Investigacion de Accidente
July 15, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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F@]KNW@ GD ILVD_WIBNOI@L GD ILOIGDLWD_ Y NOOIGDLWD_ GD W]NMNC@ UN]N DKU]D_N_ NFIHINGN_ N N]H-_T]N ]D_@HTOI@L >75> GD =552
Vdrsiÿl = - =5/>=/=5>? NOOIGDLWD P NOOIGDLWD PP PP
Q
Q
NOOIGDLWD B]NVD B]NVD P
NOOIGDLWD K@]WNH K@]WNH PPPPPPPPP
NOOIGDLWD HDVD PPPPPPPP
FDOAN DL ^TD _D DLVËN HN ILVD_WIBNOIßL N HN N]H3
FDOAN DL ^TD _D DLVËN ]DO@KDLGNOIßL N HN DKU]D_N3
KK/GG/NN
PPPPP / PPPP / PPPPPP KK/GG/NN
O@@]GILNG@] GDHDBNG@3 GDHDBNG@3 GIDB@ N]KNLG@ UNM@L VIHHNKISN] DU_ N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHIN NFIHING@3 G@3
ILOIGDLWD PPPPP
ON]B@33 NTQIHIN] _I_@ ON]B@
OßGIB@ OßGIB @ DU_
N]H N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHIN NFIHING@3 G@3
_NHTGO@@U
OßGIB@ N]H
N]H _T]N
NFU N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHING@
OßGIB@ NFU @ _DBT]@ _@OINH
_I
_DBT]@ _@OINH
L@
OTÎH
U]@WDOOI@L
5.=
I. IGDLWIFIONOIßL BDLD]NH GDH DKUHDNG@], O@LW]NWNLWD @ O@@UD]NWIVN WIU@ GD VILOTHNG@] HNM@]NH3
(>) DKUHDNG@]
(=) O@LW]NWNLWD
(?) O@@UD]NWIVN GD W]NMNC@ N_@OING@
_DGD U]ILOIUNH L@KM]D GD HN NOWIVI VIG GNG DO@LßKION
O`lstr struooiÿ oiÿl gd Dgifionoi` oi`lds pnrn us` L` ]dsig sigdloin oinh
OßGIB@
L@KM]D @ ]NSßL _@OINH
WIU@ GD IGDLWIFIONOIßL
LÓKD]@
O@L_W]TOOI@LD_ Y D^TIU@_ ]] _N_
LI
OO
OD
L.T
UN
LIW. 955.1=9.157-9
GI]DOOIßL
WDHÉF@L@
O] 74O -?5-47
665 55 21
FNQ
O@]]D@ DHDOW]ßLIO@
GDUN]WNKDLW@
KTLIOIUI@
f`rknhdtnsydquip`srrEa`tknih.o`k
KDWN
VIHHNVIDLOI@
S@LN T
ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@ G@LGD HNM@]N DH W]NMNCNG@]
_@L H@_ GNW@_ GDH ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@ H@_ KI_K@_ GD HN _DGD U]ILOIUNH0 L@KM]D GD HN NOWIVIGNG DO@LßKION GDH ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@
7>>=
_I
_ßH@ DL ON_@ LDBNWIV@ GIHIBDLOIN] HN_ _IBTIDLWD_ ON_IHHN_ _@M]D ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@3 OßGIB@ GD HN NOWIVIGNG DO@LßKION GDH 7>>= ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@
L@
O@L_W]TOOI@L
GI]DOOIßL
WDHÉF@L@
onrrdrn ?= Lµ ?2-?> Mnrri`3 Odltr`
?>5 466 17 =?
GDUN]WNKDLW@
FNQ
KTLIOIUI@
KDWN
]
OßGIB@
S@LN T
VIHHNVIODLOI@
]
II. ILF@]KNOIßL GD HN UD]_@LN ^TD _D NOOIGDLWß WIU@ GD VILOTHNOIßL3
(>) UHNLWN
U]IKD] NUDHHIG@
(=) KI_IßL
(?) O@@UD]NG@
(7) D_WTGINLWD @ NU]DLGIS
_DBTLG@ NUDHHIG@
]@LONLOI@ WIU@ GD IGDLWIFIONOIßL
OO
OD
LÓKD]@
L.T
WI
OßGIB@ (4)
U]IKD] L@KM]D
_DBTLG@ L@KM]D
UNMH@
DKIHI@
FDOAN GD LNOIKIDLW@
= 7
>?,6>2,151
UN
(4) ILGDUDLGIDLWD
5 2
GI]DOOIßL
> 9 1 =
_DQ@
K
WDHÉF@L@
?=5 ?>5 41 4>
Knlznln 4, Onsn 6 - Mnrri` hn ]dhiquin GDUN]WNKDLW@
KTLIOIUI@
KDWN
VIHHNVIODLOI@
@OTUNOIßL ANMIWTNH
S@LN T
`mrdr` gd o`lstruooi`l OßGIB@ @OTUNOIßL ANMI
FDOAN GD ILB]D_@ N HN DKU]D_N
5 2
5 4
ON]B@ ]
@FIOINH GD @M]N
5
WIDKU@ GD @OTUNOIßL ANMIWTNH NH K@KDLW@ GDH NOOIGDLWD
_NHN]I@ T A@L@]N]I@_ (KDL_TNH)
=
F
FNQ
C@]LNGN GD W]NMNC@ ANMIWTNH (>) GIT]LN (=) L@OWT]LN
5 > 4 $ 677,?=5
(?) KIQW@
6
5 =
(7) WT]L@_
III. ILF@]KNOIßL _@M]D DH NOOIGDLWD FDOAN GDH NOOIGDLWD
> >
A@]N GDH NOOIGDLWD
5 2
= 5
C@]LNGN DL ^TD _TODGD (>) L@]KNH
W@WNH WIDKU@ HNM@]NG@
(>) _I
5 7
ONT_ ONT_ß ß HN HN KT KTD] D]WD WD NH NH W]NM W]NMNC NCNG NG@] @]00 (>) _I
> >
GËN GD HN _DKNLN DL DH ^TD @OT]]Iß DH NOOIGDLWD HT KN KI CT VI
? 5
_N
Q
G@
D_WNMN ]DNHISNLG@ _T HNM@] ANMIWTNH0
(=) DQW]N
U]DVI@ NH NOOIGDLWD
(5-=? A]_)
> 4
? 5
(=) L@
OTÎH0
HTBN] G@LGD @OT]]Iß DH NOOIGDLWD3
OßGIB@
WIU@ GD NOOIGDLWD (>) VI@HDLOIN
GD GDUN UN]W ]WNK NKDL DLW@ W@ GD GDHH NNOO OOIG IGDL DLWD WD
(=) L@
(Gihibdloinr sÿh` dl ons` ldbntiv`)
KDWN
(=) W]ÎL_IW@
FDOAN GD HN KTD]WD GG/KK/NN PP / PP / PP
(?) GDU@]WIV@
KTLIOIUI@ GDH NOOIGDLWD
(>) GDLW]@ GD HN DKU]D_N
ILGI^TD OT OT H _ _IIWI@ (I (Ilgiqud g` g`lgd ` `oourr rriiÿ)
(7) ]DO]DNWIV@ @ OTHWT]NH
(4) U]@UI@_ GDH W]NMNC@
S@LN G@LGD @OT]]Iß DH NOOIGDLWD T ]
VIHHNVIODLOI@ (=) FTD]N GD HN DKU]D_N
WIU@ G GD D HD HD_I L (K (KN]^TD O@ O@L TL TLN Q OT H @ OT HD_)
(>) NHKNODLD_ @ GDUß_IW@_
(>5) F]NOWT]N
(=) Î]DN_ GD U]@GTOOIßL
(=5) HTQNOIßL
(25) DLVDLDLNKIDLW@ @ ILW@QIONOIßL NBTGN @ NHD]BIN
(?) Î]DN_ ]DO]DNWIVN_ @ U]@GTOWIVN_ (7) O@]]DG@]D_ @ UN_IHH@_
(=4) W@]ODGT]N, D_BTILOD, GD_BN]]@ KT_OTHN], AD]LIN @ HNOD]NOIßL GD KÓ_OTH@ @ WDLGßL _IL AD]IGN
(15) DFDOW@ GDH WIDKU@, GDH OHIKN T @W]@ ]DHNOI@LNG@ O@L DH NKMIDLWD
(4) D_ONHD]N_
(?5) O@LK@OIßL @ W]NTKN ILWD]L@
(1>) N_FIQIN
(6) UN]^TDNGD]@_ @ Î]DN_ GD OI]OTHNOIßL VDAIOTHN]
(75) NKUTWNOIßL @ DLTOHDNOIßL (Dxohusiÿl ` pérgign gdh `c`)
(1=) DFDOW@ GD HN DHDOW]IOIGNG
(2) @FIOILN_
(7>) AD]IGN
(1?) DFDOW@ L@OIV@ GD HN ]NGINOIßL
(1) @W]N_ Î]DN_ O@KTLD_
(45) W]NTKN _TUD]FIOINH (Ilohuyd rnsbuþ`, puloiÿl ` piloanz` y hdsiÿl dl `c` p`r oudrp` dxtrnþ`)
(95) HD_I@LD_ KÓHWIUHD_
(9) @W]@. (Dspdoifiqud)
(44) B@HUD, O@LWT_IßL @ NUHN_WNKIDLW@ (65) ^TDKNGT]N
(99) @W]@. (Dspdoifiqud)
UN]WD GDH OTD]U@ NUN]DLWDKDLWD NFDOWNG@3
(>) ONMDSN
NBDLWD GDH NOOIGDLWD3 (O@L ^TÉ _D HD_I@Lß DH W]NMNCNG@])
(>.>=) @C@
KDONLI_K@ @ F@]KN GDH NOOIGDLWD (>) ONËGN GD UD]_@LN_ (=) ONËGN GD @MCDW@_
(=) OTDHH@
(>) KÎ^TILN_ Y/@ D^TIU@_
(?) UI_NGN_, OA@^TD_ @ B@HUD_
(?) W]@LO@ (Ilohuyd dspnhgn, o`hukln vdrtdmrnh, kéguhn dspilnh, péhvis)
(=) KDGI@_ GD W]NL_U@]WD
(7) NW]NUNKIDLW@_
(?) NUN]NW@_
(?.?=) Wß]NQ
(?.?6) AD]]NKIDLWN_, IKUHDKDLW@_ @ TWDL_IHI@_
(4) _@M]DD_FTD]S@, D_FTD]S@ DQOD_IV@ @ FNH_@ K@VIKIDLW@
(?.??) NMG@KDL
(7) KNWD]INHD_ @ _T_WNLOIN_
(7) KIDKM]@_ _TUD]I@]D_
(7.7) ]NGINOI@LD_
(7.76) KNL@_
(4) NKMIDLWD GD W]NMNC@ (Ilohuyd supdrfioids gd trîlsit` y gd trnmnc`, kudmhds, tdcng`s, dl dh dxtdri`r, iltdri`r ` sumtdrrîld`s)
(2) DQU@_IOIßL @ O@LWNOW@ O@L HN DHDOW]IOIGNG
(4) KIDKM]@_ ILFD]I@]D_ (4.46) UID_
(6) @W]@_ NBDLWD_ L@ OHN_IFIONG@_
(1) DQU@_IOIßL @ O@LWNOW@ O@L _T_WNLOIN_ L@OIVN_, ]NGINOI@LD_ @ _NHUIONGT]N_
(6) TMIONOI@LD_ KÓHWIUHD_
(6.6>) NLIKNHD_ (Viv`s ` pr`guot`s nliknhds)
(9) @W]@. (Dspdoifiqud)
(2) HD_I@LD_ BDLD]NHD_ T @W]N_
(2) NBDLWD_ L@ OHN_IFIONG@_ U@] FNHWN GD GNW@_
IV. GD_O]IUOIßL GDH NOOIGDLWD
(6) DQU@_IOIßL @ O@LWNOW@ O@L WDKUD]NWT]N DQW]DKN
UD]_@LN_ ^TD U]D_DLOIN]@L DH NOOIGDLWD
GD_O]IMN GDWNHHNGNKDLWD DH NOOIGDLWD. ^TÉ H@ @]IBIL@ @ ONT_ß (]dsp`lgn n hns prdbultns qué pns`, ouîlg`, gÿlgd, oÿk` y p`r qué)
_dbul vdrsi`l gdh trnmncng`r nooigdltng` dh gën >> gd cuhi` n hns >>3?5 NK, dh trnmncng`r UNMH@ DKIHI@ ]@LONLOI@ gd hn Dkprdsn o`ltrntistn O@L_W]TOOI@LD_ Y D^TIU@_ ]] _N_ h`s ounhds ngdhnltnl hn o`lstruooiÿl gdh Ludv` pnrqudngdr`, _d dlo`ltrnmn gdsonrbnlg` aidrr` (fhdcds) gdsgd hn pnrtd trnsdrn gdh vdaëouh` (onrr`odrën) n uln nhturn npr`xikngn gd >.?5 KW_. Dh trnmncng`r nrbukdlt` nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd, qud nh gdsonrbnr h`s fhdcds gdsgd hn onrr`odrin gdh onki`l nh pis`, dst`s sd dlrdgnl dl dh bunltd gd onrlnzn gdh trnmncng`r pr`v`onlg` dh gdsodls` gdsgd hn onrr`odrën nh pnvikdlt` pr`v`onlg` dl dh trnmncng`r b`hpds dl gifdrdltds pnrtds gdh oudrp`.
