Inteligentno Upravljanje Prometom I Transportom

 

\WCSčFMFŮTC S @H\TBZS GBESMTCT \TZHIBZ\TWB, ZBčSKBZ\TWB F CMCETZHTCOKFE CMCETZHTCOKFEC C

Fktcmfacktkhh uprbvmibkic Fktcmfacktk uprbvmibkic prh`cth` f trbksphrth` \c`fkbrsef rbd

@ckthr9 prhg .dr.sl. @fmckeh Hjbd

\tudckt9 Icmckb \mfŢehvfā ?). Fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbv prcdstbvmib prf`icku rbzmfĀftc tcokhmhafic u prh`ctkh` sustbvu s lfmic` phvcābkib kicahvc uĀfkehvfthstf uĀfkehvfthstf f sfaurkhstf. Hs`fŢmick Hs`fŢmick ic ebeh jf sc s`bkifmh vrfic`c puthvbkib uz phvcābkic sfaurkhstf f udhjkhstf vhzbĀb f putkfeb. Zcbmfzblf Zcbmfzblfib ib FT\-b phjhmiŢbvb pcrghr`bk pcrghr`bksc, sc, cgfebskhst f sfaurkhst prh`ctkha sustbvb u licmfkf. Hjuovbāb ahthvh svc vrstc trbksphrtb9 lcsthvkf, zrbĀkf, ŻcmiczkfĀef,f, ph`hrsef, ehif f`biu `hauākhst `cĒushjkha eh`ukflfrbk ŻcmiczkfĀe eh`ukflfrbkib, ib, Ţth sb` sustbv Āfkf phprfmfĀkh phprfmfĀk h hpscŻkf`. FT\ ricŢckib uemiuĀui uemiuĀuiu u rcdfzbik prh`ctkc fkgrbstrueturc s khvf` prh`ctkf` ricŢckif`b ricŢckif`b hrabkfzblfic f vhĒckib thehvb, fktcmfacktkf` kbvhĒcki kbvhĒckic` c` kb rutc s `bkif` hptcrcāckic`, fkghr`frbkic` h smhjhdkf` pbrefrkf` `icstf`b, dbmifksef` prbāckic` tcrctb f vhzfmb, tcmc`btseh` kbpmbth` lcstbrfkc, uprbvmibkic` uprbvmibkic` fklfdcktkf` sftublfib`b u prh`ctu ftd. (JhŢkibe, :>>?). ^rc`b phdblf`b hrabkfzblfic QOH, prceh 2,: `fmfiukb miudf

svbec ahdfkc s`rtkh strbdb u prh`ctu, b 3> `fmfiukb jfvb hzmficĒckh. Seupkf fzrbvkf f cestcrkf trhŢehvf prh`ctkfo kcsrcāb fzkhsc < dh 4% JD^-b phicdfkfo zc`bmib (JhŢkibe, :>>?). Tc`cmic` kbvcdckha `hŻc sc rcāf db fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbvf zbdhvhmibvbiu svb trf uvictb hdrŻfvha rbzvhib - ahsphdbrsef, hehmfŢkf tc druŢtvckf.

2.FKTCMFACKTKF TZBK\^HZTKF \S\TBWF Fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbv `hŻc`h dcgfkfrbtf ebh uprbvmibĀeu, fkghr`blfiseu f eh`ukfeblfiseu eh`ukfeblf iseu kbdharbdkiu kb trckutku prh`ctku fkgrbstrueturu. Fktcmfacktk Fktcmfacktkff trbksphrtkf sustbv kb` h`hauāuic phvcābkic pcrghr`bksf, jhmif the prh`ctb, cgfebskfif f sfaurkfif prficvhz putkfeb f rhjc, tc sc tf`c s`bkiuic zbabĒckic zrbeb f phvcābvb udhjkhst puthvbkib.  \fktba`b ''fktcmfacktkf ''fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbvf'' hdkhskh berhkf` FT\, umbzf u zkbkstvckf f struĀkf ricĀkfe prh`ctkfo f trbksphrtkfo fkŻckicrb fkŻckicrb tficeh` 6>-tfo ahdfkb :>. sthmicāb, ti. kbehk prvha svictseha FT\ ehkarcsb hdrŻbkha u ^brfzu 2664. ahdfkc. ^rfic thab su ehrfŢtckf druaf kbzfvf, ebh Ţth su lcsthvkb trbksphrtkb tcmc`btfeb, fktcmfacktkf sustbvf prh`ctkflb f smfĀkh (JhŢkibe, :>>7).

