Internship report on Sui Gas

1.0

Introduction of Organization

1.1 Nature of Organization Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited is the largest integrated gas company serving more than 2.7 million consumers in north central Pakistan through an extensive network in Punjab and North West frontier province. The company has over 43 years of experience in operation and maintenance of high pressure gas transmission and distribution system. It also has expanded its activities to undertake the planning, designing and construction of pipelines, for both itself and other organization. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited in a region of the nation that has a rapidly growing demand for natural gas and power generation due to significant industrial development.

1.2 Natural Gas Natural gas, as the name implies, is found in gaseous form naturally, underground at varying depths and geographical formations. It is one of the most abundant energy sources in Pakistan, and because it is produced domestically, it is not subject to foreign disruptions of price or supply. Comprised primarily of methane, natural gas is odorless and colorless when it comes out of the ground. After impurities are removed, the natural gas is introduced into the pipeline system where it is transported to the consumers. Prior to distribution, a harmless odorant is added to the gas so any leakage can be easily detected before an unsafe situation occurs. In addition to this "rotten egg" odor, natural gas has some built-in safety features. It is lighter than air, so it will rise and dissipate into the atmosphere in the event of a leak. And it has a very narrow combustion range, igniting only when mixed with air at a ratio of between 4 and 14 percent. Any mixture higher or lower than that range and natural gas simply won't burn. It also requires a very high degree of heat, at least 1200 degrees Fahrenheit, before it will ignite. Once combustion occurs, natural gas is one of the cleanest-burning fuels available today. When it is burned properly, the only emissions are carbon dioxide (which is what we exhale when we breathe) and water vapor. Because of its clean-burning properties, natural gas has become the environmental fuel of choice for many residential, 1

commercial and industrial applications. Such applications include: space heating, water heating, cooking, and as a fuel for fireplaces, vehicles, power plants, commercial and industrial boilers, as well as commercial and industrial processing.

1.3 Establishment of OGRA The federal government promulgated the natural gas regulatory authority ordinance in January 2000 based on the bill already passed by the national assembly in1999. Under the ordinance, natural gas regulatory authority ordinance was established to regulator the transmission, distribution and sale of natural gas, including determination of gas tariffs of the companies with the prime objective of safeguarding the consumer's interest. later, federal government decided to enlarge the scope of natural gas authority and consequently the oil & gas regulatory authority ordinance was promulgated in march, 2002 which included the technical regulations of refineries, oil storages, oil pipelines, oil marketing companies, compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas regulatory authority ordinance was subsumed in oil & gas regulatory authority. consequent upon oil & gas regulatory authority was establishment on 28th march, 2002 and with effect from march 15, 2003 federal government assigned to oil and gas regulation authority for the regulation of liquefied petroleum gas and compressed natural gas sectors in the country and has designated the oil & gas regulatory authority as an authority in place of the director general (gas) of the ministry of petroleum and natural resources. ten main gas companies are working in Pakistan under the oil & gas regulatory authority, 1. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited. 2. Sui Southern Gas Company Limited. 3. Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (Such Gas Field). 4. Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (Bhal Syedan Field). 5. Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (Nandpur & Panjpir Fields). 6. Central Power Generation Company Limited. 7. Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited. 8. Fuji Fertilizer Company Limited. 9. Pakistan Petroleum Limited. 10. Meri Gas Company Limited

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1.4 Overview of organization I am discussing about the sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited, which is working in province Punjab and north west province. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited was incorporated as a private company in June 1963 with the object of transmission and distribution of natural gas in Punjab, North West frontier province, and the federal capital area. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited was later converted into a public limited company in January 1964 under the companies act 1913 (now companies ordinance 1984), and is listed on three stock exchange of the company. The company took over the existing Sui-Multan system (349 Kms of 16 inch and 129 Kms of 10 inch diameter pipeline) from Pakistan industrial development corporation and Dhulian-RawalpindiWah system (132 Kms of 6 inch diameter pipeline) from Attock Oil Company limited. the company's commercial operations commenced by selling an average 47 MMCFD gas in two regions viz. Multan and Rawalpindi, serving a total number of 67 consumers. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited is the largest integrated gas company with an existing transmission system of 6,195 Kms and distribution system of 46871 Kms. The company serves more than 2.7 million consumers in north central Pakistan through an extensive network in Punjab and North West frontier province. The company has over 43 years of experience and maintenance of high pressure gas transmission and distribution system. it has also expanded its activities to undertake the planning, designing and construction of pipelines, both for itself and other organizations.

1.5 Company Profile Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) is the largest integrated gas company serving more than 3.4 million consumers in North Central Pakistan through an extensive network in Punjab and NWFP. The Company has over 46 years of experience in operation and maintenance of high-pressure gas transmission and distribution systems. It has also expanded its activities to undertake the planning, designing and construction of pipelines, both for itself and other organizations. SNGPL operates in a region of the nation that has a rapidly growing demand for natural gas and power generation due to significant industrial development. SNGPL was incorporated as a private limited Company in 1963 and converted into a public limited company in January 1964 under the Companies Act 1913, now Companies 3

Ordinance 1984, and is listed on all the three Stock Exchanges of the Country. SNGPL transmission system extends from Sui in Baluchistan to Peshawar in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) comprising over 7,347 KM of Transmission System (Main lines & Loop lines). The distribution activities covering 1,624 main towns along with adjoining villages in Punjab & NWFP are organized through 8 regional offices. Distribution system consists of 67,449 KM of pipeline. SNGPL has 3,451,142 consumers comprising Commercial, Domestic, General Industry, Fertilizer, and Power & Cement Sectors. Annual gas sales to these consumers were 584,895 MMCF worth Rs. 168,933 million during Jul 08 - Jun 09.

1.6 Company Overview • • •

Regional Establishment Administrative Structure Organizational Structure

1.6.1

Regional Establishment

Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited was incorporated as a private company in June 1963 with the object of transmission and distribution of natural gas in Punjab, North West frontier province, and the federal capital area. Sui Northern As Pipelines Limited was later converted into a public limited company in January 1964 under the companies act 1913 (now companies ordinance 1984), and is listed on the three stock exchanges of the company. In Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited, three main departments are working. 1. Transmission. 2. Distribution. 3. Project. 1.6.1.1 Transmission basically on operational out lift, the company handles the entire operation of a lengthy network of high pressure gas lines comprising 6195 km in length, varying from 6 inch to 36 inch of diameter in accordance with the mineral gas safety rules, oil and gas regulatory authority regulations and international gas transmission industry's standards.

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1.6.1.2 Distribution The company's business strategy is to maximize sales of gas by entering in to new areas through development/expansion of its infrastructure. in accordance with the policy of government of Pakistan. The company has focused on country's economic revival by out reaching industries for gas supply. During the last fiscal year, the company has provided a record number of 531 industrial gas connections resulting in displacement of imported liquid fuels to save precious foreign exchange. The share of natural gas in Pakistan’s energy supply mix has increased from 41 % to 51“, whereas that of oil has decreased from 43 % to 29 % during the last three years. The company has its gas distribution network in 831 difference towns and villages of Punjab and North West frontier province. As on June 30, 2006, the total length of distribution network of Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited stands at 46964 km. 1.6.1.3 Project Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited, as contractor, carried out construction of pipelines 8” dia, 20 km Badar gas field to Qadir pur field. Similarly an engineering, procurement and construction. Contract was successfully executed from M/s. MOL Pakistan in the shape of 10” dia, 8.75 km Makori-Kharrapa, and gas pipelines. During the year, the company successfully completed various mega projects like gas supply to Murree, Kot Radha Kishan, Lilla town (through CNG) and many other projects in difference regions of Punjab and the North West frontier province. The company has planned to undertake the project of gas supply t various southern districts of north west frontier province (with estimated cost of rs.2.1 billion) viz Hangu, Karak, Lakhi, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Tank and southern district of Punjab (with estimated cost rs.3.7 billion) viz Hasilpur, Chishtian, Mandi, Bahawalnagar, Burewala, Pak Pattan, Haroonabad, Duniapur, Karor Pakka, Vehari, Tibu Sultan, Khairpur tammawali, Yazman, Minchinabad and Fort Abbas through construction of transmission lines of 315 km and 115 km, respectively and distribution supply mains of 460 km.

