Introduction to 5g Ran2.0

Introduction to 5G RAN2.0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Revi Re visi sion on Hi Hist stor ory y Version

Description

Date

Owner  

V1.0

Completed the draft.

2018-05-24

Ji Yanpeng 00174055

V2..0 V2

Based on th the e co com mme men nts co coll lle ect cte ed on June 20 20,, th the e document was revised as follows: 1. Supplemented Supplemented the hardware hardware module information information and license overview. 2. Updated the operation and maintenance information based based on the actual actual plan of the physical products. 3. Added the overview and progress of highfrequency modules and updated the peak rate of two streams. 4. Deleted the high-frequency information that is not closely related to GPI.

2018 20 18-0 -066-22 22

Ji Yan Yanpe peng ng 0017 001740 4055 55

Disclaimer  •

This training document is used only for technical exchanges, and shall not be disclosed to customers.

Terms Acronym

Full Name

NR

New Radio

SA

Standalone

NSA

Non-standalone

NGC

Next Generation Core

NG-RAN eCPRI

NG Radio Access Network Enhance common public radio interface

MM

Massive MIMO

BF

Beamforming

DC

Dual Connectivity

RTU UCNC  AIP

Right to Use (RTU) User Centric No Cell Radio Access  Antenna In Package

Objectives •

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:  Know the basics about 5G RAN2.0.

fr amework.  Understand the 5G RAN2.0 framework.  Have knowledge of the new hardware in 5G RAN2.0.  Understand the key features in 5G RAN2.0.

Version Overview Positioning 1. First small-scale commercial version of 5G: 5G: The first wave 5G m arkets in Korea Korea and China achieve achieve large-sca large-scale le commercial commercial use of over x ten thousands thousands of sites. 2. R15 NSA standards based version: version: based on NSA s tandards (including low/high frequency) and IODT with commercial terminal chips 3. Breakthrough in untapped developed markets: markets: Tier-1 operators such as Korea SKT and Australia Telstra race to seek breakthrough in commercial use. Customer benefits Support Korean and Chinese customers to tak e the lead in comm ercially • deploying 5G on large scale. NSA networking helps customers rapidly deploy 5G at low cost. • • The high frequency basic functions support customers' service testing and catalyze the industry.

Target market Small-scale commercial use: use: LG U+/SKT U+/SKT in Korea & 3 tier-1 operators in China Pre-commercial use: use: DT, VDF, UK BT/EE, 3UK, and • Optus Commercial test: test: Bell/Telus in North America & Australia • Telstra •

Huawei value Launch small-scale commercial sales of 5G products and sell xx million sites in China, Korea, and other markets. Enter the untapped developed markets and expand • business landscape of wireless industry. Optimize the architecture and basic E2E suites, and lay a • solid foundation for large-scale commercial use of 5G. •

Marketability/highlights (Top 5) Planning

Solving Custom Customers' ers' Pain Points & Providi Providing ng Benefits

New/Optimized Sales Item

R15 NS R15 NSA A standards delivery

NSA networking and high-frequency basic functions indicating capability and value of 5G system

Software package based on NSA basic protocols (low frequency + high frequency)

Scale commercial use of 10 thousands of sites in China and Korea

Key hardware, commercial O&M, and compatible terminals support small-scale deployment.

eCPRI RF module, baseband processing board, and RF hardware RTU

Performance and solutions staying ahead

Superb performance dwarfing counterparts and supporting market breakthrough

MM and UL/DL Decoupling

Value Framework 19A 18B Pre-commercial Pre-commercial test xx hundreds of sites (18.X 18.X)  –

 First NSA protocol

version  Basic software architecture  Early basic hardware  Measurable & locatable

Small-scale commercial use in China and Korea xx ten tthousands housands of sites (18.X 19.X)  –

 NSA standard

protocols  Main RF modules  High-frequency

basic functions  License sales and control  Basic O&M

19B First wave of scale commercial use xx hundred thousands of  sites (19.X 20.X)  –

 SA protocol

networking  Main baseband processing board  Commercial terminal experience  5G scenarios and services

NSA Protocol: R15 Standards to Support Commercial Deployment & Terminal Interoperability 19A vs 18B: protocol changes & resulted service impact

Background The 5G protocols are more flexible. The 18B supports only the simplest subset based on the prediction and interoperability interoperabilit y test requirements. The 19A supplements the protocols required for basic commercial use. procedure: Complete the fundamental protocol  Basic procedure: process. improvement: Propose to enhance the  Performance improvement: performance of protocols that other vendors generally support. support: Supplement demonstration  Scenario support: scenarios of basic mobility and UCNC.

Dimension

Flexible configuration of frame format and slot format

Process supplementation PUSCH UCI CAS



Key reliance 



Dependent on the progress of 3GPP protocols; some topics (such as 38.331 protocol details and the UE capability reporting mechanism mechanism need to be further clarified by 3GPP. Note: The current version is based on the protocols released in March 18th.

