Introducción Al Quijote. E. C. Riley. Ed. Crítica
February 20, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Uõmd uk ecrvnktostn `c mn cru`oeoõk y pcrspoeneon `c C`wnr` E. Xomcy pd`án rcnmoznr ukn sáktcsos emnrn, rojurdsn y îjom `c td`d md quc snhcads necren `cm emîsoed nhsdmutd `c mns mctrns cspnþdmns. @cs`c su cxtrndr`oknrod edkdeoaocktd `cm tocapd y mn dhrn `c E crvnktcs, crvnk tcs, cm cm prdlcsd prd lcsd r Xomcy Xomcy sot÷n nm ^uogdtc ck mn mn hodjrnlán `cm nu tdr y ck ck mn sdeoc`n ` `c su ïp den, md cxna okn n mn mn muz muz `c mn mn tcdr án y mn mn prr î e t o e n ` c mn k d v c mn ` c m U ojmd p oj md ` c D r d y mm mmcc v n n e n h d u k n k î mo moss os motcrnrod mot crnrod `c sokjumnr loku loku rn y prdluk` o`n`9 sdk luk `na cktnmcs nm nm rcspcetd mns mns pîjokns sdhrc mn cstru etu rn `c mn mn Vroa crn y mn mn Ucjuk`n pnn r tc s , cm r c tr n t d ` c mds p md s p c r s d k n gc s , cm p u k t d ` c v os ostn tn k n r r n to tov vd d cm sckto`d ÷mtoad `c mn dhrn. Mn ok oktr trd d ` u e e oõ oõk k nm «^ «^uo uogd gdtc tc¹ ¹ cs uk vdmuack quc bn anren`d ïpden y quc rcsumtn tnk ÷tom pnrn cm cstu`odsd eda d pnrn cm cstu`onktc y cm mcetdr jckcrnm jckcrnm..
C@Z NX@ E. XO XOMC MC_ _ (>?8 5), prdlcsdr ca ïrotd `c mn Skovcrso`n` `c C`oahurjd y ukd `c mds aîxoads cxpcrtds ck mn dhrn ecrvnktokn, cs nu tdr `c Pcdrán `c mn kdvcmn ck Ecrvnktcs (>??:5) y n mn adkuacktnm c`oeoõk `cm ^uogdtc ^uogdtc `orojo`n pdr Lrnkeosed Xoed (EXÁPOEN, >??2).
C. E. XOMC_
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^uc`nk rojurdsnacktc prdboho`ns, sok mn nutdrozneoõk cserotn `c mds totumnrcs `cm edpyrojbt , hng h ngdd mns sn k eo eodd k cs cs tn h mc mceo eo`` ns ck mn mnss mc mcyy cs cs,, mn rc p rd ` u ee oõ k tdtn td tnmm d pn re onm on m ` c cs tn d h rn pd p d r e u n mq yu ocmnr `ostrohueoõk a c` od d prde pr de`c c` cgcapmnrcs oa oc ockk td td,, ed a rc k ` ac`onktc o` d s mn rc pnmquomcr rd j rn lán lá nd yprïstnad cm trnt tr ntna nap÷hmoeds. ock oc k td okldraîtoed, `cp cmmn Pátumd drojoknm drojoknm77 @DK ^SORDPC Nmmck Nmm ck nk` Skw ok, Mdk`rcs @oscþd `c mn edmceeoõk7 Gdnk Hntnmmï Omustrneoõk `c mn euhocrtn7 Zommona Ickt, X c tr n td ` c E cr vn k tc s, >:52 © >?2< >?2< y 866 86667 67 C .E . Xomcy © >??6 y 8666 `c mn trn`ueeoõk enstcmmnkn pnrn Cspnþn y Naïroen7 C ` o t d r o n m E r á t o e n U.M. U.M.,, Edrscjn, 8:6, 6 2662 Hnrecmdkn OUHK7 20-2058-68:-2 @cpõsotd mcjnm7 H. 8.-8666 Oaprcsd ck Cspnþn 8666. - XDA NK _Æ/\NMMU, U .N. .N.,, E npcmmn`cs (Hnr (Hnrecmdkn) ecmdkn)
KDPN @CM NSPDX Ecrvnktcs `cadstrõ nmjukns nmjuk ns vc vcecs ecs mo mokn kn ecrtcrn oktuo oktuoeoõk eoõk sdhrc eõad mmn n p pd d s tc tcrr o` n ` b bnh nhán án `c rc rceo eoh h or n @dk ^uogdtc. Edacktn cm c m enhnmmcrd ck eocrtn densoõk7 «ao bostdron ..... tck` tck`rî rî kce kcecso` cso`n` n` `c edac edacktd ktd pn pnrn rn cktck`crmn cktck`crmn¹. ¹. _ rcspdk`c Unksõk Un ksõk Enrrnsed7 «Csd kd kd,, pdr pdrqu qucc cs tn tnk k emnrn emnrn,, quc kd bny edsn quc `oloeumtnr ck cmmn7 mds koþds mn ankdscnk, mds adzds mn mcck, mds bda hrcs mn cktock`ck y mds vvocgds ocgds mn ecmchrnk¹. M d eocrt eocrtd d cs quc tnktd cm hnebo mmcr eda edad d `dk ^uogdtc tockck rnzõk. Enrrnsed, ck eunktd quc mmd d csckeon csckeonmm `c mn bostdron `cm bo`nmjd cxnmtn`d y su edapnþcrd enapcsokd, quc snmck ck husen `c nvckturns lnktîsto lnktîstoens ens p d r cm auk `d `c mn rcnmo rcnmo`n` `n` prdsno prdsnoen, en, rc sumtn tnk sckeommd y ne neecsohmc ecsohmc edad uk euck eucktd td pnr pnrn n koþd koþds. s. Ck ccstc stc ko kovcm vcm,, mn p pn n rc gn bn ck cktr trn` n`d d ck cm îa îaho hotd td ` cm a ot otd d y ` c md mdss nrqu nr quct ctop opds ds99 `c n b á quc c m mo mohrd hrd bnyn rckdvn`d edkstnktcacktc su oapnetd ercn`dr y bny bnyn n cckjck`rn kjck`rn `d uk soklák `c vcrsodkcs y n`n n`nptneodk ptneodkcs cs ck td` td`ds ds mds a ac`o c`ods. ds. Vcrd `dk ^uogdtc tnahoïk tockc rnzõk, yn quc cm mcetdr ntcktd `cseu hrc auy prdk td quc mn bost bostdron dron okvotn n uk cxnack aîs pckctrnktc, kd pd r scr dseurn ‐ ‐ b n y a au u y p d e d qu qucc md sscc n ‐, sok sokd d pdrquc pdrquc,, cktrc d dtrns trns rn rnz. z.d dkc kcs, s, cm orõkoed buadr `c Ecoyn ktcs bn suseotn`d mnrjns `oseusodkcs nec necren ren `c sus oktckeodkcs, y edkstnktcs rcoktcrprctneodkcs `c su dhrn7 n trnvïs `c mds sojmds y n csenmn auk`onm, cm ^uogdtc sc bn mcá`d y rcmcá`d `c aom ankcrns. Drtcjn y Jnssct dhscrvõ quc td`n kdvcmn edktockc, «edad ukn áktoan lomo lo moj j rn k n ¹ , n m ^uogdtc `cktrd `c sá, sá, «edad cm lr u td cm bucs bucsd¹. d¹. Ck dtrns p n mnhrns, quosd `ceor quc mn dhrn `c Ecoynktcs edktockc td`n mn pdtckeonmo `n ` `cm jïkcr jïkcrd. d. V dr edkso edksojuocktc juocktc,, eda d ck uk guc jd `c muecs y rclmcg rclmcgds ds rc eáprdeds, auebds nspcetds `cm ^uogdtc sc `cseuhrck ck okkuacrnhmcs kdvc kdvcmns mns xv`unknmnxx xx, ,n y mqvoe voecvcr cvcrsn. sn. Md M d s p`c c moj momds j rdsojmds sn nju junr nr` eeu u u oc ocr r moh mohrd rd q u c nme nmenkec nkec,'t ,'t n lj r n ` d `c bl bloo' oo'lº lº kckeon.. Csn dhrn pu c`c mmcjnr n vckcrnrsc ed kckeon edad ad ukn cspc cspceoc eoc `ï tcxt tcxtd d sn jrn`d, `c oedkd oedkd k kneodk neodknm, nm, nm tocapd qu quc, c, eda d mcs suec` suec`cc n md sa d k u k a u
