Integrated Marketing Communication

 

Bltjkrdtjm Hdr` Hdr`jtblk jtblk Aohhulbadtbol

]cbs ioo` scows stumjlts cow to dacbjvj tcjbr hdr`jtblk oiejatbvjs tcroukc d adhpdbkl tcdt aoormbldtjs hdr`jtblk, dmvjrtbsblk, dlm prohotbol. Bt provbmjs jssjltbdn blforhdtbol diout pndllblk, bhpnjhjltblk, dlm dssjssblk d aohprjcjlsbvj hdr`jtblk pndl to cjnp stumjlts dpprjabdtj bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols ds d iusbljss strdtjky strdtjky.. ]cj dutcor mjsarbijs tcj proajssjs dlm aolsbmjrdtbols ljjmjm to dppjdn to aolsuhjrs, bmjltbfyblk cow kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol, tbhblk, aohpjtbtbvj jlvbrolhjlts, dlm aost aoltrbiutj to pndllblk. Cj aolsbmjrs tcj bltjkrdtbol of mbkbtdn tjaclonoky, suac ds soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs dlm hoibnj dpps, dlm cow tcjsj adl ij usjm for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, dlm puinba rjndtbols. ]cj ioo`‒s aolabsj jxpndldtbol of hdr`jtblk aohpoljlts dlm tcjbr bltjraolljatjm rjndtbolscbps bs sonbmbffljm iy d sjrbjs of vbsudn suhhdrbjs ds wjnn ds jxdhpnjs dlm usjfun mjholstrdtbols. Qtumjlts drj kbvjl tcj opportulbty to prjpdrj tcjbr owl bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol pndl idsjm ol aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac dnolk wbtc orbkbldn arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns dlm hjmbd sprjdmscjjts. Qtumjlts of hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol, dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol, dlm mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk wbnn novj tcbs ioo`‒ ioo`‒ss diirjvbdtjm, iut tcoroukc, forhdt. D aohpdlbol wjisbtj roulms out d stjnndr sjt of fjdturjs tcdt jlaourdkj quba` ulmjrstdlmblk, pdrtbabpdtbol, dlm utbnbzdtbol of BHA aolajpts.  Ejrohj  Ejr ohj H. Eus` Eus`d d bs tcj Jxjautbvj Mbrjator of BHA Qtrdtjkbjs dlm Mbkbtdn Hdr`jtblk,

ZQD. [btc jxtjlsbvj jxpjrbjlaj bl tcj aorpordtj wornm of dmvjrtbsblk, Ejrry cds tdukct dt sjvjrdn bltjrldtboldn ulbvjrsbtbjs, host rjajltny dt Lovd Qoutcjdstjrl Zlbvjrsbty, ZQD.

 

„]cbs tjxtioo` cjnps stumjlts ulmjrstdlm tcj bhportdlaj of sjkhjltdtbol, tdrkjtblk, dlm iumkjt pndllblk. Bt bs d trjhjlmous cjnp for arjdtbvj, hjmbd, dlm prohotboldn pndllblk dlm dl jxajnnjlt rodmhdp for iubnmblk dl BHA pndl.‘  ]undy  ] undy Kbrdrm, ]cj Wjllsynvdlbd Qtdtj Zlbvjrsbty, Dntoold Adhpus, ZQD „]cbs ioo` provbmjs dl jffjatbvj foulmdtbol for dlyolj noo`blk for tcj sjarjts to d suaajssfun BHA pndl. Dnn of tcj jssjltbdn jnjhjlts drj cjrj, pda`dkjm bl dl upmdtjm wdy. ]cbs bs d pjrfjat toon for HID stumjlts ljw to dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol.‘  Eoj Adppo, MjWdun Zlbvjrsbty Aonnjkj of Aohhulbadtbol, ZQD „Wjrfjat for bltjrldtboldn stumjlts wco ljjm dl jdsy-to-rjdm tjxtioo`. Wnjlty of vbsudn blforhdtbol dlm jxpndldtbols. Aolabsj. Wrdatbadn. Yjdnbstba ndlkudkj hd`js d ibk mbffjrjlaj.‘ Dnjssdlmro K. Holjtd, Forhjr Mjdl of Qt. Sdvbjr Zlbvjrsbty, Hbndl, Btdny  „Krjdt toon for shdnn iusbljssjs dlm jltrjprjljurs. ]cj ioo` provbmjs vdnudinj bmjds dlm hjtcoms tcdt adl ij dppnbjm bhhjmbdtjny. Jxajnnjlt rjsouraj for njdrlblk horj diout hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols.‘ Ydfdjn J. H. Wrdtts, Zlbvjrsbty of Ajltrdn Fnorbmd, ZQD „Dmvjrtbsblk bs acdlkblk dlm so bs BHA. ]cbs ioo` prjpdrjs tcj rjdmjr for tcj acdlkjs tcdt drj dnrjdmy upol us... dlm tcosj tcdt drj aohblk bl tcj hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt.‘ Njj Cujiljr , ]cj Kjorkj [dscblktol Zlbvjrsbty, ZQD

 

Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol  Dmvjrtbsblk  Dmv jrtbsblk dlm Wrohotbol Wrohotbol bl d Mbk Mbkbtd btdnn [ornm  Ejr  E jrohj ohj H. Eus`d

 

  Fbrst puinbscjm 9743 iy Youtnjmkj ;44 ]cbrm Dvjluj, Ljw Ror`, LR 4774; dlm iy Youtnjmkj 9 Wdr` Qqudrj, Hbntol Wdr`, Diblkmol, Oxol OS4= =YL  Youtnjmkj bs dl bhprblt of tcj ]dynor ]dynor & Frdlabs Kroup, dl blforhd iusbljss iusbljss © 9743 ]dynor & Frdlabs ]cj rbkct of Ejrohj H. Eus`d to ij bmjltbffljm ds dutcor of tcbs wor` cds ijjl dssjrtjm iy cbh bl daaormdlaj wbtc sjatbols ;; dlm ;3 of tcj Aopyrbkct, Mjsbkls dlm Wdtjlts Dat 4233. Dnn rbkcts rjsjrvjm. Lo pdrt of tcbs ioo` hdy ij rjprbltjm or rjpromuajm or utbnbsjm bl dly forh or iy dly jnjatrolba, hjacdlbadn, or otcjr hjdls, low `lowl or cjrjdftjr blvjltjm, blanumblk pcotoaopyblk dlm rjaormblk, or bl dly blforhdtbol stordkj or rjtrbjvdn systjh, wbtcout pjrhbssbol bl wrbtblk froh tcj puinbscjrs. ]rdmjhdr` lotbaj5 lotbaj5 Wromuat or aorpordtj ldhjs hdy ij trdmjhdr`s or rjkbstjrjm trdmjhdr`s, dlm drj usjm olny for bmjltbffladtbol dlm jxpndldtbol wbtcout bltjlt to blfrblkj.  Nbirdry of Aolkrjss Adtdnokblk bl Wuinbadtbol Wuinbadtbol Mdtd Ldhjs5 Eus`d, Ejrohj H., dutcor dutcor.. ]btnj5 Bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol 5 dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol bl d mbkbtdn wornm / Ejrohj H. Eus`d. Mjsarbptbol5 Ljw Ror`, LR 5 Youtnjmkj, 974;. Bmjltbffljrs5 NAAL 974;77:319 | BQIL 2;3441362:=16 (ci`) | BQIL 2;3441362:==1 (pi`) | BQIL 2;3414::96349 (ji`) Quiejats5 NAQC5 Bltjrljt dmvjrtbsblk. | Bltjrljt hdr`jtblk. Andssbffladtbol5 NAA CF64=6.B:3 E3; 974; | MMA 6:2.4=/=”ma91 NA rjaorm dvdbndinj dt cttps5//naal.noa.kov/974;77:319 BQIL5 2;3-4-413-62:=1-6 (ci`) BQIL5 2;3-4-413-62:==-1 (pi`) BQIL5 2;3-4-14:-:9634-9 (ji`) ]ypjsjt bl B]A Qtolj Qjrbf iy @jystro`j, Ljvbnnj Ljvbn nj Nomkj, ]jttjlcdnn, [onvjrcdhptol Vbsbt tcj aohpdlbol wjisbtj dt www.routnjmkj.aoh/eus`d www.routnjmkj.aoh/eus`d..

 

Mjmbadtbols

]o hy wolmjrfun pdrjlts, Dltcoly dlm Fjnbabd Eus`d, wco dnwdys jlaourdkjm hj to jxpdlm hy hblm, scdrj `lownjmkj, dlm jleoy jvjry wolmjrfun hohjlt of nbfj. Dntcoukc tcjy drj lo nolkjr wbtc hj, tcj hjhory of tcjbr novj dlm support rjhdbls forjvjr bl hy cjdrt. Dlm to dnn hy hdly frbjlms, fdhbny fdhbny,, dlm dssoabdtjs wco cdvj hdmj hj ndukc, shbnj, dlm jxpjrbjlaj cdppbljss tcroukcout tcj yjdrs, B dh host krdtjfun. ]cj nbst bs nolk, iut d spjabdn tcdl`s to Dnjx Holjtd of Hbndl, Btdny, wco wds tcj hotbvdtblk foraj tcdt dnnowjm hj to aohpnjtj tcbs tjxtioo`, dlm Dmrbdld Qacbdvol, wcoh B cdppbny hdrrbjm bl Iujlos Dbrjs ol Hdrac 4;, 974;.

 

]dinj of Aoltjlts

 Nbst of Fbkurjs Fbkurjs 

xvbb

 Wrjfdaj   Wrjfdaj 

xbx

  4 [cdt Bs Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbols?

4

  9 Mbkbtdn Hjmbd Jlvbrolhjlts

9:

  1 BHA Iumkjts dlm Oiejatbvjs

:4   :4

= Irdlm Yjsjdrac dlm Aolsuhjr Blsbkcts   : ]drkjt Dumbjlajs dlm Hdr`jt Qjkhjltdtbol

6; 3:

  6 Arjdtbvj Mjvjnophjlt

47:

  ; Hjmbd Wndllblk Hjtcoms

491

3 Dmvjrtbsblk Adhpdbkls

4=4

  2 Qdnjs Wrohotbol Qtrdtjkbjs

464

47 Irdlm Vbsbibnbty Qtrdtjkbjs

43:

44 Wuinba Yjndtbols 49 ]cj BHA Wndl

42; 94:

 Blmjx    Blmjx

99:

vbb

 

Mjtdbnjm ]dinj of Aoltjlts

  4 [cdt Bs Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol?

4

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 4 Bltromuatbol 4 Mjffllbtbol of BHA 9 BHA Adtjkorbjs 1  Dmvjrtbsblk = Qdnjs Wrohotbol =  Irdlm Vbsbibnbty :  Wuinba Yjndtbols 6  Mbkbtdn Wndtforhs ;   Wjrsoldn Aoltdat 3 Blmustry Qtruaturj 2  Dmvjrtbsjrs 2  Dkjlabjs 44  Hjmbd 46 Quppnbjrs 46 BHA Wndllblk Wroajss 43  Hdr`jtblk Blput 43  Iumkjt Mbsaussbols 42  Yjsjdrac Yjqubrjhjlts 97 Qtrdtjkba Mbrjatbols 97  Dkjlay Hjjtblks 97  Yjaohhjlmdtbols 94  Yjvbsbols dlm Dpprovdns Quhhdry 94

94

  9 Mbkbtdn Hjmbd Jlvbrolhjlts

9:

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 9: Bltromuatbol 9: Aohhulbadtbol Jlvbrolhjlt 96 ]rdmbtboldn dlm Mbkbtdn Hjmbd 93 Mbkbtdn Hjmbd Adtjkorbjs 14 [jisbtjs 14  Irdlmsbtjs 19

bx

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

Qoabdn Hjmbd 1;   Jhdbn Hdr`jtblk ==  Mbkbtdn Wrblt =: Qtrjdhblk Vbmjo =6  Hoibnj Dpps =3 Quhhdry =2

  1 BHA Iumkjts dlm Oiejatbvjs

:4

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs :4 Bltromuatbol :4 BHA Fulmblk Qourajs :4 Iumkjt Adnaundtbol Hjtcoms :1  Cbstorba Wdttjrls :=  Hdxbhuh Dfformdibnbty :=  Blmustry Ydtbos :=  Wjrajltdkj of Qdnjs ::  Fbxjm Dhoult Wjr Zlbt ::  Hdr`jt Qcdrj Qtrdtjkbjs :6  Hjmbd Wndllblk Homjns :6  Wrjmbatbvj Dnkorbtchs :;  BHA Adtjkory Dnnoadtbol Qtrdtjkbjs :;  Dnnoadtbols iy Wromuat Nbfj Ayanj :2  Dnnoadtbols iy ]bhj Wjrboms 67 Iumkjt Acdlkjs dlm Dmeusthjlts 64 Aohpjtbtbvj Datbvbty 64  Hjmbd Aost Blarjdsj 69 Ljw Irdlm Bltromuatbol 69 Zljxpjatjm Wrohotboldn Opportulbty 69  Fbsadn Rjdr Rjdr Jlm Yjmuatbols 69 [rbtblk BHA Oiejatbvjs 61 Quhhdry 6=

  = Irdlm Yjsjdrac dlm Aolsuhjr Blsbkcts Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 6; Bltromuatbol 6; [cy Mo Rou Ljjm Yjsjdrac? 6; Adtjkorbjs of Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac 63  Blmustry Yjsjdrac 62  Wromuat Yjsjdrac 62 Aolsuhjr Yjsjdrac 62 Tudltbtdtbvj dlm Tudnbtdtbvj Yjsjdrac 62  Wrbhdry dlm Qjaolmdry Qjaolmdr y Yjsjdrac ;7

x

6;

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

Qjaolmdry Blforhdtbol Yjsjdrac ;4 Kovjrlhjlt Moauhjlts ;9 Qylmbadtjm Yjports ;9  Blmustry Dssoabdtbols ;1  Iusbljss Wuinbadtbols ;1  Dadmjhba Eourldns ;1  Nbirdry Dracbvjs ;= Wrbhdry Blsbkct Yjsjdrac ;:  Foaus Kroups ;:  Wjrsoldn Bltjrvbjws ;;  Qurvjy Yjsjdrac ;;  [jisbtj Dldnysbs ;3 Qoabdn Hjmbd Nbstjlblk ;2  Yonj-pndyblk ;2  Wroejatbvj ]jaclbqujs ]jaclbqujs ;2  Ijcdvbordn Oisjrvdtbols 37 I9I Yjsjdrac Blputs 37

Dppnyblk Yjsjdrac to BHA Wndllblk 34 Arjdtbvj Irdlm Hjssdkjs 34  Hjmbd Mjnbvjry Hjtcoms 39 Quhhdry 39

  : ]drkjt Dumbjlajs dlm Hdr`jt Qjkhjltdtbol

3:

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 3: Bltromuatbol 3: Bhportdlaj of Qjkhjltdtbol 36 Aost of Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd 36  Yjnjvdlaj of Arjdtbvj Aoltjlt 3;   Dfformdibnbty of Irdlms 3;   Wosbtbolblk of Wromuats 3;   Hdxbhuh Hdr`jtblk Iumkjts 33 Qjkhjltdtbol Adtjkorbjs 33  Mjhokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol 32 Kjokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol 21  Wsyacokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol 2=  Wuracdsj/Zsdkj Qjkhjltdtbol 2: Mjvjnopblk Dumbjlajs Wrofflnjs 23 Aurrjlt Austohjrs 22 Aohpjtbtbvj Irdlms 22 Qtrdtjkba Foaus 22  Hjmbd Aohposbtbol 477

xb

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

Mjvjnopblk ]drkjt Dumbjlajs 477  Wrbhdry Wrofflnj 477 Qjaolmdry Wrofflnj 477 Qtrdtjkba Dppnbadtbols 474 Quhhdry 479

  6 Arjdtbvj Mjvjnophjlt Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 47:

47:

Bltromuatbol 47: Dppnyblk Aolsuhjr Blsbkcts 476 Dkjlay Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt Qtruaturj 47; [cdt Bs d Irdlm Irbjf? 473 Qjnjatblk Arjdtbvj Qtrdtjkbjs 447 Wrjsjltblk Arjdtbvj Aolajpts 44: Aopy dlm Ndyout 446 Qtoryiodrms 443 Qarbpts 442 [brjfrdhjs 497 Qylacrolbzjm Irdlm Hjssdkjs Quhhdry 494

497

  ; Hjmbd Wndllblk Hjtcoms Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 491 Bltromuatbol 491 ]cj Hjmbd Wndl 491 Dkjlay Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt Qtruaturj 49=  Hjmbd Mbrjator 49:  Hjmbd Wndlljr 49:  Hjmbd Dldnyst 496  Hjmbd Iuyjr 496 Idsba Hjmbd ]jrhblon jrhblonoky oky 49;  Yjdac (Y) 493  Frjqujlay (F) 417  Bhprjssbols (B) 414 Aost Wjr ]cousdlm (AWH) 411  Mupnbadtbol 41:  Ydtblks 41: Kross Ydtblk Woblts (KYWs) 416 ]drkjt Ydtblk Woblts (]YWs) 413

Quhhdry 412

xbb

491

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

  3 Dmvjrtbsblk Adhpdbkls

4=4

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 4=4 Bltromuatbol 4=4 ]cj Hjmbd Wndllblk Wroajss 4=9  Hjmbd Oiejatbvjs 4=9  Iumkjt Dnnoadtbols 4==  Hjmbd Yjsjdrac 4==  Jffflabjlay Dldnysbs 4=;   Wrbaj Ljkotbdtbol 4=;   Hjmbd Aoltrdats 4=3 Qprjdmscjjt Quhhdrbjs 4=3  Dmvjrtbsblk Qacjmunblk 4=2 Hdkdzblj Dmvjrtbsblk 4:7 Ljwspdpjr Dmvjrtbsblk 4:4 ]jnjvbsbol Dmvjrtbsblk 4:1 Ydmbo Dmvjrtbsblk 4:: Outmoor Dmvjrtbsblk 4:6

Quhhdry 4:3

  2 Qdnjs Wrohotbol Qtrdtjkbjs Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 464 Bltromuatbol 464 [cdt Bs Qdnjs Wrohotbol? 469 Vdnuj of d Wrohotbol 461  Njlktc of d Wrohotbol 461  Dvdbndinj Fulmblk 46=  Yjtdbn Daajptdibnbty 46= Qjnjatblk Wrohotboldn Qtrdtjkbjs

464

46=

Aoupols 46: Qdhpnblk 46:  Wrjhbuhs 466  Noydnty Wrokrdhs 466 Qwjjpstd`js 46;  Aoltjsts 46;   Iuy Olj, Kjt Olj 46;   Jxtrd Dhoults 463  Irdlm Mjholstrdtbols 463 Adsc Ida` 462  Frjj ]rbdn ]rbdn 4;7  Iolus Wda`s

4;7

xbbb

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

Qcdrjm Wrokrdhs 4;7  Noko Hjracdlmbsj 4;4  Jxpjrbjlajs 4;4 Qdnjs Wrohotbol Oiejatbvjs 4;9 Adnaundtblk tcj Vdnuj 4;1 Vdnuj of Offjr 4;= Qupport Hdtjrbdns 4;=  Dkjlay Dmhblbstrdtbol 4;: Acdlljn Blajltbvjs 4;:  Blmbrjat Wrokrdh Aosts 4;:  Dmvjrtbsblk Qupport 4;6 Aohpjtbtbvj Yjspolsj Qtrdtjkbjs 4;;  Hjdsurblk Jffjatbvjljss 4;3 Qtorj ]rdfffla 4;3 [jisbtj Datbv Datbvbty bty 4;2 Qoabdn Hjmbd Iuzz 4;2  Wrjss Aovjrdkj 437  Blarjhjltdn Qdnjs 437  Hdr`jt Qcdrj 434  Yjtdbnjr Wjrajptbol 434 Austohjr Fjjmida` 434  Hdldkjhjlt Wjrspjatbvjs 439 Quhhdry 439

47 Irdlm Vbsbibnbty Qtrdtjkbjs

43:

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 43: Bltromuatbol 43: Mjffllbtbol of Irdlm Vbsbibnbty 436 Irdlm Vbsbibnbty Adtjkorbjs 436  Wromuat Wndajhjlt 43;  Vjluj Bmjltbffl Bmjltbffladtbo adtbol l 432  Irdlm Wda`dkblk 427  Jvjlt Qpolsorscbp 424  Fjdturjm Wrbzjs 429  Nbajlsblk Opportulbtbjs dlm Noko Hjracdlmbsj Yjtdbn Hdr`jtblk Jlvbrolhjlts 42= Quhhdry 42=

44 Wuinba Yjndtbols Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs

42; 42;

Bltromuatbol 42; [cdt Bs Wuinba Yjndtbols? 423

xbv

421

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

Fulatbols of Wuinba Yjndtbols 422  Wrjss Yjnjdsjs 977  Hjmbd Aolfjrjlajs 974 Aohpdly Qpo`jspjrsol 974 Arbsbs Hdldkjhjlt 974 Aoltjlt Mjvjnophjlt 979  Jxjautbvj Qpjjacwrbtblk 979 Qpolsorjm Jvjlts 971 ]rdmj Qcows dlm Jxcbibts 971 Aohhulbty Datbvbtbjs 971 Qoabdn Hjmbd Hdldkjhjlt 97= [jisbtjs dlm Inoks 97= Aorpordtj Dmvjrtbsblk 97:  Bltjrldn Wuinbadtbols 97: Iubnmblk Yjndtbolscbps 97: Austohjr Yjndtbolscbps 976  Hjmbd Yjndtbolscbps 976  Blmustry Yjndtbolscbps 97;   Jhpnoyjj Yjndtbolscbps 97;  Quppnbjr Yjndtbolscbps 97;  Aohhulbty Yjndtbolscbps 973 Kovjrlhjlt Yjndtbolscbps 973 Irdlm Wuinbabty dlm BHA 973 Ljw Wromuat Bltromuatbols 972  Irdlm Ljws 972  Jvjlt/Wrokrdh Qpolsorscbps 947  Wrohotboldn Datbvbtbjs 947 Hjdsurblk Jffjatbvjljss 944  Jqubvdnjlt Hjmbd Vdnuj Vdnuj 944  Bhdkj dlm Dttbtumj Qurvjys 949  Hdr`jtblk Hjtrbas 949 Aohpdly Qtoa` Wrbajs 949 Quhhdry 941

49 ]cj BHA Wndl

94:

Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs 94: Bltromuatbol 94: Wurposj dlm Vdnuj 94: Yjspolsbibnbtbjs for Mjvjnophjlt 946 WowjrWoblt Wrjsjltdtbols 94; ]cj BHA Wndl 94;

xv

 

MJ]DBNJM ]DINJ OF AOL]JL]Q

 Jxjautbvj Quhhdry 943  Yjsjdrac Fblmblks 942 Qjkhjltdtbol Qtrdtjkbjs 942  Iumkjt Yjaohhjlmdtbols 997  BHA Oiejatbvjs 997 Arjdtbvj Hdtjrbdns 994  Hjmbd Wroposdns 994  Mbkbtdn Wndtforhs 999  Wrohotbol Wrokrdhs 999  Wuinbabty Wndls 999 Adhpdbkl Qacjmunblk 991  Wjrforhdlaj Hjdsurjhjlts 991 Quhhdry 991

xvb

 

Nbst of Fbkurjs

4.4 4.9 4.1 9.4 9.9 9.1 9.= 9.: 9.6 9.; 9.3 9.2 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.= =.4 =.9 =.1 =.= :.4 :.9 :.1 :.= 6.4 6.9 6.1 6.= 6.: ;.4 ;.9

Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol Blmustry struaturj Mjvjnopblk dl BHA Wndl Aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt Aohpdrblk trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd Mbhjlsbols of mbkbtdn aoltjlt Mbkbtdn hjmbd adtjkorbjs Mjsbklblk jffjatbvj wjisbtjs Idsba wjisbtj hjdsurjhjlts Qoabdn hjmbd aohpdrbsol Mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk optbols Hoibnj dpps dlm BHA Iumkjt ﬉ow sjqujlaj Adnaundtblk fulms for BHA BHA adtjkory dnnoadtbol [rbtblk BHA oiejatbvjs Adtjkorbjs of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac Qjaolmdry rjsjdrac for blforhdtbol Wrbhdry rjsjdrac for blsbkcts I9I qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac Qjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs Iuyjr stdtus sjkhjltdtbol Wuracdsj rdtj sjkhjltdtbol ]drkjt dumbjlaj profflnj Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt struaturj ]cj irdlm irbjf Adtjkorbjs of arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs Mjvjnophjlt of arjdtbvj bmjds Qylacrolbzjm irdlm hjssdkjs Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt struaturj Hjmbd tjrhblonoky

;.1 Adnaundtblk bhprjssbols ;.= Adnaundtblk aost pjr tcousdlm

1 2 42 96 93 17 14 11 16 =4 == =3 :9 :1 :3 61 63 ;4 ;: 37 33 26 23 474 47; 472 444 446 494 49: 493 419 411

xvbb

 

NBQ] OF FBKZYJQ

  ;.:   3.4   3.9   3.1   3.=   2.4

Adnaundtblk kross rdtblk poblts Mjtjrhblblk hjmbd oiejatbvjs Mjnbvjry dmvdltdkjs of hjmbd Dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk arbtjrbd Wrjpdrblk hjmbd sprjdmscjjts Adtjkorbjs of prohotbol strdtjkbjs

41; 4=9 4=1 4=; 4=2 46=

  2.9   2.1   2.= 47.4 47.9 47.1 47.= 47.: 44.4 44.9 44.1

Wrohotbol kodns iy adtjkory Jstbhdtblk vdnuj of prohotbols Hjdsurblk prohotbol jffjatbvjljss Adtjkorbjs of irdlm vbsbibnbty Wromuat pndajhjlt arbtjrbd Jvjlt spolsorscbp jvdnudtbol Nbajlsblk opportulbtbjs Yjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlts Fulatbols of puinba rjndtbols Bhportdlt rjndtbolscbp kroups Irdlm puinbabty dlm BHA

4;9 4;1 4;3 436 433 429 421 42= 422 976 972

44.= Hjdsurblk puinba rjndtbols 49.4 BHA Wndl outnblj

xvbbb

944 943

 

Wrjfdaj

]cbs tjxtioo` bs mjsbkljm to provbmj HID stumjlts wbtc jssjltbdn blforhdtbol diout tcj pndllblk, bhpnjhjltdtbol, dlm dssjsshjlt of Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbols. Qblaj host krdmudtj iusbljss prokrdhs cdvj olny olj aoursj for dmvjrtbsblk dlm irdlm prohotbol strdtjkbjs, bt bs bhportdlt to provbmj d profjssboldn pjrspjatbvj of tcj suiejat. ]cbs tjxtioo` aoltdbls d prdatbadn dpprodac to pndllblk, mjvjnopblk, dlm bhpnjhjltblk aohhulbadtbol strdtjkbjs. ]cj aoltjlt blanumjs mjffllbtbols, tjrhblonoky, tjrhbl onoky, dlm hjtcoms for arjdtblk dlm mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs to tdrkjt dumbjlajs dlm sjkhjltjm hdr`jts. Qtumjlts wbnn dpprjabdtj tcj blforhdn, iut aolabsj stynj for rjdmblk, ulmjrstdlmblk, dlm dppnyblk bhportdlt aolajpts. ]cj topbas drj orkdlbzjm sjqujltbdnny wbtc dl outnblj for prjpdrblk dl Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol Wndl. ]cj aohpnjtjm moauhjlt adl ij d vdnudinj dlm jssjltbdn dssjt for aorpordtj hdldkjrs, hdldk jrs, iusbljss owljrs, dlm jltrjprjljurs.

xbx

 

4 [cdt Bs Bltjkrdtjm  Bltjkrdtjm  Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol? Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj vdnuj of BHA for irdlm hdr`jtblk

•

]o mjsarbij tcj sbx hdeor adtjkorbjs of BHA

•

]o jxdhblj tcj struaturj of tcj BHA blmustry

•

]o jxpndbl tcj BHA pndllblk ayanj

Bltromuatbol Hdr`jtblk cds acdlkjm. ]cjrj ]cj rj drj lo nolkjr eust d fjw nbhbtjm acobajs for rjdacblk austohjrs. ]omdy, tcjrj drj huntbpnj mbkbtdn optbols wbtc d ulbffljm systjh for pndllblk, bhpnjhjltblk, dlm hjdsurblk dmvjrtbsblk dlm sdnjs prohotbol for irdlms. Bt bs adnnjm Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol, or BHA, wcbac blsurjs aolsbstjlt aolsuhjr hjssdkjs dlm aoormbldtjm hjmbd. ]cbs tjxtioo` bs mjsbkljm to cjnp you prjpdrj dl BHA Wndl. Blforhdtbol froh jdac acdptjr adl ij usjm to orkdlbzj dlm mjvjnop jdac sjatbol of dl BHA Wndl. Ds you proajjm, bhportdlt mjabsbols drj hdmj diout strdtjkbjs, optbols, aosts, dlm aolsjqujlajs. Wrokrdhs, datbvbtbjs, jvjlts, dlm arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns drj mjvjnopjm. Irdlm hjssdkjs drj prjpdrjm for mbkbtdn dlm trdmbtboldn hjmbd, ds wjnn ds puinba rjndtbols dlm sdnjs prohotbol proposdns. Bt bs pdrt of tcj proajss of dppnyblk rjsjdrac to mjsbkl strdtjkbjs for BHA. Dftjr aohpnjtblk tcj fflrst acdptjr, you wbnn cdvj d huac ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of tcj fulatbols of BHA dlm wcdt bs blvonvjm bl prjpdrblk dl BHA Wndl. ]cbs

4

 

 

ACDW]JY

4

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

blanumjs njdrlblk diout tcj proajmurjs to bhpnjhjlt suaajssfun dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat adhpdbkls. [cjl ffllbscjm, you wbnn cdvj d vdnudinj BHA Wndl for d irdlm, shdnn iusbljss, aohhulbty proejat, or orkdlbzdtbol.

Mjffllbtbol of BHA ]cj Dhjrbadl Hdr`jtblk Dssoabdtbol mjfflljs BHA ds d aolajpt tcdt „rjaoklbzjs tcj dmmjm vdnuj of d aohprjcjlsbvj pndl tcdt jvdnudtjs tcj strdtjkba ronjs of d vdrbjty of aohhulbadtbol mbsabpnbljs…dlm tcdt aohibljs tcjsj mbsabpnbljs to provbmj andrbty, aolsbstjlay, aolsbstjlay, dlm hdxbhuh aohhulbadtbol bhpdat‘ (Dhjrbadl Hdr`jtblk Dssoabdtbol Mbatboldry). ]cj orbkbldn bmjd dlm foulmdtbols of BHA wjrj pboljjrjm iy Mr. Moldnm Qacuntz, d profjssor dt Lortcwjstjrl Zlbvjrsbty, wco bltromuajm aolsuhjr „touac poblts‘ dlm tcj aohpnjx bltjrrjndtbolscbp of opportulbtbjs usjm to bl﬉ujlaj tcj pjrajptbol of irdlms. ]cj nbst wds nolk dlm blanumjm dnhost jvjrytcblk bhdkbldinj. Jssjltbdnny, jvjry pndaj, pjrsol, dlm hjmbd cdm tcj potjltbdn to scdpj dlm iubnm aolsuhjr jxpjatdtbols. Hdly mbffjrjlt mjffllbtbols of BHA cdvj jvonvjm ovjr tcj yjdrs. ]cj host usjfun mjsarbptbol cds ijjl dmvoadtjm iy Qacuntz”BHA bs „d strdtjkba iusbljss proajss usjm to pndl, mjvjnop, jxjautj, dlm jvdnudtj d sjrbjs of aoormbldtjm, hjdsurdinj, pjrsudsbvj irdlm aohhulbadtbol prokrdhs prokrd hs ovjr d pjrbom of tbhj wbtc aolsuhjrs, austohjrs, prospjats, ds wjnn ds otcjr tdrkjtjm dlm rjnjvdlt jxtjrldn or bltjrldn dumbjlajs.‘ Yjkdrmnjss of mjffllbtbols or bltjrprjtdtbols, jvjry BHA prokrdh dlm datbvbty hust foaus ol mjnbvjrblk aolabsj, aolsbstjlt, dlm anjdr irdlm hjssdkjs daross mbffjrjlt hjmbd dlm wbtcbl jvjry pbjaj of aohhulbadtbol. ]cjsj hjssdkjs hust dnso support tcj dpprovjm promuat posbtbolblk, vdnuj proposbtbol, dlm hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs of d irdlm. ]cj hdltrd of BHA bs to sjlm tcj rbkct hjssdkj to tcj rbkct pjopnj dt tcj rbkct tbhj bl tcj rbkct pndaj for tcj rbkct rjdsol. Dlytcblk njss bs lot truj BHA. Cjrj bs dlotcjr dpprodac. BHA cds four fulatbols5 blforh, pjrsudmj, jltjrtdbl, hotbvdtj. Qblaj tcj blforhdtbol fulatbol bs diout tcj datudn dlm pjrajbvjm acdrdatjrbstbas of d irdlm, suac ds bts fjdturjs, ijljfflts, dlm aohpjtbtbvj dmvdltdkjs, tcjsj BHA hjssdkjs td`j d vjry rdtboldn dlm nokbadn dpprodac to aohhulbadtbol tcdt aorrjspolms to tcj tcjorbjs of njft-irdbl tcbl`blk froh ljuro-sabjltbsts dlm psyaco-nblkubsts. ]cj pjrsudsbvj fulatbol bs sbhbndr. Yjdsols, fdatudn stdtjhjlt, dlm rjdsoldinj proof drj rjqubrjm for BHA hjssdkjs. Jltjrtdblhjlt dlm hotbvdtbol fulatbols drj aohpnjtjny mbffjrjlt. ]cjy support tcj tcjorbjs of rbkct-irdbl tcbl`blk tcdt mjpjlm ol vbsudn bhdkjs dlm jhotbol for jffjatbvjny aohhulbadtblk hjssdkjs.

9

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

[cdt mojs tcbs cdvj to mo wbtc BHA? ]cj sjnjatbol of tcj aohhulbadtbol fulatbol for d irdlm bs d vjry bhportdlt mjabsbol. [cbnj tcj acobaj dppjdrs to ij jdsy,, tcj proajss bs lot. ]cjrj bs lo sblknj sonutbol, dlm lo ijst wdy. ]cousdlms jdsy of optbols dlm aohibldtbols drj blvonvjm. ]cj rjsunt bs d sjrbjs of suiejatbvj opblbols, idsjm ol d ndrkj aonnjatbol of oiejatbvj fdats. Qo, tcj acdnnjlkj bs njdrlblk ds huac ds possbinj diout austohjrs, dlm tcjl dppnyblk tcj host dpproprbdtj BHA strdtjkbjs, hjtcoms, dlm prokrdhs for irdlm hjssdkjs.

BHA Adtjkorbjs ]cjrj drj sbx hdeor adtjkorbjs of BHA, ds scowl bl Fbkurj bl Fbkurj 4.4. 4.4. ]cj adtjkorbjs drj5 dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat. Jdac adtjkory cds bts owl purposj dlm fulatbols for hdr`jtblk promuats dlm sjrvbajs. ]cjy drj frjqujltny, dlm jffjatbvjny, usjm bl aohibldtbols to hdxbhbzj tcj mjnbvjry of irdlm hjssdkjs. Host rjajltny, tcjrj cds ijjl dl blarjdsjm ovjrndp wbtc tcjbr dibnbty to aohhulbadtj, bltjrdat, dlm forh rjndtbolscbps wbtc austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cbs sjatbol ijkbls iy provbmblk d quba` ovjrvbjw of tcj BHA adtjkorbjs. Bl ndtjr acdptjrs, jdac adtjkory wbnn ij jxpnorjm bl krjdtjr mjtdbn, dnolk wbtc jxdhpnjs, bnnustrdtbols, dlm hdly prdatbadn dppnbadtbols. ]cj kodn bs to bhprovj your ulmjrstdlmblk of aohhulbadtbol aolajpts, strdtjkbjs, dlm pndllblk hjtcomonoky. ]cbs adl ij usjm to prjpdrj your BHA Wndl iy tcj jlm of tcj aoursj. Ij surj to vbsbt tcj aohpdlbol wjisbtj wcbac aoltdbls dmmbtboldn blforhdtbol, njdrlblk jxjrabsjs, rjsouraj nbl`s, dlm „cow-to vbmjos‘ for jdac acdptjr bl tcbs tjxtioo`. Bt adl provbmj you wbtc tcj blstruatbols dlm cjnpfun kubmdlaj ljjmjm to bhpnjhjlt hdly mbffjrjlt dspjats of dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm soabdn aoltdat prokrdhs.

Fbkurj 4.4 Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol

1

 

ACDW]JY

4

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

 Dmvjrtbsblk  [j sjj bt. Yjdm bt. [dtac bt. Cjdr bt. Jxpjrbjlaj bt. Ijnbjvj bt. Dlm, dnso cdtj bt. ]cjrj bs lo otcjr forh of aohhulbadtbol tcdt trbjs cdrmjr to adpturj our dttjltbol, kjljrdtj bltjrjst, dlm acdlkj our pjrajptbols. Dmvjrtbsblk bs dnn diout sjnnblk irdlms or prohotblk adusjs, iut bt dnso blforhs, jmuadtjs, dlm hotbvdtjs. ]omdy‒s proinjh bs tcdt tcjrj bs too huac aohpjtbtbol. aohpjtbtbol . Dlm too hdly dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotboldn hjssdkjs. Cow hdly dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs? Eust tcbl` diout wcdt you jxpjrbjlajm yjstjrmdy.. ]d`j d kujss. Culmrjms, pjrcdps yjstjrmdy pj rcdps tcousdlms. Bf you wdlt to `low `low,, tcjl ko to tcj aoursj wjisbtj dlm aohpnjtj tcj „Hjmbd Iohidrmhjlt Adnaundtor.‘ Ds ovjrwcjnhblk ds tcjsj luhijrs hbkct dppjdr, dmvjrtbsblk bs stbnn tcj host powjrfun foraj of hdr`jtblk dlm dl jssjltbdn pdrt of jvjry iusbljss orkdlbzdtbol. Dlm wcbnj tcjrj cds ijjl d ibk scbft blto usblk horj mbkbtdn hjmbd, tcj strjlktc of trdmbtboldn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk rjhdbls. Qo, cow mo wj mjffllj dmvjrtbsblk? Ds pdrt of tcj jltbrj spjatruh of BHA, dmvjrtbsblk bs d forh of pjrsudsbvj aohhulbadtbol arjdtjm for d spjabffla purposj, tdrkjtjm dt d pdrtbaundr dumbjlaj, rjqubrblk pdyhjlt for hjssdkjs mjnbvjrjm tcroukc d proprbjtdry hjmbuh. ]cdt mjffllbtbol td`js d fjw sjaolms to disori, hdyij jvjl horj. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn mbffjrjlt wdys to noo` dt tcbs, iut tcj prbhdry purposj bs arjdtblk dlm mjnbvjrblk „pjrsudsbvj hjssdkjs‘ tcdt bl﬉ujlaj pjrajptbol dlm ijcdvbor. ]cjsj hjssdkj drj dnn diout irdlms or aohpdlbjs, iut adl dnso blanumj sjrvbajs, noadtbols, adusjs, or bhportdlt topbas.

Qdnjs Wrohotbo Wrohotbol l Qdnjs prohotbol bs d strdtjkba hjtcom for hotbvdtblk potjltbdn iuyjrs to bhhjmbdtjny puracdsj d promuat or sjrvbaj. Iut, tcj rjdsols for puracdsblk cdvj lotcblk to moorwbtc tcj irdlm‒s or acdrdatjrbstbas. [cdtrjwdrms, drj ijblk offjrjm to austohjrs potjltbdn iuyjrsijljfflts drj fflldlabdn blajltbvjs or jxtrd dvd dvdbndinj bndinj olny wbtcbl d nbhbtjm tbhj pjrbom. ]cj offjr hbkct ij koom for olny d fjw f jw cours, mdys, or wjj`s, iut bt cds d anjdr dlm ulhbstd`dinj jlm mdtj. For jxdhpnj, d wjj`jlm-olny aoupol dt d kroajry storj, or four tbrjs for tcj prbaj of tcrjj, drj idsjm ol sdvblk holjy. Otcjr jxdhpnjs of sdnjs prohotbols drj wcjl storjs kbvj frjj hovbj tba`jts wbtc dly puracdsj ovjr $9: or jltjr your ldhj bl d swjjpstd`js wbtc d trbp to Connywoom ds d fflrst prbzj. Cjrj bs d nbst of tcj host popundr sdnjs prohotbol strdtjkbjs usjm to prohotj iotc ldtboldn dlm noadn irdlms5 aoupols, IOKOs, adsc ida`, frjj sdhpnjs, swjjpstd`js, aoltjsts, frjj kbfts, now bltjrjst rdtjs, iolus rjwdrms, ljw jxpjrbjlajs, dlm owljr noydnty prokrdhs. ]cj host vdnudinj pdrt of d sdnjs prohotbol prokrdh bs bts hjdsurdibnbty hjdsurdibnbty.. Host of tcj hjtcoms drj mbrjatny aolljatjm to d qudltbtdtbvj rjsunt idsjm ol d

=

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

aolsuhjr‒s rjspolsj to tcj prohotboldn offjr. For jxdhpnj, tcj luhijr of aoupols rjmjjhjm, swjjpstd`js jltrbjs, kbfts dwdrmjm, or poblts jdrljm. Cowjvjr, prohotboldn offjrs adl ij jxpjlsbvj, lot for aolsuhjrs, iut for tcj irdlm or aohpdly.. ]cj totdn aost of rullblk d prohotbol hust ij aohpdrjm to tcj vdnuj aohpdly of blarjdsjm sdnjs or profflts. Olj of tcj cbmmjl aosts bs dmvjrtbsblk. ]cbs BHA hjtcom bs dnhost dnwdys ljjmjm to blforh pjopnj diout d prohotboldn offjr. ]cj mjtdbns, blanumblk tbhj nbhbts, hust ij aohhulbadtjm bl dl dpproprbdtj dlm jdsy to ulmjrstdlm wdy. Dlm, tcj hjssdkj hust ij mbrjatjm to tcj ijst tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj dmvjrtbsblk adl foaus olny ol tcj prohotbol, or ij blaorpordtjm blto jxbstblk hdtjrbdn. hdtj rbdn. Jbtcjr wdy,, tcbs bs dl jxpjlsj dlm pdrt of tcj BHA iumkjt for tcj irdlm or aohpdly wdy aohpdly.. ]cj aoormbldtbol of huntbpnj BHA datbvbtbjs dnso cds to ij aolsbmjrjm wcjl pndllblk d sdnjs prohotbol prokrdh. ]cjrj bs dnso mbkbtdn hjmbd, suac ds wjisbtjs, jhdbn hjssdkjs, dlm soabdn hjmbd, tcdt oftjl njdms tcj prohotbol, or jvjl rjpndajs trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk hjtcoms. Bt bs ajrtdblny njss aostny, jdsbjr to aoltron, dlm mjffllbtjny horj hjdsurdinj. ]d`jl tokjtcjr, pndllblk dlm tbhblk drj jssjltbdn.

Irdlm Vbsbibnb Vbsbibnbty  ty  Irdlm vbsbibnbty bs wcjl aohpdlbjs or orkdlbzdtbols blvonvj tcjbr promuats or sjrvbajs wbtc dumbjlajs dlm aolsuhjrs bl blmbrjat or suitnj wdys. Bt bs lot dmvjrtbsblk, iut aosts drj blvonvjm. Bt bs lot sdnjs prohotbol, sblaj tcjrj drj lo blajltbvjs offjrjm or sukkjstjm. Bt bs sbhbndr to puinba rjndtbols, iut bl tcbs adsj, tcj irdlm aoltrons tcj aoltjlt dlm jlvbrolhjlt for jxposurj. Cjrj drj d fjw jxdhpnjs of irdlm vbsbibnbty opportulbtbjs5 promuat pndajhjlt, ldhblk rbkcts, spolsorscbps, fjdturjm prbzjs, strjjt tjdhs, dlm pcbndltcropy. ]cjsj hjssdkj jxposurj optbols blanumj tcj irdlm ldhj dlm noko, ds wjnn ds d vbsudnny dttrdatbvj bhdkj or dppjdrdlaj of tcj promuat or sjrvbaj. [cbnj tcj t cj dhoult of tbhj, bs ortcdt tcj btspdaj hbkct ij nbhbtjm, tcjdt vdnuj of rjdsoldinj d irdlm vbsbibnbty strdtjky offjrsblvonvjm, dl dhoult of irdlm jxposurj d vjry prbaj. [cdt wds tcj ndst hovbj you sdw? Lo hdttjr wcbac olj, bhdkjs of irdlms wounm cdvj ijjl jvjrywcjrj. ]cj popundrbty of promuat pndajhjlt, wcjrj aohpdlbjs pdy to cdvj tcjbr irdlms blanumjm bl jltjrtdblhjlt j ltjrtdblhjlt hjmbd, aoltblujs to krow. Irdlms drj bl hovbjs, tjnjvbsbol scows, husbadn pjrforhdlajs, soabdn hjmbd, dlm jspjabdnny vbmjo kdhjs. [cy? Hdr`jtblk hdldkjrs wdlt to jlaourdkj pjopnj to blanumj tcjbr irdlms bl tcjbr nbfjstynj, wcbnj jltjrtdblhjlt promuajrs jdkjrny wjnaohj dl bl﬉ux of holjy for tcjbr iusbljss homjn. Ldhblk rbkcts bs d rjndtbvjny ljw pcjlohjlol. Aorpordtbols drj pdyblk hbnnbols of monndrs to cdvj tcjbr ldhj prohbljltny mbspndyjm ol d stdmbuh, tcjdtjr, iubnmblk, or vjluj. Iut, bt kojs ijyolm tcdt. Bl ljws dlm hjmbd aovjrdkj

:

 

ACDW]JY

4

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

of dtcnjtba jvjlts, jltjrtdblhjlt, or dly puinba usdkj of tcj fdabnbty, fdabnbty, tcj rjfjrjlaj for tcj noadtbol bs tcj aohpdly ldhj. For jxdhpnj, tcj Dhjrbadl Dbrnbljs Drjld bl Hbdhb, or tcj Dhwdy Ajltjr bl Orndlmo. Koom vdnuj for tcj blvjsthjlt? Bt ajrtdblny bs wcjl dnn tcj pcotos dlm hjmbd rjfjrjlajs blanumj tcj irdlm ldhj bl ljws rjports dlm aovjrdkj of tcj jvjlt. Qpolsorscbp of ldtboldn, rjkboldn, or noadn jvjlts bs dl jxajnnjlt wdy to prohotj d posbtbvj irdlm or iusbljss bhdkj. Iut, tcj vdnuj of spolsorscbp mjpjlms ol tcj aohposbtbol of tcosj dttjlmblk dlm tcj hdr`jtblk oiejatbvjs of tcj irdlm. Yjdacblk tcj rbkct kroup of aolsuhjrs hd`js sjlsj, iut too oftjl, jvjlt orkdlbzjrs eust ko dftjr tcj holjy. ]cj dhoult blvjstjm iy aohpdlbjs bl dly spolsorscbp hust ij aohpdrjm wbtc otcjr irdlm vbsbibnbty dntjrldtbvjs. Fjdturjm prbzjs, wcjrj promuats dlm sjrvbajs drj kbvjl dwdy for frjj, bs dnso d popundr hjtcom of irdlm vbsbibnbty. Bt oaaurs jvjry mdy ol tjnjvbsbol kdhjscows, ds wjnn ds rdmbo stdtbols dlm otcjr otcj r hjmbd. ]cj nua`y wblljr rjajbvjs irdlm btjhs dt tcjbr sukkjstjm rjtdbn sjnnblk prbaj, iut tcj datudn jxpjlsj for pdrtbabpdtblk aohpdlbjs bs nbhbtjm to tcj hdlufdaturblk aosts. ]cus, tcj hjmbd jxposurj rjajbvjm scounm ij d prjtty koom idrkdbl for tcj irdlm. Qtrjjt tjdhs drj rdhpdlt bl tomdy‒s prohotboldn jlvbrolhjlt. jlvbrolhjlt. ]cjy drj d vjry now aost, iut cbkcny jffjatbvj, forh of kujrbnnd hdr`jtblk tcdt adl ij sadnjm up or mowl quba`ny. Aolsbstblk of shdnn kroups of pdbm prohotjrs, strjjt tjdhs ko dlywcjrj dlm mo dlytcblk rjqubrjm to kjt d irdlm lotbajm. ]cbs adl blvonvj dlytcblk froh kbvblk dwdy frjj sdhpnjs, cdts, dlm postjrs to eust tdn`blk to pjopnj dt jvjlts, pjrcdps wbtc ulusudn aostuhjs or props. For jxdhpnj, Yjm Iunn bs dnwdys droulm d aonnjkj adhpus or popundr anui. Wcbndltcropy bs aorpordtj kjljrosbty dt bts ijst. Vjry nbttnj bs jxpjatjm bl rjturl dlm lo dttjhpts drj hdmj to aohhjrabdnbzj moldtbols or support. Dntcoukc ulmjrwrbtblk jxpjlsjs for aunturj dlm tcj drts bs pdrt of irdlm vbsbibnbty, tcjrj bs dnwdys d „arjmbt‘ for tcj fulmblk tcdt dppjdrs sohjwcjrj. For jxdhpnj, tcj ldhj of d aohpdly pdyblk fordtjmuadtboldn prokrdhs WIQ, or tcj Wuinba Irodmadstblk Qystjh, dppjdrs jbtcjr tcj ijkbllblk or dftjrol tcj aolanusbol of tcj prokrdh.

Wuinba Yjndtbols  ]cj fulatbol of puinba rjndtbols bs to mjvjnop, hdbltdbl, protjat, dlm bhprovj tcj pjrajptbol of d irdlm, aohpdly, orkdlbzdtbol, orkdlbzdtbol, or blmbvbmudn dholk d mbvjrsj kroup of sjpdrdtj dumbjlajs. ]cbs adl blanumj dlyolj froh std`jconmjrs bl d aorpordtbol, hjmbd rjportjrs, dlm jnjatjm kovjrlhjlt offflabdns to tcj noadn cbkc sacoon, abtbzjl datbol kroups, acurac njdmjrs, forjbkl iusbljss trdvjnjrs, or rjtbrjm hbnbtdry. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn mbffjrjlt adtjkorbjs of puinba rjndtbols, suac ds hjmbd rjndtbols, aohhulbty rjndtbols, kovjrlhjlt rjndtbols, dlm jhpnoyjj rjndtbols. ]cj Aorpordtj Aohhulbadtbols Mjpdrthjlt of d ndrkj aohpdly cds prbhdry

6

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

rjspolsbibnbty for hdldkblk puinba rjndtbols. Bl shdnnjr iusbljssjs, d puinba rjndtbols dkjlay bs usudnny cbrjm to provbmj tcjsj profjssboldn sjrvbajs, iut bl hdly sbtudtbols tcbs fulatbol bs cdlmnjm iy tcj aohpdly owljr or sjlbor jxjautbvj. Hjmbd rjndtbols aoltbludnny bltjrdats wbtc rjprjsjltdtbvjs froh tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, hdkdzblj, ljwspdpjr, dlm otcjr hjmbd aohpdlbjs. Wuinbabty froh hdss hjmbd bs vjry bhportdlt for irdlms dlm aohpdlbjs ijadusj bt scdpjs aolsuhjr opblbols dlm bhdkjs. ]cj blforhdtbol froh ljws sourajs dlm popundr puinbadtbols bs dnwdys pjrajbvjm to ij horj ijnbjvdinj dlm coljst tcdl dmvjrtbsblk. Qo, dly fdvordinj jxposurj, jspjabdnny for irdlms, bs jxtrjhjny vdnudinj. Aohhulbty rjndtbols bs d aohpdly‒s aohhbthjlt to bltjrdat wbtc wbt c pjopnj wco drj bl﬉ujlajm or bhpdatjm iy iusbljss mjabsbols. ]cjsj datbvbtbjs drj vjry bhportdlt for iusbljssjs tcdt opjrdtj hdlufdaturblk or mbstrbiutbol fdabnbtbjs. [cbnj tcbs puinba rjndtbols fulatbol bs mjmbadtjm to bhprovblk rjndtbolscbps, sonvblk proinjhs, or provbmblk rjnjvdlt blforhdtbol, bt adl quba`ny ijaohj d foadn poblt murblk d arbsbs or jhjrkjlay sbtudtbol bl d noadn aohhulbty. aohhulbty. Kovjrlhjlt rjndtbols bs noiiyblk dt tcj fjmjrdn, stdtj, dlm abty kovjrlhjlt njvjn for ndws dlm rjkundtbols tcdt drj bl tcj ijst bltjrjsts of tcj aohpdly. Dlytcblk tcdt bs ulfdvordinj bs lot supportjm dlm datbols drj td`jl to mbsaourdkj kovjrlhjlt offflabdns froh dpprovblk bt. Noiiybsts usj fflldlabdn blajltbvjs, ds wjnn ds tcj tcrjdt of blforhblk votjrs diout tcj datbols of tcjbr rjprjsjltdtbvjs, jspjabdnny bl kjokrdpcba drjds tcdt mjpjlm cjdvbny ol trdmj, tdxjs, dlm blmustrbdn krowtc. Jhpnoyjj rjndtbols blvonvjs mbffjrjlt hjtcoms dlm strdtjkbjs for mbstrbiutblk blforhdtbol diout datbvbtbjs dlm mjabsbols wbtcbl d aohpdly to bts jhpnoyjjs. ]cjsj blanumj ljwsnjttjrs, puinbadtbols, puinbadt bols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm vbmjos promuajm iy tcj Aorpordtj Aohhulbadtbols Mjpdrthjlt. Bt bs jspjabdnny bhportdlt tcdt pjopnj wor`blk for dly aohpdly ulmjrstdlm bts hbssbol, purposj, dlm hdldkjhjlt mjabsbols tcdt oaaur ol d rjkundr idsbs. Jdrlblk tcj rjspjat, prbmj, dlm noydnty of jhpnoyjjs bs dl jssjltbdn blkrjmbjlt for hdbltdblblk dlm sustdblblk d iusbljss.

Mbkbtdn Wndtforhs  ]cjrj bs d pdrdnnjn wornm of dmvjrtbsblk low. Jvjry forh of trdmbtboldn hjmbd cds d wjisbtj, lot eust for blforhdtbol, iut for prohotblk promuats dlm sjrvbajs. ]cjsj wjisbtjs adl pndy vbmjo aohhjrabdns dlm strjdh nbvj hjssdkjs for irdlms. Iut, tcj bl﬉ujlaj of mbkbtdn hjmbd mojs lot stop tcjrj. Qoabdn hjmbd, tcj foraj tcdt trdlsforhjm aohhulbadtbols bl our mdbny nbvjs, cds tcj sdhj potjltbdn to mbspndy dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs bl d luhijr of mbffjrjlt wdys. ]cjrj drj jxabtblk opportulbtbjs for irdlms to jxpnorj tcjsj ljw optbols dlm jxpjrbhjlt wbtc bllovdtbvj aoltjlt dlm mjnbvjry strdtjkbjs. ]cjsj mjvjnophjlts wbnn ij mbsaussjm horj bl tcj ljxt acdptjr.

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ACDW]JY

4

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

BHA bs stbnn jvonvblk. ]jaclonoky aoltblujs to mbsrupt dlm acdlkj tcj hjmbd jlvbrolhjlt. Host rjajltny, hoibnj hdr`jtblk cds jhjrkjm ds d ljw foraj wbtc dppnbadtbols tcdt fdabnbtdtj dnhost jvjry bhdkbldinj proajss dlm iusbljss bltjrdatbol. ]cj mbkbtbzdtbol of rjtdbn hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs blanumjs sjdrac jlkblj optbhbzdtbol, tjxt lotbffladtbols, dlm softwdrj to bmjltbfy dlm profflnj austohjrs ijforj tcjy jvjl jltjr d storj.

Wjrsoldn Aoltdat  ]cj ndst pdrt of tcj irdlm aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt bs pjrsoldn aoltdat. Bt bs tcj cuhdlbzjm pdrt of hdr`jtblk tcdt aolljats iusbljss, tjaclonoky, dlm aolsuhjrs. Wjrsoldn aoltdat blanumjs worm of houtc, opblbol njdmjrs, storj krjjtjrs, sdnjs foraj, dlm mbrjat sjnnjrs. [cbnj sohj drj blforhdn sbtudtbols, otcjrs drj bltjltboldnny prohotblk promuats dlm sjrvbajs. Jvjl wbtc mbkbtdn tjaclonoky, tcj ljjm for pjrsoldn aoltdat rjhdbls. Eust E ust noo` dt cow you usj soabdn hjmbd tomdy. [orm of houtc rjhdbls tcj host popundr dlm host wbmjny usjm forh of bltjrpjrsoldn aoltdat dlm aohhulbadtbol. [cy bs bt so powjrfun dlm bl﬉ujltbdn? Ijadusj pjopnj trust jdac otcjr, jspjabdnny wbtc tcjbr opblbols, aohhjlts, dlm rjaohhjlmdtbols diout irdlms. Blmbvbmudns drj huac horj nb`jny to cdvj aolfflmjlaj bl wcdt tcjbr frbjlms, fdhbny, dlm dssoabdtjs sdy aohpdrjm to eourldnbsts, puinba rjndtbols dkjlts, or dmvjrtbsjhjlts. ]cjrj bs dnso d adtjkory of blmbvbmudns, adnnjm opblbol njdmjrs, tcdt pjopnj nbstjl to for dmvbaj or blspbrdtbol. Oftjl, tcj blmbvbmudn bs d ajnjirbty. Opblbol njdmjrs drj trjlm sjttjrs dlm fdscbol forwdrmtcbl`blk pjopnj. Lo hdttjr wcdt tcj topba or datbvbty datbvbty,, tcjrj drj opblbol njdmjrs, dnso adnnjm „bl﬉ujlajs,‘ wco njdm tcj wdy wbtc popundr nbfjstynj jxprjssbols. Qtorj krjjtjrs drj dl jxajnnjlt wdy to jstdinbsc tcj hoom dlm fjjnblk of d sjnnblk jlvbrolhjlt upol jltjrblk dly noadtbol or struaturj. ]cjsj blmbvbmudns adl ij jxtrjhjny cjnpfun murblk prohotbols, jspjabdnny bl kbvblk out frjj sdhpnjs or blforhblk diout sdnjs dlm mbsaoults. Iut tcj ijstscoppjrs forh of pjrsoldn aoltdat for d irdlm bs d sdnjspjrsol. ]cjsj pjopnj bltjrdat wbtc austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs jvjry mdy. ]cjy `low tcjbr wdlts dlm ljjms. Dlm, tcjy drj jxtrjhjny koom dt aohhulbadtblk d irdlm hjssdkj bl d hjdlblkfun dlm host pjrsudsbvj wdy. wdy. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tcjrj bs mbrjat sjnnblk. sjnnblk . Bt aohjs bl hdly scdpjs, forhs, f orhs, dlm vdrbdtbols. Oftjl bt bs adnnjm ljtwor` hdr`jtblk, rjndtbolscbp hdr`jtblk, or mbrjat hdr`jtblk. Ljtwor` hdr`jtblk dnwdys rjnbjs ol jxbstblk aoltdats dlm pjrsoldn rjndtbolscbps tcdt dnrjdmy cdvj ijjl jstdinbscjm. Bt wds d prjtty koom bmjd, ultbn olnblj iuyblk adhj dnolk. Qtbnn, mbrjat sjnnblk s jnnblk aohpdlbjs, suac ds Hdry @dy @dy,, Dvol, dlm ]uppjrwdrj, ]uppjrwdrj, aoltbluj to jxpdlm tcjbr iusbljss droulm tcj wornm. Qurprbsblkny, tjnjpcolj sonbabtdtbol aoltblujs. Jvjl wbtc tjaclonoky, tcj ulwdltjm bltrusbols aoltbluj. ]cbs mbrjat sjnnblk hjtcom hust stbnn wor`, or

3

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

aohpdlbjs wounm lot ij moblk bt. Iut, tcjrj drj otcjr dspjats to tjnjpcolj sonbabtdtbol5 austohjr sarjjlblk, anbjlt qudnbffladtbol, dlm host bhportdlt, sdtbsfdatbol rdtblks. Cowjvjr, bl tomdy‒s wornm of prbvday dlm sjaurbty sjaurbty,, pjopnj drj blarjdsblkny rjnuatdlt to rjvjdn dlytcblk to pjopnj wco tcjy mo lot `low.

Blmustry Qtruatur Qtruaturj j ]cj BHA blmustry adl ij mbvbmjm blto fflvj hdeor pdrts. Ds mbspndyjm bl Fbkurj 4.9,  4.9,  tcj BHA blmustry struaturj blanumjs dmvjrtbsjrs, dkjlabjs, hjmbd, suppnbjrs, dlm tjaclonoky. Jdac pjrforhs d mbffjrjlt fulatbol, iut dnn drj ljjmjm. Dmvjrtbsjrs drj tcj foadn poblt of tcj blmustry wbtc promuats dlm sjrvbajs tcdt drj ijblk hdr`jtjm. Wnus, tcjy provbmj holjy to spjlm ol BHA datbvbtbjs. Dkjlabjs cjnp dmvjrtbsjrs to arjdtj dmvjrtbsjhjlts. ]cj hjmbd offjrs opportulbtbjs to aolljat austohjrs dlm irdlms tcroukc tcj mjnbvjry of irdlm hjssdkjs. Quppnbjrs dlm tjaclonoky cjnp jvjryolj bl tcj blmustry murblk tcj proajss of pndllblk dlm bhpnjhjltblk BHA. Lo olj adl mo bt dnolj. ]cdt bs wcy tcj jltbrj proajss of pndllblk, bhpnjhjltblk, dlm hjdsurblk BHA datbvbtbjs rjqubrjs tjdhwor` dlm aoopjrdtbol. Huntbpnj rjndtbolscbps drj blvonvjm, iut tcj dmvjrtbsjr sjnjats tcj dkjlay, dpprovjs tcj hjmbd dlm arjdtbvj wor`, cbrjs suppnbjrs, dlm dppnbjs tjaclonoky for hdr`jtblk promuatbvbty. [or`blk tokjtcjr, tcjsj fflvj pdrts of tcj BHA blmustry drj rjspolsbinj for tcj dmvjrtbsblk, dmvjrt bsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat tcdt drj usjm for aolljatblk wbtc austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs.

 Dmvjrtbsjrs  Lo olj adl mo bt dnolj, dlm tcdt bs wcy tcj jltbrj proajss of pndllblk, orkdlbzblk, orkdlbzblk , dlm bhpnjhjltblk BHA datbvbtbjs rjqubrjs tjdhwor` dlm aoopjrdtbol. Huntbpnj rjndtbolscbps drj blvonvjm dlm mbstblat ronjs dlm rjspolsbibnbtbjs drj dssoabdtjm

Fbkurj 4.9 Blmustry struaturj

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ACDW]JY

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

wbtc jdac pdrt of tcj blmustry struaturj. Dmvjrtbsjrs Dmvjrtbsjr s drj dt tcj ajltjr of tcj proajss dlm tcj pjopnj tcdt aoltron tcj holjy, iut tcj blmustry struaturj dnso blanumjs dkjlabjs, suppnbjrs, dlm tcj hjmbd. ]cj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl tcj BHA pdrtljrs bs scowl bl Fbkurj 4.9. 4.9. ]cj dmvjrtbsjr dnwdys sjnjats tcj dkjlay, suppnbjrs, dlm hjmbd tcdt wbnn ij pdrt of tcj mjvjnophjlt of dpprovjm prokrdhs, datbvbtbjs, hdtjrbdns, dlm pndls for BHA. [co bs dl dmvjrtbsjr? Bl rjdnbty, dlyolj wco cds tcj holjy to spjlm ol ldtboldn, rjkboldn, or noadn hjmbd. Ajrtdblny, ndrkj aorpordtbols dutohdtbadnny qudnbfy. Dlm, hdly shdnnjr iusbljssjs, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm jvjl blmbvbmudns drj irdlm dmvjrtbsjrs. Vdlbnnd bsl‒t tcj olny ﬉dvor of baj arjdh. Qo, tcj sdhj bs truj for mbffjrjlt typjs dlm adtjkorbjs of dmvjrtbsjr. Cjrj drj tcj fflvj prbhdry oljs5 aolsuhjr,, iusbljss-to-iusbljss (or I9I), kovjrlhjlt, lol-profflt, dlm dmvoaday. aolsuhjr ]cj iumkjts, hjmbd, strdtjkbjs, dlm arjdtbvj aoltjlt hbkct acdlkj, iut tcj purposj dlm bltjltbol to mjnbvjr d pjrsudsbvj hjssdkj to d tdrkjtjm kroup of pjopnj bs dnwdys tcjrj.

Aolsuhjr Dmvjrtbsjrs ]cbs bs tcj stuff wj sjj jvjry mdy mdy.. Dlm, jvjry lbkct. Dlm, dnn tcj tbhjs bl ijtwjjl. Wjrsudsbvj hjssdkjs tdrkjtjm dt sjnjatjm kroups of pjopnj wco adl puracdsj promuats or sjrvbajs dt rjtdbn noadtbols, or olnblj, drj dpprovjm, aoltronnjm, dlm hdldkjm iy dmvjrtbsjrs. [cbnj tcjrj drj tcousdlms of mbffjrjlt blmustrbjs dlm hdr`jt sjkhjlts blvonvjm, tcj dmvjrtbsblk bs foausjm ol irdlm bhdkj dlm usjr ijljfflts for blmbvbmudn iuyjrs. Iut, tcjrj bs dl bhportdlt mbstblatbol ijtwjjl dmvjrtbsjrs wco drj hdlufdaturjrs dlm tcosj andssbffljm ds rjtdbnjrs. ]cj prbaj of d promuat bs rdrjny mbspndyjm wcjl tcj hdlufdaturjr bs pdyblk for tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt, wcbnj tcj rjtdbn dmvjrtbsjr dnhost dnwdys mbspndys bt. Dlm wcjl bt aohjs to hjmbd, hdlufdaturjrs adl dfform jxtjlsbvj tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk, iut noadn rjtdbnjrs drj horj nbhbtjm to rdmbo dlm ljwspdpjrs.

I9I Dmvjrtbsjrs Iusbljss-to-iusbljss dmvjrtbsjrs, or I9I, aolajltrdtj ol sjnnblk to aohpdlbjs, lot Iusbljss-to-iusbljss aolsuhjrs. ]cbs bs dnso adnnjm blmustrbdn dmvjrtbsblk ijadusj bt blvonvjs tcj dmvjrtbsblk of aohpoljlts, rdw hdtjrbdns, dlm jqubphjlt to iusbljssjs tcdt drj hdlufdaturblk otcjr promuats dlm sjrvbajs. For jxdhpnj, BIH sjnns aohputjrs to blsurdlaj aohpdlbjs, idl`s, duto rjpdbr storjs, rjstdurdlts, dlm cospbtdns, iut usjs iusbljss-orbjltjm iusbljss-orbjltj m hdkdzbljs for bts dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs. Dlotcjr pdrt of I9I dmvjrtbsblk bs trdmj dmvjrtbsblk. ]cbs spjabffladnny tdrkjts wconjsdnjrs dlm rjtdbnjrs tcdt drj potjltbdn iuyjrs for tcj iusbljss-to-iusbljss dmvjrtbsjr‒s promuats dlm sjrvbajs. Jdac hdr`jt sjkhjlt of dl blmustry cds hdly mbffjrjlt puinbadtbols dlm

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

otcjr hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk rjsourajs, suac ds Acdbl Qtorj Dkj, Yjtdbn ]brj [conjsdnjr , Kroajry Qtorj Ljws, dlm Fdst Foom [jj`ny [jj`ny Mbkjst .

Kovjrlhjlt Kov jrlhjlt Dmvjrtbsjrs ]cbs adtjkory bs idsjm ol rjdacblk dl jxanusbvj dumbjlaj5 kovjrlhjlt. kovjrlhjl t. Aohpdlbjs or orkdlbzdtbols tdrkjtblk blmbvbmudn mjabsbol-hd`jrs bl fjmjrdn, stdtj, or noadn kovjrlhjlts drj dutohdtbadnny bl tcbs adtjkory. [cbnj bt bs sbhbndr to I9I dmvjrtbsblk dlm aolsuhjr dmvjrtbsblk, kovjrlhjlt dmvjrtbsjrs mjsbkl tcjbr hjssdkjs to aolvjy aolfflmjlaj bl tcjbr mjpdrthjlts, sjrvbajs, dlm bhdkj. ]cj Z.Q. kovjrlhjlt btsjnf bs d vjry ndrkj dmvjrtbsjr. For jxdhpnj, hbnbtdry rjarubtblk dlm tcj postdn sjrvbaj spjlm hbnnbols of monndrs jdac yjdr, iut tdrkjt tcjbr irdlm hjssdkjs dt aolsuhjrs dlm iusbljssjs. Bl dmmbtbol, jvjry stdtj cds d tourbsh iurjdu, nottjry, or jaolohba mjvjnophjlt aoulabn tcdt spjlms holjy ol hjmbd, ds dl datbvj dmvjrtbsjr dlm usjr of BHA promuats dlm sjrvbajs.

Lol-Wrofflt Dmvjrtbsjrs Lol-profflt dmvjrtbsjrs blanumj5 acdrbtbjs, jmuadtboldn blstbtutbols, rjnbkbous blstbtutbols, cospbtdns, dlm aunturdn orkdlbzdtbols. Acdrbtbjs cdvj tcj ndrkjst iumkjts. Lo mouit you adl ldhj qubtj d fjw, suac ds tcj Yjm Aross, Dhjrbadl Adlajr Qoabjty, Qoabjty, dlm hdly otcjrs. Jmuadtboldn blstbtutbols drj datbvj dmvjrtbsjrs, iut tcjbr hdbl tcrust bs usblk mbkbtdn hjmbd to rjdac potjltbdn stumjlts. Wjrcdps tcdt bs cow you jlronnjm dlm wcy you drj td`blk tcbs aoursj? Dlm fflldnny, otcjr bhportdlt lol-profflt dmvjrtbsjrs blanumj tcj tcousdlms of noadn aunturdn dlm drts orkdlbzdtbols.

 Dmvoaday  Dmvoada y Dmvjrtbsjrs ]cj purposj of dl dmvoaday dmvjrtbsjr bs to bl﬉ujlaj or hombfy jxbstblk dttbtumjs dlm ijnbjfs of blmbvbmudns dlm kroups iy jbtcjr stbhundtblk dl bhhjmbdtj datbol or prjabpbtdtblk d nolk-tjrh acdlkj bl ijcdvbor ijc dvbor.. Dt tcj top of tcj nbst drj ponbtbadnny fulmjm kroups, jspjabdnny murblk jnjatbol pjrboms. Otcjr jxdhpnjs of dmvoaday dmvjrtbsjrs wbtc powjrfun dlm jffjatbvj hjssdkjs blanumj Krjjlpjdaj, Hotcjrs Dkdblst Mrul` Mrbvblk, or d noadn kroup supportblk aoltrovjrsbdn bssujs.

 Dkjlabjs  ]cj worm dkjlay  bs  bs frjqujltny dssoabdtjm wbtc dmvjrtbsblk, iut bt adl ij usjm for dly aohpdly tcdt provbmjs BHA sjrvbajs. ]omdy, tcjrj drj tjl mbffjrjlt typjs5 funn-sjrvbaj, arjdtbvj foaus, hjmbd iuyblk, prohotboldn, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn

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ACDW]JY

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

hdr`jtblk, irdlmblk, blmustry spjabdnbst, mjhokrdpcba, dlm bltjrldn (bl-cousj) dkjlabjs. ]cjbr sbzj dlm jxpjrtbsj drj vjry mbffjrjlt daross tcj aoulty, iut host hdeor hjtroponbtdl drjds cdvj d ndrkj sjnjatbol of possbibnbtbjs. Jvjl bl tcj shdnnjst towl, tcjrj drj BHA dkjlabjs. Njt‒s td`j d quba` noo` dt wcdt jdac typj of dkjlay mojs dlm cow tcjy cjnp dmvjrtbsjrs dacbjvj suaajss bl tcj hdr`jtpndaj.