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1.7 Administrative Structure Policy guidelines and overall control is vested in the elected Board of Directors as provided for in the Companies Ordinance 1984 1.8 Organizational structure Head office of the company is situated in Lahore, chairman, managing director, other departmental senior general managers and all directors offices are there. They control all the areas offices from there. All the financial and non financial matters i.e. credit from bank casting budgeting, allocation of funds matter, taxes, training to employees etc, are made under the supervision of the chief financial officer. Company has the separate internal audit department. The audit department checks that the work is being done according to the company policies, departmental procedures. The audit department periodically conducts the audit of different departments but on the other hand the audit department transfers the pre-audit function to the accounts department of limited payments. Chief financial officer is being appointed according to the clause (xv) of “code of corporate governance” by Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan. Audit committee is being established according to the clause (xxx) of “code of corporate governance” by securities exchange commission of Pakistan. These committees are established for the purpose of improving transparency and discourse in financial reporting of companies and for improving their governance to protect the interests of investors. Board of directors is elected by the share holder of the company. The managing director and the chief executive officer of the company is working under umbrella of board of directors. The board of directors who made the decision for the entire satisfaction of the investors as well as the consumer. Other the senior general managers are working under the deputy managing director who directly reports to the managing director and chief executive officer.

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1.9 Regulations Regulatory Regime comprises of: Code of Corporate Governance. Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority Ordinance (XVII of 2002) dated 28th March 2002 Natural Gas Regulatory Authority (Licensing) Rules 2002 dated 26th February 2002. Natural Gas Tariff Rules 2002 (Draft – 5 July 2002). Such other Rules and Regulatireons which the Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) may prescribe. Under the existing pricing and regulatory regimes, following operating conditions have been laid down: Allocation of gas from different sources is made by GOP while the wellhead prices are fixed by the OGRA per Petroleum Concession Agreements/contracts. Consumer selling price including sales to major consumers (i.e. power, fertilizers etc) are notified by the GOP/OGRA. SNGPL is guaranteed a rate of return @ 17.5% on its net fixed assets in operation (ROA) for meeting financial charges, taxation and a reasonable return to the shareholders. The prescribed price i.e. the price which the company is allowed to retain out of consumers selling price to meet the covenanted rate of return, is determined by OGRA.

1.10

Statements • Core Values • Objectives • Vision & Mission Statements

1.10.1Core Value COMMITMENT We are committed to our vision, mission, and to creating and delivering stakeholder value.

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COURTESY We are courteous - with our customers, stakeholders and towards each other and encourage open communication. COMPETENCE We are competent and strive to continuously develop and improve our skills and business practices. RESPONSIBILITY We are responsible as individuals and as teams - for our work and our actions. We welcome scrutiny, and we hold ourselves accountable. INTEGRITY We have integrity - as individuals and as teams - our decisions are characterized by honesty and fairness. 1.10.2

Key Objectives

Sui northern gas pipelines limited committed for; 1. Enhancement of System Capacity 2. Expansion of Transmission and Distribution Network. 3. Increase in Gas Sales. 4. Rehabilitation of Transmission and Distribution Network. 5. Reduction in Unaccounted for Gas Losses. 6. Improvement in Profitability. 7. Improvements in Consumer Services. 8. Adoption of Information Technology. 9. Human Resource Development. 10. Pursue Pipelines construction and Advisory Business 1.10.3

Vision Statement

To be the leading integrated natural gas provider in the region seeking to improve the quality of life of our customers and achieve maximum benefit for our stakeholders by providing an uninterrupted and environment friendly energy resource. 1.10.4

Mission Statement

A commitment to deliver natural gas to all door steps in our chosen areas through

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continuous expansion of our network, by optimally employing technological, human and organizational resources, best practices and high ethical standards.

1.11 Board of Directors Mian Misbah-ur-Rehman Chairman Mr. A. Rashid Lone Chief Executive/Managing Director Mr. Dr. Faizullah Abbasi Director Mr. Mansoor Muzaffar Ali Director Mr. S. M. Asghar Director Mr. Muhammad Iqbal Awan Director Mr. A. Samad Dawood Director Mr. Abdul Bari Khan Director Mr. Tariq Iqbal Khan Director Mian Raza Mansha Director Mr.Inam ur Rahman Director Malik Tahir Sarfraz Director Joint Secretary (Admin), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Resources Mr. Syed Zahir Ali Shah Director

1.12 Message From Managing Director

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Welcome to the official website of Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL), we invite you to get to know our Company by exploring this site on which you will learn about our mission, vision, objectives, core values and a host of other information. Since its inception in 1963, SNGPL has grown manifold as a result of sustained efforts, progressive outlook and dynamic approach in its operations. Our human resource capital is always there to serve you with passion and dedication. As we look ahead, we believe that SNGPL is ideally positioned for continued growth. The wealth of our Company is our customers. We view them as our stakeholders. I would welcome email messages from all stakeholders giving suggestions on ways to provide you with a better service. Should your suggestion be of particular interest to us, I would be pleased to have an opportunity to meet with you and explore them in more detail.

1.13

Profile of Employees

As on monthly report of August, 2009 there are 6994 employees are working in which 6652 employees are working as an operation, and 342 employees are working as a project.

Years 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Operation 6904 6852 6712 6916 6652

Project 264 249 209 224 342

Total 7168 7101 6921 7140 6994

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Profile of Employees

50000 40000

Operation

30000

Prpject

20000 10000

09 20

08 20

07 20

20

20

06

0 05

No.of Employees

60000

Years

The other department wise details are as under: (under the August, 2009) Department MANAGEMENT DMD SGM (HR) CFO SGM (ES)2 ACCOUNTS LOGISTIC SUPPORT AUDIT BILLING CIVIL CONST COMPRESSION CORP. AFTER DISTRIBUTION FINANCE IT/MS

Executive 5 3 2 1 2 67 49 32 67 3 40 6 123 13 37

Subordinate 7 5 2 0 2 317 544 39 866 74 249 12 2109 20 82

Total 12 8 4 1 4 384 593 71 933 77 289 18 2232 33 119 13

H.S & ENV TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT LEGAL METERING PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE OPS PROJECTS PURCHASE & STORE QUALITY & CONTROL SALES TELECOM TRANSMISSION UFG CONTROL CORROSION TOTAL

4 5 4 11 9 11 42 41 9 45 17 79 8 28 763

2 0 10 221 5 32 127 245 109 292 51 593 7 209 6231

6 5 14 232 14 43 169 286 118 337 68 672 15 237 6994

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Chapter 2 Business Operation

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2.0

Business Operation

2.1

Product Line

Although the company sales only natural gas. The main source through the Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited is obtaining gas PPL (Pakistan Petroleum Limited). However, if we think there are two types of gas. 1. Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) There details are as under;

2.1.1

Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Liquid petroleum gas it is used for filling cylinders and it is liquid from gas. Before filling the cylinders, the gas temperature is reduced and then fills the cylinders, which used for domestic purpose, welding purpose etc .

2.1.2

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

Now a day every one knows about this type of gas. It is using in vehicles; it is filled through compressed function and fill in specific pressure.

2.2

Main offices of Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited

Head office Lahore Gas house 21 Kashmir road, P.O.boxno.56, Lahore- 54000, Pakistan. Ph: (+92-42) 99080000 & 99082000 Facsimile: (+92-42) 99201369 & 99201302 Website: www.sngpl.com.pk

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Faisalabad Sargodha road. Ph: 041-9210033-35 Fax: 041-9210037 Islamabad 28-30 sector 1-9, industrial area. Ph: 051-9257710-19 Fax: 055-9257770 Lahore 21- industrial area Gurumangat road, gulberg III Ph: 042-99263361-80 Fax: 042-99263400 Multan Piran ghaib road. Ph: 061-9220081-86 Fax: 061-9220090

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2.3

Core Business

2.3.1 Gas Sources

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DESCRIPTION Sui(SML) Sui(SUL) Pirkoh+Loti TOTAL Dhodak Meyal Dhurnal Dakhni Adhi Bhanghali Sadqal Ratana Pariwali Pindori Dhullian Salsabil TOTAL Chanda Mela Makori Gurguri TOTAL Hassan Zamzama Sawan Tajjal Qadirpur Qadirpur(RAW GAS) Qadirpur (DEHYDRATED) Kandhkot Chachar Rehmat Badar TOTAL GRAND TOTAL

Total (MMCF) BALOCHISTAN 139,795 10,160 15,664 165,619 PUNJAB 2,120 518 149 17,279 14,355 54 723 366 5,166 653 692 13,807 55,882 N.W.F.P 2,608 5,775 8,865 12,949 30,197 SINDH 5,414 68,735 89,453 4,027 175,589 15,247 8,345 21,464 3,401 4,513 5,272 401,460 653,157

Avg/Day (MMCF) 383 27.84 42.92 453.76 5.81 1.42 0.41 47.33 39.33 0.15 2 1 14.15 1.78 1.9 37.82 153.1 7.14 15.82 24.3 35.5 82.76 14.83 188.32 245.1 11.03 481 41.77 22.86 58.8 9.32 12.36 14.44 1,100 1,789

