Intro to IxNetwork Feb 2012

Introduction to IxNetwork

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26601 Agoura Rd. Calabasas, CA 91302 (Toll Free US) 1 .877.FOR.IXIA (Int’l) +1.818.871.1800 (Fax) 818.871.1805 www.ixiacom.com

COURSE # 985-0200 February, 2012

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Copyright © 2012 Ixia. All rights reserved. This publication may not be copied, in whole or in part, without Ixia’s consent. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(II) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. Ixia, the Ixia logo, and all Ixia brand names and product names in this document are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Ixia in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. This material is for informational purposes only and subject to change without notice. It describes Ixia’s present plans to develop and make available to its customers certain products, features and functionality. Ixia is only obligated to provide those deliverables specifically included in a written agreement between Ixia and the customer. Corporate Headquarters

Ixia Worldwide Headquarters 26601 W. Agoura Rd. Calabasas, CA 91302 USA (877) FOR IXIA (877-367-4942) +1 (818) 871-1800 (International) (FAX) +1 (818) 871-1805 [email protected]

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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Table of Contents IxNetwork Introduction

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Module 1 – Port Management

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Lab 1 – Port Management

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Lab 2A: BGP Protocol Configuration

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Lab 2b: OSPF Protocol Configuration

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Module 3 – Basic Traffic Wizard

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Lab 3: Basic Traffic Wizard

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Module 4 – Advanced Traffic Wizard

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Lab 4: Advanced Traffic Wizard

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Module 5 – Quick Flow Groups

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Lab 5: Raw Traffic using Quick Flow Groups

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Appendix A Parameter Tables

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IxNetwork Introduction

Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork Introduction Overview IxNetwork is a tool for testing routing, switching, authentication and access protocols. We will cover the basic routing protocol configuration process and perform through a general workflow a test for generating traffic over advertised routes using various methods of measuring and evaluating the performance and operational integrity of a router, switch or system under test. The emphasis of this course is on traffic generation and measurement. The subtleties of individual protocol technologies and configuration are covered in separate courses available through Ixia as lecture/lab or online e-learning courses.

IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Introduction to IxNetwork

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Agenda IxNetwork Introduction – What is IxNetwork? – Key features – IxNetwork use cases

IxNetwork Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. –

Port management Protocol configuration Traffic wizard Test Composer Quick Tests Traces and diagnosis

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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What Is IxNetwork?

Ixia’s IxNetwork is a performance verification tool for – Routers – Switches – Layer 2/3 forwarding devices

By running large scale protocol emulations Generate high emulated user traffic load

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

What Is IxNetwork?

Monitoring and reporting: – – – – – – – – –

Throughput Packet loss Latency Latency Variation (Jitter) Sequential delivery metrics – duplicate packets Data Integrity Misdirected packets Convergence Time Packets and packet contents – preview & capture

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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IPv4 and IPv6 Protocols Supported Routing/VPN

Multicast

BGP, BGP+, MBGP

IGMPv2/v3, MLDv1/v2

OSPFv2, OSPFv3

PIM-SMv4/v6, PIM-SSMv4/v6

ISISv4, ISISv6

Bridging and Switching

RIP, RIPng

Native VLAN/Ethernet

EIGRP

LACP

BFD

STP, RSTP, MSTP, PVST+, RPVST+

LDP, RSVP-TE

L2 MPLS VPN, VPLS (both LDP and BGP based) L3 MPLS VPN, Multicast VPN, Multicast VPNv6

CFM / Y.1731 / PBB-TE Link-OAM FCoE Client

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IPv4 and IPv6 Protocols Supported Access DHCPv4/v6 PPPoX L2TP Authentication / Authorization 802.1x – NAC - (L2NAC) – EAPoUDP - (L3NAC)

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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Key Features Key Features Graphical test wizards for easy set up of protocols and traffic Multi-port grid for fast, scaleable configuration across multiple ports Extensive functional depth on protocols and options Comprehensive protocol and per-flow traffic statistics for detailed troubleshooting and analysis – Managed Flow Groups (16,000 maximum) – Receive and measure flows (4 Million maximum)

Ingress and Egress Tracking on any field Test Composer for automation to dynamically emulate network instabilities QuickTest suite from IxAutomate for complex iterative testing 8 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Key Features Traffic Wizards – Coordinates signatures, times stamps, etc on both transmit and receive ports – Includes packet editor

Quick Tests – predefined tests over emulated topologies – Dynamic or static routes – RFC 2544 Throughput, Latency, Frame Loss and Back to Back – Custom tests: Continuous / Fixed Duration, Step, Throughput

Statistics – Control Plane or Data plane only – By port, flow, or custom drill down – Flow Detective – Highlight abnormal behavior between test results

Save and retrieve entire configuration but selectively apply: – – – –

Ports Protocols Wizard configurations Traffic stream configurations

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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IxNetwork – Key Feature Integrated Control Plane Emulation Data Plane Traffic Generation Real-Time Traffic/Protocol Analysis

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork – Control Plane Comprehensive Wizards – Wizards make complicated jobs easier – Configure protocols, traffic generation/analysis, and tests – 22 Protocol Wizards and 3 Traffic Wizards

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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IxNetwork FT Replaces IxRouter

Installed independently with IxNetwork for IxExplorer

Provides ARP & Ping for IxExplorer Installed automatically on chassis

Selectively installed on client PC – Must have IxExplorer installed first – Same licensing

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Migration From IxRouter to IxNetwork FT IxNetwork FT contains all API calls supported by IxRouter – Including stream generation (IxExplorer style) – IxRouter scripts are 100% compatible with IxNetwork FT

ScriptGen can still be used to convert the protocol & stream configuration to TCL scripts Existing port (.prt) and line module (.crd) files can be directly imported to IxNetwork – Protocol configuration only – Traffic stream configuration cannot be imported.

Must remove IxRouter from both client and server

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Connecting / Disconnecting Test Session IxNetwork provides the concept of test session – A test session coordinates all TX and RX ports simultaneously.

Control and measurements are done by IxNetwork test application running on client PC – when normally terminated: – The test session will stop – Port ownership will be released

Work-around to keep test running is to run IxNetwork from a remote desktop connection or Terminal Server – User will login remotely to run IxNetwork. – Users will be able to disconnect and re-connect to the test session running on remote desktop or Terminal Server without logging out.

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork Installation IxNetwork is a client-server application – Client components installed in Windows PC, including Stats Engine, GUI client, SQL Server , .net framework & License Registration Utility (LRU) – Server components installed in Ixia chassis, including Hardware Manager, Stats Engine, IxNetwork server & License Registration Utility (LRU)

IxNetwork client & server installation requires Pentium 4 PC with 512MB of RAM and 600MB of hard drive space 1 GB RAM required for stateful traffic IxNetwork license (per protocol) Analyzer license for enhanced features of the analyzer IxExplorer must be installed for Quick Test feature

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License Management Register licenses to enable individual protocol features

All protocol components will be locked to ONE Ixia chassis – I.E., you only need to order one OSPF protocol per chassis – It’s a single license with all protocols included

Without protocol license, user can configure protocol and traffic by cannot run the protocol Allows user to specify alternate location of License Server (connected chassis is default). – To change the location, select Help Menu  Licensing. – Use diagnostics in IRU to ensure or test license accessibility.

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork—Sample Use Case Use Case: Validate the performance and scalability of enterprise routers – Emulate various protocol topologies to characterize the performance of enterprise router. – Scenarios can be simulated without setting up a large network – Measure the scalability limit of enterprise routers before actual deployment

Traffic

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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IxNetwork Configuration and Operation

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

IxNetwork Test Configuration Workflow 1.

Select chassis and ports — Port Management

2.

Run protocol configuration wizard to set up the emulated topology

3.

Fine tune the emulated topology with the multi-port configuration grid — Protocol resource tree

4.

Run the protocol – evaluate and troubleshoot configuration

5.

Traffic Wizard – configure traffic streams based on the emulated topology – – –

Basic Traffic wizard Advanced Traffic wizard Quick Flow Groups

6.

Modify the emulated topology & protocol parameters “on-the-fly”

7.

Modify some traffic parameters “on-the-fly” – –

8.

Frame size (distribution) Tx rate

More complex iterative testing – –

Test Composer Quick Tests 19

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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GUI layout – Configuration Screen

Chassis and Port configuration

Navigation Icons

Control & Configuration

Protocol Confguration Parameters Window 20 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

IxNetwork Introduction

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Introduction to IxNetwork

GUI layout – Statistics Screen Control & Configuration

Data Plane Port Statistics

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Glossary CFM – Connectivity Fault Management OAM – Operations Administration & Management FCoE – Fiber Channel over Ethernet PBB-TE – Provider Backbone Bridging with Traffic Engineering BFD – Bidirectional Forwarding Detection DCB – Data Center Bridging PRBS – Pseudo Random Bit Stream PFC – Priority-based Flow Control MPLS – Multi-protocol label switching LDP – Label Distribution Protocol

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IxNetwork Introduction

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Port Management

Module 1 – Port Management Introduction The first step in the workflow for IxNetwork is the allocation of ports, either actual chassis port or virtual ports if physical hardware is unavailable. This module will cover the process of setting up the ports for testing. There are two approaches for configuring port parameters. Either directly through a parameter table or grid or through a conventional windows dialogue box. Changes made through the dialogue box will not take effect until the box is closed via the OK button. Conversely, those changes can be disregarded via the cancel button. Changes through the grid can be individually undone or redone and only take effect all at once upon selecting an accept button.

