IOTA - What is IOTA - A Primer on IOTA & the Tangle

What is IOTA?

OVERVIEW IOTA is a completely new and innovative distributed ledger technology designed to improve on the limitations of current blockchain design. The highlight of IOTA is the Tangle, IOTA's answer to the blockchain, in which tokens can be transferred without any fees! This enables micro payments which is ideal for the Internet of Things economy, which is one of the primary industries IOTA targets.

BRIEF HISTORY IOTA was founded by 4 individuals: David Sønstebø, Sergey Ivancheglo (@come-from-beyond), Dr. Serguei Popov (@mthcl), and Dominik Schiener in 2015. This team has been involved in the crypto space for years and was also behind NXT and the Proof-of-Stake algorithm, which many coins currently use. Working on a stealth microprocessor, Jinn, IOTA was born out of necessity for a compensation layer in the Economy of Things. IOTA held a crowdsale in November/December of 2015, which it raised a total of 1337 Bitcoin. The devs and founders as well had to participate in the crowdsale as nothing was held back for a premine or for the Foundation. 100% of the tokens were distributed. When first launched total supply of the IOTA was 999,999,999.999.999. This was later changed to 2,779,530,283,277,761 IOTA instead to optimize for IoT devices, clarified in this tech update. You can confirm the total supply in the below graphic. Exchanges are currently trading in Mi. Ex. there are ~2,779 Ti in circulation.

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July 11, 2016 - IOTA main-network goes live. June 13, 2017 - IOTA launched on exchanges (Bitfinex currently). July 11, 2017 - Last day to claim IOTA tokens from the crowdsale.

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IOTA FOUNDATION In March of 2016, a call was made by David to the community to raise funds for the IOTA Foundation. Over 5% of the total supply was voluntarily donated by the community to setup the foundation. The Foundation's purpose is "a continuation and expansion of the work that the founders of IOTA has already done including networking, branding, marketing, land deals, getting companies to pilot / adopt IOTA, go to conferences to present IOTA and in general keep the momentum of IOTA going and ensure long term success of the project. " Current Foundation Members David Sønstebø (IOTA Founder) Sergey Ivancheglo (IOTA Founder) Serguei Popov (IOTA Founder) Dominik Schiener (IOTA Founder) David A. Cohen Dr. Navin Ramachandran Carsten Stöcker Gideon Samid Per Lind Regine Haschka Helmer Wilfried Pimenta de Miranda Jochen Renz John D. Halamka Cyril Grunspan

THE TANGLE

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At the heart of IOTA is the Tangle, a blockchain with no blocks and no chain! This distributed ledger technology is based on a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph), that still functions similar to a blockchain with a P2P network and validation mechanism.

IOTA merges both the user and the validator into the same entity. For every single transaction issued, a small PoW is performed to validate 2 prior transactions. This takes miners completely out of the equation which can cause all sorts of centralization issues. With IOTA, the entire network of participants are responsible for approving and validating transactions. The more people use IOTA, the more transactions will be confirmed. Here is a visualization of the tangle.

Selection of transactions to approve is done by MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) randomization. For consensus, how the network reaches agreement is essential to the integrity of the network. One of the lead developers, Sergey Ivancheglo, gave a Consensus Masterclass, that goes into depth on how this is achieved.

Without miners in the equation, IOTA is able to scale with no fees! This allows micropayment and even nanopayment settlement use cases. Furthermore, as the network grows so does its scalability, solving both the main problems of blockchain (scaling and fees) with 1 stone ...

For a more in-depth look at the Tangle, you can browse the Tangle Whitepaper.

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ROADMAP

With every token and platform, a roadmap gives investors and developers a picture of where the founders envision they are going. In March 2017, the IOTA Development Roadmap was released.

CLIENT DEVELOPMENT Java - Core IOTA Reference Implementation (IRI) was written in Java. (Done) C++ - Most supported languages in the world, this client is the highest priority (Early Port Stage) Rust - Great language for IoT (Early Development) Go - Already used in the IOTA Sandbox (Early Development) ALTERNATE CLIENTS Light Client - Bare bones and lightweight, connects to a full node (Done) Swarm Client - Client that shards the core logic/database then allows them to collectively run it (Research Stage)

NEW FEATURES Improved Network - Peer discovery and network brokering (Active Research) Automated Snapshotting - Snapshotting allows the database to remain small for network use (Development & Testing)

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IXI MODULES

Identity of Things - Unique identifiers with attributes for the machine economy (Preliminary Stages) Permanodes - These nodes will store the 'entire' Tangle apart from snapshotting (Alpha Testing) Flash Network - True scalability with unlimited throughput (Mid-Stage Development) Masked Authenticated Messaging (MAM) - Allows encrypted data to be sent/received with no fees. Quantum proof! (Beta Testing) Private Transactions - Like MAM for data, transactional privacy is coming (Early Development) Oracles - Like smart contracts, an oracle machine can solve decision problems (Advanced Development)

ECOSYSTEM PROJECTS Stress Testing - Continuous testing of scalability and throughput (Ongoing Planning and Testing) Public Simulations - Simulation framework to see the Tangle in action (Awaiting Peer Review) Sandbox - Allows developers to dive right in and test out the network (Go here) Learn Tutorials, resources, and code snippets for the community (Go here)

SECURITY

IOTA looks ahead. IOTA uses a hash-based signatures instead of elliptic curve cryptography. They use Winternitz signature which makes IOTA quantum proof. The hash function is called Curl.

Quantum computing is rapidly approaching and will continue to enter the crypto discussion more and more. IOTA's quantum resistant algorithm will ensure the protection of its network, data, and transactions.

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OFFICIAL LINKS IOTA Website IOTA Forum IOTA Blog Slack BitcoinTalk IOTA Learn WhitePaper Reddit Twitter IOTA Developer Hub Tangle Explorer

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