Internet & E-commerce PGDCA

1 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

UNIT – 1 THE EVOLUTION OF INERNET Introduction:- Internet iwjs fo”o esa QSyk gqvk Computers dk ,d ,slk Network gS] ftlesa fofHkUu Computers ,d nqljs ls ,d Common Protocol dk use djds Communicate djrs gSA ;fn gekjs ikl Internet Connection gS rks ge fdlh Hkh fo"k; ij nqfu;k Hkj esa QSys Computers ls Information dk vknku & iznku dj ldrs gSA Evolution: - Internet dks 1969 esa Advance Research Project Agency (ARPA) us cuk;k FkkA ckn eas ARPA dk uke DARPA (Department of Advance Research Project Agency) j[kk x;kA T;ksa2 Internet dh vko”;drk c ljy djrk gSA Internet Name Resolution: - Internet ij Domain Name System (DNS) dk use website ds Text name dks gVk dj mlds LFkku ij IP Address nsuk gSA DNS name InterNIC

}kjk Record fd;s tkrs gSA InterNIC name o Address dh ns[kjs[k djrh gS InterNIC ds ikl ,d Distributed database gksrk gS ftlesa lHkh Domain names gksrs gSA tc dkssbZ Client Computer fdlh website ls Connect gksuk pkgrk gS rks mlds Domain name dh Request dks (DNS) dks Hkst nsrh gSA Domain Name Server lkjs fo”o esa gtkjksa Organizations esa fLFkr gSA DNS

pkgs x;s Domain name dk IP Address nsrk gS vkSj client dh Request dks mfpr website rd Hkst nsrk gSA

Applications of Internet Internet dk mi;ksx fuEu dk;ksaZ ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gS & (i)

Services & Employment lEcU/kh tkudkjh izkIr djus ds fy;s

(ii)

fdlh Hkh fons”kh Language dks lh[kus ds fy;s

(iii)

World ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx esa Friend cukus ds fy;s

(iv)

fdlh izfr;ksfxrk, Examination esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s

(v)

vius fdlh Friend dks Electronic Birthday Card Hkstus ds fy;s

(vi)

vius euilan fQYeh flrkjksa ds Photographs ns[kus ds fy;s

(vii) Computer {kS= ds ckjs esa ubZ&ubZ tkudkfj;akW izkIr djus ds fy;s (viii) fdlh Electronic Zoo ;k laxzgky; esa ?kqeus ds fy;s (ix)

dqN t:jh Softwares Download djus ds fy;s

(x)

viuk Home page rS;kj djus ds fy;s

(xi)

Chatting ds }kjk vius Friend ls ckrphr djus ds fy;s

(xii) Bussiness djuk etc.

15 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

Electronioc-mail E-mail ,d ,slk mailing System gS ftlesa ,d Computer user fdlh vU; Computer user

dks message ,oa information Hkst ldrk gSA bu Informations ds Tramission ds fy;s Communication Network dk use gksrk gSA E-mail user dks vuqefr nsrk gS fd og www ij dqN Hkh search dj ldrk gS rFkk dSlk Hkh Message Exchange dj ldrk gSA izR;sd E-mail user ds ikl mail box Address gksrk gS ftldh lgk;rk ls mail send/Receive djrs gSA ;s messages E-mail ds through fn;s x;s Address ij dqN gh Seconds eas igaqp tkrs gSA ge E-mail Create djus, Read djus o Send djus ds fy;s Mail Program dk use djrs gSA E-mail dks use djus ds fy;s fofHkUu Softwares use esa fy;s tkrs gSA E-mail Concepts: - E-mail System ds }kjk user nwljs user rd messages Hkst ldrk gSA E-mail Send djus ds fy;s gesa Message fy[kuk, Store djuk rFkk izkIr djus okys dks Message Receive djuk o Download djuk vkuk pkfg;sA E-mail Client Server Environment esa dk;Z djrk gSA blds fy;s geas Windows ij

dk;Z djus okyk Software pkfg;s rFkk ,d E-mail Post Office Program pkfg;sA bu nksukas ds fcuk E-mail dk use laHko ugha gSA How E-mail Works: - ,d user E-mail message Internet ds ek/;e ls Hkstrk gSA ;g Message izkIrdrkZ ds Email box esa store gks tkrk gSA Mail box ls Message dks dHkh Hkh izkIrdrkZ }kjk izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj user fdlh dks E-mail Hkst ldrk gSA dqN E-mail system Multimedia facility Hkh provide djokrs gSA E-mail djus ds Steps & (i)