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2.3.2 Transmission System •

Year Wise Increase in Transmission System

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•

Transmission Network Map

•

Segment-Wise Transmission Break-up

•

Province-Wise Transmission Breakup

2.3.2.1

Year Wise Increase in Transmission System

Year

Kms

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

3,311 3,614 3,865 4,243 4,687 4,920 5,112 5,217 5,122 5,405 5,759 5,776 6,121 6,195 6,625 7,016 7,347

% Age Increase Over Previous Year 9.15% 6.95% 9.78% 10.46% 4.97% 3.90% 2.05% -1.82% 5.53% 6.55% 0.30% 5.97% 1.20% 6.94% 5.90% 4.50%

% Age Increase from 1993 9% 17% 28% 42% 49% 54% 57% 55% 63% 73% 74% 84% 87% 100% 112% 122%

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2.3.3 Distribution System •

Gas Distribution Capacity

•

Distribution Network

2.3.3.1

Gas Distribution Capacity

The Distribution System Capacity as on 31.12.2009 is as follow. SR. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

REGION

Bahawalpur Multan Faisalabad Lahore Gujranwala Islamabad Peshawar Abbottabad TOTAL

TOTAL 306 610 530 909 316 381 237 150 3439

CAPACITY (MMCFD) CONTRACTED AVAILABLE 236 70 471 139 408 122 885 24 258 58 223 158 172 65 134 16 2787 652

The Distribution System Capacity as on 30.06.2009 is as follow. SR. No. 1

REGION Bahawalpur

TOTAL 205

CAPACITY (MMCFD) CONTRACTED AVAILABLE 234 -29

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2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Multan Faisalabad Lahore Gujranwala Islamabad Peshawar Abbottabad TOTAL

596 514 821 300 370 229 148 3183

465 396 865 240 213.5 166 131.6 2711.10

131 118 -44 60 156.5 63 16.4 471.90

2.3.3.2 Distribution Network Year Wise Increase In Distribution Network (Status as on 29.02.2008) Year

Kms

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

28,661 29,954 31,477 32,825 34,093 35,814 38,284 42,192 46,671 51,866 57,395

Increase Over the Previous Year 1,293 1,523 1,348 1,268 1,721 2,470 3,908 4,479 5,195 5,529

% Age Increase 4% 5% 4% 4% 5% 6% 9% 10% 10% 10%

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2.3.4

Year Wise Increase in Gas Consumers

Year Wise Increase in Gas Consumers as on 29.02.2008 Year 1997-98 1998 -99 1999 -00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No. of Consumers 1,637,803 1,747,320 1,887,009 1,986,583 2,113,847 2,208,968 2,340,872 2,516,795 2,723,225 2,953,818 3,102,667

Increase from Previous Year 109,517 139,689 99,574 127,264 95,121 131,904 175,923 206,430 230,593 148,849

% Age Increase Over Previous Year 7% 8% 5% 6% 4% 6% 8% 8% 8% 5%

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2.3.5

Year Wise Increase in Gas Sales

Year

Kms

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07

253,104 284,338 308,111 321,957 341,643 452,338 537,086 571,481 576,658

Increase from Previous Year Vol. in MMCF % Age 31,234 11% 23,773 8% 13,846 4% 19,686 6% 110,695 24% 84,748 16% 34,395 6% 5,177 1%

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2.3.6

Projects

Sr. No

Activity D.G Cement Line (Dera Ghazi Khan) Shakardara- Lachi Line

1 2

2.3.7

DIA (Inch)Length (KM)Commissioned On 8

8 TOTAL Budgeted Cost (Million Rs.)

26.00

03.01.2006

25.50 51.50

06.08.2005

Construction Activities in Progress

Sr. Activity No 1 Rawat – Murree Line 2 Sukho – Rawat Line Choa – Bestway Cement- D.G Cement – 3 Chakwal Cement Line 4 Makori Line for M/s MOL Pakistan Badar Gas Field – Qadirpur Gas Field Line 5 for M/s Pakistan Explorations Ltd. Budgeted Cost (Million Rs)

DIA (Inch) 12 16

Length (KM) 58.00 35.50

Commissioned On 77% 23%

10

23.00

98%

10

9

-

8

20.50

99%

Total

145.50 1125.00

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2.3.8 Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6

2.3.9

Upcoming Construction Activities Activity Hattar – Abbottabad Line

DIA (Inch) 16

Mian Channun – Hasilpur 12 Line Hasilpur – Chistaian Mandi 8 Line Lachi – Manjuwala Line 12 Hangu Line 8 Manjuwala – End Point Line 8 Total Budgeted Cost (Million Rs)

Length (KM) 62.50

Commissioned On Procurement of Material / Acquisition of Land and Preparation of Design Drawings in progress

90.00

As above

35.00

As above

85.00 35.00 195.00 502.05

As above As above As above 4200.00

Future Projects

The conceptual study of Project-IX is underway to carry maximum gas beyond Multan , to facilitate gas consumers from all walks of life in central Punjab and Northern areas of the country. The basic intent of Project-IX is the elimination of bottle necks in SNGPL’s existing transmission network and to transport gas to independent Power Plants in Punjab province, through system up-gradation with loop lines and system compression enhancement, beside construction of pipelines to absorb additional gas available from gas sources of Potohar region and newly discovered Gurguri-Makori field in Karak District of NWFP province

2.3.10 Performance 27

•

Performance for the Year (FY 2008-09)

•

Performance for the Year (FY 2007-08)

Performance for the Year (FY 2008-09) 2009 2008 (Rupees in Thousand) No of employees Operation Project Total

6,652 342 6,994

6,916 224 7,140

584,895

597,913

Consumers (in numbers)

3,451,142

3,190,181

Customers (in numbers) Industrial Commercial Domestic Total

5,953 52,242 3,358,439 3,416,634

5,442 49,176 3,101,303 3,155,921

7,347 67,449

7,016 59,951

Gas Sales (in MMCF)

Transmission and Distribution System (in Kilometers) Transmission main Distribution main and services Performance for the Year (FY 2007-08)

2008 2007 (Rupees in Thousand) No of employees Operation Project Total

6,916 224 7,140

6,712 209 6,921

597,913

576,658

Consumers (in numbers)

3,190,181

2,953,818

Customers (in numbers) Industrial Commercial Domestic Total

5,442 49,176 3101,303 3,155,921

4,425 45,925 2,869,208 2,919,558

Gas Sales (in MMCF)

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Transmission and Distribution System (in Kilometers) Transmission main Distribution main and services

7,016 59,951

6,625 52,394

2.3.11 Bill types There are different four types of bill. 1) Normal Bill 2) Provisional Bill 3) Minimum Bill 4) Estimated Bill

2.3.11.1

Normal Bill

Bill is issued as per meter reading supplied by the meter reader and calculated as per rates provided by govt. for all categories of consumer. Pressure factor is applied for the calculation of volume of gas consumed for commercial consumers, while pressure, temperature & super compressibility factor is also applied to work out volume of gas consumed by Industrial / bulk supply consumers.

2.3.11.2

Provisional bill

When meter reading could not be recorded due to following reasons, a Provisional Bill is issued to the consumer. 1) Index glass dirty/misty. 2) Water inside meter. 3) Meter covered with dust. 4) Meter covered with bushes. 5) Meter under rain water. 6) Meter installed above normal height. 7) Meter position is not approachable. 8) Meter locked inside the premises. 9) Dog at site. 10) Not allowed by the consumer.

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11) Premises not found. These 11 reasons are recorded by meter reader and reflected on your monthly bill. Provisional bill amount is 110% of the previous bill. Provisional bill amount is adjusted in next normal bill when proper reading is provided.

2.3.11.3

Minimum bill

Bill is charged as minimum due to zero consumption of gas. Bill is charged as minimum due to the gas consumption below the minimum consumption limit as per Govt. notification of minimum charges as defined below (without Meter Rent/GST): Domestic Commercial Special Domestic General Industry Cement Industry Bulk Domestic

Rs. 99.74 Rs. 1046.96 Rs. 99.74 Rs. 6646.43 Rs. 7657.34 Rs. 406.69

It is subject to change

2.3.11.4

Estimated bill

Estimated Bill is charged due to any violation of Gas Connection Rules & Regulation such as theft or if meter is sticky (Out of Order) and is unable to record the gas passing through it. Bill is charged on seasonal annual consumption. In this case average of previous year's seasonal consumption is used. There are two types of seasonal average: Summer Average = Average of ( Mar to Nov). Winter Average =Average of (Dec to Feb).

