Introduction to Drilling Fluids Operation

11/20/2009

Global Research & Technology Centre/ GRTC Training Department

Introduction to Drilling Fluids Operation Drilling Fluids Workshop 23th – 26th Nov 2009 Duri - Indonesia

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Topics to cover : How to find oil Drilling Rig Drilling Operation Drilling Fluids Operation

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How to Find Oil Direct Indications o Natural seepages of oil o Outcrops of oil-bearing rocks

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How to Find Oil Geological Methods o To select promising sites for the drilling of exploratory wells o Prepare a ‘ Map ‘ (both surface and sub surface) o Methods : o Gravitational Survey o Magnetic Survey o Seismic Survey

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How to Find Oil (seismic) Using air gun as the source of shock waves Compressed air is more environmen tally friendly than explosives

Receivers to record waves reflected by formation layers

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How to Find Oil (seismic)

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How to Find Oil

Sub-surface map

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How to Find Oil (seismic)

Land operation Using Geophone to receive waves

Offshore operation Using Hydrophone to receive waves

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How to Find Oil

Reservoir Geology/Types Structure trap resulting from faulting

Oil accumulated in a domal structure

OIL

SALT WATER

GAS OIL SALT WATER

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How to Find Oil

Reservoir Geology/Types Oil accumulation in the vicinity of a piercement-type salt dome

Oil accumulation under an unconformity GAS

OIL

SALT

SALT WATER

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What Next ? Well Construction Drilling (making hole) Cementing

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Drilling a Well

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Drilling Rig Is a portable factory that is built to make a hole.

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Rig Type

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Land Rig

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Swamp-Barge Rig

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Off-Shore (Shallow Water)

Jack-Up

Rig

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Jack- up Rig Move rig to location Jack-down the legs Jack-up the hull Start Drilling

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Off-shore Semi Submersible / Platform

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Off-shore (Deep Water) Semi Submersible Rig

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Off-shore (Deep Water) Semi Submersible Rig

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Off-shore (Deep-Water) DrillShip

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Drilling Process

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Drilling

Surface Hole

Drilling out surface hole with 17-1/2” bit The mud brings the cutting up to surface

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Run & Casing

Cement Surface Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Surface Casing ( 13-3/8”) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”)

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Drilling

Intermediate Hole

SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”) Drilling out cement and casing shoe with 12-1/4” bit Drilling out intermediate hole The mud bring the cutting up to surface

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Run & Cement Intermediate Casing SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Intermediate Casing ( 9-5/8”) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8”)

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Drilling

Production Hole SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8”) Drilling out cement and casing shoe with 8-1/2” bit Drilling out production hole The mud brings the cutting up to surface

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Logging

in Production Hole SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8”) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running-In Logging Tools Logging-up the formation

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Run & Casing

Cement Production SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”) INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8”) Pulling Out Of Hole (POOH) the Drilling Assembly Running - In Hole (RIH) the Production Casing ( 7”) Pumping Cement Displacing Cement with Mud Waiting On Cement (WOC) to dry PRODUCTION CASING (7”)

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Well Construction

SURFACE CASING (13-3/8”)

INTERMEDIATE CASING (9-5/8”)

PRODUCTION CASING (7”)

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What Next ? Well Construction Drilling (making hole) Cementing Well Completion (preparing & installing production equipment to produce oil/gas)

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Completion (completing OIL $$ the well) Running – in Completion Assembly

SURFACE CASING

Displacing mud to Completion Fluids (brine) Set the Packer to isolate & divert the oil flow into production tubing

INTERMEDIATE CASING

Perforate the casing ( to let the oil in to the wellbore ) Oil flows into the wellbore