 

^rc`b JhŢkibeu (:>>7) fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbvf su ohmfstfĀeb, uprbvmibĀeb f fkghr`blfiseh-eh`ukfeblf fkghr`blfis eh-eh`ukfeblfiseb iseb (efjcrkctseb) kbdharbd kbdharbdkib kib embsfĀkha sustbvb prh`ctb f trbksphrtb ehif` sc phstfŻc zkbtkh phjhmiŢbkic pcrghr`bksf, hdvfibkic prh`ctb, uĀfkehvftfif trbksphrt putkfeb f rhjc, phjhmiŢbkic sfaurkhstf u prh`ctu, udhjkhstf f zbŢtftb putkfeb, `bkic hkcĀfŢāckib, hkcĀfŢācki b, ftd. S hevfru FT\-b rbzvfibiu sc fktcmfacktkb vhzfmb, fktcmfacktkc prh`ctkflc, prh`ctkflc, jcŻfĀkc ''pb`ctkc'' ebrtflc zb pmbābkic lcstbrfkb, dfkb`fĀef kbvfablfisef sustbvf, bdbptfvkf sustbvf sc`bghrfzfrbkfo rbserfŻib, uĀfkehvftfif ibvkf prficvhz, jrzb dfstrfjulfib phŢfmibeb phdrŻbkb fktcrkcth`, buth`btseh ibvmibkic f phzflfhkfrb phzflfhkfrbkic kic vhzfmb u kczahdf, jfh`ctrfis jfh`ctrfisef ef sustbv zbŢtftc putkfeb, ftd.  Fktcrcs zb FT\ dhmbzf hd prhjmc`b uzrhehvbkfo prh`ctkf` auŻvb`b f sfkcrafic khvc fkghr`blfisec fkghr`blfis ec ttcokhmha cokhmhafic fic zb sf`umblfi sf`umblfiu, u, rcbm-tf`c ehktrhmu f eh`ukfeblf eh`ukfeblfisec isec `rcŻc. YbauŢckic prh`ctb ic u phrbstu u lficmh` svfictu ebh rczumtbt phvcābkc `hthrfzblfic, urjbkfz urjbkfzblfib, blfib, phrbst jrhib stbkhvkfeb tc prh`ickc u kbscmickhstf. . YbauŢckic s`bkiui s`bkiuic c uĀfkehvfthst prh`ctkc fkgrbstrueturc f phvcābvb vrfic`c puthvbkib, zbabĒckic zrbeb f phtrhŢkiu ahrfvb. FT\ ic sustbv ehif fsphruĀuic usmuac f fkghr`blfic ehrfskflf ehrfskflf`b `b putc` dfstrfjufrbkha fkghr`blfiseha sustbvb uz uphrbju suĀcmib ehic ic prfmbahĒckh ehrfskfeu fmf pherctkh` hjicetu, jfmh u hevfru prfvbtkha fmf ibvkha scethrb. \ustbv FT\ `hrb jftf ehkvcracktbk f htvhrck, kudcāf s icdkc strbkc prf`icku rbzmfĀftfo tcokhmhafib fktcrbetfvkha f `umtf`cdfibmkha `umtf`cdfibmkha hjfmicŻib,, f s druac strbkc ib`Ācāf licmhvfthst dicmhvbki hjfmicŻib dicmhvbkib b ph lficmh` acharbgseh` phdruĀiu phdruĀiu,, hd `ferhmheblfib, `ferhmheblf ib, arbdhvb dh rcafib, drŻbvb f ehktfkckb ehktfkckbtb. tb. Hskhvkb svrob f`pmc`ck f`pmc`cktblfic tblfic fktcmfacktkha fktcmfacktk ha trbksphrtkha sustbvb ic phdfāf evbmftctu prh`cthvbkib f trbksphrtb, phjhmiŢbtf fseustvb vhzbĀb f putkfeb, phjhmiŢbtf phstupec vczbkc zb puthvbkib miudf, rbz`icku dhjrb f usmuab, tc phvcābtf svcueupku prh`ctku fkghr`blfiseu trbkspbrcktkhst. \thab ic ambvkf lfmi fzarbdkic FT\-b, fktcarblfib sustbvb ehif āc phjhmiŢbtf puthvbkib f prficvhz erhz uĀfkehvftfic f sfaurkfic erctbkic miudf, miudf, rhjc f fkghr`blfi fkghr`blfib, b, uz vcāu `hjfmkhst, vcāu uĀfkehvfthst ahrfvb f `bkic zbabĒckic hehmfkc, hehmfkc, ti. sfaurkfif cehsfstc` u lficmhstf. S sembdu s ambvkf` lfmic` `hau sc dcgfkfrbtf phscjkf lfmicvf ehif phjmfŻc hpfsuiu f phibŢkib phibŢkibvbiu vbiu Ţfrfku ehiu hjuovbāb hjuovbābiu iu sustbvf FFT\9 T\9 phvcābvbkic phvcābvbki c rbdkc uĀfkehvfths uĀfkehvfthstftf f ebpblftctb trbksphrtkha sustbvb, phvcābkic `hjfmkhstf hshjb f rhjc, prcvcklfi prcvcklfib b f s`bkifvbk s`bkifvbkic ic kczahdb f Ţtctb uzrhehvbkfo trbksphrth`, s`bkickb phtrhŢkib ckcrafic f duahrhĀkh ehktrhmfrbkb zbŢtftb hehmfŢb.  Hskhvku srŻ FT\-b Āfkc sustbvkb uprbvmibĀ uprbvmibĀeb eb f fkghr`btfĀeh fkghr`btfĀeh-eh`ukfeblfi -eh`ukfeblfiseb seb ricŢckib uarbĒckb u `rcŻku fkgrbstrueturu, vhzfmb, uprbvmibĀec lcktrc f rbzmfĀftc eh`ukfeblfi eh`ukfeblfisehsehrbĀukbmsec tcr`fkbmc. tcr`fkbmc. Zbzvhi prh`ctb embsfĀkh` fzarbdkih fzarbdkih` ` fkgrbstrueturc dhvcmf su dh prhjmc`b cgfebskhstf f zboticvb zb khvf` usembĒckf` ricŢckif`b ricŢckif`b u lcsthvkh` f druaf`

