition granter) TS1##, the currency is USD.
1-5-2
In the conditions (Button), maintain a discount of 2% for all the vendor’s articles. The system proposed the possible key combinations for creating conditions according to the condition group assignment. Choose the key Vendor.
1-5-3
Use the [Period conditions] button to check whether monthly condition records were created. What percentages are the proposed conditions? _________________________________________________
1-5-4
Select all the period conditions and change this to a discount of 1% (Edit → Mass Maintenance]).
1-5-5
In the arrangement, maintain article TA03## as the settlement article for billing documents for the vendor.
1-5-6
Post your arrangement and make a note of its number. _________________________________________________ Create a purchase order for 100 CAR of article TA03## for distribution center R300, storage location 0001 from vendor TS1##. The delivery date is 2 weeks from today. Check whether condition type A001 was determined in price determination for the purchase order. Post your purchase order and make a note of its number:
Use
Go back to your arrangement and check whether your purchase order appears in the document list. (Menu: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangements → List Displays → Detailed statement). Was the arrangement updated ? _________________________________________________
1-5-9
For distribution center R300, enter a goods receipt with movement type 101 in storage location 0001 for your purchase order, accepting the total quantity. GR document: _________________________________________________
1-5-10
Is your arrangement updated now? _________________________________________________
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Only
Internal
1-5-8
Partner
_________________________________________________
SAP
SAP
1-5-7
Use
Partner
Now create an arrangement group.
Internal
Only
1-5
1-6
Try to carry out periodic settlement. 1-6-1
Look at the arrangement in change mode (Button [Settlement]). Enter the final date of the period to be settled as the date of settlement (that is, the end of the month in which you entered your goods receipt). Enter today’s date as the posting date. As this relates to settlement for one month only, specify that you want to carry out partial settlement.
1-6-2
Perform settlement accounting and save your data. How high is the income? _________________________________________________
_________________________________________________ 1-6-4
What is the name of the settlement schema (Button [Analysis])? _________________________________________________
1-6-5
Make a note of the number of the billing document (= arrangement debit memo) Note: Use button [Billing] _________________________________________________
1-7*
Use
Partner
Display the billing document that was created (Environment → Display billing doc.) What are the condition types?
Internal
Only
1-6-3
Optional exercise
SAP
Now try to perform final settlement for the arrangement. The settlement date is therefore the final date of the validity period for the arrangement (e.g. the end of the year). Proceed as in exercise 1-6.
SAP
1-7-1
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Subsequent Settlement
Partner
•
If the term Retailing is written before a path, you are in the SAP Retailing menu, the SAP Retail application menu (transaction W10M). You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Logistics → Retailing
•
If the term IMG is written before a path, you are in the Implementation Guide of the R/3 System, where you can make Customizing settings. You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit project → Display SAP Reference IMG (F5) or the transaction SPRO → F5
Use
1-1-1
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement → Rebate Arrangements → Define rebate arrangement types for subsequent settlement
1-1-2
Select the line containing arrangement type 1000 , choose Button [Copy as] Enter new arrangement type ZA##
1-1-3
Subscreen Default values: Valid-to default as per arrangement calendar
1-1-4
Subscreen Controls: Set time of update to “Goods receipt”
1-1-5
Subscreen Control: Flag for Alternative date must be selected
1-1-6
Subscreen Settlement: Settlement type ‘Debit-side settlement at site level’
1-1-7
Subscreen Debit-side settlement: Document type for final settlement ‘BM1’
1-1-8
Subscreen Debit-side settlement: Document type for partial settlement ‘BM3’
1-1-9
Subscreen Settlement: Settlement calendar for arrangement: monthly settlement
1-1-10
Save your data.
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Only
Internal
Arrangement type
Partner
1-1
SAP
SAP
You are on the SAP Retail initial screen (transaction W10T). You should enter this transaction as the start menu in your user parameters.: System → User profile → Own data, on the 'Defaults' view, enter ‘W10T’ as the StartMenu.
Use
•
Internal
Only
The Solutions are based on the following assumptions:
1-2
Discount for all the vendor’s articles 1-2-1
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement → Rebate Arrangements → Condition Type Groups → Define condition type groups for subsequent settlement The condition type group is 1000 (discount).
