Introduction to Techlog
Short Description
Techlog...
Description
Introduction.
Workflow/Solutions Training.
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The next generation of petrophysics.
Copyright Notice Copyright © 2010 Techsia SA, France. A Schlumberger company. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of Schlumberger Information Solutions, 5599 San Felipe, Suite100, Houston, TX 77056-2722.
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April 2, 2010
Table of Contents
About this Manual Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What You Will Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What to Expect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Course Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1 1 3 4 5
Module 1 Basics of the Techlog Window
Module 2 Data Import Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: DLIS File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing Log Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: LAS File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing LAS Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 3: Text File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing TXT Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Importing Filename TOPS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 2: Importing Filename TOPS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 3: Importing Filename TOPS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 4: CSV Spreadsheet Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing a CSV Spreadsheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Importing Formation Pressure.xlsx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 2: Importing Thin Section Analyses (Table) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 5: Image File Import (PNG and TIFF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Importing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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17 17 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 26 27 29 29 30 30 32 33 34
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Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Lesson 1: Techlog Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Components of the Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Lesson 2: Dock Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Main Dock Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Output Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Zonation Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Lesson 3: Workspace Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Lesson 6: XML File Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Importing XML Files] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 7: Well Identification Solver: Data Import under the Same Name . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Importing under the Same Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36 36 37 37 38
Module 3 TVD Computation and Index Dataset Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: TVD Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Running a TVD Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Correspondences Table Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating a Correspondences Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41 41 41 43 43 44
Module 4 Variables Management
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Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Families Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Families Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Family Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exporting and Importing Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Family Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating a New Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Family Assignment Rules Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Aliases Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aliases Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding a New Alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aliases Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating LQC Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47 48 48 50 52 53 54 55 57 57 58 60 61 62
Module 5 LogView Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: LogView Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Core Image Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 3: Zonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 4: Plots in Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 5: Save and Apply a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Building a LogView Plot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 2: Changing the Top and Bottom Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 3: Additional Icon Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 4: Configuring a Crossplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 5: Applying a Layout to Other Wells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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65 65 69 70 71 74 75 77 78 79 82 83
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Module 6 Cross-plot 85 85 86 87 87 87 88 89 89 89 91 93 93 93 93 93 93 94
Module 7 Zonation Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Lesson 1: Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Miscellaneous Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Exercise 1: Editing a Zonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Lesson 2: Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Editing an Existing Set of Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Creating a New Set of Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Creating a Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Zone Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Picking the Top of the Next Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Leaving Non-Interpreted Gaps Between Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Saving Zonations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Properties Window of the Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Exercise 1: Creating a Layout in the Graphical Zone Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Lesson 3: Graphical Tools for Creating and Editing Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Adding a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Splitting a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Merging a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Disconnecting Two Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Moving to the Top of a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
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Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Appearance of the Cross-plot Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display and Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Cross-plot Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variables Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filter Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charts Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 3: Cross-plot Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interactive Selection Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 4: Regressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copying an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving the Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleting a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Exercise 1: Creating a Zone in LogView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
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Module 8 Data Editor Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: The Data Editor Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edit Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Save / Load Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Creating a New Dataset in Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Calculating Variables with the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 3: Equations Management in the Data Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating and Saving an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Creating an Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Variable Array Type Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 2: Computing a Variable with an Array Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 4: Excel Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connecting with Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Exporting and Importing the GAMM Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121 122 122 123 125 127 128 129 131 131 132 132 132 133 134 135 135 135 136
Module 9 Depth Shifting Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Manual Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating a Depth Shifting Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depth Shifting a Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving the Depth Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applying a Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Feature – Block Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Automatic Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Workflow for Automatic Depth Shifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Properties Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Depth Shifting a Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 2: Depth Shifting a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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139 139 139 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 145 150 152
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Module 10 Variables Splice Tool Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Datasets in the VST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Creating a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155 155 158 159
Module 11 Project Data Management
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Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 1: Project Browser Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 2: Issues in the Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inventory Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Identifying Issues in a Dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lesson 3: Data Harmonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Harmonization using the Project Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Harmonization using the Inventory Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Harmonization using Data Harmonization Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise 1: Correcting Data Harmonization Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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About this Manual
About this Manual This manual discusses the platform tools implemented within Techlog. Techlog is a wellbore-centric petrophysical application comprising a platform and a suite of add-on application modules. The platform, which is the subject of this manual, comprises tools for loading, visualizing, and editing your data. You will learn how to load data from various vendors and sources, display the data using the various viewers, and use a variety of tools to prepare the data quality control. You will become proficient with the platform tools, and you will gain an understanding of the major principles governing the software. This training will prepare you for additional courses and advanced training.
Learning Objectives After completing this training, you will know how to: load various types of data, including logs, cores, images, arrays, zone tops and more
•
visualize the data using a variety of visualization tools
•
manipulate data at a simple curve level (editing, smoothing) and at the dataset level (depth shifting, splicing, harmonizing).
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You also will know where to find functions amongst the editors and graphics tools.
What You Will Need In this training you will need the following documents, hardware, and software: •
Operating system: Windows 2000 or later version
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256 MB of RAM available for Techlog
•
Techlog installation file
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Techlog license file
What to Expect In each module within this training material, you will encounter the following: •
Overview of the module
•
Prerequisites to the module (if necessary)
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Learning objectives
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A workflow component (if applicable)
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Lessons, which explain about a subject or an activity in the workflow
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Procedures, which show the sequence of steps needed to perform a task
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Exercises, which allow you to practice a task by using the steps in the procedure with a data set
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Scenario-based exercises
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Questions about the module
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Summary of the module
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You will also encounter notes, tips and best practices.
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Course Conventions Characters typed in Bold
Represent references to dialog box names and application areas or commands to be performed. For example, "Open the Open Asset Model dialog." or “Choose Components.” Used to denote keyboard commands. For example, "Type a name and press Enter." Identifies the name of Schlumberger software applications, such as ECLIPSE, GeoFrame or Petrel.
Characters inside triangle brackets
Indicate variable values that the user must supply, such as and .
Characters typed in italics
Represent file names or directories, such as "... edit the file sample.dat and..." Schlumberger Private
Represent lists and option areas in a window, such as Attributes list or Experiments area. Identifies the first use of important terms or concepts. For example, "compositional simulation…" or “safe mode operation.” Characters typed in fixedwidth
Represent code, data, and other literal text the user sees or types. Examples include / or 0.7323.
NOTE:
Some of the conventions used in this manual indicate the information to enter, but are not part of the information For example: Quotation marks and information between brackets indicate the information you should enter. Do not include the quotation marks or brackets when you type your information.
Instructions to make menu selections are also written using bold text and an arrow indicating the selection sequence, as shown below: 1. Click File menu > Save (the Save Asset Model File dialog box opens.) OR Click the Save Model
toolbar button.
An “OR” is used to identify an alternate procedure.
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Icons
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Throughout this manual, you will find icons in the margin representing various kinds of information. These icons serve as at-a-glance reminders of their associated text. See below for descriptions of what each icon means.
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Summary In this introduction, we have: •
defined the learning objectives for Techlog introductory training
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outlined the tools you will need for this training
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discussed what you will encounter within this material
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Module 1
Basics of the Techlog Window
Basics of the Techlog Window
The Techlog window is very flexible. You can customize its appearance and organization to suit your working habits. Begin by learning the default location and functionality of each window.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will be familiar with the primary components of the Techlog main window, and you will know how to: •
customize the interface of Techlog
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access project data
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access Techlog modules.
Lesson 1
Techlog Main Window
Figure 1
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The Techlog main window is comprised of many components.
Default position of the main dock windows in Techlog
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Components of the Main Window Title bar
Indicates the version of Techlog as well as the name of the project. The status of the project and the name of the active workspace are also indicated.
Menu bar
Launches the modules, such as Quanti, FPress, SHM and others, Contains commands related to the project, and the modules active in the project.
Toolbar
Shows icons that allow you to quickly access Techlog tools and plots.
Project browser
Shows all the data and Techlog objects loaded in the project.
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Any global action on the database, such as data importing or data filtering, can be done in the Project browser.
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Output window
Displays messages from the system, including information and warnings, and allows you to diagnose issues when working on Techlog.
Contact window
Allows you to manage contacts in the project.
Properties window
Displays the properties of the selected objects. Most Techlog objects can be retrieved, modified and configured from this window, including the units of a variable and parameters.
Action manager
A listing of all the possible actions available on the selected object.
Workspace manager
Allows you to switch from one workspace to another. Techlog operates a system of independent workspaces to optimize the display.
Zonation window
Stores all the interval sets within the project. It also permits you to limit the data display and analysis to a specific set of intervals.
Palette window
Select, create and modify color palettes.
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Lesson 2
Basics of the Techlog Window
Dock Windows
All the windows described are dockable windows. This means they can be re-arranged at your convenience.
Moving the Dock Windows Become familiar with manipulating the position of dockable windows by moving the Project browser. To move the Project browser: 1. Select the window header and drag-and-drop it to the right. The Project browser is now an independent window that can be moved to another screen. 2. Move the Project browser above the Properties window. The Project Browser and the Properties window are now docked, with two tabs displayed in the same window. 3. Restore the windows to their default position. In the View menu, choose Restore default positions. Schlumberger Private
The Main Dock Windows Each of the main windows in Techlog is described in detail.
The Project Browser The Project browser is where you access and display various Techlog objects and perform simple operations. Click on Datasets to view a list of Techlog objects that includes project wells, datasets and variables. The icon representing the dataset or the variable provides you with information on the dataset or the type of variable.
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Figure 2
Listing of objects
Figure 3
Saved layouts and plots
Figure 4
Saved workflows
The display can show a variety of other Techlog objects.
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Main Actions in the Project Browser Actions can be applied on wells, datasets and variables directly from the Project browser. If you right-click on a Techlog object, you will see an interactive list of the actions available. For example, right-click on a well, a dataset and a variable; view the information displayed for each. The available actions in the contextual menu depend on the object you select.
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Figure 5
Contextual menus
The Output Window The Output window contains information on every operation being run in Techlog. The messages provide you with valuable information and alert you to issues with the applications. Messages display in one of three colors, depending on the content of the information: •
Green is for information.
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Orange is a warning.
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Red is for errors.
Each error and warning message is documented with an explanation about why the error or warning occurred. A sample green information message is shown in .
Figure 6
Information message after importing a dataset
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The Properties Window The Properties window displays the parameters of any selected object - a variable, a workflow, a log view and more. The content of the window depends on the selected object, and you can edit the properties of the object. For example, if the variable CLITH is selected in a layout, the window shows the Display properties.
Moving the Properties Window To manipulate the Properties window: 1. In the Project browser, select the variable CLITH in Well2, DATAFULL. 2. Press the F4 shortcut key to bring the Properties window to the front. Note that you can manually edit the unit of the variable. 3. Press F4 again to dock the Properties window in.
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Figure 7 shows the important controls in the Properties window when an object is selected: •
Type of the selected object
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Full name of the object
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Tabs for access to parameters and properties of the object TIP:
Figure 7
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Properties you can edit in the Properties tab are accented in green
Key items of the Properties window
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Basics of the Techlog Window
The Zonation Window The Zonation window stores all the interval sets in the project. Zones selected in the Zonation window are reflected in plots displays and workflows. To select zones, choose the name of the set from the drop-down list. In this example, only one set, named STRATIGRAPHY, exists.
Figure 8
Select a zonation dataset
After you select a dataset, a list displays containing all the zones within the zonation set. Schlumberger Private
For example, in a layout, the selected zones in the Zonation window are highlighted in the layout.
Figure 9
Zones selected in the zonation window are highlighted
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Lesson 3
Workspace Manager
The Workspace manager lists the workspaces opened in Techlog, and the windows opened within each workspace, such as plots and workflows. shows the active windows and workspaces displayed in bold. In this instance, the active window is the layout UnknowMW in the workspace Techlog workspace.
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Figure 10
Workspace manager showing three workspaces
You can switch from one workspace to another by double-clicking on it in the Workspace manager. You can also close windows or entire workspaces from the contextual menu.
Figure 11
Workspaces and windows can be closed
Summary In this module, you learned about:
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using the Techlog main window
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customizing the interface of Techlog
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accessing project data
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accessing Techlog modules.
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Basics of the Techlog Window
NOTES
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Module 2
Data Import
Data Import
Techlog can integrate many types of data, including log data, point data, seismic, deviation files and image files. Techlog also supports a variety of the most common formats, including LAS, GeologASCII, DLIS/LIS, ASCII file with the wizard, core images and TechCSV and the Techlog format (XML)
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to import: •
data files, such as DLIS, LAS and TXT formats
•
spreadsheet files
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image files, such as PNG and TIFF
•
XML Techlog files
You also will know how to use the Well Identification Solver. Schlumberger Private
Introduction You can import data in three ways, all of which are shown in Figure 12: Select Project > Import OR Press Ctrl + Shift + J,I OR Click Data Import
Figure 12
.