ATM@ UD]_@LN_ ^TD U]D_DLOIN]@L DH NOOIGDLWD0
_I
DL ON_@ NFI]KNWIV@, GIHIBDLOIN] HN _IBTIDLWD ILF@]KNOIßL3
L@
NUDHHIG@_ Y L@KM]D_ O@KUHDW@_
G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIGNG
DLOI_@ HD@L C@_D KNLTDH ON]B@
OO
OD
L.T
WI
UN
WI
UN
WI
UN
L`3 1652>571
NHKNODLI_WN GDOHN]NOIßL NGCTLW@ GDOHN]NOI@L GDOHN]NOI@L GDH WD_WIB@ (VD (VD] ] NLDQ@_).
FI]KN3 NUDHHIG@_ Y L@KM]D_ O@KUHDW@_
G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIGNG
OO ON]B@
OD
L.T
L`3
GDOHN]NOIßL
FI]KN3 UD]_@LN ]D_U@L_NMH ]D_U@L_NMHD D GDH ILF@]KD (]dprds (]dprdsdltnltd dltnltd ` Gdhdbng`) NUDHHIG@_ Y L@KM]D_ O@KUHDW@_
G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIGNG
UNM@L VIHHNKISN] GIDB@ N]KNLG@ ON]B@
OO
OD
L.T
NTQIHIN] _I_@
L`.
FI]KN
FDOAN GD GIHIBDLOINKIDLW@ GDH ILF@]KD GDH NOOIGDLWD
G G V. @M_D]VNOI@LD_ @M_D]VNOI@LD_ GD HN DKU]D_N DKU]D_N (D^TIU@ (D^TIU@ GD _NHTG @OTUNOI@LNH, @OTUNOI@LNH, CDFD CDFD ILKDGINW@ ILKDGINW@ Y O@KIWÉ UN]IWN]I@ UN]IWN]I@
K K
N N N N
Nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd, ul` gd h`s trnmncng`rds qud sd dlo`ltrnmn dl dh îrdn gd trnmnc` (Knludh Dlois`), Dlois`), gi` nvis` n hn mribngn gd prikdr`s nuxihi`s, o`k` tnkmiél nh _I_@ dlonrbng` gd hn @mrn, p`r o`lsibuidltd sd prdstnr`l h`s prikdr`s nuxihi`s anoidlg` uln vnh`rnoiÿl ilioinh gdh nooigdltng`, _d s`hioitÿ np`y` gd hn nkmuhnloin pnrn rdnhiznr dh trnshng` nh odltr` nsistdloinh kîs odronl` (Ohëlion Kdtn) g`lgd rdoimiÿ ntdloiÿl kégion. VI. GIMTC@ @ F@W@_ (O@H@ON] (O@H@ON] NOÎ DL F@]KNW@ F@]KNW@ C.U.B. @ NLDQN]) NLDQN])
NGCTLW@ DVIGDLOIN_ DVIGDLOIN_ F@W@B]NFION_ F@W@B]NFION_ (VD] NLDQ@). NLDQ@).
VII. GI_DÞ@ GI_DÞ@ D_^TDKÎWIO@ D_^TDKÎWIO@ GDH Î]M@H GD ONT_N_ ONT_N_ (O@H@^TD DH DH N]M@H GD ONT_N_ ONT_N_ DL D_WD D_WD _IWI@ @ NLDQN]) NLDQN])
NGCTLW@ N]M@H N]M@H GD ONT_N_ ONT_N_ (VD] NLDQ@). NLDQ@).
VIII. ]D_TKDL ]D_TKDL GD ONT_N_ ONT_N_ Y O@LOHT_I@LD_ O@LOHT_I@LD_ (Hns onusns dlo`ltrngns dlo`ltrngns dl dh nrm`h o`h`onrhns o`h`onrhns dl sus rdspdotiv`s onkp`s)
ONT_N_ ILKDGINWN_
O@LGIOIßL _TMD_WNLGN]
ONT_N_ MN_ION_
NOW@_ _TMD_WNLGN]
FNOW@]D_ GD W]NMNC@
FNOW@]D_ UD]_@LNHD_
@UD]N] @ W]NMNCN] N VDH@OIGNG FNHWN GD IL_UDOOIßL GT]NLWD DH ILODBT]N U]@OD_@ GD ON]BTD Y GD_ON]BTD GD KNWD]INHD_
O@LGIOI@L _TMD_WNLGN]3 D_UNOI@ HIM]D ILNGDOTNG@ UN]N K@VIKIDLW@_ GD UD]_@LN_ T @MCDW@_
. HNLSN] KNWD]IN] DL HTBN] GD ON]BN]H@ @ UN_N]H@
DQIBDLOIN DQOD_IVN DL DH WIDKU@ UN]N ]DNHISN] HN HNM@]
D_WNLGN] GDFIOIDLWD GD W]NMNC@
IQ. KDGIGN_ GD ILWD]VDLOI@L LDOD_N]IN_ N IKUHDKDLWN] MT_ONLG@ ^TD DH DVDLW@ L@ _D ]DUIWN WIU@ GD O@LW]@H (_dþnhnr
O@LW]@HD_ N IKUHDKDLWN] _DBÓL HI_WN U]I@]ISNGN GD ONT_N_
o`l uln Q dl g`lgd nphion)
FDOAN DCDOTOI@L GG/KK/NN
FDOAN VD]IFIONOI@L VD]IFIONOI@L GG/KK/NN
DFDOWIVIGNG GD HN KDGIGN
N]DN @ UD]_@LN ]D_U@L_NMHD GD VD]IFIONOI@L GD GD HN DKU]D_N
ILGTOOIßL Y ]DILGTOOI@L BDLD]NH GD H@_ ]ID_B@_ N_@_OING@_ N HN_ NOWIVIGNGD_ DL @M]N DL _DBT]IGNG Y _NHTG DL DH W]NMNC@
Q
2/>?/=5>4
1/6/=5>4
IKUHDKDLWN] Y GIVTHBN] D_WÎLGN] GD W]NMNC@ W]NMNC@ _DBT]@ GD ON]BTD Y GD_ON]BTD GD KNWD]INHD_ UN]N HN @M]N @ M]N
Q
1/?>/=5>4
9/?5/=5>4
O``rgilng`r _I_@, Nuxihinr _I_@
ONUNOIWN] Y _@OINHISN] HDOOIßL NU]DLGIGN
Q
2/?5/=5>4
1/=9/=5>4
O``rgilng`r _I_@
DH _I_@ _TUD]VI_N]N _TUD]VI_N]N D IL_UDOOI@LN]N ONGN VDS ^TD _D ]DNHIODL HNM@]D_ GD ON]BTD Y GD_ON]BTD GD KNWD]INH
Q
1/=7/=5>4
1/=7/=5>4
@J
O``rgilng`r _I_@, @J
UN]N HN @M]N ONUNOIWN] NH UD]_@LNH DL @M]N DL3 NTW@OTIGNG@ HNM@]NH, (K@WIVNOIßL Y HIGD]NSB@), KNLDC@ GD _W]D__ HNM@]NH
=2 =2/52/=5>4
1/=4/=5>4 @J
5>/59/=5>4
ONUNOIWN] DL KNLDC@ _DBT]@ GD ON]BN_
O``rgilng`r _I_@, Nuxihinr _I_@
9/>6/=5>4
Nuxihinr _I_@ NU@Y@ (N]H M@HIVN]) NTQIHIN] _I_@
Q. UN]WIOIUNLWD_ GD HN ILVD_WIBNOIßL L@KM]D
ON]B@
]DU]D_DLWNLWD GD ]IB@MD]W@ ]D_W]DU@ HN DKU]D_N T_TN]IN @ OHIDLWD _i n hion hion CDFD ILKDGINW@ LDH_@L H@UDS (o``rgilng`r gd prikdr`s nuxihi`s ) GIDB@ UNM@L
c`sd knludh dlois` dlois`
O@@]GILNG@] _@ (cdfd mribngistn )
rdprdsdltnltd gdh o`pnsst
GDUN]WNKDLW@
KTLIOIUI@
GI]DOOI@L
FDOAN GG/KK/NN
KDWN
VIHHNVIODLOI@
ON]]D]N 74O -?5-47
1/4/=5>4
7355 UK
KDWN
VIHHNVIODLOI@
KS 94 ON_N 4 ]DHI^TIN
1/4/=5>4
7355 UK
KDWN
VIHHNVIODLOI@
O]N ?6 Lµ 74-54
1/4/=5>4
7355 UK
KDWN
VIHHNVIODLOI@
Onhhd 42 sur 75->>
1/4/=5>4
7355 UK
]DU]D_DLWNLWD HDBNH
U]@FD_I@LNH DL _NHTG @OTUNOI@LNH
A@]N FI]KN PP /PP G@O IGDLWIF
FI]KN Y G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIFIONOI@L
HIODLOIN L@
DQUDGIGN U@]
FI]KN Y G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIFIONOI@L
HN ILF@]KNOIßL O@L_IBLNGN DL DH U]D_DLWD F@]KNW@ D_ GD U]@UIDGNG DQOHT_IVN GD HN DKU]D_N. HN N]H-_T]N L@ _D ANOD ]D_U@L_NMHD U@] H@_ GNW@_ ^TD NHHË NUN]DODL. FDOAN GD DLVË@ GD HN ILVD_WIBNOIßL Y _T_ ]DO@KDLGNOI@LD_ N HN GI]DOOI@L WD]]IW@]INH GDH KILI_WD]I@ GDH W]NMNC@ (D_UNOI@ UN]N _D] GIHDBDLOING@ U@] HN N]H) PKKPP / GGPPP / NNPPP
ILF@]KD GD DLFD]KDGNG U]@FD_I@LNH GDH DKUHDNG@] @ O@LW]NWNLWD
L`.
L@WN3 _ÿh` gihibdloinr ounlg` dxistn ginblÿstio` gd hn dlfdrkdgng p`r ul kégio`.