Specific Impact

Support BWP mechanism, The BWP mechanism has to realize basic functions specified and the UE bandwidth less by R15. It was simplified in the 18B version, but needs t o be than the cell bandwidth. improved in 19A based on the 3GPP protocols.

Scenarios and benefits Ensure that the 19A complies with the 3GPP R15 specifications.  Ensure that 19A is competitive in the market.

Protocol Change

Performance improvement Coverage enhancement Capacity expansion

The UE-specific frame format is supported to meet the test demands of diverse frame configurations at different sites. The 18B is based based on simplified simplified protocol protocols, s, which were were different different from the standards. 19A is fully compliant with the protocols and features enhanced UL UCI coverage.

Update of 331 protocol

Update IEs over air interface, RRC procedures, procedures, etc. based on the 38.331 38.331 protocol protocol released released in March. March.

Complete protocol details

Realize PRACH format, PDCCH PDCCH configuration, channel generation formula, etc. according to protocols. protocols.

PDCC PDCCH H inte interw rwea eavi ving ng

Enha Enhanc nce e cov cover erag age e cap capab abili ility ty of PDCC PDCCH. H.

PUCCH short format (format 0/1/4)

Support 1/2 bit PUCCH, SR, etc. to improve the capacity of multi-user scenarios.

HARQ dynamic dynamic codebook codebook

Improve Improve the demodulati demodulation on performance performance of the PUCCH PUCCH..

Multiple additional DMRS Scenario support in the UL/DL Mobility support Beam management process

The 19A protocol supports a maximum of 3 additional DMRS, which affects the support for high-speed movement and needs to be supplemented and improved. 18B only supports 1 additional DMRS. Support beam measurement, reporting, and recovery in mobile scenarios.

Hardware Overview: Products Customized for Identified Markets in China, Korea, Europe Requirements for Platform Technology are Uncertain. 18B

19A

AAU5612 • •

C-band

• •

B42, 64TRX 100 100 MHz/2 MHz/200 00 W CPRI 40kg

AAU5310i

AAU5611 • • •

TR5

•

4.9 GHz, GHz, 64TRX 100 100 MHz/1 MHz/160W 60W CPRI 40kg

• • •

AAU5612 • • • •

B43, 64TRX 100MHz/20 100MHz/200 0W CPRI 40kg

•

TR4A

•

TR5

• •

B42/B43 B42/B43,, 100 MHz 8TRX, 8TRX, 8 x 30/35 30/35 W CPRI 25kg TR5 (2018.9) (2018.9)

• • • •

B43, B43, 200 MHz 32TRX, 32TRX, 200 200 W eCPRI TR5 (2018.10) (2018.10) 30kg

HAAU5213 28G AIP 4TRX: 800 800 MHz MHz •4TRX: •eCPRI •25kg TR5 (2018.9) (2018.9)

•

High Frequency

•

Sub-3 GHz (Customized software)

BBU

Terminal

• • •

• • •

B42/B43, B42/B43, 200 MHz 64TRX, 64TRX, 200 200 W eCPRI 40/45 40/ 45 kg TR5 (2018.7) (2018.7)

• • • •

4.9 4.9 GHz, GHz, 200 200 MHz MHz 64TRX, 64TRX, 200 W eCPRI TR5 (2018.9) (2018.9) 40/45 40/ 45 kg

HAAU5112c

HAAU5213 26G AIP 4TRX: 800MHz •4TRX: •eCPRI •25kg TR4A (2018.8) (2018.8)

•

28G AIP 2TRX: 2TRX: 800 800 MHz MHz •CPRI •12kg TR4A (2018.10) (2018.10)

• •

Inventory module software supporting UL/DL Decoupling: FDD 700 MHz FDD 800 MHz FDD 1800 MHz

BBU5900 UMPTe UBBPfw1 (full-width) 64TRX • IPsec IPsec 15 Gbps Gbps (1500B (1500B)) • 3 x 100 MHz 64TRX (sharing 24 streams) + 3 x 4R • 9 x 100MHz 64TRX 4TRX • Non-IPsec20 Gbps • 9 x 100MHz 4TRX • 3 x 800 MHz 4TRX 4 streams (1500B) • eCPRI/CPRI TUE • Volume: 22 L • Supported frequency bands: 700 MHz/800 MHz/1.8 GHz/ 2.6 GHz/3.5 GHz/3.5 GHz/3. GHz/3.7 7 GHz/4. GHz/4.9 9 GHz/28 GHz/28 GHz/39 GHz/39 GHz

•

AAU5612

AAU5313

RRU5258 •

AAU5613

B42, B42, 100 100 MHz MHz 32TRX, 32TRX, 100 100 W TR5 (8H4V: 2018.7) eCPRI Nearly 20 kg (16H2V: 2018.10)

UBBPfw2 (full-width) 6 x 100 MHz 64TRX (sharing 24 streams) • 3 x 800 MHz 4TRX 4 streams • eCPRI/CPRI •