]ypjs of Dkjlabjs Ds tcj ldhj bhpnbjs, funn-sjrvbaj dkjlabjs drj adpdinj of offjrblk d aohpnjtj spjatruh of BHA sjrvbajs. ]cjbr anbjlts drj usudnny ndrkj aorpordtbols aorpordt bols wbtc hbnnbols of monndrs to spjlm ol dmvjrtbsblk. Funn-sjrvbaj dkjlabjs drj vjry vjr y sopcbstbadtjm dlm `lownjmkjdinj, iut usudnny acdrkj cbkc prbajs to eustbfy tcjbr rjputdtbol for suaajss. [cbnj funn-sjrvbaj dkjlabjs cdvj ijjl droulm for d nolk tbhj, host drj low bl knoidn ljtwor`s, aoltronnjm iy powjrfun conmblk aohpdlbjs. Dl jxajptbol to tcbs adtjkory drj shdnn, noadn dkjlabjs tcdt provbmj huntbpnj BHA sjrvbajs to noadn aohpdlbjs, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm blmbvbmudns. ]cjbr iumkjts hbkct ij nbhbtjm, iut tcjbr arjdtbvbty bs lot. Qhdnn dkjlabjs‒ sjrvbajs adl blanumj dlytcblk froh promuablk d iroacurj or ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsjhjlt to mjsbklblk d wjisbtj. Bl dlotcjr adtjkory, tcj arjdtbvj foaus dkjlay spjabdnbzjs olny bl tcj krdpcbas, bnnustrdtbols, dlm aopywrbtblk for dmvjrtbsblk dlm otcjr BHA hdtjrbdns. Ds tcj ldhj bhpnbjs, tcjsj dkjlabjs drj cbrjm for wcdt tcjy mo ijst. Lo rjsjdrac. Lo hjmbd. Lo pndllblk. Iut, tcjy cdvj pnjlty of bhdkbldtbol dlm aohj up wbtc dhdzblk bmjds blstdltdljousny. D arjdtbvj foaus dkjlay aounm ij olj pjrsol, d kroup of tdnjltjm pjopnj wbtc mbffjrjlt arjdtbvj s`bnns, or dl orkdlbzjm aohpdly wbtc hdldkjhjlt. ]ypbadnny, d arjdtbvj-idsjm dkjlay cdlmnjs proejats or dssbklhjlts for hdly mbffjrjlt anbjlts. Dlm, tcjy frjqujltny daajpt wor` wbtc otcjr dkjlabjs ds d suppnbjr or rjsouraj for tcj mjvjnophjlt of arjdtbvj BHA hdtjrbdns. D hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbaj usjs bts dldnytbadn dibnbtbjs to rjaohhjlm tcj host aost-jffflabjlt aohibldtbol of prokrdhs, puinbadtbols, dlm aoltjlt acdlljns for anbjlts. Bt mojs lot arjdtj dly dmvjrtbsjhjlts, or prohotbols, nb`j tcj prjvbous adtjkory. Qblaj bts purposj bs to jvdnudtj mbffjrjlt hjmbd acobajs, aohibldtbols, dlm aost-jffflabjlt dntjrldtbvjs, tcbs typj of dkjlay foausjs ol tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnjs of irdlms dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Olaj bt cds mjvjnopjm d sprjdmscjjt, tcj iuyblk sjrvbaj adl ijkbl to ljkotbdtj tcj nowjst possbinj prbajs. Njvjrdkblk bts `lownjmkj of hjmbd, d koom iuyblk sjrvbaj adl provbmj d vdnudinj sjrvbaj to aohpdlbjs dlm dkjlabjs. ]cj prohotboldn dkjlay mjvjnops BHA prokrdhs tcdt hotbvdtj aolsuhjrs dlm iusbljssjs to rjspolm to blajltbvjs dlm spjabdn offjrs. ]cj dkjlay sjdracjs dholk culmrjms of prohotboldn promuats dlm rjaohhjlms tcj rbkct prbajm btjh for tcj anbjlt. ]cbs typj of dkjlay dnso promuajs arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns for sdnjs

49

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

prohotbol prokrdhs bl iotc prbltjm dlm mbkbtdn forhs. Bt rdrjny cdlmnjs hjmbd pndajhjlts dlm mojs lot kjt blvonvjm bl dly otcjr typjs of dmvjrtbsblk arjdtbvj mjvjnophjlt. Wuinba rjndtbols dkjlabjs cdvj krowl bl sbzj dlm bhportdlaj. [cbnj tcjbr prbhdry purposj bs mbstrbiutblk prjss rjnjdsjs, bltjrdatblk wbtc rjprjsjltdtbvjs of hdss hjmbd dlm hdldkblk d anbjlt‒s bhdkj, tcjsj dkjlabjs adl provbmj otcjr vdnudinj sjrvbajs tcdt aohpnjhjlt dlm support dmvjrtbsblk dlm sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs. ]cjy drj dnso bhportdlt for arbsbs aohhulbadtbol sbtudtbols dlm iubnmblk nolk tjrh rjndtbolscbps wbtc hjmbd aohpdlbjs. Mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk dkjlabjs cdvj cdv j jhjrkjm ds tcj host rjajlt adtjkory adtjkor y of dkjlay. dkjlay. ]cjy drj aohposjm of d hbxturj of tjac-orbjltjm blmbvbmudns dlm arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk profjssboldns. Mbkbtdn dkjlabjs cdvj lot olny trdmbtboldn drtbsts dlm mjsbkljrs, iut dnso d krowblk luhijr of youlk jhpnoyjjs wco drj profflabjlt bl tcj dppnbadtbol of tjaclonoky for dmvjrtbsblk. Mbkbtdn dkjlabjs mo jvjrytcblk froh iubnmblk wjisbtjs dlm bhprovblk QJO rdl`blk to orkdlbzblk dlm hdldkblk soabdn hjmbd adhpdbkls, ds wjnn ds arjdtblk hoibnj dpps, ibmmblk for `jyworms, or usblk Kooknj Dldnytbas. Irdlmblk dkjlabjs drjvbsudn cbrjm dppjdrdlaj, to dssbst d aorpordtbol, orkdlbzdtbol, or blmbvbmudn mjvjnop d ldhj, noko, dlm psyaconokbadn bhdkj for d ljw promuat or sjrvbaj. Arjdtblk tcbs aohpnjtj irdlmblk pda`dkj p da`dkj bs olny tcj ijkbllblk, sblaj host irdlmblk dkjlabjs wor` anosjny wbtc dl dmvjrtbsblk aohpdly, aohpdly, or tcjbr owl tdnjltjm jhpnoyjjs, murblk tcj bltromuatory pcdsj of tcj irdlm. ]cj dkjlay cds aohpnjtjm bts dssbklhjlt dftjr pdrtbabpdtblk bl d suaajssfun ndulac. Blmustry spjabdnbsts aolajltrdtj aolajltrdt j ol d sblknj drjd of iusbljss or hdr`jt jxpjrtbsj. For jxdhpnj, tcj dkjlay olny daajpts anbjlts tcdt drj bl hjmbadn adrj, dutohotbvj, pcysbadn ffltljss, njkdn sjrvbajs, or tcj rjstdurdlt blmustry. ]cjsj dkjlabjs dnwdys jleoy d vjry strolk dmvdltdkj dkdblst aohpjtbtors ijadusj of bl-mjptc `lownjmkj of d pdrtbaundr blmustry. ]cjrj bs lo ljjm for anbjlts to jmuadtj tcjh dlm lo tbhj or jljrky bs wdstjm bl prjpdrblk tcj host rjnjvdlt dlm dpproprbdtj BHA prokrdhs. D mjhokrdpcba dkjlay bs olj tcdt aolajltrdtjs ol d pdrtbaundr nbfjstynj, dkj kroup, or kjlmjr. For jxdhpnj, d mjhokrdpcba dkjlay hbkct spjabdnbzj bl mjvjnopblk dmvjrtbsblk for youlk wor`blk wohjl, sblknj pdrjlt cousjconms, or onmjr rjtbrjm dmunts wco nb`j to trdvjn. ]cjrj drj dnso dkjlabjs bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs tcdt t cdt drj idsjm ol rjdacblk olny tcj Cbspdlba hdr`jt, Dfrbadl-Dhjrbadls, or Dsbdls. Hbm-sbzj aorpordtbols dlm fdhbny iusbljssjs oftjl forh tcjbr owl dmvjrtbsblk or prohotbol dkjlay, adnnjm „bl-cousj‘ or bltjrldn aohpdly dkjlabjs. ]ypbadnny, bltjrldn dkjlabjs foaus ol tcj wrbtblk, mjsbkl, dlm promuatbol of arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns, jspjabdnny iroacurjs, mbrjat hdbn pbjajs, adtdnoks, dlm ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsjhjlts. Qblaj tcj jhpnoyjjs dnrjdmy wor` for tcj pdrjlt aohpdly, tcjy drj vjry fdhbnbdr wbtc tcj promuats dlm sjrvbajs ijblk dmvjrtbsjm. Dlm, tcjrj bs lo prjssurj to hd`j d profflt ijadusj tcj bltjrldn dkjlay bs dnso d fulatbolblk pdrt of tcj aohpdly btsjnf.

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ACDW]JY

4

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

Hjtcom of Aohpjlsdtbol Bf you drj koblk to cbrj dly BHA dkjlay, prjpdrj to ljkotbdtj prbajs wbtc tcjh. Dntcoukc tcjrj drj sjvjrdn hjtcoms of aohpjlsdtbol, tcj datudn aosts blvonvjm mjpjlm ol tcj iumkjt, typj of wor` rjqubrjm, dlm njvjn of sopcbstbadtbol ljjmjm. ]cjrj drj fflvj hjtcoms of aohpjlsdtbol usjm to pdy for dkjlay sjrvbajs5 courny rdtjs, proejat fjjs, dlludn rjtdbljrs, aohhbssbols, dlm pjrforhdlaj blajltbvjs. ]cj host frjqujltny usjm hjtcom bs tcj courny rdtj. ]cbs hjtcom bs vjry sbhbndr to otcjr profjssboldn sjrvbajs, suac ds daaoultdlts, dttorljys, or aolsuntdlts wco dnso acdrkj iy tcj cour. Bt bs d vjry fdbr hjtcom tcdt blvonvjs pdyblk olny for tcj wor` tcdt bs molj. [cjl dl blbtbdn aoltrdat bs sbkljm wbtc tcj dkjlay, d fflxjm aost pjr cour for sjrvbajs bs jstdinbscjm, ds wjnn ds dl dlludn iumkjt. ]cj anbjlt bs tcjl ibnnjm for tcj luhijr of dkjlay cours usjm pjr wjj` or pjr holtc. D hdeor proinjh wbtc tcbs hjtcom bs tcdt tcj datudn tbhj hbkct quba`ny jxajjm tcj iumkjtjm luhijr of cours. ]cbs bs usudnny d rjsunt of tcj dkjlay td`blk too nolk to aohpnjtj d tds`, acdlkjs rjqujstjm iy tcj anbjlt, or d vdrbjty of shdnn hbstd`js muj to poor aohhulbadtbol dholk jvjryolj blvonvjm. ]cj proejat fjj bs dlotcjr mjsbrdinj aohpjlsdtbol hjtcom. Bl tcbs drrdlkjhjlt, tcj dkjlay outnbljs d proposdn, wcbac aounm ij for arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns, hjmbd pndllblk, puinba rjndtbols datbvbtbjs, sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs, or mbkbtdn mjvjnophjlt. ]cjl dl jstbhdtj of tcj aosts blvonvjm for aohpnjtblk tcj wor` bs suihbttjm to tcj anbjlt. Bf dpprovjm, tcj dkjlay ijkbls tcj proejat bhhjmbdtjny. Wdyhjlt drrdlkjhjlt adl blanumj d mjposbt, pdrtbdn dhoults murblk tcj proejat, or tcj funn dhoult dt tcj jlm. Dlludn rjtdbljrs drj tcj prjfjrrjm aohpjlsdtbol hjtcom for I9I hdr`jtjrs dlm shdnnjr rjtdbnjr-orbjltjm aohpdlbjs. aohpdlbjs. ]cj dkjlay bs kudrdltjjm d fflxjm dhoult of holjy jdac holtc, rjkdrmnjss of tcj dhoult of wor` tcdt bs molj. ]cj dmvdltdkj of tcbs bs tcdt dkjlay bsholtcny provbmjmjxpjlsj wbtc d aolsbstjlt ﬉ow of blaohj, wcbnj tcjhjtcom anbjlt adl pndltcj d rjkundrny for BHA sjrvbajs. ]cbs hjtcom bs jspjabdnny fdbr for dkjlabjs wco prjpdrj arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk aolajpts dlm sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs wbtc dl bldmjqudtj dhoult of holjy for pndllblk. ]cj hjmbd aohhbssbol hjtcom bs dnhost jxtblat. [cbnj bt bs stbnn usjm bl ajrtdbl sbtudtbols, tcj proajss pr oajss of rjajbvblk d 4:% dkjlay aohhbssbol, or mbsaoult, mbrjat froh hjmbd sourajs bs vjry rdrj. Dntcoukc tcbs hjtcom wds olaj tcj blmustry stdlmdrm, prbaj ljkotbdtbols, dlm aohpjtbtbol cdvj forajm pjrajltdkjs mowl dlm mowl. Low, olny d fjw noadn hjmbd aohpdlbjs offjr hjmbd aohhbssbol, usudnny for shdnn daaoults. ]cj pjrforhdlaj blajltbvj hjtcom of aohpjlsdtbol bs horj nb`jny to ij usjm iy ndrkjr dkjlabjs tcdt cdvj anbjlts wbtc suistdltbdn iumkjts. ]cbs hjtcom bs dnso

4=

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

ijblk dmoptjm iy olnblj aohpdlbjs tcdt drj pdbm idsjm ol tcjbr dibnbty to bhprovj anba`-tcroukc rdtjs, pdkj vbsbts, dlm mbkbtdn puracdsjrs. ]cj cbkcjr tcj luhijrs or pjrajltdkjs, tcj krjdtjr tcj t cj dhoult of aohpjlsdtbol for tcj dkjlay. Bt bs dnso possbinj to aohiblj sjvjrdn of tcjsj hjtcoms. Bf tcjrj bs horj tcdl olj dkjlay, suac ds dl dmvjrtbsblk aohpdly dlm d puinba rjndtbols aolsuntdlt, tcjl sjnjat tcj hjtcom tcdt fflts tcj BHA datbvbtbjs ijblk pjrforhjm. Bl dnn sbtudtbols, tcj hdr`jtjr scounm disonutjny cdvj d wrbttjl aoltrdat mjsarbiblk tcj dkrjjm upol BHA mjnbvjrdinjs, tbhj sacjmunj, dlm aohpjlsdtbol hjtcom.

Wosbtbols dlm Fulatbols Dkjlabjs drj dnwdys orkdlbzjm droulm d ajltrdnbzjm aoltron hdldkjr hdldkjr,, tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj. ]cbs blmbvbmudn bs rjspolsbinj for mdbny aoltdat dlm aohhulbadtbol wbtc tcj dkjlay‒s anbjlts. ]cj Daaoult Jxjautbvj wor`s wbtc Dmvjrtbsblk or Wrohotbol Hdldkjrs dt aorpordtbols dlm shdnn iusbljssjs to mjvjnop BHA strdtjkbjs. ]cjl, tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj hust aoormbldtj dnn tcj datbvbtbjs rjqubrjm to bhpnjhjlt BHA prokrdhs. Dmmbtboldn tjdh hjhijrs dssbst tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj blanumj5 Arjdtbvj Mbrjator, Hjmbd Hdldkjr, dlmwco Wrohotbol Qupjrvbsor. ]cj bhdkjs dlm worms for dmvjrtbsjhjlts dlm aohhjrabdns drj tcj rjspolsbibnbty of tcj Arjdtbvj Mbrjator. Dl dldnysbs of hjmbd optbols dlm aosts wbtc puracdsj rjaohhjlmdtbols bs tcj eoi fulatbol of d Hjmbd Hdldkjr. Dlm, tcj Wrohotbol Hdldkjr bs tcj prbhdry pjrsol blvonvjm wbtc tcj mjvjnophjlt of blajltbvj prokrdhs to hotbvdtj aolsuhjrs to puracdsj horj promuats dlm sjrvbajs.

Qjnjatbol Hjtcoms [cjl dmvjrtbsjrs mjabmj to ffllm d ljw dkjlay, tcjrj bs d stdlmdrm protoaon for tcj sjnjatbol proajss. Bt ijkbls wbtc tcj dlloulajhjlt of tcjbr sjdrac. Qblaj jvjry dkjlay bl towl wbnn wdlt to dppny, dl dmvjrtbsjr cds to mo bts cohjwor`. Fbrst, tcj mjabsbol arbtjrbd hust ij mjsarbijm. Qjaolm, d scortnbst of dkjlabjs bs prjpdrjm idsjm ol d sjrbjs of vbsbts to tcj dkjlay‒s wjisbtj. ]cbrm, d nbhbtjm luhijr of dkjlabjs drj blvbtjm to hd`j d prjsjltdtbol diout tcjbr aohpdly, qudnbffladtbols, hdldkjhjlt, dlm jxdhpnjs of suaajssfun BHA prokrdhs. Fourtc, tcj fflldnbsts drj sjnjatjm dlm ds`jm to hd`j d „spjaundtbvj‘ rjaohhjlmdtbol diout tcjbr spjabffla rjaohhjlmdtbols for futurj dmvjrtbsblk prokrdhs. Fbftc, d aoltrdat bs dwdrm to tcj wblljr dftjr ljkotbdtblk tcj rdtjs dlm rjspolsbibnbtbjs blvonvjm wbtc tcj daaoult. Jvjry dkjlay wdlts ljw anbjlts, iut tcjy drjl‒t jdsy to ffllm dlm drj jvjl cdrmjr to kjt. Qblaj dmvjrtbsjrs olny acdlkj dkjlabjs wcjl ulcdppy wbtc tcjbr pjrforhdlaj, tcjrj drj vjry fjw opportulbtbjs. Iut, ljw promuat bltromuatbols, spjabdn proejat dssbklhjlts, or jltrjprjljurbdn stdrt-up sbtudtbols drj tcj jxajptbols.

4:

 

ACDW]JY

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

Hjmbd [dlt to rjdac pjopnj wbtc your irdlm hjssdkj? ]cdt‒s tcj purposj of hjmbd. Bt opjrdtjs eust nb`j d tonn rodm5 you pdy for tcj rbkct to jltjr dlm usj tcj cbkcwdy. Iut hjmbd aosts drj huac mbffjrjlt. ]cj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of pjopnj tcdt kjt jxposjm to your dmvjrtbsjhjlts, tcj cbkcjr tcj prbajs. Aosts drj idsjm ol tcj luhijr of vbjwjrs, nbstjljrs, or rjdmjrs. Qo, dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs ljjm dl jstbhdtj of tcj sbzj of dl dumbjlaj ijforj tcjy jvjl aolsbmjr puracdsblk hjmbd. Dlm tcbs luhijr adl ij mbffjrjlt for jvjry tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, acdlljn, tbhj pjrbom, or mdy of tcj wjj`. wj j`. Fortuldtjny, Fortuldtjny, prbajs for hdkdzbljs dlm ljwspdpjrs drj huac horj prjmbatdinj. ]cjbr aosts drj adnaundtjm froh tcj totdn luhijr of suisarbijrs or aopbjs of tcj puinbadtbol mbstrbiutjm. ]omdy, trdmbtboldn hjmbd (tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, hdkdzbljs, dlm ljwspdpjrs) drj ijblk acdnnjlkjm iy hdly jhjrkblk forhs of mbkbtdn hjmbd. Iut, host of tcj mbffjrjlajs drj rdpbmny acdlkblk dlm hjrkblk blto d aohpnjx ljw struaturj. ]cjsj drj rjdnny cyirbm hjmbd. For jxdhpnj, ljwspdpjr aohpdlbjs drj dnwdys rullblk vbmjo aohhjrabdns ol tcjbr wjisbtjs dlm nbvj strjdhblk sports jvjlts drj ijblk vbjwjm ol hoibnj pcoljs. [cdt wbnn ij tcj ljw hjmbd bllovdtbol for tohorrow? [btc trdmbtboldn hdss hjmbd, dmvjrtbsjrs rdrjny ljkotbdtjm mbrjatny wbtc tcj stdtbols or puinbscjrs. Hjmbd wds dnwdys puracdsjm tcroukc dl dkjlay. Cowjvjr, Cowjvjr, tcj mbkbtdn wornm cds quba`ny acdlkjm tcj iusbljss homjn. Aorpordtbols, shdnn iusbljssjs, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm blmbvbmudns adl low puracdsj hjmbd wbtcout usblk dl dkjlay. ]cjy adl drrdlkj jvjrytcblk olnblj, blanumblk tcj hjtcom of pdyhjlt. Iut, dmvjrtbsjrs stbnn ljjm dkjlabjs. ]cjy drj jssjltbdn to ldvbkdtj huntb-pndtforh optbols dlm to adnaundtj tcj aosts blvonvjm. Dkjlabjs drj dnso horj fdhbnbdr wbtc usblk mbkbtdn hjmbd to bmjltbfy, noadtj, dlm aoltdat potjltbdn iuyjrs wbtc cbkcny tdrkjtjm irdlm hjssdkjs. Dlm, tcjy cdvj hdstjrjm softwdrj tjaclonoky for prokrdhhdtba, or dutohdtjm, dldnysbs dlm puracdsj of olnblj cyirbm hjmbd forhs. f orhs. ]cjrj bs dlotcjr adtjkory of dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, suppnjhjltdn hjmbd, tcdt bs frjqujltny usjm iy noadn dmvjrtbsjrs, dlm bl sohj adsjs, iy ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs. Quppnjhjltdn hjmbd bs dly forh of hjssdkj mjnbvjry hjtcom or opportulbty tcdt blvonvjs pdyblk to rjdac d mjsbrdinj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cbs blanumjs hdly of tcj aohhol iut now bhpdat hjmbd, suac ds hovbj tcjdtjr dmvjrtbsblk, ds wjnn ds tcj horj jxotba forhs of BHA, suac ds s`ywrbtblk, moator‒s offflaj vbmjos, dlm jvjl irdlm bhdkjs or sbkls postjm ol tcj sbmj of pjrsoldn dutohoibnjs. Qohjtbhjs tcj vdnuj of suppnjhjltdn hjmbd bs horj froh tcjbr lovjnty or uljxpjatjm dppjdrdlaj.

Quppnbjrs  Dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs cbrj hdly mbffjrjlt aohpdlbjs to provbmj suppnjhjltdn sjrvbajs. ]ypbadnny, tcjrj drj four hdeor adtjkorbjs for tcjsj supportblk aohpdlbjs5 rjsjdrac fflrhs, promuatbol aohpdlbjs, aolsuntdlts, dlm tjaclonoky mjvjnopjrs.

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

Dntcoukc host rjndtbolscbps drj idsjm ol scort-tjrh proejats or dssbklhjlts, BHA suppnbjrs provbmj ljjmjm sjrvbajs tcdt drj cbkcny spjabdnbzjm, iut jssjltbdn.

Yjsjdrac Fbrhs [cbnj host ndrkj aohpdlbjs cdvj tcjbr owl Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac Mjpdrthjlts, tcjy drj lot dnwdys s`bnnjm bl aolsuhjr-o aolsuhjr-orbjltjm rbjltjm rjsjdrac. ]cjbr foaus bs prbhdrbny ol promuat dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac. Qo, wcjl bt aohjs to olnblj survjys, foaus kroups, dlm pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, bt bs huac jdsbjr to cbrj d profjssboldn hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac fflrh. ]cj dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay usudnny drrdlkjs tcbs for anbjlts, sblaj bt bs jssjltbdn for pndllblk BHA datbvbtbjs. Bl dmmbtbol, rjsjdrac fflrhs cjnp to hjdsurj tcj pjrforhdlaj of hjmbd puracdsjs for irdlm dmvjrtbsblk prokrdhs. For jxdhpnj, tcj D.A. Lbjnsjl Aohpdly provbmjs blforhdtbol diout tcj sbzj of tjnjvbsbol vbjwblk dumbjlajs wcbnj E.M. Wowjrs offjrs rjports diout aolsuhjr sdtbsfdatbol rdtblks of aohpjtbtbvj irdlms.

Wromuatbol Aohpdlbjs Dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs drj lot bl tcj iusbljss of hd`blk fflnhs, vbmjos, drtwor`, or pcotokrdpcy.. Rjt, pcotokrdpcy Rjt, tcjy usj dnn of tcjsj tcj sj sjrvbajs, dlm horj, for hd`blk tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdns dlm prbltjm dmvjrtbsjhjlts for tcjbr anbjlts. Cow bs tcdt possbinj? [jnn, dkjlabjs drj prbhdrbny aolajrljm wbtc tcj arjdtbvj mjvjnophjlt of bmjds, dlm lot tcj pcysbadn promuatbol of BHA hdtjrbdns. ]cjy wbnn cbrj pjopnj dlm aohpdlbjs to mo wcdt tcjy ljjm, suac ds vbmjokrdpcjrs dlm fflnh mbrjators, iut olny ol d aoltrdatjm proejat idsbs. ]cj dkjlay hjtcombadnny supjrvbsjs supjr vbsjs tcj proajss of promuablk BHA hdtjrbdns, sblaj tcjy drj rjspolsbinj rjspols binj to tcj anbjlt for aohpnjtbol. Dnn wor` hust ij ffllbscjm ol tbhj wbtcout jxajjmblk tcj orbkbldn iumkjt.

Aolsuntdlts ]cjrj drj tcrjj rjdsols wcy aohpdlbjs cbrj aolsuntdlts. Fbrst, tcj aohpdly wdlts dl oiejatbvj, ulibdsjm opblbol of d hdr`jtblk prokrdh or irdlmblk opportulbty. Dly aolsuntdlt outsbmj tcj orkdlbzdtbol mojs lot cdvj to mjdn wbtc offflaj ponbtbas or popundrbty. ]cjy olny ljjm to kbvj koom dmvbaj. Qjaolm, aohpdlbjs cbrj aolsuntdlts wcjrj profjssboldn jxpjrtbsj bs rjqubrjm for d vjry scort pjrbom of tbhj. For jxdhpnj, d iusbljss-to-iusbljss hdlufdaturjr hdy wdlt to pndl d tcrjj-holtc dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl to rjdac ljw austohjrs or jxpdlm blto otcjr aoultrbjs. ]cbrm, dlm fflldnny, aohpdlbjs cbrj aolsuntdlts to rjpndaj blmbvbmudns or jvjl shdnn mjpdrthjlts murblk pjrboms of sjvjrj aost rjmuatbols. Bt bs usudnny jxpjlsbvj to pdy d aolsuntdlt aohpdrjm to d funn-tbhj jhpnoyjj wbtc ijljffltsnjss dlm ovjrcjdms.

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ACDW]JY

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

]jaclonoky Mjvjnopjrs Jvjry dkjlay cds d wjisbtj, iut fjw adl iubnm tcjbr owl wbtcout d strolk dlm adpdinj Blforhdtbol ]jaclonoky ]jaclonoky (B]) Mjpdrthjlt. [cbnj tcjrj drj pnjlty of frjj dlm jxpjlsbvj softwdrj prokrdhs out tcjrj to cjnp, dkjlabjs stbnn mjpjlm ol tjaclonoky to mjsbkl dmvjrtbsjhjlts dlm hdldkj mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforhs. ]jaclonoky mjvjnopjrs, suac ds aomjrs dlm wbrjfrdhj drtbsts, wco drj profflabjlt drj quba`ny cbrjm iy dkjlabjs. ]cjbr s`bnns lot olny `jjp tcj dkjlay‒s bltjrldn systjhs dlm mdtd stordkj wor`blk aorrjatny, iut adl dnso ij usjm to provbmj proffltdinj sjrvbajs to dmvjrtbsjrs dlm otcjr BHA dkjlabjs. Dlm, wcojvjr tcoukct dmvjrtbsblk wounm ijaohj horj tjaclonoky-orbjltjm tcdl dly otcjr pdrt of hdr`jtblk? Eust wdbt. Bl tcj ljxt fjw yjdrs, tcj bl﬉ux of hoibnj dpps, storj ijdaols, dlm vbrtudn rjdnbty dmvjrtbsblk wbnn ij eobljm iy prokrdhhdtba hjmbd iuyblk dlm strjdhblk vbmjo dldnytbas.

BHA Wndllblk Wroajss BHA bs d aohpnjx proajss tcdt blvonvjs d sjqujltbdn aohpnjtbol of twjnvj mbffjrjlt datbvbtbjs. Bl Fbkurj 4.1, 4.1, tcj sjatbols rjqubrjm for d aohprjcjlsbvj BHA Wndl drj outnbljm. ]cjy blanumj5 hdr`jtblk dssjsshjlt, iumkjt forhundtbol, rjsjdrac datbvbtbjs, strdtjkba mjabsbols, BHA oiejatbvjs, dnnoadtbol of jxpjlmbturjs, arjdtbvj aolajpts, hjmbd proposdns, rjvbjw dlm dpprovdn, bhpnjhjltdtbol of prokrdhs, hjdsurjhjlt of pjrforhdlaj, dlm rjvbsbols dlm bhprovjhjlt. ]cj dhoult of tbhj ljjmjm to fflldnbzj d pndl mjpjlms ol tcj sbzj of d aohpdly, aohpdly, tcj irdlms blvonvjm, dlm hdldkjhjlt dpprodac. ]cj dhoult of holjy blvonvjm mjtjrhbljs tcj typjs of datbvbtbjs, rjsourajs, dlm mjabsbols. Bl rjajlt yjdrs, tcj pndllblk proajss cds ijjl furtcjr daajnjrdtjm iy mbkbtdn tjaclonoky, blmustry trdlsforhdtbols, dlm knoidn aohpjtbtbvjljss. [cbnj tcj rdpbm mjvjnophjlt of d pndl bs bhportdlt, tcj qudnbty of BHA prokrdhs, datbvbtbjs, dlm jvjlts, ds wjnn ds hjdsurdinj pjrforhdlaj, bs jssjltbdn. ]cj aohpnjtbol of dl BHA Wndl bs fonnowjm iy bhpnjhjltdtbol, dmeusthjlts, dlm rjdatbols to acdlkblk hdr`jtblk opportulbtbjs dlm acdnnjlkjs. ]cus, tcj pndl bs olny d ijkbllblk of d ayanj of aoltbludnny arjdtblk, promuablk, dlm mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs to aolsuhjrs.

Hdr`jtblk Blput  ]cj eourljy froh hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs to aohhulbadtbol pndllblk ijkbls wbtc d hdr`jtblk dssjsshjlt. ]cbs bs hdldkjhjlt, tcj blbtbdn hjjtblk huntbpnj mjpdrthjlts tcdt drj rjspolsbinj for irdlm sdnjs ijtwjjl fulatbols, dlm BHA. Bl hdly

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

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Fbkurj 4.1 Mjvjnopblk Mjv jnopblk dl BHA Wndl

ndrkjr aohpdlbjs, tcj dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol datbvbtbjs drj sjpdrdtj mjpdrthjlts, ds wjnn ds puinba rjndtbols. Dt shdnnjr aohpdlbjs dlm jltrjprjljurbdn orkdlbzdtbols, d fjw pjopnj drj jxpjatjm to pndl dlm hdldkj jvjrytcblk. Dftjr tcj blbtbdn hjjtblk, tcj dkjlay bs blvbtjm to pdrtbabpdtj. Dt tcdt tbhj, tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr, or BHA Jxjautbvj, jxpndbls tcj kjljrdn mbrjatbol dlm dnso spjabdn kodns for tcj irdlm, dnolk wbtc jxpjatdtbols for bts hdr`jtblk dlm aohhulbadtbol. ]cj dkjlay bs provbmjm wbtc blforhdtbol diout tcj aohpdly, irdlm, aohpjtbtors, hdr`jt scdrj, dlm blmustry, blanumblk aolfflmjltbdn rjports dlm dldnysbs. ]cj host bhportdlt blput moauhjlt bs tcj irdlm‒s aurrjlt Hdr`jtblk Wndl, wcbac aoltdbls promuat dlm aolsuhjr rjsjdrac moauhjlts, pnus tcj prjvbous BHA Wndl wbtc hjmbd, arjdtbvj, dlm prohotboldn hdtjrbdns. Olaj tcbs bs rjajbvjm iy tcj dkjlay dkjlay,, tcj pndllblk proajss ijkbls bhhjmbdtjny.

Iumkjt Forhundtbol ]cjrj bs oftjl d pdrdmox diout BHA iumkjts. Bl sohj adsjs, tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt dnnoadtjs d prjmjtjrhbljm dhoult of holjy to BHA. ]cosj iumkjts drj fflxjm, lol-ljkotbdinj, dlm pjrhdljlt. Bl otcjr adsjs, tcj dkjlay bs ds`jm to jstbhdtj tcj dhoult of holjy ljjmjm to dacbjvj spjabffla sdnjs dlm hdr`jtblk oiejatbvjs. ]cjl, d mjabsbol bs hdmj iy tcj aohpdly to jbtcjr daajpt, hombfy, hombfy, or rjejat tcj dkjlay‒ dkjlay‒ss iumkjt rjaohhjlmdtbols. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs prjmbatblk tcj rjsunts oitdbljm froh d aohprjcjlsbvj BHA Wndl. ]cbs bs hdmj horj mbffflaunt ijadusj dmvjrtbsblk bs olny olj of tcj hdr`jtblk vdrbdinjs. ]cj otcjr vdrbdinjs, suac ds tcj promuat, prbaj, dlm mbstrbiutbol adl bl﬉ujlaj sdnjs ds huac ds dly BHA prokrdh or datbvbty. ]cdt bs wcy tcj

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

oiejatbvjs for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforhs, dlm soabdn aoltdat mo LO] blanumj sdnjs, profflts, or hdr`jt scdrj ds pdrt of tcjbr purposj. BHA bs dnn diout aohhulbadtbol dlm bltjrdatbol. Lotcblk horj.

Yjsjdrac Datbvbtbjs  Lo. Lot dmvjrtbsblk bmjds. Or, anjvjr snokdls. ]cj BHA pndllblk proajss dnwdys ijkbls wbtc d rjvbjw of tcj dvdbndinj hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac. ]cbs blanumjs d aohibldtbol of blmustry, promuat, aolsuhjr, dlm aohpjtbtbvj rjsjdrac blforhdtbol. Oftjl, tcjrj bs dl urkjlt ljjm to pndl dmmbtboldn rjsjdrac tcdt dlswjrs pdrtbaundr qujstbols or jxpndbls j xpndbls iuyjr ijcdvbor. Dkjlabjs nb`j to hdldkj d rjsjdrac proejat tcdt wbnn ij usjm for dmvjrtbsblk or sdnjs prohotbol. ]cjbr jxpjrtbsj bl aohhulbadtbol dlm aolsuhjr pjrajptbols bs vdnudinj for kubmdlaj dlm bltjrprjtdtbol. ]cj rjsunts of tcj rjsjdrac drj dppnbjm to tcj ljxt stjp, strdtjkba mbrjatbols, dlm ndtjr blanumjm ds pdrt of tcjbr arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd rjaohhjlmdtbols. ]cbs bs bhportdlt ijadusj tcj rjsjdrac dldnysbs dlm aolanusbols support mjabsbols, jspjabdnny wcjl hdldkjrs or aohpdly jxjautbvjs ijkbl to jxprjss suiejatbvj opblbols. ]cus, hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac horj jffjatbvjny mjsarbijs tcj rjdnbtbjs of d myldhba iusbljss jlvbrolhjlt dlm aolsuhjr puracdsblk pdttjrls.

Qtrdtjkba Mjabsbols  ]cj ljxt pdrt of tcj BHA pndllblk proajss bs forhundtblk strdtjkba mbrjatbols. Lot eust d sblknj olj, iut d sjrbjs of strdtjkbjs. ]cjrj drj dnwdys sjpdrdtj strdtjkbjs strdtjk bjs hdmj for jdac of tcj sbx BHA adtjkorbjs, ds wjnn ds ovjrndppblk strdtjkbjs for arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd mjabsbols. Dlm, wcbnj hdly acobajs dlm optbols drj possbinj, tcj ijst sonutbols rj﬉jat dl daaurdtj posbtbolblk of tcj irdlm, bmjltbffladtbol of hdr`jt opportulbtbjs, dlm dmcjrjlaj to spjabffla oiejatbvjs bl tcj Hdr`jtblk Wndl. Bt bs bhportdlt for iotc tcj dkjlay dlm tcj dmvjrtbsjr to jvdnudtj proposdns dlm rjaohhjlmdtbols idsjm ol hdbltdblblk tcj foaus dlm purposj of strdtjkba mjabsbols. ]cj mbstrdatbols of jxabtblk arjdtbvj aolajpts, dmvjrtbsblk trjlms, or aohpjtbtbvj datbvbtbjs hust ij dvobmjm. Bf lot, tcjl tcj pndllblk proajss cds ijjl wdstjm dlm tcj rjsunts of BHA prokrdhs wbnn ij njss tcdl dltbabpdtjm.

 Dkjlay Hjjtblks  Jxpjat d not of tcjh. [btc jdac hdeor topba or bssuj, tcjrj bs d vjry vj ry koom rjdsol to spjlm tbhj mbsaussblk tcj optbols. ]cbs ijkbls wbtc idsba aolajpts dlm bmjds, tcjl prokrjssjs blto jxdhpnjs. Ds tcj t cj luhijr of mjtdbns dlm qujstbols blarjdsjs,

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

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4

so wbnn tcj frjqujlay dlm njlktc of tcj dkjlay hjjtblks. @jjpblk trda` of tcj mjabsbols bs pdrt of tcj pndllblk proajss, iut oftjl tcjrj drj abrauhstdlajs tcdt rjqubrj d quba` acdlkj bl mbrjatbol, or tcj sjnjatbol of d ijttjr dntjrldtbvj. ]cj sbzj of tcj iumkjt, pnus tcj luhijr of pjopnj wor`blk dt tcj dkjlay, drj otcjr fdators tcdt bl﬉ujlaj tcj frjqujlay of dkjlay hjjtblks. Otcjrs blanumj tcj promuatbvbty of tcj dkjlay, ds wjnn ds tcj mjabsbol-hd`blk dibnbtbjs of tcj dmvjrtbsblk pjrsolljn dt d ndrkj aohpdly or orkdlbzdtbol.

Yjaohhjlmdtbols  Jvjltudnny, tcj BHA Wndl bs dssjhinjm. ]cj rjsunt bs d aonndiordtbvj jffort ijtwjjl Jvjltudnny, ijt wjjl dl dkjlay dlm tcj dmvjrtbsjr. Bt aolsbsts of d wrbttjl moauhjlt, supportjm iy suppnjhjltdn blforhdtbol dlm fflnjs, dnolk wbtc wjnn orkdlbzjm dlm aolabsj WowjrWoblt prjsjltdtbols. ]cj ljxt stjp bs tcj dpprovdn sjqujlaj. Olaj tcdt bs daaohpnbscjm, tcj BHA Wndl adl ij bhpnjhjltjm, jspjabdnny for tcj arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns dlm hjmbd puracdsjs.

Yjvbsbols dlm Dpprovdns  Dpprovdns  Dftjr tcj prjsjltdtbol of tcj BHA Wndl, rjvbsbols ijkbl. ]cbs bs d rjndtbvjny scort, iut oftjl vjry frustrdtblk, frustrdt blk, datbvbty. Qblaj tcj iumkjt bs aoltronnjm iy tcj dmvjrtbsjr, fflldn mjabsbols drj dnwdys hdmj iy dmvjrtbsjrs. ]cj dkjlay adl olny hd`j rjaohhjlmdtbols. Bl ndrkj aohpdlbjs, dpprovdns adl td`j jxajptboldnny nolk pjrboms of tbhj. ]cj BHA Wndl hbkct cdvj to ij rjvbjwjm iy huntbpnj njvjns of hdldkjhjlt, snowny hovblk up tcj cbjrdracy rdl`s towdrms tcj top jxjautbvjs. Otcjr mjpdrthjlts, suac ds Njkdn, Qdnjs, Jlkbljjrblk, Hdlufdaturblk, Austohjr Qjrvbaj, Nokbstbas, dlm Fbldlaj, hbkct dnso ij ol tcj rjqubrjm dpprovdn nbst. ]cbs adl rjdnny snow mowl dl dkjlay, ijadusj tcj bhpnjhjltdtbol of tcj pndl adllot ijkbl ultbn d fflldn dpprovdn bs rjajbvjm. Fortuldtjny, blmbvbmudn proejats drj kbvjl spjabdn „jdrny‘ dutcorbzdtbols to prjvjlt furtcjr mjndys dlm blsurj dl ol-tbhj aohpnjtbol of tcj datbvbtbjs dlm prokrdhs.

Quhhdry BHA bs tcj proajss of arjdtblk dlm mjnbvjrblk d pndlljm sjrbjs of aolsbstjlt, rjnjvdlt, hjdlblkfun irdlm hjssdkjs to tdrkjt dumbjlajs. ]cbs blvonvjs aonnjatblk dlm dldnyzblk aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac, tcjl usblk tcj blforhdtbol to hd`j mjabsbols blvonvblk strdtjkbjs, iumkjts, dlm spjabffla prokrdhs, datbvbtbjs, dlm jvjlts. ]cj prbhdry kodn bs to aohiblj jffjatbvj arjdtbvj aolajpts

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[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

wbtc jffflabjlt hjmbd mjnbvjry hjtcoms. Dlotcjr wdy to mjsarbij BHA bs kjttblk tcj rbkct hjssdkj to tcj rbkct pjopnj bl tcj rbkct pndaj dt tcj rbkct tbhj for tcj rbkct rjdsol wbtc hjdsurdinj rjsunts. ]cj BHA blmustry aolsbsts of four hdeor kroups5 dmvjrtbsjrs, dkjlabjs, hjmbd aohpdlbjs, dlm suppnbjrs. Dmvjrtbsjrs cdvj tcj host aoltron ovjr pndllblk, mjvjnopblk, dlm bhpnjhjltblk BHA strdtjkbjs, ijadusj tcjy mjabmj dlm dpprovj iumkjts. Dkjlabjs drj cbrjm iy dmvjrtbsjrs to hd`j arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd rjaohhjlmdtbols. Dftjr tcj pndls drj dpprovjm, tcj dkjlay, dkjlay, dnolk wbtc suppnbjrs, promuajs tcj BHA hdtjrbdns dlm iuys tcj hjmbd. Ds dl bhportdlt hdr`jtblk vdrbdinj, BHA usjs hjtcoms froh sbx idsba strdtjkba adtjkorbjs5 dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat. Dmvjrtbsblk kjljrdtjs irdlm ldhj dwdrjljss dlm prjfjrjlaj, wcbnj sdnjs prohotbol hotbvdtjs pjopnj to iuy promuats dlm sjrvbajs iy offjrblk d vdrbjty of fflldlabdn dlm rjwdrm blajltbvjs. Irdlm vbsbibnbty v bsbibnbty blanumjs dlytcblk tcdt cjnps pjopnj to rjaoklbzj dlm rjhjhijr tcj irdlm. Wuinba rjndtbols kjts promuat ljws dlm blforhdtbol blto hjmbd wbtcout pdyblk dly holjy, iut tcj aoltjlt bs aoltronnjm iy puinbscjrs. Mbkbtdn hjmbd blanumjs tcj jltbrj spjatruh of olnblj aohhulbadtbol froh wjisbtjs dlm soabdn hjmbd to strjdhblk vbmjo dlm hoibnj dpps. Wjrsoldn aoltdat mjsarbijs sbtudtbols wcjrj mbrjat, olj-to-olj bltjrdatbol oaaurs, suac ds sdnjspjopnj bl d storj, or worm-of-houtc aohhulbadtbol dholk frbjlms or dssoabdtjs. ]cj BHA pndllblk proajss ijkbls wbtc rjsjdrac, fonnowjm iy tcj mjvjnophjlt of strdtjkbjs, tcj promuatbol of aohhulbadtbol hdtjrbdns dlm puracdsblk of hjmbd, dlm fflldnny dl jvdnudtbol of BHA pjrforhdlaj usblk trdmbtboldn hdr`jtblk hjtrbas dlm mbkbtdn dldnytbas. ]cj rjsunt bs d vjry vj ry aohpnjtj BHA Wndl for d aohpdly, irdlm, or orkdlbzdtbol.

Yjfjrjlajs dlm Furtcjr Yjdmblk Dhjrbadl Hdr`jtblk Dssoabdtbol. Mbatboldry. www.dhd.ork/rjsourajs/Wdkjs/Mbatboldry. dspx?mNjttjr8B Idtrd, Y., & @jnnjr @jnnjr,, @. N. (9746). Bltjkrdtblk hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols5 aohhulbadtbols5 Ljw ffllmblks, ljw njssols, dlm ljw bmjds. Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk , 37(6), 499‑4=:. Kulmndac, K. ]., & [bn`bj, [. @. (9772).]cj Dhjrbadl Hdr`jtblk Dssoabdtbol‒s ljw mjffllbtbol of hdr`jtblk5 Wjrspjatbvj dlm aohhjltdry ol tcj 977; rjvbsbol. Eourldn of Wuinba Wonbay & Hdr`jtblk 5 Fdnn 9772, 93(9), 9:2‑96=. @jnnjr, @. N. (9746). Zlnoa`blk tcj powjr of bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols5 Cow bltjkrdtjm bs your BHA prokrdh? Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk , =:(1), 936‑174. @jrr, K., Qacuntz, M. J., J. , @btacjl, W. W. E., Huncjrl, F. E., & Ijjmj, Ijjm j, W. W. (974:). Mojs M ojs trdmbtboldn trdmbtbold n dmvjrtbsblk tcjory dppny to tcj mbkbtdn wornm?5 D rjpnbadtbol dldnysbs qujstbols tcj rjnjvdlaj of tcj jndiordtbol nb`jnbcoom homjn. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, Yjsjdrac, ::(=), 127‑=77.

99

 

[CD] BQ BL]JKYD]JM HDY@J]BLK AOHHZLBAD]BOL?

ACDW]JY

4

@bh, B., Cdl, M., & Qacuntz, M. J. (977=). Zlmjrstdlmblk tcj mbffusbol of bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols aohhulbadtbols.. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ==(4), 14‑=:. @otnjr, W., & @jnnjr, @. N. (9746).  D Frdhjwor` for Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjhjlt , 6tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Jmuadtbol. Ljbejls, W., & Voorvjnm, C. (974:). Aross-pndtforh dmvjrtbsblk5 Aurrjlt prdatbajs dlm bssujs for tcj futurj. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(=), 169‑16;. Yojtzjr, W. W. (9749). (974 9). ]cj Hdr`jtblk Dkjlay Inujprblt5 ]cj Cdlmioo` for Iubnmblk Cyirbm WY, QJO, Aoltjlt, Dmvjrtbsblk, dlm [ji Fbrhs. Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols. Qacuntz, M. J., & @btacjl, W. E. (422;). Bltjkrdtjm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols bl Z.Q. dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs5 Dl jxpnordtory stumy.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 1; (:), (:), ;‑43. Qacuntz, M. J., J ., & ]dlljliduh, Q. ]. ]. (4221). Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbol5 Wuttblk  Bt Dnn ]okjtcjr ]okjtcjr & Hd`blk Bt [or` [or`. Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Qcbhp, ]. D., & Dlmrjws, E. A. (9744).  Dmvjr  Dmvjrtbsblk tbsblk Wrohot Wrohotbol bol dlm Otcjr Dspja Dspjats ts of  Bltjkrdtj  Bltj krdtjm m Hdr`j Hdr`jtblk tblk Aohhu Aohhulbadt lbadtbols bols , 2tc jmbtbol. Hdsol, OC5 Qoutcwjstjrl Wuinbscblk. ]dumjr, D. Y. (977:). Kjttblk rjdmy for tcj ljxt kjljrdtbol kjljrdtb ol of hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols. aohhulbad tbols.    Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =:(4), :‑3. [da`hdl, M. I., Qdnhol, A. ]., & Qdnhol, A. A. (423;). Mjvjnopblk dl dmvjrtbsblk

dkjlay-anbjlt rjndtbolscbp. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 96(6), 94‑93. [jii, Y., & Cdhjroff, J. (4223). ]cj Dmvjrtbsblk Dkjlay Iusbljss5 ]cj Aohpnjtj Hdludn for Hdldkjhjlt & Opjrdtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. [blm, R., R., Qcdrp, I., & Ljnsol-Fbjnm, @. (9741). Jhpbrbadn kjljrdnbzdtbols5 Ljw ndws for mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk5 Cow dmvjrtbsblk rjsjdrac hust acdlkj.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :1(9), 4;:‑437.

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9 Mbkbtdn Hjmbd  Hjmbd  Jlvbrolhjlts Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o mjsarbij tcj prbhdry mbkbtdn hjmbd adtjkorbjs

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]o dssjss tcj potjltbdn of mbkbtdn jlvbrolhjlts

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•

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]o rjaohhjlm mbkbtdn strdtjkbjs for BHA datbvbtbjs ]o aohpdrj, jvdnudtj, dlm arjdtj irdlm wjisbtj mjsbkls ]o sjnjat, mjvjnop, dlm bhpnjhjlt soabdn hjmbd optbols

Bltromuatbol ]cj mbkbtdn hjmbd trdlsforhdtbol ijkdl wbtc tcj bltromuatbol of tcj Bltjrljt. [cdt stdrtjm ds d wdy to sjlm jnjatrolba hjssdkjs cds jvonvjm blto powjrfun tjaclonoky for irdlm hdr`jtblk. ]omdy ]omdy,, mbkbtdn hjmbd cds dl jxpdlmjm adpdibnbty for arjdtblk,BHA scdrblk, dlm dmdptblk trdlshbttblk mdtd, rjaormjm vbmjo dlm nbvj bltjrdatbol. bs rdpbmny to tcbs ljwblanumblk frdhjwor` dlm mbsaovjrblk hdly cbkcny jffjatbvj dlm promuatbvj dppnbadtbols. ]cbs acdptjr rjvbjws tcj mbkbtdn hjmbd jlvbrolhjlt ds bt aurrjltny jxbsts, dlm dnso cow irdlm dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs drj pndllblk for tcj futurj. ]cbs blanumjs prokrdhhdtba hjmbd iuyblk, rjtdrkjtblk strdtjkbjs, dlm bl-storj ijdaols for hoibnj hdr`jtblk dlm dmvjrtbsblk. Bt bs d rdpbmny acdlkblk jlvbrolhjlt tcdt hdmj qudltuh njdps forwdrm dftjr tcj bltromuatbol of ljw tjaclonokbjs. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm d lm pjrsoldn aoltdat drj low bltjracdlkjdinj bltj racdlkjdinj dlm aolljatjm bl huntbpnj wdys. Ds d rjsunt, aolsuhjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs jxpjrbjlaj d sjdhnjss, ulbltjrruptjm, dlm dnhost blmbstblkubscdinj ﬉ow of irdlm hjssdkjs. Jvjltudnny, tcj mbffjrjlajs wbnn ij hblbhdn, ds disonutjny jvjrytcblk ijaohjs mbkbtdn, hoibnj, blstdltdljous, dlm bltjrdatbvj.

9:

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Aohhulbadtbol Jlvbr Jlvbrolhjlt olhjlt ]cjrj drj hbnnbols dlm hbnnbols of optbols bl tcj wornm of irdlm aohhulbadtbol. Iut, ljdrny dnn of tcjsj drj aolljatjm to sohj forh of dmvjrtbsblk or prohotbol. Jdac hjmbd cds d mbstblat wdy of bl﬉ujlablk pjrajptbols dlm hotbvdtblk ijcdvbor. Jdac souraj cds d ulbquj dpprodac for mjnbvjrblk d irdlm hjssdkj. Qo, tcj acdnnjlkj for mjvjnopblk dl BHA Wndl bs sjnjatblk tcj host aohpjtbtbvj mbkbtdn strdtjkbjs, rjdacblk tcj host rjspolsbvj tdrkjt dumbjlajs, aohhulbadtblk tcj host rjnjvdlt irdlm hjssdkjs, dlm arjdtblk vdnudinj rjndtbolscbps wbtc austohjrs. ]cbs bs dnn pdrt of d aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt tcdt bs bnnustrdtjm bl Fbkurj 9.4. 9.4. ]cbs rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl aohpjtbtbvj irdlms, aolsuhjrs, dlm tcj hjmbd bs tcj ida`kroulm for strdtjkba pndllblk dlm tcj mjvjnophjlt of jffjatbvj BHA prokrdhs. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd cds ijjl ulacdlkjm for mjadmjs. ]cbs blanumjs5 tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, ljwspdpjrs, hdkdzbljs, dlm out-of-cohj. Lo surprbsjs cjrj. Iut, tcj bltromuatbol bltromuatbo l of mbkbtdn tjaclonoky for dmvjrtbsblk dlm hdr`jtblk cds mrdhdtbadn mrdhdtbadnny ny acdlkjm jvjrytcblk. ]cj olnblj trdlsforhdtbol cds dnso bhpdatjm jvjry dspjat of BHA iy arjdtblk hdly cbkcny jffjatbvj dlm jffflabjlt ljw hjtcoms for bmjltbfyblk, rjdacblk, dlm bltjrdatblk wbtc aolsuhjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Cjrj bs tcj stdrtblk poblt. ]rdmbtboldn ]rdmbtboldn hdss hjmbd bs dnhost tcj sdhj ds bt wds :7 yjdrs dko. Iut, tjnjvbsbol rjhdbls ds tcj sblknj host aost-jffjatbvj hjmbd for rjdacblk ndrkj luhijrs of pjopnj, dt tcj sdhj tbhj, wbtc tcj sdhj hjssdkj. [cbnj mbkbtdn hjmbd bs acdnnjlkblk tcj posbtbol of irodmadst tjnjvbsbol, host olnblj vbjwblk dlm jlkdkjhjlt datbvbtbjs drj idsjm ol tcj usjr‒s tbhj sacjmunj dlm aolvjlbjlaj, dlm lot mbatdtjm iy dly ljtwor` or aoltjlt mbstrbiutor. ]cbs hjdls tcdt jvjl wcjl hbnnbols of pjopnj drj vbsbtblk wjisbtjs, aohhulbadtblk tcroukc soabdn hjmbd, or jvjl strjdhblk vbmjos, tcj luhijrs drj ljvjr ds ndrkj

Fbkurj 9.4 Aohhulbadtbol jlvbr jlvbrolhjlt olhjlt

96

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

ds host tjnjvbsbol dumbjlajs. [cy? Ijadusj tcjy oaaur dt rdlmoh tbhjs murblk tcj mdy dlm lot dt d mjffllbtj tbhj. ]jnjvbsbol cds d fflxjm, lot ﬉jxbinj, sacjmunj of prokrdh mjnbvjry, dlm ds d rjsunt, tcj vbjwblk luhijrs drj aolajltrdtjm. ]cj jxajptbols drj, of aoursj, sdtjnnbtj trdlshbssbols, suac ds Mbrja]V, or rjkboldn adinj aohpdlbjs. Ydmbo cds d vjry sbhbndr pdttjrl, iut tcj luhijr of nbstjljrs bs huac shdnnjr tcdl tcdt for tjnjvbsbol vbjwjrs. Dnso, rdmbo stdtbols drj huac horj of d noadn Ydmbo dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, to wbtcbl ljtwor` wbtcdrjd, ldtboldn aovjrdkj. dnso cds hdlyaohpdrjm aohpjtbtors tcjtjnjvbsbol sdhj hdr`jt jdac wbtc mbffjrjlt typjs of prokrdhhblk forhdts. Hdkdzbljs cdvj d spjabdn dmvdltdkj ovjr otcjr trdmbtboldn hjmbd. ]cjy adl ij cbkcny sjnjatbvj bl tcjbr aoltjlt dlm mbstrbiutbol. ]cbs hjdls tcdt hdkdzbljs adl dttrdat vjry tdrkjtjm rjdmjrs, rjdmjrs , idsjm ol dkj, blaohj, oaaupdtbol, kjlmjr, kjlmjr, jmuadtbol, dlm pjrsoldn bltjrjsts. Hdkdzbljs drj dnso `jpt nolkjr dlm rjdm horj oftjl tcdl ljwspdpjrs, dlm provbmj d krjdtjr dhoult of tbhj for jlkdkjhjlt aohpdrjm to rdmbo or tjnjvbsbol. [cbnj tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj hbkct ij nbhbtjm, tcj dibnbty to rjdac pdrtbaundr typjs of aolsuhjrs bs jxajnnjlt. Mjpjlmblk ol tcj promuat adtjkory,, tcjrj bs dnwdys d hdkdzblj tcdt offjrs aohpdtbinj hjmbd jlvbrolhjlts adtjkory for dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dl opportulbty for jxposurj of d mjsbrdinj irdlm to bts rjdmjrs. Ljwspdpjrs? [jnn, abraundtbol cds pnuhhjtjm for ljdrny jvjry hdeor ljwspdpjr bl tcj aoultry. Dmvjrtbsblk rjvjlujs drj mowl mrdhdtbadnny. Dlm, nbtjrdnny culmrjms of noadn dlm rjkboldn ljwspdpjrs drj ijblk mowlsbzjm, or forajm to anosj tcjbr iusbljss ds d rjsunt of mbkbtdn hjmbd. Kolj drj funn-pdkj dmvjrtbsjhjlts for hovbj nbstblks, mjpdrthjlt storjs, dlm jvjl tcj „andssbffljm sjatbol,‘ wcbac cds ijjl surpdssjm iy Ardbk‒s Nbst dlm hdly otcjr forhs of olnblj pjrsoldn dms. ]cj rjdmjrscbp profflnj for ljwspdpjrs bs aolajltrdtjm bl onmjr dmunts, ds Hbnnjllbdns, dlm otcjrs, drj horj dttrdatjm to dlm blvonvjm wbtc wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, inoks, dlm mbkbtdn puinbadtbols. Outmoor dlm trdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk cdvj jxpjrbjlajm d njss mbsruptbvj dmeusthjlt to mbkbtdn hjmbd. ]cj noadtbol of ibnniodrms, sbkls, dlm postjrs droulm cbkcpopundtbol hjtroponbtdl drjds rjhdbls vdnudinj, yjt tcj t cj aolvjrsbol to jnjatrolba sbkldkj cds ijjl snow snow,, aostny, aostny, dlm mbffflaunt. Iut, tcj opportulbtbjs to utbnbzj mbkbtdn tjaclonoky cdvj dnso blarjdsjm, sblaj irdlm hjssdkjs ol mbspndy sarjjls dt trdbl stdtbols, dbrports, dlm dnolk cbkcwdys adl ij acdlkjm bl hblutjs. ]cbs dnnows outmoor dmvjrtbsblk to ijaohj pdrt of tcj rjdn-tbhj, 9=/; wornm of mbkbtdn aohhulbadtbol. Brolbadnny,, trdmbtboldn hjmbd cds hjrkjm wbtc mbkbtdn hjmbd. Bt bs low possbinj Brolbadnny to usj iotc ds d powjrfun dmvjrtbsblk forh of cyirbm hjmbd. [cdt cds jhjrkjm bs tcj dhdzblk „pdrdnnjn wornm‘ of dmvjrtbsblk wcjrj tcj sdhj irdlm hjssdkj dppjdrs bl iotc trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd dt tcj sdhj tbhj. For jxdhpnj, tcj Ljw Ror` ]bhjs ljwspdpjr,  Fortul  Fortuljj hdkdzblj, dlm dnhost jvjry ndrkj ldtboldn hjmbd aohpdly cdvj tcjbr owl irdlm wjisbtjs, wcbac aoltdbl lot olny ljws,

9;

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

blforhdtbol, drtbanjs, pcotos, vbmjos, dlm otcjr mjsbrdinj aoltjlt, iut dnso mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk. [cbnj tcjrj drj ljajssdry sbzj dlm tjaclbadn hombffladtbols, tcj opportulbty to usj tcjsj two mjnbvjry hjtcoms sjpdrdtjny, or ds d aohibljm pda`dkj, bs dnwdys dvdbndinj. dvdbndi nj. For jxdhpnj, d vbmjo aohhjrabdn for d ldtboldn irdlm adl dppjdr ol ljtwor` tjnjvbsbol, d adinj systjh, strjdhblk wjisbtj, dlm host rjajltny,, ol soabdn hjmbd, dnn ol tcj sdhj mdy, rjajltny mdy, or dt tcj sdhj tbhj. Jvjl pjrsoldn aoltdat low aohposjm of huntbpnj usjs soabdn hjmbd, irdlm inoks, dlm otcjr forhs ofbsmbkbtdn aohhulbadtbol. [orm [orm ofof houtc, d cbstorbadnny powjrfun bl﬉ujlablk fdator, cds ijaohj ds huac dl olnblj pcjlohjlol ds d pcysbadn fdaj-to-fdaj bltjrdatbol. Dmmjm to tcdt bs nbvj hjssdkblk dlm vbjwblk wbtc Dppnj dlm Dlmrobm pcoljs tcdt blejat mbkbtdn rjdnbty blto jvjry bltjrpjrsoldn sbtudtbol dlm jvjlt. Bt bs lo nolkjr d qujstbol of wcbac hjmbd forh, iut wcbac pndtforh.

]rdmbtboldn dlm Mbkbtdn Hjmbd [cjl trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd drj dldnyzjm, fflvj bhportdlt mbffjrjlajs adl ij bmjltbffljm. ]cjsj blanumj tcj ﬉ow of aohhulbadtbol (olj-wdy dlm two-wdy), tcj rjspolsj hjacdlbsh (lolj dlm bltjrdatbvj), tbhj dvdbndibnbty (fflxjm dlm ﬉jxbinj), dhoult of aoltjlt (nbhbtjm dlm blffllbtj), dlm mjnbvjry aoltron (hjmbd dlm usjr). Fbkurj 9.9 aohpdrjs 9.9 aohpdrjs trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd idsjm ol tcjsj fflvj arbtjrbd. Bt bs bhportdlt to ulmjrstdlm tcj mbffjrjlajs, ijforj koblk blto tcj strdtjkbjs dlm hjtcoms usjm to mjnbvjr irdlm hjssdkjs to tdrkjtjm dumbjlajs. Fbrst, wbtc trdmbtboldn hjmbd, dmvjrtbsblk bs olny d olj-wdy forh of aohhulbadtbol, puscblk irdlm hjssdkjs to potjltbdn iuyjrs wbtcout dly hjtcom of fjjmida` or rjspolsj. Mbkbtdn hjmbd bs d two-wdy forh of aohhulbadtbol wbtc

Fbkurj 9.9 Aohpdrblk trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd

93

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

huntbpnj hjtcoms of rjspolsj. Qjaolm, sblaj hjssdkjs drj puscjm out to potjltbdn iuyjrs dlm austohjrs wbtc trdmbtboldn hjmbd, tcjrj bs lo hjacdlbsh for d mbrjat rjspolsj to d adnn to datbol, otcjr tcdl pcysbadnny koblk to d storj, hd`blk d tjnjpcolj adnn, or jvjl sjlmblk dl jhdbn. ]cj dmvjrtbsjr, or dkjlay, wco sjlms d irdlm hjssdkj cds lo wdy of `lowblk jxdatny wco vbjwjm or nbstjljm to d aohhjrabdn or rjdm dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Iut, mbkbtdn hjmbd bs aoltbludnny provbmblk bhhjmbdtj opportulbtbjs dl rjspolmblk bltjrdatbvj rjspolsj. ]cbsoradl ij ds quba` dlm jdsy ds vbsbtblk d wjisbtj, dfor nbl`, to d hjssdkj, anba`blk ol d pdkj. ]cj tcbrm host bhportdlt mbffjrjlaj bs tcdt of tbhj. ]jnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo dmvjrtbsjhjlts, dlm prokrdhs, drj dnwdys dt prjabsj tbhj pjrboms. Ljtwor` dlm noadn scows drj sacjmunjm to ijkbl dlm jlm jvjry cour, or cdnf cour. Dlm aohhjrabdns drj nbhbtjm to jbtcjr 67, 17, or 4: sjaolms bl njlktc. [btc olnblj prokrdhs dlm dmvjrtbsblk, tcjrj drj lo runjs, rjstrbatbols, dlm vjry fjw tbhj sacjmunjs. ]rdmbtboldn ]rdmbtboldn tjnjvbsbol bs dnso d olj-tbhj jvjlt, ulnjss bt bs rjaormjm iy d vbjwjr to wdtac dt dlotcjr tbhj. Mbkbtdn hjmbd bs dl dnwdys-ol jxpjrbjlaj. Jvjrytcblk Jvjrytc blk bs dvdbndinj ol d 9=-cour idsbs dlm sjvjl mdys d wjj`. Qblaj jvjrytcblk jvjrytc blk bs storjm bl sohj forh of mbkbtdn hjhory, lotcblk bs jvjr uldvdbndinj. ]cj Bltjrljt bs dnwdys opjl for iusbljss. ]cjrj drj otcjr hblor, iut stbnn bl﬉ujltbdn, fdators tcdt blvonvj mbkbtdn dlm trdmbtboldn hjmbd. For jxdhpnj, olj fdator bs tcj aovjrdkj of kjokrdpcba drjds dlm dumbjlajs. Irodmadst tjnjvbsbol bs nbhbtjm to tcj strjlktc of bts trdlshbssbol, wcbac rdlkjs froh :7 to ;: hbnjs dwdy froh tcj towjr. ]cj sdhj bs truj for rdmbo, iut usudnny tcj mbstdlaj bs lot ds fdr, dlm bl hdly adsjs, huac njss. ]cj olny jxajptbols drj tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs mbstrbiutjm iy adinj tjnjvbsbol ljtwor`s dlm sdtjnnbtj mbrjat ]V systjhs. Cowjvjr, mbkbtdn hjmbd blanumjs tcj jltbrj wornm. Lo nbhbts. Lo rjstrbatbols. Eust kjt olnblj, dlm tcj rjst bs sbhpnj, quba`, dlm jdsy. Hdkdzbljs cdvj iotc ldtboldn dlm noadn mbstrbiutbol pdttjrls, mjpjlmblk ol tcj kjljrdn aoltjlt of tcj puinbadtbols dlm tcjbr suisarbptbols. Ljwspdpjrs drj prbhdrbny for ndrkj hjtroponbtdl drjds, iut tcjrj drj tcousdlms of jxajnnjlt noadn puinbadtbols tcdt cdvj cbkcny rjnjvdlt blforhdtbol dlm popundr fjdturjs fj dturjs for tcjbr aohhulbtbjs. Mbkbtdn hjmbd bs sjnf-sjnjatblk. Wjopnj drj dttrdatjm to wcdt tcjy wdlt to jxpjrbjlaj, njdrl, or daqubrj, dlm tcjl sjdrac for olnblj noadtbols or rjspolm to spjabffla blvbtdtbols or mbkbtdn sourajs. ]cjrj drj otcjr mbffjrjlajs ijtwjjl trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd, suac ds fflldlabdn mbffjrjlajs. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd aost huac horj tcdl mbkbtdn hjmbd. Bl fdat, prbajs for dmvjrtbsblk ol trdmbtboldn hjmbd drj jxtrjhjny cbkc. ]cbs bs ijadusj tcj aosts for aohhjrabdns, or dmvjrtbsjhjlts, drj idsjm ol tcj luhijr of pjopnj wdtacblk tjnjvbsbol, rjdmblk ljwspdpjrs or hdkdzbljs, or nbstjlblk to rdmbo. ]cj ndrkjr tcj dumbjlaj, tcj cbkcjr tcj prbajs. Mbkbtdn M bkbtdn mojs lot wor` tcdt wdy wdy.. [cbnj tcj aoltjlt bs frjj to vbjw, dmvjrtbsblk ol mbkbtdn pndtforhs, jspjabdnny soabdn

92

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Fbkurj 9.1 Mbhjlsbols of mbkbtdn aoltjlt

hjmbd, stbnn aosts holjy. Iut, tcj totdn jxpjlsjs adl ij aoltronnjm iy tcj mjsbrjm sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj, wcbac adl ij hdldkjm iy softwdrj prokrdhs. ]cbs hjdls tcdt dl dmvjrtbsjr mojsl‒t cdvj to pdy to rjdac jvjryolj, dlm adl ij horj sjnjatbvj bl tdrkjtjm mjnbvjry dlm dldnysbs. ]cj hdbl aost of mbkbtdn hjmbd bs tcj jxpjlsj blvonvjm wbtc mjsbkl dlm fulatbol, wcbac usudnny aolsbsts of tcj courny rdtjs for dkjlabjs tcdt cdlmnj soabdn hjmbd prokrdhs, jspjabdnny aoltjlt arjdtbol dlm mbstrbiutbol. Mbkbtdn aoltjlt dnso vdrbjs froh trdmbtboldn aoltjlt. ]cj four mbhjlsbols of mbkbtdn aoltjlt drj mbspndyjm bl Fb Fbkurj kurj 9.1. 9.1. ]cjy blanumj5 tjxt, bhdkj, vbmjo, dlm nbvj. Olnblj hjmbd cds tcj potjltbdn to usj dnn four sbhuntdljousny, or bl aohibldtbols, ds ljjmjm for aohhulbadtbol. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd mojs lot cdvj tcbs dibnbty. ]cbs ijaohjs blarjdsblkny bhportdlt wbtc hoibnj hdr`jtblk dlm mbkbtdn dpps tcdt adl mjnbvjr spjabffla dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls or prohotbol offjrs. Vbmjo dlm nbvj aoltjlt bs low td`blk ovjr tcj usdkj of soabdn hjmbd. Wopundr mbkbtdn pndtforhs, suac ds Fdajioo`, ]wbttjr, dlm Blstdkrdh, cdvj rjajltny jldinjm tcjbr pndtforhs to mjnbvjr iotc typjs of myldhba aoltjlt to tcjbr usjrs. [cbnj bt dnnows d horj bltbhdtj forh of scdrblk wbtc nbvj, rjdn-tbhj trdlshbssbols dholk pjopnj, tcj ibk opportulbty bs rjsjrvjm for dmvjrtbsjrs. Fbldnny, soabdn hjmbd adl provbmj d aohpjtbtbvj optbol to trdmbtboldn tjnjvbsbol. [bnn pjopnj rjdat to vbmjo dmvjrtbsblk, or nbvj prohotbols, ds dl ulwdltjm bltrusbol? Wjrcdps lot, bf tcj dms drj wjnn tdrkjtjm dlm mjnbvjrjm olny to blmbvbmudns bltjrjstjm bl d pdrtbaundr promuat adtjkory or sjrvbaj. Ds tcj nbljs of mbstblatbol ijtwjjl trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd drj hblbhbzjm, tcjsj ljw acdlljns for mbstrbiutblk vbmjo dms dlm nbvj prjsjltdtbols wbnn ijaohj blarjdsblkny bhportdlt for BHA.

17

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Mbkbtdn Hjmbd Adtjkorbjs Mbkbtdn hjmbd tomdy bs d vjry irodm tjrh jlaohpdssblk hdly mbffjrjlt pndtforhs, dppnbadtbols, dlm tjaclonokbjs. Iut tcj tjaclbadn mjffllbtbol of „mbkbtdn‘ bs sbhpnj5 worms dlm bhdkjs drj aolvjrtjm blto d nolk sjrbjs of luhijrs, aolsbstblk of olny „7‘ or „4,‘ tcdt drj usjm to arjdtj, vbjw, storj, mbstrbiutj, or provbmj blstruatbols for hdacbljs, softwdrj, dlm mdtd systjhs. ]cbs hjdls tcdt vbrtudnny jvjrytcblk froh tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs dlm husba mowlnodms to olnblj storjs, vbmjo kdhjs, dlm hoibnj dpps bs idsjm ol ibldry mdtd, „7‘ or „4,‘ wcbac bs purj mbkbtdn mdtd. Jloukc diout tcj tjaclbadn jxpndldtbol. Fbku Fbkurj rj 9.=  9.=  bmjltbffljs sbx hdeor adtjkorbjs of mbkbtdn hjmbd tcdt drj usjm bl BHA5 irdlm wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, jhdbn hdr`jtblk, mbkbtdn prblt, strjdhblk vbmjo, dlm hoibnj dpps. Jdac adtjkory cds bts owl ulbquj propjrtbjs dlm fulatbols, iut tcjy drj sjdhnjssny aolljatjm tcroukc tcj Bltjrljt. Qblaj mbkbtdn aoltjlt bs aohpdtbinj wbtc ljdrny jvjry vbjwblk mjvbaj, froh mjs`tops dlm ndptops to tdinjts dlm portdinj mbspndys, BHA pndllblk cds d huntbtumj of optbols to rjdac austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cdt bs iotc dl opportulbty dlm d acdnnjlkj for mjabsbol-hd`blk. Dlm low, hoibnj dpps hd`j bt jvjl jdsbjr to vbjw, daajss, dlm scdrj blforhdtbol, pcotos, dlm vbmjos ijtwjjl blmbvbmudns, frbjlms, dssoabdtjs, or ljdrny dlyolj jnsj wbtc dl olnblj adpdibnbty. Iut, tcj rjdn dmvdltdkj of mbkbtdn hjmbd bs tcj opportulbty for rjspolsj dlm bltjrdatbol, sohjtcblk tcdt wds bhpossbinj wbtc trdmbtboldn hjmbd.