DU_ N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHING@
OßGIB@ DU_ N]U N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHING@
OßGIB@ N]U
NFU N HN ^TD D_WÎ NFIHING@
OßGIB@ NFU @ _DBT]@ _@OINH
_DBT]@ _@OINH
_I
L@
OTÎH
I. IGDLWIFIONOIßL BDLD]NH GDH DKUHDNG@], O@LW]NWNLWD @ O@@UD]NWIVN WIU@ GD VILOTHNG@] HNM@]NH3
(>) DKUHDNG@]
(=) O@LW]NWNLWD
(?) O@@UD]NWIVN GD W]NMNC@ N_@OING@
_DGD U]ILOIUNH L@KM]D GD HN NOWIVIGNG NOWIVIGNG DO@LßKION
OßGIB@
L@KM]D @ ]NSßL _@OINH
WIU@ GD IGDLWIFIONOIßL
LI
OO
LÓKD]@
OD
L.T
UN
GI]DOOIßL
WDHÉF@L@
O@]]D@ DHDOW]ßLIO@
GDUN]WNKDLW@
FNQ
KTLIOIUI@
S@LN T
ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@ G@LGD HNM@]N DH W]NMNCNG@]
_@ _@L L H@ H@_ GNW GNW@ @_ GDH GDH OD ODLW LW]@ ]@ GD W]N W]NMN MNC@ C@ H@ H@_ _ KI_ KI_K@ K@_ _ GD GD HN HN _DG _DGD D U]I U]ILO LOIU IUNH NH00
_I
]
OßGIB@
_ßH@ DL ON_@ LDBNWIV@ GIHIBDLOIN] HN_ _IBTIDLWD_ ON_IHHN_ _@M]D ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@3
L@
L@KM]D GD HN NOWIVIGNG DO@LßKION GDH ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@
OßGIB@ GD HN NOWIVIGNG DO@LßKION GDH ODLW]@ GD W]NMNC@
GI]DOOIßL
WDHÉF@L@
GDUN]WNKDLW@
FNQ
KTLIOIUI@
S@LN T
]
II. ILF@]KNOIßL GD HN UD]_@LN N ^TIDL _D HD GINBL@_WIOß HN DLFD]KDGNG WIU@ GD VILOTHNOIßL VILOTHNOIßL33
(>) UHNLWN
(=) KI_IßL
U]IKD] NUDHHIG@
_DBTLG@ NUDHHIG@
WIU@ GD IGDLWIFIONOIßL
OO
(?) O@@UD]NG@
OD
LÓKD]@
L.T
WI
(7) D_WTGINLWD @ NU]DLGIS U]IKD] L@KM]D
UN
G G
KTLIOIUI@
@OTUNOIßL ANMIWTNH
OßGIB@ @OTUNOIßL ANMIWTNH
FDOAN GD ILB]D_@ N HN DKU]D_N
G G
K K
N
_DQ@
K K
S@LN T
_NHN]I@ T A@L@]N]I@_ (KDL_TNH)
N N N
OßGIB@ (4)
_DBTLG@ L@KM]D
FDOAN GD LNOIKIDLW@
GI]DOOIßL GDUN]WNKDLW@
(4) ILGDUDLGIDLWD
K
N N N N
WDHÉF@L@
F
FNQ
ON]B@ ]
WIDKU@ GD @OTUNOIßL ANMIWTNH NH K@KDLW@ GDH GINBLß_WIO@ GD HN DLFD]KDGNG (Dl gëns y kdsds)
G G
KK
C@]LNGN GD W]NMNC@ ANMIWTNH (>) GIT]LN
(=) L@OWT]LN
(?) KIQW@
(7) WT]L@_
III. ILF@]KNOIßL _@M]D HN DLFD]KDGNG GINBLß_WIO@
OßGIB@ GINBLß_WIO@
(*Kégio`s o`l onpnoigng gd ginblÿstio` sil o`kpdtdloin hdbnh
GINBL@_WIONGN U@] (>) KG DU_ *
(=) KG IU_*
(?) KG N]U
(7) KG DKU]D_N*
NUDHHIG@_ Y L@KM]D_ GDH KÉGIO@
(?) KG UN]WIOTHN]*
pnrn gdtdrkilnr `ribdl)
]DBI_W]@ KÉGIO@
FDOAN GDH GINBLß_WIO@
G G
KK
N N N N
IV. ILF@]KNOIßL _@M]D FNOW@]D_ GD ]ID_B@ N_@OING@_ O@L HN DLFD]KDGNG Dxistd Ilf`rknoiÿl0 _I
L@
Dl ons` nfirkntiv`, ilgiqud h`s fnot`rds gd ridsb` n h`s ounhds an dstng` dxpudst` dh trnmncng`r y qud sd dloudltrdl rdhnoi`lng`s rdhnoi`lng`s o`l hn dlfdrkdgng, pnrn ongn ul` gd dhh`s ilgiqud tidkp` gd dxp`sioiÿl sdból sd trntd gd h` notunh ` nltdri`r, gd noudrg` o`l h`s nltdodgdltds y fulgnkdlt`s t`kng`s dl oudltn p`r dh kégio` qud ginbl`stioÿ hn dlfdrkdgng y hn aist`rin hnm`rnh gdh trnmncng`r. FNOW@] GD ]ID_B@
WIDKU@ DQU@_IOIßL DKU]D_N @ O@LW]NW@ NOWTNH (Dl kdsds)
OTÎHD_ FNOW@]D_
WIDKU@ DQU@_IOIßL DL DKU]D_N_ @ O@LW]NW@_ NLWD]I@]D_ (Dl kdsds)
(>) FË_IO@ (=) ^TËKIO@ (?) MI@HßBIO@ (7) D]B@LßKIO@ (4) U_IO@_@OINH (6) NKMIDLWNH
V. ILF@]KNOIßL _@M]D DVNHTNOI@LD_ KÉGION_ @OTUNOI@LNHD_ ]DNHISNGN_ NH W]NMNCNG@] (_ÿh` knrqud si ` l` sd ginbl`stioÿ hn dlfdrkdgng p`r
GDWDOOIßL GD HN DLFD]KDGNG U@] NHBTLN GD HN_ _IBTIDLWD_ DVNHTNOI@LD_ KÉGION_ @OTUNOI@LNHD_
nhbuln gd hns dvnhunoi`lds oitngns, rdnhizngns nh trnmncng`r) (>) DVNHTNOI ßL ßL KG U]D-@OTUNOI @L @LNH0 (>) _I
( =) =) L@
(=) DVNHTNOI ßL ßL KG UD]IßGION @OTUNOI@LNH0
( >) >) _I _I
(=) L@
(? (?)) DVN DVNHT HTNO NOIß IßL L KÉG KÉGIO ION N GD GD DB] DB]D_ D_@0 @0
(>)) _I (> _I
(=) L@
VI. K@LIW@]D@_ ]DHNOI@LNG@_ O@L HN DLFD]KDGNG Dl dh ons` gd qud ounhquidrn gd h`s sibuidltds aumidrn sig` fulgnkdlt` pnrn dh ginblÿstio` gd hn dlfdrkdgng, gdmdrîl oitnrsd y nl`tnr hn fdoan gd su rdnhiznoiÿl dl hn onsihhn
Dl dh ons` gd qud ounhquidrn gd h`s sibuidltds aumidrn sig` fulgnkdlt` pnrn dh ginblÿstio` gd hn dlfdrkdgng, gdmdrîl oitnrsd y nl`tnr hn fdoan gd su rdnhiznoiÿl dl hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd.
_I
L@
WIU@ - OTNHD_
FDOAN
(>) KDGIOI@LD_ NKMIDLWNHD_ (=) ILGIONG@]D_ MI@HßBIO@_ (?) D_WTGI@ GD UTD_W@ GD W]NMNC@ N I ]
N O L N N M I N M I K O @ L H D @ G O L D D W G L I ] D U T _
(7) @W]@_
UD]_@LN ]D_U@L_ ]D_U@L_NMHD NMHD GDH ILF@]KD (]dprdsdltnltd (]dprdsdltnltd ` Gdhd Gdhdbng`) bng`) O@KUHDW@_3 NUDHHIG@_ Y L@KM]D_ O@KUHDW@_3
FI]KN
G@OTKDLW@ GD IGDLWIGNG
OO
OD
L.T
WI
UN
L`. @ G N H I B I V
ON]B@3
FDOAN GD GIHIBDLOINKIDLW@ GDH ILF@]KD GD DLFD]KDGNG U]@FD_I@LNH3
G G
K K
N N N N F =75> - _NH VD]_IßL >
BD]DLOIN GD U]DVDLOIßL GD ]ID_B@_ 59/99
GIHIBDLOIN] _WD F@]KTHN]I@ O@L HNUIOD]@ LDB]@
F@]KNW@ GD ILVD_WIBNOI@L GD ILOIGDLWD_ Y NOOIGDLWD_ GD W]NMNC@ UN]N DKU]D_N_ NFIHINGN_ N N]H-_T]N ]D_@HTOI@L >75> GD =552 ]dsp`lgn ongn uln gd hns prdbultns ilgiongns, o`l hdtrn ikprdltn ohnrn ` n kîquiln gd dsorimir ` dl dh o`kputng`r. L` hhdld h`s dspnoi`s s`kmrdng`s. Dst`s ólionkdltd gdmdl sdr gihibdloing`s p`r hn dltigng L@WN3 ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds (N]H). GNWI@_ BDLD]NHD_ DU_ n hn qud dstî nfihing`3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hn dltigng pr`k`t`rn gd snhug n hn qud sd dloudltrn nfihing` dh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Oÿgib` DU_3 Nl`td dh oÿgib` dstnmhdoig` p`r hn _updriltdlgdloin Lnoi`lnh gd _nhug pnrn hn dltigng pr`k`t`rn gd snhug o`rrdsp`lgidltd. N]H n hn qud dstî nfihing`3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds n hn qud sd dloudltrn nfihing` dh dkphdng`r ` trnmncng`r ilgdpdlgidltd, sdból dh ons`, nh k`kdlt` gd `ourrdloin gdh nooigdltd gd trnmnc` qud sd rdp`rtn.
Oÿgib` N]H3 Nl`td dh oÿgib` dstnmhdoig` p`r hn _updriltdlgdloin Filnloidrn gd O`h`kmin pnrn hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds o`rrdsp`lgidltd. NFU n hn qud dstî nfihing`3 Knrqud o`l uln Q dl hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd si sd trntn ` l` gd O`hpdlsi`lds. Dl ons` ldbntiv`, kdloi`ld hn ngkilistrng`rn gd f`lg`s gd pdlsi`lds n hn qud sd dloudltrn nfihing` dh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Oÿgib` NFU ` _dbur` _`oinh3 Nl`td dh oÿgib` dstnmhdoig` p`r hn _updriltdlgdloin Filnloidrn gd O`h`kmin pnrn hn ngkilistrng`rn gd f`lg`s gd pdlsi`lds ` O`hpdlsi`lds, sdból o`rrdsp`lgn.
I. IGDLFIFIONOIÝL BDLD]NH GDH DKUHDNG@], O@LW]NWNLWD @ O@@UD]NWIVN Igdltifionoiÿl gdh dkphdng`r, o`ltrntnltd ` o``pdrntivn3 _d rdfidrd n h`s gnt`s gd igdltifionoiÿl gdh dkphdng`r, o`ltrntnltd ` o``pdrntivn, sdból dh ons`. _d dltidlgd dkphdng`r nqudh qud tidld o`k` trnmncng`r uln pdrs`ln gdpdlgidltd, o`ltrntnltd nqudh qud tidld o`ltrnt` o`l ul trnmncng`r ilgdpdlgidltd y o``pdrntivn nqudhhn dltigng qud pudgd notunr o`k` dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd, pdr` pnrn dfdot`s gd hn prdsdltd rds`huoiÿl, sd knron Q sÿh` ounlg` dh ilf`rkd o`rrdsp`lgn n ul ns`oing`: dl ons` o`ltrnri`, sd knronrî Q dl hn onsihhn dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd sdból h` gdfilig` dl dh prdsdltd ilstruotiv`.
_dgd Uriloipnh3 O`rrdsp`lgd n h`s gnt`s gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. Dl h`s ons`s gd dkprdsns tdkp`rnhds o`rrdsp`lgd n h`s gnt`s gd gioan dltigng. Ounlg` sd trntd gd trnmncng`rds ilgdpdlgidltds, dstn onsihhn gdmd sdr gihibdloingn o`l h`s gnt`s gdh o`ltrntnltd.
L`kmrd gd hn notivigng do`lÿkion3 Kdloi`ld hn notivigng do`lÿkion n hn qud pdrtdldod dh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd, hn ounh gdmd dstnr rdhnoi`lngn o`l hn tnmhn gd notivigngds do`lÿkions vibdltds pnrn dh _istdkn Bdldrnh gd ]idsb`s hnm`rnhds.
Oÿgib`3 Dspnoi` qud gdmd sdr gihibdloing` ólionkdltd p`r hn dltigng ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds, sd gdmdrî nl`tnr dh oÿgib` gd hn notivigng do`lÿkion gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd, gd noudrg` o`l h` gispudst` dl hn ohnsifionoiÿl gd notivigngds do`lÿkions vibdltd.
L`kmrd ` rnzÿl s`oinh3 Dspdoifiqud dh l`kmrd ` hn rnzÿl s`oinh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd, tnh o`k` sd
dloudltrn ilsoritn dl hn Oîknrn gd O`kdroi` ` dltd anmihitng`r pnrn tnh fil. Wip` gd Igdltifionoiÿl3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh tip` gd g`oukdlt` gd igdltifionoiÿl gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd y nl`td dl dh dspnoi` L`., dh lókdr` o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh tip` gd g`oukdlt` qud igdltifion nh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. _d dltidlgd LI; Lit, OO; oéguhn gd oiugngnlën, OD; oéguhn gd dxtrnlcdrën, LT; Luip ` lókdr` ólio` gd igdltifionoiÿl pdrs`lnh, UN; pnsnp`rtd.
Girdooiÿl3 Dsorimn hn girdooiÿl gd hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. Wdhéf`l`3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` tdhdfÿlio` gd hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. Fnx3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` gd fnx gd hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. O`rrd` dhdotrÿlio` (d-knih)3 Nl`td dh o`rrd` dhdotrÿlio` gdh rdprdsdltnltd gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd, ` gd su gdhdbng`.
Gdpnrtnkdlt`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh gdpnrtnkdlt` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd gdpnrtnkdlt` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
Kulioipi`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh kulioipi` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd kulioipi` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl. S`ln3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn z`ln g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd priloipnh gdh dkphdng`r ` o`ltrntnltd yn sdn onmdodrn kulioipnh-Trmnln (T) y ]dst`- ]urnh (]). Odltr` gd trnmnc` g`lgd hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r3 _d rdfidrd n h`s gnt`s o`rrdsp`lgidltds nh hubnr g`lgd hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r. Dl dh dspnoi` gd Oÿgib` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh lókdr` gd oÿgib` nsë3 > si dh odltr` gd trnmnc` ds ólio` ` o`rrdsp`lgd n hn kiskn sdgd priloipnh: = nh prikdr odltr` gd trnmnc` dstnmhdoig` dl hn nfihinoiÿl, gifdrdltd nh nltdri`r: ? nh sdbulg` dstnmhdoig` y nsë suodsivnkdltd, sdból dh ons`. Ilgionr dl hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltds së ` l` h`s gnt`s gdh odltr` gd trnmnc` o`rrdsp`lgdl n hn sdgd priloipnh. Dl ons` ldbntiv` sd gdmdrîl gihibdloinr hns onsihhns o`rrdsp`lgidltds n hn ilf`rknoiÿl s`mrd dh odltr` gd trnmnc` qud o`rrdsp`lgn.
L`kmrd gd hn notivigng do`lÿkion gdh odltr` gd trnmnc`3 Notivigng do`lÿkion n qud pdrtdldod dh odltr` gd trnmnc` g`lgd hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r ` g`lgd sd dloudltrn dl kisiÿl, hn ounh gdmd dstnr rdhnoi`lngn o`l hn tnmhn gd notivigngds do`lÿkions vibdltd pnrn dh _istdkn Bdldrnh Bdldr nh gd ]idsb`s hnm`rnhds.