E-mail Program dks start djukA

(ii) To esa Receiver Address Type djukA (iii) Message type djukA (iv) Message send djukA

E-mail Address: - Mail Box ds vUnj Address fy[kk tkrk gSA izR;sd E-mail Account ,d E-mail Address gksrk gSA E-mail Address Hkh nks Hkkxksa esa gksrs gSA (i) User ID

(ii) Domain name

16 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce (i) User ID: - User ID dk use login djus esa vkrk gS tks fd Internet Provide

djokrk gSA (ii) Domain Name: - Domain name, Internet name Provide djus ds fy;s use eas ysrs

gSA User ID rFkk Domain name dks @ ls Separated fd;k tkrk gSA tSls :[email protected]

tc dHkh ge E-mail Access djrs gS rks fuEu E-mail Protocols use esa vkrs gS & (i) SMTP

(ii) POP

Finding Some one’s E-mail Address:- ;fn ge fdlh other user dj E-mail Address

tkuuk pkgrs gS rks mlds fy;s gesa dqN steps fuEu izdkj ls viukus gksrs gS & 1. ftl O;fDr dk Internet Address irk djuk gks mls lh/ks ;k fy[kdj iwNuk A 2. ml O;fDr dk E-mail Address mlds Biodata ;k Business card ls izkIr djukA 3. Return Address, Return Path ls E-mail Address izkIr djukA 4. Automated Service ls E-mail Address Kkr djukA Main Parts of E-mail: - fdlh E-mail ds fuEu rhu eq[; Hkkx gksrs gS & (i)

Header: - Header fdlh E-mail dk og Hkkx gksrk gS tks geas E-mail ds

fofHkUu fudk; ds ckjs esa crkrk gSA izR;sd Header dk ,d fuf”pr uke o fuf”pr mns”; gksrk gSA tSls : Return Path - E-mail dks Reply nsus okyk Address Date - E-mail Receiving date From - Sender Address To - E-mail Receiver Address Subject – Subject of E-mail (ii)

gSA

Message Body: - ;g fdlh E-mail dk og Part gS tks Email dk Message j[krk

17 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce (iii) Signature: - ;g E-mail Hkstus okys O;fDr ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrk

gSA lkekU;r;k blesa O;fDr dk viuk uke] irk] Qksu ua-] QsDl uabR;kfn fLFkr gksrs gSA Working with E-mail: (i)

Running the Mail Program.

(ii) Enter Login name and Password (iii) Read incoming Mails from Inbox (iv) Send any message from Outbox (v) Reply Mail (vi) Delete Mail and send it to Deleted Items. (vii) Exit Mail Program.

Basic steps of Sending & Receiving E-mail Message E-mail ds rhu parts gksrs gSA (i)

Receiver Address: - ftl O;fDr dks E-mail Hkstk tkuk gS mldk Address

Receiver Address esa fy[kk tkrk gSA (ii)

Subject line of Message: - E-mail dk Subject fy[kk tkrk gSA

(iii) E-mail Message fy[kus ds fy;s Message Box izkIr gksrk gSA

mijksDr lHkh fy[kus ds ckn Send buttom ij click djus ls Mail receiver ds ikl pyh tk;sxh rFkk gesa ,d Message “Your Mail Has Been Send” feysxkA ge vius E-mail ds lkFk dksbZ Hkh file Attach djds Hkh Send dj ldrs gSA Receiving E-mail: - tc dksbZ user Internet ij dke djrk gS rks loZizFke og

vius mail box esa vkbZ Mails dks check djrk gSA lkekU;r;k New Mails ds lkFk lwpd gksrs gS tks ;g n”kkZrs gS fd ;g Mail ubZ gSA blds fy, mldh Subject line Bold eas gks tkrh gS ;k fQj Bullet ;k Check mark New message ds vkxs yxk gksrk gSA fdlh message ds contents dks ns[kus ds fy;s bls Highlight djds Enter key press djrs gS ;k ml ij Double click djrs gSA Replying E-mail: - fdlh E-mail dk tokc nsuk fdlh Hkh dks E-mail Hkstuk gh

gksrk gSA blds fy;s Hkh Sending mesaage okyh process viukuh gksrh gSA

18 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Deleting Mail: - fdlh mail dks Mailbox ls delete Hkh dj ldrs gSA blds fy;s bl Mail dks Highlight (Select) djds Delete key press djsaxsA vf/kdrj Mailbox Delete

dh x;h mails dks Trash Mailbox esa Mky nsrs gSA ;s ml Trash Mailbox eas rc rd jgrh gS tc rd ge bUgas Trash Mailbox ls gVk ugha nsrs gS ;k Program ls ckgj ugha fudky nsrs gSA Exiting/ Quitting from E-mail Program: - fdlh E-mail program ls ckgj fudyus ds

fy;s File menu eas ls Exit option dks choose djsaxsA Merits/ Advantages of E-mail: 1.