tds p÷hmoeds, mn jcktc mn necptn sok prcstnrmc vcr`n`crn ntckeoõk. Edad `oec cm Vocrrc A ckn r` `c H Hdrjcs drjcs,, «m «mn n jmdron cs ukn okedaprcksoõk, y quo zî mn p cd r¹ r¹.. Sk cs cstu tu`o `od d er eráto átoed ed k d ` ch c ` or oroj oj or orss c n l d a c k t n r mn j md mdrá rán n `c mn dhrn, dhr n, sokd su a nyd r edapr edaprckso cksoõk. õk. Mn M n p r c sc k tc c` c`oe oeoõ oõk k p n r n mn ed edmc mcee eeoõ oõk k `c h d ms msom ommd md ` c C ` ot otd d ro ron n m Er Erátoe átoen n cs ¡n aosan quc sc puhmoeõ ck >??6, prcpnrn`n cspceonmacktc pnrn mds mcetdrcs `c bnhmn enst enstcmm cmmnkn. nkn. C m drojoknm npnrc eoõ ck okjmïs ck >? >?2< 25, >5, scee sceeoõk oõk quc kd npnrceán ck cm drojok drojoknm nm ookjmïs. kjmïs. _ n Lrnke Lrnkeosed osed Jnreán Unrron, rceo Unrron, rceoïk ïk lnmmc lnmmceo` eo` d y mnacktn`d mnacktn`d,, p d r rcsdmvc r cck k nqu cm cktdkecs nmju kd s prd prdhmca hmca ns `c trn trn`ueeo `ueeoõk. õk. Mn M n s d h rn rnss e otn ot n ` ns ck c m tc tcxt xtd d y ck mn mnss k d tn tnss p d r a c` c`od od ` c m k kd d a h rc `c `cmm nutdr nu tdr puc` puc`ck ck o`cktol o`cktoloenrsc oenrsc cck k mn Hohmodjrnlán. M Mn n mct mctrn rn `cspu `cspuïs ïs `c mn lce bn ok`oen mn sceeoõk ck quc sc ckeucktrnk. C`
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CM BDAHXC _ US POCAVD Ucþdr7 Aojucm `c Ecrvnktcs Unnvc`rn `oec quc bn scrvo`d n \.A. au ebds nþds ck mns gdrkn`ns `c anr y tocrrn quc sc bnk dlrceo`d `c vcoktc y `ds nþds n cstn pnrtc, pnrtoeumnracktc ck mn Hntnmmn Knvnm YMcpnktdQ, `dk`c mc `ocrdk auebns bcro`ns, `c mns eunmcs pcr`oõ ukn ankd `c uk nrenhuznzd, y cm nþd sojuocktc luc n Knvnrokd y `cspuïs n mn `c P÷kcz y n mn Jdmctn9 y vokock`d n cstn edrtc edk enrtns `cm scþdr @dk Gunk y `cm @uquc `c Ucssn pnrn quc \.A. mc boeocsc acrec`, luc enutovd ck mn jnmcrn `cm U d m ïm y uk bcrankd suyd, quc tnahoïk bn scrvo`d n \.A. ck mns aosans gdrkn`ns, y lucrdk mmcvn `ds n Nrjcm, `dk`c jnstnrdk cm pntroadkod quc tckánk ck rcsentnrsc y td`n mn bneock`n `c sus pn`rcs y mns `dtcs `c `ds bcrankns `dkecmmns quc tckánk, mns eunmcs quc`nrdk pdhrcs pdr rcsentnr n sus bcrankds9 y `cspuïs `c mohcrtn`ds, lucrdk n scrvor n \.A. ck cm Xcokd `c Vdrtujnm y n mns Pcrecrns YNzdrcsQ edk cm anrquïs `c Unktn Eruz, y nbdrn prcscktc y sorvck n \.A. cmmds mns ck Lmnk`csnm `c nmlïrcz,cstîk y cmsorvock`d Aojucm `c Ecrvnktcs luccmcmukd quc`ctrngd enrtns y nvosds `cm Nmeno`c `c Adstnjnk y luc n Drîk pdr dr`ck `c \.A.9 y `cspuïs bn nsosto`d sorvock`d ck Ucvommn ck kcjdeods `c mn Nran`n, pdr dr`ck `c Nktdkod `c Jucvnrn, edad edkstn pdr mns okldraneodkcs quc tockc9 y ck td`d cstc tocapd kd sc mc bn bcebd acrec` kokjukn. Vo`c y supmoen buaom`cacktc eunktd puc`c n \.A. scn scrvo`d `c bnecrmc acrec` `c uk dloeod ck mns Ok`ons, `c mds trcs d euntrd quc nm prcscktc cstîk vneáds, quc cs cm ukd mn edktn`urán `cm kucvd Xcokd `c Jrnkn`n, d mn jdvcrkneoõk `c mn prdvokeon `c Uded kused ck Juntcanmn, d edktn`dr `c mns jnmcrns `c Enrtnjckn, d edrrcjo`dr `c mn eou`n` `c Mn Vnz9 quc edk eunmquocrn `c cstds dloeods quc \.A. mc bnjn acrec`, mn rceohorî, pdrquc cs bdahrc bîhom y suloeocktc y hckcaïrotd pnrn quc \.A. mc bnjn acrec`, pdr-
quc su `cscd cs n edktokunr socaprc ck cm scrvoeod `c \.A. y nenhnr su vo`n edad md bnk bcebd sus nktcpnsn`ds, quc ck cmmd rceohorî auy jrnk hock y acrec`. (Ck Nstrnkn Anrák, >?02->?32H, t. 0, pp. 033-033?6, su enrrcrn aomotnr y eõad bnhán sdmoeotn`d n mn edrdkn uk capmcd ck cm Edkscgd `c Ok`ons quc lucrn edapntohmc edk su nktcrodr scrvoeod `c eurr rroeu oeumu mua a v otn ot n c cstî, okcvotnhmcacktc, nmjd lo`cmo`n` nm rcy. Edad eu rctden`d, pcrd sorvc pnrn cvdenr pnrtc `cm nahocktc ck quc sc ad voõ cm nutdr `cm ^uogdtc. K d edksojuoõ kokjukd `c csds kdahrnao kdahrnaock ck tds. ¡^uoïk snhc so, `c bnhcrmd mdjrn`d, bnhrán mmcjn`d kuken n cserohor cm ^uogdtc ! Ecrvnktcs bnhán kneo`d ck >30:, prdhnhmcacktc cm 8? `c scptoca hrc (cm `án `c snk Aojucm), eunrtd `c mds soctc bogds `c uk eorugnkd euyn lnaomon kd vován cktdkecs sus adacktds aîs lcmoecs. @urnktc mn oklnkeon `c Aojucm, mn lnaomon sc luc au`nk`d `c ukn eou`n` n dtrn. Kd snhcads kn`n `c su c`ueneoõk bnstn >33:6,Cm eunk`d sc okoeonránk susnktcs nþds `c `c nmostnrsc scrvoeod aomotnr `c enutovo`n`. acadronm eotn`d nrrohn kd okemuyc sus `ovcrsds y pcmojrdsds oktcktds `c csen pnr `c mn csemnvotu` n mn quc cstuvd sdacto`d ck Nrjcmon. @c vucmtn n Cspnþn ck >326, sc ensõ edk Entnmokn `c Vnmneods ck Mnn J nmn nm n tcn. tc n. Luc capmcn`d edad >320 y nm nþd sojuocktc puhmoeõ M edaosnrod `c nhnstds pnrn mn nran`n y, aîs tnr`c (edk pdstcrodro `n` n >3?0), deupõ cm kd aîs njrn`nhmc enrjd `c okspcetdr `c nmenhnmns y dtrds oapucstds, cgcreock`d nahds mn anydr pnrtc `cm tocapd ck Nk`nmueán. Puvd ukn vo`n auy njotn`n ck mn quc dseomõ socaprc cktrc mns `osputns edk mds eucrpds aukoeopnmcs y cemcsoîsto eds y mns `oseusodkcs edk mds ecksdrcs `c eucktns, quc`îk`dmc npc kns tocapd pnrn cstnr edk su augcr ck Csquovons, sock`d cxedaum jn`d ck aîs `c ukn densoõk y ckenrecmn`d uk pnr `c vcecs. Mds
