Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals

Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals  Jeffrey B. Burl and Duane Abata Michigan Tech University

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 01 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

 pressure = force area force = pressure x area Slide 02 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

 pressure = force area force = pressure x area Slide 03 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

Slide 04 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

ignition system

Slide 05

crank mechanism D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics intake system

ignition system

Slide 06

crank mechanism D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics intake system

exhaust system

ignition system

Slide 07

crank mechanism D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics intake system thermostat cooling system

exhaust system

ignition system

Slide 08

crank mechanism D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics intake system thermostat cooling system

exhaust system

ignition system

lubrication system Slide 09 crankcase vent

D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics  fuel  air 

air + fuel      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 10 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

stoichiometric mixture

$ 

$  volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 11 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$ 

$ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 12 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$ 

$ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 13 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics $  $      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$ 

$ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 14 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$  $      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$  $  $ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 15 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$  $      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$  $  $  $ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 16 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

$  $      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$  $  $  $  $ 

$ 

volume TDC 

 BDC 

Slide 17 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics Work =

(pressure x volume)

 positive work 

$  $      e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

$  $  $  $  $ 

$ 

exhaust gas residual volume TDC 

 BDC 

negative work 

Slide 18 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics - Some Problems intake tuning 

exhaust tuning 

mixture preparation

combustion, autoignition

wear 

emissions

CxHx CO  NOx

inertia

Slide 18 lubrication

D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

    e      r     u      s      s      e      r     p  

volume TDC 

 BDC 

negligible negative work 

The Diesel Engine D. Abata

10000 - 20000 20000 psi psi

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Diesel Engine D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 01 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 02 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 03 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 04 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 05 D. Abata

Internal Combustion Engine Basics

The Two Stroke Engine Slide 06 D. Abata

Summary • two engine/fuel types  –  gasoline (premixed)  Four Stroke Gasoline Engine

 –  diesel (diffusion)

• four stroke, two stroke  Four Stroke Diesel Engine

 –  intake  –  compression  –   power 

Two Stroke Gasoline Engine

 –  exhaust

•  problem areas  –   performance  –  emissions

Why?

5,000,000,000 engines (one engine for every man, woman and child in the world)