Import option
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Regardless of the method you choose, the action opens the import buffer (Figure 13) in the Project browser dialog.
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The import buffer holds in a temporary disc space all the data you choose to import. You can quality check the properties of each variable to be imported before it is formally imported into the project.
Figure 13
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Project browser (left) and the import buffer (right)
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Lesson 1
Data Import
DLIS File Import
There are two ways you can import *.dlis data - File(s) import or Selective DLIS import (Figure 14).
Figure 14
File(s) import dialog
File(s) import loads the header and the data, applies the family assignment rules, and calculates statistics when loading to the buffer.
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Selective DLIS import loads the header to the buffer and applies the family assignment rules (quick load). When you transfer files to the Project browser, it loads the data and calculates statistics. This type of import is useful when working with large Wellbore image files, or when you to view the content of the file. Imported data are displayed in the import buffer, where you can verify that all variables are present (Figure 15).
Figure 15
Selective DLIS import dialog
After data are imported into the buffer, highlight the datasets to be imported into the project and click the Blue Arrow into the Project browser (Figure 16).
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You can observe the progress of the import in a Techlog window.
Figure 16
Data import into the Project browser
Importing Log Files To import log files: 1. Select Project > Import. 2. In the Project buffer, click the drop-down menu and choose Selective DLIS import. 3. Click Open
.
4. Choose the files listed under \DATA\01 DLIS\Dataset full and click Open.You should see five files:
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Well1.dlis
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Well2.dlis
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Well3.dlis
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Well4.dlis
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Well9.dlis
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Data Import
5. When the files are added to the import buffer, they are added as well names. Expand each well and view the datasets. 6. Choose the dataset DATAFULL for all five wells and click the Blue Arrow browser.
to formally import the data in the Project
7. Verify that your data were correctly imported by expanding the wells and the datasets. 8. Click on a variable and look in the Properties dock window. The properties for each variable are displayed. TIP:
The shortcut for looking in the Properties window is F4.
Notice that some variables are displayed in black, gray or red. •
Black indicates a variable has a unit, and has been assigned to a family.
•
Gray indicates the variable is missing, or a family or a unit.
•
Red indicates the variable has no unit and no family assigned to it.
9. After you quality check the data, click the Delete icon delete the contents of the import buffer.
Lesson 2
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This display helps you harmonize and quality check the data. (These topics are discussed later in the training.) to
LAS File Import
When importing *.las files, set the drop-down menu in the import buffer to the File(s) Import method (Figure 17). All other steps in the import process are identical to the procedure for importing *.dlis data.
Figure 17
LAS file import dialog
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Importing LAS Files To import *.las data: 1. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 2. Click
.
3. Choose the files listed under \DATA\02 LAS\Dataset full and click Open. •
Well1.las
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Well2.las
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Well3.las
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Well4.las
•
Well9.las
4. Expand each well and view the datasets.
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5. Choose the dataset SURVEY for all five wells and click to formally import the data in the Project browser. The figure shows the import buffer after adding the SURVEY files.
6. Verify that your data were correctly imported by expanding the wells and the datasets. You can see that the SURVEY dataset has been added to each well. The figure on the facin gpage shows the Project browser after the SURVEY data are imported.
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7. Click on a variable and look in the Properties dock window. The properties for each variable are displayed. TIP:
The shortcut for looking in the Properties window is F4.
Some variables are displayed in black, grey or red. 8. Click
to delete the contents of the import buffer.
Lesson 3
Text File Import
Text files are imported as *.las files using the File(s) Import method. Before *.txt files are added to the import buffer, they are displayed the Data import wizard window (Figure 18). In this window, you can verify that your data will be correctly imported. Data import wizard allows you to configure many parameters: •
dataset type - continuous data, point data, intervals, and more
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specific lines from which to import
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a line for unit, if it exists
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delimiter of the original file.
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Data Import
Figure 18
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Data import wizard for zones import
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Data Import
Importing TXT Files To import*.txt data: 1. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 2. In the folder \DATA\03 TXT, import the file ZONES.txt. The Import Wizard window opens. 3. In the Property area, change the Dataset Type to Interval. Notice that there are no units in this file. 4. Add the unit (ft) to the Reference variable. 5. Click Preview. Your Data import wizard window should look the same as the window in the figure.
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6. Click Load to the import buffer. 7. Make a quality check of the data added to the import buffer. TIP:
You can add multiple files to the import buffer.
Your import buffer should look the same as the figure.
In the exercises that follow, you import TOPS1, TOPS2, and TOPS3.
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Exercise 1
Importing Filename TOPS1
To import filename TOPS1: 1. Verify that the import type is set to files import. 2. Define the well name column. 3. Define the dataset name column. 4. Define the reference unit. 5. Define the dataset type (Interval). Two settings were configured automatically: •
Variable name line was set to 1.
•
Data import will be done from line 2. These settings should be verified for any future files.
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NOTE:
Exercise 2
Importing Filename TOPS2
To import filename TOPS2: 1. Activate the property Top/bottom. This is useful for cases in which you have a top column and a bottom column. Notice that the property Dataset type was automatically set to interval. 2. Define the TOP and Bottom columns and verify they have the correct units. Notice that, in this example, there is no need to define the reference curve. The Top variable will be used as a reference. 3. Define the well name column.
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Data Import
4. Define the Dataset name in the Property area. If no column is defined as dataset name, you have the option of entering a name. 5. Click Load to the import buffer.
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Notice the red error messages in the output dock window during the import process: [10:01] Warning: The reference column (variable #2) is not sorted at line 64: Well9;TOPS2;11233.5;ZoneE. [10:01] Warning: The reference column (variable #2) is not sorted at line 65: Well9;TOPS2;12065;. 6. Review the original file and make corrections as needed. Notice that a dot is missing in line 26 of the original file. Instead of displaying a depth of 10983.4, the depth is displayed as 109834. 7. After saving corrections to the file, repeat steps 1 through 5 to import it.
Exercise 3
Importing Filename TOPS3
To import filename TOPS3: 1. In the Property area, define Delimiter > Others as a ( ' ) separator and click Preview. 2. Set Combine consecutive separators to yes and click Preview. 3. Remove the unit from the Well name column.
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4. Add a unit to the Reference column. 5. Define Dataset name as TOPS3. 6. Set the Dataset type as interval.
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7. Optional: Edit the original file and delete ( ' ) separator.
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Lesson 4
Data Import
CSV Spreadsheet Import
Core data are imported as point data in *.csv format using the File(s) import option. Display the Data import wizard to verify or change property settings.
Importing a CSV Spreadsheet NOTE:
If you must import Excel data in *.xls (MS Office 2003) or *.xlsx (MS Office 2007) formats, save the files in the *.csv format.
To import this type of spreadsheet: 1. Open the folder \DATA\04 CSV and import the file Well1. The Data import wizard is displayed. 2. Verify that these property settings are correct, or make changes accordingly: a. Set the Dataset type to Point Data. Schlumberger Private
b. Add units to variables. c. Set the Variable name line to 1. d. Set the Import from line to 2. e. Add the FT unit to the reference if it was not previously added. 3. After your point data are added to the import buffer, you should see a display similar to the figure below. The name of your point data dataset should be MICP.
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Exercise 1
Importing Formation Pressure.xlsx
To import the file formation pressure.xlsx: 1. Open the Excel file and save it with the same name in a *.csv format comma delimited file. 2. Define Dataset name and import the data to the buffer only. Notice that the curves were imported as array (vector) data . This is done because, in the original file, at least one depth repeats itself twice. 3. Clean the buffer by clicking
.
4. In the import buffer, click on the word Datasets. In the Properties window, look for the option named ASCII import. 5. Highlight Array creation policy and choose the option add an epsilon to the reference value. This option remains selected for any type of data.
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This configuration is not optimal for other types of data, such as Capillary Pressure curves. Choosing the option ask for each case may be useful for future import sessions.
6. If you forgot to configure Well name and Dataset name, make these entries by right-clicking and using the context menu.
Exercise 2
Importing Thin Section Analyses (Table)
To import a thin section analysis: 1. Define variable name line as line 3 (of the original file) and click Preview. Notice that this file has no units. 2. Define unit line as line 0 and click Preview. Notice that, in this instance, the application begins importing the file only from line 10. 3. Define import from line as line 4 and click Preview. 4. If you wish to visualize additional lines in the lower table, increase the number of available lines and click Preview.
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Data Import
5. Remove the Well name from column 1. 6. Define the curve to be the Reference of the dataset. 7. Add units to the curves and enter a name for Dataset name.
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Lesson 5
Image File Import (PNG and TIFF)
Image files can be imported only using the Images import with wizard option (Figure 19).
Figure 19
Images import with wizard option
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In the Image import wizard window, you set parameters in the Dataset information and Image information areas of the wizard to determine how Techlog should read the file. Upon import, you can either copy the actual file and place it in the project, or copy a link to the location of the image. The Image import wizard dialog allows you to choose and preview image files to import.
Figure 20
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Image import wizard for image files
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Data Import
Importing Image Files To import image files: 1. In the import buffer, verify that the type of data is set to Images import with wizard. 2. Highlight the folder \DATA\05 Core images PNG/Well9/ Daylight and choose all files. The Image import wizard window opens. 3. Toggle ON Copy all images into the project. NOTE:
You are importing the file, not a link to the file.
4. In the Images information area, the Name model field extracts information from the filename. Scroll to the end of the filename list and locate Top Depth – Bottom Depth, as indicated in the Name model field - %DepthTop%-%DepthBottom%. 5. Depending on the name of your file, you can create models with different names. (Refer to the Possible patterns list.)
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6. In the Dataset information area, choose ft from the dropdown list in the Depth unit field. 7. Click Load to import buffer. 8. Highlight the folder \DATA\06 Core Images TIF/Well9/UV and choose all files. 9. Configure parameters to import *.tiff files.
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10. Toggle ON Copy all images into the project.
11. Verify that Well9 contains the image logs. 12. Choose all wells from the import buffer and click the files into the Project browser.
Exercise 1
to import
Importing Images
To import images: 1. Click images.
, navigate to the image folder, and choose all the
2. The name of images file must comply with the naming convention for images. In this instance, the naming convention is %WellName%_%DatasetName%_%DepthTop% You can type the name or choose from a list of possible patterns. 3. Enter a name using the correct convention. Type the name or by choose a predefined pattern. 4. Click Preview to view the correctly displayed depth reference.
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Data Import
5. If you wish to copy images into the project, check the option Copy all images into the project. 6. If you do not choose this option, a link will be created between the variable and the actual image during the import process. NOTE:
These images display three feet of image each.
7. As a result of the naming convention, the three images on the bottom are assumed to be five feet. This will stretch the images upon import. To correct the display, choose the option Max interval and set it to 3. 8. Review the depth table and note the empty intervals. 9. Choose a proper unit. 10. Enter a Dataset name. 11. Configure the import.
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Lesson 6
XML File Import
XML files are data files that have been previously processed and exported in Techlog. This format contains all the additional information that a variable may carry, including an associated palette, well color, and more.
Importing XML Files] To import *.xml data: 1. Set the drop-down menu to File(s) import. 2. In the folder \DATA\07 XML, import all files present: •
Well1_LQC.xml
•
Well2_LQC.xml
•
Well3_LQC.xml
•
Well4_LQC.xml
•
Well9_LQC.xml
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The data are imported directly into the import buffer without going through the Data import wizard. 3. Verify the data while they are in the import buffer. 4. Click to import the data into the project. Here, you are importing LQC datasets.
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Lesson 7
Data Import
Well Identification Solver: Data Import under the Same Name
This exercise shows you how to import data from one well to another well. This is a useful process when the names of two wells are not identical due to a typing error, naming conventions, and so forth.
Exercise 1
Importing under the Same Name
One method of importing the data under the same well is to rename each well. Another solution is to use the Well Identification Solver. To import data under the same name: 1. Import the file RUN1.las to the project. 2. Clean the import buffer by clicking
.
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3. Drag-and-drop RUN2.las, RUN3.las and RUN4.las to the import buffer. Notice that the name of the well is slightly different for each file. 4. In the import buffer, click on the word Datasets and view the import properties. The second tab, Well Identification Solver, is active by default. On the left side there is a list of all wells in the import buffer, while on the right side there is a list of the wells that already exist in the project. 5. Link the wells in the buffer to the wells in the project. 6. Return to the buffer and click
to import the data.
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Summary In this module, you learned about importing: •
data files
•
spreadsheet files
•
image files
•
XML Techlog files.
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In addition, you were introduced to the Well Identification Solver.