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Chapter 3 Structure of Finance Department

3.1

Structure of finance department

In the finance department, about 1331 employees are working under the supervision of chief financial officer and senior general manager finance. In the distribution office

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Faisalabad, employees are working under the senior area accountant and senior billing officer. The corporate structure of finance department to ensure accurate, timely, efficient and effective discharge of accounting functions. The depart; mental head is chief financial officer. General Manager Accounts and general manager finance are being working under the umbrella of chief financial officer. Down the line duties and responsibilities are assigned to chief accountant, deputy chief accountants, senior accountants, sectional head, executive and support staff. The structure chart of finance department is given as:

3.1.2 Finance & accounts functions The finance and accounts department is primarily responsible to keep proper books of accounts with respect to:  All sums of money received and expended by the company and the matters in respect of which the receipt and expenditures takes place.  All sales and purchases of goods by the company.  All assets of the company.  All liabilities of the company. In pursuit of the achievement of corporate objectives and targets fixed, the accounts department transacts all the activities of the company in the financial terms, record it with accuracy, manage to provide requisite funds at minimum cost, plae the surplus funds with the secured financial institutions in accordance with the approved policies of the board of directors and on overall basis acts as financial controller by establishing effective and budgetary controls.

3.1.3 Organization The corporate structure of sui northern gas pipelines limited provides for establishment of finance and accounts department to ensure accurate, timely. Efficient and effective discharge of accounting functions. The department is headed by chief financial officer. He is assisted by the general manager (finance) and general manager (accounts). Down line duties and responsibilities have been assigned to chief accountants, deputy chief accountants, senior accountants, section heads and the support staff. 3.1.3

Accounting for areas 32

3.1.3.1 Introduction In order to facilitate smooth operation of the area offices imp rest accounts are approved by the head office for making payments to contractors, suppliers, and other outside agencies and for staff claims. The cheques sent by head office are deposited in bank account which is operated jointly by the imp rest holder (area general manager) and the senior area accountant. All payments in the area are made out of imp rests on the basis of payments vouchers duly approved by the area general manager and signed by the area accountant. Each voucher is serially numbered and entered in the imp rest cash book. Reimbursement from head office is claimed on the basis of voucher entered in the imp rest cash book showing the accounts heads/job numbers and the amounts paid. Similarly receipts are recorded through credit vouchers which are also entered in the imp rest cash book. The area accountant is also responsible to monitor gas bill collection and its reconciliation, receive amounts from consumers on account of securities, and cost sharing jobs and relocation of service line jobs. The request for job cost numbers for cost sharing cases are also processed by the respective area accountants. Functions and accounting procedures  Fixation of imprest lmit _ new areas  Enhancement of imprest limited  Approval of imprest  Imprest payment at areas  Work orders/contracts  Supplier’s payments  Contractor’s payments  Receipts from outside parties  Completion of cash book  Phusical checking of cash and monitoring of bank accounts  Gas bills collection and security accounts reconciliation  Issuance of job numbers for cost sharing works  Pre-audit

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 Tax deduction  Books and records

3.1.3.2

Fixation of imprest limit _ new areas

The limit for new imprest is fixed taking into account the future estimated volume of expenses. The basis considered for this purpose is in transit period / amount and reimbursement period, which is normallu one third of total expenses in month.

3.1.3.3

Enhancement of imprest limited

The trend of expenses incerred at the area during last one year / 6 months is considered taking into account the following data for the said period which represent the total existing limit:  Expenses incurred  Bank balance  Cash in hand  Outstanding advances  In transit

3.1.3.4

Approval if imprest

On the request of area accounts, the approval from chief financial officer is obtained and new bank account is opened with the signatures of competent authority as approved by the board of directors. For enhancement of imprest, limited the justification on the basis of required data is prepared and if found feasible the approval from chief financial officer is obtained and this increase is continuously monitored.

3.1.3.5

Imprest payments at areas

Payments out of imprest are to be made by the area accountants to contractors, suppliers and for other services and to staff after approval of the competent authority.

3.1.3.6

Work orderd/contractors

Payments are made to contractors for laying distribution network, civil works, transmission lines, haulage works and for miscellaneous activities. Distribution contractors for performing various activities are approved by the company for each area from time to time. Rates for each activity are also approved / revised by the company

34

after every two years. Works orders are issued by the area general manager assigning work to each contractor. Copies of work orders are sent to accounts department. In other departments, like projects, transmission and civil contracts / work orders are awarded on the basis of competitive bidding according to the approved procedures and copies sent to accounts department. Similarly contracts for haulage of goods and for hiring of equipment are awarded on annual basis by purchase & store department according to the purchase & stores procedures and copies sent to accounts.  Check that the contract / work order has been approved by the competent authority.  Check computation and keep it in an area-wise contractors file.

3.1.3.7

Supplier’s payments

Payment to suppliers against local purchase orders should be checked with the supporting documents i.e. Local purchase order and receiving statement etc. A monthly bill paid register should be submitted to head office (bills section) duly reconciled with the payments debited to sundry creditors account in the imprest cash book. Contractor payments Above payments dully approved by the competent authority will be made after due checking of supporting documents and included in job cost columns of imprest cash book. Check that the supporting documents attached to the vouchers/claims are in agreement with the claim amount and cash memos attached, if any are proper. Receipts from outside parties Receipts on accounts of cost sharing charges, service line relocation charges etc. recorded through credit vouchers showing the appropriate account head. It will be ensured that all receipt in the form of cheques, demand draft, pay orders and cash received on company account will be deposited into bank on daily basis. The receipt if any collected after banking hours is to be deposited in company account on next working day. Completion of cash book

35

•

All payments vouchers and credit vouchers must be serially numbered accurately and entered in the imprest cash book. A data control slip should be completed and attached to the imprest cash book sent to head office for re-imbursement.

•

Before sending the imprest cash book for re-imbursement the computations and balances carried forwarded to next sheets must be confirmed. The imprest cash book must be signed by area general manager and the senior area accountant.

3.1.3.8 •

Physical checking of cash and monitoring of bank accounts

The account should check the cash physically on daily basis at the end of each day. Cash physically checked should be recorded in a register kept for this purpose and signed by the cashier and accountant showing the denomination of notes.

•

Duplicate keys for the cash chest will be held and one each will be retained by the cashier and the accountant/incharge.

•

The area accountant must monitor the bank account on continuous basis so that the balance is kept reconciled. The area accountant sends bank reconciliation by 7th of each month with amount appearing in the cash book.

•

The area accountant should monitor the regular receipt of bank statements for checking and pointing out discrepancies e.g. time barred cheques; bank charges or some other receipt not recorded in the imprest cash book.

3.1.3.9 •

Gas bills collection and security accounts reconciliation

Company has authorized various banks to collect gas bills. As per standing instructions all banks are required to transfer all collections to company’s main collection accounts on daily basis. The area accountant is required to obtain bank statements for each accounts on monthly basis and prepare proper reconciliation so as to ensure that all funds collected on behalf of the company have been transferred as per instructions. All outstanding items will be pursued for final settlement.

•

The reconciliation of the gas sales collection account will be submitted to head office by 15th of each month.

36

•

The area accounts received amounts from the prospective consumers and the connected consumers under the following heads of accounts.

•

Gas connection application fee for domestic and commercial connections.

•

Security for domestic, industrial, domestic and special domestic consumers.

•

Service line charges.

•

Additional security as and when due.

•

Re-connection fee.

•

A separate security account for depositing the amount collected in connection with gas connections and other heads as stated above has also been opened in the area. The accountant is required to collect bank statements for each account on monthly basis and prepare reconciliation. All outstanding items will pursue for settlement.

3.1.3.10

Issuance of job numbers for cost sharing works

Company undertakes cost sharing jobs and service-line relocation works on payment by consumers. Proper job number is slotted by the area accountant so as to record all cost and facilitate subsequent refund/recovery. On receipt of the completion reports these will be checked by area accounts and recovery/refund will be arranged. Pre-audit Managing director office note 921 dated November 5, 2003 pre audit functions have been transferred to accounts. The area accountant is responsible for evaluation of all purchases orders as per procedure. Pre-audit of all contract payments including partial payment certificate/final payment certificate and other purchases will be carried out as per company procedure and instructions issued from time to time. Tax deduction Deduction of tax should be made according to the relevant section of income tax ordinance, 2001 keeping in view the different rates applicable to contractors, suppliers and service contracts.

3.1.3.11

Books and record

•

Serial number-wise paid imprest voucher kept in bound form.

•

Imprest cash books pertaining to each area.

37

•

Bank reconciliation statements pertaining to cash account.

•

Daily cash reconciliation registers.

•

Security registers.

•

Stock of received goods.

•

Serial number and date wise paid and receipt vouchers.

