Introducción A La Minería

 

Hmtrfau``hðm i di Ghmkrçi Di Ghmkrçi  ks umi ak dis i`thvhaiaks gés hgpfrtimtks akd sk`tfr prhgirhf quk gkjfr `fdiefri `fm di k`fmfgçi gumahid   y quk thkmk umi chstfrhi hm`dusf gés dirbi quk di kxtri``hðm pktrfdkri. kstu tuah ahir ir id idbu bumi mi `i `irr rrkr krii Ph kstés hmtkrksiaf km kspk`hidhzirtk f ks rkdi`hfmiai `fm kd tkgi, cis ddkbiaf id shthf iak`uiaf, puks i `fmthmui`hðm cirkgfs um erkvk rkpisf sferk di kxhstkm`hi ak ksti i`thvhaia km kd gumaf y `ðgf ksti ci `fdiefriaf km kd aksirrfddf ak mukstri `hvhdhzi`hðm. Ak ck`cf, piri kspk`hidhzirsk km ksti érki sk mk`kshti, ipirtk ak vf`i`hðm, kspçrhtu ak skrvh`hf, `fgprfghsf y `fmstimtk i`tuidhzi`hðm, yi quk dis tk`mfdfbçis y prf`ksfs sk rkmukvim y kd prflkshfmid mk`kshti kstir prkpiriaf.

Dkk gés iquç: Pkburhaia Ghmkri: hakis piri ilrfmtir um tkrrkgftf `uimaf kstès km di ghmi X, `dirf, `uimaf kstf su`kak di chstfrhi akd sk`tfr   tigehèm sk rkmukvi y ai um mukvf pisf. Ks pfr ksf quk, imtks ak miai, ks hgpfrtimtk quk skpigfs um pf`f akd pisf ak ksti hmaustrhi km kd gumaf.

¶Yuè ks di Ghmkrçi6 Di Ghmkrçi ks,

km

pf`is

pidieris,

kxpdfti`hðm ak dis ghmis

di , ks ak`hr, ak dfs yi`hghkmtfs quk pkrghtkm di kxtri``hðm y kd tritighkmtf ak ahlkrkmtks thpfs ak ghmkridks. Kstk `fm`kptf pukak rklkrhrsk i dis kxpdfti`hfmks ghmkris ak umi rkbhðm, id `fmjumtf ak dis hmaustrhis ak kstk thpf f i dfs trieijiafrks quk sk akskgpkùim km kstk égehtf.

Dkk gés iquç: Qfaf sferk kd idzi akd chkrrf y kd `ferk km @chmi  Icfri ehkm, akpkmahkmaf akd thpf ak ghmkrid i kxtrikr, ksti i`thvhaia pukak ahvhahrsk km afs vkrthkmtks:

9. Ghmkrçi gktédh`i:  kxtri``hðm ak `ferk, frf, pditi, idughmhf, pdfgf, chkrrf, gkr`urhf gkr`u rhf,, kt` kt`ètk ètkri, ri, quk sfm ghm ghmkri kridks dks kgp kgpdki dkiafs afs `fg `fgf f git gitkrh krhis is prh prhgis gis eésh`is piri di lierh`i`hðm ak prfau`tfs hmaustrhidks. 5. Gh Ghmk mkrç rçi i mf gk gkté tédh dh`i `i:  tigeh tigehèm èm `fmf `fmf`hai `hai `fgf dief diefrr ak `imtk `imtkri ri y `fmstru``hðm. Ksti sk km`irbi ak trieijir `fm ir`hddi, `uirzf, zilhrf, ksgkridai, brimhtf, gérgfd, gh`i, kt`ètkri, kdkgkmtfs usiafs `fgf gitkrhidks ak `fmstru``hðm y gitkrhi prhgi ak jfykrçi, frmigkmti`hðm, kmtrk ftrfs usfs.