Speed :- E-mail ds ek/;e ls ge fdlh Hkh O;fDr ls cgqr tYnh Communicate dj ldrs gSA

2.

E-mail ,d lLrk rjhdk gS ;g nwjh ij fuHkZj ugha djrkA

3.

E-mail ls letters/messages ds lkFk2 files, photos etc. other documents

dks Hkh send dj ldrs gSA 4.

Free lsok,sa miyC/k djkrh gSA

5.

Permanent Address j[krk gSA

6.

geas E-mail izkIr djus okys ls dksbZ Appointment ugha ysuk iMrk gSA

7.

E-mail Message ds [kks tkus dk Mj Hkh ugh gksrk gSA

8.

E-mail izIr djus okyk O;fDr Hkh vojks/k eglwl ugh djrk

D;ksfd E-mail mlds Computer ds Message box es store gksrk gSA

Demerits/ Limitations of E-mail 1.

E-mail ,d Computer system ls nwljs Computer system rd fdlh Network

ds ek/;e ls Hksth tkrh gSA vr% fdlh vU; O;fDr dh E-mail i) esa cUn fd;k tkrk gSA lkekU;r% Tags tksMs esa (Opening Tag o Closing Tag) fy[ks tkrs gSA Closing Tag Opening Tag dh rjg gh gksrk gS ysfdu ;g Tag ,d Forward slash (/) ds lkFk izkjEHk gksrk gSA Syntax: - .... HTML dk Main Purpose fdlh Webpage dh Formatting dks O;Dr djuk u gksdj Page dks create djus okys eq[; Hkkxkas tSls& Text Structure, Title, Line Break, Paragraph vkfn dks O;Dr o iznf’kZr djuk gSA HTML esa Tag Hkh nks

izdkj ds gksrs gSA (i) Container Tag (ii) Empty Tag (i) Container Tag: - og Tag tks fd Bracket, Text o Others parts dks j[krk gS Container Tag dgykrk gSA Container Tag nks izdkj ds Tags j[krs gSA (ii) Empty Tag: - ;g Tag fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ Bracket, Text ;k dksbZ vU; Hkkx

ugha j[krk gSA ;g Tag fdlh HTML Document esa Stand alone part dh rjg dk;Z djrh gSA

50 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Attribute: - Attribute fdlh user dks ;g crkrk gS fd fdlh Web Browser dks fdl rjg Tag dk use djuk pkfg;sA End Tag dks NksMdj Start Tag Attribute dks j[k ldrk

gSA Syntax: - Attribute = ”Value” Example: - Align= “Center” Head & Body Section: - fdlh HTML file dks cukus ds fy;s de ls de pkj Tag present mifLFkr gksus vko”;d gSA ;s Tags bl izdkj gS & 1. Html Tag 2. Head Tag 3. Title Tag 4. Body Tag 1. HTML Tags: - fdlh HTML document dk Starting Tag gksrk gSA ;g Container Tag gS blfy;s blds nks Hkkx gksrs gSA (i) Start Tag

(ii) End ;k

Close Tag

vU; lHkh Tags o Text dks bu o Tag ds chp es fy[ks tkrs gSA tSls :- Syntax: - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lkekU;r% Tag ds Hkhrj dsoy Tag dks gh fy[kk tkrk gSA Syntax: - My First Web Page

;fn ge Tag dk use ugha djsaxs vFkkZr~ Title ugha nsrs gS rks dqN Browsers s }kjk Title Bar ij URL ;k ’UnTitled’ iznf”kZr gksxkA