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Data Import
NOTES
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Module 3
TVD Computation and Index Dataset
TVD Computation and Index Dataset
This module covers how to compute a True Vertical Depth (TVD) variable and create an Index dataset. The Index dataset creates a correspondence table using the reference depth of each dataset. This step is necessary in order to link all the datasets within a well. Without the Index, data cannot be displayed in 3D plots and some modules will not run.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to use: •
deviation survey data to calculate TVD
•
the Reference Dataset tool to create a correspondence table.
TVD Computation
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Lesson 1
This tool uses deviation survey data to calculate true vertical depth (TVD), the offset of the well, and several additional references.
Running a TVD Computation To perform a computation: 1. Select Techdata > TVD computation. 2. Insert the required families, as indicated in the figure, and click Create. An empty True Vertical Depth window displays.
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3. Drag-and-drop the deviation survey dataset into the Project browser on the left side of the window, under the Wells tab.
A line appears for each well, with additional parameters. The parameters are read directly from the well properties. In this example, it is an on-shore well with an elevation of 90 feet.
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4. Scroll across to the Method field on the right side of this parameters line. You can use the drop-down options to change the method used to calculate the TVD curve and sampling rate of the new dataset.
5. Click Apply. A new dataset named TL_WellPath is created under Well1 in the Project browser. This dataset contains: •
TVD - true vertical depth
•
TVDSS - true vertical depth sub-sea measured from the KB
•
XOFFSET - the offset in the X direction from the well position, measured from sea level
•
YOFFSET - the offset in the Y` direction from the well position
•
TVDBML - true vertical depth below mudline, measured from the earth's surface:
•
(TVDSS - water depth)
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The names can be modified in the properties of the method.
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TVD Computation and Index Dataset
6. Remove Well1 from the Wells list in the project navigation pane. 7. Repeat step 3 through step 5 for Wells 2, 3 and 9. 8. Drag-and-drop all three wells together in the navigation pane under the Wells tab and calculate the TVD for each at the same time.
Lesson 2
Correspondences Table Creation
Without an Index dataset, you cannot display items in 3D, display 2D plots according to various references, or work with specific modules.
Creating a Correspondences Table To create a correspondences table: 1. Select Techdata > Reference dataset > Manual build. 2. Drag-and-drop one or more datasets into the Datasets navigation pane. Schlumberger Private
In this example, select two datasets: •
MICP, containing MD and Core depth data
•
TL_Wellpath, containing MD, TVD and TVDSS data.
All the depth measurements in each well are displayed in the corresponding column.
3. For each dataset, choose the curves to use in the Index dataset and click Apply. A new dataset named Index is generated from this operation. It comprises all the depth variables from the datasets present in all the wells used in the process. 4. Remove the datasets from Well1, and repeat the operations for the other wells.
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Summary In this module, you learned about using: deviation survey data to calculate TVD
•
the Reference Dataset tool to create a correspondences table.
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•
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TVD Computation and Index Dataset
NOTES
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Module 4
Variables Management
Variables Management
Variables are series of data - alphanumeric, scalar curves or vector arrays - arranged according to a chosen index or reference. Upon import, each variable is assigned to a family using the Family Assignment Rules tool. Each family has its own display properties, regardless of the variable name. For example, any curve assigned to the Bulk Density family displays in a linear scale, using a red color between the limits of 1.95 – 2.95 g/ cm3. If the curve has other units compatible with the family's unit, an on-the-fly conversion is done, and the display respects the same limits. In this instance, the limits are between 1950-2950 Kg/M3. Alias is a generic name for variables, but with an order of priority that can be defined by a user.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: edit the Families database
•
import and export families
•
use the Family Assignment Rules tool
•
work with the Alias system.
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Lesson 1
Families Management
The family controls the display settings of all the variables, regardless to the variable name.
Families Database
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To access the tools that allow you to change families in the database, select Techdata > Families management > Families database (Figure 21).
Figure 21
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Menu to access the Families database
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Variables Management
The window in Figure 22 lists all the families in the database and the display settings for each family.
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Figure 22
Families database window
Two tabs are present in this window: Families and Edit Families. The Families tab displays the settings (unit, min-max, scale, line color, and more) corresponding to each family. The Edit Families tab allows you to change these settings at many levels - User, Project, or Company.
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Editing Family Settings To edit family settings: 1. Highlight the family to be edited.
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2. Right-click and choose the level at which you want to edit the family. The Edit Families tab is activated.
Access to the family display properties for editing is shown in the figure. Icons in this tool provide these actions:
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Add a family
Save your changes
Delete a family
Update the display
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Variables Management
3. In the Edit Families tab, highlight the family to edit and change the settings in the Properties window. The options available to modify the family display settings are shown in the following figure. NOTE:
Permeability is automatically assigned a logarithmic scale, display color, line type and thickness, wrap, automatic palette filling, and more. Refer to the figure.
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4. After editing settings in the Properties window, click save the changes.
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Exporting and Importing Families
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You can export the family list to an Excel spreadsheet in *.csv format, modify and add relevant information, then import the revised list. Upon import, you are asked to define in which level the revised list is to be saved - User, Project or Company (Figure 23).
Figure 23
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Exporting the family list in csv (Excel) format
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Variables Management
Editing Family Properties To edit family properties: 1. Select Techdata > Families management > Families database.
TIP:
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2. In the window that displays, scroll through the families list and locate the Gamma Ray family. Press a letter on the keyboard that matches the first letter of the name you wish to locate. In this instance, press G to go to this family directly.
3. Highlight the family Gamma Ray / Gamma Ray and view its display options in the Properties window. 4. To edit the display, right-click on the family and select Edit the family > Project. This opens the Edit Families tab. 5. Change some of the settings in the Properties window color, limits or other parameters. 6. Click
to save and validate these modifications.
Notice that the modified items are now saved in the Project level. 7. Drag-and-drop the variable in a layout and view the revised display. 8. Repeat the process for the same family, but now modify the display properties at the User level. 9. Select Edit the family > user and save your changes.
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10. In the Edit families window, click on one of the levels - User, Project, Company or Techlog - and view the Properties window. The priority in display settings is User first, then Project, Company, and Techlog, in that order.
In the Edit families window, you can deactivate or activate the rules for any level. Deactivating a level means that you will not use the settings at that level. Instead, you will use the settings for the next level down. Deactivating a specific level is useful when you need to generate a report or other specific output.
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For example, gamma ray displayed with Techlog settings is always displayed with a baseline value of 75 for the area fill. If you have no need for the settings, you can remove them from a baseline in the User level. Because users can use their own display settings, identical data may be displayed in different ways. To maintain continuity, you can use Project settings instead of your personal settings so that all plots in the project are harmonized. The same logic follows for the Company level.
Creating a New Family You also can create a new family at any level. To create a new family: 1. In the Edit families tab, select one level: User, Project, Company, or Techlog. 2. Click New
.
3. In the window that displays, highlight the main family, family and level in which to save the new family. TIP:
Alternatively, you can add a new family to the predefined list of Main families.
4. After creating a new family, go to the Properties window and define the display settings for the new family. 5. Click to validate and save the changes, and assign a curve to your new family. 6. Right-click on a curve in the Project browser, and assign it to the new family using the contextual menu that is displayed.
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Variables Management
7. Display the curve in a layout and verify that the settings are correct.
Family Assignment Rules Tool Upon import, variables are assigned automatically to specific families. This is done on the fly according to the variable name and unit by means of the Family Assignment Rules tool. In the dataset DATAFULL, some curves are not assigned to a family and are red in color. This means the curve name did not match any of the existing rules. To use the Family Assignment Rules tool: 1. Select Techdata > Families management > Family assignment rules. This opens the list of all the rules that were applied. 2. Use the Quick Search tool to focus on a family of interest. In this instance, view all the rules in search of the Core Porosity family. Schlumberger Private
Notice that the variable C_PHI was not assigned automatically to this family.
3. To create a new rule, select the list level in which the new rule will be located. The default level is All. Change the level to the Project level. 4. Notice that all the rules disappear, as they all belong to the Techlog level, and the icons that were grayed out are now visible. 5. Click New
to create a new rule.
6. Define the main family and family: •
Main family: Core Analysis Routine
•
Family: Core Porosity
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7. Define the variable name: C_PHI. 8. Define a unit. If you leave the unit as an asterisk (*), the unit is a wild card. This means the rule will be applied on only the variable name and not its unit. 9. Click OK. 10. Before applying the rule, test which variables will be affected as a result of this new assignment rule. a. Tick the option: Test only and click Apply to all variables. b. View the list of variables in the Output dock window. 11. When you are satisfied, uncheck the tick mark from the Test only and apply the rule. Notice that the color of the variable changes. 12. Click on the variable C_PHI in the Project browser. The properties of this variable show that it is assigned to the Core Porosity family. 13. Look again at the list of all rules that assign a curve. A new rule is displayed with a priority above all other rules. Schlumberger Private
NOTE:
It is possible for two or more rules to contradict each other. Should this be the case, the rule highest in the list will be applied first.
14. Repeat Step 3 through Step 11 for the variable name CKK, and assign it to Main family: Core Analysis Routine and Family: Core Permeability. The family assignment rules list can also be exported to Excel, modified and imported.
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Lesson 2
Variables Management
Aliases Management
Aliases are generic names of variables, with an order of priority that you can define. The priority is defined according to the level of the alias - User, Project, Company, Techlog - as well within each level.
Aliases Database To access the Aliases database, select Techdata > Aliases management > Alias database.
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Figure 24
Accessing the Alias database
This window is displayed, listing the aliases databases in the Techlog folder. The actions you can take include: Validate and save modifications Add an alias from the selected level – User, Project or Company Delete an alias from the selected level – User, Project or Company Increase or decrease the priority of a variable
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Figure 25 shows an alias list in the Techlog folder.
Figure 25
Alias list under Techlog folder
Adding a New Alias Schlumberger Private
To add a new alias: 1. In the alias database, click Add
.
2. Name the alias Best_GR. 3. Assign the family Gamma Ray to this alias. 4. Define this new alias to be at the Project level. 5. Assign the variable names that will be used with this variable: a. Choose the Alias name BEST_GR and click
.
b. Add the following names to the list:
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•
GR*
•
GR_R*
•
GR_0*
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GR_NEW
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Variables Management
After the names have been added, arrange the list in your preferred order of appearance, which will also be the order of priority:
6. Click
to validate your modifications.
7. Open a multi-well histogram and use the alias BEST_GR. Schlumberger Private
8. Drag-and-drop the dataset in the Wells panel of the histogram window. Notice that the list of available variables corresponds to the priority list you defined in the Alias database. Open a second multi-well histogram but, this time, choose the Gamma Ray family and compare the results.
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The figure on the left shows a multi-well histogram using the BEST_GR alias, while the figure on the right shows a multi-well histogram using the Gamma Ray family.
Aliases Inventory Schlumberger Private
The Aliases inventory window allows you to list all the aliases in the project (Figure 26). Using this dialog, you can create Log Quality Control (LQC) datasets.
Figure 26
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Aliases inventory
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Variables Management
Creating LQC Datasets To create Log Quality Control (LQC) datasets: 1. Select Techdata > Alias management > Alias inventory. This opens the tool, and lists all the aliases that exist in the Project browser. 2. Click to include specific aliases in the new dataset and click OK. •
DEN
•
DT
•
GR
•
NEU
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This step reduces the list to only these four aliases. 3. For each well, select the curves to be included. 4. In the Properties window, under Alias inventory, verify that the property Keep the original variable name in the harmonised dataset is toggled to Yes.
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5. Create the harmonized dataset. In the Harmonised dataset creation window, enter the information requested: •
Name of the new dataset
•
Reference family
•
Sampling rate
•
Reference unit
6. Click OK.
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For each well, a new dataset is created in the Project browser using the selected curves.
Summary In this module, you learned about:
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•
editing the Families database
•
importing and exporting families
•
using the Family Assignment Rules tool
•
working with aliases.
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Variables Management
NOTES
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Module 5
LogView
LogView
LogView is a useful tool that allows you to display any variable present in the Project browser. The actions available in LogView are classified by the type of action, and the actions available in the dynamic toolbar depend on the object you select. The fixed toolbar and mouse mode do not change.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: •
configure the appearance of LogView
•
create core image displays
•
build zonations
•
create plots in track
•
save and apply a layout.
LogView Appearance
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Lesson 1
LogView can display any type of data, including log, zone, core image, seismic, array data, and core measurements. LogView is accessed in several ways:
Figure 27
Tabs in LogView
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To display data, drag-and-drop one or more variables from the Project browser to a LogView window. The variables for each family display according to the parameters set in the Families database. These settings can be viewed in the Properties window.
Figure 28
Menu bars in LogView
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In addition to changing the curve color and thickness, tabs in the Properties window allow you to change the scale of the plot, the datum, reference depth, and more.
