interview questions

c 1: What is difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller ?
c   c 
c c  cc
 c c c c c c c  ccc cc c cc
c c
c c
 c c c c c c
cc
 ccc
c

c
c 
c cc c
c c cc
c c c c 2: Why is Zener Diode always used in Reverse Bias condition ? ! c"
c
cc# c

 c
c" $c%c
&c c  c
 c
c 
cc  c c"c# c c$c$ c
c 
cc
cc$c  
 c c 
c
 c  c$c c#
c cc$ c'c$c$ c
 c 
c c
c" &# c$ c(c
c c c#
c
c cc c$  c ( &# cc
cc
 c c cc c#
ccc) c
c
 c  
  ccc 
c

c$ c*#
c
c  c

c" c c
c 
+c'
c" &# c$ c
c
c cc,) c$ ,cc) c
c c 3: Difference between FM and AM, which is preferred & its advantages.cc 'c
c $  cc- c$c c :c .c ÿc

 c-   c c# $c
cc
"cc
 cc "

c 
cc#
c$
c
$c
 cc 
c 
c* "c/0(+c#cc  c c
 c /c ! $c c
c  
c c  cc  c cc# $c c#c   c c 1 c 
 c
 c"# c 
"
c 
 c 2c ÿc 
c#c 0c !c
c$
c  cc
$ c 
c#c 3
 $  cc- 4c .c 1
c   
 c
c
 c
 cc   cc- ccc   
 c c  c
 c /c - c
 c  c c
55
c   cc
cc
c c c
c"# c  
c c
$cc
$c#
c c
$c c
 c c
 c ccc  c c c#c  
c#
c cc" &c" c
 c cc
c& 5 # $5  
 c   c c $c c
 c- c# $c  c
 c c c c c" &c c cc( #
c* cc c/c
c c+c 2c c
 c
$c c 
cc c c D: Questions on different coding techniques ?

c : Questions on signal processing techniques ? Analog signal processing  c
 c
c
cc
 c c $c c" c


)c c
c 
 c 
c  c  c c$

 c c'
c
$$c
 c
c

cc

c 
$c
c 
$c
c 

$c
c
 c c c
cc c
$$c  5
 c

cc c c

 c*   c
c c$ 5  c 

+c$ 5 c
$ 5 c
 c c 5 &cc Discrete time signal processing 3
c
c
 c
c
cc c
 c c c 
c c
c  c c 
c
c
c
c c cc c  
)c
c
c"c c
c 
c  c
5
c
 c
c
c c  c" c c
c$
cc

c c cc

c c
5
$

 c
c c c
c c c " &c
c
c'
c  c# c ccc

 c
 c
c*c "#+c c
c
cc
c $ c
cc
 )c
 c 'c cc
5
c
 c
c ccc c
 c


c c  "
c c  
 c" 
cc

 c
 c
c#
c &
c  
) 
 c c
c 
 
 c Digital signal processing 3

 c
 c
c
cc
 c c $c" c


)c6
c
c c" c   5ccc" c

 c

cc c17c
5  "c c

 cc

)

 c
 cc*316c
+c c c 6: What is RS in RS-232 ? 15//c*  c1  c5c//+c
c c
 
 c  cc"
 c
c 
 
 c"# c$
cc
cc  ccc# c$
c &cc  cc
c
cc'c$
c c  ccc c c3'8c*  c
c  
 +c c378c*  c
 
 c 
 +9cc c

cc cc
$ c

7: What is Lenz law ?c c  c
c c
c # c
cc c

 c cccc
 cc c 
c
c# $cc
c c
c
$cc*+c
c c c
c
c # c
c c c

 c cc c
c#cc#ccc c#
c c c
cccc c
cc
 cc c cc c  
c
cc
c cc"c
cc c

 c ccc cc
cc
 cc c c 
ccc
c c ccc 
c c
cc
c cc c cc
cc c

 c cccc c c 8: What is Transmission Frequency of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX ? (cc c 
c  c c   5
c cc#
cc cc  c"
c c c 
c &cc
c ccc:;c" c*.c ' c c 11.Which interrupt has the highest priority? c ' 6c cc
c

 c c

12.Name  different addressing modes? c 
c3
c 
c 
c

c
c 
cc c 13.How many interrupts are there in 808? c 'c c./c
c
c0c c 1D.What is clock frequency for 808? c c '1cc 'c  c#
ccc  c
cccc cc$ c c c c  
$c   4

  
cc c

c c c

c
 
c 2
c 3
c 4
c 5
c 6
c
c 
c 
c

Flip flop and their working
What is metastable state in flip-flops? Construct a d flip-flop from a t flip-flop
Differentiate b/w flip-flop and latches What is totem pole? Draw the state graphs for a given problem like sequence generator, flip flop etc Implement Boolean expressions using MUX (2 to 4,3 to ,etc) Design a decade counter Explain internal organization of memory chips What is a bit? What is CMOS? Draw the circuit of an adder using NAND gate What is a Karnaugh map?