Oÿgib` gd hn notivigng do`lÿkion gdh odltr` gd trnmnc`3 Dspnoi` qud gdmd sdr gihibdloing` ólionkdltd p`r hn dltigng ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds. Girdooiÿl3 Dsorimn hn girdooiÿl gd hn sdgd g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiong` dh odltr` gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r. Wdhéf`l`3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` tdhdfÿlio` gd hn sdgd ` gdh odltr` gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r.
Fnx3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` gd fnx gd hn sdgd ` gdh odltr` gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r. Gdpnrtnkdlt`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh gdpnrtnkdlt` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd ` dh odltr` gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng`, hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd gdpnrtnkdlt` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl. Kulioipi`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh kulioipi` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd ` dh odltr` gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng`, hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd kulioipi` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
S`ln3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn z`ln g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn sdgd ` dh odltr`
gd trnmnc` dl dh ounh hnm`rn dh trnmncng`r, yn sdn onmdodrn kulioipnh- Trmnln (T) y ]dst`-]urnh ( ] ).
II. ILF@]KNOI@L GD HN UD]_@LN ^TD _D NOOIGDLW@
Wip` gd vilouhnoiÿl3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd, sdból dh tip` gd vilouhnoiÿl gdh trnmncng`r, nsë3 (>) phnltn, (=) dl kisiÿl, (?) o``pdrng`, (7) dstuginltd ` nprdlgiz, (4) Ilgdpdlgidltd. Ounlg` sd trntd gd trnmncng`r ilgdpdlgidltd, sd gdmdrî nl`tnr dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn notivigng do`lÿkion qud gdsnrr`hhn y gdmd sdr gihibdloing` p`r hn dltigng ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng`. _d dltdlgdrî o`k` trnmncng`r gd phnltn nqudh qud tidld vilouhnoiÿl girdotn o`l hn dkprdsn y o`k` trnmncng`r dl kisiÿl nqudh qud ds sukilistrng` p`r uln dkprdsn tdkp`rnh. _d dltdlgdrî o`k` trnmncng`r ilgdpdlgidltd, dh qud hnm`rn p`r oudltn pr`pin, dst` ds, sil vëlouh` hnm`rnh. _d gdmdrîl t`knr dl oudltn h`s térkil`s dstnmhdoig`s dl dh Gdordt` 2=? GD =5>?. _d dltdlgdrî o`k` o``pdrng` nqudh qud sd dloudltrn ns`oing` n uln o``pdrntivn gd trnmnc` ns`oing`.
Npdhhig`s y l`kmrds o`kphdt`s3 Dspdoifiqud h`s npdhhig`s y l`kmrds gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc` dl `rgdl gd prikdr y sdbulg` npdhhig`, prikdr y sdbulg` l`kmrd. Wip` gd igdltifionoiÿl3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh tip` gd g`oukdlt` gd igdltifionoiÿl gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc` y dl dh dspnoi` L`. dsorimn dh lókdr` o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh tip` gd g`oukdlt` qud igdltifion nh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. _d dltidlgd OO; oéguhn gd oiugngnlën, OD; oéguhn gd dxtrnlcdrën, LT;Luip ` lókdr` ólio` gd igdltifionoiÿl pdrs`lnh, WI; Wnrcdtn gd igdltigng, UN; pnsnp`rtd. Fdoannþ`). gd lnoikidlt`3 Dsorimn hn fdoan o`rrdsp`lgidltd, dl dh `rgdl dl qud sd dspdoifion dl dh f`rknt` (gën, kds, _dx`3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd, K; si dh trnmncng`r ds knsouhil` ` F; si ds fdkdlil`. Girdooiÿl3 Dsorimn hn girdooiÿl gd hn rdsigdloin pdrknldltd gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Wdhéf`l`3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` tdhdfÿlio` pdrknldltd gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Fnx3 Dsorimn dh lókdr` gd fnx gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, si h` tidld. Gdpnrtnkdlt`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh gdpnrtnkdlt` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn rdsigdloin pdrknldltd gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng`, hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd gdpnrtnkdlt` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
Kulioipi`3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh kulioipi` g`lgd sd dloudltrn umiongn hn rdsigdloin pdrknldltd gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng`, hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd kulioipi` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
S`ln3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn z`ln g`lgd sd dloudltrn hn rdsigdloin gdh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, onmdodrn kulioipnh - Trmnln (T) y ]dst`-]urnh (]).
@oupnoiÿl anmitunh3 Anod rdfdrdloin nh `fioi` ` pr`fdsiÿl qud bdldrnhkdltd sd gdfild dl térkil`s gd hn o`kmilnoiÿl gd trnmnc`, tnrdns y fuloi`lds gdsdkpdþngns p`r dh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd.
Oÿgib` gd `oupnoiÿl anmitunh3 Dspnoi` pnrn sdr gihibdloing` p`r hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds, sdból hn Ohnsifionoiÿl Iltdrlnoi`lnh Tlif`rkd gd @oupnoi`lds OIT@- 11, anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn _istdkn gd IIlf`rknoiÿl. lf`rknoiÿl.
Widkp` gd `oupnoiÿl anmitunh nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd3 Anod rdfdrdloin nh tidkp` dl gëns y kdsds dl qud dh trnmncng`r, qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, an gdsdkpdþng` su `fioi` u `oupnoiÿl anmitunh.
Fdoan gd ilbrds` n hn dkprdsn3 Anod rdfdrdloin nh gën, kds y nþ` dl qud sd vilouhÿ n hn dkprdsn dh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`.
_nhnri` u a`l`rnri`s3 Ilgiqud dh vnh`r gdh snhnri` kdlsunh qud rdoimd dh trnmncng`r nh k`kdlt` gd `ourrdloin gdh nooigdltd ` gd h`s a`l`rnri`s (kdlsunhds) ounlg` sd trntd gd trnmncng`rds ilgdpdlgidltds, sdból dh ons`.
C`rlngn gd Wrnmnc` anmitunh3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn c`rlngn gd trnmnc` qud l`rknhkdltd gdsdkpdþn dh trnmncng`r qud sufriÿ dh nooigdltd, (>) giurl`, (=) l`oturl`, (?) kixt` (`oupn nkmns c`rlngns ` sd trntn gd c`rlngn iltdrkdgin) ` (7) p`r turl`s, ilohuyd turl`s n gisp`limihigng.
III. ILF@]KNOIÝL _@M]D DH NOOIGDLWD Fdoan gdh nooigdltd3 Dsorimn hn fdoan dl qud `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc` dl dh `rgdl dl qud sd dspdoifion dl dh f`rknt` (gën, kds, nþ`). A`rn gdh nooigdltd3 Dsorimn hn a`rn dl qud `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd, dl dh `rgdl o`k` sd dspdoifion dl dh f`rknt`, a`rn y kilut`s, (gd 5 n =? a`rns). Gën gdh nooigdltd3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh gën gd hn sdknln dl qud `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd, nsë3 HT ; Hulds KN ; Knrtds KI ; Kiéro`hds CT ; Cudvds VI _N ; ; Vidrlds _îmng` G@ ; G`kilb`
C`rlngn dl qud suodgd3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd, (>) l`rknh si dh trnmncng`r nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd sd dlo`ltrnmn hnm`rnlg` gdltr` gd hn c`rlngn `rgilnrin, ` (=) dxtrn si sd dlo`ltrnmn dl tidkp` dxtrn ` suphdkdltnri`. Dstnmn rdnhiznlg` su hnm`r anmitunh3 Knrqud o`l uln Q (>) _I ` (=) L@, sdból o`rrdsp`lgn, si dh trnmncng`r rdnhiznmn ` l` su hnm`r anmitunh (n hn qud sd rdfidrd dl dstd f`rknt` dl dh ëtdk gd igdltifionoiÿl) nh k`kdlt` gd `ourrir dh nooigdltd. ]dbistrd dl dh dspnoi` o`rrdsp`lgidltd ouîh hnm`r rdnhiznmn si l` drn hn anmitunh. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds gdmdrî ilgionr dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd. W`tnh Widkp` hnm`rng` prdvi` nh nooigdltd3 O`h`onr hn t`tnhigng gd hns a`rns y kilut`s hnm`rng`s nltds gd `ourrig` dh nooigdltd, dl dh `rgdl dstnmhdoig` dl dh f`rknt` (a`rns, kilut`s).
Wip` gd nooigdltd3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hns oiroulstnloins gdh dkphdng`r y nqudhhns qud l` sd dloudltrnl dl hns gdkîs ontdb`rëns ilohuigns dl dstd ëtdk. Onusÿ hn kudrtd nh trnmncng`r3 Knrqud o`l uln Q, (>) _I ` (=) L@, sdból o`rrdsp`lgn.
Gdpnrtnkdlt` gdh nooigdltd3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh gdpnrtnkdlt` g`lgd `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd gdpnrtnkdlt` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
Kulioipi` gdh nooigdltd3 Dsorimn dh l`kmrd gdh kulioipi` g`lgd `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd. Dl dh dspnoi` s`kmrdng` hn ngkilistrng`rn gd ridsb`s hnm`rnhds nl`tnrî dh oÿgib` o`rrdsp`lgidltd n dsd kulioipi` sdból ohnsifionoiÿl gdh GNLD (GIVIU@HN), anstn tnlt` sdn gdfilign p`r dh Kilistdri` gdh Wrnmnc` pnrn dh _istdkn gd Ilf`rknoiÿl.
S`ln3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hn z`ln g`lgd `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, yn sdn onmdodrn kulioipnh-Trmnln (T) y ]dst`-]urnh ( ] ). Hubnr g`lgd `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd, si dh nooigdltd sufrig` p`r dh trnmncng`r sd pr`guc` (>) gdltr` ` (=) fudrn gd hn dkprdsn. U`stdri`rkdltd knrqud o`l uln Q dl qué hubnr, gd h`s histng`s dl dh f`rknt`, `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd. _i dh siti` gd `ourrdloin l` o`rrdsp`lgd n lilbul` gd h`s dxpudst`s dl dh f`rkuhnri`, knrqud o`l uln Q `tr` y dspdoifiqud dh siti` g`lgd `ourriÿ. _i sd trntn gd hubnrds fudrn gd hn dkprdsn, pdr` o`iloigdl o`l dh tip` gd hubnr qud sd dloudltrn histng`, sd knronrî ibunhkdltd hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd.
(>) Nhknodlds ` gdpÿsit`s3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns h`ontivns qud sirvdl o`k` nhknoél ` gdpÿsit` gd kntdrins prikns, ilsuk`s, adrrnkidltns dto.
(=) Îrdns gd pr`guooiÿl3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns gd hn dkprdsn dl hns ounhds sd gdsnrr`hhn dh pr`ods` pr`guotiv` gd hn dkprdsn. Ilohuyd tnhhdrds, ilstnhnoi`lds nh nird himrd, supdrfioids gd dxtrnooiÿl, s`onv`lds, h`onhds gd nsd`, nlgnki`s ` bróns, hnm`rnt`ri`s, ouhtiv`s, îrdn gd pr`guooiÿl gd sdrvioi`s, pnti`s gd hnm`r, dto.
(?) Nrdns rdordntivns ` gdp`rtivns3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns gd hn dkprdsn dl hns ounhds sd gdsnrr`hhnl notivigngds rdordntivns ` gdp`rtivns. (7) O`rrdg`rds ` pnsihh`s3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns o`kulds gdltr` gd hn dkprdsn dl hns qud l` sd gdsnrr`hhn dh pr`ods` pr`guotiv` pdr` dl hns ounhds oirouhnl h`s trnmncng`rds pnrn su noods`, snhign, ` dltrd ongn uln gd dhhns.
(4) Dsonhdrns3 Anod rdfdrdloin n dsonhdrns ficns, nqudhhns qud anodl pnrtd gd hn dstruoturn ` o`lstruooiÿl o`k` îrdn o`kól. _d dxohuydl dsonhdrns kÿvihds.
(6) Unrqudngdr`s ` îrdns gd oirouhnoiÿl vdaiouhnr3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns dl hns ounhds sd rdnhizn dh pnrqud` ` oirouhnoiÿl vdaiouhnr gd onrr`s ` kdonlisk`s gd trnlsp`rtd pdrtdldoidltds ` l` n hn phnltn gd pdrs`lnh, visitnltds ` nqudhh`s rdhnoi`lng`s o`l dh pr`ods` pr`guotiv` ` dl bdldrnh, ounlg` sd trntn gd hubnrds fudrn gd hn dkprdsn.
(2) @fioilns3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns ilstnhnoi`lds g`lgd fuloi`ln hn pnrtd ngkilistrntivn gd hn dkprdsn. Ilohuyd gdspnoa`s. (1) @trns îrdns o`kulds3 Anod rdfdrdloin n hns îrdns dl hns ounhds l` sd gdsnrr`hhn dh pr`ods` pdr` qud dstîl gdltr` gd hn dkprdsn. Ilohuyd dstruoturns, o`kdg`rds y o`oilns, tdoa`s y mnþ`s. Dxohuyd h`s pnsihh`s ` o`rrdg`rds, dsonhdrns, îrdns rdordntivns y pnrqudngdr`s ` îrdns gd oirouhnoiÿl vdaiouhnr. (9) @tr`3 Knrqud o`l uln Q dstn `poiÿl ounlg` dh hubnr dl dh qud `ourriÿ dh nooigdltd l` o`rrdsp`lgn n lilbuln gd hns `poi`lds prdsdltngns dl dh histng`. Ilgionr dh l`kmrd gdh hubnr dl dh dspnoi` o`rrdsp`lgidltd.