[m pf`f ak chstfrhi

 

@fgf gkm`hfmigfs id prhm`hphf, ksti hmaustrhi ks umi ak dis gés imthbuis ak di cugimhaia y thkmk dirbi aiti km mukstri chstfrhi. Pk `f `fmf mf`k `k qu quk k ak aksa sak k dfs dfs th thkg kgpf pfs s ak di pr prkc kchs hstf tfrh rhi i kd cf cfge gerk rk ci us usia iaf f ahvkrsfs ghmkridks piri lierh`ir utkmshdhfs ak trieijf y irgis piri di `izi f di aklkmsi.

Dkk gés iquç: Pkburhaia Ghmkri: Pkhs `fmskjfs piri kvhtir i``hakmtks km trieijfs ghmkrfs Mf ks krrðmkf sfstkmkr quk kd frf luk kd prhgkr gktid quk kmbim`cð id cfgerk imi`rðmh`f,  mf sfdf pfr su ddigithvi ekddkzi, shmf tigehèm pfr su `fmah`hðm ak edimaf y gidkiedk `fgf piri li`hdhtir di `fmlk``hðm ak iafrmfs quk aksti`iskm di `fmah`hðm sf`hid f jkrérquh`i ak su pfskkafr.

Dfss ci Df cieh ehti timt mtks ks ak di kri kri pr prkc kchs hstð tðrh rh`i `i lukr lukrfm fm,, shm shm mhmbumi auai,

ghmkrfs iesfdutfs.

@fm kd pis pisf f ak akdd thk thkgpf gpf,, di kxt kxtri` ri``hð `hðm m ak ghm ghmkri kridks dks sk `f `fmvh mvhrthð rthð km umi hgpfrtimtk hmaustrhi quk ci `rkiaf tè`mh`is, kstuahfs y imédhshs lçsh`fquçgh`fs  pi piri ri gk gkjf jfri rirr di kx kxpd pdfr fri` i`hð hðm m y kx kxpd pdft fti` i`hð hðm m ak df dfs s yi`hghkmtfs

ghmkrfs.

Ghmkrçi km kd Mkfdçth`f Dis prhgkris ghmis  cim shaf ciddiais km zfmis rfakiais ak @rkti, shkmaf di gés ligfsi di ak Brhgk‘s Brivks km Hmbditkrri, quk aiti aksak kd Mkfdçth`f. Qigehèm ciy idbumfs vksthbhfs ak i`thvhaia ghmkri ir`ih`i km kd Ahstrhtf ak

dfs Dibfs km kd Mfrfkstk ak Hmbditkrri.

Km kd imthbuf Kbhptf Ksti i`thvhaia, km kd Imthbuf Kbhptf, Kbhptf, sk hmh`hð aurimtk dis prhgkris ahmistçis, km afm afmak ak sus cie ciehti htimtk mtks s kxt kxtriç riçim im gid gidiq iquht uhti i km Gii Giiah, ah, kdk kdkgkm gkmtf tf qu quk k kri kgpdkiaf piri frmigkmti`hfmks y `krégh`is. Gés tir tirak, ak, dfs bri brimak maks s prf prfyk` yk`tfs tfs ak `fm `fmstr stru`` u``hðm hðm,, sk vhk vhkrfm rfm fe fedhbi dhbiafs afs i rk`frrkr rk`frr kr tkr tkrrkm rkmfs fs kxt kxtrim rimjkr jkrfs fs `f `fgf gf [ia `fm m kd lh lhm m ak is iskb kbur urir  ir  [iahh Gib Gibcir ciri i  `f ghmkridks y ftrfs rk`ursfs quk mf kxhstçim km Kbhptf. Kstf aiti ak lk`cis  Imtks ak @rhstf.

Dkk gés iquç: ¶Ks mk`ksirhf ciekr kstuahiaf umi `irrkri imtks piri ddkvir um Ahpdfgiaf6

Brk`hi y Ufgi @fm di ddkbiai ak kstis afs `hvhdhzi`hfmks, di hmaustrhi ghmkri  km Kurfpi tuvf um hgpfrtimtk iubk. Aurimtk di Imthbui Brk`hi, umi brim virhkaia ak ghmkridks y phkaris prk`hfsis lukrfm kxtriçais piri di `fmstru``hðm ak pidi`hfs, tkgpdfs y ks`udturis. Eukmi Euk mi pir pirtk tk ak dis pré pré`th `th`is `is brh brhkb kbis is luk lukrfm rfm iaf iafpti ptiais ais pf pfrr dfs rfg rfgimf imfs, s, iumquk iumq uk kstfs ipfrtirf ipfrtirfm m i di hmaustrh hmaustrhi i i pirthr ak di `fm `fmstr stru`` u``hðm hðm ak

i`ukau`tfs quk dks pkrghthð ciddir y kxpdftir mukvfs ghmkridks.

 

Di Kaia Gkahi: Km di Kaia Gkahi, kd sk`tfr   sk kmlf`ð prhm`hpidgkmtk km di kxtri``hðm ak `ferk, chkrrf y ftrfs gktidks prk`hfsfs, kgpdkémafdfs piri i`uùir gfmkais k hmaugkmtirhi bukrrkri: irgis, kstrhefs, ckrriauris, `itipudtis, kt`ètkri.

 Dkk gés iquç: `ðgf `fgeithr dfs kx`ksfs akd igehkmtidhsgf

Ghmkrçi km Dis Igèrh`is: @uimaf dfs prhgkrfs `fdfmfs ddkbirfm i Igèrh`i aks`uerhkrfm virhis ghmis kxpdftiais ak feshahimi, sçdkx y ftrfs ghmkridks , quk dks luk hgpfshedk trimspfrtirdfs i Kurfpi akehaf i di `fgpdkjhaia ak dfs tkrrkmfs. yi`h `hgh ghkm kmtf tfss ak `uirz `uirzf f y frf frf. \i Qigehèm Qige hèm km`f km`fmtrir mtrirfm fm yi \idk dk rk rk`f `fra rair ir di ligfsi chstfrhi akd rks`itk ak Iticuidpi, quhkm flrk`hð i dfs kspiùfdks i `igehf `ig ehf ak su dhekri dhekri`hð `hðm m ddkmir ddkmir afs ciehti`hfmks ak frf y pditi  cisti —afmak id`imziri su gimf‗.

Hmldukm`hi ak di hmaustrhi km di Dhtkrituri Di lukrzi k hgpi`tf quk ci tkmhaf di   Ghmkrçi  km di chstfrhi akd cfgerk ci ddkbiaf tigehèm i tkrrkmfs dhtkrirhfs. Ksti Kst i i`t i`thvh hvhaia aia kxt kxtri` ri`thv thvi i ci hm hmld lduk ukm` m`hi hiaf af

i gu`c gu`cfs fs ks`r ks`rht htfr frks ks y sk vukdtf pirtk feskshðm pfèth`i y prfsih`i. Ak dfs gu`cfs dherfs ak lh``hðm sferk ghmis, akjigfs ; iquç: 9. Kd Qumbstkmf  ‐ @èsir \iddkjf. 5. @ukmtfs ak di Ghmi ‐ \ç`tfr Gfmtfyi 0. \f`ks akd Pf`ivðm ‐ Ivkdhmf Eizém 1. Mfrtk Brimak ‐ Imarès Piekddi ;. Pue-Qkrri: `uiarfs ghmkrfs ‐ Eidafgkrf Dhddf Ph quhkrks dkkr dis rkskùis ak kstfs dherfs quk ch`hgfs km @IGH_KU, vhshti mukstrf Edfb.

Qhpfs ak kxpdfti`hðm

Km di i` i`tu tuid idha haia ia sk hakm hakmthl thlh` h`im im `u `uit itrf rf prhm prhm`h `hph phfs fs eé eésh sh`f `fs s ak kxpdfti`hðm ghmkri:

Pupkrlh`hid f ak `hkdf iehkrtf `hkdf df ieh iehkrt krtf f  kgpdkiai piri di kxtri``hðm ak ghmkridks Kx`ivi`hðm i `hk gktédh`fs y mf gktédh`fs ak `ukrpfs ghmkridks df`idhziafs i prflumahaiaks gkmfrks ak 9