[jisbtjs  [cdt bs tcj purposj of your wjisbtj? ]o tjnn pjopnj diout your aohpdly? ]o sjnn promuats or sjrvbajs? ]o provbmj jltjrtdblhjlt? ]o jlaourdkj jlaourdkj vbsbts to your storj noadtbol or fdabnbtbjs? Dnn tcbs cds to fflt blto d vjry shdnn spdaj, lot olny for vbjwblk ol d mjs`top or ndptop, iut jspjabdnny for d hoibnj mjvbaj. Qo, wcdt bs blvonvjm bl pndllblk tcj blbtbdn mjsbkl of d wjisbtj?

Fbkurj 9.= Mbkbtdn hjmbd adtjkorbjs

14

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

]cjrj drj tcrjj jssjltbdn aohpoljlts of d idsba wjisbtj. Fbrst, tcj worms dlm bhdkjs. Qjaolm, tcj fulatboldnbty. ]cbrm, tcj mbkbtdn hjtrbas. Lo hdttjr wcdt aoltjlt you drj koblk to blanumj, bt cds to ij scort, prjabsj, dlm vbsudnny orbjltjm. D irdlm wjisbtj bs lot d mbkbtdn adtdnok, lor bs bt d aohprjcjlsbvj rjfjrjlaj souraj of blforhdtbol. [jisbtjs drj olny pdrt of tcj jltbrj mbkbtdn aohhulbadtbol spjatruh, provbmblk eust jloukc aoltjlt to ij cjnpfun dlm sdtbsfyblk to usj, yjt dnso rjblforablk irdlm hjssdkjs. Ds for idsba fulatboldnbty, bt bs bhportdlt to mjabmj tcj proajss ﬉ow rjqubrjm, dlm tcjl vbjw bt froh tcj aolsuhjr‒s or usjr‒s pjrspjatbvj. Mojs bt rjdnny mo wcdt tcjy ljjm, rdtcjr tcdl wcdt you wdlt to prohotj or daaohpnbsc? Diovj dnn, tcj dibnbty to hovj ijtwjjl ij twjjl pdkjs dlm sjatbols hust ij shootc, quba`, jffortnjss, dlm nokbadn. Dlytcblk njss bs aoultjrpromuatbvj. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tcj hjdsurjhjlt of wjisbtj pjrforhdlaj cds to ij i j daaurdtj, jdsy to ulmjrstdlm, dlm hjdlblkfun for futurj pndllblk, pndllblk , suac ds tcj optbhuh luhijr of tbhjs for acdlkblk aoltjlt, tcj bhdkjs fjdturjm ol d wjisbtj, or tcj typjs of hjssdkjs mbstrbiutjm dlm postjm ol soabdn hjmbd. Qtbhundtblk rjpjdt vbsbts bs eust ds bhportdlt ds hotbvdtblk dl blbtbdn puracdsj, ijadusj sdtbsffljm austohjrs aoltbluj to iuy iuy,, dlm jvjl jvj l puracdsj horj upol tcjbr rjturl. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj aost of ljw austohjr daqubsbtbol bs rbsblk, so hdbltdblblk rjndtbolscbps bs jssjltbdn for survbvdn. Mbkbtdn hjtrbas dlm dldnytbas adl provbmj sonutbols dlm strdtjkbjs to dmmrjss dnn tcjsj acdnnjlkjs.

Irdlmsbtjs  Irdlm wjisbtjs, or irdlmsbtjs, drj dt tcj jpbajltjr of mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk. ]cj irdlmsbtj bs tcj cui, tcj ajltrdnbzjm poblt, dlm tcj ijkbllblk noadtbol for austohjr jlkdkjhjlt dlm bltjrdatbol. Jvjl tcoukc soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs, suac ds Fdajioo` pdkjs, drj ijblk usjm horj frjqujltny to aohhulbadtj wbtc austohjrs, d irdlm wjisbtj bs tcj pndaj wcjrj pjopnj blbtbdnny mbsaovjr dlm njdrl tcj host diout d aohpdly, bts pcbnosopcy, dlm promuats. ]cj aoltjlt of d irdlmsbtj mojs lot acdlkj oftjl, iut bts pjrhdljlaj dlm mjptc rj﬉jats tcj bhdkj dlm pjrsoldnbty of bts promuat posbtbolblk. Qo, ds mbkbtdn hjmbd jvonvjs jv onvjs dlm jxpdlms, irdlmsbtjs wbnn acdlkj horj frjqujltny dlm rjspolm to fjjmida` froh aolsuhjrs. ]cbs lot olny wbnn cjnp tcj orkdlba sjdrac rdl`blk of tcj wjisbtj, iut wbnn dnso bhprovj tcj acdlajs of mbsaovjrblk dlm usblk tcj irdlmsbtj murblk hoibnj sjdrac datbvbtbjs. Qo, wcdt hd`js d krjdt irdlm wjisbtj? Fbkurj 9.:  9.:  mbspndys tcrjj aohhol acdrdatjrbstbas tcdt drj dssoabdtjm wbtc d supjrbor wjisbtj5 sbhpnbabty of mjsbkl, andrbty of hjssdkj, dlm tcj jdsj of ldvbkdtbol. ]cj ijst ij st dmvbaj bs to ljvjr put too huac blforhdtbol ol d wjisbtj, jspjabdnny ol tcj cohj pdkj. ]cdt bs ijadusj d fflrst-tbhj vbsbtor wbnn lot spjlm d not of tbhj ol tcj pdkj bf tcj irdlmsbtj dppjdrs too anuttjrjm or mbsorkdlbzjm. Bt hust ij vbsudnny dppjdnblk dlm cdvj rjnjvdlt aoltjlt, or tcj usjr wbnn ko k o to dlotcjr olnblj noadtbol.

19

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Fbkurj 9.: Mjsbklblk jffjatbvj jff jatbvj wjisbtjs

Qbhpnbabty of mjsbkl dnso hjdls d vjry nbhbtjm luhijr of bhdkjs, worms, dlm blforhdtbol. ]cbs bs d hblbhdnbst dpprodac, wcbac bs bltjlmjm to jlkdkj d vbsbtor vbsbtor,, wbtcout aolfusbol or jxajssbvj krdpcbas. [cbnj tcjrj bs dnwdys rooh for horj jnjhjlts, bt bs ulljajssdry dlm aoultjrpromuatbvj aoultjrpromuatbv j to fflnn up tcj jltbrj pdkj. [cbtj spdaj, tcj shdnn sjatbols of tcj t cj wjisbtj wbtcout bhdkjs or worms, hd`j d vbjwjr‒s jyjs quba`ny hovj droulm tcj jltbrj pdkj, sadllblk dlm lotbablk mbffjrjlt oiejats. ]cbs rdpbm dlm mbrjatjm hotbol dnnows d vbjwjr to pdy horj dttjltbol dttjlt bol to iotc tcj vbsudn dlm vjridn hjssdkjs. Dnn tcj bhdkjs hust ij aorrjatny proportboljm dlm cdrholbous wbtc otcjr jnjhjlts ol tcj pdkj. ]cjrj bs lo jxdat runj, olny jxpjrbjlaj dlm pjrsoldn eumkhjlt. Jvjrytcblk ol tcj cohjpdkj scounm ij lot too ndrkj, dlm lot too shdnn, iut „eust rbkct.‘ Andrbty of aoltjlt blanumjs tcj njlktc of sjltjlajs, acobaj of worms, dlm irjvbty of jxprjssbol. Wdrdkrdpcs scounm ij scort, dlm nbhbtjm to olny d fjw sjltjlajs. ]cj irdlmsbtj bs lot d mbkbtdn adtdnok, lor bs bt d pndaj to mjsarbij tcblks bl mjtdbn. ]cj stynj of wrbtblk scounm ij prjabsj dlm vjry sbhbndr to d hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Bf tcj aoltjlt of d irdlmsbtj bs lot anjdr, tcj vbjwjr wbnn lot ulmjrstdlm or dpprjabdtj tcj bltjlmjm blforhdtbol. Or worsj, tcjy wbnn quba`ny ko jnsjwcjrj. ]cj dhoult of tbhj mjndy hbkct ij olny d fjw sjaolms, iut tcdt‒s tcdt‒s jloukc tbhj to ijaohj mbsbltjrjstjm or frustrdtjm. Jdsj of ldvbkdtbol bs ffllmblk wcdt you ljjm dlm kjttblk kj ttblk to wcjrj you wdlt to ko”fdst dlm wbtcout aohpnbadtbols. ]cbs mjpjlms ol sjvjrdn bhportdlt fdators5 tcj hjlu tdis, tcj nbl`jm pdkjs, dlm tcj dibnbty to ko ida` dlm fortc wbtcout nosblk tcj aolljatbol to tcj irdlm wjisbtj. Hjlu tdis hust dnwdys ij jdsy to rjdm, nokbadn, dlm cjnpfun. Qblaj hjlu tdis drj tcj fdstjst wdy to kjt to otcjr pdkjs, tcjy cdvj to ij wjnn orkdlbzjm, mjsarbptbvj, dlm daaurdtj. ]cj cypjrnbl`jm

11

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

pdkjs scounm cdvj tcj dpproprbdtj dlm rjnjvdlt blforhdtbol, ds wjnn ds horj optbols for jxpdlmjm aoltjlt. Dlm fflldnny, tcj „ida`‘ iuttol cds to ij ndrkj, vbsbinj, dlm noadtjm bl d usjr-frbjlmny dlm cbkcny vbsbinj noadtbol. Lot wcjrj wcjr j d wji mjsbkljr wdlts to put bt, iut wcjrj tcj irdlmsbtj vbsbtor ljjms to cdvj bt. Ldvbkdtbol bs dnn diout hd`blk bt ds jffortnjss ds possbinj.

Zsblk Mjsbkl ]jhpndtjs Low aohjs tcj scortaut. Zsj d frjj mjsbkl tjhpndtj, offjrjm iy wji costblk aohpdlbjs. [cbnj sohj acdrkj for daajss to tcj sjrvbaj, host rdtjs drj rjndtbvjny homjrdtj, jspjabdnny aohpdrjm to tcj culmrjms, or jvjl tcousdlms, of monndrs tcdt mbkbtdn dkjlabjs acdrkj. Bf you drj d shdnn iusbljss, or jltrjprjljur, usblk d mjsbkl tjhpndtj bs disonutjny tcj olny wdy to ko, iut bf you drj d ndrkjr aohpdly or orkdlbzdtbol, tcjl cbrj d koom mbkbtdn dkjlay. ]cdt wbnn sdvj you tbhj, holjy, dlm jffort rdtcjr tcdl tryblk to aohpnjtj bt dnn yoursjnf. ]cj rjsunts wbnn ij horj bhprjssbvj. Wnus, your wjisbtj wbnn blanumj tcj rbkct `jy worms for sjdrac jlkblj optbhbzdtbol (QJO). ]cjrj bs lo rjdsol to fflkurj bt dnn out wcjl otcjrs cdvj dnrjdmy molj tcbs for you. Hdly wji costblk aohpdlbjs offjr prjpdrjm mjsbkls for bhhjmbdtj dppnbadtbol for your irdlm or aohpdly. ]cbs blanumjs mbffjrjlt rjtdbn iusbljss adtjkorbjs, suac ds rjstdurdlts, ﬉orbsts, kroajry storjs, rjdn jstdtj dkjlts, dlm adr mjdnjrscbps, ds wjnn ds profjssboldn sjrvbajs, nb`j ndwyjrs, daaoultdlts, moators, or blsurdlaj aohpdlbjs. Dlyolj wco adl opjrdtj d ajnnpcolj adl arjdtj d wjisbtj wbtc d mjsbkl tjhpndtj. Rjs, bt bs tcdt jdsy. Rou eust ljjm to hd`j d fjw sbhpnj mjabsbols, suac ds sjnjatblk tcj pcysbadn ndyout or idsba aonors, dlm tcjl you drj rjdmy to proajjm. Rou adl dnso acoosj your typj folt f olt dlm sbzj. Bhdkjs Bhdk js adl ij upnodmjm mbrjatny mbrj atny froh your aohputjr. Or, roydnty-frjj pcotos dlm drtwor` adl ij usjm. ]cj olny s`bnn rjqubrjm bs d koom sjlsj of aohposbtbol dlm proportbol. Wrjvbousny prjpdrjm mjsbkls drj dl bljxpjlsbvj dlm jffjatbvj sonutbol. Dlm, tcj aost bs jbtcjr frjj, or jxtrd wbtc prjhbuh costblk pda`dkj sjrvbajs. Qo, acja` out wcdt jdac cds to t o offjr. offjr.

Iuyblk d ZYN Jvjryolj ljjms d mohdbl ldhj. Bt‒s tcdt worm or scort pcrdsj tcdt dppjdrs bhhjmbdtjny dftjr tcj www. ]cj ZYN, or tjaclbadnny tcj Zlbforh Yjsouraj Noadtor,, bs tcj mbkbtdn dmmrjss for your wjisbtj. Bt bs bhportdlt to cdvj dl jdsy to Noadtor rjhjhijr ldhj, oivbousny, so tcdt pjopnj ffllm you fdst, iut dnso d ldhj tcdt bs ulbquj dlm hjhordinj for d irdlm, or your aohpdly. ]cj ZYN hust dnso ij rjaoklbzdinj iy sjdrac jlkbljs tcdt routbljny adtjkorbzj wjisbtjs. ]cdt bl﬉ujlajs tcj orkdlba sjdrac rjsunts dlm rdl`blk posbtbols wcjl pjopnj drj usblk Kooknj, Iblk, or Rdcoo.

1=

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Qurprbsblkny, tcj aost bs jxtrjhjny now, usudnny diout $9: to $17 d yjdr or $9 pjr holtc. Iut, tcdt bs eust tcj prbaj for „owlblk‘ d ldhj. ]cj aost of costblk, mjsbkl jxpjlsjs, dlm fulatboldnbty adl quba`ny rul up tcj totdn aost. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn wjnn-`lowl aohpdlbjs tcdt provbmj tcjsj t cjsj sjrvbajs, jbtcjr blmbvbmudnny blmbvbmudnny,, or ds d iulmnj. Jxdhpnjs drj Rond, [ormWrjss, [bx, KoMdmmy, [ji.aoh, [ji.aoh, dlm  dlm sjvjrdn culmrjm otcjrs. ]cjsj aohpdlbjs dnwdys cdvj dl blbtbdn now prbaj for puracdsblk d ZYN, iut tcjl sjnn you otcjr sjrvbajs. [cbnj costblk pda`dkjs adl ij qubtj mbffjrjlt, jxpjat to pdy dt njdst $=7 to $:7 pjr holtc, wcbac dmms up to ovjr $:77 pjr yjdr. ]cj rjdnny jxpjlsbvj pdrt bs austohbzjm mjsbkl dlm wjisbtj storjs. storj s. Olnblj sjnnblk wjisbtjs ljjm „hdr`jt ids`jt‘ dlm mbkbtdn pdyhjlt fulatbols tcdt drj ljajssdry to opjrdtj wji-idsjm puracdsblk. ]cj jdsbjst wdy to mjtjrhblj bf your ZYN bs dvdbndinj bs to jltjr your mjsbrjm ldhj bl d „ldhj sjdrac‘ sjatbol wbtcbl d wji costblk aohpdly sbtj. ]cj proinjh bs tcdt host of tcj ldhjs you proidiny wdlt cdvj dnrjdmy ijjl td`jl. ]cj optbol bs to aohj up wbtc dlotcjr ldhj, or iuy d mohdbl ldhj jlmblk bl5 .ork, .ibz, .us, or dlotcjr jlmblk. Dlotcjr possbibnbty bs to tcbl` of d sjrbjs of worms or pcrdsjs mjsarbiblk your iusbljss. For jxdhpnj, Dlmjrsol ]rdvjn Qjrvbaj aounm usj tcj ZYN5 www.trdvjntcjwornm.aoh www.trdvjntcjwornm.aoh,, or www.VdadtbolsFroh www.VdadtbolsFroh   Dlmjrsol.aoh.. Dlmjrsol.aoh Dnrjdmy pobsjm dlm rjdmy to ndulac drj d mrdhdtba ljw sjt of ldhjs5 www. irdlm.   ]cbs blanumjs tcj hdeorbty of ndrkj knoidn aorpordtbols wbtc baolba irdlm. bmjltbtbjs, suac ds Ao`j, Form, Dppnj, HaMoldnms, ]dao ]dao Ijnn, Qtdriua`s, dlm Mjnn. Qo, Ao`j adl low usj, www.Ao`j www.Ao`j or  or Form‒s ZYN wounm ijaohj www.Form www.Form.. ]cjrj drj otcjr vdrbdtbols, suac ds .moators, .rjstdurdlts, .daaoultdlts, . daaoultdlts, .hovbjs, or jvjl ZYNs for sports tjdhs. Qo, mol‒t ij surprbsjm wcjl you adl vbsbt5 www.Auis www.Auis.. [cy cdvj d .irdlm or .iusbljss ZYN? Bt hd`js orkdlba sjdrac huac fdstjr, jdsbjr, dlm njss jxpjlsbvj. Dlm for tcosj fdhbnbdr wbtc Kooknj Dm[orms, Dm[orms, d .irdlm ZYN mrdstbadnny rjmuajs tcj ljjm for ibmmblk ol `jyworms bl d promuat adtjkory, jspjabdnny dkdblst aohpjtbtors. Wdbm sjdrac ijaohjs njss bhportdlt dlm irdlm bmjltbty bs strjlktcjljm. Dl dmmbtboldn ijljfflt bs tcj pndajhjlt of prohotbols ol tcj sdhj wjisbtj iy usblk tcj syhion „/‘ dftjr dftj r tcj blbtbdn ZYN. ]cbs, of aoursj, jldinjs tcj aorpordtbol to cdvj horj aoltron ovjr bts aoltjlt dlm hdxbhbzjs sjdrac optbhbzdtbol. For jxdhpnj, www.Ao`j/frjjhusba www.Ao`j/frjjhusba or  or www.]jsnd/tjstmrbvj

Hjdsurblk Wjrforhdlaj Costblk aohpdlbjs cdvj tcjbr owl proprbjtdry softwdrj to hjdsurj pjrforhdlaj. Rou adl arjdtj your owl „mdsciodrm‘ or mbkbtdn hjtrbas to cjnp jvdnudtj jvjrytcblk. Dlm, bf tcdt bsl‒t jloukc, tcjrj bs Kooknj Dldnytbas, d frjj sjrvbaj wbtc pnjlty of cjnpfun dldnytbas. ]ypbadnny, ]ypbadnny, tcj host popundr hjdsurjhjlts, ds scowl bl Fbkurj 9.6, 9.6, drj tcj luhijr of pdkj vbjws, tbhj ol pdkjs, anba`-tcroukc rdtjs

1:

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Fbkurj 9.6 Idsba wjisbtj hjdsurjhjlts

dlm tcj totdn for ulbquj vbsbtors. Mjpjlmblk ol tcj purposj of d wjisbtj, mbkbtdn hjtrbas adl blanumj puracdsjs, rjqujsts for blforhdtbol, anba`s to nbl`s, nbvj acdt sjssbols, mowlnodms, soabdn hjmbd posts, or aohhjlts. Wdkj vbjws drj tcj datudn luhijr of tbhjs sohjolj cds noo`jm dt d wjisbtj. [cbnj tcjsj luhijrs drj oftjl ndrkj dlm bhprjssbvj, pdkj vbjws mo lot blmbadtj tcj totdn luhijr of mbffjrjlt vbjwjrs, or ulbquj vbsbtors. ]cbs bs bhportdlt ijadusj tcj sdhj pjopnj adl vbsbt d wjisbtj huntbpnj tbhjs, wcbac bs lot tcj sdhj ds ulbquj vbsbtors. For jxdhpnj, olj vbsbtor hdy aohj tjl tbhjs, wcbnj dlotcjr olny aohjs olaj. ]cj rjsunt5 two ulbquj vbsbtors iut jnjvjl totdn pdkj vbjws. Dlotcjr hjmbd tjrh bs „bhprjssbols,‘ wcbac bs tcj totdn luhijr of opportulbtbjs to ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj iy dl jltbrj kroup or dumbjlaj. [cjl you iuy dly forh of hjmbd, mbkbtdn or trdmbtboldn, tcj prbaj bs idsjm ol tcj luhijr of bhprjssbols. Dlm tcj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of bhprjssbols, tcj cbkcjr tcj aost. Cowjvjr, bt bs vjry bhportdlt to hd`j surj tcjsj BHA jxposurjs drj mjnbvjrjm to pjopnj wco drj bltjrjstjm bl tcj promuat adtjkory. ]bhj ol pdkj bs d koom hjdsurjhjlt of d vbjwjr‒s aoltblublk bltjrjst bl tcj aoltjlt. [cbnj d cohj pdkj bs tcj prbhdry jltry poblt, tcjrj drj pnjlty of nbl`s to otcjr pdkjs idsjm ol tcj aolstruatbol of tcj wjisbtj. ]cbs bs dl jxajnnjlt wdy to mjtjrhblj tcj jffjatbvjljss of irdlm hjssdkjs dt kjljrdtblk posbtbvj dttbtumjs diout d promuat or sjrvbaj. Bt blmbadtjs tcj wbnnblkljss of d vbsbtor to njdrl horj diout tcj irdlm dlm hd`j d puracdsj. ]cj host jffjatbvj hjdsurjhjlt of d wjisbtj‒s wj isbtj‒s pjrforhdlaj bs tcj anba`-tcroukc rdtj. ]cbs pjrajltdkj blmbadtjs wcjtcjr d wjisbtj bs hotbvdtblk pjopnj to aoltbluj tcjbr scoppblk jxpjrbjlaj. Datudnny, tcj rdtbo of „anosblks‘ to „vbjws‘ bs jvjl

16

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

horj arbtbadn. ]cj cbkcjr tcj anosblk pjrajltdkj, tcj horj pjrsudsbvj tcj wjisbtj aoltjlt. Dlotcjr hjdsurjhjlt bs tcj rjturl rdtj, or cow hdly tbhjs tcj sdhj pjrsol adhj ida` to tcj sdhj wjisbtj wj isbtj for olj or horj rjdsols.

Qoabdn Hjmbd Rou `low tcjh. Rou usj tcjh. Rou ljjm tcjh. Qoabdn hjmbd bs dl bljsadpdinj pdrt of jvjrymdy nbfj. Rjt, wj sjnmoh stop to tcbl` diout tcj hdkba of tcbs proajss. Bt bs tomdy‒s prjfjrjlaj for scdrblk our tcoukcts, fjjnblks, dlm datbvbtbjs wbtc frbjlms dlm fdhbny, dssoabdtjs, or dlyolj jnsj out tcjrj tcdt bs mbkbtdnny aolljatjm to us. Iut, cjrj bs wcjrj tcblks acdlkj. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs low to prohotj d irdlm dlm to sjnn promuats or sjrvbajs. Lot eust cdvblk ful, or jltjrtdblblk jvjryolj. Jvjry BHA Wndl scounm blanumj soabdn hjmbd. Iut lot tcj `blm you drj fdhbnbdr wbtc. Jdac soabdn hjmbd pndtforh cds d „iusbljss‘ vjrsbol. Bt dppjdrs to ij tcj sdhj, iut tcj puinbscjr bs d irdlm or aohpdly, dlm lot dl blmbvbmudn. Bt bs lot tcj ijst hjmbd, iut bl tomdy‒s wornm, dl jssjltbdn olj. Qurprbsblkny, Qurprbsblkny, tcjrj drj datudnny sjvjrdn tcousdlm soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs. Dlm ljw oljs drj ijblk ndulacjm jvjry mdy. Hdly drj aoultry spjabffla, iut d fjw drj truny knoidn. Qbx drj tcj host bl﬉ujltbdn blmustry njdmjrs5 Fdajioo`, ]wbttjr, Blstdkrdh, Qldpacdt, Nbl`jmBl, Wbltjrjst, dlm Rou]uij. Dlotcjr njvjn mowl wbtc njss vbsbibnbty, iut strolk popundrbty, drj5 Wjrbsaopj, Fnba`r, ]uhinr, [cdtsDpp, Vbijr, Kooknj+, ]blmjr, Yjmmbtt, QtuhinjZpol, Mbkk, Hjjtup, dlm Qnda`. [cbac otcjr ljw oljs wounm you nb`j to dmm to tcbs nbst? Fdajioo` bs tcj ndrkjst soabdn hjmbd pndtforh, iut bts rjajlt krowtc aohjs froh dttrdatblk dl onmjr dumbjlaj. ]cjrj cdvj ijjl fjw, bf dly, aohpjtbtbvj acdnnjlkjs to bts luhijr olj posbtbol. ]cj rjdsol bs tcdt lo olj wdlts to swbtac to d sbhbndr wjisbtj, bf lolj of tcjbr frbjlms drj tcjrj. Fdajioo` bs vjry sopcbstbadtjm dlm sdvvy bl rjdacblk cbkcny mbvjrsbffljm dumbjlajs, iut dnso jxtrjhjny aohpnjx dlm jxpjlsbvj for dmvjrtbsjrs. ]wbttjr cds d cbkc frjqujlay of usj dholk bts hjhijrs wbtc tcj stdlmdrm 4=7-acdrdatjr hjssdkjs. Bts popundrbty hdblny aohjs froh scdrblk ljws dlm blforhdtbol diout eust diout jvjrytcblk. Blstdkrdh bs fdvorblk d youlkjr dumbjlaj tcdt novjs to hd`j dlm post vbmjos. For hdly pjopnj, Blstdkrdh bs low prjfjrrjm ovjr Fdajioo`, ds tcj host bltjrjstblk dlm trjlmbjst soabdn hjmbd pndtforh. Qldpacdt wbtc tcj fdhous tjl-sjaolm mbsdppjdrblk hjssdkjs bs dnwdys ful-orbjltjm. Bts tjaclonoky bs pjrfjat for sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs, jspjabdnny aoupols dlm nbhbtjm tbhj offjrs. Wbltjrjst bs irdlm-orbjltjm dlm cjdvbny fjhdnj bl tcj aohposbtbol of bts usjrs. Nbl`jmBl bs strbatny d profjssboldn soabdn hjmbd pndtforh. Bl Fbkurj 9.;, 9.;, tcj tcrjj host bhportdlt mbstblatbols dholk tcjsj sbx soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs drj suhhdrbzjm.

1;

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Qoabdn Hjmbd Hytcs ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn hytcs diout soabdn hjmbd tcdt aoltbluj to ij hbsulmjrstoom. [cbnj host of tcjh drj bhportdlt for soabdn scdrblk, tcjy mo lot dppny to tcj iusbljss homjn usjm iy mbkbtdn hdr`jtjrs dlm dmvjrtbsjrs to prohotj tcjbr irdlms. Cjrj drj fflvj of tcj host popundr hytcs5 4 9 1 = :

Bt bs frjj. Bt rjdacjs jvjryolj. Bt bs jdsy to usj. Bt bs vjry jffjatbvj. Bt bs koom dmvjrtbsblk.

Ovjrdnn Ovjr dnn Aosts Aost s [rbtblk d aohhjlt, postblk d pbaturj, or scdrblk d vbmjo bs prjtty jdsy. Iut lot wcjl you cdvj to mo bt jvjry mdy. Dlm lot wcjl your eoi mjpjlms ol bts jffjatbvjljss. ]cdt‒s ijadusj soabdn hjmbd bs ful wcjl bt bs for pnjdsurj, iut mbffflaunt wcjl bt aohjs to iusbljss. Yjspolmblk to t o proinjhs wbtc d promuat or sjrvbaj, sjrv baj, or dlswjrblk qujstbols diout d irdlm‒s fjdturjs adl ij acdnnjlkblk. ]cj dlswjrs hust ij aorrjat, tcj bhdkjs hust ij dpprovjm, dlm tcj proejatjm fjjnblk of tcj bltjrdatbol cds to ij aourtjous, cjnpfun, dlm frbjlmny. ]cdt bs wcy host dmvjrtbsjrs cbrj d mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk dkjlay. ]cjy drj rjspolsbinj for rjprjsjltblk tcdt irdlm. ]cjbr wor`jrs drj pjrforhblk tcj sdhj fulatbol ds sohjolj wco bs dl jhpnoyjj of tcdt anbjlt. Qo, dly soabdn hjmbd hjssdkj, bhdkj, or vbmjo bs pdrt of tcj irdlm‒s rjputdtbol. ]cdt td`js tbhj, dlm holjy. Qblaj dkjlabjs drj pdbm iy tcj cour, d soabdn hjmbd iumkjt adl ij jxpjlsbvj. Dlotcjr optbol bs d fflxjm holtcny fjj, iut bf you drj d shdnn iusbljss, or jltrjprjljur, bt bs host nb`jny tcdt tcj jltbrj Qoabdn Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt wbnn ijaohj yoursjnf. ]cdt bs wcy soabdn hjmbd bs lot jxdatny frjj. ]cjrj drj aosts lot olny for wrbtblk, postblk, sacjmunblk, dlm rjspolmblk, iut dnso for holbtorblk pjrforhdlaj dlm dldnyzblk rjsunts.

Qbzj dlm Aovjrdkj Qoabdn hjmbd cds ibk luhijrs. ]cdt bs truj. Iut, irdlm dmvjrtbsjrs mo lot wdlt to rjdac jvjryolj. Lor mo noadn storjs dlm sjrvbaj jstdinbschjlts adrj diout cow hdly hbnnbols of pjopnj usj jdac olnblj pndtforh. ]cjy sjnn to pjopnj droulm tcj aorljr. Ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs, too, wdlt dumbjlajs tcdt drj wjnn mjfflljm dlm tdrkjtjm, lot hdss luhijrs. ]cbs mbstblatbol wbnn hd`j sjlsj, dftjr rjdmblk tcj acdptjrs ol hdr`jt sjkhjltdtbol dlm tdrkjtblk ndtjr bl tcj tjxtioo`.

13

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

[cdt bs sbklbffladlt bs tcdt soabdn hjmbd cds tcj dibnbty to bmjltbfy, dkkrjkdtj, dlm aolljat wbtc d mbvjrsbffljm, yjt mbstblat, kroup of pjopnj. ]cbs ijaohjs jssjltbdn wcjl dmvjrtbsblk ol soabdn hjmbd. Ds wbtc trdmbtboldn hjmbd, tcj ndrkjr tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj, tcj krjdtjr tcj aosts. ]cbs bs d idsba runj of dmvjrtbsblk, wcbac fonnows d nbljdr or proportboldtj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl dumbjlaj sbzj dlm hjmbd prbajs. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt bs twbaj ds ndrkj, tcjl tcj aost bs dutohdtbadnny mouinj. Or, bf tcj hjmbd prbaj bs rjmuajm iy olj-tcbrm, jxpjat tcj luhijr of pjopnj to dnso ij rjmuajm iy tcj sdhj dhoult.

Aohpnjxbty ]oo aohpnjx. Zlnjss you cdvj trdblblk, dmvjrtbsblk ol soabdn hjmbd bs d ibk acdnnjlkj. [cbnj tcjrj tcj rj drj pnjlty of vbmjos ol cow to arjdtj soabdn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk, jdac pndtforh bs mbffjrjlt. ]cj acdptjr ol hjmbd pndllblk dlm adhpdbkl mjvjnophjlt wbnn provbmj you wbtc sohj of tcj idsba tjrhblonoky ljjmjm to kjt d ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of mbkbtdn, ds wjnn ds trdmbtboldn, hjtcoms. ]cbs wbnn ij cjnpfun for hd`blk dmvjrtbsblk mjabsbols dt d ndrkj aohpdly, or bl your owl iusbljss.

Jffjatbvjljss Qoabdn hjmbd adl ij vjry jffjatbvj, iut lot ds d forh of dmvjrtbsblk. Iut, tcblks drj acdlkblk. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd, jspjabdnny tjnjvbsbol, stbnn wbls tcdt idttnj. ]cj powjr of vbmjo aohhjrabdns ol tjnjvbsbol bs ulmjlbdiny suaajssfun dt rdbsblk irdlm dwdrjljss dlm bltjrjst. ]cj mowlsbmj bs tcj jxtrjhjny cbkc prbajs. Ol tcj otcjr cdlm, tcj mdlkjr of soabdn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk bs tcdt bt mojs lot rjdac jvjryolj sbhuntdljousny, dlm dmvjrtbsblk ol pdkjs adl ij pjrajbvjm ds too bltrusbvj, or ulwdltjm. Qo, soabdn hjmbd bs rjqubrjm, iut ultbn tcblks acdlkj, bts bhportdlaj to ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs bs d nowjr prborbty tcdl trdmbtboldn hjmbd. ]cj jxajptbol bs dl olnblj aohpdly, wcbac bs dnn diout aolljatbvbty dlm bltjrdatbol wbtc austohjrs. Qoabdn hjmbd aoltblujs to jxpdlm bts potjltbdn for dmvjrtbsjrs, jspjabdnny wbtc tcj dmmbtbol of vbmjo strjdhblk to soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs. ]cj disonutj ijst usj of soabdn hjmbd for irdlms bs sdnjs prohotbol. [cy? Offjrs dlm fflldlabdn blajltbvjs adl ij ndulacjm quba`ny dlm bljxpjlsbvjny, dlm to tcj rbkct kroups of pjopnj, wbtcout wdstjm aovjrdkj. ]bhj nbhbts adl ij jstdinbscjm dlm dntjrldtbvj dpprodacjs adl ij tjstjm. Dlm, tcj rjspolsj rdtjs adl ij hjdsurjm. Wrohotboldn posts adl provbmj d krjdtjr rjturl ol blvjsthjlt aohpdrjm to „nb`js,‘ or scdrjm aohhjlts. Wjopnj adl dnso ij mbrjatjm to irdlm wjisbtjs for mjtdbnjm blforhdtbol, aoupol rjmjhptbol, tjstbholbdns, fjdturjm prbzjs, or jvjl puracdsjs.

12

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

]cjrj drj hdly otcjr jxajnnjlt usjs of soabdn hjmbd. For jxdhpnj, bt adl ij usjm ds d forh of puinba rjndtbols to jlcdlaj irdlm bhdkj dlm aohpdly rjputdtbol. Yjkundr pdrtbabpdtbol dlm mbsaussbols diout aohhulbty jvjlts, dlloulajhjlts, lol-profflt fulmrdbsjrs, spolsorscbps, dlm jhpnoyjj rjaoklbtbol drj ijljfflabdn rjdsols for usblk soabdn hjmbd. Bt bs mjffllbtjny pdrt of BHA. Cjrj‒s dlotcjr pjrspjatbvj. ]d`j dnn tcj soabdn hjmbd wjisbtjs dlm sjpdrdtj tcjh blto four adtjkorbjs. ]cj rjsunt bs d qudmrdlt idsjm ol pjopnj, pndajs, tcblks, dlm jxpjrbjlajs. For jxdhpnj, Fdajioo` bs d pjopnj-orbjltjm blforhdtbol scdrblk wjisbtj, wcbnj Wbltjrjst fjdturjs pcotos of oiejats dlm tcblks. Foursqudrj wds orbkbldnny orkdlbzjm droulm pndajs, iut mbm lot hdbltdbl bts hohjltuh. Dlm host rjajltny, rjajltny, Wjrbsaopj jhjrkjm acdnnjlkblk Blstdkrdh for vbmjo scdrblk. Qoabdn hjmbd bs lot tcj sdhj ds trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk, iut irdlms adl pndaj dmvjrtbsjhjlts dmvjrtbsjhjl ts ol soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs. Bs bt d horj jffjatbvj hjtcom of hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol? Or, drj tcj trdmbtboldn wdys stbnn ijttjr? ijt tjr? [cbnj soabdn hjmbd cds hbnnbols of hjhijrs, bt bs lot dnwdys d koom jlvbrolhjlt for mjnbvjrblk irdlm ir dlm hjssdkjs dlm mbstrbiutblk pjrsudsbvj aohhulbadtbol.

 Dmvjrtbsblk ol Qoabdn Hjmbd Jxpjat to spjlm d not of tbhj njdrlblk. ]cjrj drj d not of optbols, sjqujlajs, dlm stjps. Wrbablk bs lot sbhpnj. ]cjrj bs oftjl d hdtacblk systjh for suppny dlm mjhdlm. ]cj systjh mjabmjs tcj outaohj, lot you. Iut, dmvjrtbsjhjlts drj jdsy to hd`j, jspjabdnny sblaj tcj pcysbadn spdajs drj shdnn dlm mo lot mjhdlm d not of worms. Wcotos mohbldtj tcj vbjwblk pdkj. Vbmjos drj d ibk pnus, sblaj tcjy drj jxtrjhjny jffjatbvj bl mjnbvjrblk dl jhotboldnny rjspolsbvj hjssdkj. Iut, soabdn hjmbd for irdlm hdr`jtblk cds tcj dibnbty to hbaro-tdrkjt dmvjrtbsblk to vjry spjabffla kroups of pjopnj. Dlm, tcdt bs wcdt jffflabjlt BHA prokrdhs drj mjsbkljm to daaohpnbsc. Ij surj to vbsbt tcbs tjxtioo`‒s wjisbtj for horj mjtdbnjm blforhdtbol diout „Cow to Dmvjrtbsblk ol Qoabdn Hjmbd.‘ www.Youtnjmkj.aoh/Eus`d

Qoabdn Hjmbd Aohpdrbsol [cbnj jvjryolj bs fdhbnbdr wbtc soabdn hjmbd, tcjrj bs d vjry bhportdlt mbffjrjlaj for BHA. Qoabdn hjmbd pndtforhs drj dvdbndinj bl two mbffjrjlt forhdts5 pjrsoldn usdkj dlm iusbljss usdkj. ]cjy hbkct noo` tcj sdhj, iut tcj purposj bs suistdltbdnny mbffjrjlt. ]cdt hjdls tcdt jvjry soabdn hjmbd pndtforh offjrs aohpdlbjs, irdlms, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm noadn storjs tcj opportulbty to iubnm pdkjs tcdt drj mjsbkljm to sjnn to, prohotj to, dlm jlkdkj dumbjlajs. Iut wcbac soabdn hjmbd pndtforh bs ijst? Dlm, cow drj tcjy mbffjrjlt? Bl Fbkurj Bl Fbkurj 9.;, 9.;, d aohpdrbsol bs hdmj ijtwjjl tcj host frjqujltny frjqujlt ny usjm soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs. ]cbs blanumjs5 Fdajioo`, ]wbttjr, Blstdkrdh, Qldpacdt, Wbltjrjst, dlm Nbl`jmBl. Dmmbtboldn blforhdtbol

=7

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Fbkurj 9.; Qoabdn hjmbd aohpdrbsol

diout tcjsj soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs, ds wjnn ds blstruatbols for sjttblk up jbtcjr d pjrsoldn or iusbljss daaoult, bs postjm ol tcj tjxtioo`‒ tjxtioo`‒ss wjisbtj.

 Fdajioo`   F dajioo`  Fdajioo` Iusbljss nbsts sbx kodns for d iusbljss pdkj5 iubnm irdlm prjsjlaj, arjdtj dwdrjljss, jlaourdkj mbsaovjry, kjljrdtj njdms, ioost sdnjs, dlm jdrl noydnty. Dftjr sjnjatblk d spjabffla kodn, sjt up d iusbljss Fdajioo` pdkj, dmm aoltjlt, prohotj tcj pdkj, hjdsurj rjsunts, dlm hdldkj tcj rjspolsjs. ]cjl, arjdtj dlm ndulac your Fdajioo` dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls. Qoulms jdsy, jdsy, iut bt bs lot. Fbrst, tcj dm forhdt5 lot so cdrm d acobaj. ]cjrj drj fflvj optbols5 pcotos, vbmjo, or snbmjscow snbmjs cow,, dlm two otcjrs, wcbac drj d hbxturj of bhdkjs dlm vbmjos. Qjnjatblk dl dumbjlaj bs prjtty sbhpnj. ]cjl, tcj proajss kjts kjt s horj aohpnbadtjm. Dmvjrtbsblk pndajhjlt blvonvjs hd`blk two bhportdlt fflldlabdn mjabsbols5 tcj spjlmblk iumkjt pjr mdy dlm tcj hdxbhuh dhoult to pdy for dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt tcdt rjdacjs your mjsbrjm dumbjlaj. ]cjl, tcjsj luhijrs drj suihbttjm to tcj Fdajioo` Dm Duatbol for d mjabsbol. ]cjbr systjh mjtjrhbljs your datudn aost pjr dm ol d mdbny idsbs dlm pndajhjlts. Kot bt? ]cj sblknj wdy to rjdnny ulmjrstdlm, ds wjnn ds mjsbkl, pndaj, dlm bs to usj tcjbrhjmbd Dms Hdldkjr. Bt bsadhpdbkls orkdlbzjmol to cjnphjdsurj hdldkj Fdajioo` tcj jltbrj dmvjrtbsblk proajss of pndablk soabdn dmvjrtbsblk Fdajioo` dlm dnso Blstdkrdh.

]wbttjr  ]cbs soabdn hjmbd kbdlt foausjs ol „tdrkjtblk‘ bts dmvjrtbsblk mjnbvjry. ]cjrj drj jbkct hdeor adtjkorbjs for tdrkjtblk ]wbttjr dmvjrtbsblk. Fbrst, tcjrj bs kjlmjr. Qjaolm, kjokrdpcy wbtc 977 hjtro hdr`jts dlm 49,777 zbp aomjs. ]cbrm, bltjrjst tdrkjtblk wbtc up to 1:7 mbffjrjlt suiadtjkorbjs. Fourtc, `jyworm tdrkjtblk tdrkjt blk usblk spjabffla worms dlm pcrdsjs. Fbftc, ]wbttjr ]wbttjr fonnowjrs. Qbxtc, hoibnj mjvbajs. Qjvjltc, Qjvjltc , tdrkjtblk iy noydnty. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tdrkjtblk iy ijcdvbordn ijc dvbordn rjspolsjs, wcbac blanumjs scoppblk pdttjrls, nbfjstynj, dlm `jy dttrbiutjs.

=4

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Blstdkrdh Qblaj Blstdkrdh bs owljm iy Fdajioo`, tcj proajmurjs for dmvjrtbsblk drj bmjltbadn. ]cj Fdajioo` Dms Hdldkjr systjh aolljats tcjh sjdhnjssny for aost jffjatbvjlj jffjatbvjljss ss dlm aolabsj aoormbldtbol. Murblk tcj pdst sjvjrdn yjdrs, Blstdkrdh cds ijjl krowblk huac fdstjr tcdl Fdajioo`, wcbac bs sbklbffladlt sblaj tcj dumbjlaj bs youlkjr dlm horj datbvj bl soabdn hjmbd pdrtbabpdtbol.

Wbltjrjst  ]cbs cjdvbny fjhdnj-mohbldtjm soabdn hjmbd pndtforh noo`s nb`j dl olnblj scoppblk hdnn ol stjrobms. Dlm yjs, tcjrj bs d Wbltjrjst for Iusbljss, too. Bl tcbs adsj, aohpdlbjs drj blvbtjm to eobl dlm prohotj pbls. Horj rjajltny, vbmjos cdvj ijjl dmmjm. Wbltjrjst andbhs tcdt tcjsj scort anbps stbhundtj aolsuhjr bltjrjst dlm puracdsj aolsbmjrdtbol. Qo, tcbs bs d pjrfjat pjrfj at soabdn hjmbd pndtforh to mbkbtdnny rjdac datbvj wohjl wbtc d strolk pdssbol for ajrtdbl promuat adtjkorbjs. Wbltjrjst offjrs d scowrooh jxpjrbjlaj wbtc pnjlty of frjj blforhdtbol dlm tcj dibnbty to ffllm out horj diout d irdlm.

Qldpacdt  Hdyij you mol‒t usj tcbs soabdn hjmbd pndtforh, iut 4:7 hbnnbol pjopnj mo. ]cbs youtc-orbjltjm mbkbtdn pcjlohjlol wbtc tjl-sjaolm mbsdppjdrblk vbmjos cds ijjl krowblk bl popundrbty. Bts zdly dpprodac to hjssdkblk bs pjrajbvjm to ij outrdkjous, ful, brrjvjrjlt, brrjvjrjl t, dlm jltjrtdblblk. Aurrjltny Aurrjlt ny,, tcjrj drj tcrjj wdys for irdlms to dmvjrtbsj ol Qldpacdt5 Qldp dms, spolsorjm kjo-fflntjrs, dlm spolsorjm njlsjs. Ko to tcjbr pdkj to njdrl horj diout tcj proajss dlm oisjrvj tcj mjholstrdtbols. ]cj olny BHA dppnbadtbol tcdt Qldpacdt cds lot jxpnobtjm bs sdnjs prohotbol. [ounml‒t bt hd`j sjlsj to cdvj d „nbhbtjm tbhj‘ aoupol dppjdrblk for blstdlt sdvblks or bhhjmbdtj rjmjhptbol?

 Nbl`jmBl    Nbl`jmBl ]cbs bs dnn diout your pjrsoldn iusbljss bhdkj, eoi sjdrac, dlm jhpnoyjrs noo`blk for profjssboldn tdnjlt to cbrj. Nbl`jmBl mbspndys your mbkbtdn rjsuhj dlm iubnms your rjputdtbol iy scdrblk blforhdtbol diout your `lownjmkj, jxpjrbjlaj, dlm ida`kroulm. Bt cds dnso ijaohj d vjry jffjatbvj hjtcom for shdnn aohpdlbjs to ffllm ljw anbjlts, dlm mbsaovjr dhdzblk opportulbtbjs. [cbnj tcjrj drj dnso aorpordtj pdkjs tcdt blanumj d nbst of jhpnoyjjs, tcj struaturj of Nbl`jmBl bs iubnt droulm blmbvbmudn cohj pdkjs. Dmvjrtbsblk ol tcbs soabdn hjmbd pndtforh bs sbhbndr to host of tcj stdlmdrm hjtcoms of mjsbkl dlm tdrkjt dumbjlaj sjnjatbol.

=9

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Rou]uij Wrj-ronns. Hbm-ronns. Wost-ronns. Rou] Rou]uij cds tcjh t cjh dnn. Wjopnj novj to wdtac Rou] Rou]uij uij vbmjos, iut lot tcj rjqubrjm dmvjrtbsjhjlts. Jvjryolj cds to wdtac tcj fflrst fflvj sjaolms ijforj tcj rjqujstjm vbmjo dppjdrs. ]cj rjsuntblk luhijrs anjdrny blmbadtj wco bs bltjrjstjm bl tcdt irdlm, dlm wbnn datudnny anba` to ko to d aohpdly‒s wjisbtj. Koom for dmvjrtbsjrs, sblaj tcjy olny pdy dms tcdt cdvj ijjl vbjwjm, iut dlloyblk for tcj rjst of tcj pjopnj. Irodmadst tjnjvbsbol cds aolmbtboljm vbjwjrs to wdbt for prokrdh aoltjlt, jvjl wcjl bltjrruptjm iy aohhjrabdns. Cjrj bs olj bhportdlt ljw fjdturj5 tcj Rou]uij Mbrjator, d sjrvbaj dvdbndinj for promuablk vbmjos jspjabdnny for hoibnj mjvbajs. For horj blforhdtbol ol Rou]uij dmvjrtbsblk, ko to5 www.youtuij.aoh/yt/dmvjrtbsj www.youtuij.aoh/yt/dmvjrtbsj..

Qoabdn Hjmbd Mdsciodrms Mds ciodrms Cow adl you possbiny `jjp trda` of tcj datbvbtbjs ol tcrjj, four, or jvjl horj soabdn hjmbd wjisbtjs? ]cdt bs wcjrj d „mdsciodrm‘ aohjs blto your BHA pndllblk. Idsbadnny, d hjmbd mdsciodrm bs d sblknj pndtforh tcdt jldinjs usjrs to aoormbldtj, holbtor, dlm dldnyzj blmbvbmudn soabdn hjmbd daaoults. ]cdt hjdls you olny cdvj ko to olj wjisbtj to daajss jvjrytcblk. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn aohpdlbjs tcdt offjr soabdn hjmbd mdsciodrms ds tcjbr hdbl promuat. ]cj host sopcbstbadtjm dlm jxpjrbjlajm bs Cootsubtj. ]cbs aohpdly provbmjs d idsba njvjn of soabdn hjmbd hdldkjhjlt dt lo aost. [cbnj d frjj trbdn bs koom, bt bs dnso nbhbtjm. Bf you pdy horj, you wbnn dnso kjt horj. Bt dnn mjpjlms ol tcj oiejatbvjs of tcj irdlm, dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay dkjlay,, or aohpdly. ]ry bt ijforj you iuy tcbs sjrvbaj. Cootsubtj dnnows you to bltjrdat wbtc up to tcbrty-fflvj mbffjrjlt soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs dt tcj sdhj tbhj. ]cdt‒s suac d not of posts to hdldkj. [cdt adl you mo wbtc Cootsubtj? Dftjr wrbtblk d hjssdkj, or dmmblk d pcoto or vbmjo, you mjabmj ol tcj jxdat mdy dlm tbhj you wdlt bt to dppjdr. Dlm, tcj spjabffla soabdn hjmbd wjisbtjs you wdlt to usj. Eust sacjmunj bt ol tcj mdsciodrm dlm your wor` bs molj. ]cj aohputjr softwdrj prokrdh mojs tcj rjst. Rour olnblj post wbnn dutohdtbadnny dppjdr jxdatny wcjl dlm wcjrj you wdltjm bt to. Dftjr dnn tcdt, you adl holbtor rjspolsjs, hjdsurj d rjturl ol tcj dmvjrtbsblk blvjsthjlt, dlm jvjl jlkdkj bl „soabdn nbstjlblk.‘ ]cbs bs d krjdt wdy to njdrl horj diout iuyjrs dlm potjltbdn austohjrs. ]cj blforhdtbol adl cjnp bl pndllblk ijttjr hjssdkjs dlm dumbjlaj tdrkjtblk. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn otcjr popundr soabdn hjmbd mdsciodrm wjisbtjs, suac tcj cbkcny rdtjm Qprout Qoabdn, ds wjnn ds Hjmbd Fulljn, Fdl Wdkj Yoiot, Iuffjr, dlm Mdtordhd wcbac spjabdnbzjs bl cbkc-profflnj soabdn hjmbd hdr`jtblk prokrdhs. Jssjltbdnny, tcjy provbmj tcj sdhj sjrvbaj ds Cootsubtj, iut jhpcdsbzj mbffjrjlt hjdsurjhjlts dlm mbkbtdn sacjmunblk tjaclbqujs.

=1

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Qoabdn hjmbd dldnytbas bs d vjry aohpnjx topba. Jdac soabdn hjmbd pndtforh cds bts owl hjtcoms for hjdsurblk pjrforhdlaj dlm rjportblk rjsunts. Bl dmmbtbol, aohpdlbjs nb`j @nout dlm Dnjxd provbmj rdl`blks dkdblst aohpjtbtbvj wjisbtjs dlm jstbhdtj tcj strjlktc str jlktc of your soabdn hjmbd prokrdh. Dlm diovj tcjh tc jh dnn bs tcj untbhdtj pndtforh, Kooknj Dldnytbas, wcbac cds horj mdtd jvdnudtbol possbibnbtbjs tcdt adl jvjr ij bhdkbljm. Dlm host of tcjbr sjrvbaj bs disonutjny frjj.

Jhdbn Hdr`jtblk  ]cj stdlmdrm forh of jhdbn hdr`jtblk aolsbsts of dl dttjltbol-kjttblk cjdmnblj aohibljm wbtc d pjrsudsbvj hjssdkj or prohotboldn offjr. Krjdt cjdmnbljs kjt tcj jhdbns opjljm iy tcosj rjajbvblk tcjh. D horj sopcbstbadtjm vjrsbol cds bhdkjs or pcotos dppjdrblk ol tcj vbjwblk pdkj. ]cj two ijst sjrvbajs for tcbs typj of jhdbn hdr`jtblk drj Aolstdlt Aoltdat or Hdbn Acbhp. ]cj host aohhol mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk optbols drj nbstjm bl Fbkurj 9.3. 9.3. ]cjsj blanumj5 blioulm hdr`jtblk prokrdhs, tdrkjt nbsts, rjtdrkjtblk hjssdkjs, dlm kjofjlablk. Blioulm hdr`jtblk blvonvjs austohjrs ffllmblk aohpdlbjs, dlm lot tcj otcjr wdy droulm. Bt bs jxdatny tcj opposbtj of tcj hdr`jtblk pcbnosopcy froh tcj pdst. CuiQpot bs dl jxajnnjlt jxdhpnj of d aohpdly tcdt offjrs blioulm hdr`jtblk sjrvbajs for iotc ndrkj aohpdlbjs dlm shdnn jltjrprbsjs. jltjrprbs js. Iut, tcj suaajss of tcbs strdtjky mjpjlms ol tcj dibnbty of usjrs to jffjatbvjny sjdrac olnblj. Froh dl dkjlay or dmvjrtbsjr‒s pjrspjatbvj, sjdrac bs dnn diout `jyworms. ]cbs bs pdrt of tcj proajss of QJO. Host mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs drj s`bnnjm bl sjnjatblk `jyworms. ]cj proajss of blaorpordtblk `jyworms blto irdlm wjisbtjs dlm „ibmmblk‘ for sjdrac rjsunts posbtbols ol Dm[orms cds dnso ijaohj blarjdsblkny aohpnjx dlm tbhj-aolsuhblk. Dlotcjr vjry koom rjdsol to cbrj dl

Fbkurj 9.3 Mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk optbols

==

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

dkjlay. Dlm fflldnny, mbkbtdn mjvjnophjlt aohpdlbjs, suac ds CuiQpot, cdvj huntbpnj pda`dkjs dlm prbablk strdtjkbjs for blioulm hdr`jtblk prokrdhs tcdt adl ij dmdptjm for dly iusbljss, irdlm, or orkdlbzdtbol. ]cjbr softwdrj dlm hdldkjhjlt systjhs adl kubmj BHA Hdldkjrs bl tcj pndllblk of blioulm hdr`jtblk tjaclbqujs, suac ds mowlnodms, blqubrbjs, or rjqujsts. ]drkjt nbsts adl ij aohpbnjm froh austohjr rjaorms, puracdsjm froh vjlmors, or dkkrjkdtjm froh opt-bl rjkbstrdtbols froh wjisbtjs. Yjtdrkjtblk blvonvjs sjlmblk mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk mbrjatny to pjopnj wco cdvj prjvbousny sjdracjm olnblj wbtcbl d pdrtbaundr promuat adtjkory or noo`jm dt d spjabffla irdlm wjisbtj. Kjofjlablk bs tcj pndajhjlt of d mbkbtdn datbvbty ioulmdry droulm d storj or otcjr noadtbol, for tcj purposj of holbtorblk soabdn hjmbd datbvbty froh blmbvbmudns or kroups.

Mbkbtdn Wrblt  Mbkbtdn prblt cds two sjpdrdtj pdrts5 jnjatrolbad jnjatrolbadnny nny rjpromuajm pdkjs froh pcysbadn hdtjrbdns, suac ds hdkdzbljs, adtdnoks, or owljr‒s hdludns, dlm mbkbtdn aoltjlt tcdt bs orbkbldn wbtc jxanusbvj olnblj mbstrbiutbol. Yjpnbadtjm hdtjrbdns blanumj dlytcblk tcdt cds ijjl prjvbousny prbltjm ol pdpjr, adrmiodrm, or pndstba. Bt bs tcjl rjmjsbkljm dlm trdlsfjrrjm blto d mbkbtdn forhdt. Olnblj mbkbtdn prblt wbtc orbkbldn aoltjlt jxbsts olny ol tcj Bltjrljt, dlm bl host adsjs, bt bs promuajm iy dl blmjpjlmjlt aohpdly tcdt mojs lot aohpjtj wbtc otcjr hjmbd puinbadtbols. ]omdy, host hdkdzbljs cdvj scbftjm tcjbr aoltjlt to d mbkbtdn forhdt. ]cbs hjdls tcdt bf you wdlt to rjajbvj d aopy, d pdbm suisarbptbol or olnblj rjkbstrdtbol rjkbstrdtbo l bs rjqubrjm. Dlm wcdt mo you kjt? Jxdatny tcj sdhj vbsudn bhdkjs. Dlm, tcj sdhj krdpcba ndyout. Brolbadnny, wcjl mbkbtdn prblt wds blbtbdnny bltromuajm, aohpdlbjs offjrjm olnblj vjrsbols to tcjbr suisarbijrs. ]cbs wds d frjj „iolus‘ to dttrdat ljw rjdmjrs dlm blarjdsj abraundtbol. Bt wds dnso ljajssdry to protjat tcj t cj fflldlabdn vdnuj of tcjbr puinbadtbols. Ljwspdpjrs fonnowjm tcj sdhj dmeusthjlt strdtjky iy offjrblk frjj aopbjs of tcjbr mdbny pdpjrs olnblj. Cowjvjr, tcj ljwspdpjrs wjrj fdr horj vunljrdinj to soabdn hjmbd, jspjabdnny ]wbttjr, wcjl blforhdtbol wds ijblk scdrjm blstdltdljousny froh droulm tcj wornm. Ljwspdpjrs dnso nost trjhjlmous dmvjrtbsblk rjvjluj to olnblj scoppblk. ]cbs mbkbtdn trdlsforhdtbol datudnny cds kbvjl hdkdzbljs d sbklbffladlt dmvdltdkj aohpdrjm to tcjbr jdrnbjr prbltjm vjrsbols. Aoltjlt adl ij acdlkjm quba`ny, nbtjrdnny wbtcbl cours. ]cbs adl blanumj pcotos, drtbanjs, dlm jvjl vbmjos. Jmbtorbdns adl ij jxpdlmjm ds ljw blforhdtbol drrbvjs, dlm bt adl ij bhhjmbdtjny scdrjm wbtc tcj rjdmjrs. Qo, mbkbtdn hdkdzbljs adl aohpjtj wbtc soabdn hjmbd. Dlm, dt tcj sdhj tbhj, hdkdzbljs adl stbnn hdbltdbl tcj sdhj cbkc qudnbty of vbsudn prjsjltdtbol tcdt bs stbnn jleoyjm iy tcjbr rjdmjrs. ]cbs dibnbty to ijaohj pdrt of tcj mbkbtdn hjmbd ndlmsadpj opjls up ljw opportulbtbjs for hdkdzbljs. Wrjvbousny,

=:

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

tcj aost of prjpdrblk dlm puinbscblk d prbltjm vjrsbol for d shdnnjr dumbjlaj wds ulproffltdinj. Ds d rjsunt, tcj shdnnjst bltjrjst kroups, nbfjstynj prjfjrjlajs, dlm lolprofflt orkdlbzdtbols adl puinbsc dl olnblj hdkdzblj. [btc mbkbtdn tjaclonoky, tcbs sbtudtbol cds acdlkjm dlm jvonvjm. ]omdy, dlyolj adl arjdtj d mbkbtdn hdkdzblj. ]cjrj drj luhjrous olnblj aohpdlbjs tcdt offjr tjhpndtj mjsbkl dlm softwdrj pda`dkjs. ]cj host popundr dlm tjaclonokbadnny sdvvy drj5 Eoohdk, Bssuu, Rumu, dlm Fnbppblk Ioo`. ]cj mjsbkl tjhpndtjs jldinj you to iubnm dl dttrdatbvj aovjr pdkj, blsjrt your pcotos dlm bhdkjs, dlm aorrjatny pndaj your worms bl aonuhls, daaormblk to d mjsbkl stynj jxdatny nb`j d profjssboldn forhdt. Dlm wcdt diout tcj trdmbtboldn hdkdzbljs? [jnn, tcjy drj dnbvj dlm wjnn, iut bl dlotcjr noadtbol. Dkkrjkdtbol wjisbtjs, suac ds Ujlbo dlm Hdkztjr, cdvj dl blarjmbinj sjnjatbol. ]cjsj mbkbtdn vjrsbols drj rjdmy for puracdsj, mowlnodm, or vbjwblk olnblj. Hd`blk d sjnjatbol bs fdst, jdsy, dlm ful. Eust ko to dly of tcosj wjisbtjs dlm sjdrac for your fdvorbtjs. Or, jxpnorj tcjbr jlmnjss nbsts. Fblm ljw suiejats dlm drjds of bltjrjst to t o mbsaovjr dlm jleoy. jleoy. Bt bs dnn olnblj, dnn tcj tbhj. Otcjr mbkbtdn prblt dppnbadtbols, dppnbadt bols, suac ds promuat adtdnoks dlm owljr‒s owljr‒s hdludns, drj dnso usjfun forhs of BHA. ]cbs bs ijadusj tcjrj bs stbnn d ljjm, dlm bl sohj adsjs, strolk mjhdlm, for prbltjm sdnjs iroacurjs, hdtjrbdns tcdt drj promuajm for pjrsoldn aoltdat sbtudtbols sbtudtbol s bl rjtdbn storjs dlm offflaj noadtbols. Dkdbl, mbkbtdn prblt adl ij dlytcblk aolvjrtjm blto dl olnblj forhdt froh d prbltjm moauhjlt, puinbabty `bt, spolsorscbp, or prohotboldn hdtjrbdn.

Qtrjdhblk Qtrjdhbl k Vbmjo Qtrjdhblk bs lot eust prj-rjaormjm vbmjo, iut dnso nbvj trdlshbssbol. ]cbs tjaclonoky cds jxbstjm for sjvjrdn yjdrs, iut cdm to wdbt for tcj idlmwbmtc to blarjdsj jloukc to cdlmnj tcj hdssbvj dhoults of mbkbtdn mdtd blvonvjm bl tcj proajss. Bt usjs tcj sdhj typj of sbkldn ds adinj tjnjvbsbol, iut tcj aoltjlt hovjs tcroukc tcj Bltjrljt. [cdt bs surprbsblk to host pjopnj bs tcj dibnbty to tdn` nbvj to dlyolj, dlywcjrj, dlytbhj”eust nb`j Q`ypj, or d sbhbndr olnblj sjrvbaj. Qo, wcbnj you tcbl` bt‒s ful to aohhulbadtj wbtc your frbjlms ol Fdaj]bhj, pjopnj drj low usblk soabdn hjmbd for tcj sdhj purposj. ]cbs „nbvj‘ pdrt of tcj tjaclonoky dnso cds d krjdt potjltbdn for d ljw forh of dmvjrtbsblk. Bhdkblj d irdlm spo`jspjrsol strjdhblk d nbvj hjssdkj to olnblj dumbjlajs. Or, tcj sdnjs hdldkjr of d noadn storj offjrblk d spjabdn prohotboldn prbaj for olj mdy olny. Dlm hdyij, d hdr`jtblk jxjautbvj dppjdrs to bltromuaj d ljw irdlm wbtc d popundr sports ajnjirbty. Bhpossbinj? Lo, bt‒s aohblk sool. Dlm hdyij, bt‒s cjrj dnrjdmy? ]d`j d anosjr noo` dt www.]Vkubmj.aoh www.]Vkubmj.aoh dlm  dlm nbstjl to tcjbr t cjbr mdbny prokrdh vbjwblk rjaohhjlmdtbols. [btc d turl of d swbtac, bt aounm jdsbny ij d vbmjo, or jvjl d nbvj pjrsol. Hdyij, tohorrow? Hdyij jvjl tomdy?

=6

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

Dntcoukc AIQ, LIA, DIA, dlm tcj FOS ljtwor`s cdvj ijjl qubjtny jldinblk tcjbr trdmbtboldn tjnjvbsbol tjnjvbs bol prokrdhs to ij vbjwjm olnblj, tcj sjnjatbols cdvj ijjl nbhbtjm, or rjstrbatjm wbtc d tbhj mjndy. ]cj aorpordtj wjisbtjs drj tcj olny souraj for vbjwblk, wbtc d aonnjatbol of blmbvbmudn prokrdhs. Ljtwor`s‒ rjnuatdlaj to hd`j tcbs trdlsbtbol to mbkbtdn bs ulmjrstdlmdinj. ]cjrj drj nost dmvjrtbsblk rjvjlujs. Olnblj vbjwblk cds d huac shdnnjr dumbjlaj sbzj, wcbac hjdls nowjr dmvjrtbsblk rdtjs. Dlm, sblaj ljtwor`s hd`j tcjbr ndrkjst profflts froh tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs wbtc tcj cbkcjst rdtblks, tcjrj bs lo blajltbvj to acdlkj. Zlnjss, tcjy cdvj to. Iut, tcj ljjm to mo so bs anjdr. anjdr. [dtac out”cjrj aohjs Ljt﬉bx dlm CIO wbtc dwdrm wbllblk orbkbldn aoltjlt dlm hbnnbols of ljw suisarbijrs! Aurrjltny,, tcjrj bs d vjry aohpjtbtbvj rdaj for frjj vbjwblk dpps. AIQ wds olj of Aurrjltny tcj fflrst, offjrblk nbvj ljws rjports, dnolk wbtc JQWL tcdt fjdturjm rjdntbhj sports prokrdhhblk. Iut, tcjbr host dkkrjssbvj aohpjtbtors drj lot otcjr tjnjvbsbol ljtwor`s, iut soabdn hjmbd. For jxdhpnj, bl 9746, Fdajioo` Fdaji oo` ijkdl to nbvj irodmadst olj Hdeor Njdkuj Idsjidnn kdhj pjr wjj`. ]wbttjr wds tcj fflrst soabdn hjmbd pndtforh to „nbvj strjdh‘ dl LFN footidnn kdhj. Lot d vbmjo tdpj. Lot d mjndyjm irodmadst. Lot d cbkcnbkct anbp. Lot jvjl d Rou]uij fjdturj. Bt wds NBVJ. Dlm, wcbnj bt wds lot cjdvbny prohotjm, tcj kdhj wds sjjl iy horj tcdl ; hbnnbol pjopnj. Lot ds hdly ds dl dvjrdkj LFN Qulmdy footidnn kdhj, iut prjtty anosj. Vjry, vjry bhprjssbvj for tcj blbtbdn tjst of soabdn hjmbd sports vbjwblk! Iut, tcj ibk surprbsj wds bl 974;, wcjl tcj LFN muhpjm ]wbttjr dlm hdmj d mjdn for $:7 hbnnbol wbtc Dhdzol. Qo, wcdt bs tcj mbffjrjlaj ijtwjjl vbmjo dlm nbvj strjdhblk? Vbmjo strjdhblk bs wcdt cds dnrjdmy ijjl rjaormjm. Nbvj strjdhblk bs dl datudn, rjdn-tbhj trdlshbssbol of aoltjlt wbtcout bltjrruptbols or mjndy. ]cbs blanumjs sportblk jvjlts, drtbstba pjrforhdlajs, aunturdn jvjlts, noadn fjstbvdns, prjss aolfjrjlajs, aolfjrjlajs , dlm wornmwbmj ljws aovjrdkj. Nbvj strjdhblk dnrjdmy dnrj dmy jxbsts ol Fdaj]bhj dlm [cdtsDpp. Qo, sblaj soabdn hjmbd bs mjsbkljm for ndrkj-sadnj scdrblk, eust nb`j ljtwor` tjnjvbsbol, nbvj aoltjlt dutohdtbadnny qudnbffljs ds d forh of hdss hjmbd. Bhdkblj tcbs. Ds popundr sblkjrs, hovbj stdrs, or sports cjrojs jxpdlm tcjbr nbvj strjdhblk aoltjlt, dumbjlajs wbnn krow. krow. Dlm, aoltbluj to krow. Dlm jvjltudnny, jvjltudnny, tcjy wbnn rjdac tcj sdhj njvjns ds host ljtwor` ljt wor` tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs. Iut, tcjrj bs lo knoidn aohpdly blvonvjm. Dlm, lo noadn ]V stdtbol. ]cj aoltjlt adl dppjdr ol dly hoibnj mjvbaj, tdinjt, wdtac, pcolj, ndptop, mjs`top aohputjr, or jvjl d ndrkj holbtor dt d scoppblk hdnn. [co aoltrons tcj nbvj aoltjlt? ]cj sjlmjr. [co aoltrons tcj tbhj, njlktc, dlm mbstrbiutbol? ]cj sjlmjr. ]cjrj drj lo ibk bltjrhjmbdrbjs. ]cj suaajssfun usj of soabdn hjmbd for nbvj sports cds dnrjdmy mjholstrdtjm tcdt pjopnj drj rjdmy. Iut, dmvjrtbsjrs ljjm to ij prjpdrjm prj pdrjm for tcbs jhjrkblk opportulbty opportulbty.. [co bs tcj ljxt ibk mbstrbiutor of vbmjo dms? Dhdzol. Bt olny hd`js sjlsj. ]cjy cdvj tcj hjracdlmbsj. ]cjy cdvj dnn tcj irdlms bl olj pndaj. Rou nb`j bt, you iuy bt. Dmvjrtbsblk bs tcj pjrfjat wdy to hotbvdtj pdssbvj scoppjrs to ijaohj ij aohj

=;

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

datbvj iuyjrs. Dlm, wcbnj tcbs ljw sjrvbaj cds eust stdrtjm, jxpjat bt to krow jxpoljltbdnny fdst dlm ij d pjrhdljlt dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd strdtjky for ldtboldn irdlms. Fbldnny, vbmjo dmvjrtbsblk cds iro`jl tcroukc tcj tc j ioulmdrbjs of Fdaj]bhj, soabdn hjmbd, dlm Rou] Rou]uij uij acdlljns, dlm foulm bts wdy blto hdr`jtblk wjisbtjs.

Hoibnj Dpps  Hoibnj bs dnn diout dpps. ]cjrj drj hbnnbols of tcjh. Dppnj‒s wjisbtj nbsts ovjr 9.9 hbnnbol dpps. Jvjry hdeor irdlm cds olj, ds wjnn ds noadn aohpdlbjs. Qoftwdrj jxbsts tcdt dnnows usjrs to arjdtj tcjbr owl dpps for dly purposj. Eust nb`j wbtc wjisbtj mjsbkl dlm mjvjnophjlt, tcjrj drj austohbzjm dpps, rjdmy to usj, for rjstdurdlts, idl`s, adr mjdnjrs, kroajry storjs, mry anjdljrs, ﬉orbsts, dlm horj5 sports tjdhs, hovbjs, tcjhj pdr`s, abty kovjrlhjlts, dlm jvjl ulbvjrsbtb ulbvjrsbtbjs. js. ]cjrj drj dpps for jvjry bhdkbldinj promuat adtjkory, blanumblk dmvjrtbsblk, fflldlaj, dlm jmuadtbol. Koom jxdhpnjs blanumj Ibzljssdpps.aoh Ibzljssdpps.aoh dlm  dlm dpphd`jr.aoh  dpphd`jr.aoh.. ]cj ﬉ow bs prjtty sbhpnj. Ds bnnustrdtjm bl Fbkurj 9.2, 9.2, aoltjlt bs mjnbvjrjm to tcj hoibnj usjr, dnolk wbtc irdlm hjssdkjs. ]cjy adl ij aohibljm or mbstrbiutjm sjpdrdtjny.. ]cbs bs tcj mbkbtdn blput. ]cj output froh dly mbkbtdn aohhulbadtbol sjpdrdtjny noop bs d ljvjr-jlmblk ayanj of dltbabpdtjm rjspolsjs, wcbac adl ij bhhjmbdtj, mjndyjm, or jvjl bklorjm. Host irdlm wjisbtjs drj mjsbkljm to ij aohpdtbinj wbtc hoibnj mjvbajs. Cowjvjr, bt bs bhportdlt to rjaoklbzj tcdt tcj vbjwblk sarjjl for d hoibnj mjvbaj bs shdnnjr tcdl tcj pdkjs of d wjisbtj, so d mbffjrjlt ndyout dlm forhdt wbnn dppjdr. dppjdr. For jxdhpnj, bf d cohjpdkj cds four ndrkj pcotos, tcj bhdkjs wbnn ij mbspndyjm two dt d tbhj bl d vjrtbadn wdy.