TUE: new AAU • 1 GHz+bandwidth & 4TRX • EIRP improvement • 1.0 & 2.0 platforms

CPE1.1 • Low frequency all-in-one machine: 3.8 L, 120 W, approx.3 kg • Specifications of high-frequency machine to be determined

License Overview: Hardware RTU & Software License 5G License Hardware RTU Number of streams

RRC • •

 ABW

Low band mmWave

Bandwidth • •

•

Multiband

Channel • •

 Addition

Low band mmWave

Software License

MM bandwidth Non-MM bandwidth Sub-3 GHz

Power  • •

Optional features

RE

MM module Non-MM module

Multi-RAT • •

RF Baseband

Variation (bandwidth, power, and multi-Tx)





•

MU-MIMO basic pairing (per cell)

•

SU-MIMO multiple layers (per cell)

•

DL 256QAM (per cell)

•

Intra-band CA (per cell)

•

Transmission network detection and reliability

improvement (per gNodeB) Inheritance

RE sales unit: The three 5G services consume more hardware resources than LTE services. Therefore, independent pricing is required. Sub-3 GHz variable bandwidth & MM bandwidth sales unit: The bandwidth difference between the 5G high frequency band, C-band, and sub-3 GHz is too large so that independent pricing is required. MM stream sales unit: MM is initially priced low to reduce customers' network construction cost at the early stage. In subsequent days, profit will be made because of the growing number of streams.

•

Network synchronization (per gNodeB)

•

IPsec (per gNodeB) Software license: objectives & background

Hardware RTU: objectives & background 

gNodeB basic software

  

Build a healthy profit model for 5G software since Day 1. Draw experience from LTE feature packaging: Focus on the valuable features that customers pay attention to, such as MM, HOM, and CA. Avoid flaws in previous wireless product packaging from recurring:The recurring:The feature package is of small granularity. granularity. The gains and benefits for customers are not obvious. O&M cost is high.

Note: This document is only a general description. description. For the most accurate license policies, policies, please refer to the specificatio specifications ns provided by MOs.

O&M Overview:

Supplement the O&M Capabilities Required for 5G Batch Delivery by Referring to LTE Counterparts & Remove Pain Points of the Past Planning

  w   o    l    f   s   e   c   e   i   v   v   r    i    t   e   c   s   e    j    E    b   2   o   E    f    M    &  o    O  s   r   m   o  r    j   e   a   t   n   m    i    3   y    i   e   t   z   c    i    l   a   a   p   e   a    R  c    d    l    i   u    B

Low-cost delivery at frontline (1->N)

Deployment

WSD WINS U-NET

Network deployment and maintenance

Maintenance

WDT

The WSD is interconnected with the CME to support efficient configuration of 5G evolution data.

Alarm management Inventory management Customized for China & Korea

Quick fault locating by back offices

Service monitoring

Fault locating U2020

U2020 Performance management

mAOS Support geographic display of capacity.

Online FMA

Tracing management

Intelligent alarm combination Automatic auxiliary fault recovery Rapid fault recovery confirmation

Foundation building

Data collection/analysis

Fault locating

Internal CHRs

NIC

NSA 4/5G joint user tracing

External CHRs

Offline FMA

Traffic statistics

Note:

P&A

OMStar-E Remote site deployment

U2020

Efficient O&M by customers

optimization

Already supported in 18B

Real-time performance monitoring

Interf Interfac ace e tracin tracing g

Enhanced in 19A

Added in 19A

User tracing

Cell Cell tracin tracing g

Low-Cost Delivery at Frontline Efficient configuration configuration data preparation for 5G evolution Objectives: Interconnect WSD and CME. Use GUI and batch delivery mode of base station configuratio configuration n where resources can be verified in real time. The aim is is to efficiently implement site reconstruction and generate configuration data in 5G evolution scenarios. Step 1: Design base station site at the wireless site design (WSD) cloud platform.

Step 3: The CME uses the BTS configuration (equipment parameter) from WSD. The wireless and transmission planning parameters are imported to quickly generate base station configuration scripts.

Input IP address of the CME cloud server according to actual circumstances. Step 2: Input live network data into WSD, and then export the information of 6 categories: material, LLD, current site information, BOQ configuration, BTS configuration, configuration, and CCM-DC data. Format: Extension center + extended app@project

Planning table

Efficient O&M by Customers Intelligent alarm combination Objective: The accuracy of correlation rules reaches 95%. 1.Intelligent alarms are combined to reduce northbound manual analysis workload. 2.Alarm correlation rules are automatically generated to greatly simplify the analysis process. Work order automatically dispatched  Alarm associated group 1  Alarm 1(Root alarm 1)

 Alarm 4

 Alarm associated group 2  Alarm 3(Root alarm 3)

 Alarm 6

 Alarm j

 Alarm associated group n  Alarm 5(Root alarm 5)

 Alarm 8

 Alarm k

 Alarm i

easyGet: precisely obtain software packages Objective: Improve the speed and accuracy of obtaining software packages. 1.Targeted search for software compatible with scenarios 2.Batch application at one click 3.Batch download at one click Integrate with Support website to establish easyGet system.