0
c What are the four methods to reduce a Boolean? 
c What is the difference b/w half adder and full adder? 2
c What are the advantages of CMOS and TTL?What technology is used in CMOS logic?What are VLSI and ULSI? What is the number of components in both? 3
c Explain synchronous and asynchronous counter 4
c Minimize the function using Quine McClusky:f=xy+x͛y+yz+x͛y͛z͛ 5
c What is prime implicant? Which is the universal flip-flop? 6
c What is SRAM and DRAM? Compare the two, relative cost of the two

c What will happen in the case of a power failure for the above? 
c What is tristate or high impedance state? 
c What are the difference between open collector output and totem pole out put? 20
c Find the highest clocking frequency of a digital circuit give the rise time ,fall time and propagation delay? ·
c 
c c

 
c Obtain a square wave from sine wave from Zener diodes
2
c What is the difference between oscillator and multivibrator? 3
c What is emitter follower? What is an opamp? 4
c What is the ideal gain of an opamp? 5
c ow is amplification possible in a transistor? 6
c Classify power amplifiers
c ow does a diode look(internally)? Explain the working using internal diagram 
c Explain processes taking place in the depletion junction of a forward biased diode 
c What is a buffer? What is the gain of a buffer? 0
c What is an oscillator? 
c ow do you forward bias a transistor? 2
c What are the practical applications of a transistor? 3
c What is reverse recovery time and how does it affect a diode? 4
c Draw and explain the working of a monostable vibrator using op amp 5
c State Thevenin͛s theorem and Norton͛s theorem
What are their applications? 6
c What is the virtual ground in an op amp? 
c Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor ‰ c·
 
c What is a thyristor and differentiate between thyristor and a diode 2
c Switching action of an SCR and triggering
Draw the diagram of thyristor 3
c Draw an internal block diagram of a normal voltage stabilizer 4
c What is a reference variable?    c 
c Define control systems
Why are they so important? 2
c What are the different types of control systems? 3
c Explain open loop with block diagram examples 4
c What are the advantages and drawbacks of closed loop? 5
c ow can you design a stable system? Explain different stability criteria 6
c Explain Ruth-urwitz rule in one sentence
What are poles and their significance?
c Is there any control system in this room(interview hall)? 
c Draw the block diagram of a control system and write its transfer function 
c What is ROC? Explain transformation between s and z planes 0
c Differentiate between open and closed loop control systems 
c What is meant by adaptive control system? 2
c Find the transfer function of a given RLC circuit   




c What is packet switching and circuit switching? What is the protocol used in telephone network? 2
c What is modulation? Why is needed? What are the various types?Compare AM,FM, PM
Which waves will travel a longer distance- FM or AM and why? 3
c What is the mode of transmission of television signals?

4
c Compare the bandwidth requirements of AM and FM 5
c What do you know about antennae? 6
c Why is linking up frequency greater than the down linking frequency?   c c c c
 
c What is a modem? Draw its internal diagram 2
c What is VoIP? 3
c What is the most important advantage of Bluetooth? 4
c What is wave studio? What is Bit rate? 5
c What is the difference between mp3 and WAV formats? 6
c What is sampling? What is a database? What is VDL? What is a complier?
c What is FSF? Cite any current relevance 
c Volume control in TV is logarithmic
Why? 
c What is the mathematics used in DSP and from which domain to which domain is it converted? 0
c Differentiate between macros and functions in C
Explain the booting process of a computer
What is round robin technique of interrupt arbitration

c c c c c c c c c c c c c

1. Expand ECE.c 8
cDc7
 
 c8 

c 2. What is Electronic?c 'c  c c c c 
 c $
c c  c " c  
cc#c c  c c c
  c c 
c 3. What is communication?c 7
 
 c  c  
c c 
 c c c  
c #
c  c c c 
c ccc
c"
c cc
$c*+
 
 c c c 
c c cc c cc c c c
 
 c D. Different types of communications? Explain.c  c c

 c
 
 c c c  c c
cccc &
c c 
cc$
c
 c*c c$
+c

c  
c
c
c
cc3

 c ccc c
c" &
cc
 c
c

c"
 c c#cc 
cc$
c  c
c c" c c
cc,.,c c,,c 3

 c 
 c c
 c c 
c  
 c c  

 c c 
 c
c c   c c
c 

 c
 
 c c"c c #
c
c 

 c c #c  
 c
c c$ cc# c c#
c c
 c . What is engineering?c 'c 
 
 cc
 ccc cc
 c c c
 c
c#
c c& #c c c   
 c c  c 
 c 
c " c  c 
 c c  
c
c


c #
c % c c $c # c c c  
  c c  
c c c c ccc" 
cc &
c 6. Difference between electronic and electrical.c 8
c #&c  c 37c c #
c c $ c  c c 52$37c c L2$37c c c 
c $
c
c c
c c   c # c c c #
c "c c  c