Fbkurj 9.2 Hoibnj dpps dlm BHA

=3

 

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

ACDW]JY

9

]omdy omdy,, tcjrj drj hdly ljw typjs of hoibnj mjvbajs blanumblk wjdrdinjs, suac ds wdtacjs, dlm jhijmmjm proajssjrs. ]cj Dppnj [dtac hbkct cdvj ijjl tcj ijkbllblk of d ljw forh of mbkbtdn bltjrdatbol dlm aohhulbadtbol. ]cjrj drj wrbst idlms tcdt adl hjdsurj our cjdrt rdtj dlm sjlm mdtd to our moator, or ijnt mjvbajs tcdt adl rjaorm tcj mbstdlaj tcdt wj cdvj wdn`jm murblk d mdy dlm arjdtj d wjj`ny krdpc for our hoibnj sarjjl. Dlm tcjrj drj jvjl scbrts, s`brts, pdlts, cdts, dlm cjdmidlms tcdt aoltdbl shdrt acbps jhijmmjm bl fdirbas dlm otcjr hdtjrbdns. Bl tcj ljdr futurj, wcbac bs proidiny ljxt yjdr, jvjryolj scounm jxpjat hoibnj `jyiodrms to ijaohj oisonjtj, rjpndajm iy vobaj aohhdlm tjaclonoky. Qbrb dlm Dhdzol‒ss Jaco drj dnrjdmy moblk tcbs for us low. Eust jxpjat jvjl horj froh tcj Dhdzol‒ ljxt kjljrdtbol of mjvbajs. Huac horj.

Quhhdry ]cbs acdptjr jxpnorjm tcj sbx hdeor adtjkorbjs of mbkbtdn hjmbd5 irdlm wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, jhdbn hdr`jtblk, mbkbtdn prblt, hoibnj dpps, dlm strjdhblk vbmjo. [jisbtjs stbnn rjhdbl tcj dlacor for irdlms datbvjny hdr`jtblk tcjbr promuats or sjrvbajs. Jvjry iusbljss ljjms d wjisbtj, wcbac adl jdsbny ij arjdtjm wbtc frjj olnblj tjhpndtjs. Jffjatbvj irdlmsbtjs rjqubrj d sbhpnbabty of mjsbkl, andrbty of hjssdkj, dlm jdsj of ldvbkdtbol. Qoabdn hjmbd bs tcj host frjqujltny usjm forh of mbkbtdn aohhulbadtbol, wcbnj tcj hdeorbty of pjopnj usj Fdajioo`, ]wbttjr, Blstdkrdh, Qldpacdt, Wbltjrjst, dlm Nbl`jmBl. Jhdbn hdr`jtblk cds td`jl d horj sopcbstbadtjm dpprodac to tdrkjtblk dlm mdtdidsj hdr`jtblk. hdr`jtbl k. Mbkbtdn prblt rjhdbls ulmjrutbnbzjm, yjt offjrs d cbkc stdlmdrm of krdpcbas for olnblj hdkdzbljs dlm dumbjlaj sjnjatbvbty. Qtrjdhblk vbmjo bs rjdmy to mbsrupt tcj tjnjvbsbol blmustry dlm tcrust aohpdlbjs nb`j Ljt﬉bx dlm Dhdzol blto hjmbd njdmjrscbp. Bl dnn forhs of mbkbtdn hjmbd, irdlm hjssdkjs hust ij aolsbstjlt, anjdr, dlm aoormbldtjm aoormbldtjm wbtc otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs dlm prokrdhs.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Ijdbrm, E., & Kjorkj, E. (974=). ]cj Wrblabpnjs of Ijdutbfun [ji Mjsbkl5 Mjsbklblk Krjdt [ji Qbtjs Bs Lot Yoa`jt Qabjlaj!, 1rm jmbtbol. Hjniourlj, Dustrdnbd5 QbtjWoblt, Ntm. Ijrry, E. (974:). Qoabdn Aoltjlt Hdr`jtblk for Jltrjprjljurs. Ljw Ror`, LR5 [bnjy. Aoffjy,, Q., & Qtbpp, C. (422;). ]cj bltjrdatbols Aoffjy bltjrdatb ols ijtwjjl aohputjr dlm tjnjvbsbol usdkj.    Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 1; (9), (9), 64‑6;. Aonnbdlmjr, E., & Mdcnâl, H. (9744). Fonnowblk tcj fdscboldinj frbjlm5 ]cj powjr of soabdn hjmbd ‑ wjbkcblk tcj puinbabty jffjatbvjljss of inoks vjrsus olnblj hdkdzbljs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :4(4), 141‑197.

=2

 

ACDW]JY

9

MBKB]DN HJMBD JLVBYOLHJL]Q

Mrossos, M. D., Fous`ds, @. K., @o``bld`b, F., F., & Wdpd`yrbd`opounos, M. (9744). Dmvjrtbsblk Dmvjr tbsblk ol tcj bltjrljt5 Wjrajptbols of dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs dlm hdr`jtblk hdldkjrs.    Bltjrldtbold  Bltjrld tboldnn Eourldn Eourldn of Bltjrl Bltjrljt jt Hdr`jtblk Hdr`jtblk dlm Dmvjrtb Dmvjrtbsblk, sblk, 6(1), 9==‑96=. Cjhdl, A., & Iuridry, @. (9741). Mbkbtdn Hdr`jtblk Hdr`jtblk Dldnytbas5 Hd`blk Qjlsj Qjlsj of Aolsuhjr Aolsuhjr  Mdtd bl d Mbkbtdn [ornm  [ornm . Blmbdldponbs, BL5 Tuj Wuinbscblk (Wjdrsol). Cohiurk, A., Jch, N., & Drtz, H. (974:). Hjdsurblk dlm hdldkblk aolsuhjr sjltbhjlt bl dl olnblj aohhulbty jlvbrolhjlt.  EHY, Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, :9(:), 692‑6=4.  Eocl, N. @., Jhrbac, O., Kuptd, Q., & Lortol, H. B. (974;). Mojs „nb`blk‘ njdm to novblk? ]cj bhpdat of eoblblk d irdlm‒s soabdn ljtwor` ol hdr`jtblk outaohjs.  EHY,  Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, :=(4), 4==‑4::. @bh, Q. E. (9773). Vbjwpoblt5 D frdhjwor` for dmvjrtbsblk bl tcj mbkbtdn dkj. Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =3(1), 147‑149. @blkslortc, Q. (9746).  Mbkbtd  Mbkbtdnn Hdr`jt Hdr`jtblk blk Qtrdtj Qtrdtjky5 ky5 Dl Bltjk Bltjkrdtjm rdtjm Dpprod Dpprodac ac to Olnbl Olnbljj  Hdr`jtblk . Nolmol, Jlkndlm5 @okdl Wdkj. @otnjr, W., @drtdedyd, C., & Qjtbdwdl, B. (9746). Hdr`jtblk =.75 =.75 Hovblk froh ]rdmbtboldn ]rdmbtboldn to  Mbkbtdn. Coio`jl, LE5 E. [bnjy & Qols. @wd`, C., Forhdl, C., & Ubl`cdl, K. H. (9772). Aolsuhjr dttbtumjs towdrms fflrhs‒ hdr`jtblk datbvbtbjs5 ]cj bhpnbadtbols for hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbols strdtjkbjs.    Bltjrldtboldn Eourldn of Bltjrljt Hdr`jtblk dlm Dmvjrtbsblk, Dmvjrtbsblk, :(1), 414. Njj, @., & Hbnnjr, @. J. (9776). Bltjrljt usjrs‒ dttbtumj dlm ijcdvbourdn bltjltbol ol jirdlmblk.   Bltjrldtboldn Eourldn of Bltjrljt Hdr`jtblk dlm Dmvjrtbsblk, 1(=), 11:‑1:=. Nblmjl, J., [onf, R., & [dntcjr, J. (9746). Blsbmj tcj cost‒s hblm5 Wsyaconokbadn prblabpnjs of vbrdn hdr`jtblk.  Bltjrldtboldn Eourldn of Bltjrljt Hdr`jtblk dlm  Dmvjrtbsblk , 47(4‑9), :=‑32. Holdkcdl, M. (974:).  Mbkbtdn Hblms5 49 ]cblks Jvjry Iusbljss Ljjms to @low Diout  Mbkbtdn Hdr`jtblk , 9lm jmbtbol. Vbatorbd IA, Adldmd5 [QB, Frbjsjl Wrjss. Wnuhnjy, K. (9749). [jisbtj Mjsbkl dlm Mjvjnophjlt5 477 Tujstbols to Ds` Ijforj Iubnmblk d [jisbtj. Blmbdldponbs, BL5 [bnjy Wuinbscblk. Yokjrs, A. (974;). Bs mbkbtdn dl jffjatbvj jffjatb vj hdss hdr`jt hjmbuh? Hdr`jtblk [jj` ‑ Olnblj,

Dprbn 4;, 974;. Yokjrs, Q., & ]cohpsol, J. (974;). Mbkbtdn Dmvjrtbsblk5 ]cjory dlm Yjsjdrac, 1rm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj. Qhbtc, I. K., & Wndaj, @. Y. (9741). Bltjkrdtblk powjr? Jvdnudtblk puinba rjndtbols bl﬉ujlaj bl dl bltjkrdtjm aohhulbadtbol struaturj.  Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols  Yjsjdrac, 9:(9), 463‑43;. Qtjrlijrk, Q. (974;). ]rdmbtboldn ]V stbnn runjs ‑ Jvjl dholk hbnnjllbdns.  Hjmbd Wost , ]V Jvjrywcjrj, Qtjvj Qtjrlijrk, Dprbn 49, 974;.

:7

 

1 BHA Iumkjts dlm Oiejatbv Oiejatbvjs js Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o outnblj tcj fflldlabdn sourajs for BHA fulms

•

]o aohpdrj hjtcoms for adnaundtblk BHA iumkjts

•

]o prborbtbzj tcj dnnoadtbols of BHA jxpjlmbturjs

•

]o qudltbfy dlm wrbtj spjabffla BHA oiejatbvjs

Bltromuatbol Qpjlmblk holjy bs jdsy. Qpjlmblk bt wbtc d pndl bs ijttjr. Iut, kjttblk hjdsurdinj rjsunts to aohpdrj to BHA oiejatbvjs bs tcj ijst. ]cbs bs tcj olny wdy to blsurj jffflabjlay dlm jffjatbvjljss. ]cbs acdptjr jxpndbls jbkct wdys to mjtjrhblj cow huac holjy to put blto dl BHA iumkjt. ]cj fflldn acobaj mjpjlms ol d aohibldtbol of hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs dlm

aohpjtbtbvj datbvbtbjs, dnolk wbtc tcj fflldlabdn rjsourajs of tcj aohpdly, hjmbd aosts, dlm tcj irdlm blvonvjm. ]cj iumkjt bs jvjltudnny mbvbmjm dholk tcj hdeor BHA adtjkorbjs wbtc dmmbtboldn dnnoadtbols idsjm ol spjabffla hjmbd, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, dlm aohhulbadtbol datbvbtbjs. Qpjlmblk mjabsbols drj hdmj daaormblk to tbhblk, kjokrdpcba aovjrdkj, tdrkjt dumbjlajs, hdr`jt scdrj kodns, dlm sdnjs oiejatbvjs.

BHA Fulmblk Qour Qourajs ajs ]cj jffjatbvjljss of BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs mjpjlms ol tcrjj bhportdlt fflldlabdn fdators5 tcj dhoult of holjy dvdbndinj to spjlm0 tcj host promuatbvj dnnoadtbols of fulms0 dlm tcj ﬉jxbibnbty to hombfy prjvbousny dpprovjm BHA Wndls, strdtjkba mjabsbols, dlm iumkjts. [cdt mjtjrhbljs tcj jxdat dhoult of holjy

:4

 

ACDW]JY

1

BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

dvdbndinj for BHA? Bt bs tcj Hdr`jtblk Wndl. Jvjry Jvjr y irdlm, aohpdly, aohpdly, dlm jltrjprjljurbdn vjlturj prjpdrjs d aohprjcjlsbvj Hdr`jtblk Wndl wbtc d sjatbol ol Dmvjrtbsblk dlm Wrohotbol. ]cbs typbadnny blanumjs mjtdbnjm blforhdtbol diout tcj rjaohhjlmjm BHA Wndls or prokrdhs, sdhpnjs sdhpnj s of arjdtbvj aolajpts dlm hdtjrbdns, hjmbd sprjdmscjjts wbtc dnnoadtbols, dlm host bhportdltny, tcj jstbhdtjm ovjrdnn iumkjt for bhpnjhjltdtbol. Cjrj bs d ibk pdrdmox. [cjrj mojs tcj proajss ijkbl? ]d`j d quba` noo` dt Fbkurj 1.4  1.4  ijforj you ffllbsc rjdmblk tcbs pdrdkrdpc to ijttjr ulmjrstdlm tcj sjqujlaj of tcj ﬉ow of fulms for BHA iumkjts. Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjrs mjhdlm daaurdtj aost blforhdtbol, dnolk wbtc spjabffla dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbol, puinba rjndtbols, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd rjaohhjlmdtbols, to fflldnbzj tcjbr BHA iumkjts. Iut, Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjrs ljjm dl blbtbdn jstbhdtj to mjvjnop d „proposjm‘ BHA prokrdh. Ds sool ds tcj dhoult of holjy acdlkjs, so wbnn tcj rjaohhjlmdtbols. Zntbhdtjny, Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjrs hd`j tcj fflldn mjabsbol diout cow huac holjy wbnn ij spjlt, iut blmbvbmudn BHA Hdldkjrs, suac ds tcj pjrsol rjspolsbinj for dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbol, puinba rjndtbols, or mbkbtdn hjmbd, wbnn ij hd`blk culmrjms of mjtdbnjm acobajs ds to prjabsjny wcjrj, wcjl, dlm cow tcjsj fulms wbnn ij usjm. ]o suhhdrbzj, suhhdrbzj, tcj fulmblk proajss ijkbls wbtc tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt ds`blk tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Mjpdrthjlt for d pndl. ]cj fflldn rjsunt bs tcj luhijr tcdt tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt dpprovjs, iut tcj blput froh tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Mjpdrthjlt bs jssjltbdn to drrbvj dt d rjdnbstba dlm sdtbsfdatory iumkjt. Bt dnn mjpjlms ol tcj aohhulbadtbol oiejatbvjs tcdt drj proposjm, dlm tcj aost for bhpnjhjltdtbol. ]cj ﬉ow of fulms low hovjs froh tcj hdr`jtblk drjds blto BHA pndllblk dlm d ljw roulm of mjabsbol-hd`blk. ]cj fflrst hdeor mbvbsbol of tcj BHA iumkjt bs tcj dnnoadtbol of holjy iy BHA aohpoljlt or adtjkory. ]cbs mjabsbol blvonvjs tcj pjrajltdkj of fulms for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd. ]cj pjrajltdkjs rjhdbl tcj sdhj, jvjl bf tcj ovjrdnn BHA iumkjt bs acdlkjm dt d ndtjr mdtj. ]cbs bs molj to rjtdbl tcj bhportdlaj of jdac aohpoljlt, idsjm ol tcj fflldlabdn rjsourajs usjm for prokrdh bhpnjhjltdtbol. Bl Fbkurj Bl Fbkurj 1.4, 1.4, tcj mbrjat ﬉ow of iumkjts froh hdr`jtblk to BHA bs krdpcbadnny

Fbkurj 1.4 Iumkjt ﬉ow sjqujlaj

:9

 

BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

ACDW]JY

1

scowl, ds wjnn ds tcj ljxt two stjps bl tcj sjqujlaj, tcj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt dlm hjmbd dnnoadtbol iumkjt. Qblaj tcj totdn dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk fulms bs froh d pjrajltdkj of tcj BHA iumkjt, tcj ljxt mjabsbol bs wcbac hjmbd adtjkorbjs wbnn ij usjm strdtjkbadnny. ]cjl, tcj jstbhdtjm dhoult of holjy ljjmjm or rjaohhjlmjm wbnn ij mjtjrhbljm, or olaj dkdbl dnnoadtjm iy d pjrajltdkj. Ndtjr, tcj monndrs wbnn ij spnbt up dlm dssbkljm to blmbvbmudn hjmbd sjnjatbols, idsjm ol dldnysbs dlm strdtjkbjs. ]ypbadnny, tcjsj blanumj blmbvbmudn hdkdzbljs, tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs, rdmbo stdtbols, ljwspdpjrs, dlm otcjr hjmbd acobajs. ]cj proajmurj dlm hjtcomonoky usjm to hd`j tcjsj typjs of mjabsbols wbnn ij jxpndbljm dlm mbsaussjm ndtjr.

Iumkjt Adnaundtbol Hjtcoms Bf tcj dhoult of holjy for BHA cds lot ijjl fflldnbzjm iy tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt, or tcj owljr of d aohpdly, aohpdly, tcjl tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr Hdldkjr,, or blmbvbmudn rjspolsbinj, cds to hd`j tcbs bhportdlt mjabsbol. Brolbadnny, Brolbadnny, tcj hdr`jtblk pjrsolljn hbkct ds` tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Mjpdrthjlt for d proposdn. ]cbs wounm blanumj d rjaohhjlmdtbol for tcj dhoult ljjmjm wbtcout dly mjtdbns. Eust tcj fflldn dhoult. Lotcblk horj. Qo, bt jdsbny ijaohjs d sbtudtbol of wcbac olj aohjs fflrst5 tcj dpprovjm BHA iumkjt, or d proposdn for fulmblk. ]cj jbkct wdys to adnaundtj tcj dhoult of fulms dvdbndinj for dl BHA Wndl drj suhhdrbzjm bl Fbkurj 1.9. 1.9. ]cjsj wdys blanumj5 cbstorba pdttjrls, hdxbhuh dfformdibnbty, blmustry rdtbos, pjrajltdkj of sdnjs, fbxjm dhoult pjr ulbt, aohpjtbtbvj hdr`jt scdrjs, hjmbd homjns, dlm fflldnny, prjmbatbvj dnkorbtchs. Bl tcj fonnowblk tjxt tcjsj hjtcoms wbnn ij rjvbjwjm, dnolk wbtc d mjsarbptbol of tcj dmvdltdkjs, mbsdmvdltdkjs, dlm prjfjrjlajs of aorpordtbols, shdnn iusbljssjs, dlm orkdlbzdtbols.

Fbkurj 1.9 Adnaundtblk fulms for BHA

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ACDW]JY

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BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

Cbstorba Wdttjrls  ]cbs bs tcj quba`jst, jdsbjst, dlm sbhpnjst hjtcom. Eust noo` up wcdt wds spjlt ndst yjdr. ]cjl, dmm d pjrajltdkj blarjdsj (or mjarjdsj) dlm your wor` bs molj. Iut cow jffjatbvj bs tcbs hjtcom? Bs tcj BHA iumkjt luhijr tcj rbkct dhoult to spjlm? Or, bs tcj iumkjt too now? [bnn blarjdsjs bl tcj aost of dmvjrtbsblk put d strdbl ol tcj iumkjt? [cdt bf sjvjrdn ljw iroacurjs cdvj to ij promuajm, or hdeor acdlkjs cdvj to ij hdmj to tcj aohpdly wjisbtj? Dly acdlkj hjdls horj holjy wbnn ij ljjmjm. Zlfortuldtjny Zlfortuldtjny,, tcj cbstorba hjtcom bs usjm tcj host oftjl, ijadusj host of tcj pjopnj blvonvjm mo lot `low dly otcjr wdy. wdy. Jvjl bl ndrkjr aohpdlbjs, tcjrj hbkct lot ij jloukc tbhj to dldnyzj pdst rjsunts or tcjrj hbkct ij ulajrtdblty diout tcj jffjatbvjljss of pdst jfforts. Cjrj bs cow tcj cbstorba pdttjrl hjtcom bs adnaundtjm. Dssuhj tcdt ndst yjdr‒s BHA iumkjt wds $=7,777, dlm 47% bs dmmjm for blarjdsjm aosts dlm bl﬉dtbol, tcjl tcj ljw iumkjt wounm ij $==,777. Nokbadn dlm jdsy, iut wcdt bf tcj top hdldkjr mjabmjs to aut tcj iumkjt iy 17%, or horj? Low, tcj BHA iumkjt bs rjmuajm to $93,777. ]cbs hd`js tcblks mbffflaunt. ]cj cbstorba pdttjrl bs dl jxajnnjlt rjfjrjlaj poblt. Bt mojs provbmj dl blbtbdn njvjn of BHA jxpjlmbturjs, dlm offjrs dl opportulbty to rjvbjw tcj dmjquday of tcbs dhoult. Wjrcdps, horj fulmblk bs ljjmjm? Or, lot. Dt njdst jvjryolj `lows tcj stdrtblk poblt for low. low.

Hdxbhuh Dfformdibnbty  Bl sbtudtbols wbtc lo cbstorba pdttjrl, tcj hdxbhuh dfformdibnbty hjtcom adl ij usjm. ]cbs hjtcom bs vjry aohhol wbtc ljw iusbljss vjlturjs, shdnn iusbljssjs, or jltrjprjljurs. ]cj dhoult of holjy for dl BHA iumkjt bs idsjm ol jbtcjr wcdt bs dvdbndinj or wcdt bs mjabmjm iy dl owljr or hdldkjr hdldkjr.. Bt bs lot mjpjlmjlt ol sdnjs, profflt, hdr`jt scdrj, or dly otcjr fdators. Hdxbhuh dfformdibnbty bs d purj aolsjrvdtbvj fflldlabdn eumkhjlt or iusbljss strdtjky tcdt rjqubrjs dl jxtrd blfusbol of adsc for BHA.

Blmustry Ydtbos  Wromuats dlm sjrvbajs wbtcbl tcj sdhj blmustry blmust ry or iusbljss adtjkory cdvj d sbhbndr pdttjrl of dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlmbturjs dlm prohotboldn iumkjts. ]cbs bs d rjsunt of ijblk aohpjtbtbvj wbtc otcjr irdlms. Olj of tcj ijst wdys to ffllm out cow huac to spjlm ol BHA bs tcj rjndtbolscbp of dmvjrtbsblk to sdnjs for blmbvbmudn promuat adtjkorbjs. ]cbs bs jxprjssjm ds d rdtbo, suac ds ;54 or 154. ]cj cbkcjr tcj rdtbo, tcj krjdtjr tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk monndrs aohpdrjm to totdn adtjkory sdnjs. For jxdhpnj, tcj fdst foom blmustry cds d rdtbo of 254. Idsjm ol tcj dvjrdkj

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BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

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of jdac of tcj hdeor aohpjtbtors, dpproxbhdtjny $2 hbnnbol bl dmvjrtbsblk bs spjlt for jvjry $34 hbnnbol bl sdnjs. Dlotcjr wdy of noo`blk dt tcj dmvjrtbsblk-to-sdnjs rdtbo bs tcj rjndtbvj bhportdlaj of dmvjrtbsblk wbtcbl tcj ovjrdnn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt. ]cj rdtbos bnnustrdtj aohibljm „dvjrdkjs‘ for d pdrtbaundr blmustry or promuat adtjkory. ]cbs bs lot d qujstbol of koom or idm, or too cbkc or too now, iut tcj host daajptdinj stdlmdrm for aohpjtblk promuats. For jxdhpnj, tcj aoshjtbas blmustry blmustr y cds dl jxajptboldnny cbkc dmvjrtbsblk-to-sdnjs rdtbo wbtc cjdvy tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk dlm jxpjlsbvj ldtboldn hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsblk. Dt tcj otcjr jlm of tcj spjatruh, host blmustrbdn promuats, suac ds aolstruatbol jqubphjlt or offflaj mjs`s, cdvj d vjry now rdtbo. Dl jxtjlsbvj nbst of dmvjrtbsblk-to-sdnjs rdtbos for iotc aolsuhjr dlm I9I promuat adtjkorbjs dlm hdeor blmustrbjs bs kbvjl ol tcj wjisbtj for tcbs tjxtioo`. Qcounm d irdlm spjlm diovj tcj blmustry rdtbo to kjljrdtj krjdtjr vbsbibnbty? Or, scounm bt spjlm njss to `jjp bts sjnnblk prbaj nowjr? ]cdt bs d strdtjkba hdr`jtblk mjabsbol. Dkkrjssbvj aohpdlbjs wbnn spjlm diout tcj dvjrdkj to blarjdsj hdr`jt scdrj, iut cow huac diovj adl olny ij jstbhdtjm. ]cjrj drj lo ajrtdbltbjs wbtc iumkjt mjabsbol, olny qudnbty kujssjs.

Wjrajltdkj of Qdnjs  ]cbs hjtcom of iumkjtblk bs mbrjatny aolljatjm to d aohpdly‒s aohpdly‒s bltjrldn luhijrs dlm fflldlabdn hdr`jtblk rjqubrjhjlts. Bt bs adnaundtjm usblk irdlm strdtjkbjs dlm tdrkjtjm njvjn of kross sdnjs dlm ljt profflts. ]cj pjrajltdkj of sdnjs bs d vjry quba` dlm jdsy proajmurj, jspjabdnny bf tcjrj drj huntbpnj irdlms blvonvjm. Eust td`j tcj t cj pjrajltdkj, dlm mo tcj hdtc. ]cj ibk proinjh bs wcjl sdnjs ko mowl, so mo tcj fulms dvdbndinj for dmvjrtbsblk. Iut, wcjl sdnjs drj now, tcdt‒s wcjl horj dmvjrtbsblk bs rjdnny ljjmjm. Bt bs d rjdn pdrdmox. Qjnjatblk d pjrajltdkj ol dl dribtrdry idsbs bs lot koom iusbljss. Jvjl bf tcj blmustry rdtbos drj usjm ds d kubmj, dlm d adnaundtjm pjrajltdkj bs mjrbvjm, tcjrj bs lo aolljatbol to tcj aohhulbadtbol ljjms of tcj irdlm. [cdt bs tcj sbzj dlm struaturj of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj? [cjrj drj tcjy noadtjm? Cow jffjatbvj bs trdmbtboldn, or mbkbtdn, hjmbd bl rjdacblk tcjh?

 Fbxjm  Fbx jm Dhoult Dhoult Wjr Zlbt  ]cbs iumkjt hjtcom bs vjry quba` dlm jdsy. Eust huntbpny tcj jstbhdtjm luhijr of ulbts tcdt drj jxpjatjm to ij sonm iy dl dhoult pjr ulbt. For jxdhpnj, d totdn of 41:,777 ndhps iy $97 pjr ulbt ybjnms d iumkjt of $9;7,777. [cbnj tcj dhoult pjr ulbt bs dnso dl dribtrdry mjabsbol, d luhijr of fdators ljjm to ij aolsbmjrjm, suac ds prjvbous cbstory, aohpjtbtbvj datbvbty, dfformdibnbty, dlm vdnuj of tcj promuat or sjrvbaj.

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ACDW]JY

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BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

]ypbadnny, tcj cbkcjr tcj rjtdbn sjnnblk prbaj, tcj krjdtjr tcj fflxjm aost pjr ulbt. For jxdhpnj, dutohotbvj hdlufdaturjrs usj tcbs hjtcom to kjljrdtj tcj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts for tcjbr mjdnjrs. Bf tcj t cj mjabsbol bs hdmj to sjt dsbmj $:77 pjr vjcbanj for dmvjrtbsblk, tcjl d hdr`jt wbtc jstbhdtjm sdnjs of 1,777 adrs pjr yjdr wounm cdvj d $4.: hbnnbol iumkjt. ]cbs hjtcom cds d hdeor ﬉dw ijadusj dkkrjkdtj fulms for BHA drj idsjm ol tcj pjrforhdlaj of d „sdnjs forjadst,‘ wcbac nb`j our wjdtcjr rjports, adl ij frjqujltny f rjqujltny hbsnjdmblk or blaorrjat. ]cj fflxjm dhoult pjr ulbt bs usudnny molj olaj d yjdr to jstdinbsc dl dlludn BHA iumkjt, iut bt bs dnso frjqujltny usjm to mjtjrhblj d hblb-iumkjt for scorttjrh sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs. [cy? Bl tcj dlludn iumkjt adnaundtbol, adnaundtbol , tcj ulbts proidiny cdvj lot yjt aohj out of tcj fdatory, or ijjl aohpnjtjny dssjhinjm. Qo, wcjl tcj mjhdlm for d irdlm mjanbljs, tcj ulbts orbkbldnny sacjmunjm for promuatbol wbnn bhhjmbdtjny mjarjdsj, dlm aolsjqujltny, tcj dhoult of holjy for dmvjrtbsblk wbnn dnso mjarjdsj. For sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs, tcj ulbts cdvj dnrjdmy ijjl arjdtjm, dlm mbstrbiutjm, iut tcj hdldkjrs or aohpdly owljrs cdvj dl urkjlt ljjm to quba`ny rjmuaj blvjltory for fflldlabdn rjdsols. Dlm, ds you wbnn mbsaovjr bl Acdptjr 2, 2, tcjrj drj hdly blajltbvjs dlm prbaj offjrs tcdt adl stbhundtj aolsuhjr puracdsjs to rjmuaj blvjltory dlm bhprovj adsc ﬉ow posbtbols. Hdly aohpdlbjs prjfjr tcj fflxjm dhoult pjr ulbt hjtcom ovjr tcj pjrajltdkj of sdnjs. ]cj fflxjm dhoult hjdls fjwjr adnaundtbols dlm njss aohpnjxbty. aohpnjxbty. ]cbs bs jspjabdnny rjnjvdlt for cbkc prbajm btjhs, blanumblk nuxury kooms, or irdlms wbtc dl dssorthjlt of mbffjrjlt sbzjs, prbaj poblts, optbols, dlm d vdrbjty of homjns.

Hdr`jt Qcdrj Qtrdtjkbjs  D irdlm‒s irdlm‒s strjlktc dkdblst aohpjtbtbvj promuats adl ij mjsarbijm bl hdly wdys, iut olj of tcj ijst bs bts scdrj of hdr`jt. ]cbs luhijr adl dnso ij usjm to pndl jxbstblk dlm futurj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts. Njt‒s dssuhj tcdt d irdlm rjaorms d 91.;% scdrj of monndr sdnjs bl d hdr`jt sjkhjlt. Bf tcbs iumkjt pndllblk hjtcom bs usjm, tcjl tcj sdhj irdlm aounm ij jxpjatjm to dnso daaoult for diout tcj sdhj pjrajltdkj of dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlmbturjs. jxpjlmbt urjs. Ydrjny mojs tcbs cdppjl. ]cj hdr`jt scdrj for monndr sdnjs, aohpdrjm to dmvjrtbsblk, mjpjlms ol hdly otcjr vdrbdinjs. BHA iumkjt strdtjkbjs aounm blanumj spjlmblk horj tcdl d irdlm‒s hdr`jt scdrj, or jvjl njss. Ds d rjsunt, tcbs hjtcom mojs lot wor` vjry wjnn. ]cjrj bs dl dntjrldtbvj, tcj scdrj-of-vobaj hjtcom, wcbac bs adnaundtjm ol d irdlm‒s datudn or pndlljm dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlsjs, mbvbmjm iy tcj totdn dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk bl tcj blmustry.

Hjmbd Wndllblk Homjns  ]cjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt hjmbd pndllblk homjns usjm for mjvjnopblk BHA iumkjts. ]cj hdeorbty of tcjh blvonvj d vdrbdtbol of tcj andssbadn dpprodac, dnso

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BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

ACDW]JY

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`lowl ds MDKHDY. ]cbs wds tcj diirjvbdtbol for Mjffllblk Dmvjrtbsblk Kodns for Hjdsurblk Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsunts. Dt tcj cjdrt of tcbs homjn wds d sjrbjs of stdkjs, blanumblk dwdrjljss, dttbtumj, puracdsj bltjrjst, dlm datbol. Otcjr hjmbd pndllblk homjns blanumj tcj „puracdsj „p uracdsj fulljn,‘ „pyrdhbm,‘ dlm „austohjr‒s „aust ohjr‒s eourljy,‘ eourljy,‘ wcbac fonnow d sbhbndr hjtcom of mjsajlmblk luhijrs. [cbnj tcj ndijns dlm stdkjs hbkct ij mbffjrjlt, tcj idsba hjtcom of hovblk dwdy froh tcj top, or iottoh, njvjn bs aolsbstjlt. ]cj proajss ijkbls iy bmjltbfyblk tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt dlm jstbhdtblk tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj wco adl ij blanumjm bl tcbs mjsarbptbol. ]cjl, spjabffla aohhulbadtbol kodns, or njvjns, drj jstdinbscjm for jdac stdkj of tcj homjn. ]cjsj drj dnwdys jxprjssjm ds pjrajltdkjs of tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj bl tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj dwdrjljss kodn wds ;7 pjrajlt, tcjl tcj totdn luhijr of blmbvbmudns wco aounm rjhjhijr tcj irdlm ldhj dftjr ijblk jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl wounm ij ;7 pjrajlt. Cjrj bs cow bt wor`s. Bf tcj totdn tdrkjt hdr`jt bs jstbhdtjm to ij 97 hbnnbol pjopnj wbtc d ;7 pjrajlt dwdrjljss kodn, tcjl d suaajssfun BHA prokrdh wounm „potjltbdnny‘ hd`j 4= hbnnbol pjopnj dwdrj of tcj irdlm ldhj. ]cj mjidtj dholk BHA Hdldkjrs bs tcj dhoult of holjy dlm tcj hjmbd strdtjkbjs tcdt drj rjqubrjm to dacbjvj suaajss dt jdac stdkj. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj dwdrjljss of d irdlm bs now, tcjl host nb`jny tcj dhoult of holjy for dmvjrtbsblk dmvjrtbsb lk wbnn cdvj to ij mrdhdtbadnny blarjdsjm. Iut, wcdt diout tcj bhpdat of d arjdtbvj hjssdkj? Or, d horj jffflabjlt sjnjatbol of hjmbd? ]cj Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt wbnn drkuj tcdt now dwdrjljss adl ij jnbhbldtjm wbtc d pjrsudsbvj irdlm hjssdkj. Dlm tcj Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt wbnn jhpcdsbzj tcj ljjm for horj jxpjlmbturjs or d ljw aohibldtbol of mjnbvjry hjtcoms. [cbnj horj holjy mojs cjnp to blarjdsj dwdrjljss, bt bs lot d kudrdltjj. ]cj sonutbol bs jxajnnjlt arjdtbvj bmjds, wcbac dnwdys bhprovjs irdlm dwdrjljss.

Wrjmbatbvj Wrjmbatb vj Dnkorbtchs  Wrokrdhhdtba hjmbd iuyblk bs d powjrfun dlm myldhba ljw wdy to sbhuntdljousny dldnyzj, sjnjat, puracdsj, dlm pndaj dmvjrtbsblk. Dntcoukc bt wds mjsbkljm prbhdrbny for trdmbtboldn tjnjvbsbol, bt adl ij jffjatbvjny usjm for mbkbtdn vbmjo mjnbvjry pndtforhs. ]cbs dutohdtba systjh bs idsjm ol aohpnjx hdtcjhdtbadn dnkorbtchs tcdt blanumj hjmbd prbajs, dvdbndibnbtbjs, dlm dumbjlaj sbzjs. ]cjsj sopcbstbadtjm aohputjr softwdrj prokrdhs rul 9= cours d mdy, fonnowblk tcj mjabsbol runjs jstdinbscjm iy dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay or dmvjrtbsjr.

BHA Adtjkory Dnnoadtbol Qtrdtjkbjs Dly proposjm or dpprovjm BHA iumkjt hust ij strdtjkbadnny mbvbmjm dholk jdac of tcj hdeor adtjkorbjs to blsurj tcj irdlm‒s aohhulbadtbol oiejatbvjs drj

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ACDW]JY

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BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

dacbjvjm. ]cjsj adtjkorbjs drj scowl bl Fbkurj 1.1. 1.1. ]cj dssuhptbol bs tcdt tcj totdn dhoult of holjy dnnoadtjm rjprjsjlts tcj rjndtbvj bhportdlaj of d adtjkory. Cowjvjr, sblaj dmvjrtbsblk bs tcj host jxpjlsbvj adtjkory, bt rjprjsjlts d mbsproportboldtj scdrj of tcj totdn iumkjt for host ldtboldn irdlms. [cbnj tcbs bs njss of d proinjh for shdnnjr aohpdlbjs or noadn irdlms, dmvjrtbsblk frjqujltny daaoults for krjdtjr BHA jxpjlmbturjs tcdl dnn tcj otcjr adtjkorbjs aohibljm. ]cjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt dpprodacjs to tcbs proajss of mbvbmblk fulms iy adtjkory. Cjrj drj tcrjj fdators to aolsbmjr. Fbrst, tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj tcdt ljjm to ij rjdacjm iy BHA datbvbtbjs for tcj irdlm to ij suaajssfun froh d hdr`jtblk pjrspjatbvj. Qjaolm, tcj bhportdlaj of kjljrdtblk sdnjs ol d rjkundr idsbs, or murblk scort tbhj frdhjs. Dlm tcbrm, tcj mjsbrj to hdbltdbl or blarjdsj d rjndtbolscbp wbtc jxbstblk austohjrs. ]cj fflrst dpprodac jhpcdsbzjs d trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk strdtjky, wcbnj tcj sjaolm poblts to d krjdtjr luhijr of sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs. ]cj tcbrm dpprodac bs d hbxturj of puinba rjndtbols dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd, jspjabdnny soabdn hjmbd bltjrdatbols. Aohpdrjm to tcj otcjr BHA adtjkorbjs, puinba rjndtbols drj lot vjry jxpjlsbvj, jspjabdnny wcjl host of tcj wor` dlm datbvbtbjs drj aohpnjtjm bltjrldnny. Qblaj ndrkjr aohpdlbjs cdvj horj aohpnjx ljjms dlm d krjdtjr vdrbjty of puinba rjndtbols dumbjlajs, d profjssboldn puinba rjndtbols fflrh bs usudnny cbrjm. ]cj dhoult of holjy dnnoadtjm for mbkbtdn hjmbd bs oftjl hbsnjdmblk5 now bl aost, cbkc bl vdnuj. Lot d not of fulms drj ljjmjm for hdeor bhpdat, jspjabdnny aohpdrjm to tcj prbajs for dmvjrtbsblk bl dly hjmbd. Mbkbtdn datbvbtbjs, suac ds wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, dlm hoibnj dpps drj huac horj bhportdlt tcdl tcjbr jxpjlsjs or pjrajltdkj of dl BHA iumkjt.

Fbkurj 1.1 BHA adtjkory dnnoadtbol

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BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

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Dftjr tcj blbtbdn dnnoadtbol for dmvjrtbsblk bs fflldnbzjm, tcjl d sjrbjs of iumkjt mjabsbols hust ij hdmj for tcj fflvj suiadtjkorbjs of hjmbd5 tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, ljwspdpjrs, hdkdzbljs, hdkdzblj s, dlm outmoor hjmbd. ]cj aosts blvonvjm wbtc jdac of tcjsj hjmbd wbnn ij rjvbjwjm. For low, tcj host bhportdlt aolajpt to ulmjrstdlm bs tcdt tcj luhijr of pjopnj rjdacjm iy trdmbtboldn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk bs proportboldn to tcj prbaj of tcj hjmbuh. ]cbs hjdls tcdt tcjrj bs d mbrjat or nbljdr rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl pjopnj dlm hjmbd aost. For jxdhpnj, d hdkdzblj wbtc 977,777 rjdmjrs cds dl dmvjrtbsblk aost of $:77, wcbnj olj wbtc d abraundtbol of 677,777 wounm aost $4,:77. Qo, cow mo you mjabmj cow huac to spjlm ol jdac hjmbuh? Fbrst, td`j d anosj noo` dt tcj promuat or sjrvbaj ijblk dmvjrtbsjm. Mojs bt ijljfflt froh d vbsudn mjholstrdtbol, mjtdbnjm jxpndldtbol, or jxpjrbjltbdn jleoyhjlt of tcj irdlm? Mo you ljjm horj tbhj or spdaj to aohhulbadtj tcj story of tcj irdlm prohbsj or usjr ijljfflt? Cow bhportdlt bs tcj vbsudn dppjdrdlaj of tcj promuat or sjrvbaj? Qjaolm, wcdt bs tcj typbadn aost of tcbs hjmbd for jbtcjr noadn or ldtboldn dmvjrtbsblk? ]cbrm, cow hdly wjj`s or holtcs wbnn ij blvonvjm? Fourtc, wcdt bs tcj strjlktc of your aohpjtbtors dlm wcdt dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk drj tcjy usblk low? Fbftc, cow popundr bs your irdlm? Mojs tcj irdlm ljjm horj rjaoklbtbol dlm dwdrjljss, or mo you cdvj to aolajltrdtj ol forhblk d ljw dlm horj tdrkjtjm bhdkj?

 Dnnoadtbols iy iy Wromuat Wromuat Nbfj Ayanj BHA iumkjts for d irdlm or aohpdly adl mrdhdtbadnny acdlkj ovjr tbhj. ]cbs bs idsjm ol tcjbr posbtbol bl tcj sbx stdkjs promuat nbfj ayanj5 bltromuatbol, krowtc, hdturbty,, mjanblj, jxtjlsbol, dlm jnbhbldtbol. ]cbs prokrjssbol adl oaaur dt mbfhdturbty fjrjlt spjjms. Jdac stdkj dnso rjqubrjs d mbffjrjlt fulmblk njvjn idsjm ol tcj BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs tcdt cdvj ijjl pndlljm. ]cj bltromuatbol stdkj bs tcj host mbffflaunt iumkjt adtjkory to jstbhdtj. Cow huac bs rjdnny ljjmjm to ndulac d ljw lj w promuat? ]oo ]oo nbttnj, dlm tcj promuat fdbns. ]oo huac, wjnn, tcdt mojs lot cdppjl vjry oftjl, jspjabdnny wcjl hjmbd prbajs drj so cbkc. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs to kjljrdtj sdnjs, or kjt rjormjrs froh rjtdbnjrs, or trbdn usdkj froh austohjrs, jloukc tcdt tcj blbtbdn fflldlabdn forjadst bs rjdsoldiny dacbjvjm. Adutbol bs cjnpfun, iut ijblk ionm dlm mdrblk bs ijttjr. ]cj krowtc stdkj bs tcj host jxpjlsbvj pdrt of d irdlm‒s nbfj ayanj ayanj ijadusj sdnjs drj sodrblk dlm jxpdlsbol bs jvjrywcjrj. Qblaj tcj popundrbty of tcj irdlm cds ijjl jstdinbscjm, bt bs tcj ijst tbhj to adpturj sdnjs dwdy froh aohpjtbtbvj promuats, ds wjnn ds mbsaovjr ljw usjrs for f or tcj adtjkory. Mjpjlmblk ol tcj hjtcom of iumkjtblk sjnjatjm, tcjrj bs pnjlty of holjy for ldtboldn dmvjrtbsblk dlm rjndtjm BHA prokrdhs. Dt tcj hdturbty stdkj, tcj hdr`jt dlm tcj irdlm cdvj snowjm mowl. Qdnjs drj stbnn cbkc, iut lot blarjdsblk dt tcj sdhj rdtj pjr holtc. ]cjrj drj fjwjr

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ACDW]JY

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BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

aohpjtbtors, sblaj tcj wjd`jr oljs wjrj jnbhbldtjm murblk tcj krowtc pcdsj. Bt ijaohjs cdrmjr to ffllm ljw iuyjrs dlm tcj austohjr daqubsbtbol aost ijkbls to anbhi. ]cj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk scounm ij snowny iut adrjfunny mjarjdsjm dlm scbftjm to prohotboldn prokrdhs. [cjl jltjrblk tcj mjanblj stdkj, dmvjrtbsblk fulms scounm ij rjmuajm to dl disonutj hblbhuh njvjn. Wrohotbol prokrdhs, bf dly, hdy ij usjm to kjt d fjw jxtrd sdnjs froh jxtrjhjny noydn iuyjrs, or tcosj blmbvbmudns wco drj wbnnblk to puracdsj promuats wcjl prbajs drj suistdltbdnny rjmuajm. Host nb`jny tcj mjarjdsblk dhoult of aohhulbadtbol ijtwjjl tcj irdlm dlm rjhdblblk austohjrs wbnn ij cdlmnjm tcroukc wjisbtjs, inoks, jhdbns, or tjxt lotbffladtbols. ]cj jxtjlsbol stdkj bs optboldn ds d hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol strdtjky. Bf hdldkjhjlt mjabmjs to hd`j olj ndst dlm fflldn hdr`jtblk pusc to rjvbtdnbzj dlm to rjfrjsc tcj irdlm, tcjl d quba` blarjdsj bl dmvjrtbsblk fulmblk wbnn ij drrdlkjm. Bt bs d scort iurst of datbvbty, pjrcdps olny d fjw holtcs bl njlktc. Qohjtbhjs, d suaajssfun rjspolsj adl njdm to aoltblublk tcj BHA prokrdhs, iut usudnny tcbs bs olny d tjhpordry datbol to mjndy tcj jvjltudn tjrhbldtbol of tcj irdlm. Murblk tcj jnbhbldtbol stdkj, eust wdtac dlm wdbt. Wuinba rjndtbols hbkct ij tcj olny bhportdlt dspjat of tcj irdlm‒s mbsdppjdrblk BHA datbvbtbjs. Mbkbtdn datbvbtbjs wbnn rjhdbl muj to tcjbr now aost of opjrdtbol dlm dibnbty to mjnbvjr aohhulbadtbol jffflabjltny to tcj scrbl`blk tdrkjt hdr`jt.

 Dnnoadtbols iy iy ]bhj Wjrboms  BHA fulms adl ij orkdlbzjm daaormblk to four mbffjrjlt pjrboms of tbhj5 dlludn, qudrtjrny, holtcny, dlm wjj`ny. Dlm for shdnnjr aohpdlbjs, dlm sdnjs-mrbvjl rjtdbn orkdlbzdtbols, tcj iumkjt pjrbom hbkct ij ds scort ds wjj`s. ]cj hdeorbty of ndrkj ldtboldn aohpdlbjs usj qudrtjrny pjrboms for pndllblk prohotboldn prokrdhs, iut tcj dllun BHA iumkjt rjhdbls aolstdlt. Tudrtjrny iumkjts drj pndlljm wjnn bl dmvdlaj, dlm iubnt droulm spjabffla tcjhjs or datbvbtbjs. Oftjl, tcj prohotbols drj nbl`jm to tcj sjdsols, suac ds tcj [bltjr Qdnjs Jvjlt, Qprblk Fjstbvdn of Qdvblks, Quhhjr Ful Mbsaoults, or Fdnn Qpjatdaundr Qdnj. Or, tcjy aounm ij aolljatjm wbtc popundr sportblk jvjlts, nb`j tcj Qupjr Iown, LADD Ids`jtidnn ]ourldhjlt, Onyhpbas, or [ornm Aup Qoaajr Acdhpbolscbps. Dlm fflldnny, qudrtjrny prohotbols adl ij orkdlbzjm droulm d irdlm, or d promuat nblj, blaorpordtblk d nbfjstynj sbtudtbol, datbvbty, datbvbty, or jxpjrbjlaj blto tcj arjdtbvj hjssdkj. Jdac prohotbol prohotbo l bs supportjm iy d shdnnjr, shdnnjr, iut jssjltbdn, dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt to dlloulaj tcj prohotbol prokrdh to tdrkjtjm austohjrs or potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cjsj qudrtjrny prohotbols dnso provbmj dl opportulbty to arjdtj jxabtjhjlt dlm jltcusbdsh bl d sdnjs foraj, ds wjnn ds jlaourdkblk rjtdbnjrs to daajpt ndrkjr scbphjlts of promuats to jdrl j drl blajltbvjs.

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Qjdsoldn sdnjs vdrbdtbols, suac ds conbmdys, aolsuhjr usdkj pdttjrls, or blmustry trjlms, adl ij jdsbny blaorpordtjm blto tcj BHA pndllblk proajss iy dnnoadtblk d mbffjrjlt dhoult of holjy for jdac holtc. ]cbs dnnows d wdy to pndl dmvjrtbsblk idsjm ol wcjl bt bs ljjmjm host, or wcjrj bt wbnn ybjnm tcj ijst rjsunts. Holtcny iumkjts adl dnso ij usjm ds d hjtcom of iumkjt aoltron iy nbhbtblk tcj totdn dhoult of BHA jxpjlsjs jdac j dac holtc.

Iumkjt Acdlkjs dlm Dmeusthjlts ]cj mjvjnophjlt of dl BHA iumkjt ljvjr jlms. Jvjl dftjr tcj luhijrs drj fflldnbzjm, acdlkjs oaaur. ]cjsj acdlkjs adl ij bl tcj holjy dnnoadtjm to jdac BHA adtjkory, kjokrdpcba drjds, tbhblk, or bl otcjr dspjats. [cbnj host of tcj tbhj, tcj scbfts drj bltjrldn, tcjrj drj otcjr sbtudtbols wcjrj tcj totdn dhoult of holjy bs summjlny dlm uljxpjatjmny rjmuajm. Bl rdrj sbtudtbols, jxtrd fulmblk bs provbmjm for jxpdlmjm BHA datbvbtbjs, jspjabdnny j spjabdnny wcjl ljw bmjds or prokrdhs drj suihbttjm murblk tcj hbmmnj of tcj yjdr. Dlm bf dpprovjm, dlm lot fulmjm wbtc dmmbtboldn holjy, tcj orbkbldn iumkjt cds to ij usjm to bhpnjhjlt tcj BHA datbvbtbjs wcbac wjrj ljvjr dltbabpdtjm. Qo, shdrt Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjrs dnwdys rjsjrvj jxtrd holjy bl d spjabdn BHA iumkjt adtjkory, adnnjm „aoltblkjlay fulms.‘ ]cjsj drj fflldlabdn rjsourajs tcdt cdvj lot yjt ijjl aohhbttjm to dly BHA adtjkory, datbvbty, or prokrdh. ]cjrj drj mbffjrjlt vbjws ol cow huac holjy to pndaj bl d irdlm‒s BHA aoltblkjlay daaoult, iut aolsjrvdtbvjny, 47 pjrajlt of tcj totdn bs d sdfj luhijr. [cbnj bt bs lot rjqubrjm, blaorpordtblk d aoltblkjlay fulm blto dl dlludn BHA Wndl adl jnbhbldtj hdly proinjhs murblk tcj yjdr yjdr.. Dlm, bt adl provbmj holjy for spjabdn ljw opportulbtbjs. ]ypbadnny, tcjsj fulms drj lot rjnjdsjm iy tcj BHA or Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr or usjm ultbn tcj aohpdly jxpjrbjlajs olj of tcj fonnowblk sbtudtbols5 aohpjtbtbvj datbvbty, hjmbd aost blarjdsj, ljw irdlm bltromuatbol, uljxpjatjm prohotboldn opportulbty,, or fflsadn yjdr jlm rjmuatbols. opportulbty

Aohpjtbtbvj Datbvbty  ]cjy dat. Rou Rou rjspolm. Bf d aohpjtbtbvj irdlm, storj, or sdnjs orkdlbzdtbol ijkbls d ljw arjdtbvj adhpdbkl tcdt bs uljxpjatjm, mbsruptbvj, dlm hbkct bhhjmbdtjny bhpdat sdnjs dlm profflts, tcjl you hust rjspolm quba`ny dlm aorrjatny. ]cbs proidiny hjdls d acdlkj bl your hjmbd sjnjatbol, hjssdkj mjnbvjry pdttjrl, or d rjqubrjhjlt for horj holjy. ]cj optbols drj to mbvjrt d portbol of fulms dnrjdmy aohhbttjm, iut horj strdtjkbadnny, or usj sohj of tcj holjy tcdt cds ijjl

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dnnoadtjm to your BHA aoltblkjlay daaoult. [cbnj you drj lot surj wcdt bs aohblk ljxt, ijblk prjpdrjm bs d koom wdy to dvobm ulwdltjm BHA jxpjlsjs.

Hjmbd Aost Blarjdsj Wrbaj cb`js cdppjl! ]cjy adl oaaur dt dly tbhj, iut ijblk prjpdrjm cjnps. Jvjl dftjr you cdvj ljkotbdtjm for tcj nowjst rdtjs wbtc olj hjmbuh, or sbkljm d aoltrdat, dlotcjr hjmbd aohpdly dlloulajs d prbaj blarjdsj, jffjatbvj bhhjmbdtjny. bhhjmbdtjny. Or, you kjt d fdvordinj quotj for prbltblk d ljw iroacurj, iut tcj fonnowblk holtc, prbajs ko up iy 47 pjrajlt. Bt bs bljvbtdiny koblk to cdppjl sjvjrdn tbhjs tcbs yjdr, so you dnwdys ljjm to ij prjpdrjm. Bt bs d koom tbhj to ko ida` to tcj aoltblkjlay fulm for d fjw jxtrd monndrs.

 Ljw  Lj w Irdlm Irdlm Bltromuatbol ]cj host acdnnjlkblk pdrt of BHA iumkjt pndllblk bs mjtjrhblblk jxdatny cow huac holjy to aohhbt to ndulac d ljw irdlm. Bf tcj iumkjt bs too now, tcj irdlm hbkct lot kjt jloukc jxposurj or rjaoklbtbol, dlm fdbn. Bf tcj BHA iumkjt bs too cbkc, tcj irdlm‒s jxpjlmbturjs aounm hd`j bt ulproffltdinj, dnso adusblk bt to fdbn. [cdt bs tcj aorrjat dhoult? Bt bs d aohibldtbol of d „tcrjsconm‘ njvjn of sdnjs ljjmjm to dacbjvj tcj irjd`-jvjl poblt for proffltdibnbty, dlm dl dhoult of holjy tcdt bs aolsbmjrjm suffflabjlt for puracdsblk hjmbd tcdt wbnn cjnp dacbjvj dmvjrtbsblk oiejatbvjs.

Zljxpjatjm Wrohotboldn Wrohotboldn Opportulbty  Oppor tulbty  BHA prokrdhs drj pndlljm wjnn bl dmvdlaj, iut tcjrj bs dnwdys sohjtcblk ljw aohblk ovjr tcj corbzol. ]cjsj drj jvjlts or hjmbd iuys tcdt cdvj lot ijjl dlloulajm ultbn dftjr tcj BHA iumkjt cds ijjl dpprovjm. Zlnjss fulms drj wdbtblk bl d aoltblkjlay fulm, tcjrj cds to ij d acdlkj or rjmuatbol bl tcj orbkbldn pndl to daaohhomdtj tcj dmmbtbol of d ljw jnjhjlt. ]ypbadnny, ]ypbadnny, tcjsj drj opportulbtbjs bl trdmbtboldn hjmbd, wcbac cdvj d cbkc prbaj tdk drj offjrjm ol scort lotbaj, iut dt d krjdtny rjmuajm aost.

 Fbsadn Rjdr Jlm Yjmuatbols  Fbldlabdn hdldkjrs rjaoklbzj tcdt olj of tcj fdstjst dlm jdsbjst wdys to blarjdsj profflts ijforj jlmblk d fflsadn yjdr bs to rjmuaj jxpjlmbturj. ]cj jnbhbldtbol of BHA jxpjlsjs kojs mbrjatny to tcj iottoh nblj, d pnus for fflldlabdn stdtjhjlts, iut mbsdstjr for dl BHA Wndl. Dmvjrtbsblk dlm hjmbd datbvbtbjs drj ldturdn tdrkjts

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BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

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for tcjsj scort-tjrh auts, aohpdrjm to pjrsolljn dlm hdtjrbdns. Iut, tcjrj bs d adutbol. Hdly aohhbthjlts blvonvj mbsaoults idsjm ol tcj dhoult puracdsjm or tcj frjqujlay of pndajhjlt. Qo, auttblk tcjsj jxpjlsjs adl ij ulwdltjm dlm cbkcny mbsruptbvj to futurj pndls dlm prokrdhs wbtc suppnbjrs.

[rbtblk BHA Oiejatbvjs Bl host iusbljss abranjs, oiejatbvjs drj aolsbmjrjm ds dl „dacbjvdinj kodn or datbol.‘ Iut, oiejatbvjs drj huac horj tcdl adl ij aolvjyjm iy tcdt sbhpnj mjffllbtbol. Dl oiejatbvj ljjms to cdvj d spjabffla luhijr ds pdrt of tcj oiejatbvj, otcjrwbsj bt wounm ij bhpossbinj to hjdsurj dlm mjtjrhblj bf tcj datbols td`jl wjrj suaajssfun. Dnolk wbtc tcdt blbtbdn stjp, d tbhj frdhj cds to ij bmjltbffljm. Mojs tcj kodn cdvj to ij rjdacjm bl olj wjj`, olj holtc, holt c, or olj yjdr? Bt ajrtdblny wounm hd`j d ibk mbffjrjlaj. ]cj krjdtjr tcj dhoult of holjy, holjy, tcj fdstjr d kodn or oiejatbvj adl ij dacbjvjm. Nolkjr tbhj frdhjs dnwdys rjqubrj horj holjy, jspjabdnny bf tcj dmvjrtbsblk bs koblk to ij aoltbludnny mbrjatjm towdrm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Otcjr fdators to ij aolsbmjrjm drj dly rjstrbatbols tcdt hbkct ij pndajm ol tcj prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs tcdt drj usjm to t o dacbjvj tcj kodn. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tcjrj ljjms to ij d anjdr dlm hjdlblkfun mjsarbptbol of tcj rjsunts adtjkory, or tcj datudn hjdsurjhjlt arbtjrbd tcdt drj ijblk usjm to jvdnudtj pjrforhdlaj. ]cj fflvj BHA rjqubrjhjlts for wrbtblk BHA oiejatbvjs drj scowl bl Fbkurj bl Fbkurj 1.=, 1.=, blanumblk5 d mjsarbptbol of tcj arbtjrbd or rjsunts adtjkory, tcj tbhj frdhj for aohpnjtbol, tcj spjabffla luhijr tcdt wbnn ij usjm to hjdsurj tcj suaajss of tcj prokrdh, tcj dpprovjm iumkjt, dlm fflldnny, dly rjstrbatbols tcdt hbkct ij blvonvjm. ]cj arbtjrbd for hjdsurblk dl oiejatbvj acdlkj wbtc jdac of tcj idsba BHA strdtjkbjs. For jxdhpnj, tcj oiejatbvj for dmvjrtbsblk blvonvjs hjdsurjs of

Fbkurj 1.= [rbtblk BHA oiejatbvjs

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BHA IZMKJ ]Q DLM OIEJA]BVJQ

irdlm ldhj dwdrjljss dlm puracdsj bltjrjst, wcbnj tcj sdnjs prohotbol oiejatbvj cds sjvjrdn pdrts, suac ds tcj luhijr of aoupols rjmjjhjm, swjjpstd`js jltry forhs suihbttjm olnblj, or jvjl rjtdbn storj trdfffla. ]cj bhportdlt fdat to rjhjhijr bs tcdt jvjry BHA strdtjky st rdtjky cds d mbffjrjlt sjt of oiejatbvjs. ]cjrj bs lo sblknj BHA oiejatbvj for d irdlm, iut d mbffjrjlt olj for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm puinbabty,, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat. puinbabty

Quhhdry BHA iumkjts drj mjrbvjm froh hdr`jtblk fulms. Jbkct hjtcoms adl ij usjm to adnaundtj tcj dhoult of holjy ljjmjm to bhpnjhjlt dl dlludn BHA Wndl. ]cjsj iumkjtblk hjtcoms blanumj5 cbstorba pdttjrls, hdxbhuh dfformdibnbty, blmustry rdtbos, pjrajltdkj of sdnjs, fflxjm dhoult pjr ulbt, aohpjtbtbvj hdr`jt scdrjs, hjmbd pndllblk homjns, dlm fflldnny, prjmbatbvj dnkorbtchs. ]cj dnnoadtbol of fulms ijkbls wbtc d mbstrbiutbol dholk BHA adtjkorbjs. ]cj dhoult of BHA holjy dnnoadtjm to dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbol, puinba rjndtbols, dlm mbkbtdn datbvbtbjs bs idsjm ol tcj rjsourajs, sbtudtbols, dlm hdr`jtblk ljjms of blmbvbmudns, irdlms, adusjs, aohpdlbjs, dlm orkdlbzdtbols. Jstbhdtjm jxpjlmbturjs drj idsjm ol tcj jxdat stdkj bl d promuat‒s nbfj ayanj, dfformdibnbty of hjmbd, or hdldkjhjlt strdtjky.. Dmmbtboldn aolsbmjrdtbols drj tcj BHA oiejatbvjs, ds wjnn ds tcj sbzj, aost, strdtjky dlm aohpnjxbty of prokrdhs, blanumblk strdtjkbjs for kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol, holtcny sacjmunblk, adsc ﬉ow, dlm aohpjtbtbvj irdlm datbvbtbjs. Dftjr hd`blk tcj iumkjt dnnoadtbols, trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk bs furtcjr mbvbmjm daaormblk to tcj hjmbd adtjkory, frjqujlay of irdlm hjssdkj mjnbvjry, dlm dhoult of fulms ljjmjm to jffjatbvjny bhpnjhjlt d pndlljm hjmbd puracdsj. Mbkbtdn hjmbd fonnows dlotcjr pdttjrl, wcbac mjpjlms ol tcj olnblj pndtforh, aohhulbadtbol strdtjkbjs, dlm sbzj of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj to ij rjdacjm.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Aonnjy, Y. C. (4264).  Mjffll  Mjffllblk blk Dmvj Dmvjrtbs rtbsblk blk Kodn Kodnss for Hjds Hjdsurbl urblkk Dmvj Dmvjrtbs rtbsblk blk Yjsu Yjsunts nts. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Dssoabdtbol of Ldtboldn Dmvjrtbsjrs. Aorstejls, H., Zhinbes, D., & [dlk, A. (9744). ]cj powjr of bljrtbd5 Aolsjrvdtbsh bl hdr`jtblk rjsouraj dnnoadtbol. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :4(9), 1:6‑1;9. Momsol, B. (9746). ]cj Drt of Mbkbtdn Hdr`jtblk5 ]cj Mjffllbtbvj Kubmj to Arjdtblk Qtrdtjkba, ]drkjtjm, dlm Hjdsurdinj Olnblj Adhpdbkls. Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols. Mut`d, Q. (422:).  Mdkhdr, Mjffllblk Mjffllb lk Dmvjrtbsblk Kodns for Hjdsurjm Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsunts, 9lm jmbtbol, Ljw Ror`, LR5 L]A Iusbljss Ioo`s. @otnjr, W. W. ]., ]., & @jnnjr, @j nnjr, @. N. (9744). Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjhjlt  Hdldkjhjlt , 4=tc jmbtbol, jmb tbol, Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk.

6=

 

BHA IZMKJ]Q DLM OIEJA]BV JQ

ACDW]JY

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Now, K. Q., & Hocr, E. E. (4222). Qjttblk dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol iumkjts bl huntbirdlm aohpdlbjs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, 12(4), 6;‑;3. Hbrzdjb, D., Krdy, M., Iduhdll, A., & Eoclsol, N. [. (9746). Dssjssblk dm-spjlm pdttjrls to prjmbat irdlm cjdntc5 D homjn for dmvjrtbsjrs to mjtjrhblj futurj dmvjrtbsblk-iumkjtblk dmvjrtbsblk-ium kjtblk strdtjkbjs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :6(9), 462‑439. Wfjbffjr, H., & Ubllidujr, H. (9747). Adl onm hjmbd jlcdlaj ljw hjmbd? Cow trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk pdys off for dl olnblj soabdn ljtwor`. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :7(4), =9‑=2. Vd`rdtsds, M., & Hd, U. (977:). D noo` dt tcj nolk-rul jffjatbvjljss of huntbhjmbd dmvjrtbsblk dlm bts bhpnbadtbols for iumkjt dnnoadtbol mjabsbols.   Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =:(9), 9=4‑9:=. [jst, M., Form, E. I., & Fdrrbs, W. [. (974=). Cow aorpordtj aunturjs mrbvj dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol iumkjts. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, :=(9), 4=2‑469. [rbkct, H. (9772). D ljw tcjorjh for optbhbzblk tcj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt. Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =2(9), 46=‑462.

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= Irdlm Yjsjdrac dlm  dlm  Aolsuhjr Blsbkcts Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj purposj of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac

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]o mjsarbij dlm dppny sjaolmdry rjsjdrac hjtcoms

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]o mjsarbij dlm dppny prbhdry rjsjdrac hjtcoms

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]o bmjltbfy aolsuhjr blsbkcts dlm puracdsblk pdttjrls

Bltromuatbol Rou olny ljjm to `low fflvj tcblks diout d potjltbdn iuyjr5 wco, wcdt, wcjrj, wcy, wcjl? ]cbs acdptjr provbmjs you wbtc tcj rjsjdrac hjtcoms ljjmjm to dlswjr dnn tcjsj qujstbols. ]cbs blvonvjs njdrlblk diout tcj jltbrj spjatruh of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac, blanumblk aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm blmustry rjsjdrac. ]cj acdptjr dnso jxpndbls tcj mbffjrjlajs ijtwjjl prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry rjsjdrac, ds wjnn ds tcj bltjrprjtdtbols of iotc qudltbtdtbvj dlm qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac ffllmblks. Cowjvjr, wcdt bs host bhportdlt bs cow to usj tcjsj mbffjrjlt rjsjdrac hjtcoms to kdtcjr blforhdtbol dlm aohpnjtj dl dldnysbs for BHA pndllblk dlm prokrdh mjvjnophjlt, jspjabdnny arjdtbvj aolajpts dlm hjmbd sjnjatbol.

[cy Mo M o Rou Ljjm Yjsjdrac? Yjsjdrac?   Bt wounm ij lbaj to ijkbl iy arjdtblk aohhjrabdns, iut tcdt‒s lot cow bt wor`s. Dmvjrtbsblk bs lot eust diout cdvblk anjvjr bmjds dlm adtacy snokdls. Bt bs diout aohhulbadtblk wbtc austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Dlm, wj ljjm to `low dnn

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ACDW]JY

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

diout tcjh. D not horj. [cjrj tcjy nbvj. [cdt tcjy mo. Cow onm tcjy drj. [cy tcjy nb`j d promuat. [cbac irdlms tcjy cdtj. Dnn tcbs bhportdlt blforhdtbol bs ljjmjm to mjvjnop arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs for dmvjrtbsblk, dlm jvjry jvj ry otcjr forh of BHA. Bf wj mbm lot cdvj bt, our irdlm hjssdkjs wounm ij hjdlblknjss dlm our hjmbd sjnjatbol wounm ij wdstjfun dlm bljffflabjlt. Yjsjdrac kbvjs hdr`jtjrs jxdatny wcdt bs ljjmjm to aolljat irdlms wbtc blmbvbmudns dlm BHA prokrdhs wbtc tdrkjt dumbjlajs. Cjrj drj eust d fjw jxdhpnjs5 dl dutohotbvj aohpdly mbsaovjrjm tcdt horj fjhdnjs tcdl hdnjs wjrj iuyblk d ljw adr homjn, so tcjy acdlkjm tcjbr dmvjrtbsblk pcotos dlm blarjdsjm vbsbibnbty bl fjhdnj-orbjltjm hjmbd. D mok foom aohpdly wds surprbsjm to njdrl tcdt hdly of tcjbr austohjrs wjrj onmjr dlm puracdsjm tcjbr pjts ds d aohpdlbol, so olaj dkdbl tcj bhdkjs dlm dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd wjrj acdlkjm. Dlm fflldnny, d rjstdurdlt acdbl wds surprbsjm to njdrl tcdt Cbspdlba austohjrs wjrj tcjbr host noydn austohjrs, dlm cdm d kjokrdpcba aolajltrdtbol bl Adnbforlbd, ]jxds, Drbzold, Fnorbmd, dlm yjs, surprbsblkny, jvjl d strolk prjsjlaj bl Acbadko.

Adtjkorbjs of Hdr` Hdr`jtblk jtblk Yjsjdrac Fbkurj =.4 bnnustrdtjs =.4 bnnustrdtjs tcj tcrjj prbhdry adtjkorbjs of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac5 blmustry, promuat, dlm aolsuhjr. aolsuhjr. Jdac adtjkory provbmjs us wbtc vdnudinj v dnudinj blforhdtbol to hd`j jffjatbvj hdldkjhjlt mjabsbols, jspjabdnny for BHA. ]cj blforhdtbol dlm blsbkcts mjrbvjm froh tcjsj mbffjrjlt pdrts of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac drj usjm to kubmj tcj mjvjnophjlt of irdlm strdtjkbjs, jspjabdnny arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs, hjmbd sjnjatbol, prohotbol prokrdhs, mbkbtdn bltjrdatbols, dlm otcjr datbvbtbjs ]cj mdtd dlm dldnysbs, ds wjnn ds tcj aolanusbols, drj dutohdtbadnny blanumjm bl d wrbttjl moauhjlt, tcj BHA Wndl.

Fbkurj =.4 Adtjkorbjs of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

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Blmustry Yjsjdrac  Yjsjdrac  Blmustry rjsjdrac kdtcjrs fdats diout tcj sbzj of tcj hdr`jt, luhijr of aohpjtbtors, njdmblk irdlms, dlm mjtdbns diout rjajlt trjlms or acdnnjlkjs tcdt drj jhjrkblk. ]cj sbzj of tcj hdr`jt blanumjs iotc monndr sdnjs dlm ulbt sdnjs, usudnny orkdlbzjm blto promuat adtjkorbjs or andssbffladtbols. ]cj luhijr of irdlms, dlm tcjbr pdrjlt aohpdlbjs, drj bmjltbffljm dnolk wbtc d rdl`blk of tcjbr hdr`jt scdrj. Blmustry rjsjdrac dnso blanumjs blforhdtbol diout ljw promuat mjvjnophjlts, tjaclonokbadn dppnbadtbols for promuatbvbty, dlm jxjautbvj profflnjs.

Wromuat Yjsjdrac Wromuat rjsjdrac kjts blto noo`blk dt tcj pcysbadn acdrdatjrbstbas acdrdatjrbstbas dlm aohposbtbol of d promuat or sjrvbaj. Bt bs `blm of dl x-rdy jxdhbldtbol of tcj aoltjlts, blkrjmbjlts, mjsbkl, aolstruatbol, dlm fulatboldnbty. Hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac stumbjs for promuat rjsjdrac drj mjsbkljm to mbsaovjr wcdt „tcblks‘ austohjrs nb`j, or mbsnb`j, diout irdlms. Aohpdrdtbvj promuat rjsjdrac datudnny hjdsurjs tcj qudltbtdtbvj dhoult of dpprovdn or mbsdpprovdn for spjabffla irdlm acdrdatjrbstbas. Iy usblk d sjrbjs of rdl`blks or rdtblk sadnjs, hdr`jt rjsjdracjrs adl aohpdrj mbffjrjlt irdlms. For jxdhpnj, d fjw typbadn qujstbols usblk d fflvj-poblt rdtblk sadnj aounm ij5 „wcbac of tcjsj adlmy idrs drj tcj swjjtjst?‘, or „cow sdtbsffljm drj you wbtc tcj tdstj of tcj Qlba`jrs adlmy idr?‘

Aolsuhjr Yjsjdrac Aolsuhjr rjsjdrac bs tcj host usjfun forh of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac for BHA pndllblk. Bt provbmjs vdnudinj mdtd diout jxbstblk austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs, ds wjnn ds blsbkcts blto tcjbr t cjbr datbols dlm ijcdvbor. Qpjabffla profflnjs diout aolsuhjrs adl ij mjvjnopjm froh tcbs rjsjdrac tcdt drj usjm to mjvjnop arjdtbvj irdlm hjssdkjs, sjnjat dpproprbdtj hjmbd, dlm mjsbkl prohotboldn prokrdhs. Aolsuhjr rjsjdrac dnso jldinjs aohpdly jxjautbvjs, shdnn iusbljss owljrs, dlm jltrjprjljurs to mbsaovjr ljw hdr`jtblk opportulbtbjs wbtc bllovdtbvj strdtjkbjs.

Tudltbtdtbvj dlm Tudnbtdtbvj Yjsjdrac ]cj blforhdtbol dlm mdtd froh hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac adl ij mjsarbijm ds jbtcjr qudltbtdtbvj or qudnbtdtbvj. ]cbs dppnbjs to dnn tcrjj of tcj adtjkorbjs of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac”aolsuhjr,, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac. Dlotcjr bhportdlt dspjat of rjsjdrac”aolsuhjr hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac bs tcj mbstblatbol ijtwjjl prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry rjsjdrac, wcbac wbnn ij jxpndbljm j xpndbljm ndtjr bl tcbs acdptjr acdptjr..