51 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce 2. Body Tag: - Tag, Tag ds iwjd dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA ;g Tag

fdlh HTML Document ds Structure esa vkus okys izR;sd fgLls dks n”kkZrk gSA ;g Tag ds ckn esa vkrk gSA Tag o Tag HTML Document ds ,d vyx2 Hkkx cukrs gSA Syntex :- My first web page ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tag Case Sensitive ugha gksrs gS vFkkZr~ bUgs cMs ;k NksVs v{kjkas

esa fy[kus ij Hkh ;s leku O;ogkj djrs gSA - Text dks Bold djus ds fy;sA - Italic Text - Underline Text - Text dks Center eas djus ds fy;sA - lkekU; vkdkj ls cMs vkdkj dk Text fy[kus ds fy;sA - lkekU; vkdkj ls NksVs vkdkj es Text fy[kus ds fy;sA - Superscript Text - Subscript Text - bl Tag ls ge Text dks pyrk fQjrk fn[kk ldrs gSA - bl Tag }kjk fdlh web page ds lcls uhps okys Hkkx vFkkZr Signature Block dks O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA Heading: - Heading dk use djds Web page dks lqO;ofLFkr rjhds ls O;ofLFkr

fd;k tkrk gSsA - First Level Heading - Second Level Heading - Third Level Heading ,,

52 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Syntax: - My First Web Page First step Heading Second Heading Third Heading Fourth Heading Fifth Heading Sixth Heading

;gkaW ij ge Tags ds vUnj Text fy[krs ftUgsa fd gekjs Webpage ij O;Dr djuk gSA Inserting Text and Image: - ge vius Webpage ds HTML document esa Text o Image

Mkyus ds fy;s fofHkUu izdkj ds Tags use esa ysrs gSA HTML doucment esa Text o Image … Tag ds e/; Insert djrs gSA Paragraph Tag: - bls ge ls iznf”kZr djrs gSA ;g Container Tag gS ijUrq bls dsoy start tag ds }kjk gh iznf”kZr fd;k tkrk gSA bl Tag esa end tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ fdlh Paragraph dks iznf”kZr djus ds fy;s fy[kk tkrk gS rFkk ;g Paragraph end gksus ij ugha fy[kk tkrk gSA Example: - My First Web Page ISHWAR Publication ----------------------------------------------------

53 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Line Break Tag: - bls ls Represent fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,d Empty Tag gS tks

fd fdlh Line dks Break djds ubZ ykbu cukrk gSA bls Hkh Closing Tag }kjk cUn ugha fd;k tkrk gSA Example :-

The Great Indian Comedy Show Watch Live on 7 PM

Comment: - ;g ,d Standalone Tag gSA bldk use Webpages eas fofHkUu

lwpuk,sa nsus ds fy;s djrs gS rkfd bl lwpukvkas dsk ckn esa use dj ldasA Comment Tag- Block Quotes: - ;g Tag Text Margin dks O;Dr djus ds dke vkrk gSA Example: -

My First web page ISHWAR Publications ........................ ......................... .........................

Preformatted Text: - bls ls iznf”kZr fd;k tkrk gSA bldk eq[; mi;ksx Text dks Tabular Form esa n”kkZus ds fy;s djrs gSA Example :-

My First Web page ISHWAR & Company RAM

JAN

FEB

MAR

TOTAL

100

200

400

700

54 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce SYHYAM

200

200

400

800

List: - HTML Document ds }kjk fdlh Web pages esa List dk use Hkh dj ldrs

gSA ge nks rjg ls List rS;kj dj ldrs gS & (i) Ordered List

(ii) Unordered List

(i) Ordered list: - Ordered list dks ge Tag }kjk iznf”kZr djrs gSA bls Tag ds lkFk iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA Tag izR;sd List Item ds fy;s use

eas yh tkrh gSA Example :- My First Web page MS. EXCEL MS. WORD MS. POWER POINT MS. DOS Tag esa end Tag dk use ugha fd;k tkrk gSA ;g Run gks tkus ds ckn bl

izdkj fn[ksxk: 1. MS Excel 2. MS Word 3. MS Power Point 4. MS DOS (ii) Unordered List :- bls Tag }kjk Represent fd;k tkrk gSA Tag dk

Hkh bl Tag ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA Example: -

MS Excel MS Word MS Power Point MS DOS

55 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce ;g Run gks tkus ds ckn bl izdkj fn[ksxk:  MS Excel  MS Word  MS Power Point  MS DOS Nesting List: - Nesting List dk vFkZ gS fd ,d izdkj dh List ds vUnj nwljs

izdkj dh List dk iz;ksx djukA Example :- Software MS Word MS Excel MS Foxpro Type Attribute: - Type Attribute dks ds lkFk use fd;k tkrk gSA blds ek/;e

ls List dks Represent djus ds rjhds dks fu;fU=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA Example :- Level One Out Line Level Two Out Line Level Three Out Line Run djus ds ckn Result: I Level One Out Line A. Level Two Out Line B. Level Theree Out Line Start and Value attribute: - Ordered List esa fdlh Øe dks fdlh fuf”pr la[;k ls