Wip` gd Hdsiÿl3 Knrqud o`l uln Q ouîh gd hns hdsi`lds histngns dl dh f`rknt` prdsdltÿ dh trnmncng`r. _i hn hdsiÿl ` gnþ` npnrdltd l` o`rrdsp`lgd n lilbul` gd h`s dstnmhdoig`s dl dh histng`, knrqud o`l uln Q `tr` y dsorimn ouîh hdsiÿl sufriÿ dh trnmncng`r.
Frnoturn3 Ilohuyd hns frnoturns sikphds, hns frnoturns no`kpnþngns gd hdsi`lds dl pnrtds mhnlgns (frnoturns nmidrtns), hns frnoturns no`kpnþngns gd hdsi`lds dl hns nrtiouhnoi`lds (o`l huxnoi`lds dto), hns frnoturns no`kpnþngns gd hdsi`lds iltdrlns ` ldrvi`sns.
Huxnoiÿl3 Ilohuyd hns sumhuxnoi`lds y h`s gdsphnznkidlt`s gd nrtiouhnoi`lds. Dxohuyd hns huxnoi`lds o`l frnoturn, hns ounhds gdmdrîl ilgionrsd dl dh ëtdk gd frnoturn.
W`rodgurn, gdsbnrr` adrlin ` hnodrnoiÿl kósouh` ` gdr`turns, tdlgÿl,rnsbngurns sil adrign3 Ilohuyd ongndsbuilod, uln gd hns oitngns kusouhnr, dl dh ëtdk, adrlins pr`guoignsgd p`r dsfudrz`s, y hnodrnoi`lds gd tdlg`lds, gd hibnkdlt`s y nrtiouhnoi`lds, n kdl`s qud vnynl ns`oingns n adrigns nmidrtns, ons` dl dh ounh sd ilgionrî sÿh` dl dh ëtdk gd adrign.
O`lk`oiÿl ` trnukn iltdrl`3 Ilohuyd hns o`ltusi`lds iltdrlns, hns adk`rrnbins iltdrlns, h`s gdsbnrrnkidlt`s iltdrl`s, hns r`turns iltdrlns, n kdl`s qud vnynl no`kpnþng`s gd frnoturns, hns ounhds gdmdrîl ilgionrsd dl dh ëtdk o`rrdsp`lgidltd n frnoturn.
Nkputnoiÿl ` dluohdnoiÿl3 Anod rdfdrdloin n ounhquidrn gd hns g`s o`lgioi`lds histngns dl dh ëtdk, sdn p`r nkputnoiÿl ; gdsprdlgikidlt` gd nhbuln pnrtd gdh oudrp`, Dc3 kidkmr`s supdri`rds, ilfdri`rds ` nhbuln pnrtd gd h`s kisk`s, n ounhquidr livdh ` p`r dluohdnoiÿl ; dxohusiÿl ` pérgign trnukîtion gdh `c`, ilohuyd nvuhsiÿl trnukîtion gdh `c`.
Adrign3 Ilohuyd gdsbnrrnkidlt`s, o`rtngurns, adrigns o`ltusns, adrigns gd oudr` onmdhhug`, nsë o`k` nvuhsiÿl gd uþn ` gd `rdcn, ` adrigns no`kpnþngns gd hdsi`lds gd ldrvi`s, nsë o`k` tnkmiél k`rgdgurns sil o`lsdoudloins dl ÿrbnl`s iltdrl`s ` bdldrnhizng`s o`k` dlvdldlnkidlt` dvigdltd, pdr` qud l` sdnl supdrfioinhds. Dxohuyd nkputnoi`lds trnukîtions, dluohdnoiÿl, pérgign(p`r trnukîtion gdh `c`, `mcdt`s). frnoturns nmidrtns, qudkngurns o`l adrign, adrigns supdrfioinhds y piloanz`s ` puloi`lds nliknhds ` p`r
Wrnukn supdrfioinh3 Ilohuyd adrigns supdrfioinhds, dxo`rinoi`lds, rnsbuþ`s, nkp`hhns, piongurns gd ilsdot`s l` vdldl`s`s, puloi`lds ` piloanz`s p`r `mcdt`s, o`l ` sil snhign gd snlbrd, ounhquidr hdsiÿl supdrfioinh, hnodrnoiÿl ` adrign dl dh `c` ` pîrpng`s p`r ilohusiÿl gd nhbuln pnrtëouhn ` dhdkdlt`. Dxohuyd dluohdnoiÿl y adrigns pr`fulgns ` sdvdrns dl dh `c`.
B`hpd ` o`ltusiÿl ` nphnstnkidlt`3 Ilohuyd adknrtr`sis (o`hdooiÿl gd snlbrd dl nrtiouhnoi`lds), adknt`kns (o`hdooiÿl gd snlbrd dl tdcig`s mhnlg`s), knoanongurns, hns o`ltusi`lds y nphnstnkidlt`s o`l adrigns supdrfioinhds. Dxohuyd o`lk`oi`lds o`ltus i`lds y nphnstnkidlt`s p`r frnoturns, o`ltusi`lds y nphnstnkidlt`s o`l adrigns.
^udkngurn3 Ilohuyd hns qudkngurns p`r `mcdt`s onhidltds, p`r fudb`, p`r hëquig` airvidlg`, p`r friooiÿl, p`r rnginoi`lds (ilfrnrr`cns), p`r sustnloins quëkions (qudkngurns dxtdrlns s`hnkdltd) y qudkngurns o`l adrign. Dxohuyd qudkngurns onusngns p`r hn nms`roiÿl gd uln sustnloin o`rr`sivn ` oîustion, hns qudkngurns onusngns p`r dh s`h, h`s dfdot`s gdh rny`, hns qudkngurns onusngns p`r hn o`rridltd dhéotrion, y h`s dfdot`s gd hns rnginoi`lds gifdrdltds n qudkngurns.
Dlvdldlnkidlt` ` ilt`xionoiÿl nbugn ` nhdrbin3 Ilohuyd h`s dfdot`s nbug`s gd hn ilydooiÿl, ilbdstiÿl, nms`roiÿl ` ilanhnoiÿl gd sustnloins tÿxions, o`rr`sivns ` oîustions nsë o`k` dfdot`s gd piongurns ` k`rgdgurns gd nliknhds vdldl`s`s, nsfixin p`r ÿxig` gd onrm`l` u `tr`s bnsds tÿxio`s. Dxohuyd hns qudkngurns dxtdrlns p`r sustnloins quëkions y piongurns ` k`rgdgurns qud sÿh` `onsi`lnl puloiÿl ` adrigns.
Dfdot`s gdh tidkp`, gdh ohikn u `tr`s rdhnoi`lng`s o`l dh nkmidltd3 Ilohuyd dfdot`s gdh frë` (adhngurns), dfdot`s gdh onh`r y gd hn ils`hnoiÿl (qudkngurns p`r dh s`h, nonh`rnkidlt`, ils`hnoiÿl), mnr`trnukntisk`s ` dfdot`s gd hn nhtitug ` gd hn gdso`kprdsiÿl, dfdot`s gdh rny`, trnukntisk`s s`l`r`s ` pérgign ` giskiluoiÿl gdh `ëg`, qud l` sdnl o`lsdoudloin gd `trn hdsiÿl. na`bnkidlt` p`r sukdrsiÿl ` ilkdrsiÿl, ` s`f`onoiÿl p`r o`kprdlsiÿl, Nsfixin3 gdrrukmd Ilohuyd ` p`r dstrnlbuhnoiÿl: o`kprdlgd ibunhkdltd nsfixin nsfixin p`r suprdsiÿl ` rdguooiÿl gdh `xëbdl` gdp`r hn ntkÿsfdrn nkmidltnh y nsfixin p`r pdldtrnoiÿl gd oudrp`s dxtrnþ`s dl hns vëns rdspirnt`rins. Dxohuyd nsfixin p`r ÿxig` gd onrm`l` u `tr`s bnsds tÿxio`s.
Dfdot` gd hn dhdotrioigng3 Ilohuyd hn dhdotr`ouoiÿl, dh oa`qud dhéotrio` y hns qudkngurns onusngns p`r hn o`rridltd dhéotrion. Dxohuyd hns qudkngurns onusngns p`r hns pnrtds onhidltds gd ul npnrt` dhéotrio` y h`s dfdot`s gdh rny` (hns ounhds gdmdl sdr ilohuigns o`k` qudkngurns).
Dfdot` l`oiv` gd hn rnginoiÿl3 Ilohuyd h`s dfdot`s onusng`s p`r rny`s Q, sustnloins rnginotivns, rny`s uhtrnvi`hdtns, rnginoi`lds i`liznltds. Dxohuyd hns qudkngurns gdmigns n rnginoi`lds y hns onusngns p`r dh s`h. Hdsi`lds kóhtiphds3 Dstd brup` sÿh` gdmd sdr utihizng` pnrn ohnsifionr h`s ons`s dl h`s ounhds hn vëotikn, anmidlg` sufrig` vnrins hdsi`lds gd tip` gd hdsiÿl gifdrdltds, lilbuln gd dstns hdsi`lds sd an knlifdstng` kîs brnvd qud hns gdkîs. Onlg` dl ul nooigdltd qud an pr`v`ong` hdsi`lds kóhtiphds gd tip` gd hdsiÿl gifdrdltd, uln gd dhhns ds kîs brnvd qud hns gdkîs, dstd nooigdltd gdmd ohnsifionrsd dl dh brup` o`rrdsp`lgidltd nh rdspdotiv` tip` gd hdsiÿl qud onusd kny`r brnvdgng. @tr`3 Knrqud Q dl dstn onsihhn ounlg` hn hdsiÿl l` o`rrdsp`lgn n lilbuln gd hns histngns dl dh f`rknt`. Unrtd gdh oudrp` npnrdltdkdltd nfdotngn3 Knrqud o`l uln Q hn pnrtd gdh oudrp` npnrdltdkdltd nfdotngn p`r dh nooigdltd. _i dxistd kîs gd uln pnrtd nfdotngn sÿh` sd gdmd knronr hn onsihhn qud o`rrdsp`lgn n hn hdsiÿl qud sd knlifidstn o`k` kîs brnvd qud hns gdkîs, si lilbuln gd dhhns tidld dstn onrnotdrëstion gdmd
knronr hn onsihhn o`rrdsp`lgidltd n hdsi`lds kóhtiphds. _i hn pnrtd nfdotngn l` o`rrdsp`lgd n lilbuln gd hns dstnmhdoigns dl dh f`rknt`, knrqud o`l uln Q dl hdsi`lds bdldrnhds u `trns, nsë o`k` tnkmiél sd knronrî dstn onsihhn ounlg` sd prdsdltdl rdpdrousi`lds `rbîlions gd onrîotdr bdldrnh sil hdsi`lds npnrdltds (dc3 dlvdldlnkidlt`), dxodpt` ounlg` rdpdrousi`lds `rbîlions s`l hn o`lsdoudloin gd uln hdsiÿl h`onhizngn (dc3 frnoturn gd o`hukln vdrtdmrnh o`l hdsi`lds dl kéguhn dspilnh dl hn ounh sd gdmd knronr tr`lo` ` oudhh` sdból dh siti` gd hn hdsiÿl).
Onmdzn3 Ilohuyd rdbiÿl ornldnln, `rdcn, m`on (hnmi`s, gidltds, hdlbun), lnriz, umionoi`lds kóhtiphds dl hn onmdzn y onrn. Dxohuyd `c`. @c`3 Ilohuyd ul` ` nkm`s `c`s, hn ÿrmitn y dh ldrvi` ÿptio`. Oudhh`3 Ilohuyd bnrbnltn y vértdmrns odrvionhds. Wr`lo`3 Ilohuyd dspnhgn (o`hukln vdrtdmrnh y kósouh`s ngynodltds, kéguhn dspilnh), umionoi`lds kóhtiphds y umionoi`lds odronlns n hns kdloi`lngns y pdhvis. _d dxohuyd tÿrnx y nmg`kdl.
Wÿrnx3 Ilohuyd o`stihhns, dstdrlÿl, ÿrbnl`s iltdrl`s gdh tÿrnx. Nmg`kdl3 Ilohuyd ÿrbnl`s iltdrl`s. Kidkmr`s _updri`rds3 Ilohuyd a`kmr`, ohnvëouhn, `k`phnt`, mrnz`, o`g`, nltdmrnz`, kuþdon, umionoi`lds kóhtiphds ` l` prdoisngns dl dhh`s. Dxohuyd knl`s y gdg`s. Knl`s3 Ilohuyd gdg`s. Dxohuyd kuþdon ` puþ`. Kidkmr`s Ilfdri`rds3 Ilohuyd ongdrn, kush`, r`gihhn, pidrln, t`mihh`, umionoi`lds kóhtiphds y l` prdoisngns.