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Port Management

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Port Management

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Module 1 – Port Configuration

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Port Management

Module Learning Objectives After completing this module, students will be able to: •

Allocate and configure Ixia chassis ports for testing protocols and generating traffic

•

To accomplish this, students will:

•

Allocate a chassis if available

•

Select and take ownership of ports connected to DUT

•

Optionally configure various L1/L2 parameters for test

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Port Management Users have two choices to set up port — add Unassigned or Assigned ports Assigned port – Associated with a chassis hardware – Configuration is sync’d with chassis hardware every 5 seconds or on demand – can be moved to other Ixia hardware by directly reassigning ports

Unassigned port – configuration can be performed without available hardware resource – can not send/receive packets – assigned to chassis ports to apply configuration

Released Port – Temporarily detaches an assigned port from the hardware – Configuration sync is suspended – Allows for hot-swapping chassis modules while application runs

Ports from a saved configuration can be mapped to a different chassis

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Port Management

User Management IxOS/IxRouter can run with or without user login – loose and unsecured user management – retains ownership on exit IxNetwork enforces port ownership for every test session – Users use the default login:

IxNetwork / “Computer Host Name” / “Login ID” – Preferences allow an alternate login name if desired

Once the port is used by a user, the login name will be visible on port picker menu

Users have the option to force ownership release of the ports and destroy existing user’s test session Ownership automatically released when application terminated

IxServer will record change of ownership in server log

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Port Management

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Select a chassis—Port management

Add chassis to view ports status— – – – – – – –

Blue Check — port is owned by current client Green — available port, link up Red — available port, link down Green with X — owned by someone else, link up Red with X — owned by someone else, link down Empty circle with Red X — unassigned / released port Grey — no communication with port CPU (port is resetting / rebooting)

The ownership of ports may be released with right click option 27 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

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Port Management

Assigned Port Steps

Step 1 Select chassis(es) Step 2 (Clear ownership if necessary, then) Select unowned ports from chassis – Assign and add new ports

Step 3 Ports will be assigned and reset to factory default Step 4 Can also reboot and reset ports any time afterwards Step 5 Optionally set additional L1/L2 parameters & apply

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Port Management

Unassigned Port Steps

Step 1 Add offline ports

Step 2 Indicate the number of ports and the L1 port type Step 3 After selecting (OK) add’l L1/L2 parameters can be applied (no apply) Step 4 Proceed to configure protocols and traffic – will not Tx/Rx

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Port Management

Assigned Ports to Unassigned Ports Steps

Step 1 Select chassis(es) Step 2 (Clear ownership if necessary, then) Select unowned ports from chassis – Assign to remaining or to selected ports

Step 3 Ports will be assigned and set to port configuration Step 4 Can also reboot and reset ports any time afterwards Step 5 Optional set additional L1/L2 parameters & apply

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Student Lab To successfully complete the lab (Hint)

– Instructor will provide chassis IP address – Refer to appendix A for port assignments – Use your assigned number to select your ports – Do not steal ports from other students! – Make sure nobody steals your ports!

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Port Management

Discussion Question 1: What are the different ways to bring up the L1 configuration window?

Question 2: How do you confirm the ports are available to you for configuration?

Question 3: What is left unchanged after you reset a port to factory default? ...after you reboot the port?

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Things to Remember About this Lab If you are uncertain of the chassis or ports, configure unassigned ports. Under certain conditions, ports are released – you must reconnect to use those ports again.

Capture and Measure modes are normally mutually exclusive except for certain load modules. It is always a good idea to reboot ports that appear to be behaving strangely – configurations can always be reapplied. Port reset to factory default is an option and can be changed to keep & pull down existing configuration

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Port Management

Lab 1 – Port Management Overview The first step in using IxNetwork is to allocate ports, either real or virtual (offline) for subsequent protocol and traffic configuration. Numerous options are available for setting additional L1 and L2 parameters to coincide with the requirements of the test procedure and to correspond with the load modules in the Ixia chassis. In this lab we will allocate the ports to be used in subsequent lab exercises and demonstrate various ways to manage and manipulate the port status and parameters.

Lab Objectives Students who complete this lab will be able to: 

Assign and control port ownership for IxNetwork.



Control the various L1 parameters of their ports.



Save these parameters for subsequent invocations of IxNetwork.

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Test Topology See Figure 1 for the topology of this test. This topology diagram shows the physical wiring and layout of the Ixia chassis, as well as the devices that are used for running the tests.

Figure 1: Port Management Topology

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Port Management

Description of Lab Procedure This test procedure will consist of the following major steps as listed below. A. Connect to a chassis – IP address to be provided by instructor. B. Allocate ports from that chassis. C. Manipulate the various L1/L2 and other parameters for the ports useful for subsequent testing. D. Reset and reboot ports in preparation for subsequent lab exercises.

Procedure 1. Acquire your user number from your instructor before proceeding with this lab. Your number will determine your PC, chassis ports and IP address assignments as indicated in Appendix A. 2. If not done already, connect to your assigned PC and start up IxNetwork on your desktop. 3. In the Test Configuration window, select Ports. Select the “Add Ports” button in the ribbon at the top. If you do not see it, click on “Ports” on left hand side of window, or select the “Home” menu at the top.

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Port Management

4. On the left side of the screen labeled Chassis in your Network, select the “+” button to choose a chassis. The instructor will provide the IP address of the chassis management port. Enter it and select OK. Wait for the chassis connection to be established which will display as a green circle.

5. Expand the card(s) your ports are on, highlight those ports, and select the double arrow button to add and assign those ports. Click on OK.

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6. Wait for the ports to reset where they will return to green. A frequent need to adjust column width in tables to display the values or header entries can be done by right clicking in the header row and selecting Best Fit (all columns). 7. The Port Manager screen provides a table displaying many of the L1 and chassis port behavior parameters and they can be modified from this table as well. The large number of parameters would make the table inconveniently wide. At the bottom of the display there are two tabs labeled General and Ethernet which when selected will display a table with a select subset of parameters. Select Ethernet tab to display those related parameters.

8. If you click in the “Speed Ethernet” cell, there is a drop-down menu. Uncheck “Auto Negotiate” and you will then be able to select a specific speed and duplex. Click OK at the bottom of this drop down window.

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9. Note at the top of the screen, an Apply and Undo button are now selectable. The changes you make here are not downloaded to the chassis until you select Apply. Until then, you can Undo your changes one at a time, or reverse that and Redo your changes one at a time. Once you select the Apply button, you will not be able to undo or redo anything that had been done up to this point. Make sure that you select Undo to set back to Auto Negotiate!

10. You may create a customized table displaying only those parameters you are interested in. At the lower left bottom of the table, select the tab to the right most. Holding the cursor over this will result in a pop up balloon stating Create New page. Click on this tab to display a dialog that will allow you to pick and choose fields for your newly created tab.

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Port Management

11. Your table starts out with 3 default columns to which you can add. Expand Ethernet on the left, select all items and move them to the right side using the center arrow. From here, expand the General entry and select Connection Status and move to the right. Then select OK.

12. At the bottom you will see a new tab called New Grid. If you select it, your custom table will display. Right click in the tab and select Rename from drop down menu.

13. Rename the grid to “My Grid”. Remember to use the checkmark on the right side of the rename window to accept your changes.

14. If you wish to modify the column fields in an existing table, right click in the header row and select Column Chooser. The chooser in the previous step will reappear allowing you to add, remove, or reorder the columns.

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Port Management

15. Return to the General tab. Right click on your second port and select Simulate Link Down. That port will now turn red. 16. Right click in the column called “Connection Status” and select the “Group By This Column” option.

17. Although more useful when there are more ports to work with, you can see the table has now divided up the grouping of ports based on the state described in a new title line.

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Port Management

18. If you want to go back to the default view, right click on the tabs at the bottom and select “Restore Default”. Make sure to simulate link up for the second port so that both ports show link up!

19. An alternative and more conventional way to configure L1 parameters is to click on the “Edit L1 Properties” button at the top of the window.

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20. This will bring up a Layer 1 Configuration screen from which you can select each port in turn on the left and the tab for the L1 parameters on the right. Note that here, there is no undo operation and selecting the OK button is the same as selecting Apply. Click Cancel to return to the Port Manager Screen (see screen shot above). 21. Under the Name column, enter a more useful port name as Port 1 and Port 2.

22. Select the first port by left clicking in the left most (numbered) column. Hold down the shift key and select the second port. Both ports are now selected and highlighted. Right click anywhere in the highlighted area and select Reboot CPU + Factory Default. When the green circle returns for each port, the configuration will back in its original state which will be required for subsequent lab exercises.

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Module 2 – Protocol Configuration Overview The protocol configuration wizard provides a fast and convenient way to perform the initial configuration of complex protocols where manual configuration has a high chance of error. This module will review the use of the wizard to perform a configuration and the fine tuning of the configuration parameters afterwards to suit the requirements of the test scenario.

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Configuring Protocols

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Module Learning Objectives After completing this module, students will be able to: •

Configure and run routing protocols across multiple ports on Ixia chassis through a DUT or SUT

•

To accomplish this, students will:

•

Use the protocol wizard

•

Set protocol parameters directly

•

Run protocol and diagnose any errors in your configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

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Protocol Configuration via Wizard

Highly recommended that the protocol wizards be used initially Minimal parameters required to ensure minimal working configuration – provide values for first port / first router only – Values for remaining ports and routers will be computed by wizard

Customizations and enhancement may be done upon completion Makes troubleshooting mis-configurations much simpler Must own at least one port (assigned or unassigned) 36 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Wizard Screens

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Fine Tuning

Fine tune your configuration by selecting protocol on left side. Select a column or group of cells, right click, and select a functional relation among the cells for fast parameter settings. If protocol is running, changes generally take effect immediately. 38 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Enable Graphics for Statistics

From the Home menu at the top, select the Test Options button. Select for the protocol for which you want to view graphs.

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Starting the Protocols

Start single configured protocol

All protocols on all ports

Start protocol on single port

Select a port and click the Start Button Select a port, right click and select “Start Protocol”

Select the protocol folder (text) right click and select “Start Protocol” Select the “Start Protocol” button on the tool bar (visible from all windows Select start from Port Trace window

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Graphic Views of Stats & Protocol States

Protocol states will display as pie charts – Pie segment reflect state of routers per port – Color coded against legend to reflect current protocol state – Move cursor over pie chart or table cell to highlight additional information

Traffic stats will display as a line graph Line graphs include additional display parameters to make viewing easier and more interesting 41 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Lab Steps

Step 1: Allocate ports Step 2: Run protocol wizard per protocol

Step 3: Fine Tune the configuration to match test requirements Step 4: Start up the protocol and verify operation Step 5: Evaluate and diagnose protocol operation

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Student Lab •

To successfully complete the lab (Hint) Make sure the ports allocated in prior lab are up and active.

Use IP addresses as provided in Appendix according to your assigned number FIRST examine protocol interface table for errors

– ! Means ARP failed – bad address/gateway?? Errors made in the wizard should be corrected by rerunning the wizard Reset & Reboot port if port behavior becomes strange and just reapply wizard configuration

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Lab 2a - BGP Topology

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Lab 2b - OSPF Topology

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Discussion Question 1: What are the 6 ways to start a protocol running?

Question 2 Which protocols are supplemented with an aggregated state diagram?

Question 3: How to you get changes to the protocol configuration to take effect?

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Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Things to Remember About this Lab Running the protocol wizard to finish shuts down the protocol on all ports select in first screen Only stateful protocols have a state diagram graph Through the port, bring up a dynamic log to troubleshoot misconfiguration problems Use protocol statistics to confirm proper operation of protocol Supplement your evaluation by examining table on the DUT!!

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Lab 2A: BGP Protocol Configuration The Border Gateway Protocol version 4 is the standard exterior gateway protocol (EGP) for ISP’s and large enterprise networks that desire a close interaction with the Internet to control routing through their domain. This protocol is designed to handle extremely large routing tables, aggregate routes to reduce routing table lookups and do so with minimal loss of information to select the best path to destination networks. With network topology changes, it converges at a moderate speed, faster than RIP, but slower than OSPF. Since changes will have a wide impact across thousands of routers, a dampening mechanism is used to reduce traffic loss in consideration of instabilities. It is imperative that with a mixed vendor environment across autonomous systems, interoperability is ensured, and high volumes of network traffic are handled in consideration of network layer reachability changes as they propagate through the BGP routing domain. In an ISP environment, typical BGP routers can be peered with a few dozen other routers. The Ixia will test the router by simulating a large number of peer connections, generating and advertising a controlled number of routes and forwarding controlled traffic to determine the effects and behavior of the router.

Objectives The student is required to create an AS topology for BGP consisting of three IBGP and three EBGP peer connections per port as shown in the following diagram. Bidirectional traffic will be sent to verify the routing table forwarding process. The AS path and origin will be manipulated to demonstrate how the DUT will receive and advertise these attributes and influence the DUT’s route selection process. 

Using the wizard, configure BGP on 2 ports.



Diagnose, evaluate and observe the running protocol statistics and logs.

01 Ago ura Roa d Cala bas as, CA 913 02 [Toll Free US 1. 877. FOR .IXIA )

Module 2 – Protocol Configuration

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Topology One port on the Ixia will emulate three EBGP peer connections while a second port will emulate three IBGP peer connections. All will advertise a range of 10 networks in a single update message so all will share common attributes. All configuration parameters are found in Table 1 in Appendix A.

Figure 2. Logical Lab Topology

Figure 3. Physical Lab Topology

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Lab Procedure NOTE: Allocate your ports. You may selectively allocate a subset of ports for your own testing purposes on the DUT. You may not allocate ports that have been assigned to other testers. Your ownership is fully authenticated to your own computer and login. Ownership will be maintained until you explicitly relinquish the ports or terminate IxNetwork. 1. Continue with the port assignment from Lab 1. Note: Configuring BGP on the ports. For convenience and speed, it is highly recommended that you use the protocol wiza rd for the initial configuration of the ports. You may then proceed to make additional changes or additions with a high confidence that there will be minimal chance of failure to provide a complete or correct configuration. 2. Make sure you are on the Home menu, and select the “Add Protocols” button from the top ribbon to bring up the Protocol Wizard.

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3. Select BGP and launch the wizard using the parameters in Table 1 of Appendix A.

4. Select the first port only. This configuration will be used as a “template” for the second port. Select Next.

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5. In the second screen, select Configure Topology & Generate. Indicate that there will be 3 peer routers emulated by the Ixia chassis off this port. For the lab exercise, we will provide all Network Layer information through the wizard in subsequent screens. Note: The alternative is to provide a BGP RIB acquired from the text output of show ip bgp on the router. The file containing this raw text can be imported into the wizard appearing to have been acquired from an IBGP peer on the side of the virtual router facing away from the DUT.

6. Assign peer addresses from the lab parameter table 1 in Appendix A. Since we are configuring only one port, the increment per port will not be significant. Click “Next” after you’ve filled in the entries as described below.

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a. IP type—Select “IPv4.” b. Emulated Peer IP Address — Enter the IP address of the first Ixia router port from table in table 1 in appendix A. Addresses for the remaining emulated routers are computed by the wizard from the increment provided. c. Gateway address will be automatically filled in since it must be on the same subnet. d. Increment Per Router — is used to compute the address of the next peer address connected on the same port by adding this to each succeeding value. Not used if the number of peers per port is just 1. e. Increment Per Port — If multiple ports were selected in the first wizard screen, this value would be added to the first router IP to compute the first router address on each additional port. f.

DUT Information — Scroll down to the area labeled DUT Information and use the Peer IP address of 10.10.10.10 which is an internal interface address of the DUT. The increment remains 0.0.0.0 for all subsequent routers. Select Next.

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7. Select the default BGP type “Internal.” Generate 10 routes per peer and specify the first route of the range for the first peer from Appendix A. Set the increment to add to the first byte for the next peer—“1.0.0.0.” After entering below values, select “Next >.”

a. BGP Type—Either Internal or External for all peers on all ports selected from the wizard screen #1. b. Local AS Number—of the Ixia. Will -increment per peer if type is External. Will not change if type is Internal. c. Advertise routes—optionally you can advertise one range of routes per peer using the wizard. d. Number of routes per peer—how many networks will be advertised in a single update message. All will share common attributes. One route range is created! e. First route—the address of the first network in the range. Subsequent network addresses in the range will be incremented on netid boundary based on the mask. f.

Increment by—the first route in the route range will be incremented by this value for the next peer and the mask will again be used to generate a range of networks to be advertised.

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8. Give your configuration the name “Internal” and select “Generate and Overwrite All Protocol Configuration” to clear other configs on the ports. Select Finish to return to the general wizard screen.

9.

Double click Internal, the configuration you just created, to launch the wizard, but as you step through the screens, make the following changes:

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a. Screen 1: Deselect the first and select only the second port.

b. Screen 2: Skip —just select Next>. c. Screen 3: Set the emulated peer address according to the appendix for the second port. The Gateway address will automatically change. You also need to select “Same As Gateway” for the DUT Information.

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d. Screen 4: Set the BGP type as External e. Enter the correct AS number as described in the appendix. This will be unique to each student. f.

Enter an increment by 1.

g. Change the First route as indicated for the second port in the appendix.

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h. Screen 5: Save this configuration with the name “External” and click on Finish.

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10. You should now see both wizard configurations in the protocol wizard window. Select Close to close the wizard window.

11. Verify protocol interface by issuing PING command to the DUT interface. Under Protocol Configuration on left hand side of window in resource tree, select Protocol Interfaces. The middle pane should now show you your two ports (see screen capture below). Right click on one of your ports and select “Ping” from the pop-out menu. Ping either or both of the gateway addresses. You may need to retry this until it succeeds. If you see a red exclamation mark ! in the Port Link Column, there has been an ARP failure, typically the result of setting a wrong IP address. Re-run the wizard configuration to correct this error.

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12. Next we will try to ping. Remember we are going to ping the gateway addresses. You cannot ping all the way through to the emulated routers. When you send Ping, it often fails the first time. Click the button multiple times to see if the ping is successful. You can either use the “Ping” button at the top of the window, or right click on an interface and select “Ping”.

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13. Move back to the Home tab then select Test Options then Stat Viewer Options in the ribbon at the top of the screen. Remember you have to be in the Home menu to see these buttons!

14. Select and enable both of your ports for each of: a. Tx/Rx Frame Rate Statistics b. BGP Aggregated State Counts 15. Close this window and your changes will be automatically saved.

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16. Go back to Protocol Configuration and select BGP/BGP+ under the resource tree. Click the 3rd tab over in middle pane called IPv4 Peers. It’s hard to see what these tabs say! Select the Learned Routes Filter tab from BOTTOM of this window. Enable Filter IPv4 Unicast for each emulated router and enable Fetch Detailed IPv4 Unicast Info for only the first emulated router of each port. We will view the RIB after we turn on the protocol.

17. Let’s start our protocols and see our results. Starting the protocols is easy once configured. There is a button that appears at the top of the screen labeled as BGP. Select this button to start all of the BGP protocols.

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18. From here, we need to see our results and see if the protocols started. Click on the tab at the bottom of the screen labeled BGP Statistics so that we can select the stats we want to build the stat view for.

19. Next, we need to select the stats we are interested in. Make sure that both BGP statistics are selected. Click “OK” when done with this page.

20. Confirm that all peers have advanced to the “established” state. First look at the “BGP Aggregated Stats” to see how many sessions we have configured. This is a spreadsheet view. No charts in this view.

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21. Next look at the next tab over to see the actual pie charts associated with BGP.

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22. You can see the individual port BGP stats by right clicking on each of the ports on the left hand side and selecting “Open BGP Stats” from the drop down.

23. If you have any errors, you can re-run the wizard and fix the incorrect values. Upon finishing the wizard, you will need to restart the protocols.

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24. Go to the BGP Folder and expand the ports fully. Right click - select Expand. For each peer, click on “Learned Routes” and in the right screen click on Refresh. The Refresh button is at the top of the window. This will display the RIB as would be seen on the emulated routers with more detail in the first router of each port as we set up the filter in an earlier step.

25. Optionally, you can Telnet into the DUT and display the BGP routing table and IP routing table (show ip bgp). Address and password will be provided by the instructor, so please ask if you’d like to do this. 26. SAVE your configuration for future lab exercises by selecting the floppy disk icon or through the FILE menu.

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Lab 2b: OSPF Protocol Configuration The Open Shortest Path First Protocol Version 2 is becoming the standard interior gateway protocol (IGP) for large IP networks that contain complex topologies and high levels of path redundancy. This protocol is designed to handle large routing tables efficiently and aggregate routes to reduce routing table lookups. With network topology changes, it converges at a high speed, much faster than RIP. Administratively determined metrics are assigned to all outbound interfaces allowing a highly granular path selection to be made based on total path cost to the destination network. The Ixia will test the router by simulating a large number of routers and networks, generating and advertising controlled link state advertisements and forwarding controlled traffic to determine the effects and behavior of the router.

Objectives The student is required to create a topology for OSPF emulating immediate neighboring routers as in Figure 3. Bidirectional traffic will be sent to verify the routing table forwarding process. The LSA’s will be manipulated to demonstrate how the DUT will receive and advertise them. 

Using the protocol wizard, configure the OSPF protocol on your chassis interfaces.



Run the protocol and evaluate the operational state of the interfaces.



Use the multiport grid feature to change values in the parameter tables.

Demonstrate the effects of route ranges versus network ranges

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Topology Two ports on the Ixia will each emulate three OSPF neighboring area border routers. All routers will advertise a range of 10 networks from neighboring areas into the backbone. All configuration parameters are found in Table 2 in Appendix A.

Figure 1. Logical Lab Topology

Figure 2. Route Range Physical Lab Topology

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Lab Procedure NOTE: This lab continues from lab 1. If you have not already done so, make sure your ports have been reset to factory default settings. 1. Continue with port assignments from Lab 1. NOTE: For convenience and speed, it is highly recommended that you use the protocol wizard for the initial configuration of the p orts. With it you can create configurations that you can restore or append to other configurations. You may then proceed to make additional changes or additions with a high confidence that there will be minimal chance of failure to provide a complete or correct configuration. Here we will create a group of neighboring ABR’s which will advertise to the DUT (into the backbone) a range of 10 networks each. Alternatively, these networks can be advertised as stub networks or externals of either type 1 or type 2, with the routers acting as ASBR’s. 2. Make sure that you are on the Home menu from the top. From here, select “Add Protocols” from the ribbon as show below.

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This will launch the Protocol Wizards window.

3. Select OSPF and launch the wizard to configure both ports using the parameters in parameters table 2 in Appendix A.

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4. Select both ports.

5. Assign port addresses from the lab parameter table 2 in appendix A. There will be 3 neighbors per port. You need only provide the first router address on the first port. Then click “Next.”

a. Number of routers per Port—”3.” You can have multiple neighbors accessible from each DUT port. The wizard restricts you to the same number of routers per port and computes their addresses from increments provided here. b. Tester IP Address—Enter the IP address of the first Ixia port from the table. c. Gateway Address—Used by the Ixia to direct traffic to an address not on this subnet – automatically filled in with same subnet as Tester! d. Increment Per Router —Is used to compute the address of the next tester address on the same port by adding this to each succeeding value. Not used if the number of neighboring routers per port is just 1. Set to 0.0.0.1. e. Increment Per Port – Used to compute the address of the first router on the next port by adding this to each succeeding value of the Tester IP Address. Set to 0.0.1.0. Click Next>

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6. Enable “Advertise Routes.” Generate 10 routes per neighbor and specify the first route of the range for the first neighbor from table 2 in appendix A. Set the metric for all routes to same value. The effect will be observed on the DUT routing table.

a. Advertise routes — Enable - optionally you can advertise one range of routes per neighbor using the wizard. b. Number of Routes per Router – 10 —the number indicates how many routes will be generated as a group of LSA type 3 networks. c. First Route — See Table - specify the address of the first network in the range. Subsequent network addresses in the range will be incremented based on the mask. d. Increment by — 1.0.0.0 - the first route will be incremented by this value for the next neighbor and the mask will be the same. This will generate a consecutive range of networks to be advertised. e. Route Origin – Another Area – How the network is advertised: Note: Determines how the network will appear in the LSDB: Another Area: Type 3 LSA External 1: Type 5 LSA (T1) External 2: Type 5 LSA (T2) Same Area: Stub network on neighbor router – Type 1 LSA (T3 link) f.

Route Metric – 15 - Set to any non-zero value.

7. Skip the next 2 screens. We will advertise network ranges in a matrix configuration in the next part. We will not be using Traffic Engineering. Select “Next” twice.

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8. Save your configuration with the name “Part 1” by generating a new one and applying it to the ports. Select Generate and Overwrite All Protocol Configurations as OSPF will be the only protocol running on the ports. Click on “Finish.” This should close the window.

9. Close the Protocols Wizards main window. 10. Verify protocol interface by issuing PING command to the DUT interface. Click on Protocol Interfaces from under Protocol Configuration in the resource tree on left. Right click on one of your ports in the middle pane and select “Ping” from the drop down menu. Use either of the default gateway addresses you configured in the wizard. You may need to retry this until it succeeds. If you see a red exclamation mark ! in the Port Link Column, there has been an ARP failure, typically the result of setting a wrong IP address. Rerun the wizard configuration to correct errors if there are any.

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11. You can send Ping by using the buttons at the top of the window on near the middle.

12. Or you can send Ping by right clicking on the ports themselves and selecting Ping from the dropdown.

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Next we are going to configure working with the Learned LSA’s. Go back to OSPF button on the left. In the middle pane, make sure you click on the Routers tab at the top and Router at the bottom. Scroll to the right and make sure the check box for Discard Learned LSA’s is unchecked for at least one router. The effect of this will be shown later in this lab.

13. We are going to now configure our statistics so that we can see OSPF aggregated stats. Go to the Test Options button at the top of the window. Make sure you are in the Home menu to see it! From here, go to “Stat Viewer Options” and find OSPF. Put a checkmark by both the ports. Don’t forget to also select Tx/Rx Frame Rate Statistics.

14. Select and enable both of your ports for each: Tx/Rx Frame Rate Statistics OSPF Aggregated State Count 15. When done, close this window and the changes will be saved.

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16. Now let’s start OSPF and see if it works! Start OSPF with the Start OSPF button at the top of the window. If you don’t see this button, click on Protocol Configuration in the resource tree on left. Remember to select “Start All” from the drop down or the protocol will not start!

17. Now let’s go see if it all worked. Click on the “Global Protocol Statistics” button and make sure to check the boxes next to the OSPF stats.

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18. Select the “OSPF Aggregated State Counts” Tab at the top of the stat window and confirm that all neighbors have advanced to the “full” state. The pie charts should be slightly different colors of green.

19. In the other tab you can see the numbers (no graphs). If you cannot see another tab, use the arrow buttons on the top right hand side of the graph window.

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NOTE: View the number of updates advertised. These are total packet counts per port. If you scroll further to the right, the columns will provide payload data with total counts of various LSA types in the packets overall. 20. In order to see the learned LSA’s, you need to expand your ports. To do this, click on OSPF on the left side of window in the resource tree. Right click and use “Expand 2 levels”. Expand this out until you see the “Learned LSA’s” option under the RID’s on your ports. You might also click on the arrows to expand the levels. Click the “Refresh” button in the ribbon at top. Examine the Link state advertisements that been advertised by the DUT and distinguish the type 1,2 and 3 LSA’s.

21. For more information on any LSA that has been learned, double click on the row in the table and a window will pop up to display the details of update message fields. Note that the contents are relative to the area the receiving interface is in! 22. Click on “Learned LSAs” on the other port. Is there a pattern that prevents both ports from generating conflicting router ids and networks? 23. Telnet to the DUT and display the LSDB and the IP routing table to display the impact of the advertisements. Look for entries created by your emulated routers (the 2nd octet is your assigned number!) The instructor will provide the IP address. The password is ixia. show ip ospf database show ip route 24. SAVE your configuration from the File menu as you will need this in future lab exercises!!

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Module 3 – Basic Traffic Wizard Overview After protocols are configured and running correctly, the basic traffic wizard can be used to take the protocol information and quickly create traffic streams for testing data plane traffic. This module will review the implementation of the basic traffic wizard to quickly create flow groups using protocol configuration parameters.

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Basic Traffic Wizard Introduction to IxNetwork

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Module Goals & Objectives Upon completing this module, students will be able to: •

Quickly configure traffic using the basic traffic wizard

To accomplish this, students will: •

Use the Protocol configuration from prior section

•

Invoke the Basic Traffic wizard to generate traffic between protocol advertised routes

•

Drill down traffic statistics from traffic item to flow to verify and evaluate traffic flow and pattern

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Terminology

Flow 1 HW Stream 1 (Port 1)

Flow 2 Flow 3

Flow Group 1

Flow 4 HW Stream 2 (Port 1) Flow 5

Traffic Item

Flow 6 Flow Group 2

HW Stream 1 (Port 2)

Traffic Item – created by single wizard run, common encapsulation at highest layer (IPv4) Flow Group – Packet flows with same traffic profile, including frame size, frame rate and content HW Stream – HW stream, not visible in IxNetwork

Flow 7 Flow 8

Flow – packets tracked/identified by unique PGID

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Basic Traffic Wizard 

– – – – – –

Advanced Traffic Wizard

Basic Traffic Wizard

Basic Traffic Wizard



Use for Basic Routing tests Integrated with protocols Supports mixed encapsulations Ingress tracking options No Flow Group Setup options No advanced QoS options

Advanced Traffic Wizard – Use for Complex Multicast, Routing and MPLS tests – Advanced Packet/QoS configuration – Flow Group Setup options – Ingress/Egress tracking options

Quick Flow Groups 

Quick Flow Groups – – – –

Use for Quick L2/L3 Traffic Includes IxExplorer style UDF support Not integrated with protocols Limited traffic tracking 51

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Basic Traffic Wizard

Used only to create a traffic item

Subset of parameters from advanced wizard Steps through the minimum to create traffic Can divert to Advanced wizard at any time Traffic item can be modified afterwards with advanced wizard only Default Flow Groups implicitly created per combined Encapsulation type + EndPoint set

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Basic Traffic Wizard - sequence 1.

Topology

2.

Create Endpoints

3.

Frame Setup

4.

Tracking

5.

Summary

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Topology

Protocol Type provides a L2/L3 constraint on the traffic and endpoints for this traffic item Source/Dest. type determines how the traffic will be created between source and destination emulated neighboring devices

Routes/Hosts mesh determines how the traffic will be addressed to flow from all protocol configured items. A Source / Destination item can be protocol interfaces (with emulated IP addresses) or a range of addresses or labels Bidirectional explicitly creates 2 way traffic on designated endpoints

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EndPoints

Endpoints are defined by protocol and interface configuration – Maximum granularity of endpoint is a single route range or interface

An Endpoint Set is a combination of sources & destinations for data plane traffic – Protocol encapsulation on all sources is the same – Mixed encapsulation (src/dest) is allowed – bidirectional traffic creates 2 endpoints in one endpoint set 55 ©2010 Ixia. All rights reserved.

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EndPoint display options

Traffic groups created within protocol configuration tables Filters can be used to reduce the complexity of the displayed choices: – By frame encapsulation per source or destination – By reusable customized filters per source or destination for fine control combine (and/or): • • • •

IP address Port Name Protocol Vlan Id

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Routes/Hosts — Router Mesh

One-one mesh will create traffic between source and destination items on a 1:1 basis from each source to each destination emulated neighbor router/switch – 1st to 1st, 2nd to 2nd, etc… – When the number of items are not the same, the shorter list will be repeated – Self destined (same port) traffic will generate an immediate error unless specifically allowed.

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Source/Dest. - Mesh

One - one type will create traffic between each source and destination network on a 1:1 basis restricted by router mesh – When the number of source and destination routes are not the same, the shorter list will be repeated

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Source/Dest. - Fully Meshed No source or destination choices Just choose an endpoint from all available route ranges or interfaces Traffic is implicitly Bidirectional

Fully-meshed type will create traffic across all ports By default, only first valid host address in each network is used

Self-destined traffic is omitted by default

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Frame Setup

Frame Size (in bytes) – Fixed – Random over given range – Incrementing sizes

Traffic Rate – Line rate % – Packet rate per second – L/2 bit rate per second

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Tracking Required for statistical measurements Default tracking per traffic item Flows track on values (PGID) determined by protocol configuration – – – – – –

Predefined field in frame Traffic group Port Endpoint set Combined source/destination pairs Additional choices depend on protocol & encapsulation

Combinations are OK

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Identify Each Traffic Flow

Each TX packet with unique “Track By” option (source/destination addresses, VLAN ID or label) will be tagged with a special instrumentation tag, including PGID and timestamp

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Multi-Field Tracking

Tracking adds additional flows between each pair of source and destination items The tracking (measurement) will be based on the values in the traffic wizard for each traffic item on the transmit port

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Summary Review the traffic item configuration Can step back to previous window to make corrections Can divert to Advanced traffic wizard for additional control Or just Finish!

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Statistical Tables Ports – aggregate stats control + data plane Traffic - L2/L3 – – – – –

Data Plane port stats – aggregate per port Traffic Item – aggregate per traffic item User Defined – aggregate per drill down choice Flow Statistics – per tracked item by value (per PGID) Flow Detective – per flow by selective high/low value (worst / best) cases

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Lab Steps Step 1: With protocols configured and running, start the Basic Traffic Wizard Step 2: Step through each window and enter necessary parameters Step 3: Apply your traffic configuration to the ports Step 4: Start the traffic Step 5: Go to statistics window and bring up desired tables of stats – drill down as needed

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Lab Tips To complete the lab (Hints) – Continue from previous lab – Restore configuration if necessary – Lost packets should be low and not increase – Align tables horizontally for best viewing – Make sure protocol is running!!

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Lab Topology

200.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 200.x.10.0/24

201.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 201.x.10.0/24 202.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 202.x.10.0/24

.2

.2

.3

.1

20.3.(x).0/24

.1

.3

20.3.(x+1).0/24

.4

.4

203.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 203.x.10.0/24

204.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 204.x.10.0/24 205.x.1.0/24 ⁞ 205.x.10.0/24

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Discussion Upon creation of the traffic item, how do you edit or modify the item?

Once traffic is running, what can be changed for the traffic item(s)?

What happens to packets that arrive on the wrong port?

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Points Remember About this Lab You cannot run the traffic wizard while any traffic is running – all flow groups must be stopped! Click on Validate to confirm a good traffic configuration and provide detailed warning / error messages otherwise. You cannot start traffic until changes are applied.

If traffic is being dropped, first make sure the protocols are running. You can only use the Basic traffic wizard to create new traffic items.

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Lab 3: Basic Traffic Wizard The primary objective of testing is generating and measuring data plane traffic. With routing protocols configured and running, the basic traffic wizard provides a quick and easy mechanism to configure IxNetwork to generate traffic through the DUT appearing to originate and terminate directly from the port interfaces or from the networks advertised by the routing protocols. The traffic wizards will provide extensive control over the packet format from size and content to bandwidth utilization including controlled bursting and packet count. The wizards will also allow you to configure and measure traffic and drill down through those measurements from traffic item to endpoint sets to flow groups to flows. The basic traffic wizard is a subset of operations from the advanced traffic wizard which we will cover in the next lab. Once a traffic item is created with the basic traffic wizard, subsequent changes can be made to it but only through the advanced traffic wizard which will be invoked explicitly when you attempt to edit a traffic item. Each traffic item, regardless when created from the basic or advanced wizard will show up under the All Traffic Groups icon on the right side of the screen.

Objectives Using the protocol configuration from the previous lab exercise, we will run through the basic traffic wizard to create flow groups and demonstrate the collection of statistics through the various tables available. 6 The route metrics or attributes will be manipulated to demonstrate 6 how the DUT will receive and 01 advertise these attributes and influence the DUT’s route selection0process. Ago 1  Create endpoint sets for bidirectional traffic pairs. ura  Diagnose, evaluate and observe the running protocol statistics and logs. Roa d Cala bas as, CA 913 02 [Toll Free US 1. 877. FOR .IXIA ) Module 3 – Basic Traffic Wizard

(Int’ l+ 1.81 8.87 1.18

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Topology Each port on the Ixia will emulate three neighboring routers. While the routing protocol is running, each router will advertise a single route range of 10 consecutive networks. All configuration parameters are found in Table 1 in Appendix A.

Figure 4. Logical Lab Topology

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Lab Procedure 1. Continue with the protocol configuration from Lab 2. NOTE: If you have reset your ports either restore from your saved configuration or rerun your wizard configurations. The protocol should be running correctly at this point. 2. We are going to start by adding traffic to our test. At the top of the Home menu in the ribbon, there is an option for this. Click on the bottom half of this button and from the dropdown, select “L2-3 Basic Traffic Wizard”.

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3. The first screen is a summary of the remaining screens. You have the option of stepping through each screen by clicking the Next or Previous button at the bottom of the screen, by selecting the icon on the left to go directly to the screen of interest, or by concluding the setup at any time by clicking on the Finish button at the bottom of the screen. If the basic wizard is not providing all the control you want, you can switch to the advanced traffic wizard at any time by clicking on the Advanced Wizard button. Click on Next to get started.

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4. We will limit the number of flows and flow groups by committing to a one to one mesh for both routes and route ranges. However, we will attempt to create more end point sets by not selecting Bi-Directional and manually configure each direction as a separate end point set. This will allow us to use to wizard to configure different parameters for each direction. Name the traffic item Lab 3 and Click Next.

5. Stretch the window vertically to reach the top and bottom of the main window. Expand All Ports and expand each individual port one level to show the protocol and interfaces, also showing the number of individual choices below that level. Select the protocol on the first port as the source and the protocol on the second port as the destination. Be sure not to select the Interfaces. Clicking on a check box selects all choices below that level.

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6. Click on the down arrow alongside Endpoint sets to add this combination as an endpoint set. Then select the second port (just the protocol not the interfaces) as the source and the first port (just the protocol not the interfaces) as the destination and add this to your endpoint sets. Confirm that you now have 2 endpoint sets as shown. Click on Next. Keep in mind that there will always be a default Endpoint Set at the bottom of the list that you cannot get delete. Just ignore it.

Note: The down arrow will apply endpoint set configuration changes to the highlighted endpoint set!! Make sure the last set is selected when adding a new endpoint set!

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7. In the Frame setup screen, leave the default settings. Click on Next.

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NOTE: In the flow tracking window, you have a choice of selecting multiple fields to track on. You will also track on the traffic item along with any other combination of frame fields or traffic characteristics. Statistical measurements will be displayed per flow determined by all possible values of the item s selected and (so far) choices determined by the protocol configuration. 8. Select Source/Destination Value Pair for tracking. This will match up the source IP address with the destination IP address for statistical measurements. Tracking is also and always done on the traffic item itself. Click on Next.

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9. The final window will provide a summary of all configuration parameters chosen. Examine it to confirm you have selected all choices correctly. Click on Finish.

10. The traffic item will build and then you will see its configuration in the grid view. You will see 3 tabs across the top of the right hand window. These three tabs show different types of information.

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11. The Topology tab shows a graphical representation of what you built. If you click on any of the configured fields on the right hand side, it will bring you back into the Advanced Traffic Wizard to make changes.

12. Any attempt to edit the traffic item will bring up the Advanced Traffic wizard. This can be done a few difference ways. One way is to go to the Flow Groups Tab and double click on the Traffic Item. Another way is to go to the Topology Tab and click on any field on the right hand side.

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13. Now we are going to the Flow Groups Tab. If you click on one of your two flow groups, and click on the top menu called “Configuration”, on the ribbon you will see a slider bar that you can use to adjust the rate. If you cannot see the whole bar, there is an arrow on the far right that you can use to scroll over. From here, change the rate on each flow to 40%.

14. We are finished configuring our traffic. We can now validate our settings prior to applying them to ensure there are no errors or warnings for all traffic items. At the top of the window, you can select “Traffic Actions”. Make sure you are in the Configuration menu! Select the “Validate L2-3 Traffic” option from the drop down.

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15. If everything checks out okay, we can apply the traffic to the Ixia ports and start transmit. To do this, select the “All Traffic” button in the ribbon of the Home menu. If there is an exclamation point, it means the traffic has not been applied to the port. This button will apply the traffic to the port and start it. However, there is a drop down at the lower part of this button which allows you to apply the traffic and start sending in 2 separate steps.

16. Note that you can also start and stop the traffic on individual flows by using the Start/Stop buttons in each row with your flow groups.

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17. If you want to see your statistics, click on the traffic item called “Lab 3” in the right side of the window. There will be a tab called “Traffic Statistics”. From here you will be able to select those traffic views you wish to see. Make sure to check Flow Statistics if it isn’t already selected. After you select what you are interested in, those views become tabs you can click on to see. 18. Remember that what you select from this window, a new Tab will appear in the Stat View. Keep track of these tabs.

19. Examine Flow Statistics table and ensure there is no packet loss! However, while you are in the middle of transmit, there will be some loss while the stats are still being collected. The tracking values are in columns with highlighted headers. If you click on the column header, all rows will be sorted in either ascending or descending order on that column.

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20. Select Tx-Rx Frame Rate Statistics (make sure it is enabled) tab to display the graph of traffic for both ports. From here, you should see the graph for Tx-Rx Frame Rate Statistics at the bottom of the window. Make sure you have your Flow Groups tab open in the top window. From here, click on either of your flow groups and adjust the transmit rate. Note the change in the Tx-Rx window at the bottom! You should see the graph dynamically changing.

21. Stop the traffic by selecting the “Stop TX” button in the Home menu. Keep track of these menus. In time it will become easier to remember where all the buttons are located.

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Analysis The tables and graphs allow you to start with general traffic statistics aggregated per traffic item and “drill down” to more detailed measurements per port and per flow and distinguish between the data plane and control plane traffic. Flows in the Flow Statistics table are distinguished based per row on the values of the items being tracked. In the next lab, we will drill down even further. These results will show up in the User Defined Statistics table and they will be based on specific preferences.

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Module 4 – Advanced Traffic Wizard Overview For complete control over the configuration of traffic streams and flow groups, we have the advanced traffic wizard. The wizard is also called upon to edit traffic items created by the basic wizard and can be invoked directly from the basic wizard if the need arises. In this module, we will review the additional features and capabilities of the advanced traffic wizard to create and measure date plane traffic.

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Module Goals & Objectives Upon completing this module, students will be able to: •

Use the advanced traffic wizard to create new traffic items.

•

Use the advanced traffic wizard to edit existing traffic items.

•

To accomplish this, students will:

•

Use the advanced traffic wizard to create a traffic item

•

Enable both ingress and egress tracking

•

Analyze the statistics tables and drill down to confirm traffic policing policies on a DUT

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Differences from basic wizard

Everything in basic traffic wizard is included in advanced traffic wizard plus: – Multiple hosts per network – Egress tracking – Latency bins

− More frame configuration options − More frame size choices − Packet burst control

You cannot modify a traffic item using the basic wizard You can switch to the advanced wizard but cannot return to the basic wizard to complete traffic configuration Endpoint sets or individual pairs can be customized within the wizard – TOS & TTL can be set for multiple items – Packet editor available when single item is selected – All endpoint pairs are selected by default

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Endpoints vs Traffic Item Configurable per endpoint combinations – – – – – –

Packet editor (per individual endpoint only) Flow groups Frame size distribution Preamble size Payload contents CRC settings

Common across a traffic item (all endpoints) – Egress Tracking (one field only) – Ingress Tracking (multiple fields allowed) – Latency bins

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Common across all traffic items Transmission mode per Tx port – Interleaved – Sequential

Egress Tracking & Latency Bins per Rx Port Latency Measurement – – – –

Store & Forward – LIFO Cut through – FIFO MEF forwarding delay – FILO Forwarding delay – LILO

Jitter measurement Interarrival Time Sequence checking & mode

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Sequence of screens 1.

Endpoints

2.

Packet (editor) / QOS

3.

Flow Group Setup

4.

Rate Setup

5.

Flow Tracking (ingress & egress & latency)

6.

Preview

7.

Validate

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Endpoints Create endpoint sets as in basic wizard plus… Allow self destined traffic (one armed routing)

Specify a number of hosts per network – Address runs up sequentially from .1

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Packet / QOS Endpoints grouped into endpoint sets – Each endpoint is classified by source encapsulation – Bidirectional with mixed encapsulation yields 2 endpoints in set

If All Encapsulations selected or Per Encapsulation with multiple selections, only TOS/QOS editor is available – changes apply to all select endpoint sets If only one endpoint is select (Per Encapsulation) – packet editor in lower section – Discreet field editor in upper section grid • • • •

Ethertype PFC Queue IP Priority (TOS – Diff Serv - Raw) TTL

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Flow Group Setup A flow group is a manageable component of a traffic item Create flow groups per encapsulation endpoint A flow group is constrained to one Tx port Flow group can be individually customized Flow groups have their own traffic control While traffic is running, Flow groups may allow changes to: – Traffic rate – Packet size

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Frame Setup Different settings can apply to any combination of endpoints

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Rate Setup Tx Mode must be the SAME for a common Tx port across ALL traffic items!!! In interleaved mode,  of Tx rates per port ≤ 100%

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Flow Tracking Ingress tracking (into DUT) – – – –

Defines a flow Multiple predefined fields + 1 custom field allowed for single traffic item Available fields depend on Protocol & Tx port encapsulation Note resource consumption at bottom of screen!!

Egress Tracking (from DUT) – Pick a single predefined or custom field in frame – Use drill down per Rx port or flow to observe in User Defined Stats

Latency bins – Discrete packet count per latency range

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Preview Select “View Flow Groups/Packets” to initiate Will invoke Merge Manager if new flow groups configuration conflicts with original Provides a list of flow groups in upper screen Selection of a flow group reveals a (limited) packet preview in lower screen

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Validate Traffic Configuration Validate traffic configuration for current or all traffic items before apply Provides more comprehensive messages regarding – Misconfiguration – incompatible settings – Other possible warnings – General information

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Flow Group Editor Properties – – – – – – –

Name Suspend (check box) Frame Size distribution Payload CRC Tx Rate & Mode Preamble size

Packet Editor

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Flow Group Merge Manager Advanced traffic wizard used to edit traffic item

One or more flow groups have changed Original configuration need not be lost Merge manager will help resolve conflicts per flow group

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Introduction - Student Lab Use the advanced traffic wizard to create NEW traffic item Make sure you are not dropping traffic – Protocol is still running? – Port state is established?

Interpret the results – Observer per traffic item, per port, and per flow statistics – Throughput and latency measurements

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Lab Steps

Step 1: Continue with protocol configuration from previous labs Step 2: Start the advanced traffic wizard to create a new traffic item

Step 3: Step though the screens to enter traffic parameters as required Step 4: Apply traffic configuration to ports

Step 5: Start traffic and observe effects in statistics tables – drill down

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Lab Topology

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Lab Tips

To complete the lab (Hints) – Make sure protocol is running – Do not expect results to mimic this book! – Actual results depend on DUT characteristics!

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Discussion 1.

List all the methods of invoking the advanced traffic wizard: a) b)

To create a new traffic item. To edit an existing traffic item.

2.

Which statistic is the first to observe to ensure traffic is handled properly?

3.

What is the significance of the error message, “Oversubscribed” and how to you remedy it?

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Points to Remember Advance traffic wizard is used to create and modify existing traffic items You cannot bring up the wizard while traffic is running Changes to any traffic item must be reapplied to ports before traffic can be started Only frame rate and frame size may be modified while traffic is running

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Where Can I Learn More? RFC’s IEEE docs White papers from Ixia website The Black Book Ixia Assistant

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Lab 4: Additional Field tracking with the Advanced Traffic Wizard Overview The advanced traffic wizard gives us many options to control various parameters of the data plane traffic. Only one traffic item is created with each run of the wizard but the item breaks down into configurable endpoint sets and flow groups. The endpoint sets are individually configurable within the wizard only. The flow groups are completely manageable on their own. There are many manageable fields with the advanced wizard and many different ways to manage those entities. We will follow one path of doing so in this lab exercise but we will also look briefly at the other ways of performing the same tasks.

Objectives Using the protocol configuration from the previous lab exercise, we will run through the advanced traffic wizard to create a new traffic item with flow groups and focus on QOS. The DUT has been configured to perform traffic policing emulating a typical SLA. All traffic in excess of an established CIR will have its priority remarked to 0. The expectation would be that some router further downstream would mark 0 priority packets eligible to be dropped in anticipation of congestion. TOS values of 2 and 5 only are being policed on the DUT. The CIR per port has been set to 40Mb/sec. Policed traffic in excess of 40Mb/sec will have TOS value remarked to 0. 

Create endpoint sets for unidirectional traffic pairs.



Enable TOS values of 2 and 5 only for all endpoint sets.



Enable for ingress and egress tracking on TOS.



Set the traffic rate to exceed the CIR.



Examine the traffic statistics and drill down to confirm that traffic policing is working as configured.



Determine the effects of traffic policing on varying rates of TOS values.



Prove that the SLA conditions described above are being enforced.

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Topology Each Ixia port will emulate three neighboring routers. While the routing protocol is running, each router will advertise a single route range of 10 consecutive networks. All configuration parameters are found in Table 1 in Appendix A.

Figure 5. Logical Lab Topology

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Lab Procedure 1. Continue with the protocol configuration from Lab 2 and leave the protocol running. Make sure all traffic is stopped. NOTE: If you have reset your ports, either restore your saved configuration or rerun your wizard configurations and restart the protocol. The protocol should be running correctly at this point before you proceed. 2. You can launch the Advanced Traffic Wizard by clicking on the bottom part of the Add Traffic button in the Home menu. There will be a drop down that allows you to select each of the wizards. You can also click on “Traffic Configuration” from the left hand side resource tree and click on “Add L2-3 Traffic Items” from the middle pane.

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3. Note on the left side that you will have 8 screens to step through. As before, the first screen will define the traffic item in terms of the endpoint sets. 4. Set the traffic name to Lab 4. As before, create two endpoint sets consisting of OSPF or BGP traffic from the first to the second port, and again from the second port to the first port. We could have done the equivalent by selecting bidirectional traffic but that would create only a single endpoint set. Click on the green down arrow to add the new endpoint set. Click on Next when you have both created.

Note: The remaining screens of the wizard are divided in two sections. The upper section will allow you to apply parameters to any combination of selected endpoint sets or simply all of them! If the endpoints have different encapsulations, there will be 2 endpoints in a set. Observe carefully the radio buttons at the top of this section:

Lower screen applies only to the selected endpoint set

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Lower screen applies to all endpoint sets, i.e., the traffic item.

5. For the remainder of the wizard configuration screens, parameters will apply to both endpoint sets. With the All Encapsulations radio button selected, enter in the lower screen two TOS values, 2 and 5 ! You can either type the value in explicitly or choose from the drop down menu that will appear when the line is selected. Click on Apply to apply this to both endpoint sets.

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Click on Next.

7. The Flow Groups window allows you to create various combinations of various fields which are individually manageable based on their specific values on ingress. Select IPv4: Precedence and Rx Port for flow groups. Click on Next.

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8. In the Frame Setup window, leave the default settings.

9. In the Rate Setup window, leave the default settings. Click on Next.

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10. In the Flow Tracking window, select Track Flows by - IPv4: Precedence. Below this, enable Egress Tracking and in the drop down menu for offset, select IPv4 TOS Precedence (3 bits). Click on Next.

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11. Skip the Dynamic Fields screen and continue on to the Flow Groups/Packets screen. 12. In the Preview window, select the button View Flow Groups/Packets and you should see the flow groups (per Rx port × per TOS value= 2×2=4) appear in the upper window. Select one of the flow groups and you will observe a packet sequence preview in the lower window. Remember to adjust column width to allow proper viewing! Click on Next.

13. In the final Validate window, with the Current Traffic Item radio button selected, click on the Validate button on the upper right and determine if there are errors or warnings.

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14. With the ports in interleaved mode, it is possible to oversubscribe on a port where the sum of the bandwidths of all flow groups exceeds 100% on a port. This, for example, would result in an error. Select All Traffic Items and select Validate again. Note the results which will likely show warnings! Click on Finish. Note, this will only happen if you have left Lab 3 traffic item configured and then added the Lab 4 traffic item. If you already deleted Lab 3, you will NOT see this.

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15. If you need to, go and delete the Lab 3 Traffic item from the test. To do this, go to the the L2-3 Traffic Items on left, highlight the Lab 3 Traffic item and right click. From the drop, select “Delete selected items”.

16. Apply this L2 traffic and start the traffic.

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17. Go create a stat view where you can select Data Plane Port Statistics. To do this, remember that you have to click on the button that either says “Traffic Statistics” “BGP Statistics” or “OSPF Statistics”. From here, make sure you select “Data Plane Port Statistics”. This will become a new tab in your stat views.

18. Select Data Plane Port Statistics. Then select your first port. From here, select the “Drill Down” button from the top of the window. Make sure you are in the “Data” tab at the top to see this. From the Drill Down menu, select Ethernet: IPv4 TOS Precedence.

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19. The drill down statistics will now display in the User Defined Statistics table. This is another tab, and you may need to use the arrows on the right to see the other tabs.

20. To help analyze the metrics in this table, right click anywhere in the statistics side of this table, and right click. From the Show option, select Show Footer. This will add a bar to the bottom of the window. Hard to see, but it’s there.

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21. Right click in the footer under the column for Rx Rate Mbps and select Sum. Note that the value here approximates the line rate applied to the port speed. The breakdown of values is such that the sum of QOS values 2 + 5 equals the CIR configured on the DUT for policing. The excess is shown to have been remarked by the DUT to 0. No traffic had been transmitted by the Ixia port with this TOS value. Any traffic appearing on the port with this value had to be set by the DUT. Feel free to rearrange the columns in the table so the ones you are most concerned with are on the left or are all together visible.

22. In the right corner of the User Defined Statistics window, click to button to Undock this window. This will cause it to float. In the background, make sure you display all the flow groups for Lab 4. You may need to move windows around to see both. One could be hidden behind the other one.

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23. Since we are observing egress tracking using the first port, select a flow group for one of the TOS values with the TX Port as the second port or Rx Port as the first port. Move the rate slider bar all the way to the right to saturate the line and note the effect of the metrics. The total should go up to the full line rate but the amount of traffic with TOS values left unchanged at 2 and 5 will adjust proportionately so the total still adds up to 40Mb and the excess falls over into TOS value 0. Remember the slider bar will not allow you to oversubscribe. Readjust the slider bar, varying it for both flow groups, to see how receive statistics will change in response. Does the priority level in itself have any effect on TOS remarking?

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24. Another important aspect of tracking provides the ability to compare the ingress values with the egress values to determine whether the conditions for modifying these values by the DUT are being achieved. Hit the X in the upper right hand corner to close the floating window and get back to the default statistics window. Select the Traffic Item Statistics Tab. If you don’t see it, you might have to use the arrows on the far right hand side.

25. Make sure the row with Lab 4 is highlighted, and then click the “Drill Down” button at the top of the window. Then select Drill Down per IPv4 :Precedence. Make sure you are in the “Data” tab.

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26. In the User Defined Statistics table, you will see an aggregate of all traffic on both ports per precedence value. You will see this:

27. From here, highlight the first row and then make sure your inside a cell. Right click and select “Ingress/Egress Statistics” from the drop down menu. This will create a new stat view.

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28. The newly created table will show the TOS values from ingress to egress.

29. Let’s customize our view even further. First, highlight one of your cells and right click. From here, select the “Customize” option from the drop down menu.

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30. Select the phrase All Rx Ports (right about in the middle of the customize window). Another drop down menu will appear with both ports selected. Deselect Port 1 only. Then click on the OK button to apply this new profile to the screen. (Note: in the screen shot below, Port 1 is on the bottom)

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31. Again, adjust column width for best viewing. You can do this by moving the Tx Rate and Rx Rate to the left. You will now note that the User Defined Statistics displays only one port. Do the statistical values verify that traffic policing is working?

32. The Ingress/Egress tracking view shown above validates that the Router’s QOS policy is working as expected. The chart shows that we are transmitting two flows of traffic; the first flow is marked as TOS value 2 and the second flow is marked as TOS value of 5. However, on the Egress side of the Router, there are three different TOS settings 0, 2, and 5. The policy is configured to remark any excess traffic above 40Mbps to TOS 0. 33. Stop the Traffic.

Analysis We have demonstrated the use of the Advanced Traffic Wizard to set up a traffic item that uses both ingress and egress tracking in this lab for IP TOS values. With traffic policing configured on the DUT, we were able to use the Ixia to confirm that this operation is performing exactly as we would expect. We have also been able to evaluate variations is flows for different rates of TOS values being policed. We have shown a real situation where we have been able to confirm that traffic policing via IP TOS remarking is occurring as configured on the DUT and were further able to determine the impact of the TOS level itself on throughput, latency, and policing. We have drilled down from the Data Plane Statistics table. It is also possible to drill down from the Traffic Item statistics table and the Flow groups.

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Module 5 – Quick Flow Groups Overview The traffic wizard constrains us to choose endpoints for our traffic streams limited by the protocol configuration. Host addresses will be assigned as the lowest value (.1) or run sequentially from .1 up. We can overcome these limitations by using a raw frame encapsulation for the endpoints which will give us more control over the various header fields. Quick Flow Groups allow us to create the near equivalent to streams with the flexibility of IxExplorer including additional features such as ARP for IP interfaces and UDF’s (user defined fields) without the drudgery of manipulating signatures and time stamps. All quick flow groups constitute the equivalent of a single traffic item. Each flow group is strictly unidirectional. The flow group is created from a designated transmit port and you add receive ports later. Ingress tracking, if enabled, is limited to the flow group, i.e., the is only one flow per flow group. Much like IxExplorer, flow groups, like streams, can be individually customized and duplicated. Configuration is achieved directly through the parameter tables and through a flow group editor which includes the packet editor.

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Quick Flow Groups Introduction to IxNetwork

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Module Goals & Objectives Upon completing this module, students will be able to: •

Use Quick Flow Groups feature of IxNetwork to configure and create traffic

•

To accomplish this, students will:

•

Use existing protocol configurations

•

Create the equivalent of raw traffic to ranges of hosts

•

Implement ingress on egress field tracking on IP TOS

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Overview Quick Flow Groups provides a fast IxExplorer-like traffic configuration process Includes special IxExplorer features not explicit with the wizard – ARP resolution for Destination Mac Address – User Defined Fields

All Flow groups based on Tx Port + unique index – Flow groups can be duplicated – Index not visible

Stats for all quick flow groups reported as single traffic item

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Starting Quick Flow Groups Initial query during startup is Tx port (default is 1) – – – –

Can create multiple flow groups per Tx Port Similar to creating streams with IxExplorer Default encapsulation based on port type Rx Port is left unknown

Most configuration parameters are set through the grid – Columns in grid can be customized with Column Chooser – Available columns DEPEND on protocol encapsulation – i.e., no L3 available until IP is added to the stack.

More detailed customization can be done with Flow Group Editor

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Quick Flow Group Attributes All quick flow groups are handled as a single traffic item – All can be disabled or enabled as a group only – Changes to protocol configuration require all quick flow groups “regenerate flows” as a group – Aggregate traffic from all flow groups displays in one line in traffic item statistics table – Stats displayed as a single flow for each flow group

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Configuring Quick Flow Groups All aspects of traffic configuration same as traffic wizard except: – Cannot create flow groups based on specific frame field value – Ingress tracking limited to flow group + index • 1 flow per flow group

– User Defined Fields can be created – Traffic item name cannot be changed

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Lab Steps

Step 1: Continue with protocol configuration from prior labs Step 2: Add ports to quick flow groups

Step 3: Use the flow group editor to set traffic & packet parameters Step 4: Enable tracking Step 5: Apply traffic configuration and start traffic measurements

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Lab Topology

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Lab Tips To complete the lab (Hints)

– Validate traffic configuration and be aware of errors, warnings and other information – Be sure you’ve selected the proper Rx port – Watch for packet loss on any flow – flow group may be misconfigured – Complete packet preview is not available – Packet capture would be best way to confirm UDF configuration

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Discussion 1.

2.

3.

What specific feature provided with quick flow groups is NOT available with the advance traffic wizard? What does the warning message “Oversubscribed” imply?

What are the two ways one can modify the configuration of a flow group?

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Points to Remember Only Frame size and Frame rate may be changed while traffic is running Total frame rate for all traffic items may not exceed 100% per port

Egress Tracking must be set the same for all traffic items While traffic is running, only frame size and rate may be changed

Traffic items created by the wizard must be coordinated with quick flow groups to avoid errors or warnings

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Where Can I Learn More? RFC’s IEEE docs White papers from Ixia website The Black Book Ixia Assistant

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Lab 5: Raw Traffic using Quick Flow Groups Objectives We will use the protocol configuration from the first lab exercise to provide DUT routing information only. Our creation of flow groups will not use this information but we will rely on the DUT being able to forward traffic to those advertised networks. This would be the equivalent of creating raw traffic with the traffic wizard but without the need to for manual ARP resolution. We will also include egress field tracking. 

Use quick flow groups to create flow groups across our assigned ports.



Use the packet editor to customize the traffic in each flow group to direct it to a specific range of hosts.



Use the packet editor on each flow group to use a range of IP TOS values

Topology Each port on the Ixia will emulate three neighboring routers. While the routing protocol is running, each router will advertise a single route range of 10 consecutive networks. All configuration parameters are found in Table 1 in Appendix A.

01 Ago ura Roa d

Figure 6. Logical Lab Topology

Cala bas as, CA 913 02 [Toll Free US 1. 877. FOR .IXIA )

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Lab Procedure 1. Continue with the protocol configuration from Lab 2 and leave the protocol running. Go ahead and delete any traffic items you have already created. To do this, go to ”L2-3 Traffic Items” in the resource tree on the left hand side of the GUI and click on it. From here, highlight Lab 4 traffic item from middle pane and right click. Select “Delete selected items” and hit “OK”.

NOTE: If you have reset your ports, either restore your saved configuration or rerun your wizard configurations and restart the protocol. The protocol must be running correctly at this point before you proceed. 2. Back in the Home menu, select Add Traffic and use the drop down to select “L2-3 Quick Flow Group”.

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3. Select just your first port. Each port will constitute a flow group based on the number selected in the upper right. Leave this value as 1. Click on OK.

4. Each flow group is equivalent to a stream and the usual stream parameters can be configured very much analogous to IxExplorer but with the added benefit of the packet editor.

NOTE: There are many ways to configure the flow groups themselves. For now, we will use the table (grid) approach to set as many parameters as the table will allow. We will then bring up a more detailed configuration screen to set up additional items.

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5. On the first port, where this is displayed as the Tx port, click in the cell for the Rx Port (which should indicate None.) Select the down arrow to bring out a window where you will select the other port. Click on OK.

6. The default is Ethernet II frame format. Select the top cell under Encapsulation; left click to select the cell then click again on the down arrow to bring up an abbreviated view for the Stack Diagram of the packet editor. Select IPv4 to append this to the stack. 7. You now have appended an IPv4 header to the frame. You may continue to append additional headers. Add a UDP header to the frame as well. You can remove this layer by clicking on the red X alongside the header. A more complex protocol stack can be saved and reused at a later time by clicking on the floppy icon. We can also set IP and MAC addresses here but we will defer this as the two ports must have different IP addresses. Click on OK.

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8. By adding IP and UDP to the protocol stack, we can customize the title bar to better suit our needs and continue using the grid to complete our configuration. Place the cursor in the title bar and right click. Select Column Chooser.

9. You now have the column chooser which is available for all tables. Among the Visible Columns, select and move (to the left) Preamble Size, CRC, Frame Payload and Transmission as we are not concerned with these for this exercise. On the left side, expand L3 and IPv4 and move to the right side IPv4 Destination Address, Source Address, and after expanding IP Priority and TOS, IP4: Precedence. Move these fields up to just after Flow Group Name. We also want to set the TOS bits but this method will not allow us access to fields smaller than a byte. Select OK when done.

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10. Click under Dest MAC Mode and select ARP from the drop down menu. Make sure to move your mouse cursor onto another column. Ex. Select the IPv4: Source field.

NOTE: We will forward traffic from and to specific hosts within a single network among the advertised network ranges. We derive these values from how we know the protocol has been configured. This is almost equivalent to raw traffic. Many combinations are possible here. 11. Under IP Destination and Source address for the port, select the cell then select the down arrow. Enter values shown below. X is your assigned user number.

12. Under IP: Precedence, click in the top cell and select from the drop down menu List. Enter TOS values 2 and 5 . Click on OK.

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13. In the 2nd tab across the top called “Quick Flow Group Options” make sure to enable both Ingress and Egress Tracking (in that order.) For Egress Tracking, set the Offset drop down menu to IPv4 TOS Precedence (3 bits.)

14. We are done configuring the Quick Flow Groups. 15. Now let’s go apply the traffic and start transmitting. Make sure you are in the Home tab and first use the drop down under L2-3 Traffic to apply and then go back a 2nd time to start transmit.

© IXIA 2012 FEBRUARY

Introduction to IxNetwork

16. And then we can start the L2-3 Traffic.

17. Click on Traffic Item Statistics and note that all traffic for all flow groups created under Quick Flow groups appears as a single item on one line. The stats are an aggregate for all flow groups.

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18. Deselect all of the statistic views except Data Plane Port Statistics and Flow Statistics. Arrange these two tables horizontally by selecting the Views tab then selecting the second arrangement from the left with a single window on top and 2 side by side on the bottom. Note that they contain nearly the same information. For quick flow groups, you implicitly create a flow group for each Tx port which thus equates each line in the Data Plane Port stats.

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19. Select the Flow Statistics table again. For the line that again represents the flow of traffic from port 1 to port 2, right click in that line and in the pop out menu, select Ingress/Egress Statistics  Ethernet:IPv4 TOS Precedence.

20. Deselect the Flow Statistics table so only the User Define Stats table is displayed. This table is implicitly reduced to display only the non-zero statistics for both ports. This can significantly reduce the size of the table when egress tracking on a field that may be much wider than 8 bits. Note also that as you scroll across, the Tx and Rx Port columns remain visible. Columns can be rearranged by click and dragging them across to the desired position.

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Analysis Quick Flow Groups allows us to circumvent the formalities of the traffic wizard and quickly create simple flow groups based on the Tx port. All flow groups created under Quick Flow Groups appear as a single traffic item as if created all together by the wizard and traffic item statistics displays an aggregate count of all statistics for all these flow groups. As before, each flow group has a limited amount of independence from other groups. Traffic can be individually turned on or off or paused. The bandwidth rate and packet size can be dynamically modified while traffic is running.

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Introduction to IxNetwork

Appendix A Parameter Tables Labs 1-5: Port Assignments XMV-16 User

Port 1

Port 2

Card/Slot

Port

Card/Slot

Port

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

3

1

4

3

1

5

1

6

4

1

7

1

8

5

1

9

1

10

6

1

11

1

12

7

1

13

1

14

8

1

15

1

16

9

2

1

2

2

10

2

3

2

4

11

2

5

2

6

12

2

7

2

8

13

2

9

2

10

14

2

11

2

12

15

2

13

2

14

16

2

15

2

16

Appendix A: Parameter Tables

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Lab 2a: BGP Lab Parameter Table TESTER (Ixia) User

Port

Gateway Address

First AS #

1

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.1.1

Port 2 — EBGP 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

First IP Address

First Network in Route Range

65001

20.3.1.2/24

200.1.1.0/24

20.3.2.1

65011

20.3.2.2/24

203.1.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.3.1

65001

20.3.3.2/24

200.2.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.4.1

65021

20.3.4.2/24

203.2.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.5.1

65001

20.3.5.2/24

200.3.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.6.1

65031

20.3.6.2/24

203.3.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.7.1

65001

20.3.7.2/24

200.4.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.8.1

65041

20.3.8.2/24

203.4.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.9.1

65001

20.3.9.2/24

200.5.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.10.1

65051

20.3.10.2/24

203.5.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.11.1

65001

20.3.11.2/24

200.6.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.12.1

65061

20.3.12.2/24

203.6.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.13.1

65001

20.3.13.2/24

200.7.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.14.1

65071

20.3.14.2/24

203.7.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.15.1

65001

20.3.15.2/24

200.8.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.16.1

65081

20.3.16.2/24

203.8.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.17.1

65001

20.3.17.2/24

200.9.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.18.1

65091

20.3.18.2/24

203.9.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.19.1

65001

20.3.19.2/24

200.10.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.20.1

65101

20.3.20.2/24

203.10.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.21 .1

65001

20.3.21.2/24

200.11.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.22.1

65111

20.3.22.2/24

203.11.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.23.1

65001

20.3.23.2/24

200.12.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.24.1

65121

20.3.24.2/24

203.12.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.25.1

65001

20.3.25.2/24

200.13.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.26.1

65131

20.3.26.2/24

203.13.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.27.1

65001

20.3.27.2/24

200.14.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.28.1

65141

20.3.28.2/24

203.14.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.29.1

65001

20.3.29.2/24

200.15.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.30.1

65151

20.3.30.2/24

203.15.1.0/24

Port 1 — IBGP

20.3.31.1

65001

20.3.31 .2/24

200.16.1.0/24

Port 2 — EBGP

20.3.32.1

65161

20.3.32.2/24

203.16.1.0/24

© IXIA 2012 FEBRUARY

Introduction to IxNetwork

Lab 2b: OSPF Lab Parameter Table User

Port

Gateway Address

1

Port 1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16

TESTER (Ixia) First IP Address

First Network in Route Range

20.3.1.1

20.3.1.2/24

200.1.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.2.1

20.3.2.2/24

203.1.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.3.1

20.3.3.2/24

200.2.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.4.1

20.3.4.2/24

203.2.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.5.1

20.3.5.2/24

200.3.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.6.1

20.3.6.2/24

203.3.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.7.1

20.3.7.2/24

200.4.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.8.1

20.3.8.2/24

203.4.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.9.1

20.3.9.2/24

200.5.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.10.1

20.3.10.2/24

203.5.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.11.1

20.3.11.2/24

200.6.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.12.1

20.3.12.2/24

203.6.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.13.1

20.3.13.2/24

200.7.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.14.1

20.3.14.2/24

203.7.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.15.1

20.3.15.2/24

200.8.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.16.1

20.3.16.2/24

203.8.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.17.1

20.3.17.2/24

200.9.1 .0/24

Port 2

20.3.18.1

20.3.18.2/24

203.9.1 .0/24

Port 1

20.3.19.1

20.3.19.2/24

200.10.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.20.1

20.3.20.2/24

203.10.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.21.1

20.3.21.2/24

200.11.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.22.1

20.3.22.2/24

203.11.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.23.1

20.3.23.2/24

200.12.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.24.1

20.3.24.2/24

203.12.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.25.1

20.3.25.2/24

200.13.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.26.1

20.3.26.2/24

203.13.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.27.1

20.3.27.2/24

200.14.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.28.1

20.3.28.2/24

203.14.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.29.1

20.3.29.2/24

200.15.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.30.1

20.3.30.2/24

203.15.1.0/24

Port 1

20.3.31.1

20.3.31.2/24

200.16.1.0/24

Port 2

20.3.32.1

20.3.32.2/24

203.16.1.0/24

Appendix A: Parameter Tables

203