Introducción A Las Ciencias Aplicadas

 

Odtrheuiioùd n `ns Ioldions Np`oinens. Lalrioiohs el iî`iu`h el jhtlh y ehsoboinioùd1 Uïrfodhs1  SMS1 S`nd el moerntnioùd pnrldtlrn`.  L/R1 Ldehvldhsh  f`.1 fo`o`otrhs  \O udoenels odtlrdniohdn`ls. >. L` SMS ls el 57foirhjhtns/fod. ¸^uï indtoene el vh`ufld ld f`, el` p`nd el moerntnioùd, pnsnd ld l` trndsiursh el 75ms8 (23foirhjhtns6>f`). >mhrn----- 423 fod 75ms------ 4 x1 >553 fod. > fod. ------ 4 57 foirhjhtns >553 fod--- 4x1 235=3 foirhjhtns 23 foirhjhtns----------- 4> f` 235=3 foirhjhtns----- 4 x1 >33= f`  Wtn1 Ld 75ms 75ms sl odbudeolrhd odbudeolrhd >333 f` 6 >`otrhs. >`otrhs. 7. L` SMS ls el 7>jhtns/fod. ¸^uï indtoene ld if9, el` p`nd el moerntnioùd, pnsnd ld l` trndsiursh el >7ms8 (73jhtns6>f`). >7ms6:=3 fod. >fod---------- 4 7> jhtns >fod---------:73 fod----- 4 >73 jhtns 73 jhtns ---------- 4 > f` >73 jhtns----- 4 :7 ms ms sl odbudeolrhd odbudeolrhd :7 ms L/R. @n prlsldtnioùd ls ld nfph``n el > jr---------- 4 >333 fj. 3,35< jr----- 4 5< fj. >< fj ------4 7 if9 5< fj-------- 4 2 if9  Wtn1 Inen >7ms, >7ms, sl `l elgld elgld nefodostrnr nefodostrnr 2 if9 el el Klthth`ni. Klthth`ni. 5. Yl elgl nefodostrnr n `n Yrn. Fnræn 7.533.333 udoenels el pldoio`odn (> brnsih 6 >.733.333 \O). Snrn rlihdstotuor l` ph`vh, sl rlquolrl udn nfph``n el < if9 el njun elsto`nen. n. ¸Iuîdths if9 el pldoio`odn ld thtn` elgl nefodostrnr8 g. Yo `n ehsos bulrn :33.333 udoenels odtlrdniohdn`ls ¸Iuîdths if9 elgl nefodostrnr8 ne fodostrnr8 n. >.733.333 \O ---- 4 < if9 7.533.333 \O ---- 4 >3 if9  Wtn1 sl `l elgld elgld nefodostrnr nefodostrnr >3 if9 if9 el pldoio`odn. pldoio`odn. g. >73.333 \O ------- 4 < if9 :33.333 \O-------- 4 7,? if9  Wtn1 sl `l elgld elgld nefodostrnr nefodostrnr 9 if9 el el pldoio`odn. pldoio`odn.

 

23 fj el jldtnfoiodn inen = mhrns phr : eæns (prlsldtnioùd el `n nfph``n1 =3 fj/7if9). @hs mhrnrohs el nefodostrnioùd shd =133, >2133 >2 133 y 75133 mrs. n) ¸Iuîdths if9 elgl nefodostrnr n `ns =1338 i) ¸Iuîdths if9 ld thtn` rliogl lstn pnioldtl ld 75 mrs8 g) ¸Iuîdtns nfph``ns elgl nefodostrnr n `ns 75 mrs8 e) ¸Iuîdths fj ld thtn` rliogl `n pnioldtl el jldtnfoiodn ld `hs : eæns el trntnfoldth8 n) =3 fj----- 4 7 if9 >73fj----- 4 5 if9 g) =ms ------- 45 if9 75 ms---- 4 >7 if9 i) 7 if9 ----- 4 > nfph``n. >7 if9 ----- 4 2 nfph``n. e) =ms ---------- 4 >23 fj. 75ms ----------4 5=3 fj x > eæn.   9923 fj x slfndn. 2. Yl odeoin Nfpoio`odn n pnioldtl pleoîtroih el : nþhs (plsh 7=kj) L/R, inen >7ms. Ehsos1 jr/< if9. Snrn phelr nefodostrnr lstl ndtogoùtoih, l` fosfh elgl eo`uorsl ld >33f` el sh`uioùd sn`odn. n) ¸Iuîdths fj el nfpoio`odn sl `l elgl nefodostrnr n` pnioldtl inen >7ms8 g) ¸Iuîdths f` sl `l elgl np`oinr n` pnioldtl8 i) ¸N quï jhtlh elgl rlju`nrsl l` p`nd el moerntnioùd, so elgl pnsnr ld 93 fod.8 (73jhtns6>f`) n) > kj------- 4 533 fj 75ms ------ 4 >553 fj >7ms ------ 4 :33 fj  Wtn.1 Yl `l nefodostrnrh nefodostrnrhd d :33 fj el nfpoio`odn nfpoio`odn ld >7ms. g) >jr6>333fj >333 fj -------- 4 < if9 :33 fj --------- 4 9,< if9  Wtn.1 Yl `l nefodostrnrh nefodostrnrhd d 9,< if9 el nfpoio`odn. i) > f` -------- 4 73 jhtns >33 f`------47333 jhtns 93 fod. ------4 7333jhtns > fod. ------- 4 22 jhtns.  Wtn.1 Yl elgl elgl ih`hinr l` l` jhtlh, n 2: 2: jhtns/fod. jhtns/fod. :. Srlsldtnioùd el sn`gutnfh` 3,kj ------ 4 3,< fj 7=kj----- 4 ]  4 ] 1 >5fj 75ms ------ 4 >5 fj

 

2 ms-------- 4 ]  4 ] 1 9,< fj 33 f` 9,< fj ------ 4 ]  4  ] 1 3,: f` >f` ------ 4 73 jhtns 3,: f`----- 4 ]  4 ] 1 >5 jhtns  Wtn.1 Yl rlquolrld rlquolrld >5 jhtns pnrn dlgu`oznr dlgu`oznr n` pnioldtl pnioldtl inen 2 mhrns. mhrns. =. Ld `n prlsldtnioùd Gnxtlr el 7 nþhs) i`odenfoiodn 3,5jr L/R. Inen nfph``n ihdtoldl 233fj/5f`. ¸Iuîdtn indtoene ld f` elgh e lgh sufodostrnr`l8 3,5 jr 6 533 fj

 

233 fj ------ 4 5 f` 533 fj ------- 4 ]  4 ] 1 7,2 f`.  Wtn.1 Yl `l elgl elgl nefodostrnr nefodostrnr 7,< f` el i`odenfoio i`odenfoiodn. dn. >7. Yl elgl nefodostrnr > f` ------ 4 73 jhtns 9333f` ------- 4 ]  4 ] 1 23.333 jhtns. >553 fod ------ 4 23.333 jhtns > fod ------- 4 ]  4 ] 1 57 jhtns.  Wtn.1 57 jhtns/fod. jhtns/fod. >9. Ld `n prlsldtnioùd Gnxtlr el 7ms. n) ¸Iuîdths f` sl `l elgl nefodostrnr inen = ms8 g) _ so l` oguprhbldh bulrn n` 7% ¸Iuîdths if9 elgh nefodostrnr8 i) _ so `n pnioldtl plsn >7kj y sl `l nefodostrn oguprhbldh n` 5%. ¸Iuîdths if9 elgh nefodostrnr8 n. > kj ----- 4>2 kj ------4 ]  ------4 ] 1 753 fj. >7 ms ----- 4 753fj. = ms ------4 ]  ------4 ] 1 >23 fj. 5333 fj ----- 4>33f`. >23 fj --------4 ]  --------4 ] 1 5 f`.  Wtn.1 Yl `l elgl elgl nefodostrnr nefodostrnr 5 f` el oguprhbld oguprhbldh h n` 5% inen =ms =ms n` pnioldtl pnioldtl el >2kj. >2kj. g. 7333 fj ----- 4>33 f`. >23 fj ------4 ]  ------4 ] 1 = f`.  Wtn.1 Yl `l elgl elgl nefodostrnr nefodostrnr = f` el oguprhbld oguprhbldh h 7% i/=ms, n` pnioldtl pnioldtl el >2kj. i. > kj ----- 4>7 kj ------4 ]  ------4 ] 1 >=3 fj. >7 ms ----- 4 753fj. = ms ------4 ]  ------4 ] 1 >73 fj. 5333 fj ----- 4>33f`. >73 fj --------4 ]  --------4 ] 1 9 f`.  Wtn.1 Yl `l elgl elgl nefodostrnr nefodostrnr 9 f` el oguprhbld oguprhbldh h n` 5% i/=ms, i/=ms, n` pnioldtl pnioldtl el >7 kj. > foduth--------4 57 jhtns 23foduths------4 ]1 7533 jhtns 7533 jhtns--------- 4 > mhrn >3333 jhtns --------4 x1 5, >2 mhrns  Wtn.1 Yl rlquolrld rlquolrld 5 ms. ms. >2. ¸Iuîdtns mhrns elgl eurnr udn vldhi`osos el >333 fo` n rnzùd el 7= jhtns/foduth8 73 jhtns----- 4 >f` 7= jhtns----- 4 x1 >,5 f` >,5 f` ------- 4 > fod >333f` ------ 4 ]1 :>5 fod. :>5 fod/ 23 fod 6 >>,? mhrns. Wtn.1 Yl rlquolrld >7 mhrns. >:. ¸N rnzùd el iuîdtns jhtns / foduth elgl rlju`nrsl udn vldhi`osos el 7 mhrns8 >7ms6:73 fod > f`--------- 4 73 jhtns 3.333 jhtns :73 fod.----- 4>3.333 jhtns > fod ---------4 ]1 >9,= jhtns/fod Wtn1 >5 jhtns/fod. >=. \dn vldhi`osos el 5 jhtns / foduth. ¸Iuîdtns mhrns elgl eurnr8 73 jhtns----- 4 >f` >5 jhtns----- 4 x1 3,: f` 3,: f` ------- 4 > fod 5 fod. :>5 fod/ 23 fod 6 >>,? mhrns. Wtn.1 Yl rlquolrld >7 mhrns.