Figure 29
Tabs in the Properties window
The zoom and scale settings are managed with the mouse. To change the scale, hold down the Ctrl key and rotate the scroll wheel.
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LogView
Set the zoom by moving the mouse up or down while holding the down the scroll wheel. If you have a mouse without a scroll wheel, set the zoom by holding down the Alt key and the left mouse button while moving the mouse up or down.
Figure 30
Setting the zoom and scale
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To improve a layout, many options are available in the LogView Properties window and the Variable Properties and LogView toolbars. (Refer to the user guide for more information). Among the available options are Variable management
Variable, family, and alias
Variable appearance
Limits horizontal and vertical axes, variable position, boundaries, curve color, line thickness, unit, and connection type.
Access to variables from a dataset according to a family or alias.
Select the variables (they turn red) and go to the Properties window to adjust the parameters. Repeated variable display
Display the same variable in a track multiple times. This is particularly useful to simulate seismic traces with a repeated display of synthetic logs.
Wrap display
Display the values of a variable not visible in a track.
Text mode
Display text values of a variable in a track.
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Multiple variable appearance modification
Apply a modification to multiple variables at the same time.
Reverse variable boundaries
Inverts variable boundaries.
Variable filling and shading
Insert a color filling between a variable and its right or left limit; insert shading between the two curves.
Baseline
Modify track appearance.
These properties can be modified simultaneously: Color, Font, Type, Thickness, Connection, Marker (type and size), Scale, and Type of Limits (Mnemonic, User, Variable)
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Adjust the zoom factor, display or do not display zones, modify the color of the track background and its width, insert a track name in the header, adjust the number of vertical lines, select the color and thickness of vertical lines and their scale (linear or logarithmic). Grid increment modification
As many as three grids can be displayed in a track: the main reference grid, a secondary grid, and a tertiary grid. Each has a user-defined increment, which allows you to capture a greater or lesser amount of detail from the variables displayed.
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Save layout and layout properties
A LogView layout and its properties can be saved and retrieved at a later date. Saved layouts are saved in the Project Browser under Layouts.
Apply layout and properties to other datasets/wells
When a LogView is set up for a particular well, its layout can be used as a model to display other wells. The subsequent wells display the same variables, all of which create a display using the same settings as those of the original layout.
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Lesson 2
LogView
Core Image Display
Core images can be displayed in LogView in the same way as any other log. To optimize the display, change the zoom factor in the Properties window of the Core Image track.
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Figure 31
Core Image track
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Lesson 3
Zonations
Zonations allow you to insert and use zonation tracks in a layout. To access this feature, go to the layout and select Insert > Zonation track. If there are several wells in the layout, insert a zonation track for each well by selecting Insert > Zonation track for each well. By default, a zonation track displays selected zones of the current zonation set used for the layout. The zonation track is updated when you change selected zones or the zonation set. The zonation track also can display other zonation sets in the database.
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Select a zonation track, use the Properties window to toggle the property Current Zones to No, and choose a zonation set in the Zonation dataset list. Alternatively, choose a zonation from the drop-down menu in the Zonation dock window and toggle ON the zones to display.
Figure 32
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Zonation tracks
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Lesson 4
LogView
Plots in Track
Plots in Track displays three types of variables: •
a variable in a track over a zone interval
•
a user-defined fixed depth interval
•
a user-defined variable depth interval.
To insert a plot, highlight a variable, right-click and select Insert > Plots. Figure 33 shows LogView displaying Neutron and Density variables in the first track, VShale in the second track, and a Neutron-Density crossplot and VShale histogram in the third track.
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Figure 33
LogView variables and histogram
Plot Groups Inserting plots on a depth interval or plots per zone creates a plot group, allowing you to apply global properties to all plots within the group. A group is locked by default, but you can unlock the group in the Properties window. To unlock the group, toggle Freeze to No.
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In a locked group, the display properties are global for all displayed plots from one group. In an unlocked group, the display properties of each plot can be set individually. A group can be copied and pasted into a plot track, moved to a plot track, or removed from a track. For plot per zone and plot by depth interval, the plotted top and the bottom depths are different from the top and bottom of the plot itself.
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You can modify the display limits in the Properties window to produce a correct display independently of the area delimited by the plot. Figure 34 shows an example of a corrected plot.
Figure 34
Grouped plots
The plot can be moved and stretched in this interval without changing the data. This option is activated automatically when adding plots on a large interval; deactivate it by selecting the plot or plot group.
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LogView
Plotting a Variable Depth Interval A plot can be inserted that corresponds to a user-defined variable depth interval. Choose the depth interval and set the top and bottom of the area of interest.
Figure 35
Configuring a histogram
After creating the plot, you can modify the top and bottom of each plotted interval. To modify the plotted interval: Schlumberger Private
1. In the Properties window, set Freeze to No. 2. Choose a plot to modify. 3. In the Show option tab in the Properties window, modify the top and bottom of the area of interest.
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Lesson 5
Save and Apply a Layout
After setting a layout for a well, saving the layout and applying it to other layouts is a simple process. In the Layout window, select Save > Save as layout, and the layout is saved to the Project browser under Layouts. A layout can be retrieved at a later time in the project. You can apply it to datasets or wells in the same layout, or you can apply it to individual layouts. 1. Select Layout > Other wells (in the same layout)…. 2. Choose the wells to which the layout applies. 3.
Add wells to the same layout.
Optionally, you can save the plot as a template by selecting Save > Save as template. The template also is saved in the Project browser under Templates. To apply a template to other wells or datasets: [Procedure] 1. Double-click a template in the Project browser. Schlumberger Private
2. Set either Well template or a Dataset template. As a Well template, the template applies to multiple datasets in a single well. A Dataset template applies to a single dataset in multiple wells. 3. Choose the datasets or wells to which the template applies. The difference between a layout and a template is that a template saves only the content of a layout, whereas a layout saves the complete display (Figure 36).
Figure 36
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Saving a plot as a template (left) and as a layout (right)
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Figure 37
LogView
Plotted layout
Exercise 1
Building a LogView Plot
Build a LogView plot using a variety of tools. To build a LogView plot: 1. Open a LogView from Techplot > LogView MW, or click LogView
.
2. Select Well1 > LQC > CALI. 3. Drag-and-drop CALI in the LogView. 4. Hold down the Ctrl key and choose GAMM and SONI. 5. Drag-and-drop GAMM and SONI in the same LogView. 6. Zoom in and out by holding down MB2 and moving the mouse. 7. Stretch and squeeze LogView image by holding down the Ctrl key while scrolling up and down with MB2. 8. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Normal track. 9. Choose DENS and NEUT simultaneously. 10. Drag-and-drop DENS and NEUT into the empty track.
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11. Inside LogView, hold down the Ctrl key and click on the DENS and NEUT curves 12. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Variable fill…between
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the variables, or click
.
13. In the header, click on the color fill and view the colors in the Properties window. 14. Scroll down to Bi-colour and change the color and pattern by clicking on the Color or Pattern box. 15. Open the dataset DATAFULL and drag-and-drop the variables PHIT_DK and CPHI in the same track. TIP:
Log data and point data plot simultaneously on the same track.
16. Using the dataset LQC, drag-and-drop FACIES04 into the LogView. 17. In the LogView menu, select Insert > Zonation track. 18. In the Zonation dock window, choose STRATIGRAPHY. NOTE:
If all zones show a black square, right-click on a zone name and select Automatic zone colours definition. After assigning the zones a color, toggle them all ON.
19. Insert an array creation track by selecting Insert > Plus > array creation track.
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20. In the dataset DATAFULL, choose these variables and then drag-and-drop them in the new added track. •
VX_CALCITE
•
VX_ILLITE
•
VX_ILLITE
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VX_KAOLINITE
•
VX_QUARTZ
21. When you are satisfied with the plot, select Save > Save as template. 22. Type and click OK. The Well template is located in the Project browser under Layouts. 23. Close the LogView.
Exercise 2
Changing the Top and Bottom Zones
To change the zones: Schlumberger Private
1. Inside the Project browser, double-click on Template_Well_1. 2. Select Well template > Well 9 and click OK. 3. Scroll down to 10,600 ft. All the variables saved in the template for Well1 are now loaded for Well9 using the same template, except for the array cumulated track. 4. In the Well9 layout, click Apply to other wells
.
5. Select Well1, Well2, Well3 and Well4. 6. All new four wells are included in the same layout as Well9, but they are at lower depths. 7. Scroll up to visualize the wells by right-clicking within ZoneD > Align to the zone… Top zone. 8. Close the layout. All the wells are now aligned to the top of ZoneD, which eases the visualization laterally in the layout.
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Exercise 3
Additional Icon Functionality
Try other icons and see the results they produce. 1. Open Template_Well_1 for Well9. 2. Remove the last empty track. 3. Set the layout by clicking
and
.
4. In the Project browser, choose Well9 and choose the DayLight dataset. 5. Drag-and-drop the DayLight dataset into the layout. Notice this layout does not display the core images well because they are tightly squeezed. 6. Drag- and-drop the save DayLight dataset in the layout a second time. 7. Highlight the first DayLight track by clicking on the log name in the header.
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8. In the Layout menu, select Insert > Reference track. A new depth reference track is inserted between the two DayLight tracks. 9. Highlight the second DayLight track. 10. In the Properties window, click Show options. 11. Select Display in the header > Zoom factor and enter . The second core track is stretched to provide better visibility.
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12. Click Show the values lines depth.
LogView
and click Show the position
to display the exact value of the variables at a
13. Choose SONI by clicking on the curve and Add a fill to the lower limit
. The Colour window opens.
14. Click the Palette tab and choose the Palette WBI256. Schlumberger Private
15. In the Palettes dock window, manually change the color scale. 16. Set the lower limit to 50 and the higher limit to 150. Observe the results in the layout. 17. Close the Well9 layout and save it as Well9_Layout.
Exercise 4
Configuring a Crossplot
To configure a new crossplot: 1. Open a new layout. Drag-and-drop the variables GAMM, NEUT and DEN from Well2 and the dataset LQC. TIP:
NEUT and DEN are in the same track.
2. NEUT shows anomalous data, so scroll down to 2,350 m to visualize the correct data. 3. Highlight the GAMM curve and notice that new icons are displayed for histograms in the left-hand toolbar. 4. Click Insert a histogram the GAMM variable.
. A histogram is inserted next to
5. Choose the top or base of the Histogram box, and stretch or squeeze it.
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Notice that the histogram changes depending on the data interval it comprises.
6. Choose the NEUT and DENS curve. New icons are displayed on the left-hand-side; they add to the Histogram icons. 7. Click Insert a cross-plot
to insert a crossplot.
8. Delete this crossplot. 9. Choose three variables - NEUT, DENS and GAMM - in that order. 10. Insert a new crossplot by choosing the same crossplot icon. 11. In the Palettes dock window, right-click on the color scale displayed and click Edit.
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LogView
12. Set up a user-defined color palette when your palette is defined, as shown in the figure.
13. Save it as User_palette. 14. The crossplot is now colored with the new palette. Schlumberger Private
15. In the layout, insert the SONI variable. 16. Highlight the curve and click Insert a baseline baseline where you think it is appropriate.
. Insert the
17. Drag-and-drop the variables AZI and INCLINATION from the Survey dataset with the SONI curve.
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18. In the Properties dock window, select Text mode > Activate and toggle Yes. The variable display mode switches from curve display to text. 19. Optionally, you can change the text font and size in the Text mode tab of the Properties window.
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20. Align AZI to the left and align INCLINATION to the right. The resulting layout is shown below.
Exercise 5
Applying a Layout to Other Wells
To apply a layout to multiple wells: 1. In the Project browser, expand Well3 and Well4. 2. Choose the DATAFULL and LQC datasets. Notice that neither dataset contains a variable named NEUT. Well3 contains the variables CNL_03E and CNL_03R in the DATAFULL dataset; Well4 contains the NPHI variable in the LQC dataset. All three porosity variables have been assigned to the Neutron Porosity family. If you apply the Well2 settings to Well3 and Well4, there will be no Neutron Porosity display. 3. In the layout, highlight the NEUT curve.
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LogView
4. In the Properties window, click the Limits tab and select Variable management. 5. Set Type: to family. This sets the curve display to search for variables with the same family, rather than a variable with the same name. TIP:
The Type also can be set to Alias.
6. Without saving the layout, click Apply to other wells (in same layout)
and choose Well3 and Well4.
7. Check the additions of Well3 and Well4. For Well3, the layout displayed CNL_03E from LQC, while Well4 displays NEUT from DATAFULL. Both variables are assigned to the Family Neutron Porosity. 8. Close the layout without saving.
Summary In this module, you learned about: configuring the appearance of LogView
•
creating core image displays
•
building zonations
•
creating plots in track
•
saving and applying a layout.