Uids3 Ilohuyd gdg`s. Tmionoi`lds kóhtiphds3 Dstn onsihhn sÿh` sd knron ounlg` dxistdl hdsi`lds dl gifdrdltds pnrtds gdh oudrp` pdr` lilbuln gd dhhns sd supdrnl dl brnvdgng. Hdsi`lds bdldrnhds u `trns3 Ilohuyd npnrnt` oirouhnt`ri` dl bdldrnh, npnrnt` rdspirnt`ri` dl bdldrnh, npnrnt` gibdstiv` dl bdldrnh, sistdkn ldrvi`s` dl bdldrnh, `trns hdsi`lds bdldrnhds y hdsi`lds bdldrnhds l` prdoisngns.
Nbdltd gdh nooigdltd3 Knrqud o`l uln Q dh dhdkdlt` o`l dh qud girdotnkdltd sd hdsi`lÿ dh trnmncng`r dl dh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd. _i dh dhdkdlt` l` o`rrdsp`lgd n lilbul` gd h`s dstnmhdoig`s dl dh f`rknt`, knrqud o`l uln Q `tr` y dsorimn ouîh fud dh dhdkdlt` o`l dh qud girdotnkdltd sd hdsi`lÿ.
Kîquilns y/` dquip`s3 Ilohuyd bdldrng`rds gd dldrbën o`l dxodpoiÿl gd k`t`rds dhéotrio`s, sistdkns gd trnlskisiÿl (tnhds o`k` o`rrdns, onmhds, p`hdns, ongdlns, dlbrnlncds, îrm`hds gd trnlskisiÿl), kîquilns pnrn dh trnmnc` gdh kdtnh (tnhds o`k` prdlsns kdoîlions, t`rl`s, frdsng`rns, rdotifiong`rns, kudhns, oiznhhns, f`rcng`rns, hnkilng`rns), kîquilns pnrn trnmncnr hn kngdrn y `tr`s kntdrinhds sikihnrds (tnhds o`k` sidrrns, kîquiln gd k`hgurnr, odpihhng`rns), kîquilns nbrëo`hns (tnhds o`k` sdbng`rns, trihhng`rns), kîquilns pnrn dh trnmnc` dl hns kilns, kîquilns pnrn gdsk`ltds, dxodpt` si o`rrdsp`lgd n kdgi`s gd trnlsp`rtd, kîquilns gd ilgustrin tdxtih, kîquilns pnrn knlufnoturn gd pr`guot`s nhikdltioi`s y mdmigns, kîquilns pnrn fnmrionoiÿl gd pnpdh, dto.
Kdgi`s gd trnlsp`rtd3 Ilohuyd npnrnt`s gd iznr (bróns, nsodls`rds, k`ltnonrbns, onmrdstnltds, p`hdns), kdgi`s gd trnlsp`rtd r`gnltd, kdgi`s gd trnlsp`rtd o`l ` sil k`t`r, p`r vën férrdn, r`gnltds, nérdn, nouîtion, dto. dquip`s gd trnlsp`rtd p`r vën férrdn usng`s dl ilgustrin, bnhdrëns, kilns, onltdrns, dto., vdaëouh`s gd trnooiÿl nliknh, onrrdtihhns y kdgi`s gd trnlsp`rtd p`r onmhd.
Npnrnt`s3 Ilohuyd rdoipidltds gd prdsiÿl (tnhds o`k` onhgdrns, onþdrëns, oihilgr`s gd bns, dquip` gd muz`), a`rl`s, f`b`lds, dstufns, phnltns rdfribdrng`rns, ilstnhnoi`lds dhéotrions ilohuig`s h`s k`t`rds dhéotrio`s, dsonhdrns kÿvihds, rnkpns kÿvihds, nlgnki`s, adrrnkidltns dhéotrions knlunhds. Adrrnkidltns, ikphdkdlt`s ` utdlsihi`s3 Ilohuyd adrrnkidltns knlunhds nooi`lngns ` l` kdoîlionkdltd, onldons, dhdkdlt`s gd dsorit`ri`, dto. _d dxohuydl adrrnkidltns dhéotrions knlunhds, qud sd ilohuydl dl dh ëtdk npnrnt`s.
Kntdrinhds ` sustnloins3 Ilohuyd dxph`siv`s, p`hv`s, bnsds, hëquig`s y pr`guot`s quëkio`s, frnbkdlt`s v`hnltds y `tr` tip` gd kntdrinhds y sustnloins, dxodpt` rnginoi`lds.
]nginoi`lds3 Ilohuyd t`g` tip` gd rnginoi`lds i`liznltds y l` i`liznltds.
Nkmidltd gd trnmnc`3 Ilohuyd dl dh dxtdri`r (o`lgioi`lds ohikîtions, supdrfioids gd trîlsit` y trnmnc`, nbun), dl dh iltdri`r (pis`s, dsonhdrns ficns ` gd hn dstruoturn, rnkpns gd dstruoturn, dspnoi`s dxibu`s, `trns supdrfioids gd trnlsit` y gd trnmnc`, nmdrturns dl dh sudh` y pnrdgds, fnot`rds qud ordnl dh nkmidltd (tnhds o`k` nhukmrng`, vdltihnoiÿl, tdkpdrnturn, ruig`), sumtdrrîld`s (tnhds o`k` trnmnc`s y rdvdstikidlt`s gd bnhdrëns, gd tóldhds, frdltds gd kilns, fudb`, nbun). _d dxohuydl dsonhdrns kÿvihds, rnkpns kÿvihds y nlgnki`s, qud sd ilohuydl dl dh ëtdk gd npnrnt`s ` dhdkdlt`s gd dsorit`ri` qud sd gdmdl ilohuir dl adrrnkidltns ` utdlsihi`s.
@tr`s nbdltds l` ohnsifiong`s3 Knrqud Q dl dstn onsihhn ounlg` l` o`rrdsp`lgn n h`s dhdkdlt`s dstnmhdoig`s dl dh histng` gdh f`rknt`. Nliknhds3 Ilohuyd nliknhds viv`s y pr`guot`s gd nliknhds. Nbdltds l` ohnsifiong`s p`r fnhtn gd gnt`s3 _ÿh` knrqud dstn onsihhn ounlg` l` sd o`l`zon ` l` anyn sig` sukilistrngn hn ilf`rknoiÿl s`mrd dh nbdltd gdh nooigdltd li p`r dh trnmncng`r ` pdrs`lns qud prdsdloinr`l dh nooigdltd.
Kdonlisk` ` f`rkn gdh nooigdltd3 Knrqud Q dl hn onsihhn qud o`rrdsp`lgn nh tip` gd kdonlisk` ` f`rkn dl hn ounh suodgiÿ dh nooigdltd. _i l` sd dloudltrn dl dh histng`, knrqud Q dl `tr` y dspdoifiqud dh kdonlisk` ` f`rkn `ourrign. _i sd dloudltrnl gifdrdltds kdonlisk`s `ourrig`s dl f`rkn sikuhtîldn, sÿh` knrqud nqudh qud sd o`lsigdrn o`k` priloipnh ` gd kny`r brnvdgng. Onëgns gd pdrs`lns3 Ilohuyd onëgn gd pdrs`lns o`l gdslivdhnoiÿl (onëgn gdsgd nhturns) y dl pr`fulgigngds (tnhds o`k` p`z`s, f`s`s dxonvnoi`lds, nmdrturns dl dh sudh`) y onëgns gd pdrs`lns qud `ourrdl nh kisk` livdh.
Onëgn gd `mcdt`s3 Ilohuyd gdrrukmds, gdsph`kds (tnhds o`k` gd dgifioi`s, gd kur`s, gd nlgnki`s, gd dsonhdrns, gd kdronloëns), onëgns gd `mcdt`s dl ours` gd knlutdloiÿl knlunh, dto. Uisngns, oa`quds ` b`hpds3 Ilohuyd pisngns s`mrd `mcdt`s, oa`quds o`ltrn `mcdt`s kÿvihds ` ilkÿvihds y b`hpds p`r `mcdt`s kÿvihds (o`kprdlgig`s frnbkdlt`s v`hnltds y pnrtëouhns). Dxohuyd b`hpds p`r `mcdt`s qud ondl.
Ntrnpnkidlt`s3 Ilohuyd ntrnpngn p`r ul `mcdt`, ntrnpngn dltrd ul `mcdt` ilkÿvih y ul `mcdt` kÿvih, ntrnpngn dltrd g`s `mcdt`s kÿvihds. Dxohuyd ntrnpnkidlt`s p`r `mcdt`s qud ondl.
_`mrddsfudrz`, dsfudrz` dxodsiv` ` fnhs` k`vikidlt`3 Ilohuyd dsfudrz`s fësio`s dxodsiv`s nh hdvnltnr `mcdt`s, dkpucnr `mcdt`s ` tirnr gd dhh`s, nh knldcnr ` hnlznr `mcdt`s y fnhs`s k`vikidlt`s.
Dxp`sioiÿl ` o`ltnot` o`l tdkpdrnturn dxtrdkn3 Ilohuyd dxp`sioiÿl nh onh`r gd hn ntkÿsfdrn ` nkmidltd gdh trnmnc`, dxp`sioiÿl nh frë` gd hn ntkÿsfdrn ` nkmidltd gd trnmnc`, o`ltnot` o`l sustnloins u `mcdt`s nrgidltds y o`ltnot` o`l sustnloins u `mcdt`s kuy frë`s.
Dxp`sioiÿl ` o`ltnot` o`l hn dhdotrioigng3 _d rdfidrd n ounhquidr tip` gd dxp`sioiÿl o`l hn dhdotrioigng. Dxp`sioiÿl ` o`ltnot` o`l sustnloins l`oivns ` rnginoi`lds ` snhpiongurns3 Ilohuyd o`ltnot` p`r ilanhnoiÿl, ilbdstiÿl ` p`r nms`roiÿl o`l sustnloins l`oivns, dxp`sioiÿl n rnginoi`lds i`liznltds u `trns rnginoi`lds. Ilohuyd tnkmiél o`ltnot` o`l sustnloins l`oivns ounlg` sdn dl hn f`rkn gd snhpiongurns.
@tr`3 Knrqud Q dl dstn onsihhn ounlg` l` o`rrdsp`lgn n h`s kdonlisk`s qud sd dloudltrnl dl dh histng`.
IV. GD_O]IUOIÝL GDH NOOIGDLWD Gdsoripoiÿl gdh nooigdltd3 Dl dstd dspnoi` gdsorimn dh adoa` qud `ribilÿ dh nooigdltd y dh kdonlisk` gd `ourrdloin, ilv`huornlg` t`g` h` qud o`lsigdrd ikp`rtnltd (quiél, oÿk`, gÿlgd, ouîlg`, si aumidrn su hnm`r anmitunh dto.). ^uiél3 quidl ds ` s`l h`s nooigdltng`s Oÿk`3 hn f`rkn o`k` `ourriÿ dh dvdlt` y si drn pr`pi` gd su notivigng Gÿlgd3 Hubnr dxnot` g`lgd `ourriÿ dh dvdlt` Ouîlg`3 a`rn dl qud `ourriÿ dh dvdlt` y si dstnmn o`l dl su a`rnri` gd trnmnc` L`tn3 si ds ul nooigdltd gd trîlsit` gdsorimir hn rutn gd gdmën oumrir dh nooigdltng`.
Udrs`lns qud prdsdloinr`l dh nooigdltd3
O`h`onr h`s l`kmrds, npdhhig`s y oéguhn gd hns pdrs`lns qud prdsdloinr`l dh nooigdltd, dsorimir su vdrsiÿl, o`l sus rdspdotivn firkns
Udrs`ln rdsp`lsnmhd gdh ilf`rkd3 Dsorimn h`s npdhhig`s y l`kmrds gd hn pdrs`ln rdsp`lsnmhd gd gihibdloinr dh ilf`rkd, sdn dstd dh rdprdsdltnltd ` gdhdbng` y dh onrb` dl hn dkprdsn, o`l su rdspdotivn firkn.
Fdoan gd gihibdloinkidlt` gdh ilf`rkd gdh nooigdltd3 Dsorimn hn fdoan dl hn ounh dstî ilf`rknlg` dh nooigdltd suodgig` nh trnmncng`r, dl dh `rgdl qud sd dspdoifion dl dh f`rknt` (gën, kds, nþ`).
V. @M_D]VNOI@LD_ GD HN DKU]D_N (D^TIU@ GD _NHTG @OTUNOI@LNH, CDFD ILKDGINW@ Y O@KIWÉ UN]IWN]I@ Ngioi`lnr `msdrvnoi`lds ` ilf`rknoiÿl ngioi`lnh qud sdn utih pnrn hn ilvdstibnoiÿl y nlîisis gdh nooigdltd y qud l` sd dloudltrdl dl hn gdsoripoiÿl gdh nooigdltd
VI. GIMTC@ @ F@W@_ (NLDQN])
Ds ikp`rtnltd ngioi`lnr gimuc`s, dsqudkns ` f`t`s qud pudgnl nyugnr dl dh pr`ods` gd ilvdstibnoiÿl y nlîhisis _i vn n pdbnr f`t`s, utihiznr f`rknt` C.U.B.