1-2-2
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement $ Rebate Arrangements → Condition Type Groups → Assign condition type/table to condition type group Condition type A001 (discount) is assigned to condition type group 1000 (discount). Key fields (= condition tables) are:
Only
Key combinations (condition tables) 1-3-1
type groups and arrangement types Condition type group 1000 is assigned to your arrangement type ZA##.
1-4
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement → Rebate Arrangements → Define arrangement types for subsequent settlement Select arrangement type ZA##, choose Button [Details] Subscreen Controls: field Condition type group contains the entry 1000
Condition type A001 IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement → Set up condition technique for subsequent settlement → Choose [Create condition types for subsequent settlement] Select condition type A001, choose Button [Details] Subscreen Control data 1: calculation rule A (percentage)
1-4-2
Subscreen Scales: reference value B (value scales)
1-4-3
Provisions for accrued income are used. Subscreen Control data 2: Provisions (flag is selected here, meaning that provisions are used)
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1-4-1
Partner
Use
SAP
1-3-2
SAP
Internal
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Subsequent Settlement → Rebate Arrangements → Condition Type Groups → Assign condition
Use
Partner
1-3
Internal
- vendor/settlement group (table 7) - vendor (table 8) - vendor/VSR (table 9)
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1-5-1
Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangements → Arrangement → Create Enter arrangement type, [Enter] Enter purchasing organization R300 and purchasing group R30, [Enter] Vendor TS1## Currency USD [Enter]
1-5-2
Button [Conditions], choose key combination ‘Vendor’ Enter vendor and percentage rate
1-5-3
Select line, choose Button [Period conditions] Period conditions of 2% are proposed
1-5-4
Button [Select all], Button [Mass maintenance] Set condition amount to 1%, Button [Adopt] F3 or green arrow icon
1-5-5
Goto → Settlement article
1-5-6
Save your entry Arrangement: _________________________________________________
Use
_________________________________________________ Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangements→ List display → Detailed statement Enter date (arrangement number, condition granter TS1##) Your arrangement has not yet been updated
1-5-9
Retail: Merchandise logistics → Goods receipt → For purchase order Enter movement type (101) and PO number, Button [Enter] Button [Post] GR document:
Only
1-5-8
_________________________________________________ 1-5-10
© SAP AG
Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangements→ List display → Detailed statement Enter data (arrangement number, condition granter TS1##) [Execute] Your purchase order and goods receipt are contained in the document list The arrangement has now been updated (as defined in the arrangement type).
IRT330
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Internal
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Purchase order → Create → Vendor/Vendor site known Select item, tabstrip [Conditions] Note: It is possible that condition type A001 exists a number of times, as several arrangements are maintained with this condition type for this vendor. Save your entry Purchase order number:
SAP
SAP
1-5-7
Use
Partner
Creating the arrangement
Internal
Only
1-5
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1-6
Periodic settlement 1-6-1
Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangement → Arrangement → Change Enter arrangement number, [Enter], Button [Settlement] Settlement date End of period to be settled (month’s end) Settlement date Today’s date Select interim settlement
[Post settlement doc.] or F5 The system displays information that settlement documents are posted if you choose Save, [Continue], Button [Save], the system displays information that debit memos were created, [Continue] Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangements → Arrangement → Display Enter arrangement number, [Enter] Environment → Display billing document, [Enter] Select item, choose Button [Pricing conditions] Condition types SBCB A001 A001
Values Basis (correction) 5.700 USD Discount 57 USD Discount provision 57 USD
Button [Analysis] Subsequent settlement RM5000 (see header bar)
1-6-5
Billing document:
Partner
1-6-4
SAP
SAP
Partner
1-6-3
Use
_________________________________________________
Only
Internal
Use
[Adopt] Income 57 USD
Internal
Only
1-6-2
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1-7* 1-7-1
Retail: Purchasing → Subsequent settlement → Vendor arrangement → Arrangement → Change Enter arrangement number, [Enter], Button [Settlement] Settlement date: End of period to be settled (end of year) Posting date: Today's date Choose final settlement Perform settlement accounting (F8) Confirm prompt with 'Yes'
Only
Use
Condition types of item 1: Values: SBCB Basis correction 5,700 USD A001 Discount 57 USD A001 Discount provision 57 USD S000 Settled income 57 USD
SAP
Condition types of last item: Values: SBCB Basis correction 5,700 USD A001 Discount 114 USD S000 Settled income 57 USD
SAP
Internal
[Post settlement doc.] or F5 The system displays information that settlement documents are posted if you choose Save, [Continue], Button [Save], the system displays information that debit memos were created, [Continue]
Partner
Income 57 USD
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Vendor Evaluation
Contents: ! Vendor Evaluation
Use SAP
SAP
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Vendor Evaluation: Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: ! Differentiate between evaluation levels and various kinds of evaluation criteria
Internal
Only
! Understand and use the maintenance functions for vendor evaluation ! Describe the evaluation procedure using three automatic criteria
Partner
! Define a link between the vendor evaluation and supply source determination
Use
! Understand and use the analyses for vendor evaluation
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Partner
Course Overview Req. Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor Evaluation
Use
1 2 3 4 5 6
Internal
Only
Course Overview Diagram
Conclusion
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Vendor Evaluation: Business Scenario
! Your company wants to carry out an evaluation of vendors based on various performance criteria. This evaluation may be useful for forthcoming negotiations with vendors.
Only
Use
Partner
Internal
! To be able to carry out a vendor evaluation, you must define in Customizing which criteria are to be used in the evaulation and which services are to be evaluated.
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Functions in Vendor Evaluation Regular vendor for
?
Article 1
Vendor B
Qua
Partner
Pric
es
Vendor C
nts plai Com s Quality audits
ntit ie
GR c heck s
D
er eliv
Internal
Only
Vendor A
s ate yd
Vendor Evaluation Vendor Evaluation
Use
Vendor C
" Vendor Evaluation also adopts data from the Quality Management component such as the results of goods receipt inspections or quality audits. " The Vendor Evaluation accesses Materials Management basic data, Inventory Management data such as goods receipts, and Logistics Information System (LIS) data.
SAP Use
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Internal
" In the SAP System, the Vendor Evaluation component is fully integrated in the Purchasing application component of Materials Management. This means that data such as the delivery dates, prices, and quantities, are taken from purchase orders.
Partner
" The vendor evaluation helps you optimize your procurement processes. It makes it easier for you to select sources of supply and carry out ongoing checks on your vendor relations. Any problems or difficulties that occur during procurement can be identified quickly.
SAP
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Scoring Level in Vendor Evaluation
overall score
weighted
Internal
Only
Main criteria scores weighted
Use
Partner
Subcriteria scores
Scores for individual services
" The main criteria are price, quality, delivery, and service for evaluating vendors who provide you with services. If necessary, you can define different or additional main criteria. " To analyse the evaluation in detail, you can subdivide a main criterion into several subcriteria. Subcriteria are the smallest units for which scores are calculated in a vendor evaluation. " The various scores a vendor receives for the individual main and subcriteria may not all be equally important for you. You can define that different scores have different importance by weighting them accordingly.
SAP Use
" The vendor evaluation is carried out at purchasing organization level. Each purchasing organization evaluates the vendors assigned to it.
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Internal
" The overall score gives you an overall impression of your vendors performance enables you to compare them at a glance. The system calculates the overall score by adding together the scores that a vendor achieved for all main criteria. The scores for the main criteria are a more accurate reflection of a vendor's services and performance than the overall score.
Partner
" To be able to assess the performance and services of a vendor, you need a scoring system. The Vendor Evaluation provides you with a three-level scoring system from 1 to 100 points that enables you to compare the performance of several vendors.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Types of Subcriteria
overall score
Manual subcriterion
Semi-automatic subcriterion
Automatic subcriterion
Internal
Subcriteria scores
Piece Piece
Partner
Only
Main criteria scores
% %
cconditions onditions
Use
$$
Scores for individual services
SAP Use
" There are different methods of creating subcriteria, namely manally, semi-automatically, and automatically. " In the case of manual subcriteria, you enter a score subcriterion in the vendor evaluation. The system includes this score in the higher-level main criterion. " With semi-automatic subcriteria, instead of entering a single score for all the vendor's articles, you maintain a number of scores at info record level for all articles of interest to you. The average resulting from these individual scores is used as the subcriteria score in the higher-level main criteria score.
" The automatic subcriteria in the standard system are sufficient to evaluate a vendor from whom you procure articles. This means, you do not necessarily have to maintain scores for manual or semiautomatic subcriteria to be able to carry out vendor evaluations.
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" In the case of automatic subcriteria, the evaluation can be determined using data that exists in the system as a result of normal online activities. This data is passed on to the vendor evaluation as a result of automatic updating of statistics files, for example.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Automatic Subcritria: Overview
Subcriteria
Price
Price level Price development GR inspection Complaints Audit On-time delivery Quantity reliability Shipping instructions Confirmation
Only
Quality
Partner
Delivery
Internal
Main Criteria
Service
Use
SAP Use
" The subcriterion Price level/price development is used to evaluate the relationship between the vendor's price and the market price, and how this develops. " The subcriterion GR inspection is used to evaluate the quality of the articles supplied by the vendor. The quality inspection takes place at goods receipt. " The subcriterion Complaints is used to evaluate whether the articles supplied by a vendor are often found to be faulty after the quality inspection at goods receipt, e.g. in production, as a result of which extra costs arise for you for processing these faulty items.
" The subcriterion On-time delivery performance is used to evaluate the extent to which a vendor meets delivery deadlines. " The subcriterion Quantity reliability is used to evaluate the extent to which a vendor meets delivery quantities. " The subcriterion Shipping instructions is used to evaluate the extent to which a vendor meets the instructions given with regard to the shipping or packaging of an article. " The subcriterion Confirmation is used to evaluate whether a vendor meets the delivery date promised in a confirmation (such as a shipping notification).
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" The subcriterion Audit is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the quality assurance system that a company uses in the manufacturing of its products.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Vendor Evaluation: Maintenance
Vendor A
Vendor evaluation record
Automatic criteria
Semiautomatic criteria
Manual criteria
Calculation log
Use
Partner
Weighting key
Internal
Only
Purchasing organization R300
" You can display a log showing the calculations for of the automatic subcriteria. " The name of the user and the processing date are stored in the vendor evaluation. " The change documentation provides information on changes. " You can record the the evaluation that the system determined for a vendor in an evaluation sheet and print this out. The evaluation sheet header contains the name of the person that created the sheet, the creation date, and the vendor name. The sheet also contains the complete evaluation and the scores for the individual main criteria. The scores for the subcriteria of the main criteria are listed under Detailed evaluation.
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" You must first assign a weighting key to a vendor before you carry out the evaluation. The weighting key is an indicator in which the weighting rations for main criteria are grouped together and saved. The system can calculate the overall score on the basis of the weighting key and the scores of the main criteria.
Partner
Use
" The Vendor Evaluation function allows you to maintain all subcriteria, including manual subcriteria.
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Automatic Re-evaluation
Old New values values
Vendor A
... ...
... ... Calculation log
Purchasing organization R300
SemiSemiautomatic automatic criteria
Save Vendor evaluation record
Use
Only Partner
Automatic criteria
Internal
Weighting key
Use
"
If the vendor has never been evaluated, you must first define a weighting key.
"
The manually maintained scores of the last evaluation are kept unchanged, so that results can be compared.
Internal
SAP
The Automatic re-evaluation allows you to update the automatic and semi-automatic subcriteria for a vendor.
"
You get a comparison of the only and new scores calculated by the system for all automatic and semi-automatic partial criteria. If you want, you can replace the old scores by the new ones.
"
You can display the calculations in a log.
"
You can use the SAP hierarchy or presentation graphic to present the evaluation, giving you a better overview. The graphical display enables you to see how scores have changed at a glance.
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"
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Valuation in the Background
Vendor B
Weighting key
Weighting key
Vendor C
Weighting key
Automatic criteria
Partner
Vendor NEW
Internal
Only
Vendor A
Vendor evaluation record
Calculation log
Use
SAP Use
" You can have the system carry out evaluation for your vendor at regular intervals in the background. " If you want to start a background request for the vendor evaluation, you need a variant that limits the range of vendors that are to be evaluated, for example. " You can either update existing evaluation records or have the system create records for vendors that have not yet been evaluated.
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" If you create new evaluation records, you can either give all new records the same weighting key or have these records created without a weighting key. Records without a weighting key must then be processed manually. You can use the Vendors without weighting key analysis to find the records that are relevant here. You can go from this analysis directly to vendor evaluation maintenance.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Quantity Reliability
Purchase order
100 pc
GR 90 pc
Sched. agreem,. Goods receipt
Deliv. complete ID: X
Sched. line 1 100 pc
Only
Customizing settings of the purchasing organization
Use
Partner
Internal
Smoothing
100 pc
Goods receipt
No quantity reliability update!
Calculate % variance Points score
GR
Vendor evaluation
SAP Use
" The Quantity reliability subcriterion is used to evaluate whether the vendor delivers the correct quantities. " For the system to be able to determine the quantity reliability for a PO item, the PO item must be delivered in full. " The system determines the difference between the goods receipt quantity and the order quantity and calculates the difference as a variance in percent. " The points score is smoothed using a smoothing formula, updated in a statistical record, and incorporated in the vendor evaluation. The smoothing factor is defined in Customizing. " Quantity reliability is not evaluated for scheduling agreements. " Goods receipt reversals are not taken into consideration in the vendor evaluation.
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" Upper and lower delivery tolerance limits are not taken into consideration in the vendor evaluation.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
On-Time Delivery Performance Purchase order
100 pc Stat. rel. delivery date
End
10 pc
Goods receipt
100 pc Stat. rel. delivery date
20.12.
20.12.
Check on min. quantity
100 pc
Goods receipt
19.12.
Calculate % variance Points score Smoothing
Customizing settings of the purchasing organization
Use
Partner
GR
Vendor evaluation
SAP Use
" When goods are received for a purchase order, the system checks whether the defined delivery date (statistically relevant delivery date) was met, or whether the delivery arrived after this date.
" If one goods receipt covers several schedule lines, the calculation is carried out for every schedule line. " If the delivery date was met, the system checks whether you have maintained system settings for the Min. delivery percentage Customizing parameter, and if so, what these are. " If you have not maintained a minimum delivery percentage, receipts of partial quantities of the order quantity are included in the score for on-time delivery performance. " If you have maintained a minimum delivery percentage, and the minimum quantity was not achieved, the system does not calculate a score for the on-time delivery performance for this goods receipt.
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" If the delivery date was not met, the system can use the Standardizing value for delivery time variance Customizing parameter to convert the absolute variance to a percentage and evaluate it. If you assign a relatively low standardizing value, there will be a large percentage variance even for relatively small date variances. If you define a higher standardizing value, there will be a relatively low variance. The points score is smoothed using a smoothing formula, updated in a statistical record, and incorporated in the vendor evaluation.
Partner
Internal
" The On-time delivery performance subcriterion is used to evaluate whether the vendor delivers the on time.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
© SAP AG
Internal
Only
20.12.
Purchase order
GR
Price Level
Comparison price
Vendor A Article 1 Effective price % %
Market price Average price Single sourcing
Calculate % variance Points score
Conditions Conditions
$$
Customizing settings of the purchasing organization
Vendor evaluation
Use
Partner
Pc Pc
= ?
SAP Use
" The Price level is used to evaluate the price of a vendor's article in comparison to that of other vendors or an average price. " The system searches all articles for which vendor conditions are maintained (for example, in info records). " To determine the price level of a vendor, the system compares the vendor's effective price for the article with the market price or an average price for all info records for the article and calculates a percentage variance.
" The system calculates the average score on the basis of the total individual scores. The average represents the score for the subcriterion.
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Only
" If you procure an article from one vendor only, the Customizing parameter Only vendor determines whether this exceptional situation is taken into account in the vendor evaluation. If you select this indicator, the effective price of the vendor to be evaluated is adopted as the market price in the calculation of the price level score, that is to say, the market price and the effective price are identical. There is a variance of zero percent, and the vendor gets a good score. If you do not select the indicator, the situation of a single vendor is not taken into consideration, that is to say, the system does not calculate a score for the price level for this article.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
© SAP AG
Internal
Only
Info record
Analyses for Vendor Evaluation
HIT LISTE General vendor evaluation Price
Qual. Qual.
Dlvy
Service
Vendor B
90
92
90
93
85
Vendor A
84
Vendor C
75
92
88
81
81
90
76
74
84
Only
ANALYSIS for ARTICLE/MERCHANDISE CATEGORY General vendor evaluation Total
Price
Qual. Qual.
Dlvy
Service
Vendor A
88
81
93
92
86
Vendor C
81
90
76
74
84
Internal
EVALUATION COMPARISON General vendor evaluation Total
Vendor Vendor A A
84
Evaluation for article 1
Price
Qual. Qual.
Dlvy
75
92
88
Service Total
81
88
Price
Qual. Qual.
Dlvy
Service
81
93
92
86
SAP Use Internal
" The Evaluation comparison is an analysis that compares the general evaluation of a vendor with the evaluation for a particular article. This analysis differs from the others because it looks at one vendor in detail without comparing this vendor to other vendors. The overall evaluation, resulting from the scores for all deliveries for all articles, is compared with the evaluation the vendor would receive for an evaluation based on one particular article only.
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Only
" The list of Evaluations for article/merchandise category provides you with a hitlist based on a specific article or merchandise category. You can use this report to find out which vendors rate particulary well, averagely or poorly for a particularly important article. If you entered a merchandise category, you can define whether the system searches for articles with a master record only (1), articles without a master record only (2) or both (blank).
Partner
" The Hit liste sorts your vendors in descending order by overall score. As a result, you can see at a glance which vendors in the group are the best, which are average, and which are below average. In addition to the overall score, the scores for the individual main criteria are displayed. In addition, the system calculates the average values of the individual scores. From this calculation, you can see how far above or below average a particular vendor is.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Use
Partner
Total
Vendor Evaluation in the Supply Source Determination
Possible sources of supply: Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C
Purchase requisition
Internal
Only
Supply source determination
Vendor evaluation HIT LISTE Price
Qual.
Dlvy
Service
Vendor B
90
92
90
93
85
Vendor A
84
75
92
88
81
Vendor C
81
90
76
74
84
Use
Partner
Total
SAP Use
•
Assignment of supply sources to a particular purchase order item. The system can create a hitlist for the vendors that are potential sources of supply.
•
Assignment and processing of purchase requisitions. If you select a purchase requisition from the list, the system creates a hitlist of all vendors that can supply the required article.
•
Creation of a price comparison list.
© SAP AG
Only
Internal
" The evaluation functions are available for the following tasks:
Partner
" As of Release 4.5A, the analysis function for the vendor evaluation is integrated in supply source determination and the quotation price comparison list. This further assists in deciding on which vendors to procure from.
SAP
SAP AG 2001
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Configuration Options
X
X X
X X
X
POrgspecific
General
Weighting of main criteria
Total Price Qual.
Dlvy
Serv
Main Criteria
Vendor B Vendor A
Weighting of subcriteria
Vendor C
Subcriteria
General control parameters
Use
Partner
Weighting key
Internal
Only
Points score for automatic criteria
X X
List parameters
SAP Use
" You make generally-valid settings for: •
Weighting key
•
Main and subcriteria
•
List parameters and list structure
Partner
" You make the following settings for a specific purchasing organization: •
Control parameters
•
Evaluation criteria and their weightings
•
Points scores for automatic subcriteria
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
" The control parameters that you can maintain for a particular purchasing organization include: •
Best score
•
Period of validity
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Control Parameters: Purchasing Organization
General parameters Best score Applicability period
Parameters for subcriteria Price Level Only vendor
Form
Smoothing factor StndDelTime variance
Audit
MinDelivPerc.
Internal
Only
On-Time Delivery Perf.
Lot average Quantity Reliability Complaints
Smoothing factor
Partner
Proportion of sales Shipping Instruction
Use
Smoothing factor
SAP Use
" Some Customizing parameters for the vendor evaluation are defined for a particular purchasing organization, for example: •
For the Best score parameter, you define the maximum number of points on your points scale that the vendor can gain.
•
The Applicability period defines the period of time in the past for which data is used to evaluate the vendor.
•
The Form determines the vendor evaluation sheet format.
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Only
" In Customizing, you also define which evaluation criteria are relevant for each purchasing organization, and how these are to be weighted. For each purchasing organization, you also define a scoring scale for the automatic subcriteria.
Partner
Internal
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Vendor Evaluation: Unit Summary
You are now able to: ! Differentiate between evaluation levels and various kinds of evaluation criteria ! Understand and use the maintenance functions for vendor evaluation
Only
Internal
! Describe the evaluation procedure using three automatic criteria
Partner
! Define a link between the vendor evaluation and supply source determination ! Understand and use the analyses for vendor evaluation
Use
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Exercises Unit: Vendor Evaluation
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: • Understand the difference between evaluation levels and various kinds of evaluation criteria
Only
•
•
Understand and use the analyses for vendor evaluation
SAP
Item 1 Article:
TA01##
Quantity:
1000 Car
Delivery date:
today
Only
Item 2 Article:
TA03##
Quantity:
500 Car
Delivery date:
yesterday
© SAP AG
Partner
Order the following articles from your vendor TS1## for DC R300 and storage location 0001:
SAP
Use
Define a link between the vendor evaluation and supply source determination
Your company wants to carry out an evaluation of vendors based on various performance criteria. This evaluation may be useful for negotiations with vendors. To be able to carry out a vendor evaluation, you must define in Customizing which criteria are to be used in the evaluation and which services are to be evaluated. In addition, you must trigger regular vendor evaluations so that your data is up-to-date. 1-1
Internal
Describe the evaluation procedure using three automatic criteria
Use
Partner
•
Internal
• Understand and use the maintenance functions for vendor evaluation
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Item 3 Article:
TA04##
Quantity:
700 Car
Delivery date:
today
Ignore any warnings that the system displays.
______________________________________________
GR #: ______________________________________________ 1-3
Maintain the vendor evaluation for vendor TS1##, purchasing organization R300.
SAP
Assign weighting key 01. 1-3-1
What does this weighting key mean? ______________________________________
1-3-2
Go to the details screen for the main criterion Delivery.
Subcriterion
© SAP AG
Wtg. (Weighting)
IRT330
M (Method)
Only
Internal
Which subcriteria are assigned to this main criterion, how are these weighting, and what method is used to determine them (automatic, semi-automatic, manual)?
Partner
Use
Post a goods receipt for this purchase order. For the first order item, you receive a partial delivery of 800 Car. The second item is delivered in full. For the third item, you also receive a partial delivery, this time 500 Car. Set the Delivery completed indicator for all three items
Use
SAP
Partner
1-2
Internal
Only
Purchase order no.:
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1-3-3
Perform a new automatic evaluation for the main criterion Delivery. What scores does the system calculate? Subcriterion On-time delivery:
_____________________________
Subcriterion Quantity reliability: Main criterion Delivery: 1-3-4
___________________________
__________________________________
Display the calculation log by choosing Goto → All logs. Which individual scores did the system calculate for the subcriteria Quantity reliability and Ontime delivery performance?
Only
Score for Quantity Reliability
Internal
Score for On-Time Delivery Article TA01## Article TA03##
Save the vendor evaluation. 1-4
Look at the Customizing settings for the vendor evaluation. Make a note of the following settings for purchasing organization R300:
SAP
______________________________________________________ 1-4-2
Weighting for subcriterion Quantity reliability: ______________________________________________________
1-4-3
Points score for On-time delivery with a percentage variance of +10%:
Partner
Use
Weighting for subcriterion On-time delivery:
SAP
1-4-1
______________________________________________________ 1-4-4
Standardizing value for delivery time variance: ______________________________________________________
1-4-5
Minimum delivery quantity in percent:
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
Article TA04##
______________________________________________________ 1-4-6
Smoothing factor for Timeliness /Service: ______________________________________________________
1-4-7
Smoothing factor for Quantity reliability: ______________________________________________________
1-4-8
Does the system use the general or the material-specific standardizing value for the delivery time variance when determining the on-time delivery performance score? ______________________________________________________
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1-5
You want to compare the price of article TA04## with a market price in the system. 1-5-1
1-6
For this, you need to create a market price of USD 2.29.
Update the vendor assessment for vendor TS1##, purchasing organization R300 by carrying out the function Automatic new evaluation. 1-6-1
Determine the old and new overall scores by using the comparison function for old and new evaluation. Old overall score:
_______________________________________
New overall score: _______________________________________ Display the calculation log.
Internal
Only
1-6-2
Use
Partner
Save the evaluation.
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Solutions Unit: Vendor Evaluation
Partner SAP
If the term Retailing is written before a path, you are in the SAP Retailing menu, the SAP Retail application menu (transaction W10M). You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Logistics → Retailing
•
If the term IMG is written before a path, you are in the Implementation Guide of the R/3 System, where you can make Customizing settings. You get here from SAP Easy Access SAP Retail by choosing Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit project → Display SAP Reference IMG (F5) or the transaction SPRO → F5
Retail: Purchasing → Purchase order → Purchase order → Create → Vendor/supplying site known
1-2
Goods receipt Retail: Merchandise logistics → Goods receipt → For purchase order
Only
1-1
Partner
Use
•
SAP
Internal
You are on the SAP Retail initial screen (transaction W10T). You should enter this transaction as the start menu in your user parameters.: System → User profile → Own data, on the 'Defaults' view, enter ‘W10T’ as the StartMenu.
Use
•
Enter your PO number. Adjust the quantities of the first and third items. [Post] Confirm the information displayed by the system.
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Only
The Solutions are based on the following assumptions:
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1-3
Master data → Vendor data → Vendor evaluation → Maintain Enter the vendor and purchasing organization and choose [Enter]. 1-3-1
Equal weighting
1-3-2
Select the Delivery, and choose [Details].
Partner SAP
30
3
Quantity Reliability
40
2
Shipping Instruction
10
6
Notification Reliability
20
B
1-3-3
Choose [Auto. re-eval./MCrit].
1-3-4
The scores may differ for each participant depending on whether the previous exercise was completed or not.
IMG: Materials Management → Purchasing → Vendor Evaluation → Define purchasing organization data for vendor evaluation 1-4-1
Select purchasing organization R300, and then choose [Partial criteria]. Enter criterion 03 (on-time delivery reliability is a subcriterion of ‘Delivery’). Weighting for subcriterion On-time delivery performance:
30
1-4-2
Weighting for subcriterion Quantity Reliability:
40
1-4-3
Select purchasing organization R300, and then choose [Points scores for automatic criteria]. Points score for on-time delivery performance with a percentage variance of +10%: 80 points
1-4-4
Select purchasing organization R300, and then choose [Details]. 10 days
1-4-5
Minimum delivery quantity in percent:
30%
1-4-6
Smoothing factor for On-time delivery performance/Service: 0.2
1-4-7
Smoothing factor for Quantity reliability:
1-4-8
The material-specific standardizing value, because the MinDlvyQty/StandDlvVar on article is set.
© SAP AG
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Only
Standardizing value for delivery time variance:
Partner
Use
On-Time Delivery Performance
SAP
Internal
Method
Use
1-4
Weighting
Internal
Only
Subcriterion
20
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1-5
Retail: Master data → Conditions/Arrangements → Conditions Purchasing → Prices → Market price Purchasing organization R300 Article TA04## [Execute] Price 2.29 [Save]
1-6
Master data → Vendor data → Vendor evaluation → Autom. re-evaluation Enter the vendor and purchasing organization and choose [Execute].
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Req. Planning Ordering Subsequent Settlement Vendor evaluation Conclusion
SAP AG 2001
SAP
SAP
Partner
Course Overview
Use
1 2 3 4 5 6
Internal
Only
Conclusion
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Course Objectives
You are now able to: ! Make the settings needed to carry out
processes relating to merchandise procurement as effectively as possible.
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Recommended Follow-up Courses
! LO520 Purchasing Details/Optimization ! LO525 Consumption-Based Forecast
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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Recommended Follow-up Activities
! Go through the exercises. Use either the IDES data or your own data for this. ! Read the on-line documentation ! Read IMG documentation ! Read release notes
Use
Partner
Only
Internal
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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SAP Performance Map ! SAPNet Alias: performancemarket and performancemap ! Released for customers and partners (free of charge) ! Central point of access for performance-related topics
! Continually updated and enhanced ! Available in English (some notes and details are translated into other languages)
Use
Partner
! Gives recommendations and suggestions, detailed information, documents and links, and a direct link to relevant notes and collective notes in OSS
Internal
Only
! Divided up in line with the mySAP.com components (contains core and industry-specific areas, plus cross-component and technical blocks)
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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SAP Best Practices for Retail ...
... Offer you "Best Practice" configuration of mySAP.com Retail in a number of versions for the following sectors:
so on) **
... Are an implementation tool combining AcceleratedSAP (ASAP) and Preconfigured Systems (PCS), are free of charge, and can be installed in a day
* already available
Use
Partner
Fashion (including apparel, textiles, footwear) * Food (discounters, supermarkets, hypermarkets, convinience stores) * Wholesale (technical wholesale, mail order, Internet) ** Hardlines (specialists in building materials, electrical items, toys, and
Internal
Only
• • • •
** planned
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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SAP Best Practices for Retail ...
... Provide help in every mySAP.com Retail implementation! " ... The preconfigured development client reduces the project runtime.
" ... They contain detailed documentation of the preconfigured processes including full integration with AcceleratedSAP. " ...They enable you to set up a pared-down, functioning system in a short period of time and test live operations.
Use
Partner
Internal
Only
" ... SAP Best Practices for Retail allow early prototyping in the implementation, which reduces problems later thanks to a systembased discussion in the Blueprint Workshops.
SAP
SAP
SAP AG 2001
Only
Internal
Use
Partner
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