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Module 6
Cross-plot
Cross-plot
The Cross-plot tool allows you to compare multiple measurements made at a single reference over a 2D plot. In Techlog, the Cross-plot tool can incorporate as many as five dimensions or variables in a single window, along with filters, charts, secondary variables, user-defined regressions, and equations. The crossplot is linked to all other plots in your Techlog workspace, which means that any point selection you make over the plot will be interactively displayed in other plots.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: configure the appearance of a crossplot
•
manipulate the plot from tabs in the interface
•
use the Cross-plot tools for selection
•
work with regression equations.
Lesson 1
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Appearance of the Cross-plot Interface
The Cross-plot tool is in the same menu as LogView. Access this feature by selecting Techplot > Single Well or Multiple Well > Cross-plot. The Cross-plot interface (Figure 38) has a central viewing area in which the crossplot is displayed. The central display is bounded on three sides by icons. On the left-hand side are the variables and charts displayed over the plot.
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Figure 38
Cross-plot interface
The window displays the density values (Y axis) versus neutron values (X axis). Optional dimensions include: •
Color scale, related to the compressional slowness value
•
Point size, related to the gamma ray value
•
Label, related to the value of the FLD flag curve
Display and Icons Cross-plot has many icons that make it easy to perform common operations. The icons described below allow you to quickly display data appropriately, choose data points or objects, erase points, and show the values of data points. Display data with these icons: Horizontal adjustment Vertical adjustment Global adjustment
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Cross-plot
Choose data points with these icons: Object selections Hand move Zoom Interactive selection
Remove data points with this icon: Interactive eraser
Show the values of data points with this icon: Show the value Schlumberger Private
Lesson 2
Cross-plot Tabs
There are three primary tabs in the Cross-plot interface that help you display the crossplot: Variables, Filter, and Charts.
Variables Tab In the Variables tab, you place curves to be displayed – X axis, Y axis, Color code, Label and Point size.
Filter Tab The Filter tab allows you to refine the display using a different variable. Most commonly, this is a qualitative variable. For example, you may wish to display data points filtering on facies, fluid code, or any classification group. In this example, you choose which facies, or which combination of facies, to display for a more detailed analysis of the data. In this lesson, you will see how to combine the filter with other tools to provide the most accurate data analysis possible.
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Figure 39
Applying the Filter tab
On the left side of Figure 39, you can see the ensemble of all data; the variable name is selected. The right side displays points belonging only to groups 1, 2, and 3.
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Charts Tab The Charts tab adds predefined charts to the data. Charts added over the data points allow you to identify the lithologies and the presence of hydrocarbons.
Figure 40
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Charts tab
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Cross-plot
Second Scale The Second Scale tab allows you to graphically compare between identical data types, which are data types with the same physical magnitude.
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Figure 41
Permeability plotted as a function of porosity
Over the plot, continuous variables are displayed in black and irregularly sampled data (core measurements) are displayed in red.
Lesson 3
Cross-plot Tools
Cross-plot is a graphic tool with a variety of options for data selection and display, quality control, and more.
Interactive Selection Mode The Selection tools are used to select data points over one plot and view these points over another plot. In addition, you apply an action after the points are selected, such as deleting all selected points. The icons shown below allow you to select the data points in two ways: Polygon type selection
Draw a polygon around the area of interest and select the points inside the polygon.
Interactive selection
Click directly over the data points. Select points by moving the cursor so it hovers above them.
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Selection by Polygon A polygon is a graphical object that allows you to select a precise area within the crossplot. There are many options available when working with polygons: Option
Action
Choose a polygon
Hold down the Ctrl key and click inside the polygon
Choose two or more polygons
Hold down the Ctrl key and click inside each polygon
Move a polygon
Choose a polygon and press the keyboard arrows to move the polygon where you want to see it
TIP:
If you choose multiple polygons, all of them will move together.
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Remove a polygon
TIP:
If you choose multiple polygons, all of them will be removed.
Modify the size and shape of a polygon
1. Choose one polygon point.
Choose all polygons
Press Ctrl + Alt + left mouse button
Figure 42
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Choose a polygon and press the Delete key
2. Hold down the Shift key and click on the polygon point.
Polygon selection and a log display
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Cross-plot
Interactive Selection Tool This tool uses a selection brush to choose data points. Options that allow you to choose a brush and adjust the brush size are located in the Properties dock window on the Show options tab. After you select points, there are two ways to deselect them: •
Deselect all selected points by pressing the Esc key or the Space bar.
•
Deselect only specific points by using the Interactive eraser or Mouse mode.
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Figure 43
Interactivity between plots: Points selected over the crossplot (left) are highlighted over the layout (right)
Lesson 4
Regressions
Regressions are equation lines displayed through the data points. Regressions can be added to fit the displayed data, or inserted graphically over the plot. Custom regression creation (to the right of the crossplot)
Add regression
Global regression (to the left of the crossplot)
Regressions can be inserted in different ways: using filters, zones, or selections. You can also generate regression lines on only filtered
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data. •
By filter: If a filter variable is used, a regression will be calculated for each filter group.
•
By zone: If specific zones are chosen, a regression is calculated by zone (Figure 44).
•
By selection: Add (current selection) - Generate a regression through selected points using the Interactive Selection tool.
•
Add (global) - Generate a regression that takes into account all displayed data. This does not account for data points that are NOT displayed.
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Figure 44
Regression calculated by zone
All regression properties can be found in the Properties dock window, including properties such as function type (linear, power or exponential), plot axes, residuals, and color. The syntax used to define regressions is the same as the syntax used in the Data editor. Refer to the help files for more information about predefined operators and correct syntax. Click Help over the interface to view a list of predefined functions and the definition details of an equation.
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Cross-plot
Entering an Equation To define an equation: 1. From the Insert menu, click Add
.
2. Click Add regression. 3. Select Insert > Add. 4. Enter an equation using Y and X or the variable names. For multi-well plots use only X and Y.
Editing an Equation To edit an equation: 1. Highlight the curve. 2. Right-click and select Edit the equation.
Removing an Equation To remove an equation: Schlumberger Private
1. Highlight the equation. 2. Press the Delete key.
Copying an Equation To copy the equations and regressions: 1. Right-click the mouse on the regression equation. 2. Select Copy all equations and functions. The Output dock window displays all the relevant information about the line.
Display Properties Similar to other Techlog objects, you can modify the appearance of the equation line in the Properties window. Display properties can be set in the Properties dock window. In the Appearance tab, you can edit the title, and its font style and size, as well as scale graduations and the background color. On the Display tab, you can edit the marker size, type, and color. After crossplots are saved, you can apply these settings to other crossplots, and use them as default crossplot settings.
Saving the Display Properties From the Save drop down list, choose Currents. A window opens that
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allows you to choose which properties to save.
Figure 45
Display properties save window
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To apply the properties file to another plot, open a new plot and select Properties > Apply.
Summary In the module, you learned about:
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configuring the appearance of a crossplot
•
manipulating the plot from tabs in the interface
•
using the Cross-plot tools for selection
•
working with regression equations.
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Module 7
Zonation
Zonation
A zonation is a specific dataset that stores your zones of interest as intervals. In the Project browser, these datasets are displayed with the icon (Figure 46) and are defined with the Dataset type Interval.
Figure 46
Zonation dataset
Learning Objectives
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After completing this module, you will know how to create and edit zones using the Zone editor, the Graphical zone editor and other graphical tools in LogView.
Overview Each zonation is defined by a reference curve and at least one curve defined with the family Zone Name (). Other information, such as zone description, Hydraulic zones, Fault block, Zones parameters, and more can be present in the dataset. Each zone is defined with a top and a bottom.
Figure 47
Zonation definition
In Figure 47, the zone name at depth 7494 is defined by a missing value. As a result, ZoneC and ZoneE are not contiguous, and there is a gap between depths 7494 and 7907. By comparison, there is no gap between ZoneB and the ZoneC, because the bottom of ZoneB is the top of ZoneC.
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To use a zonation: 1. Choose the zonation in the drop-down list in the Zonation window.
2. Choose the zones to use.
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There are three ways you can create a zonation in Techlog: •
the Zone editor
•
the Graphical zone editor
•
graphical tools present in the layout.
Lesson 1
Zone Editor
The Zone editor allows you to easily create and edit zonation datasets. Zone settings, such as color and comment, also are accessible and editable using this tool. The Zone editor view is based on a tree representation of the zonation (Figure 48).
Figure 48
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Zone editor showing the top and bottom for each zone and well
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Zonation
Each node represents a zone. The wells display in each column, and the zone top or bottom depths display in rows. Each cell displays the depth value at the top and bottom of a zone for a particular well. An empty or missing value in a cell means that no value is defined for the cell. TIP:
The order in which the wells are displayed can be changed by dragging and dropping the well names into the Zone editor header. You also can rearrange the order of the zones, using either drag-and-drop or the shortcut keys Ctrl + up-arrow or Ctrl + down-arrow.
To launch the editor, select Techdata > Zone editor > Zone editor.
Figure 49
Launching the Zone editor Schlumberger Private
To load data in the Zone editor: 1. Drag-and-drop wells into the Zone editor window. 2. Choose a zonation in the Zonation dock window. 3. Toggle ON the zones to edit. After the data loads, doubleclick on a cell to edit it. When a zone is selected, the lower part of the window updates to show the zone color and description. Assign a random color to a zone color by clicking auto, or choose a color by clicking the colored square to the left of the text field. Modify the description of the zone in the text field. All of your changes are recorded when you save the zonation.
Figure 50
Assign a random color to a zone
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To add a zone: 1. Click Add zone
.
2. In the Zonation window, type the name of the new zone. If an item was selected previously, the new zone will be listed after the selected item; otherwise, it will be inserted at the bottom. NOTE:
A deleted zone will be ignored, while a hidden zone (unselected in the dock window) will be taken into account when you set values for the zones or save the zonation.
A well can be removed from the editor using the top header context menu. Schlumberger Private
After all changes are complete, save the zonation by clicking on Save . The zonation dataset is saved in every well present in the editor. NOTE:
When a zonation is saved, if the top of a zone is empty or contains a null value, the zone is skipped. If the bottom of a zone is empty or contains a null value, the top is saved and the bottom is considered to be the top of the next zone.
Miscellaneous Options There are many additional options available in the Zone editor: Unit
Define the unit in which to display values.
Reference
Choose the type of reference with which to work. All the wells present must have the data needed to use the selected type of reference.
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Zonation Name
Enter the name of the zonation.
Background zone color
Display the zone color as background color for the item.
Values precision
Set the precision with which the values are displayed.
Values format
Change the way numbers are represented.
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Update the editor after zone selection
Zonation
Set whether the editor should be updated or not when the selection is changed in the Zonation window and the editor is not the active window. This option is useful when using zones in a log view and editing at the same time.
Use maximal precision when saving
Save values with the maximum precision available or with the currently displayed precision.
Save with the original reference
If this option is set to True, each zonation dataset is saved using a reference identical in type to the original one (if the dataset was already present). If this is set to False, zonation datasets are saved using the current reference type.
TIP:
Use Ctrl + A to expand/collapse all items.
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Exercise 1
Editing a Zonation
To edit a zonation: 1. Select Techdata > Zone Editor. 2. Drag-and-drop Well1, Well2, Well3, Well4 and Well9. 3. In the Zonation dock window, choose Stratigraphy. 4. Highlight all of the zones.
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5. Expand ZoneD to display the top and bottom values.
6. Edit the bottom of the zone in Well1 to create a gap between ZoneD and ZoneE.
7. Click Add zone
and name it ZoneG.
8. Highlight the new zone. 9. In the contextual menu, select Fill the row with > The total depth (TD) of each well. Schlumberger Private
10. Click Save . Name the new zonation STRATIGRAPHY_EDIT. 11. Verify that this zonation has been created in all five wells. 12. In the Zonation dock window, choose the new zonation. 13. Highlight ZoneS. 14. In the RMB menu, select Define Zone Color. 15. Choose a color in the panel.
Lesson 2
Graphical Zone Editor
The Graphical zone editor is used to create and edit zonation datasets. To open the tool, select Techdata > Zone Editor > Graphical zone editor. The Zone parameters editor window opens.
Figure 51
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Launch the Graphical zone editor
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Zonation
Editing an Existing Set of Zones To edit an existing set of zones: 1. Select the option Use the zones of existing zonation in
the upper left corner of the window. 2. Choose the Set of zones you wish to edit.
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Creating a New Set of Zones There are four possible actions when working with zones: Add
Adds a zone when you enter the zone parameters (name, color and description) in the left side of the window and click Add. The zone is added in the list of the right side of the window
Delete
Deletes one or many zones. Choose a zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Delete.
Move up
Moves a zone up the list.