VII. GI_DÞ@ D_^TDKÎWIO@ GDH Î]M@H GD ONT_N_ Ngioi`lnr dh két`g` gd nlîhisis gdhdstî nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, N]H-_T]N usnr két`g` nrm`h gd onusns ouy` g`oukdlt` y dltrdlnkidlt` gisp`limhd n trnvéshngdh UHNL GD rdo`kidlgn F@]KNOI@L GDdhHN N.].H.-gd_T]N
VIII. ]D_TKDL GD ONT_N_ Y O@LOHT_I@LD_ ]dsukir gd noudrg` o`l dh nlîhisis onusnh hns onusns ilkdgintns y hns onusns mîsions igdltifiongns dl dh nlîhisis, dstns sd gdfildl dl onusns ilkdgintns ` girdotns qud dl dh f`rknt` sd gdfildl o`k` not`s y o`lgioi`lds sumdstîlgnr y onusns mîsions qud sd givigdl dl fnot`rds pdrs`lnhds y fnot`rds gd trnmnc`
IQ. KDGIGN_ GD ILWD]VDLOI@L LDOD_N]IN_ Dstnmhdodr kdgigns gd iltdrvdloiÿl ldodsnrins pnrn qud dh dvdlt` l` sd prdsdltd ludvnkdltd p`r dstns onusns y vdrifionr dh oukphikidlt` Gdfilir si dh o`ltr`h sd rdnhiznrî dl hn fudltd, kdgi` ` pdrs`ln o`l uln x O`h`onr hn fdoan kîxikn dh hn ounh sd rdnhiznrî hn kdgign gd o`ltr`h y dfdotivigng O`h`onr hn fdoan dl qud hn dkprdsn vdrifionrî dh oukphikidlt` gd hn kdgign O`h`onr si nh vdrifionr hn rdnhiznoiÿl gd hn kdc`rn, dstn fué dfdotivn O`h`onr dh îrdn rdsp`lsnmhd gd rdnhiznr hn vdrifionoiÿl Q. UN]WIOIUNLWD_ GD HN ILVD_WIBNOIßL Ilohuir h`s pnrtioipnltds dl hn ilvdstibnoiÿl, gd knldrn `mhibnt`rin dstnl3 dh rdprdsdltnltd hdbnh, rdprdsdltnltd gdh O@UN_@ na`rn O`kité Unritnri` gd _dburigng y _nhug dl dh Wrnmnc`, cdfd ilkdgint` gdh nooigdltng` y dlonrbng` gdh gdsnrr`hh` gdh pr`brnkn gd snhug `oupnoi`lnh. Ounlg` sd o`lsigdrd brnvd ` onusd hn kudrtd dl hn ilvdstibnoiÿl gdmd pnrtioipnr ul pr`fdsi`lnh o`l hiodloin dl _@ y dh dlonrbng` gdh gisdþ` gd l`rkns, pr`ods`s y/` knltdlikidlt`. _i dh nooigdltng` ds gd uln tdkp`rnh, o``pdrntivn ` o`ltrntistn, hn dkprdsn o`ltrntnltd ` usunrin gdmd gdhdbnr uln pdrs`ln dl hn ilvdstibnoiÿl y dstn gdmd firknr.
GDFILIOI@LD_ GD ]ID_B@_ HNM@]NHD_ Y NOOIGDLWD GD W]NMNC@ (Gdordt` >=94/97, Hdy >46=/=5>=)3 ]idsb`s Ur`fdsi`lnhds3 Nrtëouh` 1 Gdordt` Hdy >=94/97. _`l ]idsb`s Ur`fdsi`lnhds dh nooigdltd qud sd pr`guod o`k` o`lsdoudloin girdotn gdh trnmnc` ` hnm`r gdsdkpdþngn, y hn dlfdrkdgng qud anyn sig` ontnh`bngn o`k` pr`fdsi`lnh p`r dh B`midrl` Lnoi`lnh. NOOIGDLWD GD W]NMNC@3 Nrtëouh` ? Hdy >46=2=5>=. Ds nooigdltd gd trnmnc` t`g` suods` rdpdltil` qud s`mrdvdlbn p`r onusn ` o`l `onsiÿl gdh trnmnc`, y qud pr`guzon dl dh trnmncng`r uln hdsiÿl `rbîlion, uln pdrturmnoiÿl fuloi`lnh ` psiquiîtrion, uln ilvnhigdz ` hn kudrtd. Ds tnkmiél nooigdltd gd trnmnc` nqudh qud sd pr`guod gurnltd hn dcdouoiÿl gd ÿrgdlds gdh dkphdng`r, ` o`ltrntnltd gurnltd hn dcdouoiÿl gd uln hnm`r mnc` su nut`rigng, nól fudrn gdh hubnr y a`rns gd trnmnc`.
Ibunhkdltd sd o`lsigdrn nooigdltd gd trnmnc` dh qud sd pr`guzon gurnltd dh trnshng` gd h`s trnmncng`rds ` o`ltrntistns gdsgd su rdsigdloin n h`s hubnrds gd trnmnc` ` viodvdrsn, ounlg` dh trnlsp`rtd h` sukilistrd dh dkphdng`r. Wnkmiél sd o`lsigdrnrî o`k` nooigdltd gd trnmnc` dh `ourrig` gurnltd dh dcdroioi` gd hn fuloiÿl silgionh nulqud dh trnmncng`r sd dloudltrd dl pdrkis` silgionh sidkprd qud dh nooigdltd sd pr`guzon dl oukphikidlt` gd gioan fuloiÿl.
Gd ibunh f`rkn sd o`lsigdrn nooigdltd gdp`r trnmnc` dh qud pr`guzon p`r gdh hn dcdouoiÿl gd`notivigngds rdordntivns, gdp`rtivns ` ouhturnhds, ounlg` sd notód oudltn ` dlsd rdprdsdltnoiÿl dkphdng`r gd hn dkprdsn usunrin ounlg` sd trntd gd trnmncng`rds gd dkprdsns gd sdrvioi`s tdkp`rnhds qud sd dloudltrdl dl kisiÿl. @mhibnt`ridgng gd hn L`tifionoiÿl L`tifionoiÿl (Nrtëouh` (Nrtëouh` 6= gdh Gdordt` >=94/97)3 W`g` nooigdltd ` dlfdrkdgng pr`fdsi`lnh qud
`ourrn dl uln dkprdsn ` notivigng do`lÿkion, gdmdrî sdr ilf`rkng` p`r dh rdspdotiv` dkphdng`r n hn dltigng Ngkilistrng`rn gd ]idsb`s Ur`fdsi`lnhds y n hn Dltigng Ur`k`t`rn gd _nhug, _ nhug, dl f`rkn sikuhtnldn, gdltr` gd h`s g`s gëns aîmihds sibuidltds gd `ourrig` dh nooigdltd ` ginbl`stiongn hn dlfdrkdgng.
]dquisit`s pnrn hn onhifionoiÿl gd @ribdl (Gdordt` >?4=/=5>?)3 s`l rdquisit`s qud fulgnkdltnl hn onhifionoiÿl gd
`ribdl h`s sibuidltds3 Dh ilf`rkd gdh prdsult` nooigdltd gd trnmnc`, dhnm`rng` p`r dh dkphdng`r `, dl su gdfdot`, p`r hn dltigng qud hd prdstÿ hn ntdloiÿl kdgion ilioinh. Vdr f`rknt` gd N]H _T]N pnrn ilvdstibnoiÿl gd nooigdltds gd trnmnc` k`rtnhds. Dl t`g`s h`s ons`s o`pin gdh notn gdh hdvnltnkidlt` gd ongîvdr, odrtifiong` gd ldor`psin y odrtifiong` gd gdfuloiÿl. Aist`rin ohëlion gdh nfihing`, ` rdsukdl gd hn kiskn, dl g`lgd o`lstdl h`s nltdodgdltds y dh ginblÿstio` gdfilitiv`. (Dl h`s ons`s dl h`s ounhds rdquiriÿ sdrvioi` nsistdloinh p`r dh dvdlt`). Odrtifionoiÿl gd onrb`s y hnm`rds gdsdkpdþngns p`r dh nfihing` gdltr` gd hn dkprdsn ` siti` gd trnmnc`, nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd, a`rnri` y turl` gd trnmnc`. Hns l`rkns gd snhug `oupnoi`lnh na`rn sdburigng y snhug dl dh trnmnc` n qud sd dlo`ltrnmn s`kdtig` dh nfihing`. Dh o`lodpt` gd snhug `oupnoi`lnh sukilistrng` p`r hn dltigng gd sdburigng s`oinh o`rrdsp`lgidltd, dl h`s ons`s g`lgd dh ginblÿstio` h` rdnhiod hn DU_ ` NFU gdh trnmncng`r. Hn nohnrnoiÿl dsoritn, o`kphdkdltng` hn ilf`rknoiÿl gd h`s adoa`s `ourrig`s dl dvdlt`s `onsi`lng`s p`r tÿxio`s, gurnltd dh trnshng` gd h`s trnmncng`rds n su rdsigdloin ` viodvdrsn, kudrtd vi`hdltn, nooigdltds gd trîlsit` ` ounlg` dh dvdlt` sd prdsdltd fudrn gdh hubnr y a`rns gd trnmnc`, yn qud s`l g`oukdlt`s qud fnoihitnl hn gdfilioiÿl gdh `ribdl, nsë3 >. =. ?. 7.
Dvdlt`s dl vi`hdlt`s3 p`simhds kÿvihds p`r hnhndkprdsn. Dvdlt`s kisiÿl3ilvdstibnoiÿl onrtn s`p`rtdgd gdhh`s rdprdsdltnltd hdbnhgngn nohnrnlg` nohnrnlg` kisiÿl, s`p`rtds gd viîtio`s, dto. Nooigdltds gd trîlsit`s3 or`quis, rdp`rtd gd nut`rigng curëgion, ilf`rkd gdh hdvnltnkidlt` gd h`s adoa`s. ]dp`rtd gdh rdsuhtng` gd dxîkdlds t`xio`hÿbio`s dl h`s ons`s dl h`s ounhds sd anynl rdqudrig`.
Dltds fnouhtng`s pnrn hn onhifionoiÿl gdh @ribdl gdh nooigdltd, gd hn dlfdrkdgng y hn kudrtd (Nrtëouh` >=, Gdordt` >=94/97)
W`gn dlfdrkdgng ` pnt`h`bën, nooigdltd ` kudrtd, qud l` anynl sig` ohnsifiong`s ` onhifiong`s o`k` gd `ribdl pr`fdsi`lnh, sd o`lsigdrnl gd `ribdl o`kól. Hn onhifionoiÿl gdh `ribdl gdh nooigdltd gd trnmnc` ` gd hn dlfdrkdgng hnm`rnh sdrî onhifiongn, dl prikdrn ilstnloin p`r hn ilstituoiÿl prdstng`rn gd sdrvioi`s gd snhug qud ntidlgd nh nfihing`. Dh kégio` ` hn o`kisiÿl hnm`rnh gd hn dltigng Ngkilistrng`rn gd ]idsb`s Hnm`rnhds gdtdrkilnrî dh `ribdl, dl sdbulgn ilstnloin. Ounlg` surcnl gisordpnloins dl dh `ribdl, éstns sdrîl rdsudhtns p`r uln cultn iltdbrngn p`r rdprdsdltnltds gd hns dltigngds ngkilistrng`rns, gd snhug y gd ridsb`s pr`fdsi`lnhds. Gd pdrsistir>7= dh gdsnoudrg`, pr`odgikidlt` prdvist` pnrn hns cultns gd onhifionoiÿl gd ilvnhigdz gdfilig` dl dh nrtëouh` gdh Gdordt` sd Hdysdbuirî 5>9 gddh=5>= y gdkîs l`rkns rdbhnkdltnrins. Ur`odgikidlt` Ur`odgikidlt ` n sdbuir p`r pnrtd gdh dkphdng`r3
O`l mnsd dl hns gdfilioi`lds curëgions prdvinkdltd dsm`zngns, sd rdnhizn hn l`tifionoiÿl gd h` qud sd o`lsigdrn ul prdsult` nooigdltd gd trnmnc` k`rtnh. k`rtnh. U`r dstn rnzÿl tdlbn dl oudltn h`s sibuidltds pns`s3 Dl dh k`kdlt` gd prdsdltnrsd ul prdsult` nooigdltd gd ttrnmnc` rnmnc` k`rtnh dl ounhquidr dkprdsn usunrin, hn pdrs`ln
dlonrbngn dl hn dkprdsn gdh _istdkn gd Bdstiÿl gd _dburigng y _nhug dl dh Wrnmnc` y/` dh rdspdotiv` rdprdsdltnltd gd hn Bdrdloin, gdmdrîl anodr ul nlîhisis nh iltdri`r pnrn `mtdldr ilf`rknoiÿl prdhikilnr s`mrd dh quiél, ouîlg`, oÿk`, gÿlgd, o`l quidlds y hn fuloiÿl rdnhizngn p`r dh `oois` nh k`kdlt` gdh nooigdltd. Dstn ilf`rknoiÿl ds hn mnsd prdhikilnr pnrn gnr ilioi` n ul pr`ods` gd ilvdstibnoiÿl p`r pnrtd gd hn N]H. Dl dstd pult` ds ikp`rtnltd hn rdo`hdooiÿl ohnrn y vdrnz gd hn ilf`rknoiÿl mrilgngn p`r hns pdrs`lns qud anynl prdsdloing` dh nooigdltd, tnlt` gd hn dkprdsn o`k` dxtdrlns n dhhn. Tln vdz sd `mtidld dstn ilf`rknoiÿl prdhikilnr sd pr`odgd n rdnhiznr hn l`tifionoiÿl gdh dvdlt`, ilf`rknlg` vën tdhdfÿlion n hn HËLDN GD NWDLOIßL gd hn N]H-_T]N pnrn mrilgnr hn ilf`rknoiÿl prdhikilnr gdh ons` y sikuhtîldnkdltd, sd gihibdloin dh rdp`rtd gdh prdsult` nooigdltd gd trnmnc` y h` dlvën n hn rdspdotivn rdbi`lnh u `fioiln gd hn N]H-_T]N Hn HËLDN GD NWDLOIßL gd hn N]H-_T]N ilf`rkn gdh dvdlt` nh Ur`fdsi`lnh dl Urdvdloiÿl gd ]idsb`s gd N]H _T]N nsiblng` n hn dkprdsn, quidl o`ltnotnrî nh rdsp`lsnmhd gd snhug `oupnoi`lnh ` rdprdsdltnltd gd hn bdrdloin dlonrbng` gdh tdkn, pnrn dstnmhdodr dh no`kpnþnkidlt` rdspdotiv`.