PRODUCTION CASING

Producing Oil SCOMI OILTOOLS

Drilling Fluids

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What is mud

LIQUID WATER OIL

SOLIDS

MUD

BENTONITE/GEL

WATER-BASE MUD

BARITE CHEMICALS SALT

OIL-BASE MUD

DRILL SOLIDS SCOMI OILTOOLS

What is mud

LIQUID PRODUCTS WATER OIL

SOLIDS PRODUCTS

MUD MUD SYSTEM

BENTONITE/GEL

WATER-BASE MUD

BARITE CHEMICALS SALT

OIL-BASE MUD

DRILL SOLIDS SCOMI OILTOOLS

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Mud Component 1. Base fluids 2. pH Control 3. Viscosifier 4. Filtration Control 5. Weighting agent 6. Additional product : Shale Control Additive Corrosion Inhibitor Lubricants Dispersants SCOMI OILTOOLS

How to mix mud

Base Fluids SCOMI OILTOOLS

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How to mix mud (on the rig site)

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How to mix mud (on the rig MUDsite) FROM CHEMICALS

TANK

MUD + CHEMICALS BACK IN TO TANK

MIXING CHEMICALS THROUGH ‘ HOPER ‘ AT RIG SITE SCOMI OILTOOLS

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Scomi Oiltools Products

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MUD PUMP

Where is the mud in Drilling Operation

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TO SHALE SHAKER

FROM MUD TANK

Down-hole mud circulation

BACK TO MUD TANK

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What does the mud do ? TO CLEAN THE HOLE How? By brings the drill cutting up to surface How can the mud bring the cutting? Mud Viscosity

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What if failed? Drill cuttings slipped to bottom Drill cuttings filled up the annulus and bottom of the hole Drill pipes get STUCK !!

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What does the mud do ? TO CONTROL FORMATION PRESSURE How? By provides Hydrostatic Pressure of the fluids column How can the mud give Hydrostatic Pressure Mud Weight SCOMI OILTOOLS

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What if failed ?

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What does the mud do ? Form mud cake as a thin wall to protect formation from mud filtrate invasion

K+

Potassium ion to stabilize the clay

K+

PHPA encapsulates drill cutting to protect it from mud filtrate invasion formation

wellbore

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What should it do with drill cutting To be separated out from the mud How? Using Solid Control Equipments What equipment? • Screen • Hydroclones • Centrifuge

Mud + Drill cutting from hole

screen

Solids to discard

Clean mud to be recycle

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What should it do with drill cutting

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Solid Control Equipments

SHALE SHAKER DESANDER

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DESILTER

CENTRIFUGE

Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on a Rig ?

ON TOP OF THE MUD TANKS Just before the mud coming out from down hole returns to the mud tanks

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Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on the Rig ?

DESILTER

DESANDER

SHALE SHAKER

CENTRIFUGE

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Where do they put the Solid Control Equipments on the Rig ? FROM WELLBORE MUD TREATMENT (ADD CHEMICALS) DESILTER

CENTRIFUGE

DESANDER SHALE SHAKER

MIXING HOPER

OVERFLOW

TANK # 6 SUCTION TANK

TANK # 5 CENTRIFUGE TANK

UNDERFLOW

TANK # 4 DESILTER TANK UNDERFLOW

UNDERFLOW

TANK # 3 DESANDER TANK

TANK # 2 SETTLING TANK

TANK # 1 SAND TRAP TANK

UNDERFLOW

IN TO WELLBORE

MUD PUMP SCOMI OILTOOLS

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Drilling Team PETRONAS OPERATOR CARIGALI

DRILLING SCOMI OILTOOLS FLUIDS

DRILLING CONTRACTOR TRANSOCEAN

MEASURE WHILE DRILLING SCHLUMBERGER

SOLID CONTROL SCOMI OILTOOLS

CASING WEATHERFORD

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING HALLIBURTON

MUD LOGGING GEOSERVICES

WELLHEAD CAMERON

WIRELINE BAKER ATLAS LOGGING

CEMENTING BJ

OTHER SUPPORT

TUBULAR BAKER OILTOOLS

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