c #
c #
c  $cc7c$ c c c
ccc 
c37c$ c c" cc$
c 8 4c7c 
c'cc 8
c $
c c 
c $ c *./$7c /2$7c +c 8
c $
c  c c "c 
 c c  c  c 37c c "c #
c "c c 37c $ c "$c 2$c 8 4c c
  c
c c
c$cc 7. What is sampling?c 'ccc"

c ccc cc c 
c 
 cc
c*+c
cc c c 
c c

8. State sampling theorem.c c c c#
c &
cc cc c 
c
 c
c cc"c & c c c c 
c c
c  ccc c c#
cccc   c cc

c  
c c
c& # c cc> 
c c 9. What is cut-off frequency?c 'c   c c#
cc c
c5(c#
cccc 
c c 10. What is pass band?c 6 " c
cc cc  
cc# $ c c c cc c
c#
c "
c   c 11. What is stop band?c c" c
c c " c c  
c "# c 

c

c
c #
c c

cc c c 
c c  c 

c c c c 
 c c c c   
 c
c "$c c  
c" c   
 c$c 12. Difference between mobile and a cell phone.c 'c
c c
 c%c  cc#
c
cc  cc  cc
c(

c
c
c  c c "
c c
c F1c c 1c 
 c c c  c c c  c 8$ c
c 8c c c 
c 'c = c  c
c c ,  ,c #
c
c 8 
c  c  c

c 
c

c

c

%
$c 
c c  c   c
c
c  c

c 
c c ,
c  ,c '
c
 c
c(

c c
 c8 
c
c c$
 c
c cc
c#cc $ c c
&c
c c$ c 
c c
c
&c c&c'c
cc c

c c c cc8 
c cc
c#
cccc#
cc cc c
c 13. Explain RF?c


c   c* -+c
c c   cc cc
 
 c#

cc cc "cc 
$cfeedbackcc cc csystemcc
$c
cc c
9c   c#
ccc c 
 c c   c Positivec" &4c'
c cc
 cc6

$c" &c
ccc

c , 
$c   
 ,c
c cfeedbackcc  c
c #
c c  c  c cperturbationc*" 
 c c c  c
c c  
 c c  
 c
c " c  c c
 c 
+c
c c  c 

 c c c " 
 c  c   c c  c  c  c c c " 
 c
c c 
c 

 c
c  c cnegative feedbackc c (
 c" &4c#
c c
c
 cc cc 31. Advantages of negative feedback over positive feedback.c c  
 c  c " c 
$ c " c  c c  
$c " &c c " c  
$c " &c c  c  c # c  

"
c  c 6

$c " &c 
c c 
$ c    c c c  c c  c  c c  c # c c  

"
c  c
" c 
c 
c cc 32. Example for negative feedback and positive feedback.c 8 ccS$c" &c
c555

c  ccL$c" &c
cScA
 c 33. What is Oscillator?c  c
 c
c c

c c c c# $ccc c
c c
c'c#c 
c cc
 c c 
c c  
 c'c 
c
 c $cc $c# $c#
c  
 c
 c $c# $c#
c c c 3D. What is a transducer and transponder?c c c
c

c $
c   celectricalcelectroniccelectromechanicalcelectromagneticcphotonicc cphotovoltaicc c  $c  c  c cenergycc  
 c 
"c c c c $ 
c c

c   c c
 
 c c  ctelecommunicationccc  c*5_

5 c c 
c ""$
cc?63 c?6>3 c'63 cc'6+c cc#
c
4c ác ác

 cautomaticcdevicec creceivescamplifiesc retransmitsc csignalc c c 
 cfrequencyc*c broadcast translator+c  c  
c$
c c 
c c
cmessage
cresponsecc c 
c
$c
 c

ác

creceiver-transmitterc c#
c  c c c
 c c celectroniccinterrogationc

ccommunications satelliteJcchannelsc c  c   c " c  c
c c   ctransceiverccrepeaterc 3. What is an Integrated Circuit?c  c
 c

c*7+c c c c

c
c c
c

cc c c 

 c
c'
c
c $  c c#cc#c#c
c c c$ c  c
)c 36. What is crosstalk?c 7 &c
c c c c
 c  c " c 
 c
c  " c  c 'c c  c c
c 
c c # c $ 
 c cc c7 &c c c c
c 
c$

 c #&
c 
 c c$ c
c
 c 37. What is a rectifier?c c

c c  
c c
c
c c'
cc
c c

 
 c 'cc
c cc

c cc 5# $c5# $c c"
cc

c
cc 
cc c
$c#
c c
c c
c  
c c