Introduccion A La Problematica Del Mundo Contemporaneo Unidad N°4

 

@aisk / [gfjij ;2 @uaturi k Fjkgtfjij Gi`fmgia

Pztibgszribokr,, Jirèm Pztibgszribokr

9. ½Yuæ `iri`tkrfzi `iri`tkrfzi ia hmjm hmjkrgm hmjkrgm jk pkgsir / kaiomrir kaiomrir ais fjkgtf fjkgtfjijks= jijks= Kg ka igéafsfs pmr ug aijm ams supukstms suoyi`kgtks quk sk kg`ukgtrig jktrés jk ais cmrhis `mg`rktis jk ai fjkgtfjij y pmr ka mtrm su jk`mgstru``fðg m ski `mhm sk lig fjm `rkigjm ksis cmrhis jk fjkgtfjij i am airem jk ai lfstmrfi y `mhm lig amerijm gmrhiafzirsk, gituriafzirsk `mhm sf cukrig kstru`turis kskg`fiaks. 9. ½Tmr quæ piri kxpaf`ir kxpaf`ir ka prm`ksm jk ai cmrhi`fðg cmrhi`fðg jk fjkgtfjijks fjkgtfjijks ka iutmr lioai lioai jk ‑pmsfjkgtfjijks‘= Ai pmstfjkgtfjij sk rkcfkrk i mtris cfeuris pmsfoaks jk ai ai prmpfi fjkgtfjij, smork tmjm igtk ka jkofaftihfkgtm jk ais crmgtkris crmgtkris jk ai fjkgtfjij jk oisk, ka prkcfbm ‑pmst‘ hir`i ksk trégsftm pkrhigkgtk, sk triti jk ug hmvfhfkgtm pkrhigkgtk, gm jkcfgftfvm. 9. ½Yuæ vèg`uam vèg`uam pukjk kstioak`krsk kstioak`krsk kgtrk ka ‑huatf`uatur ‑huatf`uaturiafs iafshm‘ hm‘ y ai jksfeuiajij jksfeuiajij== Ka huatf`uaturiafshm quk ks ug jkofaftihfkgtm jk ais crmgtkris gi`fmgiaks jk tmji `aisk kg pms jk ai ugfvkrsiafjij, jmgjk sk prfmrfzi ai hkz`ai hkz`ai y ai jfvkrsfjij smork ai kstrf`tkz y ams jmehis quk `mgcmrhioig ais fjkgtfjijks gi`fmgiaks jka sfeam sfeam \\, quk supukstihkgtk supukstihkgtk hukstrig sksems khig`fpitmrfms sfkhprk tkrhfgig civmrk`fkgjm ai jksfeuiajij. Ka gukvm gukv m `ipftiafshm sk prkskgti `mhm jkckgsmr jk ai jfvkrsfjij prmhmvfkgjm ug tfpm jk afokrtij quk gug`i `ukstfmgi ai kx`ausfðg sm`fia, `iji vkz hiymr. 9. ½Zfkgk ½Zfkgk rkai`fðg rkai`fðg am igtkrfmr igtkrfmr `mg ai ‑tmakrig`fi ‑tmakrig`fi== Ai tmakrig`fi ks ai i`kpti`fðg jk am jfckrkgtk pkrm fgjujioakhkgtk kg kstk prm`ksm jk huatf`uaturiafshm jmgjk ai jksfeuiajij ks hir`i rkefstriji smaipiji pmr ugi fhiekg khig`fpitmrfi quk ks smam pigtiaai, ai tmakrig`fi `isf gm kxfstk, ka jfckrkgtk ks hkgms quk ym piri pmjkr rkfvfgjf`irhk igtk ug hugjm kg ka quk ais fgskeurfjijks smg ugm jk ams kck`tms `maitkriaks hés jiùfgms.

Biurkt`lk2

9-Ai Gi`fðg gm ks ugi rkiafjij, yi quk sk fgvkgtð fhpmgfkgjm ugi fjkmameèi sfg rkspktir ai kxfstkgtk.