3.1.3.12

Mobilization of funds

Cash mobilization techniques fall into two areas: •

Acceleration of receivables

•

Control of disbursements

Receivable are those funds that come into the organization’s treasury. Cash flow can be expedited

38

Chapter 4 Financial Statements and Analysis

39

4.1 Balance sheet (Liabilities) Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Balance Sheet As on June 30, 2009

2008

2007

2006

1,500,000,

1,500,000, 1,500,000,

Equity and Liabilities Share Capital and Resrves Authorized share capital 1500000000 (2006: 1500000000) Ordinary Shares of Rs 10. each 1,500,000, Issued Subscribed and paid up capital

5,491,053

5,491,053

5,491,053

4,991,866

Revenue Reserves

10,656,463

11,647,796

10,798,422

10,116,826

Total Equity

16,147,516

17,138,849

16,289,475

15,108,692

Secured

0

62,500

662,500

1,949,084

Unsecured

1,798,312

2,717,963

3,710,181

Security Deposit

11,439,969

9,068,102

7,270,407

5,865,779

Deffered Credit

32,000,133

31,386,548

23,108,412

16,663,770

Deffered Liabilities

-

-

-

-

Deffered Tax

8,178,211

7,562,412

6,752,570

6,046,992

Employee benefits

392,249

336,667

298,026

312,654

53,808,874

51,134,192

41,802,096

36,312,375

Trade and other payable

49,785,736

27,416,384

22,810,592

22,031,290

Accured Mark up/interst

552,160

396,323

467,452

548,217

Non Current Liabilites Long Term Financing

5,474,096

Current Liabilities

40

Short Term Borrowing

950,858

Current portion of long financing Taxation-net

0

1,102,980 1,561,895

0

0

2,281,243

2,559,650

0

0

0

676,345

52,391,734

29,374,602

25,559,287

25,815,502

Total Liabilities

106,200,608

80,508,794

67,361,383

62,127,877

Contingencies and commitments

0

0

0

0

Total Equity and liabilities

122,348,124

97,647,643

83,650,858

77,236,569

41

4.2 Balance sheet (Assets) Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Balance Sheet As on June 30, 2009

2008

2007

2006

Non Current Assets Property Plant and Equipments

78,345,432 62,025,792 50,053,930 43,568,193

Intangible assets

270,845

168,825

0

0

Investment in an associate company

4,900

4,900

4,978

4,900

Long term loans

235,060

224,645

222,310

209,483

Employee Benefits

347,547

357,140

0

0

Long term Deposits and prepayments

7,482

7,138

6,406

7,073

79,211,266 62,788,440 50,287,624 43,789,649 Current assets Stores and spare parts

2,171,953

2,287,084 1,089,526 1,184,140

Stock in trade- gas in pipelines

783,362

525,370

Trade debts

25,706,362 18,757,385 16,229,067 14,517,536

Loan and advances

136,766

Deposits and short term prepayments

93,573

473,404

445,772

148,403

181,414

82,111

95,428

33,293

31,926

40,988

72,756

60,760

Interest accrued

13,634

Other receivables

11,176,987 2,235,441 1,340,234 980,650

Taxation-net

1,302,429

764,521

Sales tax recoverable

434,915

1,356,339 263,233

743,507

Short term investments

0

511,096

0

Cash and bank balances

1,316,877

8,137,148 13,546,228 15,400,518

134,079 0

0

43,136,858 34,859,203 33,363,234 33,446,920 Total Assets

122,348,124 97,647,643 83,650,858 77,236,569

42

4.3 Profit and Loss Account Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Profit and Loss Account As on June 30, Profit & Loss Account

2009 160,714,7

Gross Sale

37

Add: Differential Margin

94

8,219,0 168,933,8 31 151,337,3 Cost of gas sold

39 17,596,4

Gross profit

92 990,1

Rental and service income Surcharge and interest on gas sales arrears

01 1,200,8 22 1,096,0

Amortization of deferred credit

33 3,286,9 56 20,883,4 48

2008 123,404,53 7 750,49 6 124,155,03 3 109,107,46 1 15,047,57 2 916,35 1 703,32 8 790,28 9 2,409,96 8 17,457,54 0

2007 2006 122,091,65 107,897,29 2 1 122,091,65 2 108,682,85 0 13,408,80 2 828,14 0 673,24 1 591,35 4 2,092,73 5 15,501,53 7

107,897,29 1 94,032,49 5 13,864,79 6 744,955 534,470 472,879 1,752,30 4 15,617,10 0

Operating Expenses 15,011,5 Distribution cost

29

Administrative expenses

00

11,797,77 8

1,723,2

1,379,08 0

16,734,7 29

05

08

Operating profit

22

Finance cost

82

3,496,49 241,32

3,323,48 1,446,56

1,855,11

4,770,05

653,1

1,828,39 9

5,110,28 7

789,24 7

4

8

6

346,300 4,470,86

3,255,16 9

8 2,383,4

4,817,16 4

4

8 1,210,0

Other Operating Income

10,799,93 6

3 957,19

1,173,4 14

12,005,04

4,280,68 4

1,172,86 0

4

2 2,975,3

Other operating expenses

1,312,98

13,176,85

4,148,7

9,627,07 6

3

8

19

10,692,06 1

6,299,26 3

860,71 5

1,180,20 3 43

Profit before taxation and share from associate 40 Share in profit of associate-before tax

1,730,2

3,980,80 9 -

2

40

7

04

7

36

4.4

9

1,396,81 6

2,678,18 7

4.5 5

0

7

0

5,119,06

1,571,30

2,495,84

1.6 Earrings per share- basic and diluted

4 1,484,54

930,5 Profit after taxation

0 78 4,249,49

3,980,38

799,7 Taxation

2

5,119,06

42 1,730,2

Profit before taxation

4,249,57

3,722,24 4

4.8 8

6.76

Vertical/Cross-Sectional/Common Size Analysis Techniques

Vertical/Cross-sectional/Common size statements came from the problems in comparing the financial statements of firms that differ in size. •

In the balance sheet, the assets as well as the liabilities and equity are each expressed as a 100% and each item in these categories is expressed as a percentage of the respective totals.

•

In the common size income statement, turnover is expressed as 100% and every item in the income statement is expressed as a percentage of turnover (sales).

44

4.4 Vertical Analysis Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Vertical Analysis (P&L Account) As on June 30, June,30,2006 June,30,2007 June,30,2008 June,30,2009 (Figure in Profit and loss items Gas sales Add / ( Less) : Differential Margin/ (Gas Development surcharge) Cost of Gas Sold Gross Profit Rental and Service income Surcharge and interest on gas sale arrears

Amortization of deferred credit Less: operating expenses Distribution Cost Administrative expenses

Other operating expenses Other operating income Operating profit Finance cost Profit before tax and share from associate

share in profit of associates-before tax profit before taxation less: tax profit after tax

percentage)

100

100

100

100

-1.9 98.1 85.25 12.85 0.69 0.5 0.44 14.47

-7.79 92.21 81.22 10.98 0.68 0.55 0.48 12.7

0.61 100.61 88.41 12.19 0.74 0.57 0.64 14.15

5.11 105.11 94.17 10.95 0.62 0.75 0.68 12.99

8.92 1.09 10.01 4.46 0.32 4.14 1.69 5.84 1.09 4.74 0 4.74 1.29 3.45

8.76 1.08 9.83 2.86 0.2 2.67 1.52 4.19 0.7 3.48 0 3.48 1.29 2.19

9.56 1.12 10.68 3.47 0.78 2.69 1.17 3.87 0.64 3.23 0 3.23 1.2 2.02

9.34 1.07 10.41 2.58 1.85 0.73 0.75 1.48 0.41 1.08 0 1.08 0.5 0.58

4.4.1 Vertical Analysis Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Vertical Analysis (Balance Sheet) As on June 30,

BALANCE SHEET ITMES ASSETS Non - current assets Property, plant and equipment Intengible assets

June

June

30,2006

30,2007 30,2008 (Figre in percentage)

56.41 0

59.79 0.02

June

63.66 0.03

June 30,2009

64.03 0.22

45

Investment in associate Long term loans Employee benefits Long term deposits and prepayments Current Assets Stores and spare parts Stock in trade-gas in pipelines Trade debts Loans and advances trade deposits and short term prepayments interest accrued Other receivables Income tax recoverable-net Sales tax recoverable Short term investments Cash and bank balances Total assets