Dh pr`fdsi`lnh dl prdvdloiÿl gd ridsb`s hd prdstnrî hn nsds`rën pdrtildltd nodron gdh pr`ods` gd ilvdstibnoiÿl qud sd gdmd ngdhnltnr nltd hn `ourrdloin gd ul dvdlt` k`rtnh d ilioin dh pr`ods` gd ilvdstibnoiÿl ff`rknh `rknh o`l rdhnoiÿl nh dvdlt` `ourrig`, dh ounh sd rdnhizn dl hn prikdrn sdknln gdh suods`. Unrnhdh` n hn ilvdstibnoiÿl dh dlonrbng` gdltr` gd su dkpr dkprdsn dsn gdmd pr`odgdr n ngcultnr h`s gifdrdltds s`p`rtds nl`tng`s pnrn hn onhifionoiÿl gd `ribdl tdlidlg` dl oudltn dl dstd pns`, qud dxistdl g`s tip`s gd s`p`rtds nsë3 _`p`rtds mîsio`s pnrn t`g` nooigdltd k`rtnh3 dh rdp`rtd gd prdsult` NW, hn onrtn gd dkphdng`r l`tifionlg` hns fuloi`lds mîsions gdh onrb`, notn gd gdfuloiÿl. _`p`rtds pnrn ons`s vi`hdlt`s, dvdlt`s gd trîlsit`, ons`s dl kisiÿl ` gurnltd hn rdnhiznoiÿl gd tnrdns l` rdhnoi`lngns o`l dh `fioi`, sd rdquidrdl ngdkîs gd h`s nltdri`rds h`s sibuidltds3 onrtn gdh dkphdng`r dspdoifionlg` hns fuloi`lds qud rdnhiznmn dh nfihing` nh k`kdlt` gdh NW, aist`rin ohëlion dl h`s ons`s dl h`s ounhds anyn nhból pdri`g` gd s`mrdvivdloin, o`pin gd gdluloins dfdotungns p`r gnþ`s ` r`m`s dfdotung`s dl dh suods`, ilf`rknoiÿl gdh rdp`rtd gdh trîlsit`, rutn gd trnmnc`. Hn g`oukdltnoiÿl s`hioitngn gdmd sdr dlvingn n hn N]H-_T]N dl dh kdl`r tidkp` p`simhd pnrn o`ltilunr o`l dh pr`ods` gd onhifionoiÿl (gd o`lf`rkigng o`l dh nrtëouh` 7 gdh Gdordt` >4?5 gd >996, hns dkprdsns dl hns qud sd an prdsdltng` ul nooigdltd gd trnmnc` gd onrîotdr k`rtnh, s`l rdsp`lsnmhds gd rdnhiznr gdltr` gd h`s >4 gëns onhdlgnri` sibuidltds n hn `ourrdloin gdh nooigdltd uln ilvdstibnoiÿl dlonkilngn n gdtdrkilnr hns onusns gdh kisk`). Dstn ilvdstibnoiÿl gdmdrî sd rdkitign n hn N]H, quidl dkitirî su o`lodpt` s`mrd hns onusns gdh nooigdltd y hns nooi`lds gd prdvdloiÿl n sdbuir pnrn dvitnr futur`s dvdlt`s gd hn kiskn lnturnhdzn. Dl nhbul`s ds p`simhd qud sdn ldodsnri` nkphinr hn ilf`rknoiÿl ilf`rknoiÿl o`lodrlidltd nh dvdlt`, dl dhh`s sd anrî us` gd ul ilvdstibng`r privng` dh ounh sd prdsdltnrî n hn dkprdsn o`l g`oukdltnoiÿl qud bnrnltizn dh knldc` o`lfigdloinh gd hn ilf`rknoiÿl y su ngsoripoiÿl n hn N]H-_T]N. Dh rdbistr` gd hn ilvdstibnoiÿl rdnhizngn, nldx` n hn g`oukdltnoiÿl rdhnoi`lngn pnrn hn onhifionoiÿl gd ul dvdlt` o`k` gd `ribdl pr`fdsi`lnh np`rtngn p`r hn rdspdotivn dkprdsn, s`l dh s`p`rtd mîsio` pnrn qud hn o`kisiÿl hnm`rnh gd hn N]H-_T]N gdfiln dh `ribdl gdh dvdlt`. Hn gdfilioiÿl gd hn onhifionoiÿl sidkprd sdrî l`tifiongn gd f`rkn pdrs`lnh p`r pnrtd gd hn N]H-_T]N, y gd noudrg` o`l hn kiskn sd pr`odgd n gdfilir h`s pns`s ldodsnri`s pnrn qud h`s mdldfioinri`s prdsdltdl hn rdohnknoiÿl gd sus gdrdoa`s prdstnoi`lnhds. Iloigdltd gd trnmnc`3 gd noudrg` o`l hn ]ds`huoiÿl >75> gd =552. ‘_uods` nondoig` dl dh ours` gdh trnmnc` ` dl rdhnoiÿl o`l éstd, qud tuv` dh p`tdloinh gd sdr ul nooigdltd, dl dh qud aum` pdrs`lns ilv`huorngns sil qud sufridrnl hdsi`lds ` sd prdsdltnrnl gnþ`s n hn pr`pidgng y/` pérgign dl h`s pr`ods`s‛. Ilvdstibnoiÿl gd nooigdltd ` iloigdltd3 gd noudrg` o`l hn ]ds`huoiÿl >75> gd =552. ‘Ur`ods` sistdkîtio` gd
gdtdrkilnoiÿl y `rgdlnoiÿl onusns, adoa`s situnoi`lds bdldrnr`l ` fnv`rdoidr`l hn `ourrdloin gdh nooigdltd ` iloigdltd, qud sd rdnhizngdo`l dh `mcdt` gd `prdvdlir su qud rdpdtioiÿl, kdginltd dh o`ltr`h gd h`s ridsb`s qud h` pr`gucdr`l‛. Onusns mîsions3 gd noudrg` o`l hn ]ds`huoiÿl >75> gd =552. ‘Onusns rdnhds qud sd knlifidstnl gdtrîs gd h`s
sëlt`kns: rnz`lds p`r hns ounhds `ourrdl h`s not`s y o`lgioi`lds sumdstîlgnrds ` ilsdbur`s: fnot`rds qud uln vdz igdltifiong`s pdrkitdl ul o`ltr`h ngkilistrntiv` siblifiontiv`. Hns onusns mîsions nyugnl n dxphionr p`r qué sd o`kdtdl not`s sumdstîlgnrds ` ilsdbur`s y p`r qué dxistdl o`lgioi`lds sumdstîlgnrds ` ilsdburns‛.
Onusns ilkdgintns3 gd noudrg` o`l hn ]ds`huoiÿl >75> gd =552. ‘Oiroulstnloins qud sd prdsdltnl custnkdltd nltds
gdh o`ltnot`: p`r h` bdldrnh s`l `msdrvnmhds ` sd anodl sdltir. _d ohnsifionl dl not`s sumdstîlgnrds ` not`s ilsdbur`s (o`kp`rtnkidlt`s qud p`grënl gnr pns` n hn `ourrdloin gd ul nooigdltd ` iloigdltd) y o`lgioi`lds sumdstîlgnrds ` o`lgioi`lds ilsdburns (oiroulstnloins qud p`grënl gnr pns` n hn `ourrdloin gd ul nooigdltd ` iloigdltd)‛. Nooigdltd brnvd3 gd noudrg` o`l hn ]ds`huoiÿl >75> gd =552. ‘Nqudh qud trnd o`k` o`lsdoudloin nkputnoiÿl gd ounhquidr sdbkdlt` o`rp`rnh: frnoturn gd auds`s hnrb`s (fékur, timin, pdr`lé, aukdr`, rngi` y oumit`): trnukn ornld`dlodfîhio`: qudkngurns gd sdbulg` y tdrodr brng`: hdsi`lds sdvdrns gd knl`, tnhds o`k`, nphnstnkidlt` ` qudkngurns: hdsi`lds sdvdrns gd o`hukln vdrtdmrnh o`l o`kpr`kis` gd kéguhn dspilnh: hdsi`lds `ouhnrds qud o`kpr`kdtnl hn nbugdzn ` dh onkp` visunh ` hdsi`lds qud o`kpr`kdtnl hn onpnoigng nugitivn‛. Nooigdltd hdvd3 Nooigdltd qud bdldrn kdl`s gd ul gën gd ilonpnoigng. Onusns gd h`s nooigdltds3 s`l t`gns nqudhhns o`lgioi`lds qud dl gdtdrkilngns oiroulstnloins sd gdsvënl gd ul dstîlgnr y dltrnl n f`rknr pnrtd gd uln sdoudloin gd dvdlt`s qud tidldl o`k` rdsuhtng` ul nooigdltd ` iloigdltd.
Onusn ilkdgintn3 s`l hns oiroulstnloins qud sd prdsdltnl nltds gdh o`ltnot` y qud `ribilnr`l girdotnkdltd dh
nooigdltd. p`r h` bdldrnh sd pudgdl `msdrvnr fîoihkdltd p`r dh ilvdstibng`r y sd rdfidrdl n o`lgioi`lds ` o`kp`rtnkidlt`s ilsdbur`s Onusn mîsion3 s`l nqudhh`s fnot`rds qud o`ltrimuydl n hn dxistdloin gd hns onusns ilkdgintns. U`r h` bdldrnh sd rdquidrd gd ul kny`r nlîhisis pnrn sdr rdo`l`oigns p`r dh ilvdstibng`r. Wnkmiél sd hds gdl`kiln onusns rnëz, onusns ilgirdotns ` o`ltrimuydltds. Lnturnhdzn gd hn hdsiÿl3 _d gdl`kiln p`r sus priloipnhds onrnotdrëstions fësions. Dcdkph`s3 nkputnoiÿl, frnoturn, adrign, hukmnhbin, qudkngurn, dltrd `trns. Ounlg` sd prdsdltnl hdsi`lds kóhtiphds sd gdmd dhdbir hn hdsiÿl kîs sdrin. U`r dcdkph`, sd sdhdooi`ln gd prdfdrdloin uln hdsiÿl qud ikphion ilonpnoigng pdrknldltd nltds qud uln hdsiÿl o`l ilonpnoigng tdkp`rnh. Ounlg` hns hdsi`lds gd gifdrdltd lnturnhdzn pnrdodl sdr gd ibunh knblitug, sd ohnsifionl o`k` hdsi`lds kóhtiphds. Unrtd gdh oudrp` nfdotngn3 _d ohnsifion hn pnrtd gdh oudrp` qud rdsuhtÿ girdotnkdltd nfdotngn p`r hn hdsiÿl. Ounlg`
hn lnturnhdzn gd hn hdsiÿl ` hdsi`lds nfdotn vnrins vnrins sdooi`lds gd uln pnrtd priloipnh gdh oudrp` ` gifdrdltds kidkmr`s priloipnhds gdh oudrp`, gdmd utihiznrsd hn ontdb`rën ‘pnrtds kóhtiphds‛, gd noudrg` o`l hns rdbhns gdh két`g`. Dcdkph`s3 Knl`, gdg`s, pid, tr`lo`, onmdzn. Wip` gd nooigdltd3 _d gdsibln dh suods` qud girdotnkdltd pr`guc` hn hdsiÿl. Dltrd ést`s sd dloudltrnl3 B`hpdng` o`ltrn ` p`r: onëgn gd ul livdh supdri`r ` n ul kisk` livdh: o`big` dl, gdmnc` ` dltrd: s`mrddsfudrz`: o`ltnot` o`l, dltrd `tr`s Nbdltd gd hn hdsiÿl3 _d rdfidrd nh `mcdt`,dsonhdrn, sustnloin, dxp`sioiÿl, ` quëkions, k`vikidlt` gdh oudrp` hdsiÿl. Dcdkph`s3 Knquiln tr`qudhng`rn, oncn, sustnloins fudb`, dto. qud girdotnkdltd pr`guc` hn
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