Move down
Moves a zone down the list.
Choose the zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Move up.
Choose the zone in the list of the right side of the window and click Move down.
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To create a new set of zones: 1. Clear the check box for Use the zones of existing
zonation. 2. Enter the zone Name. 3. Define a color. 4. Define a zone Description. 5. Click Add
to populate the Zone list.
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To modify a zone, highlight the zone in the list of the right side of the window and modify the pameters in the left side.
6. Save the sorting of zones by clicking
.
7. When all your zones are created, click Open the graphical editor at the bottom of the window. The Graphical zone editor window opens. The Graphical zone editor is a layout that looks like a multi-well (MW) LogView. To differentiate them, the background colors of the layouts are different - grey in the LogView and yellow in the Graphical zone editor. Many LogView features are available in the Graphical zone editor. To populate the plot, drag-and-drop variables from the Project browser. Click Zone modification in the toolbar of the Graphical zone editor. The cursor changes to display the name and color of the current zone.
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Zonation
If you selected the option Use the zones of existing zonation in the Zone parameters editor, the Graphical zone editor sets this zonation dataset as the current zonation dataset. This means that if you populate the layout, the tops of zones are displayed automatically. You can edit the zone tops by adding, deleting, moving or changing them. Left-click into any well track.
Add a top in multi-wells
Press Shift + left-click into any well track.
Delete a top of a well
Place the cursor on the top you want to delete and press the Delete key. The cursor changes its appearance.
Delete all the tops of a zone in single or multi-well
Place the cursor on the top of any zone you want to delete and press Shift + Delete. The cursor changes its appearance.
Move a top in a well
Place the cursor on the top you wish to move and move it up or down. The cursor changes its appearance.
NOTE:
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Add a top in a well
The bottoms are managed as the tops of the zones and are defined with the name '-9999.'
Creating a Layout 1. Click in the Zone parameter editor window, an empty layout displays. 2. Drag-and-drop variables you need for the zonation creation into the layout. In the figure, Gamma ray and NeutronDensity curves are created for two wells.
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Zone Picking When the layout is ready, you can start picking zones by clicking Add the Zone . When you select this tool, the cursor changes to look like the display in Figure 52. In this instance, you can pick the top of Zone 1.
Figure 52
Cursor display when picking zones
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In Figure 53, the layout indicates the top of Zone 1 has been picked.
Figure 53
Picking the top of Zone 1
Picking the Top of the Next Zone To pick the top of the next zone: 1. In the RMB menu: •
select Move to the next zone to be added
or •
press the Shift + S shortcut
or
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•
Zonation
click Change to the next zone.
2. Pick the next zone. The figure below shows the tops of two zones that were picked. NOTE:
At any time, you can add or remove zones by clicking Edit the zones
.
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Leaving Non-Interpreted Gaps Between Zones To insert a non-interpreted zone between zones, click Add a missing value zone
or use the shortcut Shift + D.
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Figure 54
A non-interpreted zone between zones
Saving Zonations After you finish picking zonations, you may save them in any of these ways: Save the zones into the database. Save the zones into a temporary dataset that can be saved later. Save the zones into the database, and open a log view showing the zonation.
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Zonation
Properties Window of the Graphical Zone Editor Click on the layout background to activate the Properties window of the editor. By default, this is the beige area surrounding the template. The Zone editor tab allows you to change the properties of the editor.
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Figure 55
Properties window of the Graphical zone editor
There are several options you can use to work with zones in this window: Zone to be added
Define the name of the current zone, the one you want to use to add new tops.
Mode 'automatic zone insert'
When toggled ON, it automatically changes the name of the zone to be added.
Accept zone overlap
When toggled OFF, you retain the current zone until you intentionally change it in the Properties window or the menu of the layout. Allows tops to overlap
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Ask for zone creation
When toggled ON, it asks for confirmation if you attempt to create the same zone many times in a single well. When toggled OFF, it does not allow you to repeat a zone in a well.
Save with the original reference
Saves the new zonation dataset, or the modified zonation dataset, with the reference of the original zonation dataset (if there is one).
Zones
Displays the parameters of the zones that can be modified - name, color and description.
Properties of the Tops
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Click on a top to activate the Properties window of the top. You can change the depth of the top and visualize its name and unit.
Figure 56
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Properties window for tops
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Exercise 1
Zonation
Creating a Layout in the Graphical Zone Editor
The Zone Editor interface is similar to the one in LogView. In this exercise, you cover the important aspects of the Graphical zone editor. 1. Open a layout. 2. Drag-and-drop the Gamma ray curve and the Neutron Porosity-Bulk Density curves from Well1 and Well3.
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3. Select Advanced > Open the graphical zone editor....
4. In the Edit the possible zones window, clear the option Use the zones of existing zonation.
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5. Create a list of five zones - Zone1, Zone2, Zone3, Zone4 and Zone5 - by repeating these three steps: a. Type a name. b. Select a color.
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c. Click the action arrow to populate the Zone list.
6. Click Open the graphical editor. 7. Define the tops for Zone1 in the two wells. 8. Move to the next zone to be added (Shift + S). 9. Define the top of Zone2. 10. Change to missing value zone (Shift + D). 11. Define the bottom of Zone2. 12. In the Zone editor tab of the Properties window, choose Zone3 for the parameter Zone to be added. 13. Define the top of Zone3, Zone4 and Zone5. 14. Close the latest zone with a missing value. NOTE:
The missing value was already present in the layout.
15. Confirm you want to add values again in Well1 and Well3. You may observe something similar for these wells. 16. Click Save the zones
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Zonation
17. Enter a name for the new zonation, Training Zonation, and click OK. A new layout has been created. Your new layout should be similar to the layout shown in the figure below.
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The zonation is also present in the Project browser, as shown in the figure below.
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18. Access the new zonation from the Zonation dock window.
Lesson 3
Graphical Tools for Creating and Editing Zones
There are several options available in LogView for editing zonations. The options are accessed by clicking Zone editing in zonation track
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. You can •
add a zone
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split a zone
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merge a zone
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disconnect two zones
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move the top of a zone
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delete a zone
Adding a Zone When clicking on a depth with no zone, a new zone is added. Click in the zonation track to incorporate a new top.
Figure 57
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Adding a zone
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Zonation
Splitting a Zone When clicking on a zone, this one is split into two zones. Click in the zonation track to incorporate a new top.
Figure 58
Splitting a zone
Merging a Zone Schlumberger Private
When you delete the top of a zone that is connected to another zone, these two zones are merged, with the upper zone prevailing. To merge a zone: 1. Move the cursor over a top and select it. 2. Press the Delete key. Notice that the cursor changes during this operation.
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Disconnecting Two Zones To disconnect two zones: 1. Click on the bottom grip of a zone. 2. Move the cursor upwards. Notice that the cursor becomes an arrow for this task.
Moving to the Top of a Zone
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Change the top depth by clicking on the top of a zone and moving the cursor up or down.
Deleting a Zone To delete a zone, locate the cursor over a zone name and press the Delete key.
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Exercise 1
Zonation
Creating a Zone in LogView
To create a zone: 1. Create a layout with Gamma ray, Neutron Density and Bulk Density curves from Well1. 2. Insert a zonation track. 3. Display Zonation Training you created in the previous exercise. 4. Choose all the zones. 5. Click
to change the mouse mode.
6. Click in the middle of Zone2 to split it in two. 7. Use the grip in Zone3 to create a gap between this zone and Zone4. 8. Adjust the length of the zones. Your layout should look similar to the one shown in the figure below. NOTE:
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In the Zonation window, the zonation name now appears with an asterisk (*). This indicates that the zone has changed.
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9. Select RMB menu > Save the zonation.
Summary In this module, you learned about creating and editing zones using three methods:
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the Zone editor
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the Graphical zone editor
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the graphical tools in LogView.
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Zonation
NOTES
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Module 8
Data Editor
Data Editor
The Data editor allows you to observe, change, create, export, import, and discretize data. It allows you to calculate new variables, or apply mathematical operations to existing curves. The calculations can be performed on the entire depth interval or only in a restricted interval. Additional mathematical operators include add (+), subtract (-), multiply (*), divide (/), and power (**).
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: •
access and use the functions in the Data editor window
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calculate variables
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manage equations
•
Import and export data with Excel. Schlumberger Private
Launch the Data editor by clicking or by selecting Techdata > Data editor on the pull-down menu. After opening the window, choose one or more datasets or variables, and drag-and-drop them into the Data editor window. You can display variables, variable information, or variable values. Variable information includes the number of values, standard deviation, mean value, and more. Displayed variable values are expressed according to the reference - generally depth.
Figure 59
The Data editor window
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Lesson 1
The Data Editor Window
The Data editor window has four main tabs – Edit, Display, Tools, and Save / load. Each tab displays a unique set of task icons.
Edit Tab
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There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Edit tab.
Figure 60
Icons on the Edit tab
Functional Description The icons on the Edit tab provide these functions: Go to a specific line. When this icon is activated, dialog boxes are displayed according to the index setting. When the index is toggled to No in the Properties dock window, the values are displayed as reference values (MD).
When the index is toggled to Yes, the values are displayed as a row number.
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Data Editor
Find and replace variable values. This operation can be applied to a variable or a previously selected area. Copy values into the Data editor
Paste the copied value into the Data editor
NOTE:
keyboard shortcut keys are Ctrl + C (copy) and Ctrl + V (paste). Copy the current equation
Create a new dataset
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Add a row before or after the current row
Delete the current row or column. A variable can be removed from the Data editor by highlighting the variable and pressing Delete, or by right-clicking on the variable header and selecting Remove.
Display Tab There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Display tab.
Figure 61
Icons on the Display tab
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Functional Description Switch between Variables mode and Data mode. When changing from one mode to another, the same data are displayed in terms of statistics values for each variable inside the data editor (min, max, mean, standard deviation, more).
Change the row identification from the index to the reference. Schlumberger Private
Available when you drag and drop the array variable in the Data editor. To activate the option, click on the header column of an array variable. A window is displayed that allows you to choose which array columns are to be displayed in the editor. Merge variables into an array. To merge variable, choose a variable and click this icon. A window is displayed that allows you to customize the column order of the newly created array and to choose a name using the blue arrows.
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Fit the column size to the displayed value
Recompute statistics
Tools Tab There are many actions you can take using the icons on the Tools tab.
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Figure 62
Icons on the Tools tab
Functional Description The option to discretize transforms a quantitative variable into a qualitative variable. To discretize a variable, highlight a variable and click . The window pictured below displays. In this example, it shows a density.
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By default, the variable is divided into ten equal intervals from its minimum to its maximum variable value. You can adjust the default division and choose any number of intervals between 2 and 200 for the minimum and maximum values, respectively. You also can redefine the boundaries of each interval to improve accuracy. To edit a boundary, highlight a boundary and double-click inside the Lower boundary box. Note that you can modify only the lower boundary, and the upper boundary of the next interval automatically adjusts to the new value.
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To add a prefix to the existing name, add it in the Prefix box in the upper right. It is automatically added to the 10 intervals.
Figure 63
Automatically adding a prefix to a name
To validate the changes, click Apply. A new variable displays in the Data editor with the name _RANGE. Optionally, save the variable to the database:
Figure 64
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Validating changes with a new variable
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Data Editor
Functional Description Discretize a variable (discussed above) Export data from the Data editor to Excel spreadsheet
Import from Excel to the Data editor
Export a spreadsheet to Excel and display the data in the Excel print preview Open the Equation editor
Create a new equation
Edit the current equation Schlumberger Private
Delete the current equation
Save / Load Tab There are only a few actions you can take using the icons on the Save / Load tab.
Figure 65
Icons on the Save / Load tab
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Functional Description Save the current dataset. If several variables are modified, you can save all of the variables simultaneously by saving the whole set. When saving a variable, you can either overwrite the previous set or create a new one. In the window shown below, enter a new dataset name and save all variables by setting Yes or save only the modified variables by setting No.
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This option also allows you to duplicate a set and all the data it contains. Save only the selected variables. When a variable has been modified but not saved, it is marked by an asterisk (*). To save the variable, right-click on the variable header and click Save to overwrite the previous variable, or click Save as to create a new one. Interactive help files
What is this assistance
Exercise 1
Creating a New Dataset in Data Editor
Use the Data editor to build a dataset with variables and a discretized curve. To create a new dataset: 1. Select Techdata > Data Editor to open an empty Data editor. 2. Select Well1 > LQC and choose the variables GAMM, DENS, NEUT and SONI. 3. Drag-and-drop the variables in the Data editor.
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4. In the Display tab, click to change the display mode, then restore the previous display. 5. Highlight the variable GAMM and click discretized curve.
to create a
6. Choose 0 for the Lower limit value and 200 for the Upper limit value; then click OK. A new variable GAMM_RANGE displays in the Data editor. 7. In the Save / Load tab, highlight the new curve in the Data editor and click Save
.