4.4.2

0.01 0.27 0 0.01 56.7

0.01 0.27 0.07 0.01 60.16

0.01 0.23 0.37 0.01 64.3

0 0.19 0.28 0.01 64.74

1.53 0.58 18.8 0.11

1.3 0.57 19.39 0.22

2.34 0.54 19.21 0.15

1.78 0.64 21.01 0.11

0.04 0.08 1.27 0 0.96 0 19.94 43.3 100

0.04 0.09 1.58 0.16 0.31 0 16.19 39.84 100

0.1 0.04 2.29 0.78 1.39 0.52 8.33 35.7 100

0.08 0.01 9.14 1.06 0.36 0 1.08 35.26 100

Vertical Analysis

Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Vertical Analysis (Balance Sheet) As on June 30, EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Share capital and reserves Authorized share capital (1,500,000,000 ordinary shares of Rs.10 each) Issued subscribed and paid up share capital Revenue reserves Total Equity Non-Current Liabilities Long term financing -Secured -Unsecured Security deposits Deferred credit Deferred tax Employee bebefits

6.46 13.1 19.56

6.56 12.9 19.47

5.62 11.93 17.55

4.49 8.71 13.2

2.52 7.09 7.59 21.57 7.83 0.4 47.01

0.79 4.43 8.69 27.61 8.07 0.4 49.99

0.06 2.78 9.29 32.14 7.74 0.34 52.37

0 1.47 9.35 26.15 6.68 0.32 43.98

46

Currenat Liabilities Trade and other payable Interest / mak up accrued Current portion of long term financing Taxation-Net Total Liabilities Contingencies and commitments Total Equity and Liabilities

28.52 0.71 3.31 0.88 33.42 80.44 0 100

27.26 0.56 2.73 0 30.54 80.53 0 100

28.08 0.41 1.6 0 30.08 82.45 0 100

40.69 0.45 0.78 0.9 42.82 86.8 0 100

Interpretation From the vertical analysis above, we can compare the percentage mark-up of asset items and how they have been financed. The strategies may include increase/decrease the holding of certain assets. We may as well observe the trend of the increase in the assets and liabilities over several years. 4.5

Horizontal Financial Statement Analysis

This technique is also known as comparative analysis. It is conducted by setting consecutive balance sheet, income statement or statement of cash flow side-by-side and reviewing changes in individual categories on a year-to-year or multiyear basis. The most important item revealed by comparative financial statement analysis is trend. A comparison of statements over several years reveals direction, speed and extent of a trend(s). The horizontal financial statements analysis is done by restating amount of each item or group of items as a percentage. Such percentages are calculated by selecting a base year and assign a weight of 100 to the amount of each item in the base year statement. Thereafter, the amounts of similar items or groups of items in prior or subsequent financial statements are expressed as a percentage of the base year amount. The resulting figures are called index numbers or trend ratios. From the balance sheet statement in exhibit 1. The following indexed balance sheet can be established.

47

4.5

Horizontal Analysis Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Horizontal Analysis (P&L Account) As on June 30, June

June

June

30,2008

30,2009

Percentage) 190 13580 175 188 116

192 -1071 193 207 130

250 -11731 263 288 152

130

143

155

101 132 119

128 165 118

134 220 133

228 305 159

124 125 124 109 176 106 450 136 122 140 102 162

138 139 138 79 123 77 457 110 89 116 115 117

152 146 152 97 486 79 356 103 81 109 109 109

194 183 193 94 1512 28 298 51 67 47 59 41

147

106

99

37

30,2006

Profit & loss items Gas Sales Add / (Less):Differential Margin / (Gas Development Surchage) Cost of Gas Sold Gross Profit Rental and Service Income Surchage and Interest on Gas Sales Arrears Amortization of Deferred Credit Less: Operating Expenses Distribution Cost Administrative Expenses

Other Operating Expenses Other Operating Income Operating Profit Finance Cost Profit before Taxation Less:Taxation Profit after Taxation Earning per Share-Basic and Diluted (Rupees)

168 2920 165 175 120 117

June 30,2007 (Figure in

48

4.5.1 Horizontal Analysis Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Horizontal Analysis (Balance Sheet) As on June 30, June BALANCE SHEET ITEMS ASSETS Non - current assets Property, plant and equipment Intengible assets Investment in associate Long term loans Employee benefits Long term deposits and prepayments Current Assets Stores and spare parts Stock in trade-gas in pipelines Trade debts Loans and advances Trade deposits and short term prepayments

interest accrued Other receivables Income tax recoverable-net Sales tax recoverable Short term investments Cash and bank balances Total Assets

June

June

30,2006 30,2007 30,2008 (Figure in percentage)

June 30 2009

118 0 100 92 0 113 118

135 0 102 98 0 102 124

168 0 100 99 0 114 169

212 0 100 103 0 119 213

197 162 149 58 91 175 274 0 0 0 181 169 136

182 172 167 129 95 209 369 0 0 0 159 169 147

381 190 193 105 273 118 626 0 0 1108 96 176 172

362 284 264 97 268 39 3128 0 0 0 15 218 215

4.5.2 Horizontal Analysis Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Ltd Horizontal Analysis (Balance Sheet) As on June 30, EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Share capital and reserves Authorized share capital (1,500,000,000 ordinary shares of Rs.10

100

100

100

100

49

each) Issued subscribed and paid up share capital Revenue reserves Total equity Non-Current Liabilities Long term financing -Secured -Unsecured Security deposits Deferred credit Deferred tax Employee benefits Current Liabilities Trade and other payable Interest / mark up accrued Short term borrowings Current portion of long term financing Taxation-Net Total liabilities Total Equity and Liabilities

100 173 139

110 137 150

110 199 158

110 182 149

39 91 132 206 109 16 117

13 62 164 285 122 17 134

1 45 204 388 136 17 164

0 30 258 395 147 20 173

168 354 0 159 912 173 135 136

174 301 0 142 0 171 146 147

209 256 0 97 0 197 175 172

380 356 0 68 0 351 231 215

Interpretation As basis of Analysis, the analyst may seek variables which seem to improve or deteriorate and bring a challenge to the stakeholders in their various decisions. Example from the previous table one can ask the following questions? •

Why is there an increase in the stock of the company? Has the company changed its inventory policy?

•

Why did taxation increase so tremendously? Were there any changes in taxation? Is it reflected by the increase in sales? Profit?

•

Why is there an increase in the fixed assets and at the same time decrease in the long-term debt? How were these assets financed?

50

4.6

RATIO Ratio Analysis ANALYSIS

Ratio analysis is one of the techniques of financial analysis where ratios are used as a yardstick for evaluating the financial condition and performance of a firm. Analysis and LIQUIDITY RATIOS

interpretation of various accounting ratios gives skilled and experienced analyst a better understanding of the financial condition and performance of the firm than what he could have obtained only through a perusal ofActivity financial statements. Ratios

leverage Ratio PROFITABILITY RATIOS

51

4.6.1 LIQUIDITY RATIOS Liquidity represents the ability of a company to efficiently and economically accommodate deposits withdrawal as well as fund increase in assets. A company has a liquidity potential when it has the ability to obtain sufficient funds in a timely manner at a reasonable cost. Illiquidity is a primary factor leading to a Company’s failure whereas high liquidity helps otherwise weak institutions to remain funded during the period of difficulty. •

Liquidity refers to the ability of a firm to meet its short-term financial obligations when and as they fall due.

•

The main concern of liquidity ratio is to measure the ability of the firms to meet their short-term maturing obligations. Failure to do this will result in the total failure of the business, as it would be forced into liquidation.

52

I. Current ratio II. Quick Asset to Deposit ratio

4.6.1.2

CURRENT RATIO

The Current Ratio expresses the relationship between the firm’s current assets and its current liabilities. Current assets normally include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable and inventories. Current liabilities consist of accounts payable, short term notes payable, short-term loans, current maturities of long term debt, accrued income taxes and other accrued expenses (wages). Current Ratio :-

Current Assets Current Liabilities

Current Asset

2009 43,136,858

2008 34,859,203

2007 33,363,234

2006 33,446,920

Current Liabilities

52,391,734

29,374,602

25,559,287

25,815,502

0.82

1.19

1.31

1.30

Current Ratio Curremt Ratio 1.40 1.20 Ratio

1.00 0.80

Curremt Ratio

0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

INTERPRETATION This ratio shows that whether the current assets of the company are Sufficient to meet the current liabilities or not. In 2006 it was 1.30 that shows low liquidity but comparatively better other years because this ratio is above standard that is 2. In 2007 it was 1.19, that

53

shows that firm use financing leverage in 2007 and approximately to 0.82 in 2008, that shows that firm take more short term loans from market.