 

?-Ka rma quk lig `uhpafjm ams sk`tmrks jmhfgigtks ks ka jk icfrhir ai jf`mtmhèi `fvfafzi`fðg - oiroirfk  piri sus okgkcf`fms. 0- pmrquk sk rkai`fmgð i `fvfafzi`fðg `mg am am Kurmpkm y i Oiroirfk `mg am Ihærf`igm, y jksjk æstk pugtm ka prmerksm gm sk jioi jksjk ai gituriakzi jk ais `msis sfgm jksjk ai sustftu`fðg jk kaai. :- Ai iatkrgitfvi skrèi pkgsir ai lfstmrfi gm `mhm gi`fðg sfggm `mhm `fvfafzi`fðg piri jkskstfhir ai jf`mtmhèi `fvfafzi`fðg - oiroirfk.

  Jirfm R

9-Ai fjkgtfjij li kstijm rkai`fmgiji `mg ai jfckrkg`fi, pmr am tigtm ka prmoakhi `mhfkgzi kg ka Mtrm y ka Mtrm ks ka quk gm kg`ibi pmr su prm`kjkg`fi hfxti m lforèji, æstms mtrms gm kg`ibig kg ai fjkgtfjij gi`fmgia trijf`fmgia, smg qufkgks pmr sus vèg`uams kxpamtig ai jf`mtmhèi kgtrk am rkia y am vfrtuia. Ai fjkgtfjij ks ugi `itkemrèi mgtmaðef`i, ai fjkgtfjij fgstiai i tmji kgtfjij kg am quk ks y pmr ksm ai vfg`uaihms `mg ka skr, `mhm prkskg`fi.Fjkgtfjij gm ks am hfshm h fshm quk feuiajij. Ka prmoakhi jk fjkgtfjij kg gukstrms tfkhpms ks quk gm kgtri qufkg gm tfkgk fjkgtfjij, ks jk`fr ka hfxtm, ihofeum, lèorfjm, kxtriùm, ka Mtrm.Ka quk gmhfgi ia Mtrm kbkr`k ug pmjkr smork ka mtrm quk kg`ibi m gm, ka quk gm kg`ibi gm kxfstk ( æstm am vkm kg ams ijmaks`kgtks `uigjm liy iaeugm/ i quk qukji cukri jka erupm pmr jfstfgtm/i y ak jf`kg Gm kxfstfs). Ka jkskg`ibijm hmaksti i ams piréhktrms jk ugi fjkgtfjij quk smpmrti `uiaqufkr cmrhi sfkhprk quk ai liyi. Liy ug mtrm tmakrioak m gm, pmsfoak m fhpmsfoak. Ka mtrm tmakrioak sk vukavk tmakrioak kg `uigtm `mg`kjk su mtrkjij piri skr i`kptijm, pfkrjk iaem prmpfm. ?- Ai fjkgtfjij yi gm ks ka `kgtrm jka `uia efri tmjm skgt skgtfjm. fjm. Ka jks`kgtrihfkgtm khpubi i ai fjkgtfjij i pisir sus prmpfms aèhftks, ks ug hmvfhfkgtm gm jkcfgfjm, pmr ksm ka prkcfbm pmst piri hir`ir ksk trégsftm pkrhigkgtk. Ks ug prm`ksm iofkrtm quk sk vi jkspfjfkgjm jk ai fjki jk fjkgtfjij pkgsigjm kg sè hfshm. Ka mtrm ksti ai `aivk, pkrm gm kg ka mtrm tmakrioak. Ksti fjkgtfjij ks `mg `mgtfgekgtk tfgekgtk pmrquk ksti kg hmvfhfkgtm, sk ji `mg ka kxtriùihfkgtm quk pukjk ekgkrir iutmjkckgsi m ipkrturi. 0- Ai huatf`uaturiafjij tfkgk quk vkr `mg ais hfxturis prmpfis jk ai eamoiafzi`fðg, jk ai fghferi`fðg  prmju`tm jk ais jfckrkg`fis sm`fiaks. Ka huatf`uaturiafshm huatf`uaturiafshm ks ka jkofaftihfkgtm jk ais crmgtkris gi`fmgiaks kg gmhork jk ug gukvm ugfvkrsiaèshm quk supmgk prfmrfzir ai hkz`ai y aaii jfvkrsfjij smork ai kstrf`tkz y ams jmehis `mg quk kstioig `mgcmrhijis ais fjkgtfjijks gi`fmgiaks jka sfeam 96. Kg gmhork jk kstm gm sk `ukstfmgi ai jksfeuiajij sm`fia.Ai jfvkrsfjij sk hkz`ai `mg mp`fmgks jk `mgsuhm y jfscrutk. [gi jk ais gukvis pmrkzis p mrkzis ks ai hferi`fðg piri smorkvfvfr, jmgjk ka hferigtk ks `mgsfjkrijm ug mtrm quk gm kg`ibi. :- Ai `mi``fðg piri ai `mgvkrsfðg y isè kg`ibir ks ka prmoakhi, ks iaaè jmgjk ka pirijèehi jk ai tmakrig`fi hukstri su jkofafjij, kg ai fhpmsfofafjij jk i``kjkr ia mtrm kg tigtm mtrm. Ka mtrm ks tmakrijm kg `uigtm ka mtrm jkbk jk aijm am gm tmakrioak, sk tmakri smam am tmakrioak, pkrm sk icfrhi ugi zmgi jk fgtmakrig`fi. Ka `mstm jk ai tmakrig`fi ks ka k a jksmtrihfkgtm. Liy ugi `ig`fðg jk Orugm Irfis tftuaiji "@myi kg ai `fujij" quk lioai jk æstm.[g `myi quk vfkgk i Os Is y piri quk am i`kptkg jkbi su akgeui, su cmrhi jk vkstfr, kt` y isè jkbi jk kxfstfr piri æa hfsh hfshm my  piri rk`mrjirsk quk kxfstk kg su smakjij tm`i su sfnu.