8. In the Save / Load tab, click to LQC_Selection.
to change the dataset name
9. Choose No for the option All variables, and click OK. A new dataset is visible in Well1 containing only the variables present in the Data editor.
Calculating Variables with the Data Editor
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Lesson 2
The Data editor allows you to calculate new variables or to apply mathematical operations to existing variables. You can run the calculations on the entire depth interval or in only a restricted interval. A new variable is inserted automatically in the Data editor, but it is not yet saved.
Figure 66
Calculating variables in the Data editor
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To see a list of functions available in the Data editor, click What is
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this? or press Shift + F1, then click on a cell containing a defined equation.
Figure 67
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Functions available in the Data editor
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Lesson 3
Data Editor
Equations Management in the Data Editor
You can save all equations used in the Data editor for reuse in another project or study.
Creating and Saving an Equation To create or save an equation: 1. On the Tools tab, type the equation and click Create an equation equation :
. This icon allows you to define a new
2. Enter the name of the equation. 3. Choose the family of the output curve. 4. Choose the unit of the output curve. 5. Enter comments about the equation.
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6. Choose the level at which the equation will be saved – Project, User, or Company.
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Editing an Equation To edit an equation: 1. Click the Tools tab. 2. Choose the equation from the drop-down list and click The Equation properties window opens.
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Removing an Equation To remove an equation: 1. Click the Tools tab. 2. Choose an equation and click Delete
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3. Click Yes to confirm that you wish to delete this equation.
Exercise 1
Creating an Equation
To use the Data editor to create an equation: 1. In the upper part of the Data editor, create an equation named VSH_DE = (GAMM-20)/(120-20) and press Enter. 2. Save the new curve. 3. Click
and then click on the existing equation.
4. Click the Tools tab. 5. Click
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Data Editor
6. In the window that displays, choose these properties: •
Name
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Unit = v/v
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Family = Shale Volume
•
Level = project
Displaying Variable Array Type Data Log array type data, which are vectors that contain more than one measurement per depth, can be displayed in the Data editor. Log array type data are identified with the Column selection the Display tab.
icon from
To display log array type data: 1. Drag-and-drop the data into the Data editor. 2. Highlight the variable column header. Column selection on the Display tab is now active. to display the window below.
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3. Click
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4. Choose one or all the columns to display and click OK to expand the variable array. For example, when you select two columns, they appear in the Data editor as shown in Figure 68.
Figure 68
Two column display
You can also perform computations with an array variable. For example, if you multiply an array variable by a constant value, all columns are multiplied by the same constant value. Schlumberger Private
Figure 69 illustrates the results.
Figure 69
Array variable multiplied by a constant
Notice that the equation is defined with the name of the array and the results are saved as an array variable.
Exercise 2
Computing a Variable with an Array Variable
To compute the variable: 1. Open a new empty Data editor. 2. Select Well1 > MICP and choose the array CShg. 3. Drag-and-drop the array in the Data editor. 4. On the Display tab, choose the column and click
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5. Choose several numbers and click OK. 6. In the equation area, compute CSW as '1-CShg.' 7. Notice that the Data editor displays only the first column of the computed array. 8. Choose the new variable and click
.
9. Click Yes to confirm you wish to save an array
Lesson 4
Excel Connection
Data can be exported directly to Excel with one click on the Tools tab. You can perform calculations and import the results back into the Data editor.
Connecting with Excel To access to these options:
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1. Click Export from Data editor . Excel is automatically launched and the data in the Data editor window are exported into Excel. 2. In Excel, you can modify the imported variables, calculate other variables or use existing macros. 3. After completing all calculations, click Import from Excel to Data editor WARNING:
Exercise 1
. The new calculated variables must have names or they cannot be imported into the Data editor.
Exporting and Importing the GAMM Curve
To perform a data import and export with Excel: 1. Open an empty Data editor. 2. Select Well1 > LQC and drag-and-drop the GAMM curve. 3. Click Export from Data editor
.
4. In Excel use the GAMM values to compute VSH_Excel as (GAMM-20)/110 when the variable GAMM is defined. 5. Click Import from Excel to Data editor
.
6. Save the new variable.
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Summary In this module, you learned about: accessing and using the functions in the Data editor window
•
calculating variables
•
managing equations
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Importing and exporting with Excel.
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Module 9
Depth Shifting
Depth Shifting
The Depth Shifting tool allows you to depth match logs according to a reference log.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: •
manually create a depth shifting window
•
automatically create a depth shifting window
•
depth shift a variable
•
depth shift a dataset.
Lesson 1
Manual Depth Shifting
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Depth shifting of several curves or an entire dataset can be required to correct a tool string shift. This results in a curve being shifted up or down. This lesson shows you how to manually shift a curve or a dataset.
Creating a Depth Shifting Window Several procedures can be applied to depth shift a curve. This procedure shows how to graphically depth shift a variable from a layout. To create a depth shifting window: 1. Choose two logs: a reference log and a log to shift. 2. Drag-and-drop the two curves in an empty layout. 3. Select the two curves. 4. In the Open drop-down list, choose the Open a depth shifting window option. A layout is automatically generated, as shown in the figure that follows. •
The first track displays the log-to-depth shift.
NOTE:
In this track, the curve cannot be modified.
•
The second track displays the reference log.
•
The third track displays the log to depth shift. It is only in this track that the curve can be depth shifted.
•
The last track also displays the log to depth curve but, this time, with the reference log to help you accurately depth match the curve.
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Depth Shifting a Log To activate depth shifting: 1. Hold down the Shift key and left-click in one of the two first tracks. 2. At each click, a red anchor bar appears. Position the cursor on one of the bars at the Log level. 3. Shift the log by moving the cursor up and down, while holding down the left mouse button.
Important Notes
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When only one anchor bar is present, the depth shifting is equivalent to a block shift, as the curve is displaced in one block.
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When two or more anchor bars are present, the depth shifting is equivalent to stretching, as one of the bars locks the curve.
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The depth shifted curve automatically takes the name of the curve with the suffix _sft.
•
To remove an anchor bar, click on it and press the Delete key.
•
It is possible to zoom in or zoom out at any time during the operation.
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Depth Shifting
Saving the Depth Shift After you are satisfied with a depth shift, you can save the curve and save the applied depth shifting. To save the curve: 1. Click on the curve. 2. In the Save drop-down list, choose The variable.... To save the depth shifting, choose The depth shifting table... in the Save drop-down list. A window opens when you enter a name for this depth shifting. The name you enter is applied to a set in which all characteristics of the depth shifting are saved.
Applying a Depth Shifting This function allows you to apply a saved depth shift table to a variable or a reference. To apply a depth shifting: Schlumberger Private
1. In the Project browser, choose a curve to shift. 2. Using the contextual menu, apply the depth shift to either a variable or the reference of the dataset. •
If applied to the variable, only the variable will be depth shifted according to the applied table.
•
If applied to the reference: the entire dataset will be depth shifted according to the applied table.
TIP:
Depth shifting is automatically applied to all the curves you have selected.
Refer to the figure on the following page.
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Depth Shifting
Special Feature – Block Shifting It is possible to block shift any curve: 1. Select the curve. 2. Hold down the Ctrl key while using the top and bottom arrows on the keyboard. WARNING:
The shifted curve is not automatically saved.
3. Right-click on the curve and choose the Save option.
Horizontal Shifting It is possible to laterally shift, for example, a log to match two curves before splicing them. To apply a horizontal shift to a curve: 1. Hold down Ctrl + Alt and click on the curve. 2. Move the cursor from left to right, or from right to left.
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Lesson 2
Depth Shifting
Automatic Depth Shifting
This option automatically computes the depth shift between two logs and displays the computed shift bars in a depth-shift layout. You can adjust or remove the computed shift bars, as desired.
General Workflow for Automatic Depth Shifting Drag two variables (log curves) into a multi-well layout. The variable can be from the same dataset, or from different datasets within the same well. To automatically depth shift: 1. Choose two curves and open the Depth Shifting window. 2. From the Open drop-down list, choose Open the depth shift window. 3. In the Edit drop-down list, choose Automatic definition of the depth shift table. This action calculates and displays the depth bars between the curves. Schlumberger Private
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Properties Window Depth-shift correlations can be adjusted by modifying parameters contained in the depth-shift Properties window, located under the Automatic shift tab.
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Figure 70
Properties window for depth shifting
Automatic Shift Parameters
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Automatically apply
Automatically launches the depth-shift procedure when properties are modified.
Correlation cutoff
When the correlation coefficient between two sequences is below this value, the sequences will be ignored in the depth shift.
Smoothing windows
The automatic depth shift makes two passes:
Window size
Length of the correlation sequence, specifically, the number of depth positions.
Shift size
Designated shift above and below the sequence.
Correlation type
Selects the correlation type from the drop-down list: Correlation, anti-correlation, or both.
Outliers cutoff
Increases or decreases the number of shifted depth positions. Smoothes the signal by reducing noise.
First, a low-resolution pass using a large window size (Smooth Window 1). Next, a high-resolution pass using a small window size (Smooth pass 2).
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Remove outliers shift
Eliminates noise resulting in a smoother signal.
Shift outliers threshold
Eliminates noise resulting in a smoother signal.
WARNING:
Depth Shifting
The shifted curve is not automatically saved. To save it, right-click on the curve and choose the Save option.
Exercise 1
Depth Shifting a Variable
In Well 4, dataset RUN2, use the Depth Shift tool to shift the core porosity variable C_PHI. As a reference, use the log porosity PHIT_DK. To depth shift a variable: 1. Drag and drop the two variables in a new empty layout.
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2. Compare the two variables by placing two curves in the same track and fine tuning the scale.
3. Choose two variables (from the layout) and open the Depth Shift window. 4. Use log porosity as reference, and notice the shift that exists between these two curves.
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5. Insert a depth shifting line by pressing Shift + LMB. 6. Adjust the core porosity variable to fit the two curves.
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7. Enter a name for the depth shift table and save the table. A new dataset is created.
8. Apply the depth shift table on the variable, either from the layout or in the Project browser.
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Depth Shifting from the Project Browser To depth shift the variable from the Project browser: 1. Right-click on the variable and select Apply one depth shift table on the variable…. 2. Choose a name and click OK.
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3. Choose the depth shift table you wish to apply on the variable and click OK.
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Depth Shifting
Depth Shifting from the Layout To depth shift the variable from the layout: 1. Highlight the variable. 2. In the Processing drop-down list, choose Depth shifting and then choose On the variable.
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3. Choose the depth shift table to use in the pop-up window and click OK. A temporary shifted variable is created and designated with an asterisk (*) to the right of the name. 4. Save the modified variable from the layout.
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Exercise 2
Depth Shifting a Dataset
The dataset RUN2 and RUN3 are not correctly adjusted. If you compare the GAMM from RUN2 and RUN3 in a layout, you will notice a small shift.
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In this exercise, you will depth shift the RUN3 dataset to correct this shift.
Figure 71
The curve GR in RUN3 is shifted compared to GR in RUN2
To depth shift a dataset: 1. Choose two gamma ray curves in the layout. 2. From the Open drop-down list, choose Depth shift window. 3. Press Shift + LMB to insert a depth shift line. 4. Move the line to fit the two logs. Refer to the figure on the facing page.
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5. Save the depth shift table. As in the previous exercise, a depth shifting dataset is created in your project. 6. Right-click on the RUN3 dataset and select Apply one depth shift table on the reference. 7. You have the option of not creating a new dataset. If you choose NO, the depth shift table is applied on the dataset reference. The old dataset is retained, but it is renamed MD_original.
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Summary In this module, you learned about: manually and automatically creating a depth shifting window
•
depth shifting a variable
•
depth shifting a dataset.
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•
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Module 10
Variables Splice Tool
Variables Splice Tool
The Variables Splice Tool (VST) splices together continuous curve sections from different datasets in a well into a single curve.
Learning Objectives After completing this module, you will know how to: •
use the Variables Splice Tool
•
make selections in the Properties window
•
create a dataset.
Lesson 1
Datasets in the VST
To access the tool, select Techdata > Variables splice tool, or click
Figure 72
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the Variables Splice Tool icon in the Quick Access toolbar. When the tool launches, the window (Figure 72) opens. Drag-anddrop the datasets into this window to splice.
VST interface
The splice table automatically fills with default values. Techlog creates a table with one line for each output variable and four columns for each input curve: Position
Merging priority
Dataset.variable
Name of the dataset concatenated with the name of the variable.
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Top
Depth used as the top of the interval of interest for this variable. The value entered cannot be above the top of the dataset.
Bottom
Depth used as the bottom of the interval of interest for this variable. The value entered cannot be below the bottom of the dataset.