“kq# djus ds fy;s Start attribute dk mi;ksx djrs gSA Value attribue dk use Tag ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gS blls fdlh Øe dks iqu% Restart fd;k tkrk gSA blds fy, fuEu izfdz;k gS &

56 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce This Should be numbered 3 This Should be numbered 8

.

Controlling Display of Unordered List: - Type attribute dk mi;ksx fdlh Unordered List

esa Bullet ( ) ds Type dks O;Dr djus ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA Unordered List esa nks izdkj ds Bullets gks ldrs gS & Square, Circle Example :- SOFTWARE Computer Concept MS Word MS Excel HARDWARE CPU Floppy Hard Disk RUN djus ij fuEu izdkj ls iznf”kZr gksxk: -



SOFT WARE o Computer Concept o MS Word



o MS Excel HARD WARE



CPU



Floppy



Hard Disk

Creating Definition list: - Definition list dks Tag }kjk iznf”kZr djrs gSA Definition List Glossary cukus eas dke yh tkrh gSA Definition List esa rhu Tag elements gksrs gSA

57 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce 1. - ;g List dks n”kkZrk gSA 2. - ;g Tag Data Term dks n”kkZrk gSA 3. - ;g Data Definition dks n”kkZrk gSA Example: - Definition List HARDWARE Examples of Hardware are CPU, Input, Output, Storage devices etc. SOFTWARE It is a Set of programs

;g Run djus ds i”pkr~ Webpage bl izdkj iznf”kZr gksxk: HARDWARE Examples of Hardware are CPU, Input, Output, Storage devices etc. SOFTWARE It is a Set of programs

bl izdkj ge fdlh Hkh HTML Documents esa Text Insert djok ldrs gSA ftldks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy;s fHkUu2 Tags dke eas fy;s tkrs gSA ftl :i esa ge Document dks O;ofLFkr djuk pkgrs gS mlh ds vuqlkj bu Tags dk mi;ksx djrs gS vkSj Document esa Text insert djrs gSA Inserting Inline Images: - Inline Images dks HTML document esa tksMus ds fy;s

ge Tag dk use djrs gSA Inline dk vFkZ gS fd Webpage ds fdlh LFkku ij Image tqM jgh gSA lkekU;r% GIF Format gh Inline Image dh rjg dk;Z djrk gSA dqN Browsers JPEG format dks Hkh Webpages eas tksM ikus eas leFkZ gSA Tag ,d Stand alone Tag gSA Syntax: -

58 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Src (Source) Attribute: - fdlh Image Filename & path O;Dr djus ds fy;s vko”;d

gSA Align Attribute: - Align Attribute dh lgk;rk ls ge fdlh Webpage ij Inline Image dh

fLFkfr fuf”pr dj ldrs gSA bl Attribute dh 5 value – Top, Middle, Bottom, Right, Left Example: - Flowers.gif file dks iznf”kZr djus ds fy;s ;gkW Tag dk use New Block dks cukus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gSA Example :-

The Image on this line The Image on this line. The Image on this Line. The Image on this Line. The Image on this Line.

Height & Width of Image: - ;fn ge Inline Image dh Height o Width Attribate dk use

djds Height o Width dks Fix u djs rks fdlh Image dks Webpage ij Download djrs le; gesa rc rd bUrtkj djuk gksxk tc rd fd iwjh Image Download u gks tk;sA blfy;s ge Tag esa Height o Width Attribute dk use djds Image dh size Fix dj nsrs gSA ftlls Browser mruh txg dks NksMdj ckdh Page dks display dj nsrk gSA Example: -



fdlh Link eas Image tksMuk: - ge fdlh Hyper Text Link eas Text ds lkFk2 Inline Image dks Hkh tksM ldrs gSA ;g link Blue border esa fn[kkbZ nsxkA ml ij click djrs gh ;g dk;Z djus yxrk gSA Example: -