 

@istrm Eðhkz

9- Trmyk`tm jk euokrgiofafjij 2 Ka Kstijm Kstijm ks ka eirigtk piri ug mrjkg, piri aam m `uia sk jkokg ipaf`ir `rftkrfms ri`fmgiaks piri eufir i tmjms sus hfkhorms i ais hktis jkcfgfjis pmr pm r æa. Ais `fkg`fis sm`fiaks sfrvfkrmg piri æstk prmyk`tm jk mreigfzi`fðg y `mgtrma jk ai vfji luhigi pmrquk kri gk`ksirfm ugi moskrvi`fðg `fkgtècf`i jka hugjm sm`fia. @mg ksi fgcmrhi`fðg sk pmjèi rkiafzir y kbk`utir prmerihis euokrgihkgtiaks. Pk gk`ksftioi "ibustir" i ams lmhorks i ais pmaètf`is jk prmju``fðg.Zmjis ais pmaètf`is kstitiaks vkgjrég jkcfgfjis pmr ka fhpkritfvm burèjf`m jk hmjkrgfzi`fðg, ks jk`fr jfs`fpafgir jfs`fpafgir piri ka trioibm. Pk triti jk afeir i tmjms ams `fujijigms ia prm`ksm jk prmju``fðg hkjfigtk ka smhktfhfkgtm jk su tfkhpm y jk su `ukrpm i ugi skrfk jk gmrhis quk vkgèig akeftfhijis pmr ka `mgm`fhfkgtm.Pk fgvkgti ka mtrm.Liy trks pré`tf`is jfs`fpafgirfis quk `mgtrfouykg i cmrbir ia `fujijigm `fujij igm jka sfeam 962 Ais `mgstftu`fmgks, ams higuiaks jk uroigfjij y ais eréhitf`is jk ai akgeui.Ai akeftfhfjij jk ais trks jks`igsi kg ai ks`rfturi, pmr ksm ais fjkgtfjijks gi`fmgiaks sk aakvig i `iom pmr ai fhpakhkgti`fmg jk fgstftu`fmgks akeftfhijis pmr ai aktri y jfs`ursms jfs`ursms lkekhðgf`ms quk rkeaihkgtig ai `mgju`ti jk ams i`tmrks sm`fiaks, kstioak`kg crmgtkris kgtrk ugms y mtrms. Ai cug`fðg burèjf`m pmaètf`i jk ais `mgstftu`fmgks ks fgvkgtir ai `fujijigèi, ks jk`fr, `r `rkir kir ug `ihpm jk fjkgtfjij lkekhðgf`i quk lf`fkri vfioak ka prmyk`tm hmjkrgm jk euokrgiofafjij. Ai ks`ukai ks jmgjk sk cmrhi ksk subktm quk ams fjkiaks rkeuaitfvms jk ai `mgstftu`fðg kstioig rk`aihigjm. Pk ams jfs`fpafgi piri skr òtfaks i ai pitrfi , piri quk isuhig ug rma prmju`tfvm kg ai sm`fkjij. Ams higuiaks sk ks`rfofkrmg piri skr oukg `fujijigm. Ams higuiaks jk uroigfjij fgjf`ig `uia ks ka `mhpmrtihfkgtm i skeufr. Pk jfvfjk am pua`rm jk ai su`fkjij, `ipftia- prmvfg`fi, `fvfafzi`fðg-oiroirfk. [g prmyk`tm jk Gi`fðg tihofæg gk`ksfti jk kstiofafjij afgeufstf`i piri ai fhpakhkgti`fðg jk akyks y piri ci`faftir ais ttrigsi``fmgks rigsi``fmgks `mhkr`fiaks. Pk ous`i ug "oukg lioair". ?- I pirtfr jka `mamgfiafshm sk jé ka pmjkr jfs`fpafgirfm. Ka kstijm gm jkoèi skr pkgsijm `mhm ugi ugfjij iostri`ti skpiriji jk ais rkai`fmgks hugjfiaks quk sk jig i pirtfr jk 9:6? sfgm `mhm ugi cug`fðg ia fgtkrfmr jk ksk sfstkhi fgtkrgi`fmgia jk pmjkr. Ka sfstkhi sfstkhi hugjm hmjkrgfjij/`mamgfia sk ji  pmr ug fhiefgirfm quk kstioak`k jfckrkg`fis kgtrk `mamgfzijmmr y `mamgfzijm, rizi- `uaturi, am quk ekgkri fjkgtfjijks mpukstis. 0- Ka prmyk`tm jk hmjkrgfjij aakei i su cèg `uigjm ka kstijm gi`fmgia pfkrjk ai `ipi`fjij jk mreigfzir ai vfji sm`fia y hitkrfia jk ais pkrsmgis, i pirtfr jk ilf sk pukjk lioair jk eamoiafzi`fðg.Pk rkai`fmgi `mg Pmuzi Ji Pfavi pmrquk ais `iri`tkrèstf`is jk ai hmjkrgfjij kstig kg jktkrfmrm frrkvkrsfoak, ams kakhkgtms jk ai hmjkrgfjij pfkrjkg kstiofafjij y viafjkz. Ka pmjkr afofjfgia prktkgjk hmjkair ai tmtiafjij jk ai psf`mameèi jk ams fgjfvfjums jk cmrhi quk `iji ugm pukji `mgstrufr su suobktfvfjij sfg gk`ksfjij jk mpmgkrsk ia sfstkhi. Gm sk rkprfhkg ais jfckrkg`fis, sfgm quk sk ais kstfhuai y prmju`k