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Each line provides one output per variable with the same name, family and alias, according to the group type. Modify the group type in the VST Properties window.
Figure 73
Properties window
Figure 74
VST interface filled with data
After you setup the VST table, check these settings in the Properties
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Variables Splice Tool
window. Then click Apply. •
The Apply mode can be set to Display, Save, or Save and Display.
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Variables can be grouped by variables, family or alias name.
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The Splice overlap controls the method that combines the curves – either position or mean. If gaps exist, they are filled by Iinear interpolation, missing values, a constant, or a top or bottom value.
Results can be output to a new dataset with a specified name, or you can overwrite an existing dataset. You can assign a suffix and set controls on the sampling rate and reference unit.
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Figure 75
The Properties window
Click the Apply icon in the log view, or click the Apply button in the lower right corner of the workflow. Then modify the limits of each log and control the output in the resulting log. The group of tracks on the left corresponds to a line in the table. One track is created per variable to be spliced. The last track on the right shows the result of the splice. Refer to Figure 76.
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Figure 76
The layout after clicking Apply
Exercise 1
Creating a Dataset
In Well4, use VST to create a dataset containing all the data coming from RUN1, RUN2, RUN3 and RUN4. To create a dataset: 1. From Techdata, open the VST window and drag-and-drop all RUN* datasets from Well4. 2. In the Properties window, set Type to variables to group variables by variable name and click Apply. A layout displays for each variable with four input tracks and one output track. Notice that between RUN1 and RUN2 there is no gap or overlap, but between the RUN2 and RUN3 there is an overlap. The priority is given to RUN2.
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Note that a gap exists between RUN3 and RUN4.
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3. In the Properties window, choose an appropriate method to fill the gap and click Apply. 4. Set the Apply mode to Save and click Apply. 5. A new merged dataset is created. Notice that the point data variable cannot be spliced. 6. To keep core porosity in the final dataset, in the Project browser drag-and-drop C_PHI data from RUN2 to Merged_Set. The Resampling tool opens automatically because each dataset is defined by the reference depth, top and bottom depths, and sample rate. When moving a variable from one dataset to another, all the data must conform to the new dataset. More information can be found in the Help manual (F1). 7. Click Apply and the point variable will be placed into the final dataset.
Summary In this module, you learned about: •
using the Variable Splice Tool
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using a splice table
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using the Properties window
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creating a dataset.
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Module 11
Project Data Management
Project Data Management
Project Data Management is a collection of tools that help you manage and perform quality control on data.
Prerequisites To successfully complete the lesson and exercises in the module, you must import the following XML files into the project: •
Well1_Harmonization_Exercise.xml
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Well2_Harmonization_Exercise.xml
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Well3_Harmonization_Exercise.xml
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Well4_Harmonization_Exercise.xml
Learning Objectives Schlumberger Private
After completing this module, you will know how to: •
identify inconsistent units and families in the data using the quick data mining tools in Techlog
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use the Data Harmonization tools to rename variables and families, and assign and convert units.
Lesson 1
Project Browser Optimization
The Inventory tools list all the variables present in the Project browser (Figure 77). To refine the inventory and focus on only the data corresponding to this exercise, create a filter on the datasets named Harmonization_Exercise. To create a filter: 1. Select the dataset Harmonization_Exercise in Well1. 2. Right-click and select Create a filter. OR Press Ctrl + J.
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Figure 77
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The Project browser
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Lesson 2
Project Data Management
Issues in the Datasets
Several tools are available that help you identify and correct problems in the data.
The Project Browser The Project browser (Figure 78) can be used to quickly identify variables with missing units and families. •
Variables written in black have a unit and a family assigned to them.
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Variables written in gray are missing a unit or a family.
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Variables written in red are missing a unit and a family.
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Families written in red are not defined in the family database.
The Project browser, however, will not allow you to identify inconsistent units or families. Also, it is not effective when working on a large number of wells or datasets.
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Figure 78
Variables list in the Project browser
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Inventory Tools
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Open the Inventory tools by selecting Techdata > Quick data mining.
Figure 79
The Inventory tools
Variables Inventory To read the variables inventory, choose Variables inventory to display an inventory. There is one line for each variable name. The first variable name CALI, with these properties:
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Is present in the four datasets (Count into the datasets=4)
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Is present in the four wells (Count into the wells=4 and Wells were present = All)
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The minimum value for CALI (within all the wells) is 8.163 in
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The maximum value for CALI (within all the wells) is 15.651 in
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All the variables CALI have the same unit (Count unit=1)
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All the variables CALI have the same family, Caliper (Count family=1 & Family=Caliper)
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The Variables inventory is an efficient tool for identifying non-homogenous names, inconsistent units, and more. The goal is to make sure that each variable: •
is present with the same name in 100 % of the wells
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has a minimum and maximum value consistent with its unit
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has one known unit (Count Unit =1 )
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has one family assigned (Count Family = 1).
Other inventories allow you to focus directly on the items mentioned.
Other Lists and Inventories Other lists and inventories are available that allow you to quickly identify issues such as: •
missing units - variable without unit inventory
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missing families - variables without families inventory
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inconsistent families - families not present in the families database inventory.
Figure 80
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To add lists and inventories as tabs in the Quick data mining window, go to the Properties window and toggle ON the relevant lists and inventories.
The Properties window
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For example, Variables without unit inventory can show a unit issue that you could not easily see in the variable inventory display – variable CKH.
Figure 81
Variables without unit inventory display
Variable CKH in well Well2 has no unit (Count Unknown unit =1 and Wells where present=Well2).
Exercise 1
Identifying Issues in a Dataset
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Using the various lists and variables available in Techlog, identify the units, families and erroneous values present in the dataset named Harmonization_Exercise. These issues will be fixed in Exercise 2. To identify issues in the data: 1. Create a filter on the dataset Harmonization_Exercise in the Project browser. 2. Open the variables inventories from the Techdata menu. 3. Open the Variables without unit inventory as a tab in the Quick data mining window. 4. Open the Variables without families inventory as a tab in the Quick data mining window. 5. In the Variables without unit inventory, notice that: •
The variable CKH in well2 is missing a unit. The unit should be mD.
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The variable RHOB_DH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be g/cc.
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The variables RT and RW have an unknown unit. The unit should be ohm.m.
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The variable TNPH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be v/v.
6. In the Variables without family inventory, notice that:
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MDepth is missing a family. The family should be Measured Depth.
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RHOB_DH_ADN_RT has an unknown family. The family should be Bulk Density.
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7. In the Variables inventory, notice that: The name for the gamma ray variables is not harmonized. In Well1, the gamma ray is named GR_CDR_RAW_RT_backup, while the gamma ray variables are named GR_CDR_RAW_RT in the other wells.
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The gamma ray variables have three units - gAPI, gapi, and µR/h.
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The variables in CPOR do not all have the same family. Some have the family Core Porosity, while others are assigned the family Fast Shear Uncertainty. The second family has not been correctly assigned, and should be set to Core Porosity.
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The variable HAFWL has two units - m and ft. All units should be harmonized to ft.
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According to naming conventions, the variable MDepth should be renamed MD.
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The family should be Measured Depth.
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The unit of the variable MDepth is not consistent with the values of the variable (>8,000 m, while the TVDSS is below 8,200 ft). The unit should be set to ft.
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The variable VSH has values inconsistent with its unit. The unit is v/v, meaning that the values should range between 0 and 1. The erroneous values must be clipped.
Lesson 3
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Data Harmonization
You can perform the harmonization of data - renaming, assigning and converting units, assigning families, and more - in three ways: •
sequentially solving one problem after the other using the Project browser
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automatically using the Inventory tools
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using Data Harmonization tools.
Data Harmonization using the Project Browser In the Properties window (Figure 82), you can manually change properties such as the unit or the family of a variable. Many of the properties have drop-down menus from which to choose, while others require that you enter a value or term.
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Figure 82
The Properties window
Data Harmonization using the Inventory Tool From the Inventory tool you can do basic data manipulation such as renaming a variable or assigning a family. To perform data harmonization using the Inventory tool: 1. Highlight a variable name and click
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2. To assign a family, select a variable name and click
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Data Harmonization using Data Harmonization Tools The Data Harmonization tools are accessed from the Techdata menu.
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Figure 83
Data harmonization menu
The harmonization tools offer these capabilities: Query rename tool
Rename any object or property within your project. Example: A wrong unit is assigned to a variable. The values are supposed to be displayed in percentage but, instead, are displayed in a v/v unit. Rename the unit v/v to %.
Query convert tool
Convert any unit. Example: CALI variables are supposed to be displayed as in but, instead, are displayed as cm. You can convert the variables CALI from cm to in to have harmonized units.
Query delete tool
Delete any object or property. Example: Some variables must be deleted from all the wells.
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Query duplicate tool
Duplicate any object or property.
Query list tool
List any object or property.
Example: Create a backup of your variables before processing them.
Example: Create a list of all the variables in the project named DT. Query data tool
Replace or remove numeric values for any curve. Example: Some values of the variables are erroneous (negative porosity, and so forth, and must be removed.
A series of short scenarios follow that show you the primary ways in which selected tools can be used.
The Query Rename Tool Scenario: Rename the variable MDepth to MD. Schlumberger Private
All variables named MDepth in the dataset Harmonization_Exercise will be renamed to MD. BEST PRACTICE:
Figure 84
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Always click Preview before renaming objects. There is no undo function in Techlog.
Options of the Query Rename tool
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Scenario: Rename the unit of the variable MD from M to ft. The object type is now Variable unit. You must apply a filter on the variable named MD to avoid renaming the unit of other variables. All variables units M in the variable MD in the dataset Harmonization_Exercise will be renamed to ft.
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Figure 85
The Query Rename Tool window
The Query Convert Tool Scenario: The units of the variable GR_CDR_RAW need to be converted to gAPI. All variables named GR_RAW_CDR_RT will be converted to gAPI.
Figure 86
The Query Convert Tool window
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The Query Data Tool Scenario: The erroneous values of the variable VSH must be removed.
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All values of the variable VSH below 0 will be set to -9999.
Figure 87
Exercise 1
The Query Data Tool window
Correcting Data Harmonization Issues
Use the Data Harmonization Query tools to repair data harmonization issues in the following scenarios.
Scenario: The variable CKH in Well2 is missing a unit; the unit should be mD. 1. Open the Query Rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the field After to mD. 4. Set a Well filter to Well2. 5. Set a variable filter to CKH. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: The variable RHOB_DH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be g/cc. 1. Open the Query Rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the field After to g/cc.
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4. Set a variable filter to RHOB_DH_ADN_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: The variables RT and RW have an unknown unit. The unit should be ohm. 1. Open the Query Rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the field Before to OHM_PER_M. 4. Set the field After to ohm.m. 5. Set a variable filter to RT. 6. Click Preview and click Apply. 7. Repeat the same operation for the variables RW.
Scenario: The variable TNPH_ADN_RT is missing a unit. The unit should be per fraction. 1. Open the query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. Schlumberger Private
3. Set the field After to v/v. 4. Set a variable filter to TNPH_ADN_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: MD is missing a family. The family should be Measured Depth. 1. Open the query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the field After to Measured Depth. 4. Set a variable filter to MD. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: RHOB_DH_ADN_RT has an unknown family. The family should be Bulk Density. 1. Open the query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the field Before to Bulk Density LWD. 4. Set the field After to Bulk Density. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
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Scenario: The variables CPOR are assigned to various families. 1. Open the query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the field Before to Fast Shear Uncertainty. 4. Set the field After to Core Porosity. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: The name for the gamma ray variable is not harmonized. 1. Open the query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable name. 3. Set the field Before to GR_RAW_RT_backup. 4. Set the field After to GR_RAW_RT. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
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Scenario: The gamma ray variable has three units – gAPI, gapi, and µR/h. 1. Open the Query Convert tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the Before field to (*). 4. Set the After field to gAPI. 5. Set a variable filter to GR_RAW_RT. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: The variable HAFWL has two units – m and ft. 1. Open the Query Convert tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable unit. 3. Set the Before field to ft. 4. Set the After field to m. 5. Set a variable filter to HAFWL. 6. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: Variable MD has no family. The family should be Measured Depth. 1. Open the Query rename tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable family. 3. Set the After field to Measured Depth.
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4. Set a variable filter to MD. 5. Click Preview and click Apply.
Scenario: The variable VSH has values inconsistent with its unit. 1. Open the Query Data tool. 2. Set the Object type to Variable. 3. Set the Before field to Data1. 8. Click Preview and click Edit.
Summary In this module, you learned about: identifying inconsistent units and families in the data using the quick data mining tools in Techlog
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using the Data Harmonization tools to rename variables and families, and assign and convert units.
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