÷mtoads trcoktn y eoked nþds `c su vo`n cstuvocrdk tnk mmckds `c tc`od, pdhrczn y ckdgds edad mds `ocz nktcrodrcs md bnhánk cstn`d `c nvckturns kdvcmcsens. Npckns tckcads `deuacktds sdhrc cm pcrád`d edaprck`o`d ck trc >3?3 y >323). Uu ïxotd ck cm pnás luc csensd, nuk pnstdrom `c M quc tuvd eocrtn rcsdknkeon ck cm cxtrnkgcrd. Mns ÷koens c`oeodkcs pdstcrodrcs quc npnrcecránk ck vo`n `cm nutdr scránk mns `c Moshdn (>3?6) y Vnrás (>>), nahns ck enstcmmnkd. Mn rcputneoõk `c mn anydrán `c mds cserotdrcs `c su ïpden `cpck `án auebd ackds `c sus puhmoeneodkcs `c md quc bcads mmcjn`d n erccr `cs`c cktdkecs. Mds eunrcktn y eoked pdctns mároeds aîs lnad sds ck Cspnþn `cs`c cm nþd `c mn Nran`n (>322) bnstn mn aucrtc `c Lcmopc OOO (>) npckns pd`ránk mmcknr ukn `deckn `c mohrds oaprc sds >??-80). Mds `rnanturjds, `cho`d n(Xd`rájucz-Adþomn knturnmczn `c su nrtc, td`nván tckánk ackds kcecso`n` okac`ontn `c mn oaprcktn, nukquc sus dhrns mmcjnrnk n oaproaorsc, ck mn anydrán `c mds ensds edk cm lok `c `clck`crmns `c mn porntcrán. Cstc kd crn, sok cahnrjd, ko cm ensd `c mns kdvcmns edrtns ko `c mns mnrjns. @cspuïs `cm sojmd xv, kokj÷k kdvcmostn kdvc mostn pd`rán pd`r án nspornr nspornr n mn lna l nann sok mn nyu`n `c mn oaprcktn. oaprcktn. Ecrvnktcs npckns capcznhn n scr edkdeo`d edad kdvcmostn, y bny pdeds ok`oeods quc rcvcmck quc nktcs `c cserohor cm ^uogdtc yn tuvocrn emnrn su vcr`n`crn vdeneoõk motcrnron. Vnrcec quc prdhõ enso td`ds mds jïkcrds7 mn pdcsán, `cs`c mns pdpumnrcs scjuo`ommns y ebn edkns n mns enkeodkcs otnmonkoznktcs aîs ldranmcs9 cm `rnan, `cs`c Mnn Kua Ku a nkeo nk eon9 n9 mn lnrsn `c mds cktrcacscs n mn trnjc`on bcrdoen `c M pdr kd bnhmnr `cm napmod enapd quc nhnren su prdsn motcrnron. Cm
÷koed jïkcrd quc sc `cgõ ck cm toktcrd luc mn pdcsán ïpoen n jrnk csenmn (n cstd ïm bnhrán rcpmoen`d, edk mns pnmnhrns `cm enkõkojd `c Pdmc`d, quc «mn ïpoen puc`c cserchorsc ck prdsn edad ck vcrsd¹7 @dd k ^ u ogd @ og d tc, tc , O, 0:9 o, 3Uok cahnrjd, mns Dhrns Edapmctns kd sdk auy vdmuaokdsns7 eoked dhrns d edmceeodkcs `c prdsn motcrnron (edktnk`d mns `ds pnrtcs `cm ^uogdtc pdr scpnrn`d), `ocz tcxtds `rnaîtoeds, debd cktrcacscs, uk pdcan cxtcksd y nmjukds pdcans aosecmîkcds. Mmcknk td`ns cmmns ukns >.:66 bdgns `c pnpcm hohmon oaprcsns n `ds edmuakns ck cm vdmuack ÷koed `c \nmhuckn Vrnt puhmoen`d pdr mn c`otdronm Njuomnr. Md n`aornhmc cs quc, nktcs `c anrebnrsc n Nk`nmueán pdr ÷mtoan vcz ‐ck cm nþd >?02->?32H), mn okvcstojneoõk hodjrîloen ad`crkn bn nþn`o`d auebds `ctnmmcs n md quc sc snhán `c mn vo`n `c Ecrvnk tcs. Nbdrn edkdecads hnstnktcs `c mns eoreukstnkeons quc rd`cnrdk mds pmcotds n mds quc ïm y su lnaomon sc vocrdk sdacto`ds, drojokn`ds ck jrnk pnrtc pdr mn `oláeom sotuneoõk cedkõaoen quc ntrnvcsnhnk. Mns okkuacrnhmcs pctoeodkcs, `cpdsoeodkcs, jnrnktáns, `cemnrneodkcs, okemusd mns eolrns cxnetns `c mns eucktns `c mns quc crn rcspdksnhmc eunk`d su tnrcn crn pc`or prdvosodkcs pnrn mn nran`n y edhrnr mds ntrnsds `c nmenhnmns ck cm nktojud rcokd `c Jrnkn`n (eolrns quc, ck
>. Pd`n Pd`nss mns rclcrckeons nm ^uogdtc edrrcspdk`ck n mn c`oeoõk `c Muos Aurommd (>?:2N), y vnk kdranmacktc eotn`ns `cm sojuocktc ad`d7 pnrtc, enpátumd, tdad, pîjokn.
nqucm cstn`d `c edsns, okemusd uk cxpcrtd ck loknkzns pd`rán bnhcr rcedjo`d `c ldran okedrrcetn). Md quc lnmtn cs md quc aîs kds justnrán tckcr7 `deuacktds pnrn edapmctnr edk anydr prdpoc`n` cm rctrntd pcrsdknm `cm Ecrvnktcs kdvcmostn. Csenscnk mds lrnjacktds quc kds pd`ránk `nr `ntds `c proacrn ankd necren `c sus dpokodkcs y ercckeons, sus prdpõsotds y sus rcneeodkcs. Enrcecads `cm topd `c enrtns pcrsdknmcs quc pdsccads `c Jõkjdrn, Mdpc `c \cjn y ^uc- vc`d, quc tnk hock omustrnk sus hodjrnláns. Kd kds sorvck `c auebd mds tcstoadkods ok`orcetds `c nqucmmds quc md edkdeocrdk, nukquc bny uk `deuacktd `c mn ïpden quc nrrdgn eocrtn muz sdhrc su vo`n, Okld ldra rann eo eoõõ k ` c N r j c m, nsá edad tnahoïk npdrtn nmjukds `ntds mn mn Ok pdstcrodr Pdpdjrnlá Pdpdjrnlánn c bostdron bostdron jckcrnm `c Nrjcm Nrj cm (>8), (>8), `c @ocjd `c Bnc`d. Vdr cstds `deuacktds mmcjnads n edkdecrmd edad cm bcrdo ed sdm`n`d enutovd quc prdtnjdkozõ vnrods oktcktds `c lujn y quc sorvoõ `c npdyd n sus edapnþcrds erostonkds `c enutovcrod. Vcrd pnrn cshdznr mn bostdron pcrsdknm `c Ecrvnktcs mds bostdron`drcs bnk tcko`d quc lonrsc enso cxemusovnacktc `c mns pîjokns prcmoaoknrcs quc okemuyõ ck sus mohrds y `c csn pcmojrdsn lucktc quc cs su prdpon dhrn `c loeeoõk. N cxecpeoõk `c nmjukds lrnjacktds ck cm \ongc `cm Vnn r k n s d , kd snhcads edk ecrtczn md quc bny `c nutdhodjrîloed ck V su dhrn `c loeeoõk. Vcrd pnrcec quc cstd bn scrvo`d `c cstáaumd pnrn auebds, pucs cxostc ukn trn`oeoõk auy nrrnojn`n `c hodjrnláns aîs d ackds kdvcmcsens.8 Cstî emnrd quc Ecrvnktcs tuvd ukns nahoeodkcs motcrnrons hock `cloko`ns, y tnahoïk quc kuken quc`õ sntoslcebd `cm rcedkdeoaock ^uogdtcn td quc sc mc Okemusd `cspuïs `c mnmd Vroacrn pnrtcCm`cm bnmmnads cm rok`oõ. `cscd `c quc sus mcetdrcs edkdeocrnk. prõmdjd Kdd v c mns mn s cg cgca capp mnrc mn rcss (>5) okemuyc csc rctrntd n pmuan `cm nutdr, mns K cm ÷koed nutïktoed quc pdsccads `c ïm. Ck prõmdjds y `c`oentdrons pdstcrodrcs ckedktrnads aîs cvo`ckeons `c ukn prcdeupneoõk pdr mn entcjdrán `c su lnan motcrnron, pcrd ck kokjukn dhrn sc nprceon `c \ong ngcc ` cm Vnrknsd .5 ad`d tnk cvo`cktc edad ck cm \o Cstn lnktnsán nmcjõroen, cserotn nm cstomd aotdmõjoed-pnrõ`oed ck8. Mn ÷mtoan `c ïstns cserotn cserotn ck okjmïs ccss cm auy cktrctcko`d cstu`od `c Zommona Zommona Hyrdk (>?:?H). Mn hodjrnlán bnstn mn lcebn aîs `c lonr y aîs netunmozn`n cs mn `c Acmvcckn AeIck`roei (>?26H), quc kd cs kn`n kdvcmcsen. 5. C`otn`d pdr \oecktc Jnds (>?:5N). (>?:5 N). Mn acgdr c`oeoõk edktok÷n sock`d mn `c L. Xd`rájucz Anrák (>?53N). \ïnsc Xovcrs (>?:5@), pp. >53 ss., y Enknvnjjod (>?2>Y>Q@).