 

arbkb`b prh`ctb, tc kifohvf` suĀcmif`b s muĀef`, ehmhdvhrsef`, tc mhafstfĀef` f dr. prh`ctkhtrbksphrtkf` sustbvf`b.

\mfeb 29 Icdkhstbvbk prf`icr FT\-b

Fzvhr9 ottp9//www.prh`ctkb-sfakbm ottp9//www.prh`ctkb-sfakbmfzblfib.lh`/fk fzblfib.lh`/fkdcx.pop8mbk dcx.pop8mbka0or&pfd0

:.TCOKHMHAFIC FT\-B  Fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbvf rbzmfeuiu sc u tcokhmhafib`b ehic sc prf`ickiuiu5 hd hskhvkfo sustbvb uprbvmibkib ebh Ţth su buth kbvfablfib, sbhjrbābikf sfakbmf ehktrhmc, sustbvf uprbvmibkib uprbvmibki b ehktcikcrf` ehktcikcrf`b, b, prh`ickm prh`ickmifvf ifvf prh`ctkf zkbehvf, buth`btseh prcphzkbvb prcphzkbvbkic kic rcafstbrsefo hzkbeb fmf eb`crc zb prbāckic jrzfkc, zbtf` ebh Ţth su sfaurkhskf sustbvf f vfŢc kbprcdkfo bpmfeblfib bpmfeblfib ehic fktcarfrbiu Żfvc phdbtec f phvrbtkc fkghr`blfi fkghr`blfic c fz jrhikfo druafo fzvhrb, ebh Ţth su pbrefka s`icrkflc f fkghr`blficsef sustbvf, vrc`ckseb vrc`ckseb prhakhzb, `hst zb hdmcĒfvbkic sustbvb f smfĀkh. Hsf` thab, tcokfec su sc rbzvfmf ebeh jf sc h`hauāfmc kbprcdkh `hdcmfrbkic f usphrcdju s phvficskf` phdbtlf`b hskhvkfo phdbtbeb. Kbdbmic āc jftf hpfsbkc kcec hd ehkstftutfvkfo tcokhmhafib ehic sc hjfĀkh prhvhdc u FT\-u.

:.2 JCŰFčKC EH@SKFEBLFIC ZbzmfĀftf hjmflf jcŻfĀkfo eh`ukfeblfisefo tcokhmhafib su prcdmhŻckc zb fktcmfacktkc trbksphrtkc sustbvc. Zbdfh `hdc` eh`ukfeblfib eh`ukfeblfib kb SOG F WOG grcevcklfic sc kbŢfrheh ehrfstf zb vcmfe hdkhskh Ţfrhe rbsphk eh`ukfeblfib. Erbteha dh`ctb eh`ukfeblfic (`bkic hd 3>>`) `hau sc hstvbrftf ehrfŢtckic` FCC ?>:.22 prhthehmb, phscjkh TBMB\. Tchrctsef rbsphk hvfo prhthehmb `hŻc sc prhduŻftf ehrfstcāf @hjfmc bd-ohl `rcŻb fmf u`rcŻbvbkic. Yb duŻf kfz eh`ukfeblfic prcdmhŻckh prcdmhŻckh ic ehrfŢtckic fkgrbstrueturkc `rcŻc, ebh Ţth su Qf@B_ (

 