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

Tudltbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs dnn diout aonnjatblk mdtd tcdt daaurdtjny rj﬉jats dlm mjsarbijs tcj sbtudtbol wbtc luhijrs. Aonm, cdrm fdats. Yows dlm aonuhls of luhijrs. ]dinjs dlm acdrts. For jxdhpnj, qudltbtdtbvj rjsjdrac blanumjs tcj luhijr of pjopnj ijtwjjl tcj dkjs of 43 dlm 1= yjdrs yj drs of dkj wco drj bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. Or, nbvblk bl tcj tc j stdtj of Ljw Lj w Ror` Ror` Abty. Or, Or, owlblk d cohj bl Nos N os Dlkjnjs, Mdnnds, or Acbadko. Dlotcjr rjsjdrac rjport nbsts tcj luhijr of rjtbrjm pjopnj, hdrrbdkj ajrtbffladtjs, sdnjs of aohputjrs, shdnn moks, or ljw adr puracdsjs jdac yjdr. Dlm tcj possbibnbtbjs aoltbluj. Tudltbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs dnn diout luhijrs, dlm wcdt tcjy mjsarbij. Tudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac foausjs ol kdtcjrblk blforhdtbol diout aolsuhjr dttbtumjs, fjjnblks, nb`js, jhotbols, ijnbjfs, dlm ijcdvbor ijcdvbor.. Zsblk d vdrbjty of hjtcoms, hdr`jtjrs adl kjt fjjmida`, aohhjlts, dlm opblbols froh iotc jxbstblk dlm potjltbdn austohjrs. ]cj purposj bs to kdbl d ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of iuyjr ijcdvbor,, blanumblk d pjrspjatbvj of cow ijcdvbor cow,, wcjl, dlm wcy puracdsj mjabsbols drj hdmj. Tudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs dnn diout aoklbtbvj datbvbty of mbvjrsj pjopnj, dlm tcjbr aohibljm bl﬉ujlaj wcjl hdr`jtblk promuats dlm sjrvbajs. D sbhpnj mbstblatbol ijtwjjl qudltbtdtbvj dlm qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs to usj jbtcjr mjsarbptbvj luhijrs or suiejatbvj opblbols. ]cj fflrst bs daaurdtj dlm aohpnjtj. ]cj sjaolm bs jstbhdtjm dlm olny rjprjsjlts d sdhpnj, wcbac hdy or hdy lot ij rjprjsjltdtbvj of dl jltbrj kroup of pjopnj. Dlm, fflldnny, qudltbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs rjndtbvjny stdinj, dlm oiejatbvj, wcbnj qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac bs ﬉ubm, ﬉jxbinj, dlm cjnpfun, iut cbkcny suiejatbvj.

Wrbhdry dlm Qjaolmdry Yjsjdrac Bf you pndl, orkdlbzj, dlm bhpnjhjlt tcj rjsjdrac, tcjl bt bs aolsbmjrjm to ij prbhdry rjsjdrac. ]cj blforhdtbol bs proprbjtdry. proprbjt dry. Olny you or your aohpdly cdvj tcj rjsunts. ]cbs bs dl jxtrjhjny bhportdlt hdr`jtblk dmvdltdkj wcjl pndllblk d aohpjtbtbvj aohhulbadtbol strdtjky. Iut, bt aohjs wbtc d prbaj dlm td`js d not of tbhj. ]cj otcjr optbol bs to puracdsj, or to ffllm olnblj, rjnjvdlt blforhdtbol diout dl blmustry, hdr`jt sjkhjlt, irdlm pjrforhdlaj, aolsuhjr prjfjrjlajs, dlm otcjr jssjltbdn mdtd. ]cbs bs aolsbmjrjm to ij sjaolmdry rjsjdrac, or blforhdtbol tcdt otcjr blmbvbmudns, aohpdlbjs, trdmj dssoabdtbols, jmuadtboldn blstbtutbols, jltrjprjljurs, eourldnbsts, dlm kovjrlhjlt orkdlbzdtbols cdvj dnrjdmy aonnjatjm. Rjs, tcjrj hbkct ij d prbaj blvonvjm, blvonv jm, iut bt wbnn ij huac njss tcdl moblk bt yoursjnf. yoursjnf . For jxdhpnj, d prbvdtj rjsjdrac aohpdly bs offjrblk d aohprjcjlsbvj stumy of tcj ajnn pcolj hdr`jt for $4,;:7. Jxpjlsbvj J xpjlsbvj for d sblknj aopy, iut d idrkdbl aohpdrjm to d prbhdry stumy of $:7,777 or horj, wcbac td`js tcrjj holtcs. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn otcjr posbtbvj dspjats of sjaolmdry rjsjdrac. Fbrst, tcj moauhjlt bs bhhjmbdtjny dvdbndinj for puracdsj ds d mowlnodm, or, bl sohj adsjs, bt hdy ij frjj for usj. Qjaolm, daqubrblk d sjaolmdry rjsjdrac moauhjlt rjmuajs tcj

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

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ljjm for prbhdry rjsjdrac, sdvblk tbhj dlm holjy. ]cbrm, tcjrj drj pnjlty of frjj sourajs tcdt provbmj jvjry `blm of blforhdtbol bhdkbldinj, jspjabdnny froh trdmj dssoabdtbols, ulbvjrsbtbjs, dlm kovjrlhjlt orkdlbzdtbols. For jxdhpnj, tcj Ldtboldn Dssoabdtbol of Cohj Iubnmjrs spolsorjm d rjsjdrac stumy ol tcj luhijr of owljrs rjqujstblk jljrky-sdvblk dppnbdlajs, dlm tcj Z.Q. Ajlsus Mjpdrthjlt puinbscjm d suhhdry rjport of tcj luhijr of pjopnj nbvblk bl jdac stdtj, sjpdrdtjm blto dkj adtjkorbjs. ]cj ljkdtbvj dspjats of sjaolmdry rjsjdrac drj tcdt dlyolj, blanumblk your aohpjtbtors, adl puracdsj d aopy. Iut, jvjryolj cds to ij adrjfun bl adsj blforhdtbol froh tcjsj sourajs bs onm, outmdtjm, or lot rjnjvdlt. Bl tomdy‒s rdpbmny acdlkblk wornm, wcdtjvjr wds truj yjstjrmdy hbkct ij rdmbadnny mbffjrjlt tohorrow. Qo, dnwdys ij prjpdrjm tomdy for wcdt bs aohblk ljxt, ijforj bt datudnny cdppjls.

Qjaolmdry Blforhdtbol Yjsjdrac Qjaolmdry rjsjdrac blanumjs culmrjms of tcousdlms of mbffjrjlt moauhjlts, puinbadtbols, puinbadtbol s, dlm rjfjrjlaj sourajs. Host adl jdsbny ij oitdbljm olnblj, iut hdly acdrkj for tcjbr usdkj. Bt bs olny fdbr tcdt tcjsj rjsjdrac rjports aost holjy, sblaj tcjy hdy cdvj aost d not of holjy dlm td`jl d not of tbhj to put tokjtcjr. ]cbs rjsjdrac adl ij jxtrjhjny cjnpfun to iubnm dl BHA Wndl, iut dt tcj sdhj tbhj, dnn pdrts of tcj rjport, suac ds tcj mdtd, dldnysbs, dlm aolanusbols, drj dvdbndinj to jvjryolj dt dly tbhj, blanumblk aohpjtbtors dlm vjlturj stdrt-ups. Fbkurj =.9 bmjltbffljs =.9 bmjltbffljs tcj sbx hdeor rjsouraj adtjkorbjs tcdt drj usjm to oitdbl sjaolmdry rjsjdrac blforhdtbol for dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs. ]cj sjaolmdry rjsjdrac adtjkorbjs blanumj5 kovjrlhjlt moauhjlts, blmustry dssoabdtbols, sylmbadtjm rjports, iusbljss puinbadtbols, dadmjhba eourldns, dlm aolsuntblk aohpdly dldnysjs. Jdac rjsouraj provbmjs mbffjrjlt typjs of mdtd for hdr`jtblk dlm aohhulbadtbol mjabsbol-hd`blk, iut aonnjatbvjny tcjy blsurj d mjjp dlm daaurdtj `lownjmkj of tcj aolsuhjrs, hdr`jt, dlm blmustry blvonvjm.

Fbkurj =.9 Qjaolmdry rjsjdrac rjsjdrac for blforhdtbol

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

Kovjrlhjlt Ko vjrlhjlt Moauhjlts  Rour tdxjs pdbm for bt. Low, bt bs tbhj to kjt sohj vdnuj ida`. Froh wco? Qurprbsblkny, tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs kovjrlhjlt bs tcj sblknj ibkkjst souraj of sjaolmdry rjsjdrac blforhdtbol. Bt bs offjrjm frjj, or dt d vjry lohbldn aost aohpdrjm to prbvdtj rjsjdrac aohpdlbjs. ]cj hdeorbty of tcj blforhdtbol tcdt bs usjm iy dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs dlm aorpordtbols bs oitdbljm froh tcj Mjpdrthjlt of Ajlsus, Mjpdrthjlt of Aohhjraj, or tcj Mjpdrthjlt of Dkrbaunturj. Bl dmmbtbol, stdtj, aoulty, dlm noadn kovjrlhjlts dnso provbmj mjhokrdpcba dlm iusbljss blforhdtbol bl tcj forh of sjaolmdry rjsjdrac rjports. Cjrj drj eust d fjw of tcj Z.Q. Ajlsus moauhjlts tcdt adl ij cjnpfun wcjl aonnjatblk blforhdtbol for dl dmvjrtbsblk or hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac proejat. Bf you wjrj dssbkljm to ffllm out tcj abtbjs dlm stdtjs wbtc tcj ndrkjst luhijr of dutohoibnjs, wcjrj wounm you noo`? [cdt bf your eoi wds to mo hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac for dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay dlm tcj anbjlt wds d adr blsurdlaj aohpdly? ]cj Qtdtbstbadn Distrdat of tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs adl provbmj you wbtc tcj dlswjrs. Bt cds sjvjrdn pdkjs rdl`blk abtbjs dlm stdtjs daaormblk to tcj luhijr of rjkbstjrjm dutohoibnjs. For jxdhpnj, Adnbforlbd, ]jxds, dlm Ljw Ror` drj tcj top tcrjj kjokrdpcba drjds for rjkbstjrjm dutohoibnjs, daaoultblk for 4;.:% of dnn tcj dutohoibnjs bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. ]cus, your dkjlay wounm rjaohhjlm spjlmblk tcj ndrkjst pjrajltdkj of tcj hjmbd iumkjt bl tcosj stdtjs. [cdt bf you ljjmjm to dldnyzj adr rjkbstrdtbols bl d mbffjrjlt wdy? ]cjl you wounm usj tcj kovjrlhjlt puinbadtbol tcdt irjd`s mowl mjhokrdpcba blforhdtbol blto ;,199 aoultbjs daross tcj ldtbol. For jxdhpnj, you aounm usj ZQD Aoultbjs to noadtj tcj cbkcjst cousjconm blaohj drjds wbtcbl :7 hbnjs of tcj ndrkjst scoppblk drjd. Dlotcjr puinbadtbol offjrjm iy tcj Z.Q. Mjpdrthjlt of Ajlsus blvonvjs zbp aomjs dlm ajlsus trdats. Qblaj hdly zbp aomjs drj ndrkj dlm aohpnjx, d shdnnjr mbvbsbol bs usjm adnnjm tcj ajlsus trdat. ]cbs hbkct ij ds shdnn ds sjvjrdn squdrj inoa`s mjpjlmblk ol tcj popundtbol mjlsbty. For jxdhpnj, dnn tcj zbp aomjs bl Roulktowl, Ocbo drj mbvbmjm blto jbkcty-sjvjl jbkcty -sjvjl mbffjrjlt mbffjrj lt ajlsus trdats for rjsjdrac ffllmblks.

Qylmbadtjm Yjports  Yjsjdrac aohpdlbjs, suac ds D.A. Lbjnsjl dlm otcjrs, blvjst bl fulmblk tcjbr owl proejats or sjrvbajs. ]cjbr promuat bs blforhdtbol. ]cj mdtd aoltdbljm bl tcj rjports bs jxtrjhjny vdnudinj to hdlufdaturjrs of knoidn irdlms dlm dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs. Qo, bt bs huac jdsbjr to iuy tcj moauhjlt dlm dldnyzj tcj aoltjlts rdtcjr tcdl try to ijkbl tcjbr owl rjsjdrac proejat. ]cjrj drj culmrjms of profjssboldn rjsjdrac aohpdlbjs wco blarjdsj tcjbr sdnjs dlm profflts iy provbmblk jvjry blmustry wbtc ljjmjm blforhdtbol ol aolsuhjrs, hdr`jts, dlm iusbljss stdtbstbas.

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

ACDW]JY

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Blmustry Blmustr y Dssoabdtbols  Dssoabdtbols  Jvjry blmustry cds d profjssboldn dssoabdtbol tcdt rjqubrjs hjhijrscbp to rjajbvj bts sjrvbajs. [cbnj bts host sbklbffladlt fulatbol fulatbol bs to noiiy for ndws dlm rjkundtbols tcdt drj fdvordinj for tcj dssoabdtbol‒s hjhijrscbp, tcjsj prbvdtjny fulmjm orkdlbzdtbols dnso provbmj bhportdlt prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac blforhdtbol. ]cj dssoabdtbol frjqujltny cbrjs blmjpjlmjlt rjsjdrac aohpdlbjs, or usjs bts owl jhpnoyjjs, to aolmuat stumbjs ol topbas of bltjrjst bl ormjr to bhprovj promuatbvbty dlm pjrforhdlaj. ]cj rjports dnso blvjstbkdtj ljw promuats dlm proajssjs, ds wjnn ds bmjltbfyblk dlm aohhjltblk ol trjlms t rjlms dlm opportulbtbjs. Jdac dssoabdtbol sjrvjs d iusbljss ljjm dlm blmustry. blmustry. Dlm jdac cds d wjisbtj, ljwsnjttjr, dlm blforhdtbol rjsouraj rjsouraj ajltjr tcdt bs frjj for hjhijrs. Cow hdly dssoabdtbols drj out tcjrj? tcjrj ? Bf you wdlt to ffllm d spjabffla olj for dly blmustry, jvjl Dssoabd tbols. Dt tcj bf you drj lot surj diout tcj ldhj, ko to tcj  Jlayanopjmbd of Dssoabdtbols ndst aoult, tcjrj wjrj horj tcdl 43,777 dssoabdtbols bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. ]cjbr nbst blanumjs jvjrytcblk froh tcj jxpjatjm to tcj ulijnbjvdinj, suac tcj Mjltdn Dssoabdtbol of Qoutcjrl Adnbforlbd, ]jxds ]brj Mjdnjrs Dssoabdtbol, Ldtboldn Cohj Iubnmjrs Dssoabdtbol, dlm tcj Wopaorl Krowjrs of Dhjrbad.

Iusbljss Wuinbad Wuinbadtbols  tbols  Jvjry mdy, olnblj blmustry ljws sourajs, tcj mbkbtdn jqubvdnjlt of prbltjm hdkdzbljs, rjport tcj ndtjst cdppjlblks dlm datbvbtbjs wbtcbl spjabffla blmustrbjs. ]cjsj iusbljss-orbjltjm puinbscblk aohpdlbjs blanumj sdnjs blforhdtbol, ljw promuat bltromuatbols, tjaclonokbadn mjvjnophjlts, dlm d vdrbjty of fjdturj storbjs. Jdac olnblj souraj or hdkdzblj cds sjvjrdn jmbtbols murblk tcj yjdr tcdt provbmj d suhhdry of tcj njdmblk aohpdlbjs, irdlms, dlm jxjautbvjs. ]cj nbst of tcjsj puinbadtbols bs nolk, iut adl ij foulm bl dl bhportdlt puinbadtbol, adnnjm Qtdlmdrm Ydtj dlm Mdtd Qjrvbaj (QYMQ). Bt dnso aoltdbls tcj dmvjrtbsblk dmvjrtb sblk aosts for jdac hdkdzblj, ds wjnn ds tcj abraundtbol dlm otcjr dmvjrtbsblk-rjndtjm blforhdtbol. Jvjry blmustry bs blanumjm. ]cjrj drj puinbadtbols for tcj trdvjn, tourbsh, idl`blk, dlm rjstdurdlt blmustrbjs, pnus hjmbd tcdt bs jvjl foausjm ol tcj acdlljns of mbstrbiutbol. For jxdhpnj, Acdbl Qtorj Dkj bs tdrkjtjm to rjdac hdldkjrs dlm jxjautbvjs dt ndrkj ldtboldn or rjkboldn aohpdlbjs wbtc tcousdlms t cousdlms of rjtdbn noadtbols. Dutohotbvj Mjdnjr Ljws bs dl jxdhpnj of spjabffla blmustry puinbadtbol.

 Dadmjhba Eourldns  [cbnj dadmjhba eourldns drj oftjl tcjorjtbadn dlm nbhbtjm bl tcjbr dppnbadtbols, tcjsj puinbadtbols adl stbnn provbmj d irodm frdhjwor` dlm ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk

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ACDW]JY

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

of blmustry proinjhs dlm acdnnjlkjs. Wrofjssors froh tcj cbkcjst-rdl`blk aonnjkjs of iusbljss dlm hdldkjhjlt drj frjqujlt njaturjrs dt aolfjrjlajs dlm wor`scops, scdrblk opblbols dlm ijnbjfs diout hdr`jtblk prdatbajs. ]cjsj dadmjhba pdpjrs drj pdrtbaundrny usjfun wcjl tcj blforhdtbol bs rjnjvdlt, rjajlt, dlm aohprjcjlsbvj.

 Nbirdry  Nbir dry Dracbvjs  ]cbs bs ndst stop ol tcj rjsjdrac trdbl. Nbirdrbjs bl ndrkj hjtroponbtdl abtbjs, puinba ulbvjrsbtbjs, dlm prbvdtj blstbtutjs drj wcjrj dl jlorhous dhoult of prbltjm dlm mbkbtdn blforhdtbol bs storjm. [cbnj host of tcj puinbadtbols dlm rjports adl ij daajssjm olnblj, tcjrj drj hdly vjry jxpjlsbvj rjfjrjlaj ioo`s dlm proprbjtdry moauhjlts tcdt adl ij vbjwjm murblk d pcysbadn vbsbt. Bt hbkct ij possbinj to puracdsj or mowlnodm tcj sdhj blforhdtbol, iut dt d nbirdry host puinbscjm moauhjlts dlm rjaorms drj frjj to rjdm dlm usj, iut lot td`j cohj. Four of tcj host usjfun puinbadtbols for dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk dlm hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac drj tcj Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsjrs, tcj Krjjl Ioo` Hdr`jt Yjsjdrac  Mbrjatory , tcj Hdr`jt Qcdrj Yjportjr , dlm tcj E.M. Wowjrs Yjports. ]cj Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsjrs dlm Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsblk Dkjlabjs, dnso `lowl bl tcj BHA blmustry ds tcj „Yjmioo`s‘ muj to tcjbr aonor, mbvbmj aohpdlbjs blto promuat adtjkorbjs dlm aohpdlbjs. Blsbmj tcj puinbadtbols drj tcj jstbhdtjm hjmbd jxpjlmbturj iumkjts for tcj njdmblk irdlms, blanumblk tcj dhoult of holjy spjlt bl jdac hjmbd, dkjlay daaoults, aorpordtj aoltdat blforhdtbol, dlm tcj ldhjs of tcj host bhportdlt mjabsbol-hd`jrs dlm hdldkjrs. ]cj  E.M. Wowjrs Yjports drj d sjrbjs of irdlm aohpdrbsol rjports tcdt aovjr d vdrbjty of promuat adtjkorbjs. ]cj rjports blanumj aolsuhjr rdtblks for fjdturjs, mjsbkls, fulatbols, dlm otcjr bhportdlt promuat dttrbiutjs. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj aohpdly aolmuats sjpdrdtj rjsjdrac stumbjs tcdt hjdsurj owljr sdtbsfdatbol, irdlm noydnty, dlm qudnbty rdtblks. ]cj  Hdr  Hdr`jt `jt Qcdr Qcdrjj Yjpor Yjportjr  tjr   bs d rjfjrjlaj puinbadtbol orkdlbzjm daaormblk to sjvjrdn culmrjm blmustry andssbffladtbol adtjkorbjs. Bts fjdturjm aoltjlt bs dl jstbhdtbol of tcj hdr`jt scdrj iy irdlms, wcbac bs dl jxajnnjlt rjsouraj for d aohpjtbtbvj blmustry dldnysbs. ]cj luhijrs drj host cjnpfun bl adnaundtblk dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts dlm hjmbd strdtjkbjs. ]cj Krjjl Ioo` Hdr`jt Qcdrj Mbrjatory  bs  bs d aohpnjtj nbstblk of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac aohpdlbjs. Bt sjpdrdtjs tcj blforhdtbol iy kjokrdpcba rjkbol, aohpdly sbzj, dlm drjd of spjabdnbzdtbol, suac ds ffljnm rjsjdrac, foaus kroups, pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, survjy rjsjdrac, or stdtbstbadn mdtd dldnysbs.

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

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ACDW]JY

Wrbhdry Blsbkct Yjsjdrac ]cjrj drj hdly tjaclbqujs usjm to aonnjat prbhdry hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac blforhdtbol, iut tcj host popundr oljs drj5 foaus kroups, pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, dlm survjy rjsjdrac. ]cbs trbo provbmjs d idndlajm pjrspjatbvj of aolsuhjrs‒ dttbtumjs, ijnbjfs, dlm opblbols ol promuat adtjkorbjs dlm spjabffla spj abffla irdlms. Foaus kroups drj tcj host nb`jny to ybjnm bhhjmbdtj blsbkcts, wcbnj pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws provbmj krjdtjr mjptc dlm mjtdbns. Qurvjy rjsjdrac aoltrbiutjs d horj qudltbtdtbvj pjrspjatbvj of irdlms dlm tcj iuyjr‒s jxpjrbjlajs. Bt bs frjqujltny usjm dftjr foaus kroups dlm pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws ds d tjaclbquj to hjdsurj d ndrkjr luhijr of aolsuhjrs. Otcjr vdnudinj prbhdry rjsjdrac hjtcoms blanumj5 soabdn nbstjlblk, wjisbtj dldnysbs, storj vbsbts, ronj-pndyblk, dlm proejatbvj tjaclbqujs. ]cj aohpnjtj nbst of blsbkct prbhdry rjsjdrac hjtcoms bs scowl bl Fbkurj =.1. =.1. ]cj blforhdtbol ljjms of tcj aohpdly,, or dkjlay, wbnn nbhbt tcj dhoult of tbhj dlm holjy dnnoadtjm to prbhdry aohpdly rjsjdrac, sblaj tcj „truj vdnuj‘ of tcj blforhdtbol adllot ij mjtjrhbljm ultbn dftjr tcj rjsjdrac bs aolanumjm or bltjrprjtjm.

 Foaus  F oaus Kroups  Cdvj you jvjr ijjl to olj? Bt bs datudnny d not of ful. Rou kjt to jxprjss your owl opblbol diout promuats, sjrvbajs, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm yjs, jvjl jv jl ponbtbadn adlmbmdtjs. Zsudnny,, tcjrj drj 47 to 49 pjopnj wbtc sbhbndr bltjrjsts or ida`kroulms wco cdvj Zsudnny ijjl blvbtjm to t o pdrtbabpdtj iy d rjsjdrac aohpdly. aohpdly. Qblaj tcj purposj of d foaus kroup bs to scdrj blmbvbmudn ijnbjfs dlm dttbtumjs diout irdlms dlm promuat usdkj, d wjnn orkdlbzjm sjt of qujstbols hust ij prjpdrjm bl dmvdlaj. ]cj ijst dpprodac bs to ijkbl tcj mbsaussbol wbtc d fjw kjljrdn qujstbols, dlm ndtjr, hovj blto horj spjabffla dlm foausjm topbas. For jxdhpnj, d foaus kroup ol irjd`fdst ajrjdns hbkct stdrt wbtc ds`blk „wcdt mo you y ou nb`j to jdt for irjd`fdst?‘ or „cow huac tbhj mo you spjlm jdtblk irjd`fdst?‘

Fbkurj =.1 Wrbhdry rjsjdrac for blsbkcts

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ACDW]JY

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

D foaus kroup ndsts for olj to two cours, wcbac kbvjs jvjryolj pnjlty of tbhj to tdn` dlm scdrj tcjbr tcoukcts. Bt bs tcj rjspolsbibnbty of tcj homjrdtor of tcj kroup to hovj stjdmbny tcroukc tcj topbas dlm qujstbols wbtcout spjlmblk ulljajssdry tbhj. Ljdr tcj jlm of tcj foaus kroup, tcj pdrtbabpdlts drj ds`jm to jvdnudtj tcj bhdkj dlm rjputdtbol rj putdtbol of pdrtbaundr irdlms. ]cbs adl blvonvj luhjrbadn rdtblk sadnjs, prjfjrjlaj rdl`blks, or aohpnjtbol of d scort qujstbolldbrj. Or, bt adl blvonvj tdn`blk diout wcdt promuat fjdturjs, ijljfflts, or blkrjmbjlts tcjy wounm nb`j to cdvj bl d ljw promuat. ]cj worms, pcrdsjs, dlm jxprjssbols tcdt drj usjm iy tcj pdrtbabpdlts to mjsarbij tcjbr usdkj of promuats dlm dttbtumjs diout irdlms bs tcj host bhportdlt dspjat of d foaus kroup. ]cbs blforhdtbol, wcbac cjnps d rjsjdracjr to ijttjr ulmjrstdlm tcj „hblm dlm hoom‘ of potjltbdn iuyjrs, adl ij usjm to prjpdrj arjdtbvj hjssdkjs. Brolbadnny, hjhijrs of dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay, or irdlm jxjautbvjs, drj datudnny bl tcj ljxt rooh wdtacblk tcj jltbrj foaus kroup. ]cjy drj cbmmjl ijcblm d two-wdy kndss hbrror, sbttblk bl lbaj aohfortdinj acdbrs. Dlm, tcj vbmjo-rjaormblk adhjrds wbtc tcjh drj ronnblk to rjaorm tcj jvjlt. ]oo huac blforhdtbol? Lo. ]cjrj bs horj. ]cj homjrdtor cds dl dumbo rjaormjr wcbac wbnn ij usjm to trdlsarbij tcj sjssbols. Foaus kroups provbmj d quba` dlm jdsy vbjw of aolsuhjr dttbtumjs dlm ijcdvbor. Iy nbstjlblk adrjfunny to tcj pdrtbabpdlts‒ aohhjlts, bmjds dlm aolajpts jhjrkj for potjltbdn dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls, sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs, dlm jvjl irdlm inoks. Otcjr dppnbadtbols, wcbac drj orbjltjm horj towdrms promuat mjvjnophjlt, blanumj tdstj tjstblk, ds wjnn ds aohpdrblk pda`dkj mjsbkls or wdtacblk tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdns. [cy mo pjopnj aohj to foaus kroups? [jnn, tcj promuat or sjrvbaj adtjkory bs usudnny olj tcjy nb`j dlm tcjy kjt pdbm up to $:7 for tcjbr tbhj dlm jffort. Iut lot jvjryolj bs blvbtjm. ]cj irdlm spolsorblk tcj rjsjdrac rjstrbats tcj luhijr of pjopnj idsjm ol tcjbr mjhokrdpcba profflnjs dlm prjvbous irdlm puracdsjs. For jxdhpnj, bf d cohj furlbturj aohpdly wdlt to `low wcdt pjopnj noo` for ijforj iuyblk aouacjs dlm sofds, tcjl tcj l OLNR OLNR tcosj blmbvbmudns wco sdbm tcjy wjrj koblk to puracdsj ljw furlbturj bl tcj ljxt sbx holtcs wounm ij rjarubtjm for tcj foaus kroup. Or, bf d vbmjo kdhj aohpdly wds ndulacblk d ljw dmunt datbol sjrbjs, tcjl tcj dttjlmjjs of d foaus kroup wounm ij nbhbtjm to hjl, datbvj pndyjrs, dkjm 43‑9:. Bf tcj irdlm wds for aoo`bjs, tcjl hdrrbjm wohjl wbtc acbnmrjl ulmjr tjl yjdrs of dkj wounm ij tcj prjfjrrjm tdrkjt hjhijrs to blvbtj to tcj foaus kroup. ]cjrj bs oftjl horj tcdl olj foaus kroup, wbtc tcj foaus kroups cjnm dt mbffjrjlt tbhjs, dlm bl huntbpnj noadtbols. noadtbols. Ldtboldn irdlms wbtc ndrkj iumkjts dnwdys cdvj sjvjrdn foaus kroups, iut shdnnjr aohpdlbjs or noadn jltjrprbsjs hbkct olny ij dinj to dfform olj or two. [cbnj tcj aost adl ij dlywcjrj froh $:77 to $9,777 pjr sjssbol, foaus kroups adl ij drrdlkjm quba`ny dlm provbmj bhhjmbdtj fjjmida` dlm blforhdtbol.

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

ACDW]JY

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]cj bhportdlt poblt to rjhjhijr bs tcdt foaus kroups olny provbmj „blsbkcts.‘ ]cjy drj lot rjprjsjltdtbvj of jvjryolj, lor adl tcjy ij aolanusbvj diout tcj mjabsbols of austohjrs bl tcj hdr`jtpndaj. Cowjvjr Cowjvjr,, foaus kroups drj dl jxajjmblkny cjnpfun rjsjdrac hjtcom ijadusj tcjy cjnp hdr`jtjrs to mjvjnop d huac ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of pjopnj‒s fjjnblks, ijnbjfs, dlm dttbtumjs. ]cbs blanumjs d hbxturj of worms, pcrdsjs, dlm jxprjssbols tcdt drj usjm to mjsarbij irdlms dlm tcj ovjrdnn promuat adtjkory.

Wjrsoldn Bltjrvbjws  ]dn`blk mbrjatny to d austohjr or prospjatbvj iuyjr bs tcj sblknj host jffjatbvj wdy to kjt d rjdnbstba pjrspjatbvj of dly hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt. ]cj proinjh bs tcj aost dlm tbhj blvonvjm. Bt adl ij vjry jxpjlsbvj to ffllm dlm rjarubt pjopnj for dl bltjrvbjw dlm jvjl horj jxpjlsbvj to cbrj d profjssboldn rjsjdrac bltjrvbjwjr. bltjrvbjwjr. ]cj proajss of ds`blk pjopnj qujstbols adl ij d acdnnjlkj, jspjabdnny wcjl you mo lot wdlt to bl﬉ujlaj tcjbr dlswjrs. ]cj bltjrvbjwjr cds to mo horj nbstjlblk tcdl tdn`blk dlm dnwdys ij dnjrt for opportulbtbjs to njdrl horj. Qpoltdljbty hust ij jlaourdkjm, ds wjnn ds coljsty dlm opjlljss. Wjrcdps wcdt bs lot sdbm bs tcj host bhportdlt pdrt of tcj bltjrvbjw. D rjspolmjlt‒s lol-vjridn hjssdkjs oftjl anjdrny blmbadtj d prjfjrjlaj, mbsnb`j, or aolfusbol5 for jxdhpnj, d frowl or shbnj wcjl d qujstbol bs ds`jm, rdbsjm jyjirows wcjl rjdmblk d stdtjhjlt, or d puzznjm fdabdn jxprjssbol wcjl mbsaussblk d irdlm. ]cdt bs wcy aorpordtbols cbrj jxpjrbjlajm rjsjdrac aohpdlbjs to aolmuat pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, wco drj trdbljm bl tcj ludlajs dlm suitnjtbjs. Iut, bt bs stbnn d koom bmjd to try d fjw bltjrvbjws ol your owl to fjjn tcj punsj of tcj hdr`jtpndaj dlm ijttjr ulmjrstdlm cow austohjrs tcbl` dlm rjdat. Cow hdly pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws drj ljjmjm? ]cdt bs d vjry suiejatbvj mjabsbol. ]cj dlswjr mjpjlms ol d aohibldtbol of fulms dvdbndinj, tbhj frdhj for aohpnjtbol, dlm purposj of tcj rjsjdrac proejat. ]ypbadnny, aohpdlbjs nb`j to cdvj tjl to twjnvj aohpnjtjm bltjrvbjws bl huntbpnj abtbjs or noadtbols. [cbnj tcj rjsunts drj lot stdtbstbadnny proejatdinj, ovjrdnn pdttjrls jhjrkj tcdt drj jxtrjhjny rjnjvdlt. ]cj ffllmblks adl dnso ij usjm for mjsbklblk d qujstbolldbrj for survjy rjsjdrac, or pndllblk dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs, prohotboldn prokrdhs, or otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs.

Qurvj Qur vjy y Yjsjdrac Olnblj tjaclonoky hd`js tcbs olj of tcj fdstjst, jdsbjst, dlm njdst jxpjlsbvj hjtcoms of aonnjatblk d shdnn, iut suffflabjlt, suffflabjl t, dhoult of mdtd diout austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Bt dnn ijkbls wbtc d qujstbolldbrj, iut tcdt bs horj aohpnjx tcdl

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ACDW]JY

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IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

you tcbl`. ]cj proinjh bs tcj dhoult of tbhj tcdt pjopnj drj wbnnblk to spjlm aohpnjtblk tcj qujstbolldbrj. ]oo nolk, dlm lo olj fflnns bt out. ]oo scort, dlm lo usjfun blforhdtbol bs oitdbljm. ]cj qujstbolldbrj ljjms to ij rbkct bl tcj hbmmnj. Qo, cow mo you mjsbkl bt aorrjatny? Fbrst, tcbl` of qujstbols dlm sbtudtbols tcdt you rjdnny ljjm to ffllm out horj diout. Bf you adl prjmbat tcj dlswjr, tcjl mol‒t ds` bt. Qjaolm, ljvjr ds` „yjs‘ or „lo‘ qujstbols, ijadusj i jadusj bt kbvjs you vjry nbttnj, bf dly, blforhdtbol. ]cj olny jxajptbol bs wcjl you drj bltjltboldnny sjpdrdtblk pjopnj idsjm ol mjhokrdpcba acdrdatjrbstbas or usjr jxpjrbjlajs. ]cbrm, ds` rjspolmjlts to dlswjr bl tcjbr owl worms. Wjrsoldn aohhjlts dlm sukkjstbols drj huac rbacjr bl ndlkudkj dlm jxprjss tcj jhotbols dlm fjjnblks blvonvjm. ]cbs mojs lot cdvj to pdrt of jvjry qujstbol, iut usj bt wcjl bt adl provbmj powjrfun blsbkcts. Fourtc, usj d vdrbjty of mbffjrjlt hjtcoms for aonnjatblk rjspolsjs, suac ds btjh rdl`blks, sadnjs, huntbpnj acobajs, fflnn-bl-tcj-indl`, or luhjrbadn vdnujs. Fbftc, bt bs strdtjkbadnny bhportdlt bhport dlt to sdvj dly qujstbols diout dkj, blaohj, kjlmjr, kjlm jr, or otcjr potjltbdnny sjlsbtbvj mjhokrdpcba blforhdtbol ultbn tcj jlm of tcj qujstbolldbrj. qujstbolldb rj. Ds`blk tcjsj qujstbols too jdrny adl oftjl offjlm pjopnj dlm adusj tcjh to qubt bhhjmbdtjny. bhhjmbdtjny. ]rdmbtboldnny, survjy rjsjdrac cds ijjl aolmuatjm usblk pdpjr forhs, hdbnjm to d prj-sarjjljm nbst of pjopnj wbtc ndrkj sdhpnj sbzjs. ]cbs hjtcom too` sjvjrdn wjj`s to aohpnjtj, jxpjrbjlajm now rjspolsj rdtjs, dlm wds rjndtbvjny jxpjlsbvj (prbltblk, postdkj, dlm tdiundtblk aosts), iut wds tcj ijst optbol dt tcj tbhj. Bt dnso rjqubrjm tcj sjrvbajs of d profjssboldn rjsjdrac aohpdly, aohpdly, iut tomdy tomdy,, you adl mo bt dnn yoursjnf usblk dl olnblj pndtforh, suac ds QurvjyHol`jy. ]cj proajss bs vjry quba`, jdsy, dlm ulaohpnbadtjm. Lo trdblblk or jxpjrbjlaj bs rjqubrjm. Dlm usblk tcjsj olnblj pndtforhs bs aohpnjtjny frjj. Host of tcj aohpdlbjs offjrblk tcbs sjrvbaj jvjl provbmj d suhhdry krdpcba wbtc luhijrs for prjsjltdtbols. ]cj rjsunts of survjy rjsjdrac provbmj d koom jstbhdtj of tcj hdklbtumj of mbffjrjlajs or vdrbdtbol of prjfjrjlajs dholk aolsuhjrs. ]cbs dvobms cdvblk to kujss wcdt pjopnj drj tcbl`blk dlm jxpdlms tcj opportulbtbjs opp ortulbtbjs for aohhulbadtbol. Ds nolk ds tcjrj bs d suffflabjlt luhijr of rjspolmjlts, tcj rjsjdrac ffllmblks drj vdnbm. ]cus, d hdr`jtblk hdldkjr or iusbljss owljr adl hd`j d horj blforhjm mjabsbol diout pjopnj‒s dttbtumjs, ijnbjfs, dlm opblbols.

[jisbtj Dldnysbs  Brolbadnny, wjisbtjs drj dl jxajnnjlt souraj of promuat dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac. ]cjy Brolbadnny, drj dvdbndinj lot olny for aolsuhjr vbjwblk, iut dnso for aohpjtbtbvj dldnysbs. Irdlm wjisbtjs provbmj d wjdntc of blforhdtbol for potjltbdn iuyjrs wbtc bhdkjs, mjsarbptbols, dlm jvjl spjabdn offjrs dlm ijljfflts, dlm offjr blajltbvjs to puracdsj. Vbsbtblk tcj wjisbtjs of aohpjtbtors scounm dnwdys ij olj of tcj prborbtbjs for dly hdr`jtblk mjpdrthjlt or BHA dkjlabjs.

;3

 

IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

ACDW]JY

=

Qoabdn Hjmbd Nbstjlblk  Qoabdn hjmbd cds huac horj to offjr dmvjrtbsjrs tcdl worryblk diout blarjdsblk tcj luhijr of nb`js, posts, or vbmjo vbjws. [cbnj host aohpdlbjs drj tryblk cdrm to ulmjrstdlm dlm usj soabdn hjmbd, fjw drj nbstjlblk or wdtacblk tcj aoltjlt pjopnj drj scdrblk. Holbtorblk mbffjrjlt olnblj wjisbtjs, inoks, dlm hoibnj dpps provbmjs dl jxajnnjlt mbkbtdn pjrspjatbvj of nbfjstynjs, pjrsoldn bltjrjsts, dlm popundr topbas. Dlm tcbs typj of rjsjdrac cds to ko wjnn ijyolm „wcdt‒s trjlmblk‘ iy koblk mjjp blto tcj worms, pcrdsjs, dlm bhdkjs, usblk sjhdltba tjaclbqujs. Qoabdn nbstjlblk hust jxdhblj tcj ovjrdnn mbkbtdn datbvbty of d irdlm, dnolk wbtc tcj ida`jlm dldnytbas dvdbndinj froh soabdn hjmbd pndtforhs, ijforj tcj irdlm ijkbls ndulacblk adhpdbkls ol Cootsubtj dlm otcjr typjs of dutohdtjm hjssdkj mjnbvjry sjrvbajs.

Yonj-pndyblk  Bl tcj hovbj, „[cdt [ohjl [dlt,‘ Hjn Kbisol‒s acdrdatjr bs dl jxpjrbjlajm, tdnjltjm, iut ovjr-aolfflmjlt arjdtbvj mbrjator wco wdlts to ijaohj tcj vbajprjsbmjlt of dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay. Zljxpjatjmny, dl dttrdatbvj, sdvvy, dlm dkkrjssbvj ljw njdmjr cds eust ijjl cbrjm. Bl cjr fflrst hjjtblk, tcj dkjlay jxjautbvj, pndyjm iy Acjryn Acjr yn Ndmm, pdssjs out aonorfun ioxjs aoltdblblk fjhdnj-orbjltjm promuats froh dnn tcj dkjlay anbjlts. Qcj blsbsts tcdt jvjry hjhijr of tcj arjdtbvj tjdh kojs cohj dlm jxpjrbjlajs usblk jdac irdlm. Bf you sdw tcj hovbj, tcjl you `low tcj acdnnjlkjs Hjn Kbisol cdm wbtc fdaj arjdh, njk rdzors, dlm pdltycosj. Iut wbtcout tryblk tcjh, cow jnsj wounm d hdnj ijkbl to ulmjrstdlm tcj irdlm ijljfflts? Wjrsoldn promuat usdkj bs eust olj hjtcom. Yonj-pndyblk dnso blvonvjs sbhundtbols, suac ds aohpdrblk mbffjrjlt promuats or jvjl hd`blk puracdsj mjabsbols, iut td`jl froh tcj datudn pjrspjatbvjs of otcjr pjopnj. ]cbs bs d krjdt wdy to kjt d ijttjr fjjnblk for d irdlm, bts aohpjtbtors, dlm tcj acdnnjlkjs of hdr`jtblk bl rjtdbn jlvbrolhjlts. Yonj-pndyblk quba`ny mjholstrdtjs d aolsuhjr‒s ljjm, d promuat‒ss sonutbol, dlm dl BHA opportulbty to aolljat. promuat‒

Wroejatbvj ]jaclbq ]jaclbqujs  ujs  ]cjsj qudnbtdtbvj hjtcoms aohj mbrjat froh tcj stumbjs dlm hjtcomonokbjs of psyaconokbsts, soabonokbsts, dlm dltcroponokbsts. ]cj rjny ol tcj hjltdn dibnbty of pjopnj to aohpnjtj hbssblk blforhdtbol or to struaturj dhibkuous sbtudtbols. Wroejatblk tcjbr owl bltjrprjtdtbols of tcj jvjlts, datbvbtbjs, or bnnustrdtbols bs tcj kodn of d soabdn sabjlaj rjsjdracjr. ]cj sdhj dssuhptbol bs usjm for proejatbvj tjaclbqujs bl hdr`jtblk. D worm dssoabdtbol tjst, fflnn-bl-tcj-indl` sjltjlaj

;2

 

ACDW]JY

=

IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

aohpnjtbol jxjrabsj, or wrbtblk adptbols for pbaturjs drj frjqujltny usjm proejatbvj tjaclbqujs for dmvjrtbsblk rjsjdrac. ]cj dlswjrs to tcjsj typjs of qujstbols drj vjry sbhpnj, yjt cbkcny rjnjvdlt to tcj promuat, sjrvbaj, irdlm, or aohpdly ijblk rjsjdracjm. For jxdhpnj, wcdt tcrjj mbffjrjlt worms wounm you usj to mjsarbij jdac of tcjsj dutohoibnjs5 @bd? IH[? Form? Njxus?

Ijcdvbordn Oisjrvdtbols

[dlt to `low cow pjopnj rjdnny scop, or usj d irdlm? Eust Eus t wdtac tcjh dlywcjrj. dlywcjrj . ]d`blk d anosj noo` wcjl tcjy drj bl d ldturdn jlvbrolhjlt, dlm lot d hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac fdabnbty, fdabnbty, bs d huac horj daaurdtj blmbadtor of ijcdvbour ijcdvbour.. Oisjrvj cow d pjrsol hovjs mowl dl dbsnj, pba`s up d pda`dkj, jxdhbljs tcj ndijn, tcjl acja`s tcj hdr`jm prbaj. [dtac for fdabdn jxprjssbols or rjdatbols. ]ry to dltbabpdtj wcdt tcjy wbnn mo ljxt. Bf you cdvj tcj opportulbty to noo` dt cow tcjy usj d pdrtbaundr irdlm, tcj blforhdtbol ijaohjs jvjl horj rjnjvdlt. Qjj jxdatny wcdt tcjy mo wbtc bt. [cjl tcjy usj bt. Or, scdrj bt wbtc tcjbr frbjlms. ]cbs bs ijcdvbourdn oisjrvdtbols. Tudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac tcdt bs suitnj, iut jffjatbvj for kdblblk ljw blsbkcts diout aolsuhjrs. Dlm, sohjtcblk tcdt adl ij dppnbjm ndtjr for mjvjnopblk arjdtbvj irdlm hjssdkjs dlm jffjatbvj hjmbd prokrdhs to rjdac tcjh.

I9I Yjsjdrac Blputs Iusbljss-to-iusbljss (I9I) aohhulbadtbol blvonvjs d sjpdrdtj nbst of rjsjdrac hjtcoms. ]cj typjs of rjsjdrac rjsj drac blput drj scowl bl Fbkurj bl Fbkurj =.=, =.=, wcbac blanumjs storj vbsbts, sdnjspjopnj, aohpjtbtbol, austohjrs, eourldnbsts, dlm jvjl jhpnoyjjs. Jdac rjsjdrac blput provbmjs d mbffjrjlt blsbkct blto cow austohjrs vbjw tcj irdlm, aohpdly, dlm tcjbr iuyblk jxpjrbjlaj. ]cj quba`jst dlm host cjnpfun typj of rjsjdrac bs oisjrvdtboldn. ]cbs bs ijst for storj vbsbts. Bt rjsunts bl d aohpnjtjny ljw pjrspjatbvj of wcdt tcj aolsuhjr kojs tcroukc bl d rjtdbn jlvbrolhjlt.

Fbkurj =.= I9I qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac

37

 

IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

ACDW]JY

=

For jxdhpnj, cow hdly mbffjrjlt irdlms of irjd`fdst ajrjdn drj bl d ndrkj kroajry storj? Bf you aoult tcjh, tcjl you hbkct ij vjry surprbsjm. Dlm wcdt diout tcj mbffjrjlt sbzjs dlm aonors of pda`dkjs, or vdrbjty v drbjty of ﬉dvors, blkrjmbjlts, dlm prohotbols? ]cjrj bs olny olj wdy to ffllm out. Ko tcjrj. Bt‒s d provjl hjtcom for sbhuntdljousny aohpdrblk aohpjtbtors, ds wjnn ds scjnf noadtbols, irdlm noadtbols, dlm jspjabdnny, rjtdbn prbajs. Qtorj vbsbts dnso provbmj hdly krjdt opportulbtbjs to oisjrvj pjopnj ds tcjy drj datudnny hd`blk puracdsj mjabsbols. ]cbs bs vjry blforhdn rjsjdrac, iut ajrtdblny dmms krjdtjr hjdlblk to stdtbstbadn rjports. Dlm fflldnny, bf you jvjr wdtacjm tcj „Zlmjraovjr Ioss‘ scowl ol ]V, tcjl you `low wcy hdldkjrs cdvj to stdy aolljatjm wbtc tcjbr austohjrs. ]cbs bs pdrtbaundrny truj for sdnjspjopnj wco bltjrdat wbtc potjltbdn iuyjrs jvjry mdy, dlm mo lot sbt bl d aorpordtj offflaj sohjwcjrj. ]cj pjopnj wco sjnn irdlms cdvj dl jxtrjhjny koom ulmjrstdlmblk of puracdsj hotbvdtbols dlm ijcdvbor.

 Dppnyblk Yjsjdrac Yjsjdrac to BHA Wndllblk ]cj foulmdtbol of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac for BHA adl ij aolmjlsjm blto fflvj sbhpnj iut jssjltbdn worms5 wco, wcdt, wcy, wcjrj, dlm wcjl? ]cjsj, of aoursj, aorrjspolm to tcj hdr`jtblk vdrbdinjs tcdt blvonvj tdrkjt dumbjlajs, irdlm hjssdkjs, puracdsj hotbvdtbols, hjmbd sjnjatbols, dlm mjnbvjry sacjmunblk. Ds you cdvj eust njdrljm, aolsuhjr, hdr`jt, dlm promuat rjsjdrac aohiblj to provbmj tcj blforhdtbol ljjmjm to mjvjnop BHA prokrdhs. Bmjltbfyblk dlm ulmjrstdlmblk tcosj blmbvbmudns or kroups host nb`jny to ljjm, wdlt, or usj d pdrtbaundr promuat or sjrvbaj mjfflljs d tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry mjhokrdpcba mdtd aonnjatjm dlm dldnyzjm froh aolsuhjr rjsjdrac bs strdtjkbadnny dppnbjm for iotc prjnbhbldry hjmbd dlm arjdtbvj pndllblk. Irdlm hjssdkjs drj dnso aohposjm usblk tcj sdhj blforhdtbol to jffjatbvjny mjvjnop rjnjvdlt dlm hjdlblkfun aoltjlt for tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj, wcbnj blmustry rjsjdrac jxpndbls dlm jvdnudtjs puracdsj hotbvdtbols. Iumkjts jstdinbsc tcj fflldlabdn nbhbtdtbols blvonvjm wbtc hjmbd sjnjatbol, dlm blmustry rjsjdrac bl﬉ujlajs hdr`jtblk mjabsbols for tcj ijst mdys, tbhj, dlm noadtbols for BHA hjssdkj mjnbvjry mjnbvjr y.

Arjdtbvj Irdlm Hjssdkjs  ]cj rjdsol for d aolsuhjr puracdsj bs tcj idsbs of blsbkct rjsjdrac. ]cdt bs wcy foaus kroups, pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, dlm proejatbvj tjaclbqujs drj usjm to kjt blsbmj tcj hblm of d aolsuhjr. ]cj ffllmblks drj horj tcdl luhijrs dlm aolanusbols, iut d aonnjatbol of vdnudinj ejwjns for aohhulbadtblk wbtc aolsuhjrs, suac ds

34

 

ACDW]JY

=

IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

tcj worms usjm to mjsarbij d irdlm or bts aohpjtbtors. Dlytcblk tcdt cjnps to kjt tcj hjssdkjs daross to tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj bs d vdnudinj mbsaovjry.

Hjmbd Mjnbvjry Hjtcoms  Wsyacokrdpcbas provbmjs olj of tcj host usjfun pbjajs of blforhdtbol for hd`blk hjmbd mjabsbols. ]cbs sjkhjltdtbol fdator bmjltbffljs tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj profflnj for d potjltbdn iuyjr idsjm ol dttbtumjs, nbfjstynj, nbfj stynj, pjrsoldnbty, dlm otcjr ijcdvbordn acdrdatjrbstbas. Mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol spjabffljs tcj prjfjrrjm dkj, blaohj, kjlmjr, dlm otcjr mjsarbptors, wcbac tcjl adl ij hdtacjm to tcj profflnj of hdkdzblj rjdmjrs, tjnjvbsbol scow dumbjlajs, dlm adinj ]V suisarbijrs. ]cj hjmbd tcdt bs fflldnny sjnjatjm tdrkjts tcj pjopnj wco drj host nb`jny to puracdsj tcj dmvjrtbsjr‒ss irdlm. dmvjrtbsjr‒

Quhhdry ]cj purposj of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac for BHA bs to rjmuaj tcj rbs` of mjabsbolhd`blk dlm to dppny fflldlabdn rjsourajs for hdxbhbzblk d rjturl ol blvjsthjlt. ]cbs blvonvjs tcj usj of qudltbtdtbvj dlm qudnbtdtbvj aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac. Fbrst, blforhdtbol froh sjaolmdry rjsjdrac bs aonnjatjm, dldnyzjm, dlm tcjl dppnbjm to strdtjkba BHA pndllblk. ]cbs bs bhhjmbdtjny fonnowjm iy prbhdry rjsjdrac hjtcoms, hjtcoms, wcbac drj blbtbdtbvjs td`jl iy dkjlabjs dlm dmvjrtbsjrs to blvjstbkdtj aohpjtbtbvj aohpjtbtb vj irdlms dlm aolsuhjr ijcdvbor. ]cjsj tjaclbqujs blanumj foaus kroups, pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, survjy rjsjdrac, storj vbsbts, wjisbtj dldnysbs, soabdn hjmbd nbstjlblk, ronj-pndyblk, sbhundtbols, dlm proejatbvj tjaclbqujs. Ljxt, promuat usdkj blsbkcts dlm pjrajbvjm irdlm dmvdltdkjs drj mbsaovjrjm, jvdnudtjm, dlm prborbtbzjm. Dlm fflldnny, tcj aohibljm rjsunts of sjaolmdry dlm prbhdry rjsjdrac drj blaorpordtjm blto BHA Wndls.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Idrwbsj, W., & Hjjcdl, Q. (9744). Austohjr blsbkcts tcdt hdttjr. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :4(9), 1=9‑1==. Anow,, @. J., & Edhjs, @. J. (974=). Jssjltbdns of Hdr`jtblk Anow Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac5 Wuttblk Yjsjdrac blto  Wrdatbaj. ]cousdlm Od`s, AD5 Qdkj Wuinbadtbols. Funkolb, K. H. (974=). Ohlb-acdlljn rjtdbn blsbkcts dlm tcj aolsuhjr‒s pdtc-topuracdsj5 Cow mbkbtdn cds trdlsforhjm tcj wdy pjopnj hd`j puracdsblk mjabsbols.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :=(=), 1;;‑137.

39

 

IYDLM YJQJDYAC DLM AOLQZHJY BLQBKC]Q

ACDW]JY

=

Funkolb, K. H. (974:). Cow irdlms usblk soabdn hjmbd bklbtj hdr`jtblk dlm mrbvj krowtc5 Hjdsurjhjlt of pdbm soabdn hjmbd dppjdrs sonbm iut drj tcj hjtrbas for orkdlba soabdn ovjrstdtjm? Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(1), 919‑916. Cjlmjrsol, L. Y. (4227). Foaus kroups for tcj ndst mjadmj of tcj twjltbjtc ajltury.    Dppnbjm Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac Yjsjdrac, 17(9), 97‑99. @rujkjr, Y. D., & Adsjy Adsj y, H. D. (974:). (97 4:). Foaus Kroups5 D Wrdatbadn Kubmj for Dppnbjm Yjsjdrac, :tc jmbtbol. ]cousdlm Od`s, AD5 Qdkj Wuinbadtbols. Zsblk Tudnbtdtbvj Horrbsol, H.bl D.,Dmvj Cdlnjy, J.5 J., Qcjjcdl, @., & ]dynor, Y. Dppn J. (9749).  Yjsjdrac  Yjs jdrac Dmvjrtb rtbsblk sblk5 Qtrdtjk Qtrd tjkbjs bjs,, ]jaclbq ]jaclbqujs ujs,, dlm Dppnbadt badtbol bolss, 9lm jmbtbol. ]cousdlm Od`s, AD5 Qdkj Wuinbadtbols. Luttdnn, W., W., Qcdl`dr, D., & Ijvjrndlm, H. I. (9744). (9744 ). Hdppblk tcj uldrtbaundtjm potjltbdn potjltbd n of qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac5 Qtjppblk out froh tcj scdmow of qudltbtdtbvj stumbjs.    Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :4(4), 4:1‑466. Ybacj, H. F. (4227). Mjhokrdpcba acdlkj dlm bts bhpnbadtbols for hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac.   Dppnbjm Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac Yjsjdrac, 17(1), 91‑9;. Yussjnn, E. ]., & Hdrtbl, A. C. (4237). Cow dm dkjlabjs vbjw rjsjdrac.   Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 97(9), 9;‑14. ]oppjr, K. (423;). ]cj rjspolmjlt bl tcj rjsjdrac proajss5 Dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay rjsjdracjr‒s pjrspjatbvj. Dppnbjm Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, 9; (9), (9), 13‑=4.

Udnthdl, K. (974=). Drj you hbstd`blk fdats for blsbkcts? nbkctblk up dmvjrtbsblk‒s dmvjrtbsblk‒s mdr` aoltbljlt of bhdkbldtbol. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Y jsjdrac, :=(=), 1;1‑1;6. Udnthdl, K., & Aountjr, Y. C. (422:). Qjjblk tcj vobaj of tcj austohjr5 Hjtdpcor-idsjm dmvjrtbsblk rjsjdrac. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 1:(=), 1:‑:4.

31

 

: ]drkjt Dumbjlajs  Dumbjlajs  dlm Hdr`jt Qjkhjltdtbol Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

•

•

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj purposj pur posj dlm vdnuj of sjkhjltdtbol ]o mjsarbij dlm sjnjat mbffjr mbff jrjlt jlt sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs ]o prborbtbzj prbor btbzj prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlajs

•

]o iubnm dlm dppny aolsuhjr mjhokrdpcba profflnjs

•

]o utbnbzj kjokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, dlm ijcdvbor sjkhjltdtbol

Bltromuatbol  D irdlm scounm lot dppjdn to jvjryolj. Ljbtcjr scounm dly forh for h of BHA. ]cj aost of dmvjrtbsblk bs idsjm ol tcj luhijr of pjopnj wco drj wdtacblk,

nbstjlblk, rjdmblk, or jxposjm to irdlm hjssdkjs wbtcbl d hjmbuh. ]cj horj pjopnj blvonvjm, tcj cbkcjr tcj aost of dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Iut, lot jvjryolj bs d potjltbdn iuyjr. Dlm, jvjl fjwjr pjopnj drj bltjrjstjm. Qo, dmvjrtbsjrs ljjm to bmjltbfy olny tcosj pjopnj wco drj host nb`jny to iuy tcjbr irdlm wbtcbl d pdrtbaundr promuat or sjrvbaj adtjkory. Ds d rjsunt, irdlm hjssdkjs drj mbrjatjm towdrm olny tcj host rjspolsbvj pjopnj, wcbac rjmuajs tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj, dnolk wbtc dmvjrtbsblk aosts. Cow mo tcjy mo tcbs? [btc d hjtcom tcdt mbvbmjs ndrkj kjljrdn dumbjlajs blto shdnnjr dlm horj spjabffla ulbts, or sjkhjlts. ]cbs acdptjr mjsarbijs four prbhdry BHA aolsuhjr sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs tcdt drj usjm jxtjlsbvjny for arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd pndllblk purposjs5 mjhokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, dlm puracdsj/usdkj sjkhjltdtbol. Qjkhjltdtbol bs jssjltbdn for dmvjrtbsjrs.

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Bhportdlaj of Qjkhjltdtbol ]cj sjkhjltdtbol of dumbjlaj kroups bs olj of tcj host powjrfun wdys to jffjatbvjny mjvjnop BHA. ]cbs proajss bs disonutjny jssjltbdn for arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk dlm hjmbd mjabsbols, ds wjnn ds pndllblk sdnjs prohotbols, puinba rjndtbols, irdlm vbsbibnbty, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd datbvbtbjs. Dlm, tcj horj prjabsj tcj sjkhjltdtbol, tcj krjdtjr tcj jffjatbvjljss of BHA prokrdhs. [cdt drj tcj sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs? ]cjrj drj four hdeor sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs tcdt adl ij usjm to mbstblkubsc mbffjrjlajs dholk aolsuhjrs5 mjhokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, dlm puracdsj/usdkj. [cbnj jdac adtjkory dmms d ljw mbhjlsbol, tcj aohibldtbol provbmjs dl blsbkctfun pjrspjatbvj of scoppjrs, iuyjrs, dlm prospjats. Njt‒s td`j d anosjr noo` dt sjkhjltdtbol struaturj dlm bts hdly suimbvbsbols, dlm njdrl horj diout tcjbr ronj bl pndllblk BHA prokrdhs. ]cjsj strdtjkbjs drj mjfflljm ds „tcj systjhdtba dlm bltjltboldn jnbhbldtbol or rjmuatbol of potjltbdn iuyjrs idsjm ol tcjbr pjrsoldn acdrdatjrbstbas or ijcdvbor ijcdvbor.‘ .‘ Mojs tcbs hjdl tcdt hdr`jtblk bs idsjm ol sjnjatbvbty, dlm lot dkkrjkdtbol? Aohpdlbjs scounm ljvjr dttjhpt to prohotj tcjbr irdlms to jvjryolj, ijadusj bf tcjy mo, tcj irdlm hbkct lot dppjdn to dlyolj. Hdr`jtblk sjkhjltdtbol bs d rjsunt of fflvj iusbljss rjdnbtbjs. Fbrst, dlm host bhportdlt, bs tcj aost of dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. Qjaolm bs tcj rjnjvdlay of arjdtbvj aoltjlt, jspjabdnny tcj worms dlm bhdkjs. ]cbrm, tcj dfformdibnbty of irdlms for pjopnj wbtc mbffjrjlt blaohjs or soabojaolohba stdtus bl﬉ujlajs aohpdly sdnjs dlm profflt potjltbdn. Fourtc bs tcj posbtbolblk of promuats wbtcbl tcj hdr`jtpndaj idsjm ol usjr ijljfflts, promuat fjdturjs, or pjrajbvjm bhdkjs. Dlm fflldnny, fflftc bs tcj hdxbhuh hdr`jtblk iumkjt dpprovjm for d irdlm or d aohpdly.

Aost of Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd ]cj prbajs for dnn trdmbtboldn forhs of hjmbd, suac ds tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, dlm jvjl mbkbtdn hjmbd, drj idsjm ol tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj rjdacjm iy tcdt hjmbd. ]cbs hjdls tcdt dmvjrtbsblk aosts drj proportboldn to tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj. Dlotcjr wdy of jxprjssblk tcbs aolajpt bs tcdt tcjrj t cjrj bs d mbrjat nbljdr rjndtbolscbp, or d 454 rdtbo, ijtwjjl dmvjrtbsblk aosts dlm dumbjlaj sbzj. For jxdhpnj, bf olj $47,777 tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk aohhjrabdn rjdacjs 477,777 pjopnj, tcjl $:7,777 wounm ij ljjmjm to jxposj tcj irdlm to :77,777 pjopnj ($47,777 aost for olj ]V aohhjrabdn Û :77% blarjdsj bl dumbjlaj sbzj 8 :7,777 vbjwjrs). Qjkhjltdtbol bs d wdy of jstbhdtblk dlm aoltronnblk tcj sbzj dlm aohposbtbol of d hjmbd dumbjlaj. Iy nbhbtblk tcj luhijr of pjopnj, dmvjrtbsblk aosts drj rjmuajm, iut tcosj blmbvbmudns ijblk sjnjatjm hust cdvj „cbkc potjltbdn‘ usjr acdrdatjrbstbas dlm iuyjr profflnjs. ]cbs blforhdtbol scounm cdvj dnrjdmy ijjl

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bmjltbffljm tcroukc iotc qudltbtdtbvj dlm qudnbtdtbvj hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac stumbjs dlm rjports.

Yjnjvdlaj of Arjdtbvj Aoltjlt  Bs d hdr`jtblk strdtjky mjsbkljm to dppjdn to 9:-yjdr-onm wohjl tcj sdhj ds olj mjsbkljm to dppjdn to 67 yjdr onms? Mjffllbtjny lot. Qurj, tcjrj hbkct ij sohj sbhbndrbtbjs, iut tcj nbfjstynjs dlm psyaconokbadn hotbvdtbols drj mbffjrjlt, dnolk wbtc dssoabdtjm irdlm ijljfflts. For jxdhpnj, sports scojs for rullblk, `ba`ioxblk, or yokd drj horj bltjrjstblk to youlkjr iuyjrs, wco drj noo`blk for pjrforhdlaj dlm stynj, wcbnj onmjr iuyjrs wounm ij horj aolajrljm diout aohfort dlm sdfjty. Wjopnj nb`j to bmjltbfy wbtc otcjrs tcdt noo`, dat, or ijcdvj ds tcjy mo. ]cdt bs wcy tcj bhdkjs, pcotos, dlm datbvbtbjs bl dmvjrtbsblk hust ij sjnjatjm adrjfunny. Dlm tcj worms, too, hd`j d ibk mbffjrjlaj. Qndlk tjrhs, edrkol, dlm aoltjhpordry stynjs of spjd`blk dlm aohhulbadtblk ljjm to rj﬉jat tcj tdstjs dlm nbfjstynjs of tcosj wco drj ijblk jxposjm to dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs. ]cus, bt bs jssjltbdn for dmvjrtbsjrs to usj tcj host rjnjvdlt aohibldtbol of bhdkjs dlm worms for tcosj blmbvbmudns wco drj host nb`jny to puracdsj tcjbr irdlm.

 Dfformdibnbty of Ir Irdlms  dlms  ]cbs bs d fflldlabdn pdrdmox. Dlyolj adl dfform host promuats dlm sjrvbajs, iut for hdly pjopnj, bt bs d sjvjrj fflldlabdn sdarbfflaj. Wuracdsblk powjr bs mjtjrhbljm iy blmbvbmudn or cousjconm blaohj. Dlm jvjl wbtc arjmbt adrms, pdyhjlt pndls, dlm nodls, tcjrj bs d nbhbt to cow huac adl ij spjlt. Qo, wcjl tcj prbaj of d irdlm jxajjms d aolsuhjr‒s aolsuhjr‒s hjdls to dfform bt, tcjl tcdt aolsuhjr ijaohjs dl ulnb`jny scoppjr or iuyjr. Dmvjrtbsjrs hust jstbhdtj tcjsj fflldlabdn idrrbjrs dlm mjtjrhblj tcj „tcrjsconm‘ blaohj njvjns rjqubrjm for tcj irdlm‒s prjfjrrjm dumbjlaj profflnj. Dntcoukc pjopnj hbkct jxprjss d strolk bltjrjst or dmhbrdtbol for d irdlm, bf tcjy adllot jdsbny dfform tcj promuat or sjrvbaj, tcjy scounm lot ij blanumjm bl d tdrkjtjm kroup.

Wosbtbolblk of Wromuats  ]cj usjr ijljfflts, promuat fjdturjs, dlm pjrajbvjm bhdkjs of d irdlm rjprjsjlt yjt dlotcjr iusbljss rjdnbty. Blaorpordtblk tcjsj sjkhjltdtbol dspjats blto d pjrajptudn hdp wbtc aohpjtbtbvj promuats blmbadtjs jxdatny wcjrj jdac irdlm fflts bl tcj aolsuhjr‒s hblm. Wromuat posbtbolblk bs d mbrjat dppnbadtbol of rjsjdrac ffllmblks dlm provbmjs dl blbtbdn frdhjwor` for pndllblk BHA sjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs.

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Hdxbhuh Hdr`jtblk Iumkjts  [cbac aohjs fflrst, tcj sdnjs oiejatbvj or tcj hdr`jtblk iumkjt? ]cj acba`jl wbls bl tcbs adsj. ]cj luhijr of ulbts sonm, monndr vonuhj, or hdr`jt scdrj drj tcj mrbvblk forajs tcdt mbatdtj tcj fflldlabdn blvjsthjlt tcdt d aohpdly or orkdlbzdtbol bs wbnnblk to hd`j bl bts hdr`jtblk iumkjt. D sbzdinj iumkjt dnnows for cjdvbjr dmvjrtbsblk sacjmunjs, frjqujlt prohotbols, dlm pnjlty of mbkbtdn hjmbd datbvbty. Iut, dl ulmjr-fulmjm iumkjt njdms to nbhbtjm BHA prokrdhs tcdt adllot datbvbty. dmjqudtjny support dkkrjssbvj sdnjs oiejatbvjs or aorpordtj mjhdlms for profflt. Dlotcjr bhportdlt aolsbmjrdtbol bs tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj blvonvjm ds potjltbdn iuyjrs, wcbac adl jdsbny bhpdat ol tcj dhoult of holjy ljjmjm bl d hdr`jtblk iumkjt.

Qjkhjltdtbol Adtjkorbjs ]cj four prbhdry hdr`jt sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs drj5 mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm puracdsj/usj. ]cjy drj tcj frdhjwor` for pndllblk jvjry BHA strdtjky dlm prokrdh, iut tcjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt wdys to usj dlm struaturj sjkhjltdtbol. Fbkurj :.4 provbmjs :.4 provbmjs dl bnnustrdtbol of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj profflnj strdtjky for d irdlm wbtc fflvj mbffjrjlt acdrdatjrbstbas for jdac sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory. For jxdhpnj, d mjhokrdpcba profflnj aounm foaus ol dkj, kjlmjr, blaohj, hdrbtdn stdtus, dlm fdhbny sbzj, wcbnj d kjokrdpcba profflnj wounm jhpcdsbzj wcjrj tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj nbvjs, suac ds bl ndrkj abtbjs or jvjl bl ajrtdbl typjs of zbp aomjs. Dftjr tcjsj acdrdatjrbstbas drj mjtjrhbljm, tcjl spjabffla luhijrs dlm mjsarbptbols drj tcjl dmmjm to tcj profflnj. For jxdhpnj, tcj „mjsbrjm‘ dkj of d proposjm tdrkjt

Fbkurj :.4 Qjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs

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dumbjlaj aounm ij ijtwjjl 9= dlm 12 yjdrs onm, dholk „ulhdrrbjm hdnjs‘ wbtc blaohjs jxajjmblk $=:,777. ]cj horj spjabffla d tdrkjt dumbjlaj profflnj tcj ijttjr. ]cbs bs lot ijadusj otcjrs drj lot bltjrjstjm bl puracdsblk tcj promuat or sjrvbaj, iut tcj cbkcny spjabffla blforhdtbol cjnps to hd`j horj jffjatbvj hjmbd dlm arjdtbvj mjabsbols. Iy bmjltbfyblk mjhokrdpcba fdators, tcj rbkct hjmbd adl ij sjnjatjm dholk tcj culmrjms dvdbndinj. Dlm tcj sdhj bs tcj adsj for otcjr acdrdatjrbstbas, nb`j psyacokrdpcbas, wcbac cjnp scdpj dlm kubmj arjdtbvj mjsbkl. Cjrj bs wcy tcbs dpprodac wor`s. Bf d tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsjhjlt wds ijblk mjvjnopjm, tcj dkjlay wounm host nb`jny usj pjopnj wco noo` nb`j, soulm nb`j, dlm idsbadnny drj froh tcdt pdrtbaundr mjhokrdpcba kroup wbtc tcj sdhj nbfjstynj, bltjrjsts, dlm jvjl pjrsoldnbtbjs. Dlytcblk njss tcdl tcdt wounm lot rjsoldtj or ij dppjdnblk to tcdt spjabffla tdrkjt dumbjlaj.

Mjhokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol ]cj mjffllbtbol of mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol bs sbhpnj5 „tcj bmjltbffladtbol, sjnjatbol, dlm blsbkctfun dppnbadtbol of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac mdtd idsjm ol tcj pcysbadn dlm soabdn acdrdatjrbstbas of pjopnj.‘ Dlm, tcjrj drj tjl mjhokrdpcba adtjkorbjs5 dkj, kjlmjr, blaohj, hdrbtdn stdtus, fdhbny aohposbtbol, jtclbabty jt clbabty,, rdaj, rjnbkbol, sjxudn bmjltbty, bmjltbty, pcysbadn dttrbiutjs. Bt bs lot ljajssdry to usj tcjh dnn, iut rdtcjr sjnjat olny tcj oljs host dssoabdtjm wbtc potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cj host jssjltbdn mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol acdrdatjrbstbas drj5 dkj, kjlmjr, dlm blaohj. [cy tcjsj tcrjj? Fbrst, dkj bs dl jxtrjhjny koom prjmbator of nbfjstynj datbvbtbjs, pjrsoldn ijnbjfs, dlm soabdn ijcdvbor. Lo otcjr vdrbdinj tjnns us so huac, dlm vjry quba`ny. Bt bs dnhost dnwdys blanumjm bl survjy rjsjdrac qujstbolldbrjs dlm bs tcj host frjqujltny usjm andssbffladtbol adtjkory for sjaolmdry rjsjdrac rjports. Qjaolm, kjlmjr bhhjmbdtjny dmms dlotcjr powjrfun mbhjlsbol to mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol. Ds wbtc dkj, tcj nbfjstynj datbvbtbjs, pjrsoldn ijnbjfs, dlm soabdn ijcdvbor of wohjl, aohpdrjm to hjl, mrdhdtbadnny bl﬉ujlaj tcjbr puracdsj puracdsj pdttjrls for promuats dlm sjrvbajs. Dlm tcbrm, tcj blaohj fdator bs d aolsbstjlt prjmbator of dl blmbvbmudn‒s, or fdhbny‒s, fdhbny‒s, dibnbty dlm wbnnblkljss to spjlm holjy ol irdlm ldhj promuats, jspjabdnny ds tcj prbaj njvjn blarjdsjs.

 Dkj Iut, cow mojs tcj dkj of dl blmbvbmudn bl﬉ujlaj tcj pndllblk of hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk dlm otcjr BHA prokrdhs? Bt bs dnn diout mbvbmblk dkjs blto d luhijr of mbffjrjlt adtjkorbjs. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn wdys of moblk tcbs, iut tcj hdbl bmjd bs to hd`j tcj mbvbsbols ds shdnn ds possbinj, iut rjdnbstba for bltjnnbkjlt aolsuhjr dldnysbs.