tdkecs ck hdjn y `c`oen`n n edkacadrnr n td`n ukn bucstc `c cserotdrcs `c mn ïpden y n sntoroznr n dtrds pdeds, luc puhmoen`n ck >0. Uo tckcads ck eucktn quc mns K Kdd v c mns mn s bnhánk snmo`d n mn muz cm nþd nktcrodr, quc cstnhn trnhngnk`d cktdkecs `c Bckd ck mn Ucjuk Vcc r so somc mcss , y quc bnhán rcuko`d vnrons `n pnrtc `cm ^uogdtc y ck cm V dhrns `c tcntrd y cktrcacscs pnrn mn oaprcktn, naïk `c vnrons Hcc r k n r`d r` d , mns Ucankns `cm dhrns quc kd mmcjnrdk n oaproaorsc (su H Gnr` Gn r`ák ák y mn edktokuneoõk `c mn Jnmntcn), kd pd`cads aîs quc an rnvommnads nktc cstn ÷mtoan cxpmdsoõk `c ckcrján ercntovn. Crn edad so ck csds adacktds kd pu`ocrn puhmoenr edk mn suloeocktc rcjumnro Vnn rkn rk n sd surjoõ pnreonmacktc `n`. ^uozî `cho`d nm bcebd `c quc cm V edad edksceuckeon `c uk `csckjnþd pcrsdknm, mn pnrtc suhgctovn `cm pdcan rcvcmn ukds scktoaocktds hnstnktc edklusds.0 Ecrvnktcs dseomn nquá cktrc uk sokecrd ckvnkceoaocktd pdr sus mdjrds motcrnrods y uk scktoaocktd `c oklcrodro`n` pdr su ercneoõk pdïtoen. ukn eocrtn okscjuro`n` y, `c vcz eunk `d, ukn Aucstrn nhocrtn oksntoslneeoõk rcspcetd jckcrnm n mn pdsoeoõk qucckdstcktn cktrc mds dtrds cserotdrcs y cm p÷hmoed ck jckcrnm. Edk td`n lrnkquc zn cxprcsn su `cscd `c nmenkznr cm rcedkdeoaocktd `c mds mcetdrcs («Gnaîs ac a c edktcktï ko sntoslo sntosloec ec / `c bopõerotds acmok`rcs. acmok`rcs. Mmnkn Vnn rkn rk n sd, sd , O\, p. >>0). acktc / quosc quosc nmnhnkzns nmnhnkzns `c md md quc hock boec¹, boe c¹, V Vcrd cstî yn rcsojkn`d n kd edkscjuormd («Edk pded ac edktcktd, Vnn rkn rk n sd, sd , O\, p. >63). Cs soktdaîtoed cm nukquc `cscd auebd¹, V pnpcm quc sc dtdrjn n sá aosad ck cm pdcan, uk pnpcm provomcjon`d y anrjoknm nm aosad tocapd. Cs csedjo`d edad «rcpdrtcrd¹ pnrn mn cxpc`oeoõk nm Vnrknsd, `dk`c cs trntn`d edad uk vocgd naojd `c edklonkzn pdr Npdmd y Acreurod, pcrd ck enahod mc rcsumtn oapdso hmc ckedktrnr nmmá uk nsocktd y, pnrn su orrotneoõk, tockc quc pcran kcecr `c poc. Edk nhsdmutn lnmtn `c tnetd, Npdmd mc sujocrc quc `dhmc su enpn y sc socktc sdhrc cmmn. Vcrd Ecrvnktcs kd tockc enpn y, kd sntoslcebd pdr mn hnknm nscvcrneoõk `c mn `co`n` `c quc mn vortu` cs uk anktd quc td`d md tnpn, prclocrc quc`nrsc ck poc y junr`nr su V n rkn rk n s d , O\, pp. >63->66. Mns lcstovo`n`cs quc tuvocrdk mujnr nmmá nm enhd `c `ds nþds `ocrdk uk kucvd oapumsd n mn edapdsoeoõk `c mn dhrn.
cktrc mns dhrns quc ckuacrn edk drjummd, cs prceosnacktc su pdcsán cm jïkcrd quc ck eocrtns densodkcs mc bnec `u`nr `c su tnmcktd. Ck uk tcrectd eotn`d edk lrceuckeon `oec tckcr quc trnhngnr y `csvcmnrsc «pdrr pnrcecr «pd pnrcecr quc tckjd `c pdctn pd ctn / mn jrneon quc kd quosd `nrac `nrac cm eocmd¹ (Vnrknsd, O, p. 30). ^uozî, edad ercán Ecrku`n, sc `cgnhn mmcvnr `canson`d pdr mns dpokodkcs `c mds `caîs (>??C, OO, p. :>8). Kd cs quc mds edktcapdrîkcds cspnþdmcs `c Ecrvnktcs lucrnk ukn rnzn `c emnsoeos- tns bnstn mn aï`umn, ko auebd ackds. Nktcs `c mn rcvnmdrozneoõk `c mds jïkcrds motcrnrods quc sc okoeoõ ck cm sojmd xva sckeommnacktc kd sc mcsckbnhrán deurro`d dlrcecr n Ecrvnktcs, vortu` `cmmc ^uogdtc , cm sotod cm pnktcõk `c mds okadrtnmcs quc mn ck pdstcro`n` dtdrjnrán. Ko ïm aosad cstnhn hock scjurd `cm mujnr quc mc pcrtckceán. Bny auebds ok`oeods `c quc Ecrvnktcs kuken ldraõ pnrtc `c mn vo`n motcrnron prc`daoknktc ck su tocapd, sokd quc aîs hock sojuoõ ukn mákcn pcrsdknm nm anrjck. Vcrd eunk`d oktcktnads cxpmoenrmd3 kd `chcads pnsnr pdr nmtd ko cm `u`dsd cstn`d `c mn prdsn `c loeeoõk ko cm bcebd `c quc cm ïxotd mc mmcjnrn sõmd n c`n` hnstnktc nvnkzn`n. Bnhán tcko`d ukn vo`n `oláeom y buhd `c cspcrnr auebd pnrn nmenkznr uk eocrtd rckdahrc. Kd bnhán necrtn`d edk sus dhrns `rnaîtoens9 buhd uk oktcrvnmd `c vcoktc nþds cktrc sus `ds proacrns 3. Mn pdmïa pdmïaoen oen tcdrán `c Naïropd Enstrd sdhrc mds supucstds drájckcs edkvcr sds `c Ecrvnktcs cs ukn `c mns aîs edkdeo`ns (>?@).
dhrns puhmoen`ns9 y mucjd, nukquc dhtuvd ïxotd edk cm ^uogdtc, sc trntnhn `c ukn dhrn okemuo`n ck uk jïkcrd cktdkecs edkso`crn`d oklcrodr n mn pdcsán. Edkso`crnk`d td`ns cstns eoreukstnkeons pd`c ads edaprck`cr acgdr cm bcebd `c su «anrjokneoõk¹. Skn `c mns ordkáns quc rd`cnrdk su vo`n y sus dhrns cs quc su anydr ïxotd edacreonm mc mmcjnrn sõmd pdstuanacktc, edk mn puhmoeneoõk, ck >:, Vcr crss omc om c s y Uojo Uo josa sauk uk`d `d.. `c V Vcrd `ctrîs `cm pnpcm prdtcetdr quc cgcreck mn nmcjdrán, mn lnktn sán y mn ordkán ck cm \ong \ongcc `cm ` cm Vnrknsd pd`cads vcr eõad Ecrvnktcs sc nedad`n n mn nahoeoõk `cecpeodkn`n. Csc buadr enrnetcrástoed, drojokn`d pdr cm bcebd `c edkso`crnr mds dhgctds ck sus edrrcetns prdpdreodkcs rcmntovns, sc oapdkc pdr sá sdmd. Csn jrneodsn ordkán, kuken edrrdsovn, md oaprcjkn td`d y n td`ds, okemusd n ïm aosad. Pd`ds mds pdctns, okemusovc mds `cm pnrto`d `c mds huckds, pnrceck hnstnktc ro`áeumds edkso`crn`ds ck anssc. Mn vnknjmdron gucjn uk pnpcm oapdrtnktc ck cm enpátumd \O. @c td`ds ad`ds, ¡quï nhsur`n cs mn cxecsovn vnko`n` pdr nmenkznr mn lnan motcrnron! Kd bny `u`n, sok cahnrjd, necren `c su `cvdeoõk pdr cm nrtc `c mn pdcsán. Vd`cads vcr ck cm aosad mohrd euîk cxnmtn`n crn su o`cnmozneoõk `c ïstn. Ck mn «N`guktn¹ loknm, Npdmd, nukquc sc rán `c mn cstorpc `c mds pdctns ck jckcrnm, n`aotc quc mn pdcsán ckkdhmc ec nm nrtostn7 «átca sc dr`ckn quc td`d pdctn, `c eunmquocr enmo`n` y edk`oeoõk quc scn, scn tcko`d y mc tckjnk pdr bogd`nmjd, ck rnzõk `cm jckcrdsd cgcreoeod ck quc sc deupn¹ (p. >2?). Ck mn aosan pîjokn Ecrvnktcs vucmvc n oksostor ck `ds densodkcs ck quc cm pdctn cs uk nrtostn nm quc bny quc rcspctnr y `cm quc sc `chc cstnr drjummdsd. _ cm kdvcmostn ‐Ecrvnktcs ldraumn oapmáeotnacktc cstn prcjuk tn ck cm V Vnn r k n s d ‐, ´kd acrcec edmdenrsc cktrc mds `caîs pdctns4 Ucnk eunmcs scnk mns `ovcrsns y dseomnktcs `u`ns `c Ecrvnktcs, md eocrtd cs quc ck mns ÷mtoans pîjokns quc cserohoõ sc rcsporn eocrtn scrcko`n`, lrutd quozî `c su necptneoõk `c mns edsns edad crnk. Uc Vcc rsom rs omcs cs,, cserotn trcs `áns ckeucktrn okemusd ck mn `c`oentdron `cm V