FCCC ?>:,27 ), Amhjbmkf sustbv zb `hjfmkc eh`ukfeblfic eh`ukfeblfic (A\@), fmf > eukb. @hŻctc ab vfŢcerbtkh kbdhpukibvbtfkb Żcmickf fzkhs f ehrfstftf u rbzdhjmiu ehic vb`b hdahvbrb, icr CKL kc`b vrc`ckseha harbkfĀckib ehrfŢtckib. Eupkih` CKL urcĒbib f prbvfmkh` uphrbjh`, h`hauāfmf āc sc jrŻc f mbeŢc pmbābkic lcstbrfkc. Sktfm rclckt ycbrs, `hst CTL systc`s wcrc jbscd hk usfka rbdfh dcvflcs fk vcoflmcs tobt whum wh umd d usc usc pr prhp hprf rfct ctbr bryy pr prht hthl hlhm hmss th fd fdck cktftfgy gy b vc vcof oflm lmc c bs ft pbss pbsscd cd ukdc ukdcrr b hvcr hvcr toc toc rhbdw rhb dwby. by.Dh Dh prf prfic ic kcehm kcehmfeh feh ah ahdf dfkb kb vcā vcāfk fkb b CKL sus sustbv tbvb b tc` tc`cm cmififmb mb sc kb ehr ehrfŢt fŢtcki ckiu u rbd rbdfh fh urcĒbib u vhzfmu ehib su sc ehrfstfmb zb fdcktfgfeblfiu vhzfmb. Qofmc lh``ukflbtf lh``ukflbtfhk hk grcqucklfcs bkd stbkdbrds dh dfggcr dfggcr brhukd toc whrm whrmd, d, tocrc obs jcck b jrhbd pu puso so thwbrd brhukd toc 3.6 3.6 AO AOzz gr grcq cquc uckl klyy (? (?>: >:.2 .22. 2.xx QBWC QBWC). ).Wf Wfb b fts fts Kb Kbtftfhk hkbm bm Cm Cmcl cltr trhk hkfl fl Th Thmmmmfk fka a Lh Lh`` ``ftfttc tcc c rcprcsck rcpr cscktfka tfka bmm iurf iurfsdfl sdfltfhks tfhks bkd thmm rhbd hpcrb hpcrbthrs, thrs, bmsh gblfm gblfmftbtc ftbtcd d fktc fktcrhpc rhpcrbjf rbjfmfty mfty hg thmm tbas fk Bustrbmfb ghr toc `umtf-mbkc grcc gmhw thmms rhbds.Htocr systc`s tobt obvc jcck uscd fklmudc stflecrs, , systc`s, bkd Tbas (scc ).Druaf sustbvf ehif sc ehrfstc uemiuĀuiu jbrehd kbmicpkflc, kbmicpkf lc, prcphzkbv prcphzkbvbkic bkic rcafstbrsec pmhĀflc, fkgrblrvckb eh`ukfeblf eh`ukfeblfib ib sustbvb f smfĀkh. ^rhvhĒcki ^rhvh Ēckic c eb`c eb`crb rb u prh` prh`ctkf ctkf sustbv sustbv,, ehif sc sbsth sbsthifif hd eb`c eb`crc rc f urcĒ urcĒbib bib zb `hkf `hkfthrfk thrfka a vhzfmb, ehrfstf sc zb hterfvbkic f fdcktfgfeblf fdcktfgfeblfiu iu vhzfmb tc prcehrbĀc prcehrbĀckib kib harbkfĀckib jrzfkc.  Bpmfeblfic uemuĀuiu9 uemuĀuiu9 - Jrzc eb`crc ehic fdcktfgflfrbiu vhzfmb ehic putuic prceh dhzvhmickc hdkhskh harbkfĀckc jrzfkc. @khaf tbevf urcĒbif ehrfstc rbdbr zb hterfvbkic jrzfkc fmf cmcetrh`bakctsec pctmic zbehpbkc u svbehi prh`ctkhi trblf lcstc. -Lrvckh svictmh eb`crc ehic dctcetfrb vhzfmb ehib prcmbzc mfkfiu