Work order manually dispatched

Geographic display of network performance Objective: Display network capacity directly and visually. 1.Help customers identify network status and bottlenecks. 2.Enhance the competitiveness of 5G products.

Evalua Eva luate te cap capaci acity ty to det detect ect bot bottle tlenec necks. ks.  Analyze the number of 5G network users and serv servic ice e traf traffi fic c stat statis isti tics cs to exam examin ine e the the traf traffi fic c absorption absorption performanc performance e in hotspots. hotspots.

 Alarm monitoring(U2020 Client)

Definition of capacity KPI & threshold

Overview of capacity use

Comprehensive analysis of bottlenecks in capcity

 Alarm list

Panel demonstration

Intelligentalarm correlation

 Alarm correlation digging

 Alarm correaltion processing

Based on the version package and scenario relationship modeling, modeling, the HQ R&D department releases the version configuration once. once.

Capacity trend

 Association rules

 Alarm

Capacity map

Quick Fault Locating by Back offices Improve O&M capabilities of commercial services Objective: Quickly identify problems in scale commercial use

DFT overview Traffic statistics

Calculate KPI

Scope of data (from narrow to wide) EBC/alarm Products automatically record data used as main data resources for network commercial use

Enhance NSA 4/5G common user tracing Objective: 4/5G user signaling and monitoring are initiated simultaneously and displayed in a unified manner. In the NSA networking, the 4G&5G user tracing can be conducted together. The O&M personnel can directly view the tracing results displayed on the statistics interface, thereby the fault locating efficiency is improved. 19A enables users to automatically obtain neighboring 5G NEs once they select 4G NEs. This simplifies the startup operation which used to require the simultaneous selection of 4/5G NEs.

External CHR

MR

Internal CHR

Manaully initiate tracing

Trace (LMT tracing, CDT, TTI tracing, and road test data) Depth of data (from shallow to deep)

Utilized by developers

Product log (Debug log, RRU, baseband, etc.)

Traffic statistics: compatible with NSA

 Add UEID entry in Basic Basic Settings, and input UEID type, PLMN, and Trace ID.

Figure:4G& 5Gdisplayedtogether 

NE selection list appears after clicking this button. *Same operation for Select gNodeBs Figure:4G& e :4G& 5Gdisplayedtogether 

CHR: Trim CHR data volume volume by switching switching to AVRO AVRO,, optimize optimize flow flow control mechanism, detect abnormal signaling procedure, and mat ch NSA. Tracing optimization: Report abnormal tracing and support compression and reporting. Online monitoring: online monitoring of beam-level interference

Table:4G& e :4G& 5Gdisplayedonseparatetabs

Table:4G &5G displayedseparately,separated by TAB

High Frequency: Achieving Achieving Basic Functions & Specifications Stipulated by Protocols Huawei's High-Frequency Products are Leading in Customer Tests. Complement frequency functions & antenna architectures

Background   

Complement high/low frequency functions specified by protocols. Complement hardware architectures regarding high/low frequency band. Secure the first place in the customers' testing with respect to high-frequency products' competitiveness.

Scenarios and benefits 

Secure the first place in the testing conducted in North America and Korea.

preparing high frequency commercial technologies.   Assist operators in preparing

Specifications of high frequency streams Category

Terminal

Direction

Number of Streams

TUE (4 x 200 200 MHz) MHz) Single-user peak TUE rate TUE (4 x 200 MHz) 800 80 0 MH MHz z 4T 4T4R 4R @eCPRI Cell peak Rate (2 TUE (4 x 200 MHz) users) TUE (4 x 200 MHz)

DL

4

UL

2

DL

4

UL

4

TUE (4 x 200 MHz)

DL

2

TUE (4 x 200 MHz)

UL

2

800 MH 800 MHz z 2T 2T2R 2R Cell peak Rate (single user) @CPRI

Protocol & Architecture Difference

High Frequency

Low Frequency

Frame structure/subcarrier 

Larger subcarrier (120 kHz) and the corresponding frame structure

30 kHz kHz

Antenna architecture

High frequen frequency cy HBF (AIP) (AIP) archite architecture cture

Traditional Traditional DBF DBF architect architecture ure

CC bandwidth

100 MHz and 200 MHz

40 MHz, 60 MHz, 80 MHz, and 100 MHz

CA

200 200 MHz MHz x 4CC 4CC and and 100 100 MHz MHz x 4CC 4CC

100 100 MHz MHz x 2CC 2CC

Overview & progress of high-frequency modules

28 GHz eCPRI

26 GHz eCPRI

Note: 1. The hardware hardware of the module supporting supporting 1 GHz is ready ready in 19A. The correspondin corresponding g software will be ready in 19B. 2. A single sector sector of 800 MHz MHz bandwidth bandwidth supports only 4 x 200 MHz MHz and does does not support 8 x 100 MHz. 3. The peak baseline baseline information information can can be obtained from the KPI review review committe committee. e.