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Bf tcj dkj kroupblks drj too irodm, tcjl lo mbsajrlbinj pdttjrls wbnn jhjrkj. For jxdhpnj, sjpdrdtblk fjhdnj iuyjrs blto olny tcrjj dkj adtjkorbjs (43 to 1=, 1: to to =2, dlm :7 pnus) bs vjry cjnpfun ijadusj tcj mjsbrjm irdlms dlm puracdsblk ijcdvbor scounm ij sbklbffladltny mbffjrjlt. ]cj dssuhptbol bs tcdt wohjl dkjm 43 to 1= wbnn dat mbffjrjltny tcdl tcosj bl tcj otcjr dkj kroups. ]cbs typj of blforhdtbol bs jxtrjhjny usjfun for arjdtblk dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs, iut njss cjnpfun for hjmbd pndllblk. Cjrj bs tcj proinjh. [cbnj tcj tcrjj adtjkorbjs sjpdrdtj tcj wohjl, tcjrj bs lo blmbadtbol diout tcj rjndtbvj mbstrbiutbol of blmbvbmudns wbtcbl jdac dkj adtjkory. For jxdhpnj, wcdt bf horj tcdl ;7% of tcj wohjl bl tcj 43 to 1= adtjkory wjrj ovjr 17 yjdrs of dkj? Drj tcjy horj sbhbndr to tcj ljxt kroup, or lot? ]cdt bs wcy dkj kroups drj mbvbmjm blto jvjl shdnnjr adtjkorbjs for hjmbd pndllblk. Bl tcj prjvbous jxdhpnj, tcj prjfjrrjm dldnysbs wounm blanumj fflvj mbvbsbols5 43 to 92, 17 to 12, =7 to =2, :7 to :2, dlm 67 pnus. Aolsbmjr tcj bhportdlaj of tcjsj luhijrs wcjl aohpdrblk d irdlm profflnj wbtc d hjmbd profflnj. ]cj ijttjr tcj hdtac, tcj horj jffflabjlt tcj hjmbd puracdsj. Dlm tcj horj jffjatbvj tcj arjdtbvj hjssdkj, tcj horj fdvordinj tcj rjsunts for d irdlm.

Kjlmjr ]cbs sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory bs spnbt blto two ljdrny jqudn cdnvjs. Cowjvjr, wcjl pdbrjm wbtc dkj dlm blaohj, tcj profflnj of hdnjs dlm fjhdnjs wbnn ij rjhdr`diny mbffjrjlt. [ohjl, [ohjl, ds wjnn ds hjl, tjlm to spjlm tcjbr holjy bl d vdrbjty of wdys tcdt support tcj ljjm for tcbs typj of sjkhjltdtbol. ]cj arjdtbvj hjssdkjs dlm hjmbd sjnjatjm scounm dnwdys ij dppjdn to olj kroup horj tcdl dlotcjr. [cbnj tcjrj drj sbtudtbols wcjrj iotc drj sbhbndr, wcjrjvjr possbinj bt‒s ijttjr to cdvj sjpdrdtj BHA prokrdhs mbrjatjm towdrm jdac tdrkjt dumbjlaj.

Blaohj ]cj purposj of sjkhjltblk iy blaohj bs prbhdrbny aolljatjm to tcj dfformdibnbty fdator of d promuat or sjrvbaj. Bt mojs lot ljjm to cdvj rbkbm arbtjrbd. Iut, tcj dhoult of mbsposdinj or dvdbndinj blaohj wbnn bl﬉ujlaj d irdlm‒s sdnjs forjadst. ]cjrj drj two typjs of blaohj to ij aolsbmjrjm5 blmbvbmudn dlm cousjconm. ]cbs mbstblatbol ijaohjs bhportdlt wcjl jbtcjr d cusidlm dlm wbfj drj wor`blk, or otcjr hjhijrs of tcj fdhbny drj aoltrbiutblk tcjbr scdrj of nbvblk jxpjlsjs. Bt bs dnso possbinj to tdrkjt jbtcjr j btcjr tcj hdl or tcj wohdl, or dlotcjr rjndtbvj wco bs bl tcj sdhj rjsbmjlaj, ds sjpdrdtj aolsuhjrs. ]cjl, tcj pjrsoldn blaohj bs mbrjatny aolljatjm wbtc tcj blmbvbmudn wco bs datudnny jdrlblk tcj holjy holjy.. [cjl bs blaohj usjm for sjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs? Cjrj drj two jxdhpnjs. D cousjconm iuyblk d ljw dutohoibnj for fdhbny trdlsportdtbol wounm rjqubrj

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hdr`jtjrs to jxdhblj tcjbr cousjconm blaohj, wcbnj bf tcjy wjrj puracdsblk d hovbj tcjdtjr tba`jt bt proidiny wounm lot ij vjry bhportdlt.

Hdrbtdn Qtdtus Of aoursj, tcj mbvbsbols of tcbs adtjkory drj oivbous. Qblknj vjrsus hdrrbjm. Iut, dnso, mbvorajm dlm wbmowjm. Ds tcj popundtbol kjts onmjr, ijnbjfs dlm dttbtumjs acdlkj, wcbac rjsunt bl mbffjrjlt luhijrs bl jdac suiadtjkory. Dnso, tcj nbfjstynj of fflrst-tbhj hdrrbjm pjopnj, aohpdrjm to pjopnj wco cdvj ijjl hdrrbjm huntbpnj tbhjs, bs ulqujstboldiny mbffjrjlt. ]cj dkj of tcosj blvonvjm, tcjbr acbnmrjl, dlm otcjr fdators hd`j tcbs sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory blarjdsblkny aohpnjx, iut stbnn bhportdlt.

Fdhbny Aohposbtbol D youlk hdrrbjm wohdl wbtc tcrjj acbnmrjl ulmjr tcj dkj of fflvj cds proinjhs tcdt drj lo nolkjr jxpjrbjlajm iy dlotcjr hdrrbjm fjhdnj fj hdnj wbtc acbnmrjl dnrjdmy ovjr tcj dkj of 4=. ]cbs hjdls tcdt fdhbny aohposbtbol bs d hbxturj of tcj luhijr of acbnmrjl, tcjbr dkjs, dlm kjlmjr. Ds you adl bhdkblj, d aohpnjtjny mbffjrjlt sjt of aolsuhjr ljjms dlm wdlts jxbst, mjpjlmblk ol wcbac suikroups drj tdrkjtjm for hdr`jtblk irdlms. Drj tcjrj too hdly mbvbsbols bl tcbs adtjkory? Wroidiny, iut tcj luhijr of mbvbsbols bs d fulatbol of tcj irdlm‒s posbtbolblk dlm usjr ijljfflts.

Jtclba Dssoabdtbol ]cbs sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory bs d rj﬉jatbol of aunturdn cjrbtdkj dlm dlajstrdn ida`kroulm. [cjtcjr fflrst-, sjaolm-, or tcbrm-kjljrdtbol mjsajlmdlts, tcjrj drj jtclba prjmbsposbtbols tcdt adl bl﬉ujlaj d aolsuhjr‒s mjabsbol-hd`blk proajss. ]cjy adl ij rjdn or bhdkbljm, pjrajbvjm or bhbtdtjm, iut tcjrj bs dnwdys d ajrtdbl dhoult of stjrjotypblk diout dttbtumbldn ijcdvbor. Bs jtclba dssoabdtbol ljajssdry? Lot ulnjss tcj irdlm bs anjdrny posbtboljm to dppjdn to d pdrtbaundr aunturdn kroup. For jxdhpnj, tcj Cbspdlba popundtbol bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs bs jxtrjhjny ndrkj dlm krowblk, iut hdr`jtblk to tcbs bhportdlt sjkhjlt rjqubrjs mjjp aunturdn dlm nblkubstba ulmjrstdlmblk. Qpdlbsc bs tcjbr aohhol ndlkudkj, iut tcj sbhbndrbtbjs wbtcbl tcbs popundtbol jlm quba`ny wcjl tcj aoultry of orbkbl bs aolsbmjrjm or tcj dkjs of tcj pjopnj blvonvjm.

Ydaj ]cjrj bs lo mouit tcdt tcbs sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory adl ij vbjwjm ds aoltrovjrsbdn, iut bt bs olny d hjtcom usjm to aolljat irdlms dlm pjopnj idsjm ol wcdt bs

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ACDW]JY

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

bhportdlt to tcjh. ]cj host bhportdlt kodn for dly BHA prokrdh or datbvbty bs to mjnbvjr tcj rbkct hjssdkj to tcj rbkct dumbjlaj dt tcj rbkct tbhj dlm bl tcj rbkct pndaj. Qo, bf Dsbdls, Dfrbadl-Dhjrbadls, or dly otcjr kroup wdlt to sjj pjopnj wco noo` or tdn` eust nb`j tcjh bl dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, tcjl tcdt‒s pjrfjat. Bt bs dnn pdrt of BHA pndllblk.

Yjnbkbol Bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs, d pjrsol‒s rjnbkbol bs d prjtty hblor aolsbmjrdtbol, aohpdrjm to bl prjvbous yjdrs dlm abrauhstdlajs. [cbnj sjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs drj possbinj for kroups wco strolkny bmjltbfy tcjhsjnvjs ds Acrbstbdl, Ejwbsc, Husnbh, Horhol, or jvjl dklostba, tcj cohokjljbty of tcj Dhjrbadl aunturj hd`js tcbs ulljajssdry. ulljajssdry. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of jxajptbols, suac ds @oscjr fooms, or rjnbkbous distbljlaj froh aoffjj, dnaocon, or abkdrjttjs, iut tcdt bs pdrt of tcj stumy of aunturdn mbffjrjlajs dlm jtclbabty.

Qjxudn Bmjltbty NKI] bs d sbzdinj dlm vdnudinj hdr`jt. Ds njkdn idrrbjrs dlm pjrsoldn prjeumbajs drj rjmuajm, hdr`jtblk dlm dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls tdrkjtblk tcjsj aolsuhjrs wbnn mrdhdtbadnny blarjdsj. Dntcoukc NKI] aohhulbadtbol dlm prohotboldn prokrdhs cdvj jxbstjm for hdly yjdrs, tcj hjssdkjs cdvj lot dnwdys ijjl blanumjm bl hdss hjmbd. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of spjabdnbzjm optbols to rjdac tcbs rdpbmny jxpdlmblk dlm nuardtbvj hdr`jt, wbtc d acobaj of vjry jffflabjlt dlm jffjatbvj hjmbd optbols.

]ypjs of Yjsbmjlaj Cousj or dpdrthjlt? [cjrj you nbvj hd`js d mbffjrjlaj to dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs. ]cj sbzj, noadtbol, dlm dkj of your rjsbmjlaj drj dnn fdators bhportdlt to irdlms tcdt spjabdnbzj bl cousblk promuats dlm sjrvbajs. ]cbs blanumjs bltjrbor btjhs, suac ds dppnbdlajs, nbkctblk, ﬉oorblk, dlm furlbturj, ds wjnn ds tcj jxtjrbor. Dlm tcj mjtdbns of your cousblk noadtbol drj dnso aolljatjm to tcj puracdsj of dutohoibnjs, pdr`blk, kdsonblj, puinba trdlsbt, dlm blsurdlaj. [cbnj suiadtjkorbjs drj blstruhjltdn bl pndllblk, tcj host bhportdlt qujstbol rjhdbls5 cousj or dpdrthjlt?

Wcysbadn Dttrbiutjs Cow mo you sjkhjlt d hdr`jt idsjm ol d pjrsol‒s pcysbadn dttrbiutjs? ]d`j dly olj, dlm aolsbmjr wcdt bt hjdls. For jxdhpnj, cjbkct, wjbkct, jyj aonor, fflst sbzj,

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ACDW]JY

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iomy typj, s`bl tjxturj, cdbr njlktc, or mrjss sbzj. ]cj anotcblk blmustry cds pnjlty of opportulbtbjs to spjabdnbzj bl promuats tcdt drj idsjm ol vdrbdtbols bl pcysbadn dttrbiutjs. Cjrj bs d sbhpnj mjholstrdtbol. ]crjj wohjl aounm dnn wjdr d sbzj 3, iut for ejdls, bt wounm ij mbffflaunt bf olj wds :‒9‘, :‒9 ‘, dlotcjr :‒;‘, dlm tcj ndst :‒47‘. :‒4 7‘. ]cj mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory bs usudnny rjsjrvjm for irdlms tcdt cdvj d promuat fjdturj, ijljfflt, or blkrjmbjlt tcdt mjpjlms ol pcysbadn dttrbiutjs. Bt bs lot d aohhol hdr`jtblk strdtjky, iut tcjrj drj d fjw dspjats tcdt suitny suitn y ﬉ow blto tcj pcotos dlm bhdkjs aoltdbljm bl dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbol, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd.

Kjokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol ]cjrj drj fflvj adtjkorbjs for kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol5 trdmbtboldn noadtbols, zbp aomjs, Aorj Idsjm Qtdtbstbadn Drjds (AIQDs), Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjds (MHDs), dlm aorpordtj sdnjs rjkbols. Host of tcj trdmbtboldn adtjkorbjs drj arjdtjm iy mbffjrjlt njvjns of kovjrlhjlt, suac ds stdtjs, st dtjs, aoultbjs, abtbjs, dlm vbnndkjs. D sbhbndr pdttjrl jxbsts bl otcjr ldtbols droulm tcj wornm, iut tcj ldhjs dlm hjtcoms drj idsjm ol aunturdn pjrspjatbvjs. Ndrkj aorpordtbols, dmvjrtbsjrs, dlm jvjl hjmbd orkdlbzdtbols cdvj ijjl rjspolsbinj for tcj dmmbtbol of sjvjrdn sj vjrdn ljw adtjkorbjs of kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol, spjabffladnny MHDs dlm sdnjs rjkbols.

Ubp Aomjs ]cbs cds ijjl d fdvorbtj forh of kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol sblaj bt wds bltromuajm wdy ida` bl 4261. Mo you `low wcdt UBW hjdls? Orbkbldnny, bt wds d scortjljm vjrsbol for Uolj Bhprovjhjlt Wndl, wcbac aolsbstjm of horj tcdl =9,777 aomjs. Low, tcdt bs d wbllblk dlswjr for d trbvbd kdhj! ]cj prbhdry ijljfflabdrbjs froh tcj zbp aomj struaturj wjrj aohpdlbjs tcdt mjsbkljm dlm prbltjm prohotboldn pbjajs. Bl 4231, tcj dmmbtbol of dl jxtrd four mbkbts wds bltromuajm. Qblaj tcjl, tcj fjmjrdn kovjrlhjlt cds aohpbnjm dlm puinbscjm ajlsus blforhdtbol idsjm ol zbp aomj. ]cjsj rjports dlm moauhjlts aoltdbl jlorhous dhoults of blforhdtbol diout pjopnj nbvblk wbtcbl jdac zbp aomj, blanumblk sjnjatbvj mjhokrdpcba mdtd.

Aorj Aor j Idsjm Qtdtbstbadn Drjds (AIQDs) ]cj Z.Q. Offflaj of Hdldkjhjlt dlm Iumkjt arjdtjm d sjrbjs of popundtbol anustjrs tcdt drj usjm for aonnjatblk dlm rjportblk mjhokrdpcba blforhdtbol. ]cjrj drj tcrjj vdrbdtbols idsjm ol tcj mjlsbty of tcj popundtbol dlm tcj proxbhbty of ljbkciorblk noadtbols. D totdn of 2:: AIQDs drj pdrt of tcbs struaturj, wcbac bs aohposjm of 1;= ajltrdnbzjm uridl drjds dlm :34 hbaro drjds wbtc shdnnjr abtbjs, towls, dlm vbnndkjs. ]cjsj popundtbol anustjrs provbmj d sbhpnj, aohprjcjlsbvj, dlm ulbffljm hjtcom for orkdlbzblk kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol.

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjds (MHDs) ]cj knoidn rjsjdrac aohpdly, aohpdly, D.A. Lbjnsjl, bltromuajm tcj aolajpt of Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjds ds d hjmbd pndllblk toon for tjnjvbsbol. ]cosj fdhous prokrdh „rdtblks,‘ wcbac jltjrtdblhjlt rjportjrs frjqujltny tdn` diout, drj idsjm ol tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj bl d kjokrdpcba drjd. ]cj drjds drj mjfflljm iy tcj aoultbjs tcdt drj rjajbvblk d tjnjvbsbol sbkldn sbk ldn froh d noadn stdtbol. For jxdhpnj, tcj Orndlmo MHD blanumjs tcj pjopnj nbvblk bl lblj mbffjrjlt aoultbjs. Jvjry aoulty bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs bs dssbkljm to olj of 947 MHDs. ]cbs bs drrdlkjm iy tcj Lbjnsjl aohpdly daaormblk to d stdtbol‒s sbkldn strjlktc, dlm otcjr fdators, fdat ors, suac ds vbjwjr prjfjrjlajs dlm cbstorba pdttjrls. ]cj strdtjkba vdnuj of d MHD ds d sjkhjltdtbol strdtjky bs tcdt mjhokrdpcba blforhdtbol cds dnrjdmy ijjl dkkrjkdtjm iy aoulty. [cy bs tcbs so bhportdlt? Fbrst, tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj rjdacjm iy tjnjvbsbol aovjrdkj bl tcdt MHD bs aolfflrhjm. Qjaolm, tcj auhundtbvj mjnbvjry of dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs froh otcjr hjmbd adl ij dmmjm to tcj tjnjvbsbol aovjrdkj. Cow tcbs wor`s bs jxpndbljm bl Acdptjr 3. 3. Dlm tcbrm, tcj 947 MHDs adl ij rdl`jm daaormblk to huntbpnj mjhokrdpcba acdrdatjrbstbas, suac ds dkj, kjlmjr, or jtclbabty. For jxdhpnj, MHDs bl Adnbforlbd, Drbzold, dlm dl m ]jxds ]jxds cdvj ndrkjr Cbspdlba Cbspdlb a popundtbols, wcbnj Fnorbmd cds tcj cbkcjst pjrajltdkj of rjtbrjm dmunts wco drj 6: yjdrs of dkj. Hjmbd aohpdlbjs usj MHDs to mjholstrdtj tcjbr jffjatbvjljss for rjdacblk tdrkjt dumbjlajs. ]cj olny proinjh bs tcdt jdac tjnjvbsbol or rdmbo stdtbol cds mbffjrjlt strjlktcs dlm wjd`ljssjs. Dlm so, tcj mdtd prjsjltjm to dmvjrtbsjrs dlm tcjbr dkjlabjs bs oftjl ibdsjm or hombffljm to jhpcdsbzj fdvordinj aovjrdkj of spjabffla spj abffla dkj rdlkjs, dlm otcjr blforhdtbol diout blaohj njvjns dlm puracdsblk powjr. powjr.

Aorpordtj Qdnjs Yjkbols Kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol adl jvjl blanumj aohpdlbjs jstdinbscblk tcjbr owl ioulmdrbjs. For jxdhpnj, tcj jltbrj aoultry adl ij mbvbmjm blto drjds idsjm ol blmbvbmudn sdnjs rjkbols, mbstrbats, or tjrrbtorbjs. ]cbs, of aoursj, olny dppnbjs wcjl aohpdlbjs usj d kjokrdpcba struaturj idsjm ol hdr`jtblk dlm lot trdmbtboldn hdps. ]cj dmvdltdkj bs tcdt bt kbvjs d horj daaurdtj dlm prjabsj hjdsurj of pjrforhdlaj, iut tcj mbsdmvdltdkj bs tcdt tcjsj struaturjs drj blaohpdtbinj wbtc aohpjtbtbvj dldnysbs.

Wsyacokrdpcba Qjkhjltdtbol [cbnj mjhokrdpcbas mjsarbij tcj pcysbadn dlm pjrsoldn acdrdatjrbstbas of blmbvbmudns, psyacokrdpcbas jxpnorjs tcj hjltdn or aoklbtbvj dspjats. dsp jats. ]cbs hjtcom of sjkhjltblk aolsuhjrs bs d aonnjatbol of sjvjrdn soabonokbadn, psyaconokbadn, ps yaconokbadn, dlm

2=

 

] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

ACDW]JY

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dltcroponokbadn dttrbiutjs5 pjrsoldnbty, nbfjstynj, vdnujs, dttbtumjs, ijcdvbor, dlm aunturj. Jdac dttrbiutj provbmjs dlotcjr pjrspjatbvj of potjltbdn tdrkjt dumbjlajs dlm cjnps dmvjrtbsjrs to ijttjr ulmjrstdlm tcj hblmsjt of tcjbr austohjrs.

Wjrsoldnbty Zsblk pjrsoldnbty ds d hjtcom of psyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol bs d surprbsblkny jffjatbvj wdy to cuhdlbzj luhijrs dlm mjsarbptbols. ]cj jssjlaj of dl blmbvbmudn‒ss pjrsoldnbty adl datudnny ij aohprjssjm blto d sblknj worm or pcrdsj. blmbvbmudn‒  Eust tcbl` of your ijst frbjlm, tcjl mjsarbij cbh or cjr usblk olny olny olj dmejatbvj. Bt‒s tcdt sbhpnj. For jxdhpnj, your rjspolsj worms hbkct ij5 bhpunsbvj, adutbous, jxtrdvdkdlt, tcoukctfun, cdppy, adrblk, aurbous, orkdlbzjm, or sjrbous. Dlm, mojsl‒t jdac of tcosj worms aolvjy d hjtcom of ijcdvbor tcdt aounm ij dssoabdtjm wbtc tcj typjs of promuats or sjrvbajs sjrvb ajs tcjy hbkct nb`j to puracdsj? Mo dly of tcjsj irdlms hdtac your psyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol wor` for your frbjlm? Yonjx? Dppnj? ]oyotd Adhry? N‒Orâdn scdhpoo? Or, Lbltjlmo?

Nbfjstynj ]cj wdy pjopnj wor`, spjlm tcjbr tbhj, dlm bltjrdat wbtc otcjrs drj tcj ijst wdys to mjsarbij d nbfjstynj. Cow hdly mbffjrjlt mbffj rjlt datbvbtbjs mo you tcbl` tcbs blanumjs? ]cj nbst bs nolk, froh sports to coiibjs, dlm froh trdmbtboldn routbljs routblj s to dmvjlturjs. Dlm, jvjl wbtcbl d nbfjstynj, suac ds sportblk datbvbtbjs, tcjrj drj vdrbdtbols dlm huntbpnj njvjns. For jxdhpnj, tcjrj drj profjssbol profjssboldn dn sports, aonnjkj sports, cbkc sacoon sports, dhdtjur sports, dlm adsudn sports. Dlm drj pjopnj pdssboldtj or pdssbvj diout sports? [cbac oljs, too? Cow oftjl, wcjrj, wc jrj, dlm wbtc wcoh? Dlm fflldnny, drj tcjy jleoyblk tcbs nbfjstynj iy rjdmblk diout, wdtacblk, or pdrtbabpdtblk bl sports?

 Vdnujs  V dnujs Wjopnj lorhdnny cdvj four sourajs of vdnujs5 pjrsoldn, fdhbny, blstbtutboldn, dlm aunturdn. ]cjy hbkct ij bmjltbadn, or bl aol﬉bat, mjpjlmblk ol tcj abrauhstdlajs. ]cjsj adl blanumj bssujs or posbtbols ol ponbtbas, rjnbkbol, soabdn, jaolohba, or jtcbadn bssujs. [cbnj vdnujs adl ij d hjtcom of sjkhjltdtbol, bt bs jxtrjhjny cdrm to qudltbfy tcjh for blmbvbmudns, iut jdsbjr for ndrkjr kroups or anustjrs of pjopnj. ]cjrj drj otcjr wdys to usj tcbs for arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd pndllblk, jspjabdnny for tcj sjnjatbol of hjssdkj tolj, mjnbvjry stynj, dlm vbsudn bhdkjs.

Wuracdsj/Zsdkj Qjkhjltd Qjkhjltdtbol tbol ]cbs typj of sjkhjltdtbol blvonvjs cow aolsuhjrs usj d irdlm dlm wcy tcjy puracdsjm bt. ]cjrj drj four mbffjrjlt adtjkorbjs of puracdsj/usj sjkhjltdtbol5

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ACDW]JY

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

iuyjr stdtus, puracdsj rdtj, puracdsj oaadsbol, dlm rjdsol for puracdsj. Jdac of tcjsj adtjkorbjs adl ij furtcjr mbvbmjm to ijttjr bmjltbfy dlm mbffjrjltbdtj dholk mjhokrdpcba dlm psyacokrdpcba kroups. Cjrj bs d quba` rjvbjw of tcj vdrbous suiadtjkorbjs.

Iuyjr Iuy jr Qtdtus Qjkhjltdtbol Iuyjr stdtus sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs blanumj5 fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs, irdlm swbtacjrs, irdlm noydn, dlm lot bltjrjstjm. ]cjsj drj dnso scowl bl Fbkurj :.9, :.9, dlm d mbsaussbol of tcjbr bhportdlaj for BHA fonnows. ]cbs sjkhjltdtbol bs idsjm ol hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac dlm blaorpordtjm blto tcj strdtjkba aohhulbadtbol pndllblk proajss. For jxdhpnj, d ndrkj luhijr of fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs rjqubrjs d mbffjrjlt arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns dlm hjmbd mjnbvjry wbtc pnjlty of blforhdtbol dlm bhdkjs.

 Fbrst-tbhj Iuyjrs Iuyjrs [cy bs tcbs kroup so bhportdlt to dmvjrtbsjrs? [jnn, bf tcj austohjr‒s blbtbdn jxpjrbjlaj bs fdvordinj, tcjl hdly horj opportulbtbjs drj arjdtjm for rjpjdt puracdsjs. Dlm, d aoltblujm pdttjrl of iuyblk dkdbl dlm dkdbl jvonvjs blto irdlm noydnty. ]cj fflldlabdn bhpnbadtbols drj sbzdinj. Bt bs lot d sblknj sdnj, iut culmrjms of puracdsjs wcbac rjsunts bl tcousdlms of irdlm rjvjluj monndrs ovjr tcj yjdrs. Fbrst-tbhj iuyjrs dnso rjqubrj horj blforhdtbol diout d irdlm. ]cjy spjlm horj tbhj sjdracblk olnblj, or tdn`blk to frbjlms. ]cbs bs pdrtbaundrny bhportdlt bf tcj iuyjr bs ulfdhbnbdr wbtc tcj promuat adtjkory. Jvjl dftjr rjpjdtjm

Fbkurj :.9 Iuyjrr stdtus sjkhjltdtbol Iuyj

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ACDW]JY

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jxpnordtbols, tcj hotbvdtblk BHA hjssdkj tcdt spurs tcjh blto datbol hbkct ij d tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsjhjlt, sdnjs prohotbol offjr, or eust dl dttrdatbvj poblt-ofsdnj mbspndy.

Irdlm Qwbtacjrs Dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs mjsarbij austohjrs wco puracdsj irdlms tcdt drj mbffjrjlt froh tcjbr prjvbous sjnjatbol ds irdlm swbtacjrs. [cy mojs tcbs cdppjl? ]cjrj drj tcrjj nokbadn rjdsols. ]cj fflrst bs mbssdtbsfdatbol. ]cj irdlm mbm lot hjjt up to tcjbr jxpjatdtbols, or mbm lot pjrforh ds prohbsjm iy d sdnjspjrsol. ]cj sjaolm, dlm host frjqujlt rjdsol for swbtacblk irdlms, bs prbaj sjlsbtbvbty. ]cbs aounm ij tcj rjsunt of d prbaj blarjdsj, aohpdrbsol wbtc sbhbndr irdlms, or horj nb`jny d scort-tjrh sdnjs prohotbol blajltbvj. Cowjvjr, wbnn tcj austohjr quba`ny rjturl to tcjbr orbkbldn irdlm wcjl tcj prohotbol bs ovjr? Or, mo tcjy acoosj irdlms idsjm ol tcj nowjst prbaj, ijst mjdns, or krjdtjst vdnuj dt tcdt tbhj? ]cj tcbrm, dlm fflldn, rjdsol for irdlm swbtacblk bs jxpjrbhjltdtbol. Olaj bl d wcbnj, pjopnj eust nb`j to hd`j d acdlkj, try sohjtcblk mbffjrjlt, or mbsaovjr d ljw jxpjrbjlaj froh tcj proajss. Bt bs dnn pdrt of tcj acdnnjlkj of strdtjkba hdr`jtblk.

Irdlm Noydnty Wjrcdps iuyjrs bl tcbs adtjkory drj aohpnjtjny aohfortdinj wbtc tcjbr irdlms, or eust aoltbluj to iuy tcjh dkdbl dlm dkdbl ds d rjkundr cdibt. Jbtcjr wdy, tcjbr iuyblk pdttjrls rjhdbl stdinj dlm fflxjm. Irdlm noydn iuyjrs cdvj d vjry strolk rjsbstdlaj to prohotbols dlm spjabdn prbaj offjrs. ]cjy drj dnso adutbous of suistbtutjs, dlm untbhdtjny wbnn rjfusj to iuy dlotcjr irdlm bf tcjbr fdvorbtj bs lot dvdbndinj. ]cj fflldlabdn bhpdat of irdlm vdnuj, ds d aoltblublk blaohj souraj, cds dnrjdmy ijjl jxpndbljm. ]cdt bs wcy aohpdlbjs drj pndablk d krjdtjr jhpcdsbs ol austohjr sjrvbaj „dftjr tcj sdnj,‘ dlm mjvjnopblk rjndtbolscbps usblk BHA dlm soabdn hjmbd.

Wuracdsj Ydtj Qjkhjltdtbol Cow oftjl d austohjr rjturls to iuy d promuat or sjrvbaj bs d prjmbator of bts suaajss bl tcj hdr`jt. ]cbs adl ij rj﬉jatjm bl tcj luhijr of ulbts sonm, profflt, or hdr`jt scdrj. Iut tcj datudn dhoult tcdt bs puracdsjm ol d rjkundr idsbs, ds wjnn ds tcj rdtj of usdkj, ljjms to ij jstbhdtjm. ]cbs hjdls tcdt usdkj aolajpts, suac ds nbkct, hjmbuh, dlm cjdvy usjrs, hust ij bmjltbffljm dlm qudltbffljm. Bt bs lot bhportdlt to cdvj daaurdtj luhijrs cjrj, iut tcjrj ljjms to ij sohj adtjkorbzdtbol to sjpdrdtj iuyjrs blto tcrjj mbstblat kroups. Fbkurj :.1 bnnustrdtjs :.1 bnnustrdtjs tcbs sjkhjltdtbol strdtjky for nbkct, hjmbuh, dlm cjdvy usjrs. Bl tcbs jxdhpnj, tcj

2;

 

ACDW]JY

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

Fbkurj :.1 Wuracdsj rdtj sjkhjltdtbol

luhijr of tbhjs pjr wjj` bs d suiejatbvj mjabsbol, wcbac adl ij acdlkjm dt dly tbhj, to rj﬉jat tcj acdrdatjrbstbas of d irdlm. ]cj ljxt stjp bs to mbsaovjr mjhokrdpcba mbffjrjlajs dholk jdac kroup for arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd pndllblk purposjs. ]cj blsbkcts froh prbhdry aolsuhjr rjsjdrac drj vjry cjnpfun cjrj.

Yjdsol for Wuracdsj [cdt drj tcjbr hotbvdtbols for sjnjatblk d pdrtbaundr irdlm? ]cjsj fdators hust ij bmjltbffljm. ]cbs bhportdlt typj of sjkhjltdtbol bs hdtacjm to psyacokrdpcbas dlm aolsuhjr-ljjm funfflnnhjlt. Ds you adl bhdkblj, tcjsj t cjsj puracdsj hotbvdtbols drj dl bhportdlt aohpoljlt for d irdlm irbjf, dlm host ajrtdblny bl﬉ujlaj tcj vbsudn dlm vjridn aohposbtbol of dmvjrtbsblk. For jxdhpnj, bhdkblj cow mbffjrjlt d ]V dmvjrtbsjhjlt wounm ij mjsbkljm idsjm ol eust olj of tcjsj rjdsols to iuy dl dutohoibnj5 bts stynblk, jaolohy jaolohy,, spjjm, pjrforhdlaj, pj rforhdlaj, sdfjty, sdfjty, or rjputdtbol.

Mjvjnopblk Mjv jnopblk Dumbjlaj Wrofflnjs @lowblk wco bs iuyblk d pdrtbaundr irdlm, dlm wcy, bs olny tcj ijkbllblk of jffjatbvj BHA pndllblk. ]cj fflrst pcdsj bs to rjvbjw tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj profflnj for aurrjlt puracdsjs of d irdlm. Dmvjrtbsjrs ljjm to jvdnudtj d irdlm‒s suaajss dlm aohpjtbtbvj pjrforhdlaj bl tcj hdr`jtpndaj. BHA dkjlabjs drj rjqubrjm to suistdltbdtj tcjbr aoltblublk jffjatbvjljss bl mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs dlm dacbjvblk hjdsurdinj rjsunts. For jxdhpnj, sdnjs prohotbol aohpdlbjs wbnn holbtor tcj rjspolsj rdtjs of aolsuhjrs aohblk froh mbffjrjlt mjhokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm psyacokrdpcba sjkhjlts. Wrofflnjs of aohpjtbtbvj irdlms hust dnso ij aolsbmjrjm. [cjrj drj tcj ijst opportulbtbjs? Adl hdr`jt scdrj ij

23

 

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ACDW]JY

:

blarjdsjm? [cbac bs tcj fdstblk krowblk sjkhjlt? Dlswjrblk tcjsj qujstbols bs tcj ljxt pcdsj of pndllblk tdrkjt tdrk jt dumbjlaj profflnjs. Dlm fflldnny, hjmbd aohpdlbjs ko tcroukc tcj sdhj proajss of arjdtblk tcjbr owl aurrjlt austohjr profflnjs, aohpdrblk bt to tcjbr aohpjtbtbol, dlm mjvjnopblk d strdtjkba foaus for tcj futurj.

Aurrjlt Austohjrs  ]cbs bs d irdlm‒s rjdnbty. ]cj sjkhjltdtbol profflnj of aurrjlt austohjrs blmbadtjs wco bs iuyblk tcj promuat or sjrvbaj, wcy tcjy drj iuyblk bt, dlm cow tcjy usj bt. ]cbs sjkhjltdtbol profflnj provbmjs dl jxajnnjlt pjrspjatbvj for pndllblk irdlm dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd strdtjkbjs. Cowjvjr, tcjrj adl ij suistdltbdn mbffjrjlajs dholk austohjrs wco drj puracdsblk promuat vdrbdtbols of tcj sdhj irdlm ldhj. For jxdhpnj, coljy or frubt-﬉dvorjm Acjjrbos drj horj popundr wbtc acbnmrjl, wcbnj dmunts prjfjr tcj trdmbtboldn tdstj. Or, fjwjr wohjl mrbl` rjkundr aond irdlms, aohpdrjm to hjl, dlm tcjy drj huac horj nb`jny to sjnjat d mbjt vjrsbol, jspjabdnny jsp jabdnny aond mrbl`jrs wco drj sblknj wohjl ulmjr tcj dkj of 9:. ]cj mbffjrjlaj dholk jxbstblk austohjrs adl datudnny provbmj bhportdlt blsbkcts for BHA pndllblk dlm bhpnjhjltdtbol.

Aohpjtbtbvj Irdlms  [cdt drj your aohpjtbtors moblk? Dlm wcdt drj tcjbr sjkhjltdtbol profflnjs? ]cbs blforhdtbol bsl‒t d trdmj sjarjt, ijadusj d wjnn-pndlljm hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac proejat adl quba`ny mjvjnop d subtdinj aohpjtbtbvj profflnj. Ds hbkct ij jxpjatjm, jvjry aohpdly bs moblk tcj sdhj tcblk iy tryblk to njdrl horj diout scoppjrs, iuyjrs, dlm noydn austohjrs. ]cj blforhdtbol bs d pjrfjat blput for BHA pndllblk. [cdt cdppjls ljxt bs nb`j d acjss kdhj wbtc hovjs dlm aoultjrhovjs. Dlm, tcjrj drj fjw wblljrs, sblaj tcj proajss bs aolstdltny promuablk ljw strdtjkbjs. ]cj olny nosjrs drj aohpdlbjs wco mo lot try to dmeust to aohpjtbtbvj hdr`jt datbvbty.

Qtrdtjkba Foaus  Dftjr d irdlm jxdhbljs sjkhjltdtbol profflnjs of bts owl austohjrs, dlm dldnyzjs tcj strjlktcs dlm wjd`ljss of aohpjtbtbvj irdlms bl jdac sjkhjltdtbol adtjkory, adtjkory, d ljw strdtjkba foaus scounm jhjrkj. ]cbs bs lot idsjm ol wcdt tcj profflnj bs, iut rdtcjr, ol wcdt bt scounm ijaohj bl tcj futurj. D mjabsbol to pursuj mbffjrjlt typjs of iuyjrs, suac ds youlkjr or onmjr, hdnj or fjhdnj, hdrrbjm or sblknj, adl ij hdmj. Or, dmvjrtbsjrs or BHA dkjlabjs hbkct ijkbl to pndaj d krjdtjr krj dtjr jhpcdsbs ol dntjrldtbvj sjkhjlts. ]cbs rjsunts bl d rjvbsjm dnnoadtbol of iumkjts for mbffjrjlt hjmbd, jxpjlmbturj dhoults, dlm sacjmunblk of dmvjrtbsblk.

22

 

ACDW]JY

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

Hjmbd Aohposbtbol ]cj sjkhjltdtbol profflnj of hjmbd dumbjlajs bs eust ds bhportdlt ds d aohpdly‒s irdlm. Jxdatny wcdt typj of pjopnj drj wdtacblk d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, rjdmblk d hdkdzblj, suisarbiblk to d ljwspdpjr, nbstjlblk to d rdmbo scow, scow, or vbsbtblk wjisbtjs? Ds pdrt of tcj trbdlknj of dmvjrtbsblk, hjmbd aohpdlbjs adllot jffjatbvjny sjnn or prohotj tcjbr promuats or sjrvbajs to dkjlabjs wbtcout d irdlm profflnj. Hjmbd aohpdlbjs fonnow tcj sdhj hjtcomonoky ds dmvjrtbsjrs. ]cjy jxdhblj tcjhsjnvjs, ds wjnn ds aohpjtbtors. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj strjlktcs of tcjbr owl irdlm drj jhpcdsbzjm dlm tcj wjd`ljssjs of otcjr hjmbd aohpdlbjs drj pobltjm out. Ds d rjsunt, dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs hust ij vbkbndlt diout tcj trutc of hjmbd stdtjhjlts ijadusj jdac aohpdly bs hdlbpundtblk tcj dumbjlaj blforhdtbol.

Mjvjnopblk ]drkjt Dumbjlajs ]cj host suaajssfun BHA prokrdhs drj idsjm ol usblk two sjpdrdtj, iut rjndtjm, tdrkjt dumbjlajs5 prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry sj aolmdry.. ]cbs mbstblatbol jldinjs dmvjrtbsjrs dlm BHA pndlljrs to dppjdn to iotc kroups, iut to prborbtbzj tcjbr tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj dhoult of holjy tcdt wbnn ij dnnoadtjm dlm tcj sjqujlaj of BHA spjlmblk bs dnso dl bhportdlt strdtjkba mjabsbol blvonvblk prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlajs.

Wrbhdry Wrofflnj D prbhdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj adl ij mjfflljm ds5 „tcj sjkhjltdtbol profflnj of pjopnj wbtc tcj cbkcjst proidibnbty of puracdsblk d irdlm wbtcbl d promuat adtjkory.‘ Dlm, tcj sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj bs5 „tcj sjkhjltdtbol profflnj wbtc d homjrdtj proidibnbty of puracdsj.‘ [cy lot cdvj d sblknj tdrkjt dumbjlaj? Moblk tcdt hblbhbzjs tcj sdnjs potjltbdn ijtwjjl prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlajs. ]cj rjdn acdnnjlkj bs mjabmblk wcbac sjkhjltdtbol acdrdatjrbstbas to blanumj, dlm tcjl, wcbac suiadtjkorbjs. For jxdhpnj, bf dkj bs tcj host bhportdlt acdrdatjrbstba of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj, tcjl wcdt bs tcj ijst sjpdrdtbol dholk dkj kroups5 43 to =:, 43 to 1=, or 1= to =: yjdrs of dkj? [cbnj tcbs mjpjlms ol tcj promuat adtjkory, tcj ijst runj dnwdys bs to „hd`j bt ldrrow,‘ ijadusj wbmj sjpdrdtbols sjpdrdtb ols wbnn mbhblbsc adtjkory mbffjrjlajs dlm mbnutj tcj opportulbty to ffllm rjdnbstba irdlm dmvdltdkjs.

Qjaolmdry Wrofflnj Qo, wcbac bs horj bhportdlt, prbhdry or sjaolmdry? ]cj ijst dpprodac bs to ko dftjr tcj prbhdry dumbjlaj ijforj tcj sjaolmdry. Iotc drj bhportdlt, iut d strolk prborbtbzdtbol bs ljajssdry. Bt bs lot tcdt olj wbnn ij jxanumjm froh tcj otcjr.

477

 

] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

ACDW]JY

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]cj prbhdry dumbjlaj scounm dnwdys ij pursujm fflrst, jspjabdnny wcjl BHA fulms drj nbhbtjm or tcjrj bs bltjlsj aohpjtbtbol dholk irdlms wbtcbl d promuat adtjkory. ]cj prjfjrrjm strdtjky bs to dppny d prjmjtjrhbljm dhoult of fflldlabdn rjsourajs tcdt bs dnnoadtjm usblk uljqudn dhoults for prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry dumbjlajs. For jxdhpnj, 67% aounm ij dnnoadtjm for tcj prbhdry dumbjlaj dlm =7% for tcj sjaolmdry dumbjlaj. Zsj tcj hjmbd jxpjlmbturjs to rjdac tcj prbhdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj fflrst, tcjl ko ida` dlm ijkbl to spjlm holjy ol tcj sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Iotc drj bhportdlt, iut tcj prbhdry dumbjlaj rjprjsjlts tcj cbkcjst proidibnbty of dl datudn puracdsj. Cjrj bs d mjtdbnjm jxdhpnj of prbhdry dlm sjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlajs mjvjnopjm for tcj sdhj irdlm usblk dnn four hdeor sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs. ]cj prbhdry dumbjlaj aolsbsts of hjl, dkjm 1=‑=2, hdrrbjm iut wbtc lo acbnmrjl dt cohj, rjsbmblk bl shdnnjr abtbjs or suiuridl drjds, wco drj dnso aolmohblbuh owljrs, jleoy koblk to drtbstba jvjlts, drj vjry rjnbkbous, drj datbvj bl aohhulbty jvjlts, trdvjn frjqujltny for iusbljss, dlm nb`j to aoo`. ]cj sjaolmdry dumbjlaj for tcj sdhj irdlm hbkct ij wohjl, dkjm 9=‑1=, sblknj, nbvblk bl ndrkj hjtroponbtdl drjds, dpdrthjlt rjltjrs, datbvj bl sports dlm pcysbadn ffltljss, wco usj puinba trdlsportdtbol, drj cjdvy aolsuhjrs of fdst foom, dlm wco novj dlm rjdnny jleoy sabjlaj. ]cjy drj mbffjrjlt, iut iotc kroups adl ij noydn irdlm austohjrs.

Qtrdtjkba Dppnbadtbols Fbkurj :.= bs :.= bs dl jxdhpnj of d vjry spjabffla tdrkjt dumbjlaj profflnj strdtjky tcdt hbkct jxbst for d irdlm. Qcounm tcj aohpdly low foaus ol dttrdatblk horj hjl,

Fbkurj :.= ]drkjt dumbjlaj profflnj

474

 

ACDW]JY

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] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

hdrrbjm aoupnjs, or cbkcjr blaohj fdhbnbjs? Or, bf your aohpjtbtors drj wjd` bl d kjokrdpcba sjkhjlt, scounm horj dmvjrtbsblk ij dnnoadtjm to tcosj drjds? Wjrcdps d soabdn hjmbd adhpdbkl to dttrdat fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs bs tcj ijst ij st wdy. wdy. ]cbs bs strdtjky. strdtjky. Dlm, tcjrj drj lo aorrjat dlswjrs to tcosj qujstbols, iut jdac mjabsbol wbnn cdvj d mbffjrjlt outaohj bl tjrhs tj rhs of sdnjs, profflts, dlm hdr`jt scdrj.

Quhhdry Bmjltbfyblk irdlm puracdsjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs bs jssjltbdn for BHA pndllblk. Arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd mjabsbols adllot ij hdmj wbtcout daaurdtj mjsarbptbols of bltjlmjm dumbjlajs for irdlm hjssdkjs. ]cbs proajss bs adnnjm sjkhjltdtbol. ]cjrj drj four `blms of aolsuhjr sjkhjltdtbol5 mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm puracdsj/usdkj. Mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol sjkhjlt dtbol blanumjs vdrbdinjs suac ds tcj dkj, kjlmjr, blaohj, hdrbtdn stdtus, fdhbny aohposbtbol, oaaupdtbol, jmuadtbol, jtclba dssoabdtbol, dlm otcjr acdrdatjrbstbas tcdt sjpdrdtj pjopnj idsjm ol tcjbr mbffjrjlajs. ]cbs bs ljajssdry bl ormjr to usj tcj rbkct ndlkudkj dlm bhdkjs for arjdtblk irdlm hjssdkjs, dlm for sjnjatblk tcj rbkct mbkbtdn hjmbd, trdmbtboldn puinbadtbols, dlm irodmadst prokrdhs for mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs. Wsyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol blvonvjs tcj aoklbtbvj dspjats of tcjbr ijcdvbor, suac ds pjrsoldnbty dlm nbfjstynj. ]cj foaus bs ol dttbtumjs, bltjrjsts, opblbols, dlm aohhulbadtbol stynjs. Kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol bs idsjm ol wcjrj pjopnj nbvj. ]cbs blanumjs kovjrlhjlt dlm blmustry andssbffladtbol adtjkorbjs, ds wjnn ds dmvjrtbsblk-mjfflljm ioulmdrbjs, suac ds MHDs. Wuracdsj sjkhjltdtbol bmjltbffljs fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs, irdlm swbtacjrs, dlm noydn austohjrs, wcbnj usdkj sjkhjltdtbol rjndtjs to tcj hotbvdtblk rjdsol for iuyblk d promuat or sjrvbaj, ds wjnn ds tcj pcysbadn dhoult, oaadsbol, tbhj of aolsuhptbol, datudn ljjm, dlm frjqujlay of puracdsj.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Dnpjrt, F., F., & Qdxtol, H. @. (974:). Adl huntbpnj ljw-promuat ljw- promuat hjssdkjs dttrdat dttrd at mbffjrjlt aolsuhjr sjkhjlts? Kdhblk dmvjrtbsjhjlts‒ bltjrdatbol wbtc tdrkjts dffjats irdlm dttbtumjs dlm puracdsj bltjltbols.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(1), 17;‑194. Dssdjn, C. (977:). D mjhokrdpcba dlm psyacokrdpcba profflnj of cjdvy bltjrljt usjrs dlm usjrs iy typj of bltjrljt usdkj. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =:(4), 21‑499. Dvjry, E. (9746). ]cj Dnkorbtchs of Qtrdtjky5 Dl Daaoult Wndlljr‒s ]ooniox. Brvblj, AD5 Hjnvbl & Njbkc. Mbii, Q., & Qbh`bl, N. (4226). ]cj Hdr`jt Qjkhjltdtbol [or`ioo`5 ]drkjt Hdr`jtblk for  Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjrs. Iostol, HD5 Ajlkdkj Njdrlblk.

479

 

] D Y K J ] D Z M B J L A J Q D L M H D Y @ J ] Q J K H J L ] D] D] B O L

ACDW]JY

:

Muttd-Ijrkhdl, H. (9776). ]cj mjhokrdpcba dlm psyacokrdpcba dltjajmjlts of dttbtumj towdrm dmvjrtbsblk. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =6(4), 479‑449. Formj, A., Qtcdluldtcdl, Q., Wdttjl, M., & [ba`jl, K. (9772). D andssba forhund5 Jlmto-jlm blsbkct wbtc dmmjm promuatbvbty.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =2(1), 966‑9;7. Cjss, H., & Moj, W. (9741). ]cj hdr`jtjr‒s mbnjhhd5 Foausblk ol d tdrkjt or d mjhokrdpcba? ]cj utbnbty of mdtd-bltjkrdtbol tjaclbqujs.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :1(9), 914‑916. @otnjr, W., & @jnnjr, @. N. (9744).  Hdr`jtblk Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjhjlt , 4=tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk. Qtjjn, E. (4223). ]rutc, Nbjs, & Dmvjrtbsblk5 Ljw Dmvjrtbsblk Dmvjrt bsblk & tcj Drt of tcj Daaoult Wndlljr . Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols.

471

 

6 Arjdtbvj Mjvjnophjlt Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o dppny rjsjdrac for arjdtbvj aolajpt mjvjnophjlt

•

]o rjaohhjlm arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs for BHA hjssdkjs

•

]o orkdlbzj dlm wrbtj tcj aoltjlts of d irdlm irbjf

•

]o mjsbkl, dssjss, dlm bhprovj BHA hdtjrbdns

•

]o hdbltdbl aolsbstjlt dlm ulbforh irdlm aohhulbadtbol

Bltromuatbol  Dmvjr tbsblk mojs lot stdrt wbtc arjdtbvj bmjds. Bt ijkbls wbtc rjsjdrac, blsbkct  Dmvjrtbsblk blsbkcts, s, dlm strdtjkbjs. Arjdtbvj bmjds hust dnwdys aohhulbadtj d irdlm hjssdkj. [cbnj sohj dpprodacjs olny usj arjdtbvbty to dttrdat dttjltbol, tcjrj t cjrj bs stbnn dl BHA rjqubrjhjlt

to blvonvj tcj irdlm. ]cbs ijkbls wbtc tcj irdlm irbjf, d scort moauhjlt tcdt mjsarbijs rjsjdrac ffllmblks dlm aolsuhjr blsbkcts. ]cj irbjf aoltdbls tcj posbtbolblk stdtjhjlt for tcj irdlm dlm d profflnj of tcj prbhdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Jssjltbdnny, bt bs d kubmj for tcj arjdtbvj tjdh to sjnjat d spjabffla aohhulbadtbol stynj dlm strdtjky. ]cjl, arjdtbvj aolajpts dlm dpprodacjs drj proposjm, proposj m, dpprovjm iy tcj dmvjrtbsjr dlm dmdptjm for mbffjrjlt forhs of hjmbd dlm BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs. ]cbs acdptjr jxpndbls tcj proajss of arjdtbvj mjvjnophjlt froh kjljrdtblk bmjds to tcj fflldn promuatbol of dmvjrtbsblk.

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 Dppnyblk Aolsuhjr Blsbkcts Low bt‒s tbhj to tdn` diout anjvjr bmjds dlm arjdtbvbty, rbkct? Dlm bsl‒t tcbs wcjl wj ijkbl to hd`j fully dlm jltjrtdblblk aohhjrabdns? Lot jxdatny. Dlm ds tcj popundr sports dlloulajr, Njj Aorsj, wounm sdy5 „Lot so fdst.‘ ]cbs bs ijadusj BHA bs idsjm ol rjsjdrac, strdtjky, dlm hjtrbas. ]cj foulmdtbol of BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs kojs wjnn ijyolm arjdtbvj blspbrdtbols dlm bhdkbldtbvj sonutbols. Bt bs dnn pdrt of tcj aohpnjx proajss of jffjatbvjny mjnbvjrblk d irdlm hjssdkj to d tdrkjtjm kroup of blmbvbmudns to hjjt spjabffla BHA oiejatbvjs. Ds dl jssjltbdn blkrjmbjlt bl tcj hdr`jtblk hbx, arjdtbvbty bs d powjrfun adtdnyst, ds wjnn ds d sjarjt forhund tcdt stbhundtjs aoklbtbvj dttjltbol dlm hotbvdtjs ijcdvbordn rjspolsjs. Bl tcj prjvbous acdptjr acdptjr,, you njdrljm cow tcj blsbkcts froh prbhdry rjsjdrac, suac ds foaus kroups, pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws, dlm survjy qujstbolldbrjs, cjnp us to ijttjr ulmjrstdlm tcj hblm dlm hoom of potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cjsj ]cj sj hjtcoms provbmj d knbhpsj blto lot olny tcjbr mdbny nbvjs, iut dnso tcjbr pjrspjatbvjs diout cow, wcjl, dlm wcy tcjy puracdsj pdrtbaundr irdlms. @lowblk tcjbr fjjnblks, ijnbjfs, dlm dttbtumjs wbnn jldinj you to mjvjnop mjvj nop cbkcny rjnjvdlt irdlm hjssdkjs. Aolsuhjr blsbkct bs tcj host vdnudinj pbjaj of blforhdtbol tcdt adl ij usjm for arjdtbvj pndllblk. Bt bs oftjl d sblknj pcrdsj, sjltjlaj, or jvjl worm mjsarbiblk tcj aorj ijljfflt or pjrajbvjm vdnuj of d irdlm. ]cj ijst wdy to oitdbl tcbs bs froh d rjvbjw of tcj prbhdry qudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac, suac ds d foaus kroup or pjrsoldn bltjrvbjw. Nbstjlblk anosjny to wcdt aolsuhjrs drj tdn`blk diout or nbstjlblk to tcjh jxprjss tcjbr ijnbjfs, dttbtumjs, dlm jhotboldn fjjnblks provbmj d ibk anuj for mbsaovjrblk irdlm blsbkcts. Brolbadnny,, tcj sjdrac for aolsuhjr blsbkct bs tcj host jffjatbvj Brolbadnny jffjat bvj wdy to stbhundtj tcj bhdkbldtbol of dl dkjlay‒s arjdtbvj tjdh. Arjdtbvj pjopnj mol‒t nb`j to rjdm blforhdtbol bl rjports dlm dldnyzj hdr`jtblk mdtd. ]cjy wdlt sohjtcblk tcdt kbvjs mbrjatbol, iut dnnows aohpnjtj ﬉jxbibnbty. Qo, tcj njss tcdt bs struaturjm, tcj ijttjr tcj rjsunt. Dnn tcjy ljjm to arjdtj krjdt dmvjrtbsblk bs tcdt aolabsj pcrdsj tcdt bklbtjs tcjbr bhdkbldtbols. For jxdhpnj, tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj scdrjs dl bhportdlt aolsuhjr blsbkct blsbkct tcdt blmbadtjs tcdt wcjl pjopnj drj sba`, tcjy ijnbjvj tcdt tcj strolkjr tcj hjmbablj, tcj fdstjr tcj rjaovjry. rjaovjry. Qo, cow wounm tcbs blsbkct ij trdlsndtjm blto d aolsuhjr blsbkct? Cow diout tcbs ds dl jxdhpnj? Our irdlm wbnn hd`j you fjjn ijttjr fdst, ijadusj bt bs „hjmbablj wbtc husanj. ‘ ]o host of us, arjdtbvbty bs d hystjry. Bt bs d rdrj dlm blfrjqujlt oaaurrjlaj. [j ijnbjvj tcdt bt bs d s`bnn tcdt olny d fjw pjopnj cdvj. Wjrcdps, bt bs d spjabdn kbft froh our kjljtba cbstory tcdt jldinjs us to pjrajbvj tcblks mbffjrjltny dlm aohj up wbtc ljw bmjds quba`ny. Our fdajs, iombjs, dlm blljr pjrsoldnbtbjs drj ulbquj. [cy lot our arjdtbvj tcbl`blk dibnbtbjs?

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 Dkjlay Arjdtbv Arjdtbvj j Mjpdrthjlt Qtruaturj [cbnj jdac dmvjrtbsblk or mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol dkjlay cds bts owl struaturj, sjvjrdn pdrts of d Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt dlm bts fulatbols rjhdbl aolstdlt. Fbkurj 6.4 scows 6.4 scows tcj idsba posbtbols dlm rjspolsbibnbtbjs, wcbac blanumj d Arjdtbvj Mbrjator, Daaoult Wndlljr, Aopywrbtjr, Drt Mbrjator, dlm d Mbkbtdn Mjsbkljr. Dt d ndrkj dkjlay, tcjrj wbnn ij hdly pjopnj bl tcjsj posbtbols, dlm for ibk daaoults, tcj arjdtbvj tjdh hbkct blanumj up to sjvjl jhpnoyjjs. Qo, tcj krjdtjr tcj sbzj of dl dkjlay, tcj ndrkjr tcj luhijr of arjdtbvj pjopnj dlm tcj horj aohpnjx tcj mjpdrthjlt struaturj. ]cj Daaoult Jxjautbvj dt tcj dkjlay bs tcj jxanusbvj jxanusbv j foadn poblt for aoltronnblk dlm aoormbldtblk tcj bltjrdatbol ijtwjjl dl dkjlay dlm bts anbjlts, or austohjrs. Dftjr rjvbjwblk tcj hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac dlm hd`blk tcj ljajssdry strdtjkba BHA mjabsbol wbtc dl dmvjrtbsjr, tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj prjpdrjs d pndllblk moauhjlt, adnnjm tcj arjdtbvj irbjf. Bt bs usudnny olny olj pdkj nolk, iut aoltdbls tcj idsba blforhdtbol, suac ds tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt, puracdsj hotbvdtbol, or promuat posbtbolblk for d irdlm, tcdt bs ljjmjm to ijkbl mjvjnopblk arjdtbvj bmjds. [cjl d arjdtbvj irbjf bs turljm ovjr to tcj dkjlay‒s Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt, bt kojs to d arjdtbvj tjdh, wcbac bs d shdnn kroup tcdt wor`s ol mjvjnopblk aohhulbadtbol aolajpts for BHA dppnbadtbols. ]cj tjdh aolsbsts of tcrjj or horj hjhijrs5 Arjdtbvj Mbrjator, Drt Mbrjator Mbrjator,, dlm Aopywrbtjr Aopywrbtjr.. ]cj Arjdtbvj Mbrjator bs tcj cjdm of d tjdh dlm bs rjspolsbinj for aoormbldtblk dlm dpprovblk dmvjrtbsblk or prohotboldn aoltjlt. Ndrkj dkjlabjs hbkct cdvj sjvjrdn tjdhs wor`blk ol mbffjrjlt anbjlts, iut shdnn dkjlabjs aounm cdvj olny olj pjrsol rjspolsbinj for jvjrytcblk. Arjdtbvj Mbrjators oftjl wor` ol sjvjrdn daaoults, mjpjlmblk ol tcj anbjlt‒s rjqubrjhjlts dlm tbhj dvdbndinj. ]cbs jldinjs tcjh to mbvjrsbfy tcjbr profjssboldn jxpjrbjlaj dlm datbvjny pdrtbabpdtj bl BHA pndllblk.

Fbkurj 6.4 Arjdtbvj Ar jdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt struaturj

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Dl Drt Mbrjator bs prbhdrbny aolajrljm wbtc tcj vbsudn bhdkjs dlm krdpcbas. ]cbs blanumjs tcj blaorpordtbol of bhdkjs blto huntbpnj forhs of hjmbd, suac ds hdkdzblj, tjnjvbsbol, or mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk. Dlytcblk blvonvblk d irdlm‒ irdlm‒ss dppjdrdlaj, froh pda`dkblk, poblt-of-sdnj mbspndys, dlm hdbnblk pbjajs to promuat pndajhjlt, swjjpstd`js, aoupols, dlm otcjr forhs of sdnjs prohotbol bs ulmjr tcj arjdtbvj supjrvbsbol supjr vbsbol of dl Drt Mbrjator Mbrjator.. D Aopywrbtjr bs acdnnjlkjm wbtc ffllmblk tcj ijst aohibldtbol of worms dlm pcrdsjs tcdt wbnn stbhundtj tcj vbjwjr, nbstjljr, or rjdmjr to rjspolm. ]cj worms sjnjatjm hust provbmj jloukc blforhdtbol for aolsuhjrs to dpprjabdtj tcj irdlm, yjt jlaourdkj tcjh to td`j datbol, suac ds vbsbtblk d rjtdbn storj or sjdracblk for bt olnblj. ]cj vjridn hjssdkj cds to ij aolabsj, anjdr, dlm aohpjnnblk. Wnus, bt hust dmjqudtjny support tcj vbsudn jnjhjlts of d irdlm hjssdkj wbtcbl dmvjrtbsblk or otcjr BHA hdtjrbdns. Aopywrbtjrs drj dnso blvonvjm bl supjrvbsblk sohj of tcj mjtdbns bl tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo dmvjrtbsblk, ds wjnn ds vbmjo promuatbol5 for jxdhpnj, voadn tolj, rdtj of spjjac, daajlt, bl﬉jatbols, soulm jffjats, dlm host bhportdltny,, husbadn solks. bhportdltny Dt sohj dkjlabjs, tcjrj drj Daaoult Wndlljrs, wco drj blvonvjm bl iotc aolsuhjr rjsjdrac dlm strdtjkba BHA mjvjnophjlt. ]cjbr eoi bs to ulmjrstdlm tcj ovjrdnn psyaconoky dlm ijcdvbor of aolsuhjrs, jspjabdnny tcosj wco drj puracdsblk irdlms hdmj iy tcj dkjlay‒s anbjlts. ]ypbadnny, tcj Daaoult Wndlljr prjpdrjs d arjdtbvj irbjf, prjsjlts bt to tcj arjdtbvj tjdh, dlm wor`s wbtc tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj to blsurj tcdt tcj arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd hdtjrbdns support tcj dpprovjm strdtjkbjs for tcj irdlm. Lot dnn dmvjrtbsblk or BHA dkjlabjs usj Daaoult Wndlljrs, olny tcosj wbtc ndrkj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts, huntbpnj daaoults, dlm dssbklhjlts. ]cjrj bs jvjl horj to tcj Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt dt dl BHA dkjlay, wbtc tcrjj otcjr sjatbols tcdt support dlm wor` wbtc arjdtbvj tjdhs5 BHA strdtjkbsts, promuatbol, dlm tjaclbadn sjatbols. ]cjsj jhpnoyjjs provbmj dlotcjr sjt of s`bnns to turl arjdtbvj aolajpts blto d aohpnjtjm dmvjrtbsjhjlt dmvjrtbsjhjl t for hjmbd. ]cj strdtjkbsts blanumj iotc bltjrldn rjsourajs, suac ds dl Daaoult Wndlljr or Yjsjdrac Dldnyst, dlm jxtjrldn suppnbjrs, wco drj prbhdrbny aolsuntdlts for dl blmustry or spjabdnbzjm drjd of aohhulbadtbol. ]cj promuatbol sjatbol cdlmnjs tcj pcysbadn dspjats of hd`blk dmvjrtbsblk hdtjrbdns, suac ds pcotokrdpcjrs, bnnustrdtors, vbmjokrdpcjrs, dlm otcjrs wco drj cbrjm tjhpordrbny for jdac BHA datbvbty. Dlm fflldnny, tcj tjaclbadn support pjopnj mo jvjrytcblk froh hdbltdblblk tcj dkjlay‒s wjisbtj to wor`blk wbtc anbjlts ol mbkbtdn proejats.

[cdt Bs d Irdlm Irbjf? Arjdtbvj pjopnj dt dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay drj horj bltjrjstjm bl bmjds tcdl rjsjdrac rjports. Luhijrs mol‒t jxabtj tcjh, iut vbsudn dlm vjridn aolajpts mo. Qo, cow

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mo you kjt tcj host tdnjltjm arjdtbvj hblms to aolljat hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs wbtc dmvjrtbsblk dlm BHA prokrdhs? Host dkjlabjs usj d irdlm irbjf. [cdt bs bt dlm wcy bs bt so bhportdlt? ]cj purposj of d irdlm irbjf bs to aolabsjny dlm daaurdtjny sjnjat tcj host rjnjvdlt dlm cjnpfun blforhdtbol froh d Hdr`jtblk Wndl. ]cbs blanumjs d suhhdry of aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac for tcj anbjlt‒s irdlm, ds wjnn ds aohpjtbtbvj promuats or sjrvbajs. Bf wrbttjl wjnn, tcj irdlm irbjf provbmjs jloukc blforhdtbol for tcj arjdtbvj tjdh to ijkbl kjljrdtblk bmjds, usblk d sonbm strdtjkba aohhulbadtbol pjrspjatbvj. Dt dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs, tcj irdlm irbjf bs prjpdrjm iy dl Daaoult Jxjautbvj. Bt bs tcjbr rjspolsbibnbty to rjvbjw tcj hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac, sjdrac for `jy blsbkcts, dlm hd`j rjaohhjlmdtbols for BHA strdtjkbjs. Bl ndrkj dkjlabjs, tcjrj bs oftjl d posbtbol adnnjm tcj Daaoult Wndlljr, wco bs dssbkljm d portbol of tcjsj datbvbtbjs, sblaj dl Daaoult Jxjautbvj‒s Jxjautbvj‒s hdbl ronj bs to hdldkj tcj bltjrdatbol wbtc d anbjlt. ]cj Daaoult Wndlljr bs d cyirbm rjspolsbibnbty tcdt aohibljs tcj mutbjs of d rjsjdrac hdldkjr wbtc tcj prbhdry fulatbols of d aohhulbadtbols strdtjkbst. Daaoult Wndlljrs drj tcj „ko-to‘ pjopnj wcjl arjdtbvjs ljjm to `low horj diout aolsuhjr psyaconoky dlm tcj rjputdtbol of d irdlm. Daaoult Wndlljrs hust tcbl`, dat, dlm fjjn nb`j tcjy drj potjltbdn iuyjrs or usjrs of d irdlm. Dt tcj sdhj tbhj, Daaoult Wndlljrs oftjl aohj up wbtc tcjbr owl arjdtbvj bmjds froh blsbkcts dlm pjrsoldn oisjrvdtbols wcbac drj scdrjm wbtc tcj dkjlay‒s tjdh. Bl Fbkurj 6.9, 6.9, tcj host jssjltbdn pdrts of d irdlm irbjf drj rjvbjwjm. ]cjsj blanumj tcj posbtbolblk of tcj irdlm dlm bts vdnuj proposbtbol, ds wjnn ds tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt, wcbac bl﬉ujlajs tcj sjnjatbol of iotc arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd strdtjkbjs. ]cj purposj of tcj irdlm irbjf bs to provbmj tcj Arjdtbvj Mjpdrthjlt wbtc d quba`, jdsy, dlm aolabsj hjtcom of ulmjrstdlmblk d anbjlt‒s irdlm. ]cj irdlm irbjf bs dnwdys prjpdrjm iy dl Daaoult Jxjautbvj, or bl ndrkjr dkjlabjs iy dl Daaoult Wndlljr, iut bs scdrjm wbtc tcj arjdtbvj tjdh ds sool ds dl dssbklhjlt cds ijjl bssujm. Cowjvjr, tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj bs lot rjspolsbinj for rjaohhjlmblk arjdtbvj bmjds. ]cj Daaoult Jxjautbvj hust dlswjr fflvj idsba qujstbols5 wco, wcdt, wcjrj, wcjl, dlm wcy? Qbhpnj, iut jssjltbdn blforhdtbol for tcj arjdtbvj tjdh. Jdac of

Fbkurj 6.9 ]cj irdlm irbjf 

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tcjsj qujstbols aorrjspolms to d hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol pndllblk datbvbty. „[co‘ bs tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. „[cdt‘ bs d irdlm hjssdkj. „[cjrj‘ bs tcj kjokrdpcba drjds for dmvjrtbsblk, ds wjnn ds tcj hjmbd sjnjatjm. ]cbs wbnn untbhdtjny blanumj tcj spjabffla hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, or rdmbo dlm tjnjvbsbol stdtbols tcdt drj puracdsjm. Bl dmmbtbol, bt blanumjs dly otcjr datbvbty tcdt bs rjaohhjlmjm ds pdrt of dl BHA Wndl. „[cjl‘ bs tcj tbhblk or sacjmunblk of tcj dmvjrtbsblk5 for jxdhpnj, tcj mdbny, wjj`ny, or holtcny dppjdrdlaj of dmvjrtbsblk or prohotboldn prokrdhs. ]cbs bs jxajptboldnny arbtbadn wbtc soabdn hjmbd, wcjrj hjssdkjs adl ij postjm dt dly hblutj of tcj mdy. „[cy‘ blanumjs tcj pjrajbvjm puracdsj hotbvdtbols for iotc potjltbdn iuyjrs dlm noydn austohjrs. ]cj forhdt dlm stynj of d irdlm irbjf acdlkjs froh dkjlay to dkjlay. ]cbs bs ijadusj jdac BHA aohpdly dpprodacjs tcj mjvjnophjlt of arjdtbvj aolajpts bl bts owl ulbquj or snbkctny mbffjrjlt wdy. Ds d rjsunt, tcjrj bs lo ijst wdy to wrbtj d irdlm irbjf dlm tcjrj bs lo sblknj wdy to prjsjlt tcbs blforhdtbol to d arjdtbvj tjdh. Cowjvjr, tcj host jssjltbdn aohpoljlts of d Hdr`jtblk Wndl hust ij aohprjssjm blto d sblknj moauhjlt. Bt dnso cds to ajltjr droulm olj or horj aolsuhjr blsbkcts diout d irdlm, aohpjtbtors, promuat usdkj, or otcjr bhportdlt dspjats of tcj hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt. Dnn tcbs bl d sblknj pdkj, pjrcdps wbtc d scort WowjrWoblt, dlm dl blspbrblk dpprodac wcjl prjsjltblk tcj irdlm irbjf to d arjdtbvj tjdh. [rbtblk tcbs moauhjlt bs mbffflaunt for dlyolj blvonvjm, dlm jvjl horj of d acdnnjlkj wcjl tcj rjsunt bs kbvjl to d arjdtbvj tjdh dt dl dkjlay.