 

-Eb`crc zb buthjusku trbeu ehic fdcktfgflfrbiu vhzfmb ehib putuiu u stbzb`b rczcrvfrbkf`b zb buthjusc. -Eb`crc ehic fdcktfgflfrbiu vhzfmb ehib prcmbzc ŻcmiczkfĀec prficmbzc kb `icstf`b adic th kfic dhzvhmickh -Eb`crc ehic fdcktfgflfrbiu vhzfmb ehib prcmbzc dupmc mfkfic -Eb`crc kb rbserfŻif`b5 hvbi tfp eb`crb sc uambvkh` ehrfstf u arbdhvb fmf ibeh kbscmickf` phdruĀif`b Kcdbvkh sc u phicdfkf` drŻbvb`b phĀcmh s cespcrf`cktfrbkic` s prh`ickifvf` harbkfĀckic` jrzfkc ehib sc `fickib s hjzfrh` kb zbauŢckic kb lcstb`b f smfĀkf` Āf`jckflf`b. Lfmi ic kbrbvkh s`bkickic jrhib prh`ctkfo kczahdb tc icdkhstbvkfif prhthe prh`ctb. Kbsthif sc kc rbdftf prh`ickc harbkfĀckib jrzfkc u mhŢf` uvictf`b vcā db sc fsth prf`ickiuic prf`ickiu ic f rcaumfrb f u dhjrf` uvictf`b.

\mfeb :9 ^rf`icr sustbvb ehif rcaumfrb prh`ickifvb harbkfĀckib jrzfkc erctbkib ph lcstb`b

Typflbmmy durfka fk ahhd

sulo spccd mf`fts hkmy lobkac th dclmfkc phhr lhkdftfhks, rbtocr tobk jcfka f`prhvcd hkcs.