4.6.1.2

QUICK RATIO OR TEST ACID RATIO

Measures assets that are quickly converted into cash and they are compared with current liabilities. This ratio realizes that some of current assets are not easily convertible to cash e.g. inventories. The quick ratio, also referred to as acid test ratio, examines the ability of the business to cover its short-term obligations from its “quick” assets only (i.e. it ignores stock). The quick ratio is calculated as follows Quick Ratio:-

Current Assets Inventory Current Liabilities Acid Test Ratio

Quick assets Current Liabilities

2009 43,136,85 8

2008 34,859,20 3

783,362

525,370

52,391,73 4

29,374,60 2

0.81

1.17

2007 2006 33,363,23 4 33,446,920 473,404

445,772

25,559,28 7 25,815,502 1.29

1.28

54

Acid Test Ratio 1.40

Ratio

1.20 1.00 0.80

Acid Test Ratio

0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

INTERPRETATION This ratio shows that how much quick assets are available to meet the demand of the accountholders. This ratio was 1.29% in 2007 and decreased to 1.17% in 2008. It shows that in 2007 the immediate liquidity position of the company was comparatively weak. But it is also more decreases in 2009. 4.6.1.3 Net Working Capital Current Assets - Current Liabilities

Current Asset

2009 43,136,858

2008 34,859,203

2007 33,363,234

2006 33,446,920

Current Liabilities

52,391,734

29,374,602

25,559,287

25,815,502

Net Working Capital

(9,254,876)

5,484,601

7,803,947

7,631,418

55

Rs

Net Working Capital 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000

Net Working Capital

0 2009

2008

2007

Year

4.6.2

Activity Ratio

If a business does not use its assets effectively, investors in the business would rather take their money and place it somewhere else. In order for the assets to be used effectively, the business needs a high turnover. Unless the business continues to generate high turnover, assets will be idle as it is impossible to buy and sell fixed assets continuously as turnover changes. Activity ratios are therefore used to assess how active various assets are in the business. Note: Increased turnover can be just as dangerous as reduced turnover if the business does not have the working capital to support the turnover increase. As turnover increases more working capital and cash is required and if not, overtrading occurs.

4.6.2.1 Receivable Turn Over Ratio Annual Credit Sale ------------------------Total Receivable

56

2009 25,706,362

2008 18,757,385

2007 16,229,067

2006 14,517,536

Sale

160,714,737

123,404,537

122,091,652

107,897,291

Average Receivables

22,231,874

17,493,226

15,373,302

14,517,536

Receivable

Receivable Turn Over

7.2

7.1

7.9

7.4

Receivable Turn Over

Turn over

8.2 8.0 7.8 7.6 7.4

Receivable Turn Over

7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

INTERPRETATION This ratio measures the number of times, on average, receivables (e.g. Accounts Receivable) are collected during the period. In 2008 & 2009 this ratio is decreased .07 & .06 from last year 2007. It shows that firm has change its account receivable policy. 4.6.2.2 Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold ---------------------------Average Inventory 2009 151337339

2008 109107461

2007 108682850

2006 94032495

Inventory

783,362

525,370

473,404

445,772

Average Inventory

654366

499387

459588

445,772

Inventory Turn Over Ratio

231.27

218.48

236.48

210.94

Cost of goods sold

57

Turn over

Inventory TurnOver 240.00 235.00 230.00 225.00 220.00 215.00 210.00 205.00 200.00 195.00

Inventory Turn Over

2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

Interpreatation This ratio measures the stock in relation to turnover in order to determine how often the stock turns over in the business. It indicates the efficiency of the firm in selling its product. It is calculated by dividing he cost of goods sold by the average inventory.

4.6.2.3

Total Asset Turn Over Sales -------------Total Assets

Total sale Total Assets Total Asset Turn Over

2009 160714737

2008 123404537

2007 122091652

2006 107897291

122,348,124

97,647,643

83,650,858

77,236,569

1.31

1.26

1.46

1.40

58

Total Asset Turn Over 1.50 Turn Over

1.45 1.40 1.35

Total Asset Turn Over

1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

Interpretation Asset turnover is the relationship between sales and assets •

The firm should manage its assets efficiently to maximize sales.

•

The total asset turnover indicates the efficiency with which the firm uses all its assets to generate sales.

•

It is calculated by dividing the firm’s sales by its total assets.

•

Generally, the higher the firm’s total asset turnover, the more efficiently its assets have been utilized.

4.6.2.4

Fixed Asset Turn Over Total sale / Fixed Asset

Total sale

2009 160714737

2008 123404537

2007 122091652

2006 107897291

Fixed Asset

79,211,266

62,788,440

50,287,624

43,789,649

2.03

1.97

2.43

2.46

Fixed asset turn over

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Fixed Asset Turn Over 3.00 Turn over

2.50 2.00 1.50

Fixed Asset Turn Over

1.00 0.50 0.00 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

4.6.3 •

Leverage ratio The ratios indicate the degree to which the activities of a firm are supported by creditors’ funds as opposed to owners.

•

The relationship of owner’s equity to borrowed funds is an important indicator of financial strength. •

The debt requires fixed interest payments and repayment of the loan and

legal action can be taken if any amounts due are not paid at the appointed time. A relatively high proportion of funds contributed by the owners indicates a cushion (surplus) which shields creditors against possible losses from default in payment. Note: The greater the proportion of equity funds, the greater the degree of financial strength. Financial leverage will be to the advantage of the ordinary shareholders as long as the rate of earnings on capital employed is greater than the rate payable on borrowed funds. The following ratios can be used to identify the financial strength and risk of the business.

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4.6.3.1

Debt to Share holder equity Ratio Total Debt ----------------------Equity 2009 106,200,608

2008 80,508,794

2007 67,361,383

2006 62,127,877

Shareholders Equity

16,147,516

17,138,849

16,289,475

15,108,692

Debt to Equity Ratio

658%

470%

414%

411%

Total Debt

Leverage / Debt Ratios 700% Percentage

600% 500% 400%

Leverage / Debt Ratios

300% 200% 100% 0% 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

INTERPRETATION This ratio indicates the extent to which debt is covered by shareholders’ funds. It reflects the relative position of the equity holders and the lenders and indicates the company’s policy on the mix of capital funds. This ratio shows that how much company is financed more by debt than its own equity. From 2006 to2009 it goes on raising which shows that gradually company’s operations are more financed by its debts than by equity, this is due to increases in short term finances

4.6.3.2 Interest Coverage 61

Earning Before Interest And Tax --------------------------------------------Interest Expense

EBIT Interest Expense

2009 2383422

2008 4770056

2007 5110287

2006 6299263

653182

789247

860715

1180203

3.65

6.04

5.94

5.34

Interest Coverage Ratio

Interest Coverage 7.00 6.00 Ratio

5.00 4.00

Interest Coverage

3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 2009

2008

2007

2006

Years

Interpreatation This ratio measure the extent to which earnings can decline without causing financial losses to the firm and creating an inability to meet the interest cost. •

The times interest earned shows how many times the business can pay its interest bills from profit earned.

•

Present and prospective loan creditors such as bondholders, are vitally interested to know how adequate the interest payments on their loans are covered by the earnings available for such payments.

•

Owners, managers and directors are also interested in the ability of the business to service the fixed interest charges on outstanding debt.

62

The company’s major forms of credit are non-interest bearing (trade creditors) which results in the business enjoying very healthy interest coverage rates. In 2006 the company could pay their interest bill 5.34 times from earnings before interest and tax. However this is a massive drop from 5.94 times and in 2001 and 3.69 times in 2009.

PROFITABILITY RATIOS

4.6.4

Profitability is the ability of a business to earn profit over a period of time. Although the profit figure is the starting point for any calculation of cash flow, as already pointed out, profitable companies can still fail for a lack of cash. Note: Without profit, there is no cash and therefore profitability must be seen as a critical success factors. •

A company should earn profits to survive and grow over a long period of time.

•

Profits are essential, but it would be wrong to assume that every action initiated by management of a company should be aimed at maximising profits, irrespective of social consequences.

The ratios examined previously have tendered to measure management efficiency and risk. Profitability is a result of a larger number of policies and decisions. The profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management (activity) and debt management (gearing) on operating results. The overall measure of success of a business is the profitability which results from the effective use of its resources. Following profitability ratios have been calculated I. II.

Gross Profit Margin Ratio Net Operating Income Ratio

III.

Net Profit Ratio

IV.

Return on equity

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4.6.4.1 Gross Profit Margin Ratio Gross profit ------------------ X 100 sale 2009 Sale

2008

2007

2006

160,714,737 123,404,537 122,091,652 107,897,291

Gross Profit

17,596,492

15,047,572

13,408,802

13,864,796

Gross Profit Ratio

11%

12%

11%

13%

Gross Profit Ratio 13% 13% 12% 12% 11% 11% 10% 10%

Gross Profit Ratio

2009

2008

2007

2006

Interpretation •

Normally the gross profit has to rise proportionately with sales.

•

It can also be useful to compare the gross profit margin across similar businesses although there will often be good reasons for any disparity.

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•

The ratio above shows the increasing trend in the gross profit since the ratio has decreased from 13% in 2006 to 13% on 2007. This indicates that the rate in increase in cost of goods sold are less than rate of increase in sales, hence the increased efficiency.