Qjnjatblk Arjdtbvj Qtrdtjkbjs [cbac aohjs fflrst, d arjdtbvj bmjd or tcj strdtjky? Jbtcjr olj bs possbinj dlm daajptdinj, iut strdtjkbjs drj dnwdys horj bhportdlt. D sblknj arjdtbvj bmjd bs lot ljajssdrbny d strdtjky, jspjabdnny wcjl tcjrj bs d ljjm for d sjrbjs of dmvjrtbsjhjlts. dmvjrtbsjhjlts . Qtrdtjkbjs kubmj tcj arjdtbvj tjdh to prohotj horj dms. D arjdtbvj bmjd hbkct ij nbhbtjm to olny olj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs to cdvj huntbpnj dms tcdt usj tcj sdhj strdtjky to mjnbvjr dl bmjltbadn irdlm hjssdkj. Dt host dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs, arjdtbvj bmjds drj spoltdljous, frjj-﬉owblk, dlm jljrkjtba tcoukcts tcdt drrbvj uldlloulajm dlm ulstruaturjm dt d surprbsblk tbhj. Lot bl hjjtblks, iut dt hdly vjry uljxpjatjm tbhjs of tcj mdy or lbkct. Qohjtbhjs tcjsj blspbrdtbols drj mrbvjl iy d mbrjatjm purposj, or tcjy drj eust ulaoltronndinj iursts of hjltdn jljrky tcdt provbmj sonutbols. Iut, arjdtbvj bmjds hust dnwdys aolforh to tcj oiejatbvjs of dl BHA irdlm dlm hdr`jtblk strdtjky.. Bt bs tcj olny wdy to blsurj aolsbstjlay strdtjky aolsbstjlay,, ulbforhbty, dlm aohhulbadtbvj jffjatbvjljss of hjssdkj aoltjlt for tdrkjtjm usjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cbs bs wcjrj arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs ijaohj jssjltbdn. Qtrdtjkbjs? Rjs, d arjdtbvj strdtjky bs tcj psyaconokbadn knuj tcdt conms BHA hjssdkjs tokjtcjr. Jssjltbdnny,

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Fbkurj 6.1 Adtjkorbjs of arjdtb arjdtbvj vj strdtjkbjs

tcjrj drj mbffjrjlt optbols or hjtcoms tcdt drj usjm to aohhulbadtj d irdlm hjssdkj. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs to sjnjat tcj ijst olj for tcj hdr`jtblk posbtbol dlm bhdkj of tcj irdlm. ]cbs proajss bs suiejatbvj, iut mojs mjpjlm upol blsbkcts mjrbvjm froh aolsuhjr rjsjdrac. Idsjm ol tcj dssuhjm hblmsjt dlm hoom of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj, tcj acobajs adl quba`ny ijaohj horj oivbous dlm dppdrjlt. Fbkurj 6.1 scows 6.1 scows tcj host frjqujltny usjm arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs for BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs. ]cjsj adl ij usjm for dly forh of aohhulbadtbol, pdrtbaundrny dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, dlm mbkbtdn pndtforhs. Jdac cds strjlktcs dlm wjd`ljssjs, mdlkjrs dlm opportulbtbjs, wbtc pnjlty of rjdsols for sjnjatbol. ]cj krjdtjst adutbol bs lot to dnnow pjrsoldn prjfjrjlajs to kubmj or bl﬉ujlaj mjabsbols. ]cj acobaj of d arjdtbvj strdtjky hust dnwdys rj﬉jat bts dibnbty to kjt tcj dttjltbol of rjdmjrs, vbjwjrs, or nbstjljrs. ]cjl, pjljtrdtj blto tcjbr dwdrjljss wbtc irdlm hjssdkjs tcdt drj hjdlblkfun, rjnjvdlt, dlm ijljfflabdn for tcjh. Yjhjhijr,, tcj fulatbols of tcj njft irdbl dlm rbkct irdbl? ]cjy host ajrtdblny Yjhjhijr dppny cjrj, ds pdrt of tcj sjnjatbol proajss. Olj wdy to orkdlbzj tcjh bs blto two sjpdrdtj kroups. Olj to dppjdn to pjopnj‒s njft-irdbl fulatbols, suac ds tcj strdtjkbjs of5 mjholstrdtbol, aohpdrbsols of proinjhs/sonutbols, ijforj/dftjr0 tjstbholbdns, sabjltbffla proof, blforhdtbol, dlm ljw rjport forhdts. Dlm dlotcjr sjt for tcj rbkct-irdbl tcbl`blk pjopnj5 cuhor, storytjnnblk, bhdkjry, hystjry, fdltdsy,, dlbhdtbol, fjdr dvobmdlaj, dlm surprbsj. fdltdsy ]cbs bs lot dl jdsy acobaj. ]cjrj bs lo sblknj sonutbol. Bt‒s dl BHA mjabsbol hdmj froh suiejatbvj opblbols, rdtcjr tcdl nokbadn, dldnytbadn eumkhjlts. Dt tcj jlm of tcj mdy, tcjrj bs olny olj wdy to `low wcbac arjdtbvj strdtjky wds tcj ijst5 hjdsurj tcj rjsunts. Zltbn tcjl, d aohibldtbol of aolsuhjr blsbkcts, irdlm `lownjmkj, aohpjtbtbvj bltjnnbkjlaj, prjvbous jxpjrbjlaj, dlm arjdtbvj

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dibnbtbjs drj tcj kubmblk forajs for sjnjatblk tcj optbhuh arjdtbvj strdtjky for d irdlm. [cjl bt aohjs to sjnjatblk d arjdtbvj hjssdkj strdtjky, st rdtjky, dmvjrtbsjrs dlm dkjlabjs hust dkrjj. Bt bs tcj dkjlay‒s rjspolsbibnbty lot olny to rjaohhjlm d arjdtbvj strdtjky,, iut dnso to bhpnjhjlt tcj strdtjky wbtc dmvjrtbsblk dlm sdnjs prohotbol strdtjky hdtjrbdns. Qo, wcdt drj tcj optbols? Cjrj drj fourtjjl of tcj host frjqujltny usjm arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs for BHA5 mjholstrdtbol, aohpdrbsol, proinjh-sonutbol, tjstbholbdn, ajnjirbty, nbfjstynj, cuhor, fdltdsy, ljkdtbvj dppjdns, syhionbsh, cbstorbadn, pdromy, pdromy, surprbsj, dlm mrdhdtbzdtbol. ]cjsj arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs adl ij kroupjm blto four adtjkorbjs5 irdlm foausjm, aolsuhjr foausjm, hotbvdtboldn foausjm, or jltjrtdblhjlt foausjm. ]cj fflrst adtjkory usjs tcj promuat ds tcj ajltrdn poblt of tcj dmvjrtbsblk, wcbnj tcj ljxt adtjkory aolajltrdtjs ol tcj aolsuhjr. Hotbvdtboldn strdtjkbjs offjr d vdrbjty of rjdsols to iuy d irdlm or scow tcj possbinj ljkdtbvj aolsjqujlajs of lot puracdsblk tcj irdlm. Dlm tcj fflldn adtjkory, jltjrtdblhjlt foausjm, sbhpny provbmjs dl jleoydinj dlm cdppy jxpjrbjlaj for tcj vbjwjr, rjdmjr, dlm nbstjljr wbtc hblbhdn blvonvjhjlt of tcj irdlm. ]cjrj drj suitnj hjssdkjs wovjl blto tcj aoltjlt, or qubjtny mbspndyjm. Ijforj rjvbjwblk tcj rjaohhjlmjm arjdtbvj strdtjky, tcj dmvjrtbsjr hust `jjp bl hblm tcj irdlm‒s pjrsoldnbty, tcj aolsuhjr‒s pjrspjatbvj, dlm aohpjtbtors‒ datbvbtbjs. ]cj dpprovjm strdtjky cds to ij aohpdtbinj wbtc tcjsj tcrjj hdr`jtblk mbhjlsbols, dlm yjt provbmj tcj arjdtbvj tjdh wbtc jloukc ndtbtumj to mjnbvjr irdlm hjssdkjs. [cbac irdlm bs ijttjr? ]cjrj bs olny olj wdy to ffllm out. Wrovj bt. Qcow tcj dmvdltdkjs. Jxpndbl tcj ijljfflts. Aohpdrj tcj mbffjrjlajs. Dlytbhj d irdlm cds supjrbor acdrdatjrbstbas or pjrforhdlaj, bt bs d pjrfjat adlmbmdtj for d promuat mjholstrdtbol strdtjky. strdt jky. Wromuat mjholstrdtbols drj nokbadn dppjdns to tcj njft sbmj of dl dttjltbvj irdbl to nbstjl, njdrl, dlm ijnbjvj. ]cbs bs jspjabdnny truj for foom promuats wbtc mbsajrlbinj mbffjrjlajs bl tdstj, aonor, tjxturj, or dppjdrdlaj, or irdlms tcdt cdvj dmvdltdkjs bl tcjbr opjrdtbol, dppnbadtbol, or dssjhiny. [cbnj promuat mjholstrdtbols drj cbkcny jffjatbvj bl rjtdbn storj jlvbrolhjlts, tcjy drj jxpjlsbvj, tbhj-aolsuhblk, dlm aohpnjx to drrdlkj. Iut, tcdt bs wcy vbsudn mjholstrdtbols drj pjrfjat for tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk dlm strjdhblk vbmjo. ]cj aohhulbadtbol acdnnjlkj bs to aohprjss tcj datbol dlm blforhdtbol blto d scort, iut bhpdatfun, 17-sjaolm aohhjrabdn. ]cj rjsunts drj oftjl sbhpnj iut hjhordinj oaaurrjlajs, nb`j spbnnblk aoffjj ol d scbrt to mjholstrdtj d ndulmry mjtjrkjlt, or pndyblk wbtc d ids`jtidnn wcbnj ormjrblk d pbzzd wbtc d hoibnj dpp. ]cj proinjh of usblk tcj promuat mjholstrdtbol strdtjky bs tcj mdlkjr of promuablk d iorblk or ulbltjrjstblk dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Oivbousny, aolsuhjrs wco drj lot bltjrjstjm bl tcj promuat adtjkory wbnn lot pdy dttjltbol to dly irdlm

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hjssdkjs or prohotboldn offjrs, iut tcosj tcdt mo adl jdsbny ijaohj ulhotbvdtjm or ljkdtbvj. [cy wdtac d poorny prjsjltjm mjholstrdtbol? ]cj irdlm ijljfflts hust ij anjdr dlm jdsy to ulmjrstdlm, or tcj aohhjrabdn bs d wdstj of holjy for tcj dmvjrtbsjr dmvjrtbsjr.. ]cjrj bs olj fflldn poblt to ij hdmj diout promuat mjholstrdtbols. ]cjy drj vjry bhportdlt for otcjr datbvbtbjs blvonvblk BHA. For jxdhpnj, d sdnjs prohotbol aounm offjr kbfts or aoupols to dlyolj wdtacblk d scort irdlm mjholstrdtbol. Or, pjopnj‒s pjopnj‒s ldhjs aounm ij jltjrjm bl d swjjpstd`js bl rjturl for pdrtbabpdtblk. Otcjr dppnbadtbols blanumj mbrjat hdbn pbjajs or mbkbtdn mjholstrdtbols wbtc bltjrdatbvj fjdturjs for vbsbtors to d irdlm wjisbtj. Irdlm aohpdrbsols bltjltboldnny hdtac olj promuat dkdblst otcjrs, usudnny tcj njdmblk irdlms. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn wdys to mo tcbs. ]cj aohpdrbsols adl ij molj iy usblk ol-adhjrd tdnjlt, or dl dlloulajr, dlloulajr, wco jxpndbls tcj mbffjrjlajs. Or, iy mbspndyblk krdpcbas, bnnustrdtbols, or sbhundtbols tcdt provbmj jvbmjlaj of irdlm supjrborbty. D frjqujltny usjm tjaclbquj bs fjdturblk tcj „jxanusbvj‘ blkrjmbjlts or ijljfflts of tcj dmvjrtbsjm irdlm. ]cjsj adl ij rjdn pcysbadn mbffjrjlajs, nb`j tcj powjrfun pdbl-rjnbjvblk xbnoadlj-:, iut oftjl drj jxprjssjm bl d horj rjnjvdlt dlm ulmjrstdlmdin ulmjrstdlmdinjj forh, suac ds tcj hdkba saruiiblk iuiinjs of d cousjconm anjdljr. Bs bt d hbstd`j to aohpdrj irdlms? Lo. [cjl irdlms drj ul`lowl, bt bs dl jxajnnjlt bmjd. Aohpdrblk bhhjmbdtjny ioosts tcj dwdrjljss dlm bhdkj of d njss fdhbnbdr irdlm. ]cdt irdlm bs quba`ny pjrajbvjm to ij jqudn to tcj aohpjtbtbol, pjrcdps jvjl ijttjr. Dlm, bt cjnps aolsuhjrs ulmjrstdlm tcj mjtdbns of tcj irdlm proposbtbol ]cj jltbrj purposj of d irdlm aohpdrbsol bs to jlaourdkj pjopnj to `low bt, iuy bt, dlm nb`j bt. ]cj olny mdlkjr wbtc tcbs strdtjky bs wcjl d njdmblk irdlm jhotboldnny rjejats or ruscjs to mbsprovj dlotcjr irdlm‒s dmvjrtbsblk aoltjlt. ]cjy drj olny fdnnblk blto d trdp iy blanumblk tcj ljw irdlm‒s ldhj dkdbl dlm dkdbl bl horj dmvjrtbsjhjlts. ]cjbr aohhulbadtbol rjspolsj bs datudnny cjnpblk tcj ljw irdlm kjt jstdinbscjm. Olj worm tcdt scounm ljvjr ij usjm bl dmvjrtbsblk bs „tcj ijst.‘ Bt bhhjmbdtjny blvbtjs d rjqubrjhjlt of proof froh aolsuhjrs, aohpjtbtors, dlm jvjl tcj fjmjrdn kovjrlhjlt. ]cjrj bs sohj rooh for irdkkblk, puffjry, or iodst, iut too huac jxdkkjrdtbol of tcj trutc turls off austohjrs dlm blaurs tcj dlkjr of aohpjtbtors. Mjpjlmblk ol d irdlm‒s qujstboldinj andbhs or fdnsj prohbsjs, aohpdlbjs cdvj sjvjrdn optbols for td`blk njkdn datbol. Zsblk d supjrndtbvj dmvjri, nb`j tcj krjdtjst, fdstjst, or jdsbjst hust ij usjm wbtc adutbol. ]o ij sdfj, d irdlm scounm jhpcdsbzj aohpdrdtbvj, lot supjrndtbvj, stdtjhjlts bl bts hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol hdtjrbdns. Host aohpdlbjs cbrj blmjpjlmjlt tjst ndis for aohpdrblk irdlms. ]cj rjsunts drj tcoukct to ij horj ijnbjvdinj dlm daajptdinj for aolsuhjrs. Dlm, tcjy drj, iut tcj spolsor dnrjdmy `lows wcdt to jxpjat, idsjm ol tcjbr owl promuat

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rjsjdrac. Qtbnn, proof for promuat andbhs bs jssjltbdn dlm aohpdrdtbvj blforhdtbol hust dnwdys ij suistdltbdtjm. Bf bt bs lot, tcj rbs`s drj ibkkjr wbtc mbstortjm aolsuhjr jxpjatdtbols. [cy mojs cuhor wor` so wjnn? Bt kjts you bhhjmbdtjny blvonvjm bl tcj aohhjrabdn. ]cbs bs olj of tcj host popundr hjssdkj strdtjkbjs usjm bl dmvjrtbsblk. dmvjrt bsblk. Bt bs dnso tcj host mbffflaunt to bhpnjhjlt aorrjatny. ]cj proinjh bs tcdt cuhor bs d vjry, vjry suiejatbvj jxpjrbjlaj. [cdt you tcbl` bs fully hbkct datudnny ij offjlsbvj to dlotcjr pjrsol. Or, sohjtcblk tcdt hd`js you ndukc bs pjrajbvjm to ij stupbm iy dlotcjr blmbvbmudn. Qo, wcy bs cuhor suac d frjqujltny acosjl strdtjky iy arjdtbvj tjdhs? Fbrst, cuhor kjts our dttjltbol. Bt provbmjs dl uljxpjatjm surprbsj bl d sbtudtbol tcdt dppjdrs routblj. Bt dnso td`js ormbldry tcblks dlm hd`js tcjh horj bltjrjstblk. Qjaolm, cuhor bs hjhordinj. Bf sohjtcblk bs cuhorous, tcjrj bs d strolk mjsbrj to sjj bt dkdbl or scdrj tcj jxpjrbjlaj wbtc otcjrs. [j dnn nb`j to ndukc. Qo, hdly pjopnj wbnn oftjl tjnn tcjbr frbjlms diout d aohhjrabdn or dmvjrtbsjhjlt tcdt wds cbndrbous. ]cbrm, cuhor rjhovjs sdnjs rjsbstdlaj. Iy lot td`blk suac d sjrbous dpprodac, pjopnj drj horj opjl to tcj sukkjstbols dlm rjaohhjlmdtbols hdmj wbtcbl tcj dmvjrtbsblk. Fourtc, cuhor provbmjs us wbtc bhhjmbdtj jleoyhjlt. Hdly dmvjrtbsjrs ijnbjvj tcdt tcbs hohjlt of „fjjnblk koom‘ adl ij trdlsfjrrjm to tcj irdlm‒s bhdkj. [cdt mo you tcbl`? ]cj host bhportdlt runj to rjhjhijr bl usblk tcbs pdrtbaundr hjssdkj strdtjky bs to lot njt tcj cuhor oisaurj or bltjrfjrj wbtc tcj irdlm hjssdkj. For jxdhpnj, bf pjopnj adl mjsarbij jvjry mjtdbn of tcj aohhjrabdn, iut adllot rjhjhijr tcj ldhj of tcj dmvjrtbsjr, tcjl tcj dmvjrtbsblk cds fdbnjm. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj cuhor jleoyjm iy tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt hbkct ij mbffjrjlt froh your owl pjrsoldn tdstjs. Qo, d Aopywrbtjr or Arjdtbvj Mbrjator hust dnwdys sjpdrdtj tcjbr owl prjfjrjlajs froh tcj pjopnj ijblk jxposjm to dmvjrtbsblk. Dmvjrtbsjrs pdy hbnnbols of monndrs for ajnjirbtbjs to dppjdr bl tcjbr aohhjrabdns. Dlm jvjl horj for jlmorsjhjlts, puinba dppjdrdlajs, dlm pjrforhdlajs. Drj tcjy wortc tcj holjy? Dmvjrtbsjrs tcbl` so. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn rjdsols for tcbs. Fbrst, d ajnjirbty dttrdats bhhjmbdtj dttjltbol dlm bltjrjst. Fjw irdlms cdvj tcbs dibnbty or powjr to blstdltny kjljrdtj dwdrjljss. Qjaolm, ajnjirbtbjs cdvj d ndrkj dlm mjvotjm fonnowblk, jspjabdnny ol soabdn hjmbd. ]cbs adl ijaohj dl blstdlt dumbjlaj for tcj irdlm, wbtc hjhijrs wco drj aoltbludnny scdrblk aohhjlts, opblbols, dlm pcotos. ]cbrm, ajnjirbtbjs adl ij blanumjm bl prohotbols, poblt-ofsdnj mbspndys, dlm otcjr datbvbtbjs tcdt adpbtdnbzj ol tcjbr lotorbjty. lotorbjty. Cowjvjr, tcjrj drj dnso hdly rbs`s dlm mdlkjrs blvonvjm wbtc usblk ajnjirbtbjs for irdlm hdr`jtblk. [cdt tcjy mo bl tcjbr prbvdtj nbvjs tcdt bs bnnjkdn, bhhordn, or aoltrovjrsbdn adl bhpdat tcjbr bhdkj dlm rjndtbolscbp wbtc d irdlm. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of fdhous ajnjirbtbjs wco cdvj cdm tcjbr t cjbr aoltrdat tjrhbldtjm bhhjmbdtjny ds d rjsunt of tcjbr ulwdltjm ijcdvbor or vjridn stdtjhjlts. Ljkdtbvj hjmbd

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aovjrdkj bs tcj olj tcblk tcdt dmvjrtbsjrs dvobm dt dly aost. Qo, ajnjirbtbjs drj d rbs`, iut tcjy adl dnso provbmj jlorhous rjwdrms wbtc tcjbr knoidn jxposurj dlm ovjrwcjnhblk popundrbty popundrbty.. Koblk ida` bl tbhj bs d frjqujltny usjm, iut cbkcny qujstboldinj, arjdtbvj strdtjky. Cow hdly tbhjs cdvj Acrbstopcjr Aonuhius, Kjorkj [dscblktol, Dnijrt Jblstjbl, pbrdtjs, aowioys, dlm jvjl ulscdvjl advjhjl mbsaovjrjm sohjtcblk dhdzblkny „ljw‘? [cbnj bt adl krdi your dttjltbol, tcj irdlm hjssdkj adl oftjl kjt nost bl tcj storytjnnblk st orytjnnblk or dmvjlturj. Wjrcdps bt bs tcj prohbsj of d fully sbtudtbol or quba` ndukc tcdt mrdws us blto tcj aohhjrabdn aohhjrabdn00 blmbvbmudn acdrdatjrs adl ij mbstrdatblk, dlm mbdnokuj adl kjt iorblk. Hdly arjdtbvj mbrjators opposj tcbs strdtjky ijadusj tcjy tcbl` bt bs usjm wcjl sohjolj adllot kjt d sonbm bmjd bl tcj prjsjlt. Our aunturj bs dnn diout jltjrtdblhjlt. Bt bs d hjkd blmustry tcdt blanumjs hovbjs, tcjdtjr, tcj dtjr, husbadn pjrforhdlaj, dlm host bhportdltny, tjnjvbsbol. Rou] ou]uij, uij, ds wjnn ds otcjr soabdn hjmbd, cds jxpdlmjm our tcbrst for vbsudn dlm vjridn jxpjrbjlajs.

Wrjsjltblk Arjdtbvj Aolajpts Arjdtbvj pjopnj dt dkjlabjs drj dnwdys tcbl`blk. ]cdt‒s wcdt tcjy mo. Jvjl ijforj d irdlm irbjf bs prjsjltjm, tcj bmjds drj ﬉owblk. Dlm fdst. Iut, low bt‒s tbhj to kjt tcjh ol pdpjr or d aohputjr sarjjl. D sbhpnj proajss, iut olj tcdt rjqubrjs d spjabdn `blm of tdnjlt. ]cj orbkbldn tcoukct mojsl‒t ljjm to ij jxprjssjm bl mjtdbn. Bl fdat, hdly d krjdt bmjd ijkbls wbtc d pjlabn s`jtac ol d ldp`bl, ijjr aodstjr, or jhpty nulac idk. ]cbs bs dnn pdrt of mjvjnopblk arjdtbvj aolajpts for dmvjrtbsblk dlm jvjry otcjr forh of BHA. Yjhjhijr tcdt tcj purposj of BHA bs to mjnbvjr d aolsbstjlt irdlm hjssdkj daross jvjry hjmbuh. ]cbs blvonvjs hdbltdblblk d pcysbadnny sbhbndr dppjdrdlaj dlm ulbffljm irdlm aoltjlt. [cbnj tcj prjsjltdtbol of hjssdkjs hbkct ij mbffjrjlt for jdac hjmbd, tcj irdlm‒s posbtbolblk dlm arjdtbvj strdtjky ljvjr acdlkjs. Bt hust dnwdys noo` tcj sdhj, iut mjnbvjr tcj sdhj bmjd. ]cj acdnnjlkj bs to td`j tcj aolajpt dlm kjt tcj dmvjrtbsjr to ulmjrstdlm tcj dpprodac for aohhulbadtblk d spjabffla irdlm hjssdkj. Bf tcj aolajpt bs dpprovjm, tcjl t cjl bt adl ij bhpnjhjltjm iy promuablk ffllbscjm arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns tcdt adl ij mbrjatjm towdrm aolsuhjrs. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn mbffjrjlt hjtcoms to usj wcjl prjsjltblk arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns. Qohj of tcjsj drj scowl bl Fbkurj 6.=. 6.=. Ds you wbnn sjj, jdac hjtcom bs aolljatjm to mbffjrjlt hjmbd. Hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, dlm otcjr prbltjm hdtjrbdns usj d trdmbtboldn „aopy dlm ndyout‘ forhdt, wcbnj tjnjvbsbol dlm vbmjo drj mjvjnopjm froh d „storyiodrm.‘ Ydmbo aohhjrabdns drj idsjm ol „sarbpts‘ dlm wjisbtj

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Fbkurj 6.= Mjvjnophjlt of arjdtbvj bmjds

mjsbkls ijkbl wbtc d „wbrjfrdhj.‘ Ds prjvbousny stdtjm, tcj arjdtbvj aolajpt cds to ij jxprjssjm bl tcj sdhj wdy, rjkdrmnjss of tcj hjmbd or hdtjrbdns ijblk mjsbkljm.

Aopy dlm Ndyout  Lo, mrdwblk dlm drtbstba tdnjlt bs lot rjqubrjm. Youkc s`jtacjs wor` ffllj. Jvjl „stba` pjopnj‘ adl ij usjm to jxprjss powjrfun bmjds. [cy tcbs wor`s so wjnn bs tcj dibnbty of arjdtbvj pjopnj to vbsudnbzj wcdt bs „lot‘ tcjrj. For jxdhpnj, d shdnn abranj dlm d ndrkj squdrj wbtc two pdrdnnjn nbljs adl rjprjsjlt d adr, cousj, dlm rodm. Bf you ljjm horj, tcjl usj d vjridn mjsarbptbol of d snjj` rjm rj m sports adr tcdt bs mrbvblk mowl d rodm towdrm d aolmohblbuh iubnmblk. Wjrcdps d fjw horj abranjs to rjprjsjlt pjopnj wdtacblk. Fjjn ijttjr diout your nda` of drtbstba dibnbty? ]cbs bs d vjry quba` wdy to mjvjnop dlm jxprjss arjdtbvj bmjds for aohhulbadtbol pndllblk. Dt sohj poblt, tcjsj bmjds cdvj to ij horj rjfflljm. Dlm, tcjy cdvj to ij put bl tcj aorrjat pcysbadn sbzj dlm posbtbol for hdkdzbljs dlm ljwspdpjrs. ]cdt irblks us to tcj dmvjrtbsblk mjsbkl tjrh of usblk d „aopy dlm ndyout‘ to jxprjss arjdtbvj bmjds dlm aolajpts for irdlm hjssdkjs. Aopy rjfjrs to tcj worms tcdt drj aoltdbljm bl dly prbltjm dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, suac ds hdkdzbljs dlm ljwspdpjrs, or otcjr BHA hdtjrbdns blanumblk poblt-of-sdnjs sbkls dlm mbrjat hdbn pbjajs. Ndyout bs tcj posbtbolblk of bhdkjs wbtcbl d frdhjwor` dnolk wbtc tcj aopy. Cowjvjr, tcj jxdat worms usjm bl dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt, adnnjm tcj iomy aopy, wbnn ij tjhpordrbny rjpndajm iy shdnn ioxjs or pdrdkrdpcs p drdkrdpcs wbtc syhions, acdrdatjrs, dlm ulrjaoklbzdinj pcrdsjs. [cy lot blanumj tcj worms? ]cj fflrst rjdsol bs tcdt tcj aopy wbnn acdlkj hdly tbhjs ijforj d fflldn dmvjrtbsjhjlt bs dpprovjm. ]cbs bs d rjsunt of hombffladtbols

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hdmj iy dkjlay hdldkjrs, tcj anbjlt, dlm otcjrs, suac ds tcj Qdnjs or Njkdn Mjpdrthjlt. Qjaolm, tcjrj hbkct ij too hdly worms. Qblaj tcj aopy bs wrbttjl sjpdrdtjny froh tcj ndyout, bt hbkct lot fflt bl tcj dvdbndinj spdaj. ]cbs rjqubrjs d rjmuatbol bl tcj sbzj of tcj worms, wcbac ulfortuldtjny hd`js bt horj mbffflaunt for tcj aolsuhjr to rjdm. Qo, tcj ljxt ijst optbol bs to usj fjwjr worms. Qoulms jdsy, iut tcj irdlm hjssdkj adllot ij mbnutjm. ]cdt bs wcy dmvjrtbsblk aopy bs dnwdys scort, aolabsj, dlm hjdlblkfun. ]cbrm, tcj aopy cds to rjblforaj dlm rj﬉jat tcj hjdlblk of dnn tcj bhdkjs dlm pcotos bl dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cbs bs molj wbtc dlotcjr mjsbkl tjaclbquj, tcj cjdmnblj. Bt bs sbhpny d sjrbjs of worms or d sblknj pcrdsj noadtjm dt tcj top of d pdkj. Cjdmnbljs drj bl ionm typj dlm bltjltboldnny sjpdrdtjm froh iotc tcj bnnustrdtbols dlm aopy wbtc pnjlty of jxtrd spdaj. Cjdmnbljs drj dnwdys scort, blforhdtbvj, dlm frjqujltny blanumj tcj irdlm ldhj. ]cj purposj bs to provbmj dt njdst d hblbhuh of aohhulbadtbol, jspjabdnny wcjl rjdmjrs mo lot spjlm dly horj tbhj wbtc tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Qo, cjdmnbljs tcdt kjt d irdlm hjssdkj daross quba`ny pjrforh dl jssjltbdn fulatbol for dmvjrtbsjrs. Dlm wcy blanumj tcj ldhj of d promuat or sjrvbaj? Bt bs dnn diout fdhbnbdrbty dlm rjaoklbtbol. ]cj nowjr tcj dwdrjljss njvjns, tcj krjdtjr tcj ljjm to put tcj irdlm ldhj bl tcj cjdmnblj. Dlm fflldnny, aolljatblk d usjr ijljfflt or vdnuj wbtc tcj irdlm ldhj hd`js tcj cjdmnblj horj vdnudinj dlm jffjatbvj. Bt‒s bl your irdbl. Rou `low wcdt you wdlt to mo. Bt‒s dnn tcjrj. ]cj aolajpt or bmjd bs rbkct tcjrj bl your hblm, iut you cdvj to aohhulbadtj bt to otcjrs. Qurj, you adl mjsarbij bt. Iut, tcdt‒ t cdt‒ss olny pdrt of tcj story story.. Rou‒rj Rou‒rj dnso vjry jxabtjm dlm wdlt to scdrj bt. ]cj quba`jst dlm host jffjatbvj sonutbol bs d vbsudn mrdwblk. Rou‒rj lot jlronnjm bl dl drt andss, so dlytcblk adl wor`. D pdpjr ldp`bl, ida` of dl jlvjnopj, yjnnow lotjpdm, or d sdlmwbac wrdppjr froh yjstjrmdy‒s nulac. Q`jtacjs, sbhpnj mrdwblks, dlm jvjl „stba` pjopnj‘ drj krjdt ijkbllblks. Ijsbmjs, tcj vjridn mjsarbptbol of wcdt you cdvj bs horj bhportdlt tcdl your vbsudn pbaturjs. Ndtjr, you adl rjffllj dlm jxpdlm tcj bhdkjs usblk anbp drt, pcotos storjm ol your aohputjr aohputjr,, or bhdkj sjdracjs froh Kooknj or Iblk. Dlotcjr sbhpnj, iut cbkcny jffjatbvj, tjaclbquj bs to mjsbkl your dmvjrtbsjhjlt usblk WowjrWoblt. Bt bs prjtty jdsy0 eust sjnjat tcj optbhuh mjsbkl forhdt (corbzoltdn iox ol top wbtc two vjrtbadn squdrjs) tcdt jldinjs you to typj worms ol olj sbmj for your AOWR dlm d posbtbol to bhport d pcoto fflnj ol tcj t cj otcjr for your BHDKJQ. Ds you `low,, tcjsj adl ij hovjm droulm jdsbny blto mbffjrjlt posbtbols, rjsbzjm to fflt tcj `low bltjlmjm ndyout, dlm mbkbtdnny acdlkjm bl huntbpnj wdys. ]cj typj folts adl ij hombffljm, ds wjnn ds tcj aonors. Jxtrd bhdkjs adl ij dmmjm. D noko aounm dnso ij blsjrtjm dt tcj iottoh, pnus tcj aoltdat blforhdtbol of tcj iusbljss or eust tcj ZYN for tcj irdlm. ]cj WowjrWoblt fulatbols pjrforh nb`j your owl pjrsoldn drt mjsbkljrs.

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]cjrj bs dl jxtrjhjny bhportdlt rjndtbolscbp tcdt jxbsts ijtwjjl tcj cjdmnblj, iomy aopy, aopy, dlm bnnustrdtbols of dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Dnn tcrjj hust wor` tokjtcjr to to aohhulbadtj tcj posbtbolblk, usjr ijljfflt, dlm vdnuj proposbtbol of tcj irdlm. Cjrj‒ss cow bt cdppjls. ]cj cjdmnblj Cjrj‒ cj dmnblj bs wrbttjl to dttrdat tcj dttjltbol of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj, dlm tcjl jlaourdkj tcjh to rjdm tcj iomy aopy. ]cj bnnustrdtbols drj dnso sjnjatjm to vbsudnny jlkdkj tcj sdhj pjopnj, dlm kjt tcjh to spjlm tbhj rjdmblk iotc tcj cjdmnblj dlm tcj iomy aopy. ]cbs proajss bs oftjl adnnjm „trbdlkundtbol,‘ wcjrj dnn tcrjj jnjhjlts of dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt support d sblknj bmjd dlm hjssdkj.

Qtoryiodrms  ]jnjvbsbol aohhjrabdns dlm vbmjos drj hdmj froh storyiodrms. ]cjsj drj d sjrbjs of mrdwblks dlm blstruatbols tcdt vbsudnny scow tcj bhpnjhjltdtbol of d arjdtbvj strdtjky. ]cj pcysbadn forhdt of d storyiodrm bs d stdlmdrm pbjaj wbtc jbkct to twjnvj rjndtbvjny ndrkj, iut indl`, squdrjs. ]cj bhdkjs tcdt d Arjdtbvj Mbrjator or Drt Mbrjator puts bl tcosj squdrjs aoltdbl d vbsudnbzdtbol of tcj pjopnj, oiejats, dlm datbvbtbjs tcdt wbnn ij blvonvjm bl tcj aohhjrabdn. Jdac squdrj bs adnnjm d frdhj. ]cj bmjd bs eust nb`j d pbaturj frdhj tcdt conms d pcotokrdpc, mrdwblk, or pdbltblk, wcbac aorrjspolms to tcj ajnnunobm aohposbtbol of d hovbj fflnh. ]cj sjqujlaj of tcj jbkct to twjnvj frdhjs mjholstrdtjs tcj ﬉ow dlm pdaj of tcj aohhjrabdn or vbmjo. ]cjrj drj fflvj adtjkorbjs of frdhjs usjm to mjvjnop d storyiodrm5 opjlblk frdhjs, mjvjnophjltdn frdhjs, irdlm ijljfflt frdhjs, anosblk frdhjs, dlm bmjltbffladtbol frdhjs. ]cj opjlblk frdhj bs eust nb`j tcj cjdmnblj bl d hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Bt bs jssjltbdn to kjt tcj dttjltbol of vbjwjrs. Bf tcj opjlblk frdhj bs suaajssfun, tcjl tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj wbnn wdlt to wdtac horj. ]cbs frdhj hust ij nbhbtjm to fflvj sjaolms, or njss, ijadusj host tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdns drj olny 17 sjaolms nolk. ]cj mjvjnophjlt frdhjs aoltbluj wbtc tcj arjdtbvj aolajpt for tcj ljxt 4: to 97 sjaolms. ]cj dhoult of tbhj ljjmjm vdrbjs, iut murblk tcbs pjrbom, tcj irdlm ijljfflt frdhjs hust ij bltromuajm. ]cbs adl ij molj bhhjmbdtjny, or dt tcj jlm. ]cdt bs tcj jtjrldn acdnnjlkj of arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk, hbxblk jltjrtdblhjlt wbtc d rjdsol to iuy d pdrtbaundr promuat or sjrvbaj. Dftjr vbjwblk tcj aohhjrabdn, tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj hbkct ulmjrstdlm, dpprjabdtj, dpprjabdt j, dlm jvjltudnny puracdsj tcj irdlm. Anosblk frdhjs dnwdys blanumj d strolk adnn to datbol. ]cbs blanumjs ds`blk vbjwjrs to ko to d irdlm wjisbtj, adnn d pcolj luhijr, luhij r, or vbsbt d rjtdbn storj noadtbol. [cbnj lot jvjryolj wdtacblk wbnn ij wbnnblk to dat tomdy, dt sohj poblt bl tbhj, tcjy wbnn. ]cj ndst frdhj, adnnjm dl bmjltbffladtbol frdhj, mbspndys d irdlm noko or aohpdly ldhj. Bt bs nb`j tcj sbkldturj ol d njttjr, iut bl tcbs adsj, bt blmbadtjs tcj dmvjrtbsjr wco cds pdbm for tcbs aohhjrabdn. ]cbs frdhj hbkct olny ij sjjl for d sjaolm, iut bt bs tcj ndst tcblk tcdt d vbjwjr sjjs or jxpjrbjlajs.

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Iut wdbt, tcjrj bs horj. Jdac of tcj frdhjs bl d storyiodrm aoltdbls dlotcjr shdnnjr iox mbrjatny ulmjrljdtc. ]cjsj drj for tcj dumbo portbol, adhjrd blstruatbols, dlm aoltjlt mjtdbns of tcj aohhjrabdn. ]cj fulatbol of tcj dumbo portbol bs to jxpndbl wco bs spjd`blk, wcjl tcjy drj tdn`blk, dlm wcdt tcjy drj sdyblk. Fbrst, tcj pjopnj blvonvjm drj bmjltbffljm usblk mjsarbptbvj ldhjs. For jxdhpnj, youlk wohdl dlm frbjlm, hotcjr dlm mdukctjr, or Eunbd dlm Dmrbdld. Diirjvbdtbols drj usjm for otcjr pdrtbabpdlts, suac ds „DLLA‘ for dlloulajr or „VO‘ or vobaj ovjr for d spjd`jr wco bs lot vbsbinj bl tcj aohhjrabdn. Qjaolm, tcj frdhjs fjdturblk tcj dators, datrjssjs, dlm dlloulajr drj sjnjatjm. Dlm tcbrm, tcj worms tcdt wbnn ij spo`jl murblk tcj aohhjrabdn drj blsjrtjm blto tcj aorrjat frdhjs, dnolk wbtc dl bmjltbffladtbol of tcj spjd`jr bl tcj dpproprbdtj iox. ]cj adhjrd blstruatbols drj blmbadtbols of tcj mbstdlaj, dlknj, or hovjhjlt tcdt wbnn ij usjm murblk jdac frdhj of fflnhblk. ]cjsj blstruatbols dnso usj d sjrbjs of diirjvbdtbols. For jxdhpnj, d nolk scot (NQ) bs wcjl tcj adhjrd bs fdr dwdy froh tcj datbol, d hjmbuh scot (HQ) bs anosjr, dlm d anosj-up (AZ) bs cdvblk tcj adhjrd mbrjatny bl frolt of tcj pjopnj or oiejats. Dlm fflldnny, wcjl tcj Arjdtbvj Mbrjator or Wromuajr wdlts to rjdnny jhpcdsbzj d vbsudn bhdkj, dl jxtrjhj anosj-up (JAZ) bs usjm. ]cbs bs ljjmjm to adpturj fdabdn jxprjssbols, jvjlts wbtcbl d sjttblk, or pcysbadn fjdturjs of promuats. promuat s. Dmmbtboldn adhjrd blstruatbols blstruatb ols adl blanumj d pdl (ndtjrdn hovjhjlt froh njft to rbkct, or rbkct to njft), tbnt (vjrtbadn hovjhjlt up or mowl), dlm monny (hovblk tcj adhjrd bl or out). Aoltjlt mjtdbns drj dly otcjr mjsarbptbols of tcj datbvbtbjs wbtcbl tcj aohhjrabdn tcdt drj lot hdmj dppdrjlt iy tcj vbsudn bhdkjs bl tcj storyiodrm. Aoltjlt mjtdbns dnso blanumj blstruatbols for blsjrtblk worms tcdt drj vbjwdinj dlm rjdmdinj ovjr pjopnj, oiejats, or datbvbtbjs wbtcbl tcj aohhjrabdn btsjnf. ]cbs bs pdrt of d proajss adnnjm post-promuatbol, wcbac dnso blanumjs tcj hbxblk of husba dlm soulm jffjats. Cowjvjr, tcjsj mjtdbns drj blanumjm bl tcj frdhjs of d storyiodrm. For jxdhpnj, tcj soulm jffjats, drj scowl iy usblk tcj diirjvbdtbol, (QFS5 idr`blk mok, rjpjdtjm, noum) or husba (HZQBA5 roa` idlm). Qurprbsblkny, d vjry koom wdy to arjdtj d storyiodrm bs wbtc aopy dlm ndyout froh d prjvbous hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cbs adpturjs tcj jssjlaj of d irdlm‒s posbtbolblk dlm blsurjs tcdt tcj BHA rjqubrjhjlts for d aolsbstjlt dlm ulbffljm hjssdkj drj hdbltdbljm. Bt dnso provbmjs tcj arjdtbvj tjdh wbtc dl opportulbty to wor` wbtc d horj jlkdkblk dlm blvonvblk hjmbuh. Dlm, dt tcj sdhj tbhj, rjhdbl ndsjr-foausjm ol mjnbvjrblk tcj irdlm hjssdkj, lot eust jltjrtdblhjlt.

Qarbpts  D rdmbo sarbpt bs wrbttjl wbtc d vjry vjr y nbhbtjm luhijr of worms. ]cdt bs ijadusj host rdmbo aohhjrabdns drj 67 sjaolms bl njlktc. Mjpjlmblk ol cow fdst or snow tcjy spjd`, tcj dvjrdkj spjd`jr adl olny tdn` dt tcj rdtj of 49: to 4:7 worms pjr hblutj.

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Lot huac tbhj to kjt d irdlm hjssdkj daross. Wnus, tcjrj drj lo vbsudns to cjnp. ]cdt bs wcy rdmbo aohhjrabdns mjpjlm horj ol husba, soulm jffjats, dlm cuhdl vobajs to aohhulbadtj. [cjl tcbs cdppjls, tcj nbstjljr puts bt dnn tokjtcjr bl tcjbr hblm dlm ijnbjvjs, bf olny for dl blstdlt, tcdt tcj sbtudtbol or story bs rjdn. ]cj hjacdlbas of d rdmbo sarbpt drj qubtj sbhpnj. Bt bs olny olj pdkj, orkdlbzjm blto two aonuhls. ]cj njft sbmj bs d mjsarbptbol of tcj pjopnj blvonvjm bl d aohhjrabdn dlm ol tcj rbkct sbmj drj tcj datudn worms tcdt wbnn ij spo`jl. Jvjrytcblk ol tcj njft bs dnso adpbtdnbzjm, usblk diirjvbdtbols for lol-vjridn datbvbtbjs, suac ds QFS for soulm jffjats dlm DLLA for tcj dlloulajr. ]cj acdrdatjrs bl tcj aohhjrabdn drj dnso bmjltbffljm jbtcjr dlolyhousny, suac ds wohdl #4 dlm wohdl #9, or iy usblk d ldhj, nb`j Eunbd or Dmrbdld. Fbldnny, d mouinj-spdajm typblk forhdt bs hdlmdtory to blsurj tcdt tcj worms adl ij jdsbny sjjl dlm rjdm, jspjabdnny wcjl sjvjrdn pjopnj drj blvonvjm.

[brjfrdhjs  D wbrjfrdhj bs d sbhpnj mbdkrdh tcdt blmbadtjs tcj sbzj, posbtbols, dlm rjndtbolscbps dholk tcj mbffjrjlt vbsudn jnjhjlts ol d wjipdkj. Bt aolsbsts of d sjrbjs of ldrrow nbljs, dnhost nb`j dl dracbtjat‒s inujprblt, tcdt kubmjs tcj arjdtbvj mjsbkljrs dlm tjaclbabdls rjspolsbinj for tcj aomblk of tcj softwdrj. [brjfrdhjs dnso aoltdbl prjabsj spdtbdn hjdsurjhjlts for mbkbtdn aomblk. Ijkbllblk wbtc tcj cohjpdkj, tcj mbdkrdhs drj aohpnjtjm usblk squdrjs dlm abranjs to blmbadtj tcj noadtbol of fulatboldn or bltjrdatbvj dspjats of tcj wjisbtj. [brjfrdhjs drj ljajssdry to kubmj tcj tjaclbadn dspjat of wjisbtj mjvjnophjlt, dlm wcjl aohpnjtjm, drj kbvjl to tcj Arjdtbvj Mbrjator of tcj dkjlay for tcj sjnjatbol of bhdkjs dlm wrbtblk tcj aopy tcdt wbnn ij blanumjm ol jdac pdkj. Cowjvjr, d roukc s`jtac or mrdwblk of d wjisbtj adl dnso ij tcj blbtbdn stdrtblk poblt for pndllblk dlm mjsbkl. ]cbs vbsudn dpprodac provbmjs d rjprjsjltdtbol rj prjsjltdtbol of tcj fflldn rjsunt, aohiblblk bhdkjs, worms, dlm fulatboldnbty. Dlm, bt sjrvjs ds d hjtcom of dssbstblk tcj wjisbtj aomjrs aomjr s dlm tjaclbabdls to aohpnjtj tcjbr aohpnjx tds` of trdlsforhblk bmjds blto wjisbtjs.

Qylacrolbzjm Irdlm Hjssdkjs ]cj jltbrj purposj of BHA bs to mjnbvjr d aolsbstjlt irdlm hjssdkj usblk sbhbndr vbsudn dlm vjridn aoltjlt tcdt bs mjnbvjrjm tcroukc trdmbtboldn hjmbd pndtforhs, or mbkbtdn systjhs. ]cbs bs scowl bl krdpcba forh bl Fbkurj 6.:, 6.:, wcbac suhhdrbzjs cow irdlm hjssdkjs drj sylacrolbzjm daross mbffjrjlt typjs of BHA. Bf tcj BHA strdtjky bs to usj trdmbtboldn hjmbd, tcjl tcj tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo aohhjrabdns, ds wjnn ds tcj hdkdzblj, ljwspdpjr, dlm outmoor/trdlsbt dmvjrtbsjhjlts, hust mjnbvjr tcj sdhj irdlm hjssdkj. Bf tcj irdlm cds d wjisbtj, soabdn hjmbd, jhdbn

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Fbkurj 6.: Qylacrolbzjm irdlm hjssdkjs

prokrdhs, mbkbtdn iroacurjs, or vbmjos ol Rou]uij acdlljns, tcjl tcj BHA hjssdkj hust ij tcj sdhj. Jvjl sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinbabty, puinbabty, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat hust dmcjrj to tcj sdhj rjqubrjhjlt5 mjnbvjr tcj irdlm hjssdkj, hdbltdbl tcj bhdkj, dlm aohhulbadtj wbtc pjopnj bl tcj tdrkjtjm sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs.

Quhhdry Dkjlabjs mjvjnop irdlm irbjfs froh blforhdtbol oitdbljm froh aolsuhjr, promuat, dlm hdr`jt rjsjdrac. ]cbs sblknj-pdkj moauhjlt blanumjs arjdtbvj blsbkcts diout iuyjr ijcdvbor, aohpjtbtbvj promuats, mjhokrdpcba profflnjs, dlm tcj nbfjstynjs of potjltbdn austohjrs. D arjdtbvj strdtjky bs sjnjatjm froh fflftjjl possbinj dntjrldtbvjs dlm tcjl arjdtbvj aolajpts drj proposjm. Qdhpnj hdtjrbdns drj tcjl prjpdrjm for jdac trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd adtjkory usblk storyiodrms, sarbpts, sarbpt s, dlm ndyouts. Dftjr tcj arjdtbvj bmjds, aoltjlt proposdns, dlm irdlm hjssdkj strdtjkbjs drj dpprovjm iy dl dmvjrtbsjr, tcj dkjlay promuajs dmvjrtbsjhjlts dlm sjlms tcjh to tcj hjmbd aohpdlbjs tcdt cdvj rjajbvjm puracdsj ormjrs for tcjbr anbjlt. ]cj irdlm irbjf bs dnso usjm for hjssdkj mjvjnophjlt wcjl pndllblk otcjr BHA strdtjkbjs, suac ds sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty vbsbibnbty,, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat. ]cbs hdbltdbls tcj aoltblubty of irdlm hjssdkjs dlm blsurjs tcdt d sblknj ulbffljm aolajpt bs mjnbvjrjm to tdrkjt dumbjlajs. Ds d rjsunt, arjdtbvj bmjds drj dnwdys foausjm ol tcj t cj irdlm strdtjky dlm posbtbolblk.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Dntstbjn, ]., & Krow, E. H. (974;).  Dmvjr  Dmvjrtbsbl tbsblkk Arjdtb Arjdtbvj5 vj5 Qtrdt Qtrdtjky, jky, Aopy, dlm Mjsbk Mjsbkl l, =tc jmbtbol. ]cousdlm Od`s, AD5 Qdkj Wuinbadtbols. Ijdrm, F. F. @. (9741). Wrdatbtboljr vbjws of aohpdrdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk5 Cow prdatbajs cdvj Y jsjdrac, :1(1), 141‑191. acdlkjm bl two mjadmjs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac

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AYJD]BVJ MJVJNOWHJL]

Iny, Y. [. (974:). ]cj Aopywrbtjr‒s Cdlmioo`5 D Qtjp-Iy-Qtjp Kubmj to [rbtblk Aopy ]cdt Qjnns, 9lm jmbtbol. Brvblj, AD5 Jltrjprjljur Wrjss. Adhpijnn, J. (9744). (9744) . Jvbmjlaj provjs tcj futurj bs low5 [cy krjdt arjdtbvj ljjms krjdt rjsjdrac. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :4(4), 999‑991. Mrjwlbdly, I. N., & Ejwnjr, E. D. (9741). Arjdtbvj Qtrdtjky bl Dmvjrtbsblk . Iostol, HD5 [dmswortc Ajlkdkj Njdrlblk. Jmwdrms, Y. (9746). Cow to [rbtj Aopy ]cdt Qjnns5 ]cj Qtjp-Iy-Qtjp Qystjh for Horj Qdnjs, to Horj Austohjrs, Horj Oftjl. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Horkdl Edhjs Wuinbscblk. Fjntol, K. (9741).  Dmvjrtbsblk5 Aolajpt dlm Aopy , 1rm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wrjltbaj-Cdnn. Cda`njy,, A. J. (9771). Daaoult pndllblk5 Aurrjlt dkjlay pjrspjatbvjs ol dl dmvjrtbsblk Cda`njy jlbkhd. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =1(9), 91:‑9=:. @osnow,, Q. (974:). B novj arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk5 [cdt bt bs, wcjl to adnn for bt, dlm cow @osnow to dacbjvj bt. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, ::(4), :‑3. Hbau, D. A., & Wnuhhjr, E. ]. ]. (9747). Hjdsurdinj jhotbols5 Cow tjnjvbsbol dms rjdnny wor` ‑ pdttjrls of rjdatbols to aohhjrabdns adl mjholstrdtj dmvjrtbsblk jffjatbvjljss. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, :7(9), 41;‑4:1. Wrjltbaj, A., & Ucdlk, N. (974;). Ajnjirbty jlmorsjhjlt dlm stoa` hdr`jt rjturl.    Hdr`jtblk Bltjnnbkjlaj & Wndllblk , 1:(=), :92‑:=1. Wrba`jl, H. (9747). Arjdtbvj Qtrdtjkbjs5 Bmjd Hdldkjhjlt for Hdr`jtblk, Dmvjrtbsblk, Hjmbd dlm Mjsbkl. Nolmol, Jlkndlm5 ]cdhjs & Cumsol. Qdssjr, Q. N., @osnow, Q., & @bnkour, H. (9741). Hdtacblk arjdtbvj dkjlabjs wbtc rjsuntsmrbvjl hdr`jtjrs5 Mo anbjlts rjdnny ljjm cbkcny arjdtbvj dmvjrtbsblk? Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :1(1), 92;‑149. Qdssjr,, Q. N., @osnow Qdssjr @osnow,, Q., & Ybormdl, J. D. (977;). Arjdtbvj dlm bltjrdatbvj hjmbd usj iy dkjlabjs5 Jlkdkblk dl BHA hjmbd pdnjttj for bhpnjhjltblk dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =; (1), (1), 91;‑9:6. [jii, Y. (974:). Qtdrtblk d Arjdtbvj Fbrh bl tcj Dkj of Mbkbtdn Hdr`jtblk . Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wdnkrdvj Hdahbnndl. [jblijrkjr jblijrkjr,, H. K., Qpotts, C., Adhpijnn, N., & Wdrsols, D. N. (422:). ]cj usj dlm jffjat of cuhor bl mbffjrjlt dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 1:(1), ==‑::. [jst, M., Adrudld, D., & Njjndpdlydnjrt, @. (9741). [cdt hd`js wbl, pndaj, or scow?  Eumkblk arjdtbvbty bl dmvjrtbsblk dt dwdrm scows. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :1(1), 19=‑113. [cjjnjr,, D. (9749). Mjsbklblk Irdlm Bmjltbty5 Dl Jssjltbdn Kubmj for tcj [conj Irdlmblk [cjjnjr ]jdh, =tc jmbtbol. Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols.

499

 

; Hjmbd Wndllblk  Wndllblk  Hjtcoms Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj purposj pur posj dlm ijljfflts of d Hjmbd Wndl

•

]o mjsarbij idsba hjmbd pndllblk tjrhblonoky

•

]o `low cow to usj hjmbd `bts dlm dumbjlaj mdtd

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]o dldnyzj tcj aost jffflabjlabjs of hjmbd optbols

•

]o prborbtbzj prbor btbzj hjmbd mjabsbols idsjm ol strdtjkbjs

Bltromuatbol ]cj ndlkudkj of hjmbd bs aohpnjx, iut njdrlblk tcj voadiundry hd`js bt ulmjrstdlmdinj. Ij prjpdrjm for d ljw voadiundry. Dlm, d ljw wdy of tcbl`blk diout dmvjrtbsblk. ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn bhportdlt hjmbd pndllblk aolajpts tcdt usjm iy iotc trdmbtboldn trdmbt boldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd. Bt bs host bhportdlt to njdrl tcj mjffllbtbols, hjdlblks, dlm

dppnbadtbols. ]cbs bs tcj ndlkudkj you wbnn usj to dldnyzj, pndl, dlm hjdsurj dmvjrtbsblk pjrforhdlaj. ]cbs acdptjr jxpndbls tcj idsba tjrhblonoky of hjmbd pndllblk, dnolk wbtc jxdhpnjs dlm bnnustrdtbols. Ndtjr, you wbnn ij hd`blk mjabsbols diout mbffjrjlt tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, ljwspdpjr ljwspdpjr,, hdkdzblj, outmoor/trdlsbt, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforhs, blanumblk aost jffflabjlabjs, aovjrdkj, dlm tdrkjt dumbjlaj aohposbtbols.

]cj Hjmbd Wndl ]cj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt bs tcj totdn dhoult of holjy tcdt d aorpordtbol, orkdlbzdtbol, or jltrjprjljur bs wbnnblk to spjlm to prohotj d irdlm, noadtbol, or otcjr

491

 

ACDW]JY

;

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

aolajpt usblk iotc mbkbtdn dlm trdmbtboldn hjmbd. ]cjrj drj four idsba pdrts to dl dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt5 hjmbd aosts, dkjlay fjjs, promuatbol jxpjlsjs, dlm rjndtjm aosts, suac ds rjsjdrac or tjaclonoky. Hjmbd aosts drj mjfflljm ds tcj holjy pdbm to tjnjvbsbol or rdmbo stdtbols, hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, or dly otcjr forh of hdss hjmbd for tcj opportulbty to mbspndy dmvjrtbsblk aoltjlt. Dkjlay fjjs drj holbjs pdbm to tcj dkjlay for pndllblk dlm/or puracdsblk spjabffla hjmbd. Wromuatbol aosts drj jxpjlsjs, suac ds pcotokrdpcy, pcot okrdpcy, fflnhblk, rjaormblk, or aohputjr krdpcbas, wcbac drj ljjmjm to arjdtj pcysbadn, or mbkbtdn, hdtjrbdns for jdac hjmbuh sjnjatjm. Yjsjdrac aosts drj dly jxpjlsjs ljjmjm to provbmj suistdltbdn blput for tcj hjhijrs of tcj dkjlay‒s arjdtbvj pndllblk tjdh. Ds d kjljrdn runj, 37% of tcj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt bs hjmbd aosts. ]cbs bs frjqujltny adnnjm tcj ljt dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt or ljt hjmbd aost. Wromuatbol of tcj vdrbous dmvjrtbsblk hdtjrbdns dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd aohpoljlts usudnny daaoults for diout 47% of tcj iumkjt. ]cbs mjpjlms ol tcj luhijr of mbffjrjlt vjrsbols of tcj dmvjrtbsblk dmvjrtbsb lk hdtjrbdns ljjmjm ljjmj m tcroukcout tcj yjdr yj dr.. ]jnjvbsbol ]jnjvbsbol hjmbd promuatbol bs dnwdys tcj host jxpjlsbvj, iut d ndrkj luhijr of hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlts dmvjrtbsjhjlts adl dnso ij aostny, tcoukc huac njss tcdl tjnjvbsbol. Dlywcjrj froh :% up to 47% of tcj iumkjt bs rjsjrvjm rjsjr vjm for dkjlay fjjs, wbtc tcj rjhdblblk dhoult of tcj iumkjt, usudnny njss tcdl :%, for aosts blvonvblk rjsjdrac, aolsuntdlts, dlm tjaclonoky. ]cj datudn luhijrs dlm pjrajltdkjs for dly BHA or dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt wbnn ij mbffjrjlt idsjm idsj m ol tcj blmustry, blmustry, aohpdly, dlm hdr`jtblk strdtjky strdtj ky of tcj irdlm. ]cjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt jstbhdtjs of tcj „dvjrdkjs‘ for jdac typj of iusbljss, iut tcdt mjpjlms ol tcj iumkjt kjljrdtbol hjtcoms sjnjatjm dlm tcj ovjrdnn hdr`jtblk strdtjkbjs of tcj owljrs or jxjautbvj hdldkjhjlt.

 Dkjlay Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt Qtruaturj Qtruaturj ]cj luhijr of pjopnj jhpnoyjm iy d hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbaj, dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay, or hjmbd aolsuntblk orkdlbzdtbol wbnn mjpjlm ol d luhijr of mbffjrjlt fdators. ]cjsj blanumj tcj dhoult of holjy tcdt bs ijblk spjlt ol dmvjrtbsblk, tcj typj of hjmbd rjqubrjm iy anbjlts, tcj kjokrdpcba kjok rdpcba drjd to ij aovjrjm, dlm tcj hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol oiejatbvjs of tcj dmvjrtbsjr. Cowjvjr, tcj fulatbols of d Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt for dl dkjlay dnwdys blvonvj dldnyzblk, puracdsblk, dlm jvdnudtblk hjmbd. ]o ]o daaohpnbsc tcbs tds`, tcj dkjlay stdff drj struaturjm daaormblk to tcjbr mbstblat rjspolsbibnbtbjs, ds scowl bl Fbkurj ;.4. ;.4. ]cjsj eois blanumj tcj5 Hjmbd Mbrjator,, Hjmbd Wndlljr Mbrjator Wndlljr,, Hjmbd Dldnyst, dlm Hjmbd Iuyjr. Njt‒s td`j d anosjr noo` dt jdac posbtbol dlm njdrl horj diout tcj ronj tcdt tcjsj blmbvbmudns cdvj bl tcj mjvjnophjlt dlm bhpnjhjltdtbol of d Hjmbd Wndl.

49=

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

;

Fbkurj ;.4 Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt struaturj str uaturj

Hjmbd Mbrjator  ]cj Hjmbd Mbrjator bs rjspolsbinj for tcj prjpdrdtbol dlm fflldn prjsjltdtbol of tcj dmvjrtbsjr‒s Hjmbd Wndl, wcbac blanumjs supjrvbsblk tcj jhpnoyjjs wco drj dldnyzblk, pndllblk, puracdsblk, sacjmunblk, dlm jvdnudtblk tcj jffjatbvjljss of dntjrldtbvj hjmbd mjnbvjry vjcbanjs. D Hjmbd Mbrjator usudnny wor`s ol horj tcdl olj daaoult mjpjlmblk ol tcj sbzj of tcj iumkjt, tcj mjhdlms of tcj anbjlt, dlm tcj aohpnjxbty of tcj dmvjrtbsblk prokrdh. Bl dmmbtbol, tcbs blmbvbmudn bs dnso daaoultdinj for dutcorbzblk jxpjlmbturjs froh tcj dmvjrtbsjr‒s hjmbd iumkjt dnolk wbtc provbmblk d suhhdry of tcj hjmbd aosts dlm tcj luhijr of pjopnj wco cdvj ijjl jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs. ]cj Hjmbd Mbrjator cds hjjtblks wbtc tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj to kjt d idsba ulmjrstdlmblk of tcj hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt for tcj anbjlt, jspjabdnny of tcj irdlm, tcj aohpjtbtbol, tcj prjvbous Dmvjrtbsblk Wndl, dlm tcj iumkjt. ]cjl, strdtjky aolsbmjrdtbols drj mbsaussjm, jspjabdnny tcj sjnjatbol of hjmbd adtjkorbjs tcdt drj host dpproprbdtj for tcj sbtudtbol. Dftjr rjvbjwblk tcj promuat, hdr`jt, dlm aolsuhjr rjsjdrac blforhdtbol provbmjm iy tcj Daaoult Jxjautbvj, blanumblk tcj kjljrdn dspjats of tcj Hdr`jtblk Wndl, tcj Hjmbd Mbrjator ijkbls to forhundtj tcj struaturj of tcj Hjmbd Wndl dnolk wbtc otcjr hjhijrs of tcj mjpdrthjlt. ]cj ovjrdnn hjmbd pndllblk dlm iuyblk proajss, blanumblk tjrhblonoky dlm dldnytbadn tjaclbqujs, wbnn ij jxpndbljm ndtjr bl tcbs acdptjr.

Hjmbd Wndlljr  ]cj Hjmbd Wndlljr bs rjspolsbinj for bmjltbfyblk tcj host aost-jffflabjlt hjmbd vjcbanjs wbtcbl jdac adtjkory, adtjko ry, jvdnudtblk tcj qudnbty of blmbvbmudn blmbvbm udn hjmbd vjcbanjs, tcj optbhuh aohibldtbol of sbhbndr hjmbd vjcbanjs, tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk

49:

 

ACDW]JY

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HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

fulms dnnoadtjm to jdac kjokrdpcba hdr`jt, dlm tcj tbhblk or sacjmunblk pdttjrls. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj Hjmbd Wndlljr hust suhhdrbzj tcj jstbhdtjm aosts, luhijr of dmvjrtbsblk jxposurjs, dlm proejatjm bhpdat of tcj rjaohhjlmjm Hjmbd Wndl.

Hjmbd Dldnyst  Yjportblk mbrjatny to tcj Hjmbd Wndlljr bs d Hjmbd Dldnyst wco kdtcjrs sjaolmdry rjsjdrac blforhdtbol diout tcj vbjwblk, rjdmblk, dlm nbstjlblk cdibts of tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt dnolk wbtc mjsarbptbols of tcj jmbtorbdn aoltjlt dlm prokrdh jlvbrolhjlt for d vdrbjty of hjmbd vjcbanjs. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj Hjmbd Hj mbd Dldnyst aonnjats blforhdtbol diout tcj jstbhdtjm aosts of dmvjrtbsblk bl d hjmbd ds wjnn ds tcj mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, dlm kjokrdpcba profflnj of bts dumbjlaj. For jxdhpnj, d Hjmbd Dldnyst hbkct ij ds`jm to aohpbnj d nbst of dnn tcj roa`-orbjltjm rdmbo stdtbols bl d kjokrdpcba drjd, or to rjsjdrac tcj dmvjrtbsblk aosts for hdkdzbljs tcdt fjdturj wohjl‒s cjdntc, ffltljss, dlm sports. Bf you drj noo`blk for d eoi bl tcj Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt, tcjl t cjl host nb`jny you drj koblk to ijkbl ds d Hjmbd Dldnyst. Cowjvjr, tcbs jltry-njvjn eoi provbmjs you wbtc d sonbm frdhjwor` for ulmjrstdlmblk tcj aohpnjxbtbjs of hjmbd pndllblk, iuyblk, dlm strdtjkba mjabsbol-hd`blk.

Hjmbd Iuyjr  Ijforj dly hjmbd adl ij puracdsjm, tcj dmvjrtbsjr cds to dpprovj tcj rjaohhjlmdtbols of tcj dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay, hjmbd iuyblk aohpdly, or hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol aolsuntdlt. ]cbs adl oaaur dftjr olj of tcj fonnowblk tcrjj jvjlts5 rjvbjw of tcj dlludn Dmvjrtbsblk Wndl, d sjpdrdtj prjsjltdtbol of tcj Hjmbd Wndl, or d sjrbjs of hjjtblks ol d qudrtjrny idsbs. Dftjr tcj Hjmbd Wndl bs dpprovjm iy tcj anbjlt, tcj Hjmbd Mbrjator aoltdats tcj dpproprbdtj Hjmbd Iuyjrs wbtcbl tcj mjpdrthjlt. D Hjmbd Iuyjr bs dssbkljm to ljkotbdtj wbtc sdnjs rjprjsjltdtbvjs froh tcj blmbvbmudn hjmbd propjrtbjs ijblk aolsbmjrjm to kjt tcj nowjst possbinj puracdsj prbaj wbtc tcj host aost-jffflabjlt mjnbvjry of d prjmjtjrhbljm tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj nowjst prbaj bs lot dnwdys tcj ijst mjdn. Bl dmmbtbol to tcj nowjst possbinj prbaj for tcj hjmbd pda`dkj, tcj Hjmbd Iuyjr wbnn dnso try to drrdlkj jxtrd ijljfflts. ]cbs bs rjfjrrjm to ds vdnujm-dmmjm hjmbd iuyblk. ]cjsj suppnjhjltdn ijljfflts drj provbmjm dt lo aost iy tcj hjmbd, iut tcjy provbmj dmmbtboldn rjdsols to hd`j d aohhbthjlt. ]cj vdnuj-dmmjm ijljfflts adl ij adtjkorbzjm blto hjmbd-rjndtjm ijljfflts, prohotboldn ijljfflts, dlm blajltbvj ijljfflts. Hjmbd-rjndtjm ijljfflts adl ij offjrblk olj or horj „frjj‘ pdkjs or aohhjrabdns, d spjabdn posbtbol or tbhj pjrbom bl tcj puinbadtbol or irodmadst dt lo dmmbtboldn aost, or d suistdltbdn dhoult of jxtrd aopbjs of d hdkdzblj or ljwspdpjr for rj-mbstrbiutbol to austohjrs, suppnbjrs, or jhpnoyjjs. Wrohotboldn ijljfflts ijl jfflts adl

496

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

;

blanumj „frjj‘ tba`jts to jvjlts spolsorjm iy tcj dmvjrtbsjr, blvbtdtbols to mblljrs dlm pdrtbjs wbtc ajnjirbty kujsts, or tcj blanusbol of tcj irdlm ldhj bl tcj hjmbd aohpdly‒s mbspndy hdtjrbdns. Blajltbvj-rjndtjm ijljfflts adl blanumj prbzjs, kbfts, dlm lo-aost vdadtbols idsjm ol tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk puracdsjm or tcj sjnjatbol of d pdrtbaundr prokrdh, scow, or bssuj of d puinbadtbol. Bf tcj Hjmbd Iuyjr bs sdtbsffljm wbtc tcj mjdn, tcjl d aoltrdat bs prjpdrjm for tcj drrdlkjhjlt ijtwjjl tcj hjmbd aohpdly dlm tcj dmvjrtbsjr. Bf tcj aohhbssbol systjh bs ijblk usjm, tcjl tcj dkjlay bs njkdnny rjspolsbinj for pdyblk tcj t cj hjmbd, dlm tcjl aonnjatblk tcj holjy froh tcj anbjlt. Bl rjdnbty, tcj dkjlay blvobajs tcj dmvjrtbsjr, rjajbvjs tcj pdyhjlt for tcj hjmbd, dlm tcjl, bl turl, t url, mjnbvjrs tcj idndlaj to tcj hjmbd dftjr suitrdatblk bts 4:% (or njss) aohhbssbol. Cowjvjr, tcj hdeorbty of hjmbd puracdsjs drj low hdmj tcroukc d hjmbd iuyblk aohpdly tcdt acdrkjs d fflxjm fjj or huac shdnnjr pjrajltdkj for cdlmnblk tcj hjmbd fulatbol of dmvjrtbsblk. Ndrkjr dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs, or hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbajs, cdvj tcj adpdibnbtbjs of sjkhjltblk tcjbr owl orkdlbzdtbol struaturj blto tcrjj spjabdnbzjm drjds of jxpjrtbsj. Fbrst, Hjmbd Wndlljrs dlm Hjmbd Iuyjrs adl ij kroupjm daaormblk to tcjbr `lownjmkj of mbffjrjlt blmustrbjs or jxpjrbjlaj bl promuat adtjkorbjs (j.k. dutohotbvj, pcdrhdajutbadn, cohj dppnbdlajs, jltjrtdblhjlt, or pda`dkjm kooms). ]cj sjaolm wdy to orkdlbzj hjmbd pndllblk dlm iuyblk datbvbtbjs bs iy tcj typj of dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, suac ds tjnjvbsbol, hdkdzblj, rdmbo, or ljwspdpjr. ljwspdpjr. Hjmbd Qupjrvbsors dt ndrkj dkjlabjs drj rjspolsbinj for rjvbjwblk tcj hjmbd iuyblk datbvbtbjs of jvjryolj, blanumblk irodmadst, prblt, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd. ]cj tcbrm wdy tcdt ndrkj dkjlabjs dlm hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbajs usj tcj fulatbol of d hjmbd spjabdnbst bs idsjm ol kjokrdpcy. ]cbs lot olny spjjms up tcj proajss of prjpdrblk d ldtboldn Hjmbd Wndl, iut bt dnso provbmjs Hjmbd Wndlljrs dlm Hjmbd Iuyjrs wbtc tcj opportulbty to stumy tcj sdnjs tjrrbtorbjs for tcjbr anbjlts. Aolajltrdtblk ol d kjokrdpcba drjd dnso kbvjs tcjh tcj dmvdltdkj of ijaohblk horj fdhbnbdr wbtc noadn hjmbd dlm tcj dibnbty of spjabffla prokrdhs or puinbadtbols to dttrdat tcj host fdvordinj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Iy hdbltdblblk aoltdat wbtc tcj ffljnm sdnjs foraj for tcj dmvjrtbsjr, rjkboldn Hjmbd Wndlljrs dlm Hjmbd Iuyjrs adl ij blforhjm diout aohpjtbtbvj datbvbty bl tcj hdr`jtpndaj. Bf dl dmvjrtbsjr bs puracdsblk hjmbd bl dlotcjr aoultry, tcjrj drj jxpjrts dt ndrkj dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs dlm iuyblk sjrvbajs tcdt `low dlm ulmjrstdlm forjbkl hdr`jts. ]cj ndrkjst knoidn dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs owl sjvjrdn aohpdlbjs wbtc bltjrldtboldn hjmbd iuyblk adpdibnbtbjs.

Idsba Hjmbd ]jrhblonoky Wrjpdrj to njdrl d ljw ndlkudkj. Dlm d sjrbjs of diirjvbdtbols tcdt wbnn ij usjm for adnaundtbols dlm sbhpnj forhunds. Ijforj ffllbscblk tcbs acdptjr, you wbnn ij

49;

 

ACDW]JY

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HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

Fbkurj ;.9 Hjmbd tjrhblonoky

usblk worms, pcrdsjs, dlm aolajpts tcdt drj ulbquj to tcj wornm of trdmbtboldn, ds wjnn ds mbkbtdn, hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk. [cbnj hdly of tcjsj tjrhs soulm fdhbnbdr, fdhbnbdr, tcj mjffllbtbols drj vjry mbffjrjlt froh wcdt you hbkct jxpjat. ]cbs bs wcdt hd`js hjmbd pndllblk so mbffflaunt. Iut, mol‒t worry too huac diout tcj njxbaol. ]cj rjdn acdnnjlkj bs to ulmjrstdlm tcj tjrhblonoky. Fbkurj ;.9 scows ;.9 scows tcj jbkct idsba hjmbd aolajpts tcdt you wbnn ljjm to `low for iotc mbkbtdn dlm trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk5 rjdac, frjqujlay, mupnbadtbol, bhprjssbols, aost pjr tcousdlm, rdtblk poblts, kross rdtblk poblts, dlm tdrkjt rdtblk poblts. Olaj you njdrl, dlm ulmjrstdlm, wcdt tcjy hjdl, you wbnn ij dinj to ijkbl pndllblk hjmbd, blanumblk mjvjnopblk strdtjkbjs, jvdnudtblk blmbvbmudn hjmbd acobajs, dlm puracdsblk hjmbd for irdlm hjssdkjs.

Yjdac (Y)  (Y)  Dmvjrtbsjrs wdlt to kjt tcjbr irdlm hjssdkjs to ds hdly potjltbdn iuyjrs ds possbinj0 cowjvjr, tcbs mojs lot blanumj jvjryolj. ]cj foaus bs dnwdys ol tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Qpjlmblk dmvjrtbsblk monndrs to prohotj d irdlm to dlyolj jnsj bs d aohpnjtj wdstj of fflldlabdn rjsourajs. [cy? Hjmbd prbajs drj idsjm ol tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj, so wcy pdy to rjdac pjopnj you mol‒t wdlt? ]cus, dl jffflabjlt hjmbd puracdsj bs dnwdys d aohibldtbol of mjnbvjrblk dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs OLNR to tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj dt tcj nowjst prbaj. Yjdac bs tcj totdn luhijr of mbffjrjlt  pjopnj  pjopnj wco wjrj kbvjl tcj opportulbty to ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj bl d hjmbuh. ]cbs mjffllbtbol aoltdbls sjvjrdn worms tcdt ljjm andrbffladtbol. ]cj luhijr of „mbffjrjlt‘ pjopnj bs tcj aorj aolajpt. Bl tcj myldhbas of hjmbd, tcjrj drj olny two possbinj outaohjs5 dl blmbvbmudn cds ijjl jxposjm (or lot jxposjm) to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj, eust nb`j tcj ibldry systjh wcbac aolsbsts of olny two luhijrs „7s‘ dlm „4s.‘ D horj aohhol dldnoky bs d nbkct swbtac bl your cohj, wcbac bs jbtcjr turljm „ol‘ or „off.‘ ]cus, d hjhijr of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj wbnn ij rjdacjm, or lot rjdacjm, iy d irdlm dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj mjnbvjrjm tcroukc d hjmbuh.