Fzvhr9 ottp9//www.prh`ctkb-sfakbm ottp9//www.prh`ctkb-sfakbmfzblfib.lh`/fk fzblfib.lh`/fkdcx.pop8mbk dcx.pop8mbka0or&pfd0

 

 Ykbtbk jrhi tcŢefo prh`ctkfo kcsrcāb uzrhehvbk ic vcmfef` jrzfkb`b vhzfmb kcprfmbahĒckf` kcprfmbahĒckf` prh`ctkflf f trckutkf` uvictf`b u prh`ctu. \thab ic ehktrhmb jrzfkc icdkb hd kbivbŻkfifo `icrb zb phvcābkic sfaurkhstf kb lcstb`b. S dhsbdbŢkihi prbesf vcāfkb phstupbeb ehktrhmc jrzfkc vhzfmb tc`cmif sc kb `icrckiu trckutkc jrzfkc kb phicdfkf` thĀeb`b prh`ctkflc. Kb hvbi kbĀfk `hŻc sc u hdrcĒckhi `icrf prf`hrbtf vhzbĀc kb sphrfiu vhŻkiu u jmfzfkf ehktrhmkfo thĀbeb, `cĒutf` kb`cāu sc pftbkib9 ebeh hsfaurbtf urbvkhtcŻckf the prh`ctb kb dumif` dfhkflb`b prh`ctkflc prh`ctkflc f ehd vhzbĀb stvhrftf eumturu phŢtfvbkib prh`ctkfo prbvfmb f zkbehvb harbkfĀckib jrzfkc. S Zcpujmflf Orvbtsehi, ebh hdahvhr kb hvb pftbkib, b smicdcāf suvrc`ckc svictsec trckdhvc u prh`ctkf` tcokhmhafib`b, tcokhmhafib`b, ^cce ic rbzvfh sustbv zb buth`btseh prcphzkbvbkic prcphzkbvbkic f prbāckic vhzfmb ehif sc fz`cĒu hstbmha ehrfstf f zb ehktrhmu jrzfkc kb prfklfpu dctcelfic vhzfmb f `icrckib prhsicĀkc jrzfkc kb dfhkflb`b prh`ctkflc. Kb `icrkf` thĀeb`b vhzfmb sc dctcetfrbiu f skf`biu tc sc vrŢf buth`btseh hptfĀeh prcphzkbvbkic rcafstbrsefo tbjmflb. ^hdblf sb `icrkfo thĀbeb Ţbmiu sc lcktrbmkh` scrvcru ehif kb hskhvu phdbtbeb h vhzfmu, vrc`cku f prcĒckh` putu rbĀukb prhsicĀku jrzfku svfo vhzfmb kb svbehi dfhkflf. Sehmfeh ic kceh vhzfmh prcehrbĀf prcehrbĀfmh mh `besf`bmku dhzvhmicku jrzfku, ackcrfrb sc prcerŢbi. Hjrbdb prcerŢbib `hŻc jftf buth`btseb (sustbv ackcrfrb ebzku zb vhzbĀb ehrfstcāf phdbtec fz phmflfisec jbzc) fmf ruĀkb (hpcrbtcr kb Jble-hggflc rbĀukbmu). \ustbv tbehĒcr h`hauābvb buth`btseh smbkic phdbtbeb phmflfisehi hpohdkif h vhzfmf`b ehib su prcehrbĀfmb jrzfku fmf sc kbmbzc kb mfstf trbŻckfo vhzfmb. \mfeb 1). @hauākhstf fktcmfacktkfo fktcmfacktkfo trbksphrtkfo sustbvb u phjhmiŢbkiu stbkib sfaurkhstf u prh`ctu. Yjhrkfe rbdhvb9 Kczahdc f kcsrcāc u prh`ctu f `icrc zb kifohvh sprcĀbvbkic, Orvbtseb bebdc`fib zkbkhstf f u`ictkhstf, Ybarcj. >2. 4. ćurehvfā, E. (:>2>1. 1. BkthmfŢ, E., \tr`cĀef, \., @bauŢfā, G.9 ‛Fkghr`blfiseb sfaurk sfaurkhst hst f fktcmfacktkf trbksphrtkf sustbvf”, \uvrc`ckf prh`ct, vhm9 :?, :>>?., jr. 3., str.