4.6.4.2

Net Operating Margin Operating Income ------------------------ x 100 Sale

Sale Operating Profit Operating Profit Ratio

2009 160,714,737

2008 123,404,537

2007 122,091,652

2006 107,897,291

2383422

4770056

5110287

6299263

1%

4%

4%

6%

OperatingProfitMargin 6% 5% 4% 3%

Operating Profit Margin

2% 1% 0%

2009

2008

2007

2006

Interpreation It is a measurement of what proportion of a company's revenue is left over, before taxes and other indirect costs (such as rent, bonus, interest, etc.), after paying for variable costs of production as wages, raw materials, etc. A good operating margin is needed for a company to be able to pay for its fixed costs, such as interest on debt. A higher operating margin means that the company has less financial risk. 65

In 2006 company has ratio 6% but it has been constantly decreasing with time being to 1%, which very danger for firm.

4.6.4.3

Net Profit Margin

Net Profit after tax

x 100

Net Sales

Sales

2009 160,714,73 7

2008 123,404,53 7

930536

2495840

2678187

3722244

1%

2%

2%

3%

Net Profit after taxes Net Profit Margin

2007 2006 122,091,65 2 107,897,291

Net Profit Margin 4%

Percentage

4% 3% 3% 2%

Net Profit Margin

2% 1% 1% 0% 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

INTERPRETATION

66

This is a widely used measure of performance and is comparable across companies in similar industries. The fact that a business works on a very low margin need not cause alarm because there are some sectors in the industry that work on a basis of high turnover and

low

margins,

for

examples

supermarkets

and

motorcar

dealers.

What is more important in any trend is the margin and whether it compares well with similar businesses. Net profit ratio indicates that how much net sales are contributing towards generating Net Profit. In 2006 it was 3% and decreased to 2% in 2007. It is decreasing constantly and in 2009, it is only 1%. It shows the firm crises.

4.6.4.4

Return on Equity

This ratio shows the profit attributable to the amount invested by the owners of the business. It also shows potential investors into the business what they might hope to receive as a return. The stockholders’ equity includes share capital, share premium, distributable and non-distributable reserves. The ratio is calculated as follows: Net Profit ------------------Equity

Net profit after tax Share holder equity Return on equity

2009 930536

2008 2495840

16,147,51 6

17,138,84 9

6%

15%

2007 2678187

2006 3722244

16,289,47 5 15,108,692 16%

25%

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Return on Equity 30% Percentage

25% 20% 15%

Return on Equity

10% 5% 0% 2009

2008

2007

2006

Ye ar

INTERPRETATION The ratio shows that how much equity is contributing towards generating Net Income. In 2006 it was 25% and decreased to 16% in 2007 but in 2008 it also decreased to 16% in 2009 it was too much decreased to 6%. This shows that in organization increases debt financing.

4.6.4.5

Earning Per Share

Net profit after tax No. of shares outstanding Earning Per Share

2009 930536

2008 2495840

2007 2678187

2006 3722244

549105

549105

549105

499187

1.69

4.55

4.88

7.46

68

Earning Per share 8.00

E.P.S

7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00

Earning Per share

3.00 2.00 1.00 0.00 2009

2008

2007

2006

Year

4.6.4.6

Break Up value per share Share holder's equity / No. of share outstanding

Share holder's equity No. of share out standing

2009 16,147,516 549105

2008 17,138,849 549105

2007 16,289,475 549105

2006 15,108,692 499187

Break up value per share

29.41

31.21

29.67

30.27

Break Up value per share

Break Up value

31.50 31.00 30.50 Break Up value per share

30.00 29.50 29.00 28.50 2009

2008

2007

2006

Years

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CHAPTER NO.5 SWOT ANALYSIS

70

5.1 SWOT ANALYSIS 5.1.1 Internal and External factors. The Internal component of Analysis is concerned with the basic strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Thus, it depicts the internal environment of the company. The strengths of the company may be its financial or human resources, processes, operational methods, marketing strategies, segmentation techniques or any expertise that the company may feel as its core competencies. Contrary to this, any discrepancies in these factors, at the same time, may become the weaknesses of the company. Hence, it is the internal environment of the company that shapes its business strategies and provides direction to survive in the marketplace. The external component deals with the factors that the company faces in its external competitive environment. These factors are categorized as opportunities available for the company in the market place and the threats strained by its competitors. The opportunities of the company may by its ability to satisfy the ever arising needs of its customers better than its competitors, new available markets, room for setting new operations, falling of barriers due to globalization trend etc. If a firm fails to avail the opportunities as soon as they arrive, these opportunities become threats for that company. This is because your competitors will avail that opportunity in their first attempt and attain first mover advantage over you.

SWOT Analysis is a popular technique used to analyze some company’s present business situation. It provides us with an overview of company’s major strengths and its critical weaknesses. The external opportunities and threats that the company faces in the external environment are also highlighted in this approach. 71

5.2 SWOT Analysis 5.2.1

Strengths:

 Government Organization  High Cumulative Customer retention rate since the start of operations  Sustained growth rate of annual sales turnover.  Consistent Quality  Vertically integrated.  Excellent market image in the local and international market.  Highly qualified management.  Adequate financial resources.  Adopting information technology.  Skilled Labor.  Broad and motivational vision.

5.2.2

Weaknesses:

 High employee turnover  Low production capacity.  De-motivated Staff.  Less promotional activities.  Non-Corporative culture.  Insufficient benefits for the employees.  Stereotype machinery for processing.  Communicational gap among different departments.

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 No Proper Training to employees  Manual Work  Mineral Stocks 5.2.3

Opportunities:

 Can expand its division such as finding new minerals  Can reduce the cost by proper utilization of resources.  Can hire well-educated and experienced staff. 5.2.4

Threats:

 New plans to take gas from outside the country  Buyer need and demand changes.  Political instability.  Changing geopolitical situation.  Change of government policies.  Less stocks of minerals

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CHAPTER NO.6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

74

6.1

CONCLUSION

The company earned Rs 1,730,240 thousand pre tax profit, which is decrease than the last year. The revenue from sales was Rs 160,714,737 thousands during the year, which is also decrease than the previous year. This year the company has taken a tax refund of Rs 799,704 thousands from the tax authority on different accounts. Company’s current ratio also decreased 1.19 to 0.82 further more the company has tried its best optimize utilization of all its available resources to the maximum level resulting in improvement of the inventory turnover ration from 218.48 To 231.27 the company need to be taken effective measures to recover its old situation and improve its financial position.

6.2

RECOMMENDATIONS

Before joining this organization I know a little about the organization work, its working system and environment, so I learned a lot from this experience. Based on my experience & observation regarding the operations and policies of organization, there are some recommendations which include short term as well as long term issues for the improvement.

6.2.1

Assess the Performance of employees

There is no efficient method introduced by organization for his assessment of performance of employees. Promotions are completely relying on higher management like managers .’s there can be some sort of favoritism. So to avoid all this, there should be a proper method to judge the employees. 6.2.2

Improve Information Technology System

75

Sui Gas Northern Ltd. should immediately improve its Information Technology System. The soft wares currently in use should be made error free as it is the need of the hour. 6.2.3

Computerized Accounting System

As far as accounting is concerned, although the entire system is computerized, but there still involves lots of paperwork. So this should be minimized b acquiring more advanced accounting software 6.2.4

Job Rotation

There is no rotation of employees within departments and cross departments. So the top management should immediately start thinking in terms of rotating the employees in various departments, as this transforms work force into human capital. 6.2.5

Distribute Work Equally

Management should distribute work equally among different employees. Some of the employees are overburdened while some sections are overstaffed. 6.2.6

Improve its Website

Sui Gas Northern Ltd needs to improve its website. More information relating to financial performance and sale of the organization should be available on the website. 6.2.7

Evolve Management Policy

Sui Gas Northern Ltd should evolve a very serious management policy to attract multi national corporations as its clients. This action, if actualized, would not only prove to be highly profit generating, but it would also contribute a lot towards Gohar Textile image building. 6.2.8

Advertise

One of the most pressing needs of the time is to advertise Sui Gas Northern Ltd in the electronic media. Sui Gas Northern Ltd has not, till date, employed advertisement in electronic media as a full fledge marketing tool. I think it is high time that organization does this 6.2.9

Market Survey

The management should make the market survey time to time to get more and latest information about the market factors like the price, demand, current consumer trends etc.

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Reference and source used The following sources are used for preparing this internship report 1Annual Report 2007, 2008, 2009 2Monthly report of financial year 2007,2008, 2009 3Sui Northern Gas website (www.sngpl.com.pk) 4Staff Members of Sui Gas Northern

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