493

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

;

]cjrj drj tcrjj mbstblat acdrdatjrbstbas acdrdatjrbstbas of tcj aolajpt of rjdac tcdt drj blvonvjm bl tcj proajss of hjmbd pndllblk dlm strdtjkba dmvjrtbsblk. dmvjrtbsblk . Fbrst, rjdac bs jxprjssjm ds d pjrajltdkj. Cowjvjr, tcj Hjmbd Wndlljr hust `low tcj sbzj of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj to ij dinj to adnaundtj tcj „rjdac.‘ ]cbs hjdls tcdt tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnj cds to ij qudltbffljm dlm jxprjssjm ds d mbsarjtj luhijr. ]cj rjsunt bs tcj idsj luhijr for adnaundtblk rjdac. Cjrj bs d sbhpnj jxdhpnj. Bf tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt bs wohjl ijtwjjl tcj dkjs of 9: dlm 1= nbvblk bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs, tcjl tcj rjsuntblk „idsj luhijr‘ bs 13.2 hbnnbol. Cow mbm wj kjt tcbs? Eust iy usblk sohj sbhpnj rjsjdrac dlm dl jdsy adnaundtbol. Cjrj bt bs5 tcj popundtbol of tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs, wcbac wds 17= hbnnbol bl 9773, wds huntbpnbjm iy tcj pjrajltdkj of wohjl wco wjrj bl tcdt spjabffla dkj adtjkory of 9: to 1=, or 49.3%. (]cbs stdtbstbadn mdtd wds oitdbljm olnblj froh tcj Ajlsus Mjpdrthjlt Mj pdrthjlt of tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs). Cjrj bs dlotcjr wdy to noo` dt rjdac. Bf tcj „rjdac‘ of d hjmbuh usjm bl dl dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl wds 94.;%, tcjl 3,==4,177 wohjl dkjm 9: to 1= wjrj jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj (13.2 hbnnbol Û 94.;%). Qjaolm, rjdac mojs lot blanumj tcj totdn luhijr of aohhjrabdns. ]cbs bs brrjnjvdlt ijadusj tcj luhijr of tbhjs tcdt d pjrsol vbjws, rjdms, or nbstjls to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt bs LO] blanumjm bl tcj adnaundtbol of rjdac. Ds sool ds d pjrsol bs jxposjm to dt njdst olj dmvjrtbsjhjlt for d pdrtbaundr irdlm, tcjy drj dutohdtbadnny aoultjm ds rjdacjm, dlm tcjl dmmjm to tcbs hjmbd pndllblk luhijr. Yjhjhijr, jdac hjhijr of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj adl olny ij aoultjm olaj wcjl adnaundtblk tcj „rjdac‘ for d irdlm adhpdbkl, lo hdttjr cow hdly tbhjs tcjy cdvj ijjl jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjh dmvjrtbsjhjlt. jlt. ]cbrm, rjdac bs d auhundtbvj proajss. ]cj pjrajltdkj of „rjdac‘ wbnn blarjdsj ovjr tbhj, iut tcj stdlmdrm njlktc of hjdsurjhjlt bs four wjj`s. ]cbs hjdls tcdt tcj „rjdac‘ luhijr blmbadtjs tcj pjrajltdkj of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj tcdt cds ijjl jxposjm to d spjabffla irdlm‒s dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj murblk d four-wjj` pjrbom. Cowjvjr, tcj hdxbhuh rjdac tcdt adl ij dttdbljm bs 477%. Fourtc, rjdac mojs lot jqudn dwdrjljss. Bt olny blmbadtjs tcdt pjopnj cdvj cdm tcj opportulbty to ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Eust ijadusj tcjy cdm tcj opportulbty to wdtac d ]V aohhjrabdn, rjdm d hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlt, or nbstjl to d rdmbo prohotboldn hjssdkj hjdls lotcblk. Bf tcj arjdtbvj mbml‒t kjt tcjbr dttjltbol, tcjrj bs lo bhpdat. Dlm bf tcj pjopnj wjrj huntb-tds`blk or moblk sohjtcblk mbstrdatblk, bt bs dlotcjr wdstjm opportulbty for tcj dmvjrtbsjr. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of rjsjdrac tjaclbqujs dlm hjtcoms tcdt adl ij usjm to tjst tcj arjdtbvj jffjatbvjljss of irdlm hjssdkjs, iut for low, tcj bhportdlt tcblk to rjhjhijr bs tcdt rjdacblk d potjltbdn iuyjr dlm blarjdsblk tcjbr njvjn of dwdrjljss drj two sjpdrdtj, dlm oftjl ulrjndtjm, psyaconokbadn jvjlts. ]cj aolajpt of auhundtbvj rjdac adl ij quba`ny mjholstrdtjm. Bt blvonvjs adnaundtblk tcj rjdac dholk d cypotcjtbadn dumbjlaj of tjl blmbvbmudns. D wjj`ny prokrdh wbnn ij usjm ds tcj hjmbd sjnjatjm for vbjwblk d tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdn

492

 

ACDW]JY

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HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

for d pdrtbaundr irdlm tcdt bs d spolsor of tcj prokrdh. Dt tcj jlm of tcj fflrst wjj`, olny Yol, Irjlt, dlm Drlonm wdtacjm tcj prokrdh, wcbac w cbac hjdls tcjy wjrj tcj olny pjopnj bl tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj. ]cus, tcj rjdac adl ij adnaundtjm ds 17% (1 pjopnj rjdacjm û 47 pjopnj bl tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj). Murblk tcj sjaolm wjj`, tcrjj pjopnj vbjwjm tcj prokrdh dlm aohhjrabdn, iut olny two of tcjh cdm prjvbousn prjvbousny y ijjl jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Qo, wcdt bs tcj rjdac dt tcj jlm of tcj sjaolm wjj`? ]cj aorrjat dlswjr bs =7% (= pjopnj rjdacjm û 47 potjltbdn vbjwjrs). [cy? Eunbd wds tcj olny pjrsol wco wds jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt for tcj fflrst tbhj. Yol dlm Drlonm cdvj dnrjdmy ijjl rjdacjm, so tcjy adllot ij aoultjm dkdbl. [cdt diout tcj jlm of tcj tcbrm wjj`? ]cj rjdac cds lot blarjdsjm, jvjl tcoukc four pjopnj wdtacjm tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cj rjdac rjhdbls dt =7% ijadusj jvjryolj wco wdtacjm tcdt wjj` cds dnrjdmy sjjl tcj aohhjrabdn dt njdst olaj. Cowjvjr, dt tcj jlm of tcj fourtc wjj`, tcj rjdac cds euhpjm to ;7% ijadusj tcrjj ljw pjopnj (Dnjx, Eda`, dlm Dmrbdld) cdvj ijjl dmmjm to tcj adnaundtbol of rjdac. ]cj sdhj aolajpt adl ij dppnbjm to dumbjlajs of olj or 47 hbnnbol pjopnj. Ds d rjsunt, tcj rjdac of dly hjmbd adl ij jstbhdtjm for hjmbd pndllblk purposjs dlm tcj mjvjnophjlt of jffjatbvj jff jatbvj aohhulbadtbol strdtjkbjs.

 Frjqujlay  Frjq ujlay (F) Frjqujlay bs tcj dvjrdkj luhijr of tbhjs tcdt d tdrkjt dumbjlaj cds ijjl jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj. Dntcoukc you adl olny ij „rjdacjm‘ olaj, tcjrj bs lo nbhbt to tcj luhijr of tbhjs tcdt you sjj, cjdr, or rjdm dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. For jxdhpnj, tcrjj pjopnj hbkct cdvj sjjl sjj l d pdrtbaundr tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdn murblk murblk tcj wjj`, iut tcj fflrst blmbvbmudn sdw bt olny twbaj wcbnj tcj sjaolm pjrsol wds jxposjm four tbhjs dlm tcj tcbrm pjrsol vbjwjm tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt d totdn of sbx tbhjs. Jdac blmbvbmudn cdm tjaclbadnny ijjl rjdacjm, iut olj of tcj vbjwjrs v bjwjrs cdm sjjl tcj aohhjrabdn horj oftjl, dlm ds d rjsunt, wounm ij horj nb`jny to rjadnn bt or ij bl﬉ujlajm iy tcj hjssdkj. Qblaj frjqujlay rjprjsjlts tcj „dvjrdkj‘ „dvj rdkj‘ luhijr of tbhjs, tcj frjqujlay bl tcbs adsj bs four. ]cbs bs oitdbljm iy dmmblk tcj jxdat luhijr of tbhjs jdac pjrsol vbjwjm tcj aohhjrabdn, wcbac wds two, four, dlm sbx, tcjl mbvbmblk tcj rjsunt iy tcrjj to kjt d hdtcjhdtbadn dvjrdkj [cdt bs tcj rbkct njvjn of frjqujlay wbnn mjpjlm ol cow hdly tbhjs you cdvj to sjj, cjdr, or rjdm dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt ijforj you rjhjhijr bts aoltjlts. Bf tcj arjdtbvj dpprodac bs koom, tcj frjqujlay luhijr scounm ij vjry now, iut bf tcj dmvjrtbsblk bs hjmboarj, or poor, tcjl d krjdtjr luhijr of jxposurjs wbnn ij ljajssdry to kjt tcj dttjltbol of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj dvjrdkj luhijr of tbhjs tcdt dl blmbvbmudn hust ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj to dacbjvj d hblbhuh njvjn of dwdrjljss bs `lowl ds jffjatbvj frjqujlay.

417

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

;

Bl 42;2, tcj Ldpnjs Qtumy aolanumjm tcdt jffjatbvj frjqujlay aounm ij dttdbljm wbtc d surprbsblkny now dvjrdkj frjqujlay of tcrjj. Bs tcbs jloukc? ]cj bssuj of jffjatbvj frjqujlay cds ijjl mjidtjm mji dtjm sblaj tcj Ldpnjs Qtumy, iut tcj host bl﬉ujltbdn vdrbdinj bl tcj jqudtbol, tcj „dibnbty of d sblknj hjssdkj to pjljtrdtj tcj hblm of tcj t cj aolsuhjr,‘ aolsuhjr,‘ bs mbffjrjlt for jvjry jvj ry irdlm dlm dmvjrtbsjhjlt adhpdbkl. ]cus, bt bs possbinj for sohj dmvjrtbsjhjlts to dacbjvj dl jffjatbvj frjqujlay wbtc eust olj jxposurj (ijadusj of d supjrbor arjdtbvj dpprodac) wcbnj otcjr dmvjrtbsjhjlts hbkct rjqubrj fflvj, or jvjl tjl, jxposurjs to dacbjvj tcj sdhj rjsunt. Cowjvjr, tcjrj bs dl blvjrsj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl rjdac dlm frjqujlay. ]cbs hjdls tcdt ds tcj frjqujlay of tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs blarjdsjs, tcj rjdac wbnn dutohdtbadnny mjarjdsj bl tcj sdhj proportbol. ]cus, bt bs bhpossbinj to sbhuntdljousny blarjdsj iotc rjdac dlm frjqujlay frjq ujlay.. Bf tcj irdlm bs ljw to tcj hdr`jtpndaj, hdr`jt pndaj, bt bs horj dpproprbdtj to fdvor d „rjdac strdtjky‘ to mjnbvjr tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj to ds hdly pjopnj ds possbinj. Bf tcj irdlm cds d not of aohpjtbtbol, or bs bl tcj hdturbty pcdsj of d promuat nbfj ayanj, tcjl sjnjatblk d „frjqujlay strdtjky‘ bs d huac ijttjr dntjrldtbvj.

Bhprjssbols (B) Ndtj olj jvjlblk, wcjl you drj wdtacblk d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, d fully aohhjrabdn aohjs ol to prohotj d promuat. Dt tcdt vjry hohjlt, you cdvj ijjl kbvjl tcj opportulbty to ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjr‒s dmvjrtbsjr‒s hjssdkj. Bt mojs lot hdttjr bf you wdtacjm tcj aohhjrabdn, or njft tcj rooh, ijkdl tdn`blk to d frbjlm, or aoltblujm to sjdrac for tcblks ol tcj Bltjrljt5 tcj opportulbty to ij jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt eust cdppjljm. [cdt you eust jxpjrbjlajm wds dl dmvjrtbsblk bhprjssbol, tcj rjdn-tbhj opportulbty for d sblknj blmbvbmudn to ij jxposjm to d pjrsudsbvj hjssdkj or dmvjrtbsjhjlt. dmvjrtbsj hjlt. Qo, wcdt bf 4 hbnnbol pjopnj dnso sdw tcj sdhj prokrdh dlm cdm tcj opportulbty to vbjw tcdt sdhj aohhjrabdn? ]cj aorrjat dlswjr5 4,777,777 bhprjssbols. For hjmbd pndllblk purposjs, bhprjssbols adl ij dmmjm tokjtcjr. Bf you sdw tcj sdhj aohhjrabdn fflvj tbhjs wcbnj you cdm tcj tjnjvbsbol turljm ol, tcjl fflvj dmvjrtbsblk bhprjssbols oaaurrjm. Bf tcosj sdhj 4 hbnnbol pjopnj dnso sdw tcj tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsjhjlt fflvj tbhjs, tcjl :,777,777 bhprjssbols cdppjljm. Qblaj bhprjssbols drj tcj sdhj bl dly hjmbuh, tcjy adl ij dmmjm tokjtcjr to forh d aolajpt adnnjm kross bhprjssbols. ]cj forhund for adnaundtblk bhprjssbols bs sbhpnj. Huntbpny tcj t cj luhijr of dms dppjdrblk bl jdac hjmbd „vjcbanj‘ (b.j. blmbvbmudn hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs, rdmbo scows, or outmoor postjrs) iy tcj dumbjlaj sbzj. ]cbs forhund bs scowl bl Fbkurj ;.1. ;.1. For tcosj hdtcjhdtbadnny blanbljm, bt bs5 (D4 Û I4) Û

Û

+ (D9    I9) + (D1    I1)…… 8 A, wcjrj D bs tcj luhijr of dms dlm I bs tcj sbzj

414

 

ACDW]JY

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HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

Fbkurj ;.1 Adnaundtblk bhprjssbols

of tcj dumbjlaj. Koom ljws! ]cjrj bs dl „bhprjssbol adnaundtor‘ noadtjm bl tcj wjisbtj for tcbs aoursj. Eust jltjr tcj luhijrs, tcjl anba`. Wrjsto. Nb`j hdkba, tcj totdn bhprjssbols wbnn ij mbspndyjm. ]ry bt out low dt5 www.routnjmkj.aoh/ eus`d Cjrj bs dl jxdhpnj of cow to adnaundtj tcj totdn luhijr of kross bhprjssbols. Bf 1,:77,777 pjopnj rjajbvj d aopy of Qports Bnnustrdtjm  hdkdzblj   hdkdzblj dlm tcj Qacba` rdzor dmvjrtbsjhjlt dppjdrs twbaj murblk tcj holtc, tcjl tcj kross bhprjssbols wbnn ij ;,777,777 (1,:77,777 opportulbtbjs for jxposurj huntbpnbjm iy two dmvjrtbsjhjlts). ]cjl, Qacba` ruls d tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdn ol tcj AIQ jvjlblk ljws. ]cj aohhjrabdn dppjdrs d totdn of tcrjj tbhjs murblk tcj sdhj two-wjj` pjrbom. Qblaj tcbs prokrdh dttrdats dl dvjrdkj of :,777,777 vbjwjrs pjr lbkct, tcj kross bhprjssbols for tcj jvjlblk drj horj tcdl 4:,777,777 (:,777,777 pjopnj dlm tcrjj dmvjrtbsjhjlts). Qblaj tcj luhijr of bhprjssbols froh mbffjrjlt hjmbd adl ij dmmjm tokjtcjr, tcj luhijr of kross bhprjssbols bs 99,777,777 for tcj two wjj`s of Qacba` dmvjrtbsblk. Mbm tcbs dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl blanumj 99,777,777 99,7 77,777 pjopnj? Disonutjny Disonutj ny,, lot! ]cj hdxbhuh luhijr cds to ij njss tcdl 3,:77,777 pjopnj (iy dmmblk 1,:77,777 rjdmjrs to :,777,777 vbjwjrs). Cowjvjr, hdly of tcj blmbvbmudns wco suisarbij to Qports Bnnustrdtjm  hdkdzblj  hdkdzblj dnso wdtac tcj AIQ jvjlblk ljws. ]cbs bs mupnbadtbol. Qo, tcj stdtbstbadn acdnnjlkj for tcj Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt of dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay bs to ffllm tcj „truj luhijr‘ of jxanusbvj or ulmupnbadtjm dumbjlaj. ]cdt‒s wcjrj tcj aolajpts of rjdac dlm frjqujlay f rjqujlay drj dppnbjm dkdbl wbtc otcjr hjmbd rjsjdrac. Dmvjrtbsblk bhprjssbols blmbadtj tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk „wjbkct‘ tcdt adl ij dacbjvjm wbtc d iumkjt dlm d spjabffla Hjmbd Wndl. Aolajptudnny, bhprjssbols drj tcj sdhj ds kross rdtblk poblts (KYWs). For jxdhpnj, KYWs adl ij aolvjrtjm blto bhprjssbols iy mbvbmblk tcj luhijr of KYWs iy 477 (tcj hdxbhuh dhoult of rjdac tcdt adl ij dttdbljm, or 477%) to kjt dlotcjr luhijr tcdt scows cow hdly tbhjs, tcjorjtbadnny, tcjorjtbadnny, tcj jltbrj popundtbol cds ijjl rjdacjm. For jxdhpnj, bf tcjrj wjrj 3:7 KYWs, tcjl tcj jltbrj popundtbol wds rjdacjm 3.: tbhjs. Dssuhblk tcj popundtbol usjm bl tcbs adnaundtbol wds 9,777,777 pjopnj, tcjl tcj totdn luhijr of kross bhprjssbols wounm ij 9 hbnnbol huntbpnbjm iy 3.: or

419

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

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4;,777,777. Qpjabffla rjdac dlm frjqujlay luhijrs drj usjm to jstdinbsc oiejatbvjs for d Hjmbd Wndl, suac ds „dacbjvblk dl 3:% rjdac of tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt wbtc dl dvjrdkj frjqujlay of ;.: tbhjs.‘

Aost Wjr ]cousdlm (AWH) ]cj aolajpt of aost pjr tcousdlm (AWH) provbmjs Hjmbd Wndlljrs wbtc d hjtcom to mjtjrhblj tcj rjndtbvj jffflabjlay of blmbvbmudn hjmbd vjcbanjs to mjnbvjr d wjnn mjfflljm tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Iy mbvbmblk tcj aost iy tcj luhijr of pjopnj mjnbvjrjm tcroukc dmvjrtbsblk bl d pdrtbaundr hjmbd vjcbanj, d hdtcjhdtbadn hjdls of aohpdrblk dntjrldtbvj hjmbd acobajs bs dvdbndinj. O@, so wcy bsl‒t bt adnnjm AW] for „aost pjr tcousdlm‘? ]cdt wounm hd`j sjlsj, iut ulnjss you hdeorjm bl Ndtbl bl cbkc sacoon or rjkundrny wdtac [co [dlts to ij d Hbnnboldbrj? ol tjnjvbsbol, tcj fdat tcdt tcj Yohdl luhjrdn for 4,777 bs „H‘ aounm jdsbny jnumj you. Iut low, bt wbnn ij tcj host bhportdlt pdrt of spjd`blk tcj ndlkudkj of hjmbd. ]cj idsba ids ba aohpoljlt of tcj AWH adnaundtbol bs d „pda`dkj‘ of 4,777 pjopnj. ]cjrjforj, tcj fflrst tcblk to mo bs dnwdys mbvbmj tcj luhijr of pjopnj wco drj jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt iy 4,777. ]cj rjsunt bs olj „pda`dkj‘ or tcj „H‘ aohpoljlt of AWH. ]cbs bs tcj idsba ulbt of aohpdrbsol tcdt bs usjm bl dmvjrtbsblk to aohpdrj tcj hjmbd iuyblk jffflabjlay of dly hjmbd. ]cj forhund bs mbspndyjm bl Fbkurj ;.=. ;.=. [cbnj tcj idsba runj bs prbaj mbvbmjm iy pjopnj huntbpnbjm iy 4,777, tcj worm „mjnbvjry‘ adl ij suistbtutjm. Bl tcbs adsj tcj forhund bs low jxprjssjm ds5 AWH 8 aost û mjnbvjry. ]cj hjmbd mjnbvjry, or luhijr of pjopnj wco wbnn rjajbvj dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj, bs rjprjsjltjm iy tcj abraundtbol of d ljwspdpjr or hdkdzblj or, bf bt blvonvjs d irodmadst hjmbd, suac ds tjnjvbsbol or rdmbo, tcj dumbjlaj. Bl otcjr hjmbd, tcj tjrhs t jrhs hbkct ij mbffjrjlt, iut tcj luhijr of tbhjs tcdt aolsuhjrs cdvj tcj opportulbty to ij jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj rjhdbls tcj aorljrstolj of tcbs aolajpt. For jxdhpnj, bf d hdkdzblj acdrkjs $4,:77 for d funn pdkj of dmvjrtbsblk, dlm tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj wco rjajbvj tcj hdkdzblj bs 4:7,777 (or 4:7 ulbts of 4,777), tcjl tcj AWH bs $47.77 ($4,:77 û 4:7 ulbts).

Fbkurj ;.= Adnaundtblk aost pjr tcousdlm

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D quba` dlm jdsy wdy to vjrbfy v jrbfy tcj daaurday of d aost-pjr-tcousdlm adnaundtbol bs to td`j tcj orbkbldn AWH luhijr dlm tcjl huntbpny bt iy tcj t cj luhijr of „pda`dkjs‘ of 4,777 pjopnj. ]cbs wbnn bhhjmbdtjny aolfflrh tcdt tcj dmvjrtbsblk aost bs aorrjat. Bl tcj prjvbous hdkdzblj adnaundtbol, d $47 AWH tbhjs 4:7 pda`dkjs of 4,777 pjopnj bs $4,:77 ($47 Û 4:7 8 $4,:77). ]cus, tcj AWH tcdt wds adnaundtjm bs tcj rbkct dlswjr dlswjr.. Cowjvjr, olj of tcj proinjhs wbtc tcjsj typjs of adnaundtbols bs tcj luhijr of zjros blvonvjm. Ds d kjljrdn runj, tcj AWH for hdss hjmbd vjcbanjs wbnn rdlkj froh $47 to $9: pjr tcousdlm for tjnjvbsbol or rdmbo, wcbnj horj sjnjatbvj hjmbd, suac ds hdkdzbljs, wbnn ko up to $6: to $3: pjr tcousdlm. Ljjm Ljj m sohj cjnp? Zsj tcj AWH adnaundtor5 www.Youtnjmkj.aoh/Eus`d Cjrj bs cow you usj tcj AWH aolajpt bl hjmbd pndllblk. Bf dnn tcj pda`dkjs of pjopnj drj bmjltbadn, tcjl you ijkbl to puracdsj tcjh dt tcj nowjst prbaj pjr pda`dkj. ]cbs bs tcj host jffflabjlt wdy to sdvj holjy ol tcj sdhj aohhombty. For jxdhpnj, bf you wjrj iuyblk adls of Yjm Iunn dt d noadn kroajry storj, dlm you ljjmjm to iuy 4:7 adls for d pdrty iut wjrj rullblk out of holjy holjy,, wcjrj wounm you ko fflrst? Qtorj #4 bs sjnnblk Yjm Iunn for $4.;2, Qtorj #9 bs offjrblk tcj sdhj promuat for $4.22, dlm Qtorj #1 cds bt for $4.:2. Oivbousny, you stdrt iuyblk adls dt Qtorj #1, tcj njdst jxpjlsbvj puracdsj prbaj pjr ulbt, ultbn tcjrj bs lo horj Yjm Iunn njft to iuy. iuy. Wjrcdps, you wjrj dinj to iuy 477 adls, iut low you cdvj to ko to Qtorj # 4, tcj ljxt nowjst prbaj. Bf you aounm olny kjt dlotcjr 1: adls, tcjl you wounm cdvj to jlm up dt Qtorj #9, wcbac cds tcj cbkcjst prbaj pjr adl. Cjrj bs cow you usj tcj aost pjr tcousdlm bl hjmbd pndllblk. Dssuhj tcdt d Hjmbd Wndlljr bs aohpdrblk tcj hjmbd iuyblk jffflabjlay of fflvj mbffjrjlt hdkdzbljs. Iy mbvbmblk tcj aost of iuyblk d sblknj pdkj bl jdac of tcj fflvj hdkdzbljs iy tcj abraundtbol of tcj hdkdzblj, tcj AWH adl ij adnaundtjm. AWH adnaundtbols drj usjm to aohpdrj hjmbd vjcbanjs bl jvjry hjmbd. Zsudnny, hjmbd vjcbanjs bl tcj sdhj adtjkory drj aohpdrjm to mjtjrhblj tcj ijst dntjrldtbvj, iut AWH adnaundtbol adl dnso ij usjm ds pdrt of tcj jvdnudtbol of mbffjrjlt hjmbd. For jxdhpnj, tcj ovjrdnn aost jffjatbvjljss of hdkdzblj A aounm ij aohpdrjm to tjnjvbsbol prokrdh D or rdmbo prokrdh I. Bs tcj nowjst prbaj tcj ijst mjdn? Bl hjmbd, disonutjny lot! ]cjrj drj sjvjrdn otcjr fdators to aolsbmjr ijforj hd`blk d fflldn mjabsbol. ]cj fflrst bs tcj abraundtbol of tcj puinbadtbol. Bf tcj AWH bs now, iut tcj abraundtbol bs shdnn, tcjl dlotcjr hdkdzblj scounm ij aolsbmjrjm. Cjrj bs dl jxdhpnj. Hdkdzblj D cds d abraundtbol of 4,377,777 wbtc $1;.:4 AWH, hdkdzblj I cds d abraundtbol of 4,3;:,777 wbtc $12.=: AWH, hdkdzblj A cds d abraundtbol of 9,99:,777 wbtc $19.:7 AWH, hdkdzblj M cds d abraundtbol of 4,946,777 wbtc $14.3: AWH, dlm hdkdzblj J cds d abraundtbol of 1,977,777 wbtc $=4.7; AWH. ]cj AWHs for fflvj mbffjrjlt hdkdzbljs drj rdl`jm dnolk wbtc tcj dpproprbdtj abraundtbol. [cjl aohpdrblk hdkdzblj A dlm hdkdzblj M, tcj nowjr AWH ijnolks to M, iut hdkdzblj A cds d

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abraundtbol tcdt bs horj tcdl mouinj tcdt of hdkdzblj M. Bl tcbs blstdlaj, bt bs ijttjr to puracdsj d snbkctny cbkcjr AWH to dnso kjt d ndrkjr abraundtbol. [cjl aohpdrblk hdkdzbljs D dlm I, I , tcj nowjr AWH AW H of tcj two bs hdkdzblj D‒s. D‒s. Cowjvjr, tcj abraundtbols drj vjry anosj dlm hdkdzblj D bs horj aost jffflabjlt bl mjnbvjrblk 4,377,777 rjdmjrs. Hdkdzblj J cds tcj ndrkjst totdn abraundtbol, iut dnso tcj cbkcjst AWH. Bt bs lot ds aost jffjatbvj dlm tcj sdhj abraundtbol adl ij oitdbljm iy puracdsblk hdkdzbljs A dlm M tokjtcjr. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj hdkdzbljs drj dnso tcj two wbtc tcj nowjst AWHs. ]cj aost of tcj pdkj of tcj puinbadtbol bl tcbs adsj bs lot kbvjl, iut bt adl ij aohputjm iy huntbpnyblk tcj AWH iy tcj „ulbts‘ of 4,777 pjopnj. Low,, njt‒s rjndtj tcbs jxdhpnj to dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. Bl tcbs adsj, wj drj iuyblk Low ulbts of „4,777 pjopnj.‘ [cbac hdkdzblj, ljwspdpjr, rdmbo or tjnjvbsbol wbnn kbvj us tcj nowjst prbaj to rjdac d ulbt of 4,777 pjopnj? For jxdhpnj, bf d Hjmbd Dldnyst wjrj jvdnudtblk fflvj mbffjrjlt hdkdzbljs, tcj puinbadtbol wbtc tcj nowjst AWH wounm ij bmjltbffljm ds tcj host aost-jffflabjlt hdkdzblj. ]cbs hjdls tcdt tcj hdkdzblj mjnbvjrs „pda`dkjs‘ of 4,777 pjopnj dt d fflxjm aost pjr pda`dkj.

Mupnbadtbol   Mupnbadtbol Oftjl, tcj sdhj pjopnj rjdm mbffjrjlt hdkdzbljs, ds wjnn ds tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs. Iut, bl tcj wornm of hjmbd adnaundtbols, bhprjssbols drj tcj luhijr of pjopnj jxposjm to jdac dmvjrtbsblk opportulbty, daaormblk to abraundtbol or dumbjlaj sbzj. Iut bhprjssbols adllot ij jqudtjm to tcj luhijr of pjopnj. ]cdt bs ijadusj bhprjssbols aoltbluj to aoult dlm blanumj tcj sdhj pjopnj. For jxdhpnj, bf hdkdzblj D cds 477,777 rjdmjrs dlm hdkdzblj I cds 9:7,777, tcjl tcj totdn luhijr of bhprjssbols for olj dmvjrtbsjhjlt bl jdac hdkdzblj, aohibljm, bs 1:7,777 pjopnj. Iut bf tcjrj wjrj two dmvjrtbsjhjlts bl jdac bssuj of tcj hdkdzblj, tcjl tcj bhprjssbols ko up vjry quba`ny to ;77,777. ]cjsj drj lot ;77,777 pjopnj, iut 1:7,777 pjopnj. Dlm kjttblk mjjpjr blto hjmbd pndllblk, tcj datudn luhijr of pjopnj wco rjdm iotc hdkdzbljs cds dl ovjrndp, or mupnbadtbol fdator. fdator. ]cbs cds to ij suitrdatjm froh tcj aohibljm abraundtbols. Bl tcbs blstdlaj, ;77,777 hblus dl „dssuhjm‘ mupnbadtbol fdator of :7,777 wounm njdvj d ljt dumbjlaj of 6:7,777 pjopnj. Bf B f you rjhjhijr tcj aolajpt of rjdac, dl blmbvbmudn adl ij aoultjm olny olaj, so tcj luhijr of tbhjs d potjltbdn iuyjr bs jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt mojs lot blarjdsj rjdac, olny tcj dvjrdkj frjqujlay. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj bhprjssbols stbnn rjhdbl tcj sdhj dt ;77,777.

Ydtblks   [cdt bs your fdvorbtj tjnjvbsbol prokrdh? Cow hdly otcjr pjopnj drj wdtacblk tcbs scow? Ds wj njdrljm ijforj, tcj totdn luhijr of vbjwjrs mbrjatny bl﬉ujlajs

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tcj aost of dmvjrtbsblk bl d proportboldtj rjndtbolscbp. Hjmbd Wndlljrs usj tcj aolajpt of d rdtblk poblt to jstbhdtj tcj sbzj sbz j of d tjnjvbsbol dumbjlaj for blmbvbmudn prokrdhs. Bt bs d usjfun toon for quba` dlm jdsy aohpdrbsols dholk mbffjrjlt scows, tbhj pjrboms, dlm ljtwor`s. D rdtblk poblt bs tcj luhijr of pjopnj datudnny wdtacblk d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, aohpdrjm to tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj dvdbndinj for vbjwblk. Qblaj tcbs aolajpt bs jxprjssjm ds d pjrajltdkj, tcjl olj rdtblk poblt bs jqudn to olj pjrajlt of tcj idsj luhijr. ]cus, 49 ldtboldn rdtblk poblts hjdls tcdt 49% of tcj jltbrj popundtbol of tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs wds jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjmbuh. Cowjvjr, tcjrj drj two otcjr typjs of rdtblk poblts tcdt drj jvjl horj bhportdlt to hjmbd pndllblk5 cousjconm rdtblk poblts dlm tdrkjt rdtblk poblts (]YWs). D cousjconm rdtblk poblt bs tcj jstbhdtjm luhijr of cousjconms jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, jxprjssjm ds d pjrajltdkj of tcj totdn luhijr of cousjconms tcdt jxbst wbtcbl d spjabffla kjokrdpcba drjd. Zsblk tcj sdhj aolajpt, d ]YW bs tcj jstbhdtjm luhijr of pjopnj bl d pdrtbaundr mjhokrdpcba kroup jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjmbuh, jxprjssjm ds d pjrajltdkj of tcj totdn pjopnj tcdt adl ij andssbffljm ds hjhijrs of tcdt mjhokrdpcba kroup. For jxdhpnj, dl jstbhdtj of 4: ]YWs for hjl wco drj ijtwjjl tcj dkjs of 1: dlm =2, blmbadtjs tcdt 4:% of tcj pjopnj bl tcbs adtjkory wjrj jxposjm to tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjmbuh. Ydtblk poblts drj dnso usjm to aohpdrj tcj pjrforhdlaj potjltbdn of tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs. ]cj cbkcjr tcj luhijr of blmbvbmudn rdtblk poblts, tcj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of pjopnj wdtacblk tcj scow0 or tcj ndrkjr tcj dhoult of cousjconm rdtblk poblts, tcj horj cousjconms jxposjm to tcj hjmbuh0 or tcj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of ]YWs, tcj strolkjr tcj dibnbty of tcj hjmbuh to rjdac tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt. Cowjvjr, bl hjmbd pndllblk, tcj rdtblk olny blmbadtjs tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj blvonvjm. Bf tcj jffflabjlay of d spjabffla hjmbd bs ijblk dldnyzjm, tcjl tcj aost-pjrtcousdlm adnaundtbols adl ij usjm, or tcj aost pjr poblt (AWW) hjtcom, wcbac bs tcj luhijr of rdtblk poblts mbvbmjm iy tcj aost of tcj tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdn. For jxdhpnj, d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh wbtc 97 blmbvbmudn rdtblk poblts (rjdacblk 97% of tcj popundtbol) dlm aostblk $477,777 for olj aohhjrabdn wounm ybjnm d AWW of $:,777 ($477,777 û 97 poblts).

Kross Ydtblk Woblts (KYWs) ]cjrj bs dlotcjr bhportdlt acdrdatjrbstba of rdtblk poblts. ]cjy drj dmmbtbvj froh hjmbuh to hjmbuh, dlm froh jxposurj to jxposurj. Ds d rjsunt, tcj rdtblk for olj hjmbd prokrdh adl ij aohibljm wbtc tcj rdtblks for otcjr hjmbd prokrdhs. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj cousjconm rdtblk for tjnjvbsbol prokrdh „D‘ bs 3, prokrdh „I‘ bs 2, dlm prokrdh „A‘ bs 4=, tcj rjsuntblk luhijr of cousjconm rdtblk poblts bs (3 + 2 + 4= 8 14). Cowjvjr, bt bs bhportdlt to ulmjrstdlm tcdt wcbnj rdtblk poblts drj prbhdrbny usjm bl hjmbd pndllblk for tjnjvbsbol, tcj aolajpt adl

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Fbkurj ;.: Adnaundtblk kross rdtblk poblts

ij jqudnny dppnbjm to otcjr hjmbd, suac ds rdmbo, ljwspdpjrs, hdkdzbljs, or outmoor dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj proajss of dmmblk tokjtcjr tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj, cousjconms, or hjhijrs of d tdrkjt kroup tcdt cdvj ijjl jxposjm to d hjmbd, jxprjssjm bl tcj forh of d rdtblk, provbmjs dl blmbadtbol of tcj totdn dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk tcdt bs ijblk mjnbvjrjm blto tcj hdr`jtpndaj. ]cj dmmbtbol of rdtblk poblts froh mbffjrjlt tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs ybjnms d luhijr rjfjrrjm to ds tcj KYWs. Bt blmbadtjs tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj wco cdvj ijjl „potjltbdnny‘ jxposjm to tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj forhund for adnaundtblk KYWs bs tcj host bhportdlt olj for pndllblk tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk. ]cbs forhund bs scowl bl Fbkurj ;.:  ;.:  dlm jxprjssjm hdtcjhdtbadnny ds KYWs 8 Y Û F. Ij adrjfun wbtc tcbs forhund. Yjdac bs huntbpnbjm iy frjqujlay  dlm  dlm tcj rjsunt bs KYWs. Bt bs dnwdys ljajssdry to mrop tcj pjrajltdkj syhion, dlm tcjl huntbpnj tcj rjdac luhijr. luhijr. ]cj rjsunt bs d sbhpnj two- or tcrjjmbkbt luhijr tcdt rjprjsjlts d hjmbd aolajpt. Zsblk tcj otcjr vdrbdtbol of tcbs hjmbd forhund, mjtjrhblblk tcj rjdac of dl dmvjrtbsblk prokrdh tcdt usjs =77 KYWs pjr holtc wbtc dl jstbhdtjm dvjrdkj frjqujlay of : wounm blmbadtj tcdt 37% of tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt cds ijjl rjdacjm wbtc w btc tcj dmvjrtbsblk (Y 8 KYWs û F 8 =77 û : 8 37%). Dly tbhj tcdt d Hjmbd Wndlljr `lows tcj luhijr of KYWs blvonvjm dlm olj of tcj jnjhjlts bl tcj forhund, tcjl tc jl tcj otcjr adl ij foulm jdsbny iy sonvblk tcj jqudtbol for tcj hbssblk vdrbdinj. For jxdhpnj, bf dl dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl wds ijblk pndlljm for =77 KYWs pjr holtc wbtc d hjmbd oiejatbvj tcdt rjqubrjm dl 37% rjdac fdator, tcj rjqubrjm frjqujlay wounm ij :. (F 8 KYWs û Y 8 =77 û 37 8 :). ]cj adnaundtbols drj cjnpfun for tcj Hjmbd Wndlljr wcjl mjabmblk wcbac tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs to puracdsj, idsjm ol tcj rdtblks dlm tcj ljjm to dacbjvj spjabffla hjmbd oiejatbvjs. [cdt adl you iuy bl d mbsaoult storj wbtc $477? ]cjrj drj nots of optbols dlm acobajs. Cow dlm wcdt you iuy bs mjtjrhbljm iy your ljjms. Dlm wcdt you jlm up wbtc bs d rjsunt of cow wjnn you scoppjm. ]cj sdhj bs truj for hjmbd pndllblk dlm iuyblk. Bf dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay eust dnnoadtjm holjy to jdac hjmbd adtjkory dlm vjcbanj, bt wounm lot blmbadtj tcj vdnuj or tcj bhportdlaj of tcj mjabsbol.

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HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

Dkjlabjs dlm hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbajs usj pndllblk toons, nb`j KYWs, to dnnoadtj dmvjrtbsblk wjbkct rdtcjr tcdl monndrs. KYWs drj usjm to jstbhdtj tcj dhoult dlm bltjlsbty of dl dmvjrtbsblk prokrdh. ]cj cbkcjr tcj luhijr of KYWs, tcj krjdtjr tcj aohibljm bhpdat of rjdac dlm frjqujlay.. For jxdhpnj, bf 677 KYWs drj spjlt murblk d four-wjj` pjrbom, tcjl tcj frjqujlay dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl cds, daaormblk to hjmbd tcjory, kjljrdtjm d frjqujlay of 6 bf tcj hdxbhuh rjdac of 477% bs usjm to aohpnjtj tcj adnaundtbol (677 KYWs û 477% rjdac 8 6 frjqujlay). Dntcoukc tcj hdxbhuh rjdac bs d tcjorjtbadn tcjorjt badn luhijr, luhijr, bt adl stbnn ij usjm to jstdinbsc tcj nbhbts of dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt‒s jxposurj potjltbdn. Bl tcbs jxdhpnj, d totdn of 677 KYWs adl dnso ij dacbjvjm wbtc d frjqujlay of 4: dlm d rjdac of =7% (4: Û =7 8 677). [cbnj tcj luhijr of KYWs cds rjhdbljm tcj sdhj, tcj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl rjdac dlm frjqujlay cds acdlkjm. Dlotcjr optbol for d Hjmbd Wndl wbtc 677 KYWs wbnn rjsunt bl d rjdac of 37% wbtc dl dvjrdkj frjqujlay of ;.: (677 8 37 x ;.:) ]cus, tcj fflrst pndl foausjs ol d tdrkjt dumbjlaj tcdt bs shdnnjr bl sbzj wbtc hdly of tcj „sdhj‘ pjopnj rjajbvblk tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj dkdbl dlm dkdbl wbtc aoltbluous rjpjtbtbol. ]cj sjaolm pndl wounm jhpcdsbzj rjdac, rdtcjr tcdl frjqujlay, iy mjnbvjrblk dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs hjssdk js to ds hdly „mbffjrjlt‘ pjopnj ds possbinj wbtcbl tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj.

]drkjt Ydtblk Woblts (]YWs) Bl tcj prjvbous sjatbol, dl blmbvbmudn rdtblk poblt wds mjfflljm ds tcj „luhijr of pjopnj, or cousjconms, jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj, jxprjssjm ds d pjrajltdkj of tcj totdn luhijr wbtcbl tcdt pdrtbaundr kjokrdpcba drjd.‘ ]ypbadnny, tcbs bs d Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjd. Qo, wcdt hd`js d ]YW mbffjrjlt? Bt bs horj foausjm dlm mbrjat. D rjkundr rdtblk poblt bs idsjm ol tcj t cj totdn luhijr of pjopnj wco cdvj ijjl wdtacblk d pdrtbaundr tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, wcjrjds d ]YW bs idsjm ol d spjabffla mjhokrdpcba kroup wbtcbl tcosj vbjwjrs. For jxdhpnj, d rdtblk of 49 trdlsndtjs blto 49 pjrajlt of tcj popundtbol, iut d „tdrkjt‘ rdtblk poblt of 49 aounm hjdl, sdy, 49 pjrajlt of hjl ijtwjjl tcj dkjs of 43 dlm 92 wdtacblk tjnjvbsbol bl tcj sdhj drjd. ]cj mbffjrjlaj bs tcj luhijr usjm for adnaundtblk d pjrajltdkj. For rjkundr rdtblk poblts, bt bs tcj totdn popundtbol, wcbnj for ]YWs, bt bs tcj spjabffla mjhokrdpcba kroup. ]YWs wbnn cdvj d cbkcjr AWH, iut tcjy drj mjnbvjrblk d horj aolajltrdtjm dhoult of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cjy dnso provbmj tcj jffjatbvjljss ijljfflt of koblk dftjr olny tcj mjsbrjm dumbjlaj mjhokrdpcbas rdtcjr tcdl jvjryolj. ]cus, tdrkjtjm rdtblk poblts adl cjnp to mjabmj tcj ijst sjnjatbol froh dntjrldtbvjs idsjm ol tcjbr dibnbty to rjdac tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt wbtc tcj hblbhdn dhoult of aost. Qblaj tcj prbaj or aost of dmvjrtbsblk bs proportboldn to tcj luhijr of pjopnj rjdacjm, d Hjmbd Wndlljr wbnn try to `jjp tcj disonutj aost mowl iy puracdsblk tcj prokrdhs tcdt mjnbvjr tcj cbkcjst aolajltrdtbol of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Bf d Hjmbd

413

 

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

ACDW]JY

;

Wndlljr bs lot usblk tdrkjtjm rdtblk poblts, tcjl tcj anbjlt bs pdyblk for d not of pjopnj wco cdvj d huac nowjr proidibnbty of puracdsblk tcj irdlm.

Quhhdry Dmvjrtbsjrs usudnny cbrj dkjlabjs to rjsjdrac, pndl, dlm bhpnjhjlt hjmbd puracdsjs. ]cj Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt dt dl dkjlay hust aonnjat dmvjrtbsblk aosts, jstbhdtj dumbjlaj sbzjs, dlm dldnyzj mjhokrdpcba profflnjs for tcj host rjnjvdlt hjmbd adtjkorbjs. ]cj dibnbty dibnbt y to pjrforh tcbs BHA fulatbol mjpjlms ol d aohpnjtj ulmjrstdlmblk of tcj tjrhblonoky dlm voadiundry of trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd. ]cj jbkct host bhportdlt hjmbd aolajpts drj5 rjdac, frjqujlay, bhprjssbols, aost pjr tcousdlm (AWH), mupnbadtbol, rdtblks, kross rdtblk poblts (KYWs), dlm tdrkjt rdtblk poblts (]YWs). Qpjabffla puinbadtbols, prokrdhs, dlm mbkbtdn pndtforhs drj sjnjatjm idsjm ol d aohibldtbol of aost jffflabjlabjs, aovjrdkj of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj dlm qudnbty aoltjlt jlvbrolhjlt for d irdlm. Yjaohhjlmdtbols for puracdsblk d hjmbd propjrty hust aolforh to prjvbousny jstdinbscjm dmvjrtbsblk oiejatbvjs dlm tdrkjt dumbjlaj rjqubrjhjlts.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Iroussdrm, K. (9746). Jlrbacblk hjmbd mdtd5 D spjabdn rjport froh tcj Z.Q. aodnbtbol of bllovdtbvj hjmbd hjdsurjhjlt. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yjsj drac, :6(4), 9:‑13. Adllol, C. H., & Ybormdl, J. D. (422=). Jffjatbvj rjdac dlm frjqujlay5 Mojs bt rjdnny hd`j sjlsj? Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 1=(9), 42‑93. Acjolk, R., mj Krjkorbo, F., & @bh, @. (9747). ]cj powjr of rjdac dlm frjqujlay bl tcj dkj of mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk5 Of﬉blj dlm olnblj hjmbd mjhdlm mbffjrjlt hjtrbas.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :7(=), =71‑=4:. Jpcrol, J. (4223). Woblt of vbjw5 Optbhbzjrs dlm hjmbd pndllblk.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, 13(=), =;‑:6. Funkolb, K. H. (974:). Bs tcj KYW rjdnny mjdm bl d aross-pndtforh jaosystjh?5 [cy tcj kross rdtblk poblt hjtrba scounm tcrbvj bl tomdy‒ tomdy‒ss frdkhjltjm hjmbd wornm. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(=), 1:3‑164. @dtz, C. (974:). ]cj Hjmbd Cdlmioo`5 D Aohpnjtj Kubmj to Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd Qjnjatbol,  Wndllblk, Yjsjdrac, dlm Iuyblk , 6tc jmbtbol, Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj. @jnny, N. M., Eukjlcjbhjr, M., & Qcjjcdl, @. I. (9744).  Dmvjrtbs  Dmvjrtbsblk blk Hjmbd Wndllblk5  D Irdlm Hdldkjhjlt Dpprodac Dpprodac. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj. Ldky,, E., & Hbmcd, D. (974=). ]cj vdnuj of jdrljm dumbjlajs ‑ cow soabdn bltjrdatbols Ldky dhpnbfy ]V bhpdat5 [cdt prokrdhhjrs dlm dmvjrtbsjrs adl kdbl froh jdrljm soabdn Yj sjdrac, :=(=), ==3‑=:1. bhprjssbols. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac

412

 

ACDW]JY

;

HJMBD WNDLLBLK HJ]COMQ

Wontrda`, M. F., & Iowjl, @. (9744). ]cj futurj bs low5 Bl pursubt of d horj jffflabjlt dlm jffjatbvj hjmbd strdtjky. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :4(9), 1=:‑1::. Yohdlbu`, E., Ijdn, V., & Zlanjs, H. (9741). Dacbjvblk rjdac bl d huntb-hjmbd jlvbrolhjlt5 Cow d hdr`jtjr‒s fflrst stjp provbmjs tcj mbrjatbol for tcj sjaolm.    Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :1(9), 994‑917. Qbssors, E. U. (9747). Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd Wndllblk . Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Qhbtc, H. (974=). ]drkjtjm5 Cow ]jaclonoky Bs Yjvonutbolbzblk Dmvjrtbsblk dlm tcj [dy Aohpdlbjs Yjdac Aolsuhjrs. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Dhjrbadl Hdldkjhjlt Dssoabdtbol. Qurhdlj`, E. (9771). Bltromuatbol to Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd5 Yjsjdrac, Wndllblk, dlm Iuyblk ,  4st jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 L]A Iusbljss Ioo`s. Qurhdlj`, E. (9744).  Hjmbd Wndllblk5 D Wrdatbadn Kubmj, 1rm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn Jmuadtbol.

4=7

 

3  Dmv  Dmvjrtbsblk jrtbsblk   Adhpdbkls Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj proajss of hjmbd pndllblk

•

]o dppny rjsjdrac for hjmbd jvdnudtbol dlm dldnysbs

•

]o mjvjnop hjmbd oiejatbvjs for dmvjrtbsblk prokrdhs

•

]o jxpnorj tcj mjnbvjry optbols for trdmbtboldn hjmbd

•

]o prjpdrj suhhdry sprjdmscjjts for hjmbd proposdns

Bltromuatbol  Bt‒s vjry v jry jdsy to spjlm holjy ol dmvjrt dmvjrtbsblk, bsblk, iut vjry mbffflaun mbffflauntt to `low wcdt you‒rj  kjttblk. ]cbs acdptjr ijkbls wbtc d rjaohhjlmjm sjqujlaj for jffjatbvj hjmbd pndllblk dlm dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl mjvjnophjlt. ]cj purposj bs to njdrl horj

diout tcj ijst wdys to dldnyzj dlm sjnjat dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. ]cbs bs d acdnnjlkblk jxpjrbjlaj, jspjabdnny wcjl tcousdlms of mbffjrjlt hjmbd optbols drj dvdbndinj. ]cj proajss rjsunts bl d moauhjlt, or Hjmbd Wndl, tcdt outnbljs tcj hjtcoms usjm to mjnbvjr irdlm dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs to prjmjtjrhbljm tdrkjt dumbjlajs. Bt blmbadtjs tcj dhoult of holjy dvdbndinj for jdac hjmbd adtjkory, adtjkory, dlm provbmjs mjtdbns ol wcjl, dlm wcjrj, dmvjrtbsblk wbnn dppjdr. ]cj Hjmbd Wndl bs olny olj pdrt of tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Wndl. ]cj otcjr pdrt bs tcj arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns for tcj irdlm hjssdkjs, wcbac aohpnjtjs tcj adhpdbkl. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tcj Hjmbd Wndl dlm arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns drj aohibljm bl tcj dmvjrtbsblk sjatbol of tcj BHA Wndl.

4=4

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

]cj Hjmbd Wndllblk Wroajss [cjl you usj trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk, tcjrj bs d sjqujltbdn proajss to dssjhinj d Hjmbd Wndl. ]cbs bs sjpdrdtj froh tcj arjdtbvj mjvjnophjlt of dmvjrtbsblk hdtjrbdns, yjt bs d pdrt of tcj ovjrdnn Dmvjrtbsblk Wndl. Bt bs lot idsjm ol ffllmblk tcj nowjst prbaj or tcj ndrkjst dumbjlaj. Bt mojs lot blanumj sjnjatblk your fdvorbtj prokrdhs, tjnjvbsbol scows, or hdkdzbljs. Hjmbd pndllblk bs d hjtcombadn sjrbjs of datbvbtbjs tcdt ijkbls wbtc rjsjdrac dlm jlms wbtc dldnytbas. ]cj fonnowblk jbkct stjps drj rjaohhjlmjm for mjvjnopblk d Hjmbd Wndl for d irdlm or shdnn iusbljss5 hjmbd oiejatbvjs, iumkjt dnnoadtbols, hjmbd rjsjdrac, jffflabjlay dldnysbs, prbaj ljkotbdtbols, hjmbd aoltrdats, sprjdmscjjt suhhdrbjs, dlm dmvjrtbsblk sacjmunblk.

Hjmbd Oiejatbvjs  Hjmbd oiejatbvjs drj vjry mbffjrjlt froh dmvjrtbsblk oiejatbvjs. Ds scowl bl Fbkurj 3.4, 3.4, tcjy usj spjabffla hjmbd tjrhblonoky tjrhblonok y. ]cjy mo lot blvonvj irdlm dwdrjljss, promuat prjfjrjlaj, or puracdsj aolsbmjrdtbol. Dlm, tcjy mjffllbtjny mo lot rjfjr to sdnjs, profflts, or hdr`jt scdrj. ]cosj hjdsurjhjlts drj for hdr`jtblk, or dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk, dlm scounm ljvjr ij aolfusjm wbtc hjmbd oiejatbvjs. Hjmbd oiejatbvjs drj olny aolajrljm wbtc tcj aost dlm rjndtbvj mjnbvjry jffflabjlabjs of aohhulbadtblk hjssdkjs tcroukc iotc trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn acdlljns. ]cbs mjpjlms upol tcj sjnjatbol of hjmbd idsjm ol d idndlajm dpprodac usblk tcj aolajpts of rjdac, frjqujlay, aost pjr tcousdlm, kross rdtblk poblts, dlm bhprjssbols. Cow mo you wrbtj d hjmbd oiejatbvj? ]cj forhdt bs idsjm ol tcj stdlmdrm hjtcom blvonvblk dly oiejatbvj. ]cbs blanumjs5 d mjsarbptbol of tcj hjdsurjhjlt adtjkory, d mjtjrhbldtbol of d spjabffla luhijr ds d kodn, tbhj frdhj, tdrkjt dumbjlaj, iumkjt, dlm possbinj rjstrbatbols. Cowjvjr, tcj host bhportdlt dspjat

Fbkurj 3.4 Mjtjrhblblk hjmbd oiejatbvjs

4=9

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

Fbkurj 3.9 Mjnbvjry dmvdltdkjs dmvdltdkjs of hjmbd

of hjmbd pndllblk bs jstdinbscblk tcj mjsbrjm, or strdtjkba, rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl „rjdac‘ dlm „frjqujlay.‘ „frjqujlay.‘ Jdac dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd cds tcj dibnbty to dacbjvj d cbkc luhijr for jbtcjr olj, iut ljvjr iotc dt tcj sdhj tbhj. [cy? Ijadusj rjdac dlm frjqujlay drj blvjrsjny rjndtjm. Bt bs d hdtcjhdtbadn sbtudtbol. Bf rjdac kojs up, tcjl frjqujlay kojs mowl. Dlm, bf tcj frjqujlay kojs up, tcjl tcj rjdac rj dac wbnn mjanblj. Bl otcjr worms, tcj luhijrs hovj bl opposbtj mbrjatbols, iut bl mbrjat proportbol. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj frjqujlay bs 6 wbtc rjdac dt 17%, tcjl wcjl tcj mjsbrjm frjqujlay bs aut bl cdnf to 1, tcj rjdac mouinjs to 67%. Fbkurj 3.9 scows 3.9 scows tcj dmvdltdkjs of mbffjrjlt hjmbd adtjkorbjs for mjnbvjrblk rjdac dlm frjqujlay. For jxdhpnj, tjnjvbsbol bs tcj ijst for mjnbvjrblk rjdac, ijadusj bt adl ij sjjl iy hbnnbols of pjopnj sbhuntdljousny. Iut, bt bs vjry jxpjlsbvj, wcbac nbhbts tcj totdn luhijr of aohhjrabdns idsjm ol tcj sbzj of dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts. iumkjt s. Qblaj rdmbo bs horj of d noadn hjmbd, tcj dumbjlajs dumbj lajs drj shdnnjr, ds drj tcj prbajs. Ijadusj of tcbs sbtudtbol, rdmbo adl ij usjm ds d cbkc-frjqujlay hjmbuh. Ljwspdpjrs dnso adl quba`ny dacbjvj d cbkc njvjn of rjdac, iut drj vjry bljffflabjlt dt rjdacblk d tdrkjt dumbjlaj. ]cj abraundtbol of d ljwspdpjr jxtjlms to jvjryolj bl tcj abty dlm bt bs mbffflaunt to bmjltbfy tcj mjhokrdpcbas of bts rjdmjrs. ]cj sdhj for outmoor dlm trdlsbt. Fbldnny, hdkdzbljs drj jxajnnjlt for mjnbvjrblk dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs to wjnn tdrkjtjm tdrkjtj m dumbjlaj profflnjs. Low, bt bs tbhj to wrbtj d hjmbd oiejatbvj. Cjrj drj tcrjj jxdhpnjs. Jdac olj rj﬉jats tcj host bhportdlt hjmbd pndllblk acdrdatjrbstba for d pdrtbaundr irdlm. Lotbaj cow spjabffla tcj mjtdbns drj for jdac hjmbd oiejatbvj, jspjabdnny for tcj rjdac dlm frjqujlay rjqubrjhjlts. Hjmbd oiejatbvj for irdlm #45 ]o dacbjvj d rjdac of ;3% of tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj wbtcbl sbx wjj`s wjj `s wbtc d iumkjt of $4=7,777. Hjmbd oiejatbvj for irdlm #95 ]o dacbjvj d hblbhuh 3:% rjdac wbtc d frjqujlay of 6.3, dholk wohjl, dkjm 43 to 1=, nbvblk bl tcj top twjlty-fflvj hjtroponbtdl drjds usblk d tcrjj-holtc adhpdbkl. Hjmbd oiejatbvj for irdlm #15 ]o mjnbvjr

4=1

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

9,277,777 bhprjssbols to hjl, dkjm 1: to =2, wco drj cjdvy usjrs of scdvblk arjdh, sblknj, datbvj bl sports, dlm nbvblk bl cbkc-blaohj zbp aomjs (iumkjt $3:,777). ]cjsj drj typbadn of tcj hjmbd oiejatbvjs kbvjl to dl dkjlay‒s Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt ijforj tcjy ijkbl tcj proajss of rjsjdracblk, dldnyzblk, dlm rjaohhjlmblk hjmbd.

Iumkjt Dnnoadtbols  ]cjrj drj tcrjj hdeorbty iumkjt dnnoadtbol mjabsbols. Fbrst, tcj dhoult of holjy tcdt wbnn ij spjlt ol jdac dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. ]cbs bs oftjl rjfjrrjm to ds tcj „hjmbd hbx.‘ Bt bs d suiejatbvj mjabsbol, iut tcj sbzj of tcj iumkjt dlm aurrjlt hjmbd prbajs provbmj kubmdlaj. ]cj rjsuntblk pjrajltdkjs blmbadtjs tcj rjndtbvj bhportdlaj of jdac hjmbd bl tcj Hjmbd Wndl. For jxdhpnj, d proposjm hjmbd hbx aounm ij5 =7% tjnjvbsbol, 17% ljwspdpjrs, 97% rdmbo, dlm 47% hdkdzbljs, or ;7% tjnjvbsbol, 97% hdkdzbljs, dlm 47% mbkbtdn hjmbd. Qjaolm, iumkjt dnnoadtbols drj hdmj for tbhj pjrboms murblk tcj yjdr yj dr.. ]cbs mjabsbol bs idsjm ol sjvjrdn fdators, suac ds sjdsoldnbty, conbmdys, sdnjs aurvjs, prohotboldn jvjlts, or aolsuhjr puracdsj cbstorbjs. Dnnoadtbols drj hdmj for jdac tbhj pjrbom, wcbac adl ij blmbvbmudn holtcs, or tcj four qudrtjrs of d yjdr0 for jxdhpnj5 Fbrst Tudrtjr (97%), Qjaolm Tudrtjr (4:%), ]cbrm Tudrtjr (9:%), dlm Fourtc Tudrtjr (=7%). ]cj pjrajltdkjs jxprjss tcj bhportdlaj pndajm ol jdac tbhj pjrbom, wcbac trdlsndtjs blto tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlmbturjs dnnoadtjm. ]cbrm, tcj iumkjt dnnoadtbols adl ij hdmj daaormblk to kjokrdpcba drjds. Hjmbd Wndlljrs usj sjvjrdn hjtcoms to dldnyzj kjokrdpcba drjds. ]cj purposj bs to rdl` hdr`jts daaormblk to tcjbr sdnjs potjltbdn dlm tcjl dnnoadtj hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk fulms idsjm ol tcj sbzj dlm strjlktc of tcbs potjltbdn. ]cj rdtboldnj for tcbs proajss bs to aolajltrdtj dmvjrtbsblk monndrs wcjrj tcjy cdvj tcj krjdtjst acdlaj to bl﬉ujlaj aolsuhjr ijcdvbor. ]cj two host frjqujltny usjm hjtcoms to prborbtbzj hdr`jts drj tcj Adtjkory Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx (AMB) dlm tcj Irdlm Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx (IMB). ]cj strjlktc of d promuat adtjkory bs jxprjssjm jxprjss jm iy tcj AMB, wcbnj tcj strjlktc of d irdlm bs bts IMB. Cjrj bs cow to aohputj jdac. ]cj AMB bs adnaundtjm iy mbvbmblk totdn sdnjs bl d promuat adtjkory for dl blmbvbmudn hdr`jt iy tcj totdn sdnjs for tcj jltbrj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. ]cj IMB bs adnaundtjm iy mbvbmblk sdnjs of d spjabffla irdlm bl d hdr`jt iy tcj totdn sdnjs for d promuat adtjkory for tcj jltbrj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. ]cj totdn luhijr of hdr`jts drj tcjl rdl`jm daaormblk to tcjbr AMB or IMB luhijrs, dlm d mjabsbol bs hdmj ol tcj holjy kbvjl to jdac.

Hjmbd Yjsjdrac  Yjsjdrac  Hjmbd rjsjdrac bs mbffjrjlt froh blmustry, promuat, or aolsuhjr rjsjdrac. ]cbs typj of hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac aolajltrdtjs ol jxdhblblk blmbvbmudn hjmbd optbols,

4==

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

or mjnbvjry systjhs. Qpjabffladnny, Qpjabffladnny, tcj blforhdtbol blanumjs hjmbd prbajs, dumbjlaj profflnjs, mjhokrdpcbas, mbstrbiutbol pdttjrls, typj of aoltjlt, dlm tcj luhijr of pjopnj wdtacblk, nbstjlblk to, or rjdmblk tcdt hjmbuh. ]cbs bs jssjltbdn blforhdtbol to hdtac tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnj of tcj hjmbd wbtc tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnj of tcj irdlm. ]cjrj drj tcrjj sourajs of tcbs blforhdtbol tcdt drj usjm jxtjlsbvjny iy dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs or iuyblk sjrvbajs5 hjmbd mdtd puinbadtbols, hjmbd `bts, dlm hjmbd sdnjs rjprjsjltdtbvjs.

Hjmbd Mdtd Wuinbadtbols Qblaj tcjrj drj tcousdlms of mbffjrjlt hjmbd puinbadtbols, prokrdhs, scows, dlm optbols, bt bs huac jdsbjr to t o usj „souraj ioo`s‘ tcdt aoltdbl suhhdrbjs of jssjltbdn hjmbd blforhdtbol. ]cj host frjqujltny usjm hjmbd rjsouraj bs d aohpdly adnnjm Qtdlmdrm Ydtj dlm Mdtd. [cbnj tcj ldhj soulms „onm sacoon,‘ tcj blforhdtbol bs vjry up to mdtj, dvdbndinj olnblj, dlm vjry aohprjcjlsbvj. ]cj Qtdlmdrm Ydtj dlm Mdtd (QYMQ) puinbadtbol bs drrdlkjm iy mbffjrjlt hjmbd adtjkorbjs5 aolsuhjr hdkdzbljs, iusbljss hdkdzbljs, ljwspdpjrs, aohhulbty puinbadtbols, irodmadst tjnjvbsbol, adinj tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo dmvjrtbsblk, mbrjat hdr`jtblk hdbnblk nbsts, out-of-cohj dmvjrtbsblk, bltjrdatbvj dmvjrtbsblk, Cbspdlba hjmbd, tjaclonoky hjmbd, cjdntcadrj eourldns, dlm bltjrldtboldn dmvjrtbsblk. QYMQ bs jspjabdnny cjnpfun for shdnnjr dkjlabjs, or aolsuntdlts, wco mo lot cdvj d aohpnjtj Hjmbd Mjpdrthjlt or rjsjdrac opjrdtbol. Jdac hjmbd adtjkory bs orkdlbzjm dnpcdijtbadnny iy blmustry or hdr`jt sjator sjator,, suac ds daaoultblk, dbrnbljs, dutohoibnjs, dlm dkdbl iy blmbvbmudn puinbadtbols, dkdbl dnpcdijtbadnny. Qo, tcbs hjtcom jldinjs d Hjmbd Wndlljr, or dmvjrtbsjr, to quba`ny ffllm hjmbd aost dlm mjnbvjry blforhdtbol for host hjmbd optbols. ]cj olny mbffflaunty bs tcdt irodmadst tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo aosts drj lot blanumjm, sblaj tcjy drj aolstdltny acdlkblk dlm dnwdys ljkotbdinj. Iut, tcjrj bs dnso d sonutbol to tcdt proinjh, wcbac blvonvjs aoltdatblk d hjmbd rjprjsjltdtbvj mbrjatny. mbrjatny. Dlotcjr bhportdlt hjmbd blforhdtbol rjsouraj bs tcj Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of  Dmvjrt bsjrs dlm Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsblk Dkjlabjs, dnso rjfjrrjm to ds tcj  Dmvjrtbsjrs „Yjmioo`s.‘ ]cj vdnuj of tcjsj puinbadtbols bs tcdt blforhdtbol diout aohpdlbjs dlm irdlms bs puinbscjm. ]cbs blanumjs dlludn dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts, jxpjlmbturjs iy hjmbd adtjkorbjs, dlm jstbhdtjm prohotboldn prokrdhs. ]cj mbrjatorbjs dnso nbst tcj dmvjrtbsblk pjrsolljn pjrsollj n dt ndrkj aorpordtbols dlm hdeor dkjlabjs. Dmvjrtbsjrs usj tcj blforhdtbol to prjpdrj dl dldnysbs of aohpjtbtbvj irdlms, ds pdrt of d Hdr`jtblk Wndl. Dkjlabjs drj horj bltjrjstjm bl sjdracblk for ljw daaoults. Dlm, hjmbd aohpdlbjs wdlt to ffllm out wco to prohotj tcjbr propjrtbjs to dt ndrkjiumkjt aorpordtbols. Fbldnny, tcj host fdhous rjsouraj bs ]cj Lbjnsjl Aohpdly . Bt arjdtjm tcj tjnjvbsbol rdtblks sjrvbaj, sjrv baj, wcbac bs stbnn dl jssjltbdn pdrt of dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk pndll blk tomdy.

4=:

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

Cowjvjr, Lbjnsjl cds low jxpdlmjm bts hjmbd hjdsurjhjlt datbvbtbjs blto hdly mbffjrjlt drjds, blanumblk mbkbtdn hjmbd. Bt cds jvonvjm blto tcj wornm‒s ndrkjst hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac aohpdly. Qo, tcj ijst wdy to njdrl horj diout bts jxtjlsbvj opjrdtbols bs to vbsbt tcj aorpordtj wjisbtj5 www.lbjnsjl.aoh www.lbjnsjl.aoh..

Olnblj Hjmbd @bts Jdac hdkdzblj, ljwspdpjr, tjnjvbsbol stdtbol, rdmbo stdtbol, dlm outmoor hjmbd cds d pda`dkj of blforhdtbol tcdt aoltdbls prbajs, dumbjlaj profflnjs, dlm d mjsarbptbol of bts aoltjlt. Hjmbd `bts drj mbffjrjlt froh rjsjdrac puinbadtbols ijadusj tcjbr purposj bs to sjnn dlm prohotj tcjbr pdrtbaundr offjrblk. ]cbs dnwdys blanumjs d ibdsjm or suiejatbvj prjsjltdtbol of hjmbd mdtd. For jxdhpnj, d tjnjvbsbol ljtwor` hbkct jhpcdsbzj bts dibnbty to mjnbvjr dmunts, 43 to =2, iut bklorj bts now rdtblks dholk hjl, 43 to 1=. Bt bs tcj rjspolsbibnbty of d Hjmbd Wndlljr to sjpdrdtj fdats froh fdltdsy, dldnyzj tcj vdnuj of tcj hjmbd, dlm hd`j d rjaohhjlmdtbol for puracdsj, or lot. ]cj aorj of jvjry hjmbd `bt bs tcj rdtj adrm. ]cbs bs idsbadnny d hjlu for prbajs. Bt kbvjs dnn tcj aosts dssoabdtjm wbtc dmvjrtbsblk bl tcdt hjmbd. Qblaj bt adl acdlkj oftjl, dnwdys noo` for tcj mdtj tcdt bt wds puinbscjm to mjtjrhblj tcj vdnbmbty of tcj prbajs. Mbsaoults drj dnso offjrjm ds dl blajltbvj to puracdsj d pdrtbaundr hjmbd, iut tcosj drj rdrjny scowl ol dl offflabdn rdtj adrm. [cjrj mo you ffllm hjmbd `bts? ]cjy‒rj dnwdys ol tcj irdlmsbtj for d hjmbd aohpdly, iut sohjtbhj drj vjry cdrm to ffllm. ]cj usudn noadtbol bs dt tcj vjry iottoh of tcj cohjpdkj, jbtcjr bl tcj ajltjr or to tcj rbkct sbmj. Noo` for tcj worms „hjmbd `bt,‘ iut sohj aohpdlbjs usj otcjr pcrdsjs, nb`j „dmvjrtbsblk blforhdtbol,‘ „cow to dmvjrtbsj,‘ or „dmvjrtbsj wbtc us.‘ Or, eust sjdrac olnblj wbtc Kooknj or Iblk for tcj ldhj of tcj aohpdly dlm tcjl dmm „hjmbd `bt.‘ Jxpnorj tcj hjmbd `bt to ffllm spjabffla blforhdtbol ol tcj mjhokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm psyacokrdpcba profflnj of rjdmjrs, nbstjljrs, or vbjwjrs. ]cjl aohpdrj tcosj profflnjs wbtc tcj irdlm tcdt bs ijblk dmvjrtbsjm. Bf bt bs d koom hdtac, tcjl adnaundtj tcj aost pjr pj r tcousdlm dlm aohpdrj bt to otcjr otcj r acobajs dlm dntjrldtbvjs. ]cjrj drj dnso jxajnnjlt softwdrj prokrdhs for tcbs dldnysbs.

Hjmbd Yjps [cjl d Hjmbd Wndlljr bs sdtbsffljm wbtc tcj qudnbty dlm aost jffflabjlabjs of d hjmbd, d hjjtblk wbtc tcj sdnjs rjprjsjltdtbvj bs drrdlkjm. ]cjsj hjmbd rjps wbnn mbsauss tcj dmvdltdkjs of usblk tcjbr propjrtbjs dlm jxpnorj optbols wbtc tcj dkjlay‒s Hjmbd Wndlljr, dlm, bl sohj adsjs, mbrjatny wbtc wbt c tcj dmvjrtbsjr dmvjrtbsj r. Cowjvjr, Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjrs dt aorpordtbols mo lot nb`j to hjjt wbtc hjmbd rjps, ulnjss tcjrj bs d proinjh. ]cbs bs ijadusj tcj dkjlay cds ijjl cbrjm to hd`j dl dldnysbs

4=6

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

Fbkurj 3.1  Dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk arbtjrbd

wbtc hjmbd rjaohhjlmdtbols. Bl dmmbtbol, tcjrj drj too hdly hjmbd rjps, dlm lot jloukc tbhj to hjjt wbtc tcjh dnn, jspjabdnny wbtc hjmbd tcdt mo lot hdtac irdlm profflnjs.

Jffflabjlay Dldnysbs  Dmvjrtbsblk pndllblk arbtjrbd stdrt wbtc d AWH dldnysbs, iut tcjy dnso hust blaorpordtj tcj otcjr mbhjlsbols tcdt kubmj hjmbd mjabsbols. ]cjsj blanumj tcj profflnj of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj, prbajs for tcj dvdbndinj hjmbd, tcj t cj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjt, dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, tcj luhijr of bhprjssbols mjnbvjrjm iy jdac hjmbd acobaj. Ds scowl bl Fbkurj 3.1, 3.1, tcj aost pjr tcousdlm (AWH) bs dnwdys bl tcj ajltjr or aorj of tcj hjmbd mjabsbol-hd`blk proajss. ]cj nowjst AWH bs dnwdys tcj host jffflabjlt, dlm mjsbrdinj, hjmbd puracdsj. Bt blmbadtjs tcj dibnbty of d hjmbd to mjnbvjr d pdrtbaundr tdrkjt dumbjlaj, bl ulbts of 4,777 pjopnj, dt tcj ijst possbinj prbaj. Iut, tcjrj bs dnso aovjrdkj, or tcj pjrajltdkj of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj tcdt cds dl opportulbty to ij jxposjm to irdlm hjssdkjs. ]cj krjdtjr tcj aovjrdkj, tcj ndrkjr tcj luhijr of pjopnj blvonvjm wbtc tcj hjmbd. Cjrj bs dl bhportdlt jxajptbol. Bf tcj sbzj of tcj totdn dumbjlaj bs shdnn, tcj nowjst AWH bs lot ds koom ds bt noo`s. [cbnj bt hbkct ij cbkcny jffflabjlt, d now aost pjr tcousdlm mojs lot kudrdltjj d ndrkj dumbjlaj. Ds dl jxdhpnj, dssuhj hdkdzblj „D‘ cds d AWH of $1=.4: wbtc 4:=,777 rjdmjrs, wcbnj hdkdzblj „I‘ cds d AWH of $12.4; wbtc =33,777 rjdmjrs. Hdkdzblj „D‘ bs horj aost jffflabjlt, iut hdkdzblj „I‘ cds horj tcdl tcrjj tbhjs tcj abraundtbol. Bl tcbs adsj, aovjrdkj of dl dumbjlaj bs horj bhportdlt tcdl aost jffflabjlay.

Wrbaj Ljk Ljkotbdtbol otbdtbol Lo olj jxpjats to pdy tcj funn prbaj dlm jvjryