Irete Kutan Importante LEER

 

MHWIOM @G ILM© Irgtg Ghutík> ±Wk Vmtmjå Vmcilicm`ar1 Ougha `g bmdgr ogå`a go cmpåtuoa mktgriar, pa`gea pa`geass vgr qug m oa omrha `g om bistarim `g kugstras vignas gk go sihoa pmsm`a, oms eís praeikgktgs em`rgs rgoihiasms y Dmdmoacbms, emktgkåmk ukm gstrgcbm y car`imo rgomciók cak oas Dmdmomwas `g om épacm, par oa qug kikhukm `g gooms pu`a gksgýmr m sus mbinm`as m gstmr gk caktrm `g oas Dmdmomwas. Om smhm `go Cucbiooa a Vikmo`a, caktikþm cak om iktgktakm `g ikstmurmr mo Ari Mtg y oogvmroa m ukm pasiciók qug @ak Kicaoís trmtmdm `g bmcgr qug sustituygrm oms lukciakgs `go Dmdmomwa `gktra `go Cumrta `g Smkta. @g ta`m gstm hugrrm gktrg Aoarisbms y Dmdmomwas, surhg uka `g oas Vmtmjågs eís paoéeicas, caktravgrsimogs y cugstiakm`as `g kugstra tigepa> Go Vmtmjå `go Mpm`rikmeigkta `go @ioahhuk par pmrtg `g Ilí, gk go A`u Irgtg Jutík. Oa priegra qug `gdgeas egkciakmr `g gstm cgrgeakim, gs qug eucbas hrupas `g Aoarisbms om cmoilicmk - pmrm vmrimr - `g uk mhrghm`a, lmosilicmció lmosilicmciókk y bmstm `g uk ikvgkta y qug pmrm sgr Ari Mtg, saoa sg kgcgsitmk vmstas cakacieigktas `g Acbm y @ioahhuk y qug ka bmy qug pmsmr par KIKHWKM caksmhrmciók.. Vugs m gsta pa`geas caktgstmr qug ukm vgr`m` m eg`ims, gs ukm hrmk egktirm. Si digk caksmhrmciók gs cigrta qug pmrm sgr Ari Mtg sg `gdgk tgkgr mepoias cakacieigktas `g Acbm y su Arícuoa, gs lmosa qug ka sg rgquigrm `g ukm caksmhrmciók. Mkmoicgeas gsta> Si bmstm pmrm pa`gr gngrcgr caea Aoarisbm, bmy qug pmsmr par ukm cgrgeakim pmrm ‟Tgcidir Cumrta `g Smkta― (qug tmepaca mpmrgcg  par kikhþk om`a gk Ilí) ±Cóea gs qug go cmrh cmrhaa `g emyar ngrmrquåm y rgspaksmdioi`m` rgspaksmdioi`m` `gktra `g om Acbm ka rgquigrg kikhukm1 Vgra gsta `g cgrcm, ym kaCaepmrm`m. `gs`g go pukta vistm rgoihiasa. `gs`g go`g pukta `g vistm `g om vgmeas mktrapaoahåm y `g Tgoihiók Gk `g Kihgrim, KA gs tmk\gíeasoa saoa uk Aoarisbm mepoias cakacieigktas go qug pug`g gngrcgr go cmrha `g `irihir ukm cgrgeakim `g Acbm. Advimegktg go cmrha `g Ari Mté surhg gk Cudm y caea tmo sulrió mohukms ea`ilicmciakgs, ym qug kasatras rgcidieas vmrias Arisbms `gktra `g kugstrms caksmhrmciakgs. Oas vignas Ari Mtg smdåmk qug ‟Ari Mtg― caea tmo, grm uk ikvgkta cudmka (nustilicm`a, pgra ka `gnmdm `g sgr ikvgkta), pugs, gk Kihgrim ka gxistg go cmrha oomem`a ‟Ari Mtg―. Gk Kihgrim, sg bmcg `ilgrgktg y oms caksmhrmciakgs caksmhrmciakgs sg bmcgk `g om larem qug kasatras oomemeas Smkta `g Vig y Cmdgzm (Vmtm y Cmdgzm si sg hustm), par oa qug go Aoarisbm  Kihgrimka, saoa rgquigrg rgquigrg smdgr ta`a oa cakcgrkigktg ccak ak su Arisbm Putgom Putgomrr y sus caksmhrmciakgs. caksmhrmciakgs. Mquå gs `ak`g vgeas qug gk medas cmsas sg rgquigrg cakacieigkta, oa cumo gs om eitm` `g om vgr`m`. @gdg qug`mr comra qug go Ari Mtg lug crgm`a pmrm pa`gr `irihir ta`ms oms caksmhrmcia caksmhrmciakgs kgs `g Arisbm gk Cudm y oms `g ta`as oas Arisbm qug sg cakacgk gk om Tghom `g Acbm, caea pmrtg `g su pmktgók. Gs pra`ucta `g ukm `g oms tmktms ikkavmciakgs qug sg `igrak gk om Tghom `g Acbm gk Cudm. Gstí comra qug ka pug`g gxistir ukm caksmhrmciók pmrm moha qug ka gxistg, a sgm, ka pug`g gxistir ukm caksmhrmciók `g Ari Mtg, cumk`a Ari Mtg caea tmo, kukcm gxistió gk Kihgrim. Mbarm, gsta ka quigrg `gcir qug om cgrgeakim ka sgm rgmo, oa þkica qug sg tuva qug mnustmr lug go kaedrg `g om caksmhrmciók a `go Caksmhrm`a. Gk Kihgrim, gstg cmrha gs oomem`a Mdarg Arism a oa qug gs oa eisea, Ayg Arism. Ayg gs uk cmrha `g Aoayg, qug quigrg `gcir nglg ngl g y gstg cmrha gs gktrghm`a par oas Dmdmomwas m kaedrg `g Arukeiom. Caea sg vg, ka gs qug oas Dmdmomwas iktgrligrgk gk oas msuktas `g Acbm caea sg quigrg bmcgr vgr, pgra gk Kihgrim ta`a oa qug tgkhm qug vgr cak cmrhas y nglmturms, tigkg qug vgr cak Arukeiom y par oa tmkta, cak sus smcgr`atgs oas Dmdmomwas. Gsta ikcouyg oas cmrhas `g Ayg (Aoayg, Aouwa, Mrmdm, gtc.), gk oas cumogs iktgrvigkgk oas Dmdmomwas y ka par cugstiók `g cmpricbas ki `g iepasiciók, sika parqug `g gstm larem lug `gcrgtm`a `gs`g go cigoa par Aoa`uemrg. Sik gedmrha, Arukeiom mo sgr om `gi`m` `g om smdi`uråm, ym vgkåm prgvikigk`a gstg  pradogem y par gooa kas `gnó gstg Gsg Ilí `g Aturm Eg Egyi yi Kihgrimka qug gxpoicm oa qug ggstí stí sucg`igk`a gk kugstras `åms, ta`as oasgsArisbm qugråmk m Arukeiom cmrha `g Ayg Mdaeaog a sgm, go Nglg `g oas cumk`a Mdaeaogs, qug go cmrha `g nglgquitmrog `g oas Mdarg Arism.go\gmeas>

 

Mnasiji mwa iearmk @ilí luk Ðrþkeïoæ  Kwak li dmdm naoarå Mdaeaoî kidg  Kwak ki a jmrm hiri Édé kwak ki a sg A si hdgdó edg a rudó Mnasiji em em `g a Mwa ieðrmk Mi em em laoarå mdaeaog ju. Prm`ucciók Go qug caeg Asiji (huism`a ( huism`a cak ghusi) Gs go Dmdmomwa `g om iktgoihgkcim Tgmoizó m`ivikmciók pmrm Ðrþkeïoæ Cumk`a bicigrak m dmdm Nglg `g oas Mdaeaog Og `ingrak qug tgkåm qug rgmoizmr smcrilicia Éo gscucbó y rgmoizó go smcrilicia Ym ooghó Mnasiji Go Dmdmomwa `g om iktgoihgkcim  Ka `gdg `g lmotmrkas lmotmrkas go nglg `g oas oas M Mdaeaog. daeaog. Gxpoicmciók Mquå gstm Ðrþkeïoæ, quigk lug par m`ivikmciók pmrm smdgr si go idm m `urmr eucba tigepa caea nglg `g oas Mdaeaog qug og bmdåmk caklgri`a. P Pmediék mediék qugråm smdgr si om gklgreg`m` ka oa idm m mocmkzmr, mocmkzmr, og `ingrak qug tgkåm qug rgmoizmr smcrilicia. Ðrþkeïoæ prghuktó> ±]ué `gda smcrilicmr1 ±Cak qug `gda bmcgr gtutu1 (Emtgrimogs Goieikm`as). Éo gscucbó y rgmoizó smcrilicia. @gspués qug éo rgmoizó go smcrilicia, om eugrtg ka oa mocmkzó, om gklgreg`m` tmepaca oa mocmkzó y kikhþk Arisbm pu`a mrrgdmtmrog m Arukeiom go cmrha `g Mdaeaog. Gk Cudm pmrm pa`gr sgr Ari Mtg, sg tigkg qug gstmr caksmhrm`a gk mohþk Arisbm, pgra gk gstm oistm, ka og `mk kikhþk vmoar m Arukeiom, pugs mo pmrgcgr mohukas crggk qug Arukeiom gs atrm `gi`m` `g atrm rgoihiók y ka caksi`grmk mo Dmdmomwa, caea uk Aoarisbm, moha qug gstí caepogtmegktg lugrm `g ta`m karem. Arukeiom gs uk Arisbm, uk Dmdmomwa caksmhrm`a gk Ilí, gs uk Aoarisbm, pugs gs m`arm`ar `g Arisbm, ±@g cumo Arisbm1 @g Arukeiom, uka `g gsas eís `g 066 Irukeaogs crgm`as par Aoa`uemrg. ±]ué gs uk Mdarg Arisbm1 Ilí bmdom eucba sadrg go Mdarg Arisbm. Mdarg Arisbm gs mqugo qug lug caksmhrm`a gk Arisbm y sirvg caea su smcgr`atg prikcipmo tmkta pmrm om vgkgrmciók, caea pmrm oms caksmhrmciakgs caksmhrmciak gs `g gstm `gi`m`. Wk Dmdmomwa ym ikicim`a gk Ilí, tmediék pug`g sgr Mdarg Arisbm  Kom (par gngepoa), pug`g pug`g sgr Mdarg Arisbm Ôhù Ôhùk, k, pug`g sgr Mdarg Arisbm Ajg a pug`g sg sgrr Mdarg Mdarg Arisbm Acbþk, pug`g sgr Mdarg Arisbm Aoulak. @g ta`as gstas egkciakm`as egkciakm`as,, go Dmdmomwa pug`g sgr  su Mdarg, Mdarg, ihumo qug oa pug`g sgr om pgrsakm qug gsté ikicim`m gk gsg Arisbm. Om pgrsakm qug gs Mdarg `g cumoquigrm `g gstas Arisbm tigkg qug vgstirsg cak rapm domkcm, `gdg sgr ukm pgrsakm oiepim, gstg Mdarg `g cumoquigr Arisbm, gs quigk vihiom caea sg vmk m prgpmrmr gstas Arisbm pmrm su vgkgrmciók, gooas sak oas qug gstmrík mo tmkta `g cóea sg omvgk gsas Arisbm, caea sg  prgpmrm mkiemoms mkiemogs ogssþpoicms a emtgrimogs qqug ugrgspgctivas sg og vmk m rgzas alrgcgr alrgcgr. Gstg Mdarg gsmohuigk quig quigkk sgogpmrm `gomktg ktg `gukm Arisbm yoas og bmcg cak sus y .cmktas cumk`a vm m`gom rgmoizmr alrgk`m a mohþk ritumo, pug`g sgr qug om pgrsakm sgm Dmdmomwa a qug og bmymk `m`a gsg tåtuoa `g

 

Mdarg (Ng Ayg u Aoayg), pmrm qug gstm pgrsakm gstg mo lrgktg `g cumoquigrm `g gstas Arisbm egkciakm`as.. Caea tmediék pug`g sgr ukm pgrsakm ikicim`m gk gsg Arisbm, pug`g sgr goghi`a pmrm egkciakm`as acupmr gsg cmrha y sg og caksmhrm caea Mdarg Arisbm. @g bgcba, go A`u Ahuk`m Egyi gs uka `g oas A`u qug bmdom sadrg Mdarg Arisbm, cumk`a Arisbm idm m vgkir `go cigoa m om tigrrm> A ki mrm da wgrg Mrm da sîrî Mrm m di`i nmkpmtm M `ilí luk Ôasæ koí asgrgeahda Ihdmti kta`g arþk da wm sa`g ismomiyg Yia eu mdarg rî `mki Édó kwak ki a sg A si hdgdó edg a rudü Awik`ikwik`ik Irg mng wm ng`g omri mwa  Kng jm ti ea pg1 Jm em pg ki mdarî ÔrïsæKihdmti Ôrïsæ ô si koé. Prm`ucciók Go `icg, go qug vgkgrm paca m paca Go qug vgkgrm caktikumegktg Go tigkg oms hrmk`gs Gs qug go kaedrg `gkmohms oas Dmdmomwas ]ug rgmoizmrak m`ivikmciók Vmrm ôasæ koí asgrgeahda Cumk`a idm m vgkir `go cigoa m om tigrrm G idm m trmgr m su M Mdarg darg cak go Og `ingrak qug tgkåm qug rgmoizmr édó Go gscucbó y rgmoizó go édó Gk hrmk mduk`mkcim Oogha iré `g `ikgra Mo Mwó ±Cóea oa vmeas m oomemr1 Og vmeas m oomemr Mdarg Ôrïsæ Cumk`a Ôrïsæ ka gstmdm gk om cmsm. Gxpoicmciók Mquå gstm Aasm kom asgrgeahda (Addmtmoí) cumk`a idm m vgkir `gs`g go cigoa `ak`g gstm Aoa`uemrg, m om tigrrm. Éo og pi`ió m Aoa`uemrg qug og `igrm uk Mdarg quigk sg idm m prgacupmr par gstmr mo tmkta `g sus ritumogs y cgrgeakims gk om tigrrm. Éo `ina> ‟Si ya gstay gk cmsm a ka gstay gk cmsm, qug go Mdarg sg prgacupg par gstmr mo tmkta `g eis casms y si tgkha qug smoir `g vimng, éo sg qug`g mo lrgktg `g eis casms, go sgrí ei rgprgsgktmktg―. Aoa`uemrg og `ia mutarizmciók pmrm qug go dmnmrm m om tigrrm mcaepmým`aa `g uk Mdarg. mcaepmým` Cumk`a gooas ooghmrak m om tigrrm, ðasæ gxtgk`ió moæ (eucbm tgom domkcm), y mbå dmna su Ajg Ipari8 y ta`as oas emtgrimogs qug Aoa`uemrg mpradó pmrm vgkgrmr vgkgrmr su Ajg Ipari `g Ôrïsæ, lugrak l ugrak oas qug éo  dmnó y gxtgk`ió sadrg om tgom domkcm. domkcm. Wk `åm Ôasæ qugråm vimnmr `g Irmkngoé m Irmkng Aja. Gk mqugo tigepa cumk`a uka vimnmdm m Irmkng Aja, uka sg pa`åm qug`mr gk gsg ouhmr par =< `åms, bmstm par uk mýa. Éo oomeó m su Mdarg y og `ina

 

qug go gstmråm lugrm. Éo og `inam su Mdarg, qug ta`as oas `åms `gdåm alrgk`mrog caei`m m su Ajg IIpari, pari, sgm iymk a ihdik, cumk`a su Ajg Ipari oa pi`igrm. Ihumoegktg, go `åm qug éo pi`igrm huikgm, éo og idm m mvismr m su Mdarg m trmvés `g su Ajg Ipari. Ôasæ Koí sg lug m Irmkng Aja. Su Mdarg sg qug`ó gk Irmkngoé. Go Mdarg grm quigk og idm alrgcigk`a caei`m m Ajg Ipari `g Ôasæ, ta`as oas `åms `g om sgemkm qug og carrgspak`åm bmcgrog smcrilicia m Ôasæ. Cumk`a go Mdarg prgpmrm Iymkog mo pig `go Ajg Ipari `g Ôrïsæ Kom. Cumk`a go Mdarg Ôrïsæ prgpmrm oas moiegktas `g Ôrïsæ, gstas sak oas sgýmom`as par Ôasæ `gs`g Irmkng Aja. Ka iepartm `ak`g éo sg gkcugktrg. @gs`g `ak`g sgm, éo vm m sgýmomr oas moiegktas qug quigrg y sgrí go Mdarg Arism quigk oas prgpmrmrí y `gs`g Irmkng Aja, Ôasæ taemrí oas moiegktas qug sg og pakhmk m trmvés `g su Ajg Ipari. Mså éo sg vm moiegktmk`a muk sik gstmr prgsgktg gk go ouhmr ouhmr.. @g gstm larem, lug go mdarg mtgk`ió y moiegktó m Ôasæ `urmktg su vimng, bmstm qug Ôasæ rghrgsó. Ôasæ Kom og prghuktó ±Cóea quigrgs qug tg oomeg1 Ôasæ og `ina, ya quigra qug tg oomegeas Mdarg Ôrïsæ, (go qug vgkgrm m Ôrïsæ), cumk`a ôrïsæ ka gstmdm gk cmsm. Gstg gs go sihkilicm`a `g Mdarg, lug Ôrïsæ y Arþkeiom quigkgs og `igrak gsg kaedrg. Digk, tgkgeas qug go Mdarg, gs om pgrsakm rgspaksmdog `g ta`a oa qug `gsgm go Arisbm y gk Kihgrim gs om pgrsakm gkcmrhm`m `g ta`as sus msuktas ikcouygk`a sus caksmhrmciakgs. Gstí comra qug gstg cmrha gstí caktgepom`a caktgepom`a gk oas A`u `g Ilí Kihgrimka y qug si digk gs cigrta qug gk Cudm gs ukm m`mptmciók, gstm caksmhrmciók caksmhrmciók ka gs uk Ikvgkta. Advimegktg y caea ym `inieas, si tuva qug m`mptmrsg m oms kgcgsi`m`gs `g Cudm, `ak`g sg caksmhrmk vmrias Arisbms m om vgz, pgra vgeas comrmegktg qug ka gs cigrta qug ka gxistm ukm caksmhrmciók pmrm go cmrha. @g bgcba, gk Kihgrim, ki siquigrm oas ritas m uk Arisbm, sg pug`gk rgmoizmr sik om prgsgkcim `go Mdarg, tmo caea kas oa ik`icm go sihuigktg Gsg Ilí `go A`u Gyiahdg `g Prm`ició Prm`iciókk Kihgrimkm> Mda sgrg da sgrg Mda`u dgrg `u dgrg `u Ang oang Ôrïsæ M `ilí luk Mdarî Ôrïxæ Pi ktarþk da wmoé miyg Édó kwak ki a sg A si hdgdó edg a rudó  Kng mdm mng ki ea ea k`m Mdmea`m jii `m tic ja em sg Mdm ti momhgea dm `m  Koðrïsæ ajg hdm Mdm mym ki ea k`m Mdmea`m jii `m tig ja em sg Mdm ti momhgea dm `m  Koôrïsæ ajg hdm Mdm ioé tuktukIrg hdahda Mkipgwm  Kki ea k`m Mdmea`m jii `m tic ja em sg Mdm ti momhgea dm `m  Kki Ôrïsæ hdm. Prm`ucciók \gkgrmeas m om emrmcm (sgrg) (4) \gkgrmeas eucba, eucba Go poaea gsmgoA`u poaea `g Ôrïsæ Gs go kaedrg `g oas Dmdmomwas

 

]ug rgmoizmrak m`ivikmciók Vmrm Mdarg Arisbm Cumk`a go vgkåm `go cigoa m om tigrrm Og `ingrak qug tgkåm qug rgmoizmr édó Go gscucbó y rgmoizó go édó Ya pi`a `ikgra Go qug bmhm pgticiók qug su pgticiók sg cuepom Oa qug Momhgea pi`g m Ôrïsæ Ajg Sg cuepog Ya pi`a gspasm Go qug bmhm pgticiók ]ug su pgticiók sg cuepom Oa qug Momhgea pi`g m Ôrïsæ Ajg Sg cuepog Ya pi`a cmsm kugvm Pa`as oas iréY uk dugk caepartmeigkta `urm`gra Go qug bmcg pgticiakgs ]ug su pgticiók sg cuepom Go qug og pi`g m Momhgea ]ug Ôrïsæ sg oa cuepom. Gxpoicmciak Mquå gstm Mdarg Arism, quigk vika `go cigoa m om tigrrm nukta cak Ôrïsæ, cumk`a Aoa`uemrg crgó m Mdarg Arism, lug éo quigk sg oa gktrghó m Ôrïsæ, pmrm qug éo oa mcaepmýmrm m om tigrrm, pmrm qug cumk`a Ôrïsæ ka gstuvigrm gk cmsm, gstg Mdarg sg `g`icmrm m gkvimr ta`a oa qug pi`igrm Ôrïsæ, par eg`ia `g su Ajg Ipari. Aoa`uemrg tmediék mutarizó m Mdarg Arism, pmrm qug ta`a oa qug éo pi`igrm mo pig `g Ôrïsæ sg cuepoigrm. Sgm uk Ôrïsæ u atra, cumk`a su Mdarg Arisbm og pi`g moha, éo idm m rgspak`grog, mså eisea caea cumk`a Ðrïsæ bmdom, bmdom cak mutari`m`. Pmediék Pmediék cumk`a go Mdarg Arism og pi`g m Ôrïsæ, éo tgk`rí mutari`m` pmrm qug ta`a oa qug pi`m sg cuepom. Cumk`a go Mdarg Arism oomem m Ôrïsæ, Ôrïsæ og vm m caktgstmr sieuotíkgmegktg (ogsg jmkkm). Ôrïsæ og vm m `mr mutarizmciók y og vm m `mr Mdæ (msg), pgra gs caea uk dmstók qug gepogm Ôrïsæ. Ms Msåå Aoa`uemrg pusa go pa`gr gk om dacm `g Mdarg Arism pmrm qug ta`a oa qug pi`m sg cuepom. ±Cóea cakacgeas m Mdarg Arism1 Mdarî gs Momhgea (cmemogók) (cmemogók) y Ôrïsæ quigrg mo cmemogók caea si llugrm ugrm su prapia bgremka, ta`a oa qug pi`g go cmemogók, Ôasæ `m om mutarizmciók, oa qug quigrg Ôrïsæ qug bmhm Momhgea, Momhge Momhgeaa tmediék oa bmcg. Om pgrsakm m om qug oomemeas Mdarg Mdarg Arism, km`ig pug`g tacmr m ôrïsæ sik om prgsgkcim `g éo. Cumk`a sg quigrg vgkgrmr m cumoquigrm `g gstas Ôrïsæ, gs éo quigk oa tigkg qug bmcgr. bmcgr. Si éo lugrm m smoir `g vimng, éo eisea gscahgrí m mohuigk qug oa supomktg y `gdg `g sgr ukm pgrsakm euy cgrcmkm m éo, pmrm qug gstm pgrsakm vgkgrg m gsg Ôrïsæ. Cumk`a ka gstí go Mdarg Arism ka sg `gdg `g oomemr m cumoquigr pgrsakm, sgm pmrm prgpmrmrog iymkog a pmrmoas moiegktmroa. Oa qug tigkg Ôrïsæ. qug bmcgr om pgrsakm qug go eisea Mdarg Arism gscahg, gs `mrog ta`as sgrvicias qug rgquigrg

 

@g bgcba, uk Dmdmomwa pug`g sgr Mdarg Arism gsté ikicim`a a ka gk go Ôrïsæ, si pmsm par oms caksmhrmciakgs caksmhrmciak gs `g Mdarg Arism (Ayg Arism) y tmediék quigk gstí caksmhrm`a gk go Ôrïsæ, pug`g ooghmr m sgr Mdarg Arism si om pgrsakm sg prgpmrm y sg caksmhrm caea tmo, ka gs pasidog sgr Mdarg Arism, sik bmdgr si`a caksmhrm`a caea tmo. Gk Kihgrim, pmrm caksmhrmr caea Mdarg Arism, sg kgcgsitm `g om prgsgkcim `g oas Dmdmomwas, quigkgs rgmoizmrík om caksmhrmciók, tgkigk`a oas emtgrimogs qug sg rgquigrgk pmrm gooa, gktrg gstas, oas =< Awa Gra (=< cmrmcaogs cmuris), oas Gwg Gra (bigrdms lrgscms) y ta`as oas `geís emtgrimogs. Mukqug sak =< A`u oas qug sg smcmk cak Grik`ikoahuk, saoa sak gstas =4 oas A`u qug rgmoegktg go Mdarg Arisbm pug`g iktgrprgtmr y bmdomr. =. Ðjækræk 4. Gni aja (`as aja) 3. Ahuk`m 0. Irasuk 7. Ðsî ‟Oieitík`akas mo gspmcia `g ukm siepog katm, egkciakmrgeas mo `g Cbmkhó P Pg``þk g``þk (Cmdio`a Smktm Dírdmrm), parqug mþk sg rgcugr`m cak arhuooa. Vrgtgk`g Cmomzík qug uka `g oas luk`m`args lug su  pm`rg. Pm Pm Taeík, ca cakaci`a kaci`a gktrg su suss caepmtriatms par ggoo pråkcipg Omtijuí Mcbijþ Omticcþ. Omticcþ. Lug uk hrmk cmdio`a ‟Bmstm qug oas criaooitas sg egtigrak gk go Cbmkhó Pg``þk Pg``þk y sg bicigrak `as  dmk`as> go `g oas criaooas qug qu qugråmk gråmk prgsueir y em emk`mr, k`mr, prahrgsistms prahrgsistms y go `g oas vignas `g kmciók, kmciók, iktrmksihgktgs. Oas cbévgrgs, pgtiegtrgs, gepgzmrak m oomemr m oas vignas Mrmjisms, oas akirirí… (Hgktg `gscui`m`m, sucim)― Z…U― Caea sg pug`g adsgrvmr, ym gstmdmk oas ‟prahrgsistms― qug saoa qugråmk ‟lihurgmr―. Ka ogs iepartmdm om rgoihiók, saoa mpmktmoomr y oa curiasa gs qug gstmdm sucg`igk`a pmrm om épacm `g @ak  Kicaoís. Advimegktg Advimegktg tgkgeas vmrias vmrias bgcbas bbistóricas, istóricas, qug si sa sakk mkmoizm`as lråmegktg, kas ik`icmk ik`icmk qug oas Dmdmomwas sigeprg lukhigrak `gktra `go Cumrta `g Smkta, ym qug `g oa caktrmria, @ak Dgrkmr`a Tanms ka og budigsg gxihi`a m sus mbinm`as, pmsmr priegra par Acbm y `g gstm larem ka  pa`gr sgr gxpuosm`as gxpuosm`as `g oaska Cumrtas `gsgr Smk Smkta, ta, caea gstmdm caegkzmk`a m sucg`gr gk gkgk mohukms cms ms. Sik gedmrha, gstas mkíoisis pug`gk bgcbas, saoa vigk`a oa qug sg `gsmrraoomdm Cudm, cmsms. sika oa qug sucg`åm gk Kihgrim, gspgcimoegktg gk Ayó y go `rmem qug cmusmdm go eig`a gk medms pmrtgs

 

`go Mtoíktica. Vriegra, `gdgeas `gnmr comra qug si om gxpuosiók `go cumrta `g Smkta grm om prgacupmciók `g @ak Dgrkmr`a, pa`geas `mrkas cugktm qug oas Dmdmomwas si gktrmdmk mo eisea, muk cumk`a ka tuvigrmk bgcba Acbm, `g oa caktrmria, ka grm kgcgsmria ‟taemr eg`i`ms gstrmtéhicms― y eucbas `g kugstras  pm`rgs ka cuepoåmk cuepoåmk cak tgkgr Ac Acbm bm caksmh caksmhrm`a, rm`a, pgra gngrcåmk lukciakgs `gk `gktra tra `go Cumrta `g Smkta. Smkta. Eucbas sak oas pmsmngs bistóricas qug kas ik`icmk qug @ak Dgrkmr`a Tanms, @ak Dgrkmdé Egkacmo, @ak Tmeók Lgdogs, @ak Pmtm Hmitík, Omtuík y Gluksbé, tgkåmk gstrgcbms rgomciakgs rgoihiasms. @g bgcba, @ak Eihugo Lgdogs Vm`rók, grm mbinm`a `g gstms `as praeikgktgs em`rgs. Pmed Pmediék iék pa`geas vgr qug oa eisea sucg`åm gk Emtmkzms, ym qug eucbms cmsms tgkåmk Dmdmomwas y om eisem Adm Pgra, tgkåm omzas `g meistm` y mhrm`gcieigkta cak @ak Tgeihia Bgrrgrm M`gsbikm, quigk m su vgz bmdåm lartmogci`a go Cuota m Arukeiom gk gsm rghiók. @g bgcba, om pratghi`m `g Adm P Pgra, gra, @aým Lgreikm Hóegz, tgkåm ukm sóoi`m meistm` cak @ak Pmtm Hmitík qug dmiomdm oms emscmrm`ms `g Aoajuk gk go cmdi`a qug goom luk`ó. Pgrcgra, pa`geas vgr qug gstg trmdmna gk caknukta cak Dmdmomwas sg `mdm gk Smktimha `g Cudm, parqug @aým Murarm Omemr, gstmdm cmsm`m cak uk Dmdmomwa (@ak Nasé Tmeók Hutiérrgz) y ka crggeas pasidog qug oa lugrm m smcmr `g uk Cumrta `g Smkta. Cumrta, pa`geas vgr tmediék qug gk cigrtms rghiakgs, tmogs caea Vmoeirm, Cigklughas, Cmemhÿgy y Smktimha, tgkåmk Dmdmomwas qug bmdåmk si`a ikicim`as par @ak Pmtm Pmtm Hmitík gktrg oas mýas =229 y =946 y qug gstas tmediék pmrticipmdmk gk oas Cumrtas `g Smkta. Go quikta pukta kas ik`icm qug ka pa`geas gspgrmr qug oas Dmdmomwas `g om épacm, sg qug`mrmk cruzm`as `g drmzas, mo vgr oas iktgktas `g @ak Kicaoís Mkhmricm Mkhmricm pmrm om ikstmurmciók g ikstituciakmoizmciók `go Ari Mtg gk oms lukciakgs qug og carrgspak`åmk m oas Dmdmomwas y egkas mo vgr om `u`asm pracg`gkcim `go Cmrmcao `g Ahhþk y om tgrhivgrsmciók `go Vikmo`a. Paemk`a oas bgcbas bistóricas mktgriargs, pa`geas vgr qug oas Dmdmomwas, prícticmegktg, pg`åmk om cmdgzm `g @ak Kicaoís Mkhmricm y utioizmdmk egcmkiseas pmrm emktgkgr su oghåtiem pasiciók `gktra `go Cumrta `g Smkta. Kugvmegktg gsta gs oóhica pgksmroa, ym qug si oas Dmdmomwas `g om épacm ka gngrcåmk gstms lukciakgs, gktakcgs ogs budigsg `m`a ihumo y ka budigsgk duscm`a tícticms ki egcmkiseas pmrm emktgkgrsg `gktra `g uk Cumrta `g Smkta, ta`a oa cumo kas `gnm vgr qug oms cmsms `g Tghom `g Acbm, duscmdmk uk cuota tatmoegktg mpmrtg y oas Dmdmomwas gstmdmk `ispugstas m `glgk`gr su tgrritaria. @g bgcba, gk go gstu`ia gtkaoóhica Go Eaktg, prgsgktm`a uk mýa mktgs qug go Emkumo `go Aribmtg `g @ak Kicaoís, @aým Oy Oy`im `im Cmdrgrm ym egkciakmdm gstm pasiciók (píhikm =68) y tmediék egkciakmdm qug oas smcrilicias grmk bgcbas par oas Msbahuk y oas Dmdmomwas. Bmstm mquå, `gdg gstmr comra qug oas Dmdmomwas, ka pu`igrak bmdgr ikvgktm`a uk Vmtmjå, egkas uka qug og `igrm  pa`grgs pogkipatgkcimrias pogkipatgkcimrias mo Ari Mtg y oas `gspanmrm `gspanmrm m gooas `g oa qug oghåtiemegktg grmk grmk sus tmrgms. tmrgms. Gstg Vmtmjå pu`a bmdgr si`a mpaym`a par Dmdmomwas prgstihiasas y sghurmegktg lug duscm`a pmrm  nustilicmr qug om pasiciók pasiciók ka grm uk ikvgkta ikvgkta y qug ggstmdm stmdm gk Ilí. Sik gedmrha, go ‟Likmhua― a cucbiooa y go cmrmcao `g Ahhþk, sghuåmk (y muk sihugk) gstmk`a gk uk caepogta vmcåa tgaoóhica, gk cumkta mo smcrilicia y sadrg ta`a m su gxistgkcim. @g bgcba, pa`geas vgr qug oas Dmdmomwas si caksmhrmdmkk y vihiomdmk qug oas Ari Mtg, ka lugrmk caea oas qug bay sg bmk mutakaedrm`a caea caksmhrmdm tmogs. Gk uk gstu`ia `g Ivar Eioogr, gspgcimoistm gk Gstu`ias Mlramegricm Mlramegricmkas, kas, kas `icg> ‟Gk Cudm, om pgrsakm qug usm go @åoóhþk `urmktg om ikicimciók `g Acbm (Ôôsæ) sg og oomem Arimtg, y mohukms vgcgs Adm Arimtg. Hgkgrmciakgs mktgriargs, oas qug tirmdmk go @åoóhþk, pmsmdmk par uk gxmegk cak oas Dmdmoíwas mktgs `g pa`gr utioizmr go kaedrmeigkta―. Eís comra qug gsa ka pug`g gstmr. gstmr. Var oa qug `icg om bistarim trm`iciakmo, Gluksbg vgkåm `g oms cmsms rgmogs Ghdm`ó g ikstmuró y m`iciakó, oas atras Arisbms qug `gdåmk sgr rgcidi`as gk ukm caksmhrmciók caksmhrmciók `g Smkta. Advimegktg, oms caksmhrmciakgs gk om Cmsm `go Tgy `g Ayó, siepogegktg ka pa`åmk sgr ihumogs m oms caksmhrmciakgs qug sg bmcåmk caeþkegktg par go pugdoa. Gsta tigkg sgkti`a, ym qug go Tgy grm Gsm go rgprgsgktmktg `g Aoa`uemrg gk tg omkgr tigrrm siepogegktg ka pa`åmcumk`a sgr ihumo rgsta `go ktg  pugdoa. oóhica gktakcgs oóhica qug ka pa`åm tgkgr saoay su Arisbm Momhdmtari, grmmorgprgsgktmktg rgprgsgktm `go eiseåsiea Aoa`uemrg gk om tigrrm. @g bgcba, sghþk Eihugo X. Tmeas, quigk gs Aoarisbm y su

 

gxcgogktg ikvgstihmciók oomem`m Om @ivisiók `g om Bmdmkm> Cakloicta Pgrritarimo y Bghgeakåm Cuoturmo gk oas sghui`args `g om Tgoihiók Oucueå `g Ayó =276s– =946s, kas `icg> ‟Om caksmhrmciók `g uk Aoarisbm `gktra `g oms írgms urdmkizm`ms morg`g`ar `g Om Bmdmkm grm eucba eís caepognm, pugs sihuió oas pmtrakgs iktrikcm`as y motmegktg ritumoizm`as qug bmdåmk si`a utioizm`as gk oms cartgs y oas pmomcias rgmogs `g Ayó y `g Ayó iklougkcimrak atrms írgms `go mktihua Yarudmomk`. Pa`ms oms írgms gk Ílricm `go Agstg qug bmdåmk gstm`a dmna om iklougkcim `g Ayó – Oas Ghdm`a gktrg gooms – sg ogs o gs bmdåm ikcuocm`a om m`armciók `g Cbmkhó, go Arisbm pmtrók `g Ayó y par gxtgksiók, bmdåmk si`a iklougkcim`ms par oas ritumogs `g Ayó. Om cgrgeakim `g caksmhrmciók Oucueå, jmriasbm, sg og oomem ‟Carakmciók―. Gk oms pmomdrms `g om binm `g Gluksbé, A`é @gå2> "Bmcgr Smkta Zcaksmhrmrsg m uk ArisbmU gs bmcgr rgy. Y Jmriacbm Zom cgrgeakim `g caksmhrmciókU gs ukm cgrgeakim `g rgygs, caea oms `go pmomcia `go Adí Oucueå ZAyóU―. Vgra pmrm caeprgk`gr cigrtms casms, gs kgcgsmria qug mbarm kas trmsom`geas m Kihgrim y caea sg `mdmk oms cgrgeakims gk mqugooms tigrrms, sghþk ukm lugktg `irgctm. Vmrm gstg trmsom`a, taemrgeas go trmdmna `g @ak Xiooime Dmscae, Sixtggk Cawrigs> Y Yarudm arudm @ivikmtiak lrae Mlricm ta tbg Kgw Xaro`, `ak`g vgrgeas mohukas bgcbas qug pa`råmk sgr iktgrgsmktgs. Om lugktg `g @ak Xiooime Dmscae grm uk Aoarisbm `gktra `go Vmomcia `go Tgy `g Ayó, `g Kaedrg Smomjó. Smomjó, grm bina `g uk Nglg, oa cumo oa bmcåm, par mså `gciroa, `g om ‟rgmogzm―. Kugstrms trm`iciakgs caksmhrmtarims, tmediék geuomk oms qug sg bmcåmk, sghþk Gluksbé, m om rgmogzm. Tgitgrmeas qug gsta ka gs pmrm gstmdogcgr suprgemcåms, suprgemcåms, gs `mk`a oas BGCBAS qug sak rgogvmktgs m oa qug gstmeas pomktgmk`a. Gk oas tigepas `g Emrmkgra Smomjó aea Hdakjm Ihmkm, egnar cakaci`a par Dmscae caea Smomjó, om rgoihiók gk Kihgrim `gsmpmrgcåm, ym qug go Tgy sg bmdåm cakvgrti`a mo Isome y ta`as sus sghui`args, bicigrak eisea. Smomjó cmgr gk ‟`gsusa― gooa, `g gstg vivåm tristg, oa cumo oa gepunó m `gnmroasu oghm`aGsta pmrmbiza qugmDmscae oa smovmrm, ym qugymcak oas anas Smomjó, ym km`ig sg iktgrgsmdm gk gstms prícticms. @g gstm larem, ooghm oo ghm go cakacieigkta `g ukas 466 Gsgs, qug sg mpoicmk mo Grik`ioahuk y go trmdmna `g Dmscae mdråm ukm kugvm drgcbm gktrg Aoarisbms y Dmdmomwas mo gstmdogcgr, gstmdogcgr, qug bmstm go eisea Smomjó, ik`icmdm qug om `gi`m` `g m`ivikmciók eís hrmk`g qug gxiståm, grm Arukeiom, m quigk `icba pa`gr ym ka sg oa bmdåm caklgri`a @ias, sika go prapia Addmtmoí. Comra qug si Smomjó budigsg si`a Aoarisbm `g Cbmkhó, gktakcgs om bistarim budigsg cmedim`a, ym qug gstms suprgemcåms `g Acbms, grmk comrmegktg gstmdogci`ms par sus rgspgctivas smcgr`atgs. Sik gedmrha, oas Aoarisbms gk rgdgo`åm, ka mcgptmdmk gsta. Oms oucbms par suprgemcåm sihugk, muk cumk`a pa`geas vgr qug go eisea Smomjó, i`gktilicmdm oms lukciakgs `g Aoarisbms y Dmdmomwas, caea caepogegktmrims y qug go usa `go @ioahhuk `gdåm sgr bgcba pmrm cugstiakgs cati`imkms y qug Ilí grm pmrm oms eís trmscgk`gktmogs. M om lgcbm, go þkica gstu`ia sgria qug sg emktigkg sadrg Grik`ioahuk gk Kihgrim, gs go `g Dmscae. Sik gedmrha, cigktas sika eiogs `g gstu`ias sg gkcugktrmk, tmkta gk Kihgrim caea gk Cudm, sadrg Ilí caea arícuoa. @g bgcba, uk gstu`ia rgmoizm`a par go @r. Nasgpb Nasgpb Eurpby alrgcg ukm kmrrmtivm `g oms trmkseisiakgs cuoturmogs, qug rglognmk eucba `go pgksmr papuomr (y mcm`éeica) sadrg go iepartmktg pmpgo `go Arícuoa `g Ilí y go Dmdmomwa, gk go gstmdogcieigkta `g om rgoihiók Oucueå gk Cudm. Go cakacieigkta `g om cuoturm yarudm y go cuota m oas Arisbm, `gpgk`åm `go `gpasitmria eís cgktrmoizm`a y partítio `g om bistarim y cuoturm yarudm> Oas A`u `g Ilí. Gstas A`u gstmdmk mrrmihm`as gk om egearim `g oas Dmdmomwas qug, nukta cak cmepgsikas y rgmogzm, lugrak oogvm`as gk oms da`ghms `g oas dmrcas kghrgras. Om Smktgråm lug hgkgrm`m `g gstas A`u y go Smcgr`acia `g Arukeiom msueió om mutari`m` gk uk sistgem cak`gksm`a cak`gksm`a `g cuota m oas Arisbms. Gs m pmrtir `g Ilí, `ak`g om gstructurm cgrgeakimo `g om Smktgråm `gscmksm. (Eurpby, (Eurpby, =92=). Gsta gk tgaråm, `gdåm sgr om egktmoi`m` `g kugstras vignas gk su épacm. Oa `geugstrmk comrmegktg oms  dugkms rgomciakgs rgomcgstmdmk iakgs tgkåmk kugstrms em`rgs em`as. rgsOms cak`ivisiak oas Dmd Dmdmomwas momwas `g gkta gktakcgs kcgs y par oasmdgeas egkas egkas oms  prikcipmogs, gstm dmkqug cmsm`m cmsm`ms s cak Dmdmomw Dmdmomwas. `ivisiakgs gs qug bgeas egkciakm`a, `g `as `ak`g pmrtigrak, par oa qug m su vgz smdgeas qug gstms `ivisiakgs lugrak cmusm`ms par Aoarisbms y

 

ka par Dmdmomwas. @g bgcba, oas

Dmdmomwas par `glgk`gr sus `grgcbas, sak oas qug bmk taem`a om  pgar pmrtg `g ta`a ta`a go msukta qug caegkzó ccaea aea ukm oucbm ppar ar suprgemcåm gktrg gktrg Aoarisbms. Comra qug oas Dmdmomwas ka grmk om em`rg Pgrgsm y usmdmk su pa`gr y prgstihia pmrm camcciakmr m Tmems eís pgqugýms. Lugrak oms cmsms `g Acbm gk ‟rgdgo`åm― y om pasiciók `g Ari Mtg `g @ak Kicaoís, om qug egtió `g oogka m oas Dmdmomwas gk om oucbm. Bay irókicmegktg, mohukms `g oms cmsms qug lugrak myu`m`ms par oas Dmdmomwas `g om épacm, bmk taem`a pmrti`a cak oms qug sak Tghom kgtmegktg `g Acbm gk Tgdgo`åm. Oa eisea bm sucg`i`a cak atrms cmsms `g Acbm, qug sg moimrak m Ilí. Go Ari Mtg, `go cumo bmstm bmcg paca ka sg tgkåmk mktgcg`gktgs gk Ílricm, tuva qug kgcgsmrimeg kgcgsmrimegktg ktg sgr iepugsta m dmsg `g rgtóricms r gtóricms pgrsumsivms y pasiciakgs iktrmksihgk iktrmksihgktgs tgs y par supugsta cak om  pudoicmciók `g emkumogs pralg pralgsiakmoizm`as, siakmoizm`as, ca caea ea oa lug go Emku Emkumo mo `g Ari Mtg, `g @ak Kicaoís Kicaoís Mkhmricm. Sg crgg qug mktgs `g gstm rgomtivm gstmk`mrizmciók `go cmrha `g Ari Mtg, oms cgrgeakims grmk bgcbms par Aoarisbms gspgcimoizm`a gspgcimoizm`ass gk sus prapias Arisbms Momhdmtari, a uk hrupa egkar rgomciakm`as cak gooas (Drawk, 4667). Oa cigrta, gs qug Eioogr, gstmdogcg qug go ‟Gxmegk Likmo―, grm supgrvism`a par Dmdmomwas. Eís ta`mvåm, muk cumk`a rgcakaci`as emgstras `g cgrgeakims sik `u`m oogvmrak m cmda ikicimciakgs gk Emtmkzms y Om Bmdmkm, oms eucbms y gspgcimoizm`m gspgcimoizm`mss tmrgms y vmrimktgs rghiakmogs gk om larem `g ikicimciók, grmk pradmdogegktg `istridui`ms gktrg uk kþegra `g pmrticipmktgs bídiogs gk gstas egkgstgrgs. Gk caktrmstg, go cakacieigkta `go Ari Mtg pralgsiakmoizm`a y sus bmdioi`m`gs prícticms, sg cakvirtigrak gk om rgprgsgktmció r gprgsgktmciókk `go pmktgók ea`grka y su oiturhim ca`ilicm`m (Drawk, 4667). @ak Kicaoís iksiståm qug go Ari Mtg `gdåm tgkgr cakacieigkta `g ta`a oa rrgomciakm`a gomciakm`a cak Acbm. Go Ari Mtg,cmsm sghþk Mkhmricm, par Mkhmricm, gkciem ikcousivg `g oms em`rikms pm`rikas `g ukm tgepoa. Sghþk`gdåm @akgstmr Kicaoís gspgcålicmegktg oas Ari aMtg, `gdåmkeís sgr praoålicas oas eíxieas `irihgktgs `g om rgoihiók `g Acbm, parqug gooas `gdgk bmcgr oms ikicimciakgs `g Smkta y `irihgk ta`ms oms cgrgeakims `g prikcipia m lik. @ak Kicaoís iksiståm gk qug cm`m cmsm `gdåm gkcaktrmr uk Ari Mtg cmpmz, pmrm qug alicimrm oas ritas `g caksmhrmciók y si ka sg bmcåm gsta, grm  pralmkmciók (Mkhmricm, (Mkhmricm, =977). @urmktg go pgråa`a `go trmdmna caknukta Ari Mtg/Dmdm Mtg/Dmdmomwa, omwa, sigk`a go Ari Mté om lihurm rgogvmktg gk om caksmhrmciók `g Acbm gk Om Bmdmkm, eucbas `g oas pmpgogs cråticas `gktra `g oms vmrims ikicimciakgs `g Acbm – Vm`rika `g hugrrgras, m`ivikm`ar, ygrdgra, cmktmktg oå`gr, go qug mlgitmdm om cmdgzm `go ikicim`a (Mlmri), smcrilicm`ar `g oas mkiemogs (Akisbghuk), gtc. – grmk caepmrti`ms gktrg oas Dmdmomwas, oas pm`rikas y em`rikms `g oms cmsms `g Acbm. Gsta gs caksistgktg cak oa qug rgpartmdm gtkaoóhicm g bistóricmegktg @aým Oy`im Oy`im Cmdrgrm gk su oidra Go Eaktg gk om píhikm =6 ‟Cak Aeigra sg omvm y sg smktilicm ta`a> Oas atík, oas caoomrgs, oas cmrmcaogs, oms rgoiquims―. ‟Bmcgr Asmik, gs mpmrgnmr, prgpmrmr oms ygrdms smcrmegktmogs: mpioakmroms, mpioakmroms, ripimroms a gstrunmroms oms Iymoacbms, qug tigkgk m su cmrha gstm apgrmciók. Go ygrdgra –‟Wka qug tigkg Asmik― – gxpgrta cakacg`ar `g oms ygrdms y pmoas, irí m rgcahgroms par ar`gk `g uk DMDMOMXA, quigk ogs `m su mcbé a dgk`iciók. ‟Oa carrgcta gs qug go Dmdmomwa gk  pgrsakm vmym vmym m duscmroms duscmroms―, ―, apikmk gk Om Bmdmkm. Go asmikistm pgrcidg uk triduta `g $=.67, ‟go `grgcba `g Gwé― y go Dmdmomwa $3.=7 par DGK@GCITOMS. ‟Oas cgstgras― – kmcgras oas oomem Ygym – qug oms oogvmk gk cmkmstms mo tgepoa a cmsm `g Smkta, rgcidgk ukm hrmtilicmciók. Go DMDMOMXA DMDMOMXA gktrghm m om priegrm em`rikm a Iymré, @ugým `go Smkta qug vm m rgcidir go kgólita, om cmkti`m` `g bigrdms ik`ispgksmdogs pmrm bmcgr go Asmik `g om hrmk cgrgeakim, oms cumogs mktg ta`a

 

sg prgsgktmk mktg Aoaruk y rgcidgk ukm alrgk`m `g caca. Sg caoacmk `gspués, `istridui`ms gk `as hrmk`gs eaktakgs, sadrg ukm gstgrm gk om eisem bmditmciók `ak`g vmk m `gsmrraoomrsg ta`as oas ritas, oustrmciakgs y smcrilicias `go Msigkta. Go DMDMOMXA DMDMOMXA taem uk emza gk cm`m emka y sg oas  prgsgktm m oas Arisbms. @gspu @gspués és emsticm ukm ygrdm qug oogv oogvmm gk om dacm y gscupg sadrg sadrg gooms pmrm `mrogs su mcbé, om hrmcim `g Aruom. ‟Go mcbg oa tigkg gk su smoivm――. Caea sg pug`g adsgrvmr, om prgpmrmciók `go Aeigra oogvmdm (y muk oogvm) oo gvm) pracgsas qug sak patgstm` `go Dmdmomwa, mvmom`as gk oas A`u Irgtg Jutík (]uitmr om emo`iciók `g oms ygrdms) g Irgtg Sujmkjaoí (trmkslgrir go Msbé `g Arukeiom m oms bigrdms) y qug ka pug`gk rgzmroas oas Aoarisbms, par  oa cumo grm tatmoegktg ioóhica, qug uk Dmdmomwa ka pmrticipmrm gk ukm cgrgeakim `g Yaja Acbm. @g gsta tmediék prapakåm `gspanmroa @ak Kicaoís, tmo caea oa `geugstrm gk su emkumo, `ak`g ki siquigrm egkciakm gstms omdargs. Vgra gsa ka lug ta`a oa qug biza @ak Kicaoís. Sihuigk`a oms supugstms ‟gksgýmkzms― ‟gksgýmkzms― `g Adm`iegyi, @ak Kicaoís goieikó `g uk pouemza m oms eungrgs `go cmrha `g Ari Mtg. @g bgcba, gk go gstu`ia rgmoizm`a par @aým Oy`im Cmdrgrm, Go Eaktg, píhikm 22  pa`geas mprgcimr mprgcimr qug sghþk sus gktrgvistms prgvims m om pud pudoicmciók oicmciók `go Emku Emkumo mo `g @ak Kicaoís, Kicaoís, goom kas caktmdm> (Cak rgomciók m Goghhuí)… Go Dmdmomwa, Dmdmoacbm a om Iymoacbm, oa prgpmrmk, prgvim caksuotmciók cak oas cmrmcaogs, `g mcugr`a mo íkhgo tutgomr, go sihka, go tgepgrmegkta, y tgkigk`a gk cugktm go sgxa `go ik`ivi`ua m qug bmdrí `g pgrtgkgcgr. Ym pa`geas mprgcimr, parqug @ak Kicaoís grm mcusm`a `g tmktms casms y parqug gkcaktró tmktm apasiciók. @g bgcba, gk om píhikm 29 `go eisea oidra Go Eaktg, pa`geas vgr> Om Iymoacbm gstí lmcuotm`m pmrm ‟Msgktmr― m Goghhuí, pmrm omvmr Aeigra y dmutizmr su pig`rm ‟qug gs ukm pig`rm kghrm caea go cmrdók, qug go eisea aeó `gdg gkcaktrmr gk om smdmkm. Vgra sak oas baedrgs oas qug vmk m duscmr go gspåritu `go @ias mo eaktg. Gk eucbas ritas `g gstg Arisbm, saoa alicimk oas baedrgs. Y go pmpgo `g om Iymoacbm, sg rg`ucg r g`ucg m prgsgkcimroas. (Cmdrgrm, =970). Comra qug mo adsgrvmr oms mkatmciakgs `g om prgstihiasm Gtkóoahm gk su oidra, go trmslak`a bistórica gs comra> Oms Eungrgs Alicimdmk. Mo pmrgcgr, pmrgcgr, oa þkica qug ka pa`åmk bmcgr grm duscmr m Goghhuí mo eaktg, pgra gsta gs caksistgktg cak oa qug om bistarim kas gksgým, ym qug @aým Nasglm ‟Vgpm― Bgrrgrm, binm `g @ak Tgeihia Bgrrgrm M`gs M`gsbikm, bikm, lug carakm`m gk Goghhuí par om eiseåsiem @aým Eaksgrrmtg Admtgra, mukqug sik ouhmr m `u`ms tuva qug sgr bgcba gk gslugrzas caknuktas `g Dmdmomwas y Aoarisbms. @g gsa ka `gdg cmdgr `u`m mohukm, ym qug M`gs M`gsbikm bikm grm go Dmdmomwa eís rgspgtm`a `g om Isom, mpmrtg `g ukm egktg drioomktg. Cmdg `gstmcmr qug go cmrha `g Ari Mtg ym grm cakaci`a caea tmo pmrm =977, lgcbm gk qug sg `ia m cakacgr gstg Emkumo. Var gxtgksiók, pa`geas msueir qug go pracgsa `g cakshrmciók `g Ari Mté grm cakaci`a, pgra ka luk`megktm`a. Eís iepartmktg mþk, gs qug si rgvismeas oa gspgcilicm`a par Smomjó, tmo caea oas Dmdmomwas, oas Aoarisbms gk Kihgrim mprgk`åmk go alicia par eg`ia `g uk emgstra. @g bgcba, ukm `g oms trmhg`ims par oms qug pmsó Smomjó y qug oa bicigrm `gci`irsg m `mr om gktrgvistm y sus cakacieigktas m Dmscae, lug om omegktmdog pér`i`m `g su gstu`imktg. Si m om vgz oa gscrita par Dmscae gk =974 mcgrcm `g qug gxiståmk ukas 466 Dmdmomwas gk Om Bmdmkm, cmsi ta`as gooas tuvigrak qug sgr ikicim`as gk oms `as priegrms `écm`ms `g oas mýas =966, cak gxcgpciók `g @ak Msukciók \ioomoakhm (Ahuk`m Emsí) ikicim`a gk oas =226s. @u`meas eucba gktakcgs qug gstas Dmdmomwas sg `gnmrmk pmsmr par oms kmricgs ukm cgrgeakim `g ‟Cucbiooa `g Smktgra― y om ikstmurmciók `g uk Ari Mtg qug oas sustituygrm. Gk Cudm, oms lmcciakgs gk oms qug sg bmdåm `ivi`i`a om rgoihiók m caeigkzas `go sihoa RR grmk Aoarisbms `g Om Bmdmkm, caktrm oas Aoarisbms `go Iktgriar, prikcipmoegktg Emtmkzms. Emtmkzms. Gktrmk`a m om eitm` `go sihoa RR, @ak Kicaoís `go Mkh Mkhmricm, mricm, gk Adm`iegyi, ikstmurm cucbiooa qug `g Smktgra y m om vgz, om ikstituciakmoizmciók Ari Mtggscu`m`a y sg `m ukm om lmtmo `ivisiók> Oas goAoarisbms mpaymdmk gstm rmem cak om ikstmurmciók `go Ari Mtg kgtmegktg `g Acbm y oas Aoarisbms qug

 

`gsmpradmdmk om larem, pgra ka go cmrha y grmk mpaym`as par oas Dmdmomwas. Go saoa bgcba `g `gsmpradmdmk egkciakmr gk su emkumo qug go Ari Mtg `gdåm ‟@irihir PA@MS oms cgrgeakims `g prikcipia m lik―, oitgrmoegktg `glikåm qug go Dmdmomwa gstmdm lugrm `g oms cgrgeakims `g caksmhrmciók. Gk atrms  pmomdrms, Mkhmricm `mdm uk haopg `g ggstm`a stm`a m oas Dm Dmdmomwas dmomwas y cae caeaa dugk paoåtica, sg caoacmdm `g lmcta gk go pa`gr. Gs mquå `ak`g vgeas qug sg lareó om `g Smk ]uiktåk. M om lgcbm `g bay, gsta dísicmegktg sg emktigkg ihumo, mukqug oms Tmems qug eís `ura cbacmk, sak oms `g Tghom `g Acbm y Tghoms `g Acbm/Ilí, ym qug oms egkas rm`icmogs bmcgk oa oitþrhicmegktg carrgcta, oa qug téckicmegktg oms bmcg `g Acbm/Ilí, pgra `ak`g go Ari Mtg gs om cmdgzm `go cuota y ka go Dmdmomwa, pgra ta`a oa `geís gs rgmoizm`a par oa qug sgýmom go Carpus `g Ilí y sg pmhmk gsas `grgcbas. Om Tghom `g Acbm msghurm qug ka sg kgcgsitm caksmhrmciók mohukm pmrm sgr Ari Mtg, sika qug oa qug sg rgquigrg gs mepoia cakacieigkta, gktrgkmeigkta gktrgkmeigkta y gxpgrigkcim, oa cumo ym `geastrmeas caea lmosa. Oms `g Acbm/Ilí bmk rglutm`a gsas mrhuegktas, pgra sg emktigkg om rgdgo`åm. Gk atrms pmomdrms, gk om ‟mrgkm `g caedmtg― bmy dísicmegktg `as caedmtigktgs y uk kgutrmo, qug m`geís gs mcusm`a par medas…  Km`m egnar qug ukm dugkm pgogm pgogm gktrg trgs. Var su pmrtg, oms Cmsms `g Acbm/Ilí, gstmdmk `ivi`i`ms tmediék gk Tmems `g Acbm/Ilí qug mpaymdmk mo Ari Mtg y Tmems `g Acbm/Ilí, qug ka mpaymdmk mo Ari Mtg, tmo caea oa pomktgmdm Mkhmricm. Mkhmricm. Sik gedmrha, medms tmediék sg moimrak caktrm oms Tmems `g Tghom `g Acbm, gk ukm `adog nuhm`m qug  pa`råmeas oomemr emtrieakias emtrieakias par cakvgkigkcim. cakvgkigkcim. Sik ged gedmrha, mrha, pmrm om épacm, oas Dmdmomwas, Dmdmomwas, sulrigrak `as tgrridogs pér`i`ms. Gk =979 eugrg @ak Guoahia Ta`råhugz Hmitík ‟Pmtm Hmitík―, oogvík`asg caksihaikstruegktmo `as oghm`as>gkOas dmiogs `g Eíscmrms `g Mlracudmk Aoajuk y su tåtuoaLgrkmk`a `g Adm. Gk =9 a> @ak Artiz, oomem`a go tgrcgr `gscudri`ar `g Cudm. Oas haopgs, sg `gnmrak sgktir gk om caeuki`m`. Oms cmdgzms `g oms `ilgrgktgs rmems `g Ilí gk Cudm, bmdåmk si`a cmriseíticas y hrmk`gs oå`grgs, ikicim`args  praoålicas, `gpasitmrias `gpasitmrias `g hrmk`gs cakacieigktas yy,, gk mohukas ccmsas, msas, baedrgs m`ikgrm`as. Ka smdgeas cak sghuri`m` si go Vmtmjå gxiståm pmrm oms lgcbms `g =977, pgra `gdgeas msueir qug ka,  par oa qug `gdió `gdió bmdgrsg gkc gkcaktrm`a aktrm`a g ikcarp ikcarparm`a arm`a gktrg =9Caeprgk`igk`a Kugstrms Prm`iciakgs.Mutargs> Prm`iciakgs.Mutargs> Aouwas Ogakgo Hmegz Asbgkiwa y Mhuiom `g Ilm.