Fgtrmju``fmg i ai prmoakhétf`i jka hugjm `mgtkhpmrigkm.

 

Trkeugtis mrfkgtijmris Gæstmr Eir`èi @ig`afgf, @mgsuhfjmrks y `fujijigms. `fujijigms.

½Yuæ kgtfkgjk ka iutmr pmr ams `mg`kptms jk ‑`fujijigèi‘ y ‑`mgsuhm‘=

Ai `fujijigèi kstuvm ism`fijm i ai `ipi`fjij jk iprmpfirsk jk ams ofkgks y i ams hmjms jk usirams. @mgsuhfr li`kr eistms fgòtfaks m tkgkr `mhpuasfmgks frri`fmgiaks smork ais `msis y ijqufrfrais.ks I `rftkrfm `rftkrfm jka iutmr, ½qufægs kbkr`kg ai pakgi `fujijigèi kg ka prm`ksm eamoiafzijmr= ½T ½Tmr mr quæ=

½Yuæ jfckrkg`fi i ai ‑fgtkrgi`fmgiafzi`fðg‘ jk ai ‑eamoiafzi`fðg‘ kg ai `mgstftu`fðg jk ais fjkgtfjijks= ½Yuæ pipka bukei kg `iji ugi jk kaais ka Kstijm y ai pmaètf`i= ½Yuæ ci`tmrks fgcauykg kg ai jkofafjij jk ai ‑fjkgtfjij `fujijigi‘ y ka cmrtiak`fhfkgtm jk ai fjkgtfjij jk ‑`mgsuhfjmrks‘= Kzkqufka Ijihmvsny ‑ Lfstmrfi jk ais `aisks pmpuairks pmpuairks kg ai irekgtfgi. Jksjk 9