End of Sept.

End of Oct.

Module TR5

Product TR5

End of Jul.

End of Sept.

Module TR4A

Product TR4A End of Aug.

28 GHz PICO CPRI

Module TR4A

Module TR5

End of Oct. Product TR4A

RAN Feature Overview Category

Feature ID

Description

3GPP R15 FBFD-010001 Standards Compliance MIMO Basic FBFD-010003 Package FBFD FBFD-0 -010 1000 007 7

Basic

FBFD-010010

Power Control

Chip Roadmap

Maturity Assessment

IR NO.

IR Name

E

Supp Suppor ortt CPE, CPE, TUE, TUE, and and com comme merc rcia iall chi chips ps

Init Initia iall use use assu assura ranc nce e IREQ IREQ02 0211 1192 9242 42

Supp Suppor ortt 3GPP 3GPP R15 R15 Phas Phase e2

E

Supp Suppor ortt CPE, CPE, TUE TUE,, and and comm commer erci cial al chip chips s

Init Initia iall use use assu assura ranc nce e IREQ IREQ02 0212 1274 7424 24

PDSCH open-loop/semi-open-loop transmission

E

Supp Suppor ortt CPE CPE,, TUE, TUE, and and com comme merc rcia iall chip chips s

Init Initia iall use use assu assura ranc nce e IREQ IREQ02 0211 1192 9233 33

Support the UE bandwidth less than that on the base station side

Suppor Supportt CPE, CPE, TUE, TUE, and commer commercia ciall chip chips s

Initial Initial use assura assurance nce IREQ02 IREQ02119 119211 211

DMRS DMRS and and data data power power adap adaptat tation ion

Suppor Supportt CPE, CPE, TUE, TUE, and and commer commercia ciall chips chips

Initial Initial use assura assurance nce IREQ02 IREQ02119 119228 228

DL power power aggreg aggregati ation on in in CC CC

Suppor Supportt CPE, CPE, TUE, TUE, and and commer commercia ciall chips chips

Initial Initial use assura assurance nce IREQ02 IREQ02119 119231 231

PDCCH PDCCH power power contro controll

E

FBFD-010011

Scheduling

E

IREQ IREQ02 0211 1192 9210 10 The 19A CPE does not support discontinuous frequency selection. The TUE Initial use assurance IREQ02119219 can verify the algorithm function.

FBFD-020101

Reliability

N

N/A

Recommended for commercial use

IREQ02 IRE Q02119 119256 256

5G ser servic vice e rel reliab iabili ility ty

FBFD-020102

Radio QoS Management

N

N/A

Recommended for commercial use

IREQ02 IRE Q02119 119244 244

QoS and loa load d mana managem gement ent

FOFD-010020

SU-MIMO Multiple Layers

E

Supp Suppor ortt CPE CPE,, TUE, TUE, and and com comme merc rcia iall chip chips s

Init Initial ial use use assu assura ranc nce e IREQ IREQ02 0211 1192 9227 27

SU CSI CSI mea measu sure reme ment nt optim optimiz izat atio ion n

FOFD-020205 Intra-band CA

N

The 19A CPE does not support. The TUE supports the function test.

Initial Ini tial use ass assura urance nce IRE IREQ02 Q02164 164226 226

Intra-s Intr a-syst ystem em CA (N (NR) R)

FOFD-010205

E

Support CPE, TUE, and commercial use

Trail

Optional

SRAN Key

Scal Scalab able le Band Bandwi widt dth h

RAN2.0 status

UL/DL Decoupling

IR-SRAN15.0CLOUDAIR-01

IBLER IBLER ada adapt ptat atio ion n TDD Non-MM Non-MM UL discontinuous frequency selective scheduling

NR UL/DL Decoupling

Note: This document is only a general description. For For the most accurate packaging strategy and the feature delivery strategy of the 19A, please refer to the specifications provided by MO.

PDSCH Open-Loop/Semi-Open-Loop Transmission Application scenario: •

Solution:

Scenarios where SRS and PMI are not enabled, such as high speed mobility scenarios

•

Background: •

In high-speed scenarios, the SRS function is disabled, and PMI feedback may not be timely. Failure to keep up with channel changes can result in performance deterioration.

•

Customer benefits: •

Open loop solution  Adopt two-level weighting solu tion (DFT static+PMI codebook) to poll multiple PMI codebooks. Fading is randomized and not dependent on the PMI feedback.

•

DL throughput of a single UE improved by 5% –8%

Semi-open loop solution • Reserve UE reported codebook W1 that reflects long-term wideband characteristics and conduct polling query into W2 that reflects subband phase.

Feature sales mode: •

Commercial use

Restrictions: •

In low-speed scenarios, this solution brings minor gains compared to the 18B open loop solution. Considering that the two-level weighted baseband is more costly, it is advised to retain the original 18B open-loop solution.

Conduct Conduct codebook polling polling and randomize fading to reduce deep fading probability.

Capacity gains: •

In high-speed mobility scenarios (for example, 60 km/h), the average throughput of a single UE increases by 5%+.

DL throughput of a single UE improved by 5%+

Bandwidth Supported by UEs Can be Less Than That Supported by Base Stations Application scenario: •

• • •

Solution

The 3GPP stipulates that the bandwidth supported by UEs can be less than that supported by base stations so that 5G networks can be accessible to low-cost terminals. C-band UEs must support: 40/60/80/100 MHz High-frequency UEs must support: 100/200 MHz LTE refarming band (below 3 GHz) UEs must support: 10/15/20 MHz

Customer benefits: •

1. UE in initial access: The UE searches for the SS block, finds the corresponding BWP, and then initiates the access. 2. UE in RRC connected mode: Based on the bandwidth supported by the UE (might be less than that on the base station side), allocate suitable BWP to the UE.

 Allow the UEs which support smaller bandwidth than base stations to have access to In ternet services.

Feature sales mode: •

Commercial use

Restrictions: •

19A: Only one BWP is configured for the UE in the cell.

Terminal: •

5G standards based commercial terminals supporting various bandwidths

Support low-cost UEs to connect to netw orks with large bandwidth

DMRS and Data Power Adaptation Solution Application scenario: •

Solution:

User located at the cell edge with lower-order modulation

• •

Background: •

PDSCH DMRS and PDSCH RE use the same symbols by default. However, when users are at the cell edge, they will user different symbols. Under this circumstance, some PDSCH REs are lost while the DMRS demodulation capability is enhanced, and the cell edge user rate can be improved.

The DMRS and data are transmitted via the same symbols by default. When DMRS and data power adaptation solution takes effect: 1. Near the center: DMRS DMRS and data transmitted transmitted over over the same symbols 2. At the edge (Rank/MCS (Rank/MCS lower lower than the threshold): DMRS DMRS and data are transmitted via diff erent symbols.

No data sending

Customer benefits: •

DL throughput of a single UE improved by 5% –10%

•

Commercial use

Restrictions: •

None

Different symbols

Same symbols

Feature sales mode:

DMRS TYPE1: The DMRS DMRS transmit power increases by 3 dB when DMRS and data start to use d ifferent symbols.

Capacit Cap acity y gai gains: ns: •

Gains improved by 5% –10% in the case of lower-order modulation (QPSK)

DL throughput of a single UE improved by 5% 10%  –

DL Power Aggre Aggregatio gation n in CC Application scenario: •

•

Solution:

Scenario 1: In the scenario of wide coverage (suburban or ultra-wide coverage) or deep coverage (outdoor-toindoor coverage), RBs are reduced to increase power for low-order modulation users. Scenario 2: When the access bandwidth capability is limited or the RB resources in the cell are redundant, the power in the CC is aggregated to maximize the power usage and improve cell coverage.

•

•

P sd sd =a =a

Background: •

B G

Network coverage is insufficient when UEs are far from the cell center/ at the cell edge.

  s    B    R    d   e    l   u    d   e    h   c   s   n   u

  s    B    R    d   e    l   u    d   e    h   c   s

  s    B    R    d   e    l   u    d   e    h   c   s

R B

R

Boost ultra-wide and in-depth coverage. Commercial use

Restrictions: •

  s    B    R    d   e    l   u    d   e    h   c   s   n   u

G

Feature sales mode: •

P sd sd =2 =2 *a *a

R

Customer benefits: •

Redu Re duce ce RB RBs s to inc increa rease se pow power er:: For For lowlow-or orde derr modu modula lati tion on UEs UEs with ith limi limite ted d powe power, r, a larg larger er TB size size can can be selec selected ted to incr increas ease e the exper experie ienc nced ed data data rate. rate. Use Us e th the e id idle le po powe wer: r: The The rema remain inin ing g powe powerr of the the unsc unsche hedu dule led d RBs RBs in the the cell ell is aggr aggreg egat ated ed to the the sche schedu dule led d RBs to impr impro ove UEs UEs' SIN SINR, the thereby reby impro improvi ving ng the MCS MCS and edge edge cove coverag rage. e.

Power  R

B

B

G

G

R

R

B

B

G

G

Reduce RBs

The solution of reducing RBs to increase power relies on the definition of the TBs in the protocols.

Power 

Use idle power 

Capacit Cap acity y gai gains: ns: •

The maximum gains obtained by proactively reducing RBs is 9% (1 dB improvement).

DL throughput of a single UE moving on the road improved by 5%+.

PDCCH Power Control Application scenario: •

• •

When UEs at the cell edge cannot ensure the PDCCH demodulation performance, the PDCCH power can be increased to ensure correct demodulation. Remote areas: UEs move to the cell edge. Dense urban areas: In-depth weak coverage exists.

Solution:  For UEs in cells with poor coverage (aggregation level 8 or 16), the transmit power of the PDCCH is dynamically adjusted based on the PDCCH BLER. • When the PDCCH BLER is higher than the target BLER, the PDCCH transmit power of the UE increases by 3 dB (max.) to improve the PDCCH coverage.

Customer benefits: •

For UEs under the weak edge coverage, the demodulation performance of DL control channels can improve by approx. 1 dB on average.

Feature sales mode: •

PDCCH

Commercial use

Coverage

UE

Power increase •

When the PDCCH BLER is lower than the t arget BLER, the PDCCH transmit power of the UE falls back t o the initial value, reducing the power resource consumption.

Restrictions: •

None

Terminal: •

TUE TUE & CPE CPE

PDCCH UE Power back-off 

The PDCCH coverage of UEs in weak coverage areas increases by approx. 1 dB on average.

Target IBLER Adaptation Application scenario: •

The UE moves at a high speed or is located near the cell center or at the cell edge.

Solution:  Measure the average value and fluctuation of t he SE and periodically adjust the target value of the IBLER. The IBLER target values corresponding to different SE average values and fluctuation are as follows. SINR fluctuation

Customer benefits: •

In the field network tests, the IBLER can be adapted to 5% at the

30%

10%

1 0%

cell center and 30% at the cell edge. The average capacity gain is about 5%.

10%

10%

1 0%

10%

10%

5%

MCSLow

HighIblerThld

LowIblerThld Average SINR

MCSHigh

Principles:  If the gains in spectral efficiency increase is greater than the loss caused by the increase of IBLER (the condition is as follows), a higher IBLER target value is recommended.

Feature sales mode: •

None

Restrictions: •

NA

Terminal: •

Demodulation threshold-1T8R-AWGN&ETU30

EFF gains of MCS compared to that of its counterpart in higher order 

TUE/CPE

50% 0%      n        i      a       G

1

4

7

1 0 1 3 16 19 19 22 22 25 25 28 28

      R       E       L       B -5       I

100% 0%

MCS15AWGN 0

SINR MCS Index

Figure 1: Modulation and coding efficiency gains of each MCS compared to its counterpart in the higher order 

Increase the UL and DL capacity by 5%.

5 MCS16AWGN

Figure 2 IBLER changes when the MCS increases in different demodulation curves

TDD Non-MM UL Discontinuous Frequency Selective Scheduling Application scenario: •

Frequency bands are fragmented.

Solution: •

UL band

Customer benefits: •

Increase the peak throughput and the t hroughput of commercial UEs.

Feature sales mode: •

Commercial

UEs in the UL CP-OFDM waveform are allocated PRB PRB resources in a discrete discrete manner based on the RBG granularity. Continuous resource allocation Non-continuous resource allocation

UL peak scenari scenario o PRACH (starting from the 112nd RB; 5 ms as a • period): When discontinuous scheduling is enabled, a • single UE in RACH subframes can use 256 RBs. When discontinuous scheduling is not supported, • a single UE in RACH subframes can use 144 RBs. Peak gains of discontinuous scheduling = (256 + • 272)/(144 272)/(144 + 272) - 1 = 27% eMBB commercial scenarios (hybrid of large and small packets) Small-packet UEs and CEUs are scheduled • first to obtain frequency selective gains. Large-packet UEs are scheduled later to UL band • benefit from the use of fragmented bands. Small packages/ remote users  Average throughput of simulation users Large-package • users (continuous) improved by 5% –10% Small-package users

UL band

Continuous resource allocation

Non-continuous resource allocation

Restrictions: •

NA

Capacit Cap acity y gai gains: ns: •

(non-continuous)

Peak throughput increases by 20% and the throughput of commercial users increases by 5% – 10%.

The peak throughput increases by 20% and the throughput of commercial users increases by 5% 10%.  –

Reliability Application scenario:

•

•

Cell services are abnormal. Service overload/congestion occurs on the device. Base station is out of control.

• • •

Flow control

Customer benefits: •

Improve the reliability and competitiveness of operators' wireless networks.

•

Feature sales mode: Commercial use

•

Solution: •

•

Cell outage detection solution • Mainly used to monitor and detect the cell outage status Cell outage detection: based on alarms and KPIs

3. The OSS receives the fault, directly identifying a cell as an outage cell

OSS

generate

cell1

…

…

cell2

…

…

2. The gNodeB reports the fault to OSS.

1. The gNodeB detects cell unavailable unavailable faults or abnormal KPIs.

Control plane: plane: Flow control is performed based on the initial messages over the X2 interface between the eNodeB and the gNodeB. User plane: plane: When the CPU load load threshold at the RLC layer or MAC layer exceeds the flow control threshold, the number of scheduled users and traffic in the cell are reduced.

Base station always online solution •

 After the OM channel is continuously interrupted, if the trigger conditions are met, the OMCH can be remotely recovered by enabling functions such as the automatic version rollback, automatic configuration data rollback, and transmission link fault rectification, and automatic OM channel establishment. This helps avoid onsite handling.

gNodeB

Reliability basic requirements

Data flow on CP Data flow on UP

QoS and Load Mana Managem gement ent Application scenario: •

Solution:

Operators can deploy a range of services with diversified diversified QoS levels on the network. network.

AR/VR: QCI 8 Low latency latency ( < 2 0 m s) s) Rate (100Mbps (100Mbps))

Customer benefits: •

•

QoS management has services carried on proper radio bearers to ensure the QoS for diversified users. In addition, radio QoS management provides services that match user requirements and ensures differentiation and fairness among multiple users.

Auto-drive: QCI 75 Low latency atency (< 1 0 m s) s) Rate (20Mbps (20Mbps))

WTTx: QCI 7 Low latency latency (< 30 300ms 0ms)) Rate (100Mbps (100Mbps))

Smartphone: QCI 9 Low latency (< 30 300ms 0ms)) Rate (50 (50 Mbps Mbps))

Feature sales mode: •

Commercial use

Restrictions: •

None

Terminal: •

QoS basic functions functions do not need to be supported by terminals.

e.g. QCI 75 bearer with highest scheduling priority and shortest latency can enable delay critical services. QCI 1 bearer with short latency (only second to QCI75) can enable voice services. QCI 9 bearer can enable services insensitive to latency, such as FTP download. Capacit Cap acity y gain gains: s: Provide services that meet various requirements with limited resources.

Provide diversified services that match user requirements & ensure differentiation and fairness among multiple users.

SU CSI Measurement Optimization Optimization Application scenario: •

NLOS scenarios with few active users

Technical principle: •

Background: •

Environment with various multipaths

Customer benefits: •

In multipath environment, dynamic weighting can make full use of the environment to obtain array gain. For SRS users, the SRS weighting is used to perform weighted transmission and CSI measurement for CRI-RS. It can ensure the characteristics of the measurement channels and data transmission channels are consistent, thereby improving the accuracy of CQI/RI measurement.

Increased single-user throughput

Data transmission beam

Measurement beam

Feature sales mode: •

Commercial feature

Baseline solution

Optimization solution

Restrictions: •

N/A

Mismatch

Match

Gain scenario: Capacit Cap acity y gai gains: ns: •

In NLOS and high rank scenarios, the throughput of a single UE moving at low speed can improve by 15%.

In NLOS and high rank scenarios, the throughput of a single UE moving at low speed can improve by 15%.

Intra-band CA Application scenario: CA users can use remaining RBs from multiple CCs in areas with overlapped coverage from multiple CCs. • The edge user rate is provided for CEUs to improve the edge coverage. •

Solution: In the overlapped coverage areas of m ultiple carriers, available frequency resources of multiple carriers are used to provide CA UEs with larger bandwidth and higher rate experience. Currently, the RAN2.0 supports intra-band continuous CA and non-continuous CA.

Throughput Intra-band carrier 

CA ON

Continuouscarrier 

Non-continuous

CA OFF

carrier 

Inter-band carrier 

Band A Band B

Customer benefits: • In the NR system, t he CA feature supports a maximum of 2 CCs on lowfrequency band and a maximum of 4 CCs on high-frequency band. This increases the DL peak throughput of a single UE. The CA peak peak throughput is equal to the sum of the single-carrier throughput. Feature sales mode: • To support the commercial feature, the cell-level Intra-band CA license is added. Restrictions: • Only applicable to intra-site scenarios Terminal: • TUE

Chan Ch ange ge of CA st stat atus us::

The coverage area of the SCell is extended by 35%, increasing the throughput of CEUs.

UL/DL Decoupling Feature Application scenario: •

Poor UL weak coverage when C-band is used

Solution: •

Background: •

DL coverage coverage is better than UL coverage coverage on C-band due to large DL transmit power power of the gNodeB and and disproportion disproportion in UL and DL timeslot allocations allocations of NR.

SUL carriers carriers are introduced. introduced. UEs with limited limited UL on C-band use SUL to perform UL data services. Use sub-3 GHz (such as 1.8 GHz) for UL and 3.5 GHz for DL. This supports enhanced UL coverage and co-site deployment. 5G NR

Customer benefits: •

UL coverage coverage improved improved

Feature sales mode: •

Trial

Restrictions: • •

NUL and SUL (1 : 1) are deployed on the same site. The UL spectrum resources are shared by LTE and NR, thereby the feature is dependent on the L-NR UL spectrum sharing feature.

Capaci Cap acity ty gai gains: ns: •

Improve the UL coverage by 6 –10 dB.

Improve the UL coverage by 6 10 dB.  –

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