nktcs `c su aucrtc, cm 88 `c nhrom `c >66 `c mn pdhmneoõk snhán mccr. Mn eolrn kd crn oksojkoloenktc9 crn mn aîs nmtn quc sc bnhán nmenkzn`d bnstn cktdkecs. Edk mn cxpnksoõk `c mn c`ueneoõk quc tuvd mujnr cktrc >366 y >Cstc p÷hmoed `choõ cstnr ldran`d pdr bo`nmjds y aocahrds `c mn nmtn kdhmczn y pdr emïrojds, csedmnrcs c oktcmcetunmcs (Ebcvnmocr, >?:. \ïnsc Zbokkd Zbokkda a (>?26C)9 (>?26C)9 Eruoeisbnki (>?:2C), pp pp.. 2>6-2> 2>6-2>>9 >9 Ebcvnmoc Ebcvnmocrr (>??28C),augcrcs pp. 2? ss.9 Drtoz (>?:>C), 8. >?: mohrds mohrss. ds quc ck rdpn7 «jnstnk sus `okcrds nmquomnk`d mohrds¹ (Juzaîk `c ` c Nmlnrnebc, Nmlnrnebc, OO, ko, 59 >??28C), mn pcrsostckeon `cm bîhotd `c mccr ck vdz nmtn bnec pcksnr quc mn trnksoeoõk n mn mceturn purnacktc deumnr n÷k kd bnhán tcraokn`d. Cstds mcetdrcs bnhránk tcko`d n acku`d dycktcs. Ck uk sckto`d jckcrnm, cm p÷hmoed mcetdr crn soaomnr nm `cm acren `d `c ansns ad`crkd. Mn anydrán `c mds cserotdrcs `c mn ïpden crnk auy edkseocktcs `c su enrîetcr `c «ansn¹, n mn quc `nhnk cm npcmntovd `c «vumjd¹. Crn ïstc edkso`crn`d pdr mds cserotdrcs `cmoen `ds edad ojkdrnktc, anmoeodsd c okscksohmc nm nrtc y n mn adrnmo`n`. Cm vumjd sc `ostokjuán emnrnacktc `c mds «`oserctds¹. Ck cm Juzaîk ` `cc N mln ml n rne rn e b c (>3??) Antcd Nmcaîk `orojoõ uk prõmdjd n en`n ukn `c mns `ds emnscs. Mds cserotdrcs pd`ánk bnhmnr anm `cm vumjd, pcrd snhánk quc `chán scr rcspctn`d, edad bneán Ecrvnktcs eunk`d sc rclcrán n ïm edad nm «nktojud mcjosmn`dr¹ (@dk ^uogdtc, O, prõm.9 o, 38). Cm pd`cr quc ïstc cgcreán sdhrc mds caprcsnrods `c mn oaprck tn crn en`n vcz aîs cvo`cktc pnrn mds cserotdrcs cspnþdmcs `c prokeo pods `cm sojmd R\OO (Eruoeisbnki, >?:2C, p. 2>:). Ecrvnktcs, Mdpc `c \cjn y mn anydrán `c mds kdvcmostns y `rnanturjds `c su ïpden crnk prdhnhmcacktc tnk edkseocktcs edad mds cserotdrcs netunmcs `c mn kcecso`n` `c snhcr pnrn quoïk cserohánk y pnrn quï md bneánk, so pnrn edkscjuor pdpumnro`n` d pnrn dhtckcr rcedapcksns `c topd nrtástoed, ackds muerntovns nukquc aîs `urn`crns. Ecrvnktcs nsporn hn n nmenkznr nahds dhgctovds. Cm naojd `cm cserotdr, ck cm proacr prõmdjd (o, 32), mc nedkscgn quc oktcktc sntoslnecr tnktd nm «soapmc¹ edad nm «`oserctd¹, nm «jrnvc¹ edad nm «pru`cktc¹9 y, aîs tnr`c, cm nutdr quc`õ auy edapmneo`d `c quc su pdpumnro`n` lucrn tnk ukovcrsnm. Mn Vroacrn pnrtc snmoõ prdhnhmcacktc n mn vcktn ck ckcrd `c >3??->0?8 y >?26C) ck cm quc nknmozn mn eucstoõk `cm mohrd `c jrnk `olusoõk ck cm Uojmd `c Drd cspnþdm.5 cspnþ dm.5 Nukquc Nuk quc prdvosodknmcs, prdvosodknmcs, sus bnmmnzjds sc ngustnk ngustnk pcrlcetn acktc n kucstrds dhgctovds7 Mnn E cm cmcs cstok toknn (edk auebd, mn proacrn), cserotn ck su anydr >. M pnrtc pdr Lcrknk`d `c Xdgns. Loeeoõk `onmdjn`n («edac`on bu ankástoen¹). Moh ohrr d îurc îu rcdd ` c A n red re d N u r c mod mo d , `c Nktdkod `c Jucvnrn. 8. M Aosecmîkcn c`uentovn, cgcapmnr y nkce`õtoen. 5. Juzaîk `c Nmlnrnebc, `c Antcd Nmcaîk. Kdvcmn poenrcsen. 5. Jucrrns eovomcs `c Jrnkn`n, pnrtc O, `c Jokïs Vïrcz `c Botn. Xdd a n k e c adrosed edk prctcksodkcs bostõroens. X Mnn @ onkn on kn,, `c Gdrjc `c Adktcanydr. X Xdd a n k e c pnstdrom. 3. M @dd k ^ u ogd og d tc, tc , `c Ecrvnktcs. ?:2@). sdhrc mns K Sk topd `c r rdd a n k ec , cm mohrd `c enhnmmcráns, supcrõ, edad cs hock snho`d, n td`ds mds `caîs ck md quc sc rclocrc nm k÷acrd `c tátumds puhmoen`ds yn nktcs `c > bîhotds c`oeodkcs `c mohrds `c enhnmmcráns cktrc >366tátumds y >??:5@, pp. 820-823 k.).
lmuyck cm r rdd a n k z d otnmonkd y mn ïpoen9 cm nldrosad, mn cpástdmn y cm jïkcrd `onmdjn`d sc edkvocrtck ck cksnyd9 mn ldran suhmotcrnron `cm n`njod sc edahokn edk cm cpojrnan pnrn lmdrcecr edad cahmcan, aocktrns aocktr ns quc cm cpojrnan cpojrnan `n kucvn kucv n vo`n nm sdkct sdk ctd. d.33 Mds cserotd cserotdrcs rcs tnahoïk crnk edkseocktcs `c mds edkvckeodknmosads `c mds jïkcrds. Ck csn edkeockeon sc hnsnhn mn tcdrán motcrnron `c mn ïpden, quc prdec`án `c Otnmon, y ck cspceonm mn tcdrán `c Gumod Eïsnr Csenmájcrd. Skd `c mds tcans aîs edktrdvcrto`ds ck csc adacktd, mn `ostokeoõk cktrc bostdron y pdcsán, crn ck rcnmo`n` ukn eucstoõk `c jïkcrd7 uk oktcktd `c trnznr ukn cspceoc `c lrdktcrn anrátoan cktrc mn tocrrn lorac `c mn bostdron y cm deïnkd oknhnrenhmc `c mn pdcsán (quc vckán n sojkoloenr motcrnturn `c loeeoõk). Mn tcdrán motcrnron `c mn ïpden sc logõ tnk pded ck mns dhrns `c loeeoõk ck prdsn quc kd kds sdrprck`c cm bcebd `c quc ck csn îrcn `c mn motcrnturn prcvnmceocrn uk sckto`d tnk pded prcpnrn`d pnrn mn `ostokeoõktcraokdmdján `c jïkcrds.quc Cstd sc nprceon okac`ontd ck entcjdráns mn vnjn y edklusn sc npmoenhn n mn`canydrán `c mns `c dhrns `c loeeoõk. Kd bnhán cktdkecs ck enstcmmnkd kokj÷k tïrao kd quc `clokocrn mns cxtcksns dhrns `c loeeoõk cserotns ck prdsn. «Mohrd¹ d «bostdron¹ sc capmcnhnk pnrn sojkoloenr md quc nbdrn rda a nkeï nk eï). ). Mn pnmnhrn «kdvcmn¹ (`cm otnmonkd mmnanads «kdvcmn¹ (d rd kdv k dvcm cmmn mn)) capcznhn n oktrd`ueorsc ck mn mckjun (pnrn `csnmdgnr y sustotuor n dtrds tïraokds, edad cm `c «pntrnþn¹) edk cm sojkoloen`d `c «rcmntd hrcvc¹. Uok cahnrjd, cmmd pd`rán scr uk emnrd ok`oeod `c ukn erceocktc `oseroaokneoõk ck csc enapd. N pnrtor `c prokeopods R\OO surjoránk dtrds ok`oeods soaomnrcs. Mns kdvcmns poenrcs `cm sojmd ens sc rcmneodknrdk cktrc sá yn `cs`c uk okoeod. Pnahoïk buhd cm ensd cxecpeodknm `cm prdpod Ecrvnktcs. Ïstc kd bnhrán pd`o`d csero hor kuken cm ^uogdtc so kd buhocrn edkdeo`d mn `olcrckeon cktrc md rda a n kec, ke c, nukquc `csedkdeocrn cstn quc bdy mmnanads «kdvcmn¹ y rd tcraokdmdján ad`crkn. @n`n mn pdmïaoen quc n÷k bdy pcrsostc sdhrc mds jïkcrds, `chd `cgnr hock emnrd quc cstc mohrd sc hnsn ck mn prcaosn `c mn cxostckeon `c jïkcrds, ad`ds y suhjïkcrds (nukquc kd cspcrnads nmenkznr uk edapmctd neucr`d ck eunktd n mn tcraokdmdján utomozn`n). @c kd scr nsá, ac pnrcec quc tnahoïk pd`ránads `oseutor cm bcebd `c quc mn 3. Xdsnmoc M. Edmoc (>?:5C), pp. 55 ss. \ïnsc tnahoïk E. Ju Juommïk ommïk (>?:>C), (>?:>C), pp. >?>, 523 ss., y Nmnstnor Ldwmcr (>?28C), pp. >0? ss.
jcktc puc`n emnsoloenrsc scj÷k su jrupd snkjuákcd, su topd psoedmõ joed, su emnsc sdeonm, cte., pdr cm soapmc bcebd `c quc en`n ukd `c cmmds cs uk ok`ovo`ud ÷koed. Kd tockc sckto`d cxojor `canson`d `cm edkecptd `c jïkcrd, sdhrc td`d edkso`crîk`dmd uk aïtd`d `c entn mdjneoõk prceosn c okautnhmc. Edad Nmnstnor Ldwmcr `cgn hock emnrd (>?28C, p. >8), mds jïkcrds sdk tnk okcstnhmcs edad mns rcmneodkcs cxostcktcsvnránk cktrc edk cmmdscm ytocapd.< mns ldrans suhso`onrons quc surjck `c mds aosads7 Cs ok÷tom oktcktnr rc`ueor uk jïkcrd n mns enrnetcrástoens `c uk ad`cmd ÷koed9 ïstc bn `c ldrgnrsc ldrzdsnacktc n pnrtor `c uk edkguktd `c dhrns. Pnahoïk cs crrõkcd edkso`crnr quc `ctcraokn`d rnsjd cs ok`ospcksnhmc pnrn uk jïkcrd. Eunktd aîs cstcrcdtopn`n cs ukn dhrn, aîs lîeom cs o`cktoloenr su jïkcrd (cstd bn mmcvn`d nm nhusd `cm tïraokd «jïkcrd¹ pdr pnrtc `c mn netunm erátoen eokcantd jrîloen). Eunktd aîs sc npnrtc `c mn ac`on, aîs `u`dsn scrî su ctoquctneoõk. N nmjukns dhrns oktcrac`ons sc mns edkso`crn lîeomack tc báhro`ns, aocktrns quc dtrns sdk aîs `oseutohmcs. Nsá edad bny neucr`d jckcrnm n mn bdrn `c `ckdaoknr «rdgd¹ n uk îrcn `cm cspce trd y «nanrommd¹ n dtrn, y n mn oktcrac`on «knrnkgn¹, so prctck`oïrn ads nloknr n÷k aîs prdktd nenhnránads `oseutock`d. Ck uk jïkcrd `ctcraokn`d `chcránads pd`cr okemuor kd sõmd mns dhrns quc sc ngustnk pcrlcetnacktc nm ad`cmd, sokd tnahoïk mns quc mmcvnk mns pdsohomo`n`cs `cm jïkcrd bnstn sus ÷mtoads máaotcs, c okemusd mns quc prctck`ck suhmcvnrsc edktrns mns kdrans quc md rojck.:Mn tcdrán `c mds jïkcrds kd cs ukn eockeon cxnetn, sokd uk prokeopod dr`ckn`dr, uk edkecptd utomozn`d tnktd pdr mcetdrcs edad pdr cserotdrcs. Mns edkstroeeodkcs `c jïkcrd cgcreck ukn lucrtc oklmuckeon ck uk pmnkd purnacktc suhedkseocktc. Sk `ctcraokn`d jïkcrd d suhjïkcrd motcrnrod puc`c mmcjnr n `daoknr ck uk enapd `c tnm ankcrn quc mds erotcrods ck ïm n`dptn ?28C). Mns `u`ns `c, pdr cgcapmd, Cosckhcrj (>?:?C), @ukk (>?:?C), pp. >53 ss. (>?28@, >?28C) y Xcc` (>?2>C), pp. 3< ss., sdhrc so mn poenrcsen cxostc edad jïkcrd, ac pnrceck `osopn`ns pdr edapmctd pdr mds nrjuacktds `c Ldwmcr (sok quc ïstc sc rclocrn cspceáloenacktc n cmmds). \ïnsc tnahoïk Xcy Bnzns (>?28C). :. «S «Skk adtov adtovdd pnrn cserohor cserohor ck uk `ctcraokn`d `ctcraokn`d jïkcrd cs mn kcecso`n` `c pdkcr ck `u`n nmjukns `c mns netotu`cs suhynecktcs n csn ldran motcrnron¹7 @uhrdw (>?28C), p. 85.
`ds scnk npmoen`ds n dtrns ldrans quc, nukquc rcmneodkn`ns, scnk `olcrcktcs. Cstc scrán cm ensd `c mn ad`crkn kdvcmn rcnmostn (d «vcrd sáaom¹)º Bcads cstn`d tnk edk`oeodkn`ds pdr mn kdvcmn rcnmostn `c mds sojmds ROR y xx quc td`nván bdy guzjnads mns dhrns `c loeeoõk scj÷k erotcrods rcnmostns, pcsc n mn netunm prcvnmckeon `c dtrns ldrans `c kdvcmnbospnkostn ad`crkn.bnstn Cstd ïpdens bn so`d rceocktcs, cspceonmacktc ck erátoen mn erátoen motcrnron pdr mdeocrtd quc mn `c Ecrvnktcs sc bn vostd, sok `u`n, rcsckto`n pdr mn cxecsovn tck`ckeon n guzjnr td`ns sus dhrns n pnrtor `c mds aosads cstîk`nrcs `c mn kdvcmn rcnmostn (vïnsc @cycradk`, >?:3C, y Udhcgnkd, >?:2@). Vdr sucrtc, mns edsns sc cstîk ad`oloenk`d ck cstc puktd y en`n vcz sc rcedkdec aîs mn nutdkdaán `cm rd r d a n k e c .2 N sá `chcrán `chcrán sc scr ck ukn ukn ïpden ck quc mn eockeon-loeeoõk y dtrds topds `c loeeoõk bnk prdmolc- rn`d ck td`ds mds ac`ods `c edaukoeneoõk, ïpden ck mn quc cm bïrdc rdd a n k e c enhnmmcrcsed sc bn rcckenrkn`d ck uk Gnacs Hdk`, `cm r cquopn`d `c uk`cm pcqucþd jrn`d sc `c bn eákoed antcronmosad, edad ck edrrcs pdk`c n lokcs sojmd xx9?y rcckenrkn`d tnahoïk, ukn Mnn jucr ju crrn rn ` c mns jnmn j nmnxo xons ns ldran aîs purn, ck mds bïrdcs eõsaoeds `c M y Uupcrank. Kd quocrd rcpctor nquá nrjuacktds quc yn bc capmcn`d nktcrodr acktc ck dtrn pnrtc, pcrd quosocrn cvotnr, ck md pdsohmc, td`d anmck r d a n k ec y «kdvcmn¹ pnrn `ostokjuor tck`o` tck `o`d.> d.>66 Stomozd mds tïraokds tïraokds rd 2. \ïnsc, sdhrc td`d, td` d, Lryc (>?3:C), pp. 565 ss., ss ., y (>? (>?:?8->>5, cktrc dtrds. Mn prdpn jnk`n `c prd`uetds `c edksuad, `c edkdeo`ns anrens `c eojnrrommds, wbosiy, edebcs, acracmn`ns, cte., quc npnrcec ck mns kdvcmns `c Lmcaokj tockc aîs sckto`d `c md quc pnrcec. Orõkoenacktc, cm o`cnmosad `cm vocgd rda rdanke nkecc bn vcko`d n pnrnr nm k÷emcd luk`nacktnm `cm antcronmosad `cm edksuad `c ansns7 mn puhmoeo`n`, cspceonmacktc mn edacreonm dlrceo`n pdr tcmcvosoõk. Nbá td`ns mns augcrcs gõvckcs sdk ckenktn`drns y `cscnhmcs9 td`ds mds bdahrcs gõvckcs, jnmmnr`ds y voromcs9 mds koþds, sdkrocktcs y lcmoecs9 mns an`rcs, oklntojnhmcacktc ntcktns, y mns lnaomons, nraõkoens y `ovcrto`ns. Sk auk`d `c jmn jmnad adur ur y `c cadeodkcs nm nmenkec `c td`d nqucm quc puc`n edaprnr uk ebnap÷, ukn tnhmctn `c ebdedmntc, ukn mntn `c ecrvczn d uk nutdaõvom. Edad mds nktojuds cserotdrcs `c rda rdankec nkecs, s, mds puhmoeostns npuktnk n mn aîs prdluk`n oktoao`n` `c mds `cscds buankds. >6.. \ïnsc Xomcy (>?2>@). N mn muz `c mns edkemusodkc >6 edkemusodkcss `c L Ldwmcr dwmcr (>?28C), `chcrán antoznr nmjukns `c aos nloraneodkcs, pcrd md luk`nacktnm `c ao tcdrán sojuc ck poc. Ck nrns `c mn emnro`n` rcprd`uzed nquá mn mostn `c mns quc ac pnrceck mns enrnetcrástoens hîsoens `cm rda rdanke nkecc rcmcvnktcs pnrn Ecrvnktcs y su ïpden. Pïkjnsc ck eucktn quc su okeo`ckeon vnrán scj÷k mns dhrns y quc kokjukn cs oaprcseok`ohmc ko ÷koen ck cm jïkcrd7
`ds emnscs `olcrcktcs pcrd rcmneodkn`ns `c mn lnaomon `c mn knrrntovn `c loeeoõk ck prdsn. Cm usd `c nahds kd cs okedapntohmc. Uo nmjukns vcecs sc mds trntn edad so lucrnk ukn pdmnro`n`, `chc cktck`crsc quc sus máaotcs kd socaprc sdk okvnronhmcs, sokd quc bny uk anrjck `c supcrpdsoeoõk. Drtcjn y Jnssct scþnmõ bnec auebds nþds quc mns K Kdd v c mns mn s cgc cg c a p pmn mn r c s `c Ecrvnktcs sdk, hîsoenacktc, `c `ds topds `olcrcktcs (>?3:@, pp. >00->03). Drtcjn `ostokjuc cktrc mds rcmntds prc`daoknktcacktc rda a n k ec. ec . Kokjukn `c mns «kdvcmns¹ cs rcnmostns y mds hnsn`ds ck cm rd Mnn omustr omu strcc edapmctnacktc `c uk topd d `c dtrd9 y `ds `c cmmns, M l lrr c j d k n y M Mnn j otnko otn kommn mmn,, sdk sok `u`n báhro`ds cxpcroacktnmcs. Mn nju`n dhscrvneoõk `c Drtcjn `c quc cstns dhrns sdk `olcrcktcs ck jïkcrd kd dhtuvd, sok cahnrjd, mn nprdhneoõk `c mn ad`crkn eráto en ecrvnktokn, sokd quc surjocrdk jrnk`cs `oseusodkcs necren `c mns
>. Cm rda rdankec nkec cs ukn bostdron `c nadr d `c nvckturn, y edk lrceuckeo nahns edsns n mn vcz. 8. Jckcrnmacktc prcscktn uk vongc, ukn h÷squc`n d ukn pruchn n sup supcrn crnr. r. 5. Cstî aîs ecren `cm aotd ao td quc mn kdvc kdvcmn mn ad`crkn. 0. K d pdkc trnhns n md sdhrcknturn sdhrcknturnm.m. 3. Cm tocapd y cm cspneod cspne od kd cstîk kcecsnronacktc sugctds n mns kdrans capároens capároens.. 6. Cm `c `csnrrdmmd snrrdmmd y cm `csckmnec ``cc mn neeoõk cstîk lucrtcacktc jdhcrkn`ds pdr mns pcropceons `c mn ldrtukn y pdr mds ckeucktrds ldrtuotds. Vnrn cm mcetdr ad`crkd, nedstuahrn`d n mds nrjuacktds hnsn`ds ck ukn enusnmo`n` ankolocstn, pnrceck eru `ns ankopumneodkcs `cm neeo`cktc y `c mn ensunmo`n`. Uok cahnrjd, ck cm nktojud rdank rda nkec ec ac`ocvnm y rcknecktostn rcprcscktnk mn oktcrvckeoõk `c mn `ovokn Vrdvo`ck eon, mn eunm `orojc mds nedktceoaocktds buankds y `n sckto`d n mn cxostckeon buankn. >>.. Uc nprdx >> nprdxoank oank edk lrceuckeon n mds sucþds, ck cs cspceonm pceonm n mds quc sntoslneck mds mds `cscds aîs aîs prdlu prdluk`ds k`ds.. >8. Mds `ctnmmcs `cseroptovds puc`ck scr kuacrdsds, scksun mcs y vosun vosunmacktc macktc vovo`ds. >5. >5. Cm cstomd sucmc sc scrr cmcvn`d y kd lnvdrce lnvdrcecc cm `oîmdjd
rdanke c «sc ngustn`cedk rcnmost rcnmostn. n. >0. Cm rda mn ad`n `cm `án cstîCstd ldrgn`d ck cm adm`c cxnetd `c mnnkec scksohomo`n` ukncsacrd ïpden¹n (Hccr, >?:6C, p. y>8). cxpmoen cm bcebd `c quc tnktds rda rdanke nkecs cs pnrtoeumnrcs quc`ck tnk prdktd nktoeun`ds. \ïnsc Buac (>?:0C) pnrn edacktnrods n`oeodknmcs sdhrc mns enrnetcrástoens luk `nacktnmcs `cm rdankec.
okcserutnhmcs enpotumneodkcs ecrvnktokns n mds justds nrtoloeonmcs ck tdkecs `c ad`n. ´Eõad pu`d uk aosad bdahrc bnhcr cserotd Xok X okee d k c tc y E d rt rtnn ` ommd om md y M Mnn s ` d s ` d k ec ecmmmmnn s d, pnrn cm ensd, V Vcr crso somc mcss y @ @dd k ^ u ogd og d tc 4 Mn supucstn okedapntohomo`n` `c cstns dhrns mmcvõ n mds okvcstojn`drcs n oktcktnr trnznr mn cvdmueoõk erdkdmõjoen `c sus dhrns n pnrtor `c mákcns prcedkecho`ns7 `cm o`cnmosad nm rcnmosad (ensd `c Jdkzîmcz `c Nacz÷n, >?3, pp. 028 ss.), y `cm rcnmosad nm o`cnmosad (Xutb Cm Unllnr, >?:0@). Cstns tcdráns tockck `ds okedkvckocktcs7 quc mn proacrn y mn ÷mtoan dhrn puhmoen`ns pdr Ecrvnktcs sdk rda r dann kecs ke cs o`cnmostns, y quc mns tcdráns bnk `c hnsnrsc, ck mn anydrán `c mns dhrns, ck mns lcebns `c su edapdsoeoõk, `ntds sdhrc mds quc mns dpokodkcs `olocrck y quc sdk, pdr md tnktd, `u`d sds. Auebd aîs prdhnhmc cs mn tcrecrn tcdrán, sdstcko`n edk lrceuck eon, quc `clock`c quc Ecrvnktcs kuken pnsõ `clokotovnacktc `c uk cstomd knrrntovd n dtrd, sokd quc luc enpnz `c nmtcrknr nahds bnstn cm lok `c sus `áns. @c cstn ldran quc`n rcsucmtd cm edapmcgd prdhmc Vcr crso somc mcs, s, euyns lcebns `c an `c mn `olcrckeon cktrc cm ^uogdtc y cm V edapdsoeoõk, ck pnrtc, sc supcrpdkck. Csckeonmacktc, edad sujoroõ Ldreodkc (>?:8@, pp. >36->3>), mn `olcrckeon cs `c jïkcrd. Ck md quc sc rclocrc n mds topds aîs lrceucktcs `c rd rda a nkec nk ec,, Ecrvnktcs eumtovõ `ds edk kdtnhmc ïxotd7 cm pnstdrom y cm hoznktokd d rda a n kec ke c `c enhnmmcráns, jrocjd. Cm aîs pdpumnr `c mn ïpden, cm rd sckeommnacktc md utomozõ pnrn sus prdpods y hock edkdeo`ds prdpõso tds. ^uozî sdmnads cxnjcrnr su prcdeupneoõk pdr cstc ÷mtoad topd, `n`d quc npckns lojurn ck sus dtrds cserotds. Nprdvcebõ antcronm `c Hdonr`d y `c Nrodstd ck su dhrn `rnaîtoen M Mnn ensn en sn ` c mds md s ecmd ec mdss (vïnsc Enknvnjjod, >?::@, pp. >65 ss.), y pu`d bnhcr edkso`crn`d Vcr crso somc mcss uk rd rda a n kec ke c `c enhnmmcráns netunmozn`d y purjn`d `c nm V cmcacktds lnktîstoeds. Mds puktds `c edktnetd cktrc cm V Vcc rsomc rs omcss y mn rda a nkec nk ec `cseropeoõk `cm enkõkojd `c Pdmc`d `c mns eunmo`n`cs `cm rd `c enhnmmcráns o`cnm (@dk ^uogdtc, O, 0:) md sujocrck cxtrndr`oknron acktc. Vcrd, npnrtc `cm ^uogdtc, csd cs td`d. Ecrvnktcs sc okoeoõ ck cm nrtc `c mn cseroturn ck prdsn edk uk rda rd a n k ec pnstdrom." M Mnn J n mntc mn tcnn (>323) luc mn quoktn dhrn `c su emnsc >>. Cm rdan rdankec kec pnstdrom, ck jckcrnm, bnhrán npdrtn`d aîs nm kdvcmo kdvcmostn stn ck eocr rdankec nkec `c enhnmmcráns. Mn @o @onk nknn cknad ckn adrn` rn`nn `c Jom Vdmd, pdr cgcapmd, kcs quc cm rda aucstrn uk emnrd `cspmnznaocktd bneon cm trntnaocktd kdvcmástoed `cm pcrsdkngc y su adtovneoõk (vïnsc Udmï-Mcros, >?26C, pp. 30-339 Edzn`, >?2>C). Mn Nr Nren en`on `on `c Mdpc `c \cjn (>3?2) tockc ukn scroc `c rnsjds enso kdvcmástoeds (Dsukn, >?:8C, pp. 856, 805 ss.).
@on onkk n (>33?) `c Adktcanydr, quc sc puhmoenrán ck Cspnþn `cs`c mn @ Adktca nydr, y tnrcn jrntn edk mn quc Ecrvnktcs `choõ nprck`cr auebd sdhrc cm nrtc `c kdvcmnr. M Mnn J nmnt nm ntcn cn `ckdtn enrnetcrástoens tápoens `c su aïtd`d knrrntovd. Vdr cgcapmd, cm ckeucktrd ldrtuotd edk quc prok eopon ukn bostdron pnrtoeumnr, knrrn`n pdr uk `csedkdeo`d, lrceuck tcacktc pdr cktrcjns, n acku`d edk aîs `c uk knrrn`dr y edk oktcrrupeodkcs ck suspcksd, y cm loknm rcprcscktn`d pdr md eda÷k ck cm pmnkd hîsoed `c mds nedktceoaocktds. @c ldran scacgnktc, Jom @on onkk n ckn ck n a d rn` rn ` n (>3 .>8Mn Nren`on Nren `on cs, luk`nack luk`na ck tnmacktc, uk auk`d provn`d `cktrd `c mn oktrdvcrto`n acktc `c eunmquocr nanktc, `dk`c sõmd oapdrtnk cm nadr y mns cadeodkcs quc md nedapnþnk, cxtcrodrozn`ns pdr ac`od `cm nrtc ck uk auk`d hueõmoed y cstomozn`d. Cstc auk`d, ko cstî cktcrnacktc rcjumn`d pdr mns kdrans tcrrcstrcs `cm cspneod y cm tocapd, ko cstî mohrc pdr
@onkn kn'.'. «Mn vcr`n` `cm nsuktd cs qu >8.. >8 Edad Eda d bnec Lotzanuroe Lotzanuroec-Icmmy c-Icmmy edk mn @on mn ldran pnstdrom cs csckeonmacktc nrtoloeonm9 mn lnmsc`n` `cm jïkcrd justnhn nm p÷hmoed `c cktdkecs y sc prcstnhn lîeomacktc nm nmnahoen`d tnmcktd `c Adktcanydr, auy nmcgn`d `cm rcnmosad¹ (>?8?0?). o`ckto`n` aîsrcokd cmcvn`d¹, ck ercn`d pnmnhrns Kdrtbrdpy Lryc (>?:?:2C, pp. 3: ss.). Nsá, bnk supcrn`d yn mns prcdeupneodkcs antcronmcs `c mn vo`n sdeonm edto`onkn (quc tnk mcgds cstîk `c mds pcksnaocktds `c td`ds mds nanktcs `ostrná`ds) y vnjnk cahnrjn`ds pdr mn cadeoõk, d pcrsojuck d sdk pcrscjuo`ds ck cm anred `cm pnosngc `c mn Nren `on, quc puc`c mok`nr edk uk `csocrtd scaonmcjõroed. Vuc`ck cstnr ck edaukoõk (d edkseocktcacktc nmockn`ds) edk cm auk`d knturnm quc mds rd`cn. Ecrvnktcs kuken `cgõ `c cserohor pnsngcs pnstdromcs ck sus dhrns pdstcrodrcs n mn Jnmntcn, y su pcrankcktc nlcetd pdr rda a nkec nk ecss kuken sc vod `nþn`d pdr su enpneo`n` pnrn cstc topd `c rd vcr cm mn`d eõaoed `c mds aosads. Ck su ÷mtoan dhrn, Vc Vcrs rsomc omcss y Uoj Uo j osa os a uk`d uk `d,, Ecrvnktcs oktcktõ edkseocktcacktc rckdvnr cm r rdd a n k e c `c nvckturns vdmvock`d n mn Kdd v c ldran aîs nktojun edkdeo`n `cm jïkcrd. Ck su prõmdjd n mns K mns cgcapmnrcs cgcap mnrcs `cserohoõ mn dhrn prdacto`n edad ukn quc «sc ntrcvc n edapctor edk Bcmod`drd¹, y cs cvo`cktc quc tnahoïk edkdeán nmjukn vcrsoõk `cm M c u e o p c y E motd mo tdll d k tc `c Nquomcs Pne P neod.> od.>5 K d sõmd
>5. >5. Mn trn`ueeoõk lrnkecsn `c Nayd Na ydtt `c mn B Bost ostdr dron on ctoõp cto õpoen oen luc vcrto`n nm enstcmmnkd ck >3309 ck >32: sojuoõ mn trn`ueeoõk `c Lcrknk`d `c Ackn (vïnsc Ldr`d kc, >?:6@, pp. 3< ss.). Skn vcrsoõk otnmonkn pnreonm `cm rda rdankec nkec `c Nquomcs Pneod, mds N Na a d rdso rd so rnjodkna rnjo dknackto ckto (>30338), `c K÷þcz `c Xcokdsd, quc Ecrvnktcs bnhrán prdhnhmcacktc mcá`d, nukquc tnahoïk pu`d bnhcr mcá`d mn vcrsoõk `c @dmec d mn vcrsoõk edapmctn rcnmozn`n pdr Nkjcmd Edeeod ck >33> (vïnsc Woaoe, >?:0->?:3@). Mn proacrn vcrsoõk edapmctn ck enstcmmnkd kd npnrceoõ bnstn >:.
Vcrs rsomc omcs, s, sokd tnahoïk ck mn Jnmntcn, mns K Kdd v c mns mn s cgca cg capp mnrc mn rcss y ck cm Vc cm ^uogdtc, jrnk pnrtc `cm edapdkcktc hîsoed `c mn nvckturn rdaîk rda a n k e c hoznktokd. Cm tcan toen `crovn `orcetn d ok`orcetnacktc `cm rd jckïroed ecktrnm sc pnrcec auebd nm `cm Vc Vcrs rsomc omcs. s. Skn pnrcgn `c kdhmcs y gõvckcs nanktcs, pnrn`ojan `c mn hcmmczn y mn vortu`, sdk
scpnrn`ds dhmojn`ds vongnr y n pdr cklrcktnrsc n td`ds mdsy pcmojrds quc puc`c ycktrnþnr mn nknvcjneoõk anr7 tcapcstn`cs knulrn jods, netds `c porntcrán, enutovcrods, nacknzns `c tdrturn9 n cxpcro acktnr ck enrkc prdpon rotds `c rcmojodkcs cxtrnþns, vcrsc sdrprck`o `ds pdr îvo`ds vodmn`drcs, sc`uetdrcs vdmuptudsds y tcrrohmcs okldr tukods. Vcrd nenhnk supcrîk`dmd td`d y edksojuck lcmozacktc vdm vcr n rcukorsc y mucjd ensnrsc, vock`d nsá rcedapcksn`n su vortu`. Uu nadr sc ldrtnmcec edk mds dhstîeumds, edhrnk`d nsá uk rdankto eosad pnrceo`d nm `c Mnkznrdtc y mn rcokn Jokchrn, nukquc auebd aîs purd. Kucstrn eda÷k edkeuposeckeon buankn sc edkaucvc nm vcr sdacto`n pruchn su y eunk`d Cm ïstnpd`cr snmc oktnetn quc`n sntoslcebd ukn okstoktd kdensto`n`, ackds buankd. `c mn `ovokn prdvo`ckeon md prcso`c td`d. @dec nþds nktcs yn bnhán cxpcroacktn`d Mdpc edk mn ad`crko rda a n k ec hoznktokd ck C m p c r c j rok ro k d ck su p n tron tr on (> okstrue eoõk.>3 Kd dhstnktc, aocktrns quc `cs`c bnec trcs sojmds y ac`od cm ^uogdtc kd bn ecsn`d `c `cadstrnr n sus mcetdrcs su pcrtckckeon tnktd n mn vo`n Vcrs rsomomcs cs,, edad mn anydrán `c mds vocgds edad n mn motcrnturn, cm Vc rda rd a n k ecs ec s (nukquc kd `cm rd rda a n k ec ck jckcrnm), pnrcec bnhcrsc cstnk en`d ck su prdpon ïpden. @ @dd k ^ u ogd og d tc tockc su puktd `c pnrto`n ck >0. Dhr Dhrns ns cspnþd cspnþdmns mns `c cstn emnsc sc trn`ugcrdk ck Okjmntcrrn nm ackds ack ds eoked vcecs cktrc >?, eunk`d npnrceoõ mn vcrsoõk okjmcsn `cm Vcrso Vcrsomcs, mcs, y >?80). Buhd tnahoïk vcoktoeuntrd rda nmjukds `c cmmds `c a÷mtopmcs tdads. Uu nujc edktokuõ bnstn mn `ïen`n `c >?:8@) y Ensnm`ucrd (>?0:@). _ tnahoïk Utcjankk (>?:>@), Ldreodkc (>?:6@) y mn oktrd`ueeoõk n mn c`oeoõk `c Nvnmmc-Nrec (>?
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