Intestinal Flukes

TREMATODES- Intestinal Flukes -

FLAT and LEAF-like except for Schistosomes which are elongated One or more VENTRAL SUCKERS on ventral surface (muscular) Heterophide in GENITAL SUCKER (Gonotyl) ALIMENTARY CANAL: consists of short median anterior portion which bifurcates to form 2 posterior portions ANTERIOR PORTIONS: has muscular pharynx POSTERIOR PORTIONS: end blindly which are usually unbranched although some species have many branches called CAECA MONOECIOUS except for schistosoma DEFINITIVE HOST: man 1st IH: snail 2ND IH: WATER CHESNUT, MULLET, FRESHWATER FISH, SNAIL, CRAB

Fasciolopsis buski

Heterophyes heterophyes

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Giant intestinal fluke

Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in FRESHWATER VEGETABLES

1st Intermediate host 2nd intermediate host MORPHOLOGY ADULT Size Shape Color Testis Ovary

Echinostoma ilocanum

Von seibold’s fluke

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Metagonimus yokogawai

Garrison’s fluke

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Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in FISH

Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in SNAIL

Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in FISH

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Planorbids snails: Segmentina Hippeutis Gyraulus Eliocharis tuberos Trapa Zizania kangkong

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Brackish water snail Pirenella Cerithidae

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Gyraulus convexiusculus Hippentis umbilicus

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Mugil (Mullet) Tilapia

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Pila luzonica Pila conica Vivipaira angulares

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20-75mm x 8-20mm

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< 2 mm

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2.5-6.6mm x 1-1.5mm

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Elongated oval fleshy

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elongated oval/pyriform grayish

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x

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reddish grey

2 dendritic in tandem

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2 ovoid at posterior end

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Globular or slightly lobed/  subglobose at submedian or pre-post-

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Single(1) branched to right midline TRANS BY: LOMJA  TRANS BY: LOMJA 

Yokogawa’s fluke

2 deeply lobed and in tandem at quarter of body Front of testes

Semisculospira Thiara Hua Libertine Plecoglossus Salmo Altivelis perryl

Rounded posterior and tapering end

 3rd

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2 oval obliquely

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Globose at junction of mid and lower 3rd of body

Uterus

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convoluted

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Vitellaria

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Oral sucker

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Lateral to ceca in mid of the body ¼ size of ventral sucker

Cuticle Caeca EGGS Size Shape Color Covering

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PATHOGENESIS

With large polygonal follicles in lateral posterior 3rd With short pharynx, large ventral sucker Some with gonotyl/genital sucker Scale like spine

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coiled between ovary and ventral sucker Crescent shaped Posterior half At center of circumoral disc (49-51) Ventral sucker: anterior 5th of body

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Coarse in fan shape

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Large ventral sucker with genital opening

Plaque like spine

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Scale like spine

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Simple

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With small spine

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Unbranched reach up to posterior end

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

130-140 um

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20-30 um

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83-116 x 1-1.35 um

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Operculated ellipsoidal Yellow brown

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operculated Ovoid Light brown

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Operculated Ovoid Straw colored

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Clear Thin shell With operculum at one end

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Thick shell  With operculum that fits it Does not have abopercular protuberance Slight shoulder at rim of operculum at times knob at posterior pole fully developed miracidia at  oviposition 1. Inflammation to site 2. Excessive mucus production sloughing off of superficial layers 3. Colicking pain and mucoid diarrhea

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Stage(feces)

testicular x

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undeveloped 1. Attachment to bowel mucosa  local inflammation - Ulceration - at times hemorrhage 2. HEAVIER infection  abdominal pain - suggestive of duodenal ulcer - diarrhea - stools profuse light yellow and undigested food 3. Vitamin B12

TRANS BY: LOMJA  TRANS BY: LOMJA 

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EGGS AND ADULT A. HEART and BRAIN - Heart failure - Intercerebral hemorrhage B. Eggs dislodge in spinal cord - Sensory or motor loss at the level of lesion

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Operculated

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Light yellow

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Thin shell Nodular thickening at posterior end

immature

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mature miracidia at oviposition

1. 2. 3. 4.

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Inflammation at site HEAVY INFECTION  Diarrhea (sometimes BLOODY) Abdominal pain Absorption of worm metabolites  general intoification

malabsorption 4. Intestinal obstruction 5. Edema 6. Ascites

DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT INFECTIVE STAGE DIAGNOSTIC STAGE

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 Praziquantel

METACERCARIA

TRANS BY: LOMJA  TRANS BY: LOMJA 

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 Praziquantel

METACERCARIA

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 Praziquantel

METACERCARIA

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Praziquantel

METACERCARIA