59 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Image Link Border: - fdlh Image link ds Border dks Hkh Control dj ldrs gSA Border dh Default Width 2 Pixels gksrh gSA Tag ds Border Attribute dh

lgk;rk ls Width fuf”pr djrs gSA Example: -



Creating Links – HTML Document esa Links cukus ds fy;s Anchor dk

iz;ksx djrs gSA bldh Href property ls Hyper Reference vFkkZr~ Link Source/ File dk Path/ Web Address nsrs gSA By Default Link Text (Hyper Text) Blue Color esa o Underline iznf”kZr gksrs gSA mnkgj.k & Click Here to view NBJ File Click Here for NBJ webpage BookMarks - To add Book in HTML Document, is used. Ex: - Create Link for Bookmark – One can create Hyperlink for a text towards Bookmark in following manner Text Table – HTML Document esa Table cukus ds fy;s dks use djrs gSA Table esa fuEufyf[kr Tag elements gksrs gSA - Table Heading - Table Row - Table Data Ex: - S. No. Name Result 1 Meena Pass 2 Teena Fail

60 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce 3 Neena Pass By Grace 4 Veena First

Form – HTML Document esa Form cukus ds fy, fuEu command dks use djrs gS& ACTION Attribute dk mi;ksx document ds Base Address ij dk;Z djus ds fy,

djrs gSA tcfd Method attribute GET ;k POST gksrs gSA GET dk mi;ksx form ls data dks ysus ds fy, gksrk gSA tcfd POST Data dks Server ij Post djrk gSA Check Box INPUT command ds }kjk Form esa vyx2 Controls dks tksMrs gSA CheckBox

dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa CheckBox dks fy[krs gSA Name attribute dk mi;ksx CheckBox dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language esa ChockBox ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, mi;ksx djrs gSA Value attribute esa CheckBox dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSA Checked ds }kjk By default CheckBox dks Check j[kk tkrk gSA Password Password dks Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g TextBox dh rjg Appear gksrk gS ijUrq blesa Text, **** ds #i esa fn[krk

gSA

61 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Name attribute dk use Password Box dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gSA MaxLength attribute ls Password Box esa Input ldus okys Maximum Characters dh

la[;k dks r; djrs gSA Radio Button Radio Button dks tksMus ds fy, INPUT ds vUrxZr~ TYPE attribute esa Radio

dks fy[krs gSA Name attribute dk mi;ksx Radio Button dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gS ftldk Script Language esa Radio Button ds Data dks Access djus ds fy, djrs gSA Value attribute esa Radio dh Default Value Mkyh tkrh gSA Checked ds }kjk By default Radio Button dks Check j[kk tkrk gSA Reset

tc Reset button ij Click djrs gS rks Form ds lkjs Fields dh Values mudh initial values ij vk tkrh gSA Submit Form dks Submit djus ds fy, bls use djrs gSA Text Box Text Box dks Input djkus ds fy, mijksDr commands dk iz;ksx djrs gSA ;g Box dh rjg Appear gksrk gSA Name attribute dk use TextBox dk uke fy[kus esa djrs gSA MaxLength attribute ls Text Box esa Input gks ldus okys Maximum Characters dh

la[;k dks r; djrs gSA

62 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Select List option entries content

blls Drop Down List dks cukrs gSA Form TextArea

content TextArea dk mi;ksx Multiple Rows and Columns esa Data/Text (tSls&Residential Address etc.) dks Input djkus esa djrs gSA

FrameSet



Frameset esa Browser Window dks Rows ;k Columns esa ckaVk tkrk gSA blds i”pkr~ Frame Tag ls gj Section esa vyx2 HTML file dks j[krs gSA Frameset okys Web Page esa Section ugha gksrk gSA

63 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

UNIT – 4 JAVA SCRIPT LANGUAGE Java Script Language dk mi;ksx Web Page esa Form Designing o mlds related conditions etc. apply djus ds fy, djrs gS blds vykok Java Script Language ls Mouse and Keyboard ds vyx2 Events dks Handle and execute dj ldrs gSA Java Scrpit Language esa Client side programming dh tkrh gS tcfd Server side programming ds fy, Java Servlets etc languages dks use djrs gSA Java Script Language dks Netscape us cuk;k gSA Java Script code dks web page

esa fuEu command ls “kkfey djrs gS & ……...……

;gkWa ij & Type – Script Language Type (i.e. JavaScript) Src – URL (Uniform Rosource Locator) address of external script Example: …………………. Java Script Code (Variables, Constant and User Defined Functions) dks lkekU;r;k WebPage ds Head Section esa fy[kk tkrk gS (bUgsa Body Section esa Hkh

fy[kk tk ldrk gS) vkSj cuk, x, Functions/modules etc. dks Web Page ds Head/ Body section esa use djrs gSA JavaScript dks HTML program esa fy[kk tkrk gS D;ksafd JavaScript Filename.Html dks use djrh gS rFkk HTTP Protocol dks use djds Lo;a dks Web Server ls Client ds Browser rd Hkstrh gS tgka ij og client dh Information dks execute and process djrh gSA

flQZ JavaScript enabled browser gh JavaScript code dks Interpret dj ldrk gSA JavaScript dks Netscape Communicator, Internet Explorer dh rqyuk esa T;knk vPNh rjg ls support djrk gSA Note: - Internet Explorer ds fy, Default Scipting VB Script gS tcfd Netscape

Communicator dh Default Scripting Language JavaScript gSA JavaScript ,d Object Oriented Language gS ftlls Interactive Web Pages cuk ldrs

gSA JavaScript ls HTML Form esa loaded entries dh processing t#jr iMus ij dj ldrs gSA

64 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

VariableProgram esa Variable dk mi;ksx Value dks Store j[kus ds fy, djrs gSA Variable Name fdlh Alphabet (A-Z, a-z), Underscore (_) or Dollar ($) sign ls “kq#

gks ldrk gS tcfd ckdh ds v{kj Alphabets, underscore, dollar and Digit (0-9) gks ldrs gSA JavaScript esa Variable Names Case Sensitive gksrs gSA Data Type – JavaScript esa Variable create djrs le; DataType dks Declare djuk

t#jh ugha gS vFkkZr~ ,d Variable vyx2 le; ij vyx2 data j[k ldrk gSA Declaring a Variable – Java Script esa fuEu Command dk mi;ksx djds Variable

dks cuk;k ;k Declare fd;k tkrk gS & var VariableName; var VariableName = value; Example: var FirstName; var LastName = “Singh”; var sno = 1; Program – var name = prompt(“Enter your name “, “Name”); document.write (“ Hello” + name + “”); JavaScript prompt() dk mi;ksx user ls ,d string ysus ds fy, djrk gSA

65 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce Document.write () dk mi;ksx Variable ds Contents dks Browser esa write/show

djus ds fy, djrk gSA Operators and Expressions Arithmetical Operator – + (Addition) – (Subtraction) * (Multiplication) / (Divide) % (Modulus) – For Remainder (19%4 = 3, 21%4=1, 22%4=2) ++ (Increment Operator) – Increase value by 1 -- (Decrement Operator) – Decrease value by 1 Logical Operator && (And) || (Or) ! (Not) Comparison Operator – = = (Equal to) Eg. “5” == 5 return true = = = (Strictly Equal to) Eg. “5” === 5 return false as one is string and other is number != (Not equal to) != = (Strictly not equal to) < (Less than) (Greater than) >= (Greater than or equal to) String Operator – + (Concatenation) Eg. “Hello”+”How are you” will result “HelloHow are you” Assignment Operator – = (Assignment) +=, -=, *=, /=, %= Conditional Operator – Condition ? value1 : value2 Eg. – a > b ? a=1 : b=1

66 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

Branching in JavaScript if statement – if (condition) { statement1; statement2; } if else statement – if (condition) { statement1; statement2; } else { statement3; statement4; } Nested if statement – if (condition1) { statement1; statement2; } else { if (condition2) { statement3; statement4; } else { statement5; statement6;

67 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce } } switch statement – switch (variable) { case constant1 : statement1; statement2; break; case constant2 : statement3; statement4; break; …………………………………. ………………………………….. ………………………………….. default : statement; }

Loop in JavaScript for Loop – for (expression1; condition; expression2) { statement1; statement2; } while Loop – while (condition) { statement1; statement2; }

Functions in JavaScript JavaScript esa Function, Block of code vFkkZr~ dksM dk lewg gS ftls fd

fdlh dk;Z dks djus ds fy, cukrs gS vkSj Function ,d value return djrk gSA JavaScript function ,d ;k thjks parameters dks Accept djrk gSA Parameter ds }

68 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce kjk MkVk dks Function esa pass/Hkstk tkrk gSA JavaScript esa nks izdkj ds Functions gksrs gS& 1. Built in Functions – os Functions tks JavaScript esa igys ls cus gksrs gSA 2. User Defined Function – bu Functions dks user }kjk cuk;k tkrk gSA bls fuEu izdkj ls Declare djrs gS & returntype functionName(parameter1, parameter2, ……………) Function dks fuEu izdkj ls Call djrs gS & functionName(argument1, argument2, argument3, ……………)

JavaScript Arrays JavaScript esa Arrays ds }kjk ,d ls T;knk values dks store fd;k tkrk gSA Array esa vyx2 values dks Index no ds }kjk Access djrs gSA JavaScript esa Array dks fuEu izdkj ls cukrs gS & arrayName = new Array(array length) arrayName = new Array () JavaScript esa Array dk first element 0 index no. ls “kq# gksrk gSA vkSj JavaScript array dh size dks automatically c”); document.write(friends[2] + “”); document.write(friends[3] + “”);

69 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce document.write(friends[4] + “”); // End hiding JavaScript --->

JavaScript Document Object Model

Browser esa Webpage display gksus ds i”pkr~ JavaScript enabled browser gj individual object dks Webpage esa recognize dj ldrk gSA ,slk blfy, laHko gS

D;ksafd Browser Data Object Model (DOM) dks use djrk gSA DOM dks use djds JavaScript enabled browser Webpage ds mu lkjs objects dks igpku ysrk gS ftuds lkFk mls dealing djuh gSA JavaScript DOM Diagram: Window Document Anchor Link Form TextBox Textarea Radio Button Check Box Select Button

Java Script Objects JavaScript DOM dks support djrh gS vkSj Object ds }kjk JavaScript Assisted Style Sheet (JSSS) dh lgk;rk ls DOM dks extend djrh gSA JavaScript esa gj Object

ds ikl Properties, Methods and Events gksrs gSA To access an object’s Property – ObjectName.Property To access an Object’s Method – ObjectName.Method

Handling Events using JavaScript JavaScript fdlh Hkh Web Page ij Elements ds lkFk dk;Z dks fuEufyf[kr steps

esa Process djrk gS &

70 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce 1.

Identify a web page object

2.

Choose an appropriate event associated with the object

3.

Have a standard method of object’s event

JavaScript ds ikl dkQh la[;k esa Event Handler cus gq, gS tks fd HTML Object ds Events dks map djrs gSA JavaScript dk Event Handler nks izdkj dk

gksrk gS & 1. Interactive – It will depends on user’s interaction with web page. Ex - onMouseOver 2. Non Interactive – It will not depends on user’s action. Ex.- onLoad

fuEufyf[kr Table ls JavaScript ds vyx2 Events vkSj oks dc Call gksaxs dk irk pyrk gS& 1.

onClick – A link, image or document is clicked.

2.

onMouseOver – The mouse is moving over a link or image.

3.

onSubmit – User press Form’s Submit button

4.

onFocus – A document, window, form element receive current input control

5.

onChange – A Textbox, Textarea is modified

6.

onBlur - A document, window, form element receive loses input control

7.

onLoad – An image, document is loaded

8.

onUnload - An image, document is unloaded/user exit.

Dialog Box in JavaScript Alert Dialog Box

;g ,d string dks argument ds #i esa ysdj mls Browser window esa Display djrk gS o blds lkFk2 OK button Hkh Display djrk gSA Syntax: - alert(“message”) Example: - alert (“Click OK to continue”); Prompt Dialog Box

;g Message, mldh default value vkSj OK, Cancel button dks display djrk gSA Syntax: - prompt (“message”, “Default Value”) Example: - prompt (“Enter you Favourite Colour :”, “Blue”); Confirm Dialog Box: -

;g Message vkSj OK, Cancel button dks display djrk gSA Syntax: - confirm (“message”) Example: - confirm (“Are you sure you want to quit”);

71 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

72 / 74

Maa Bhagwati Institute of Management & IT Internet & E-Commerce

UNIT – 5 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) ,d lkekU; “kCn gS tks fd gj izdkj ds Business Transaction ;k Information Exchange ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS

ftls fd Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) ds }kjk Execute fd;k tkrk gSA E-Commerce esa Electronic Trading of goods, Services vkSj Electronic Material “kkfey gksrs gSA Electronic Commerce esa Internet ds O;kolkf;d ysunsu (Commercial Transaction) “kkfey gksrs gSA E-commerce dks fuEu izdkj ls Classify/ Categorize dj ldrs gS & 1. Electronic Market: - bldk eq[; mn~ns”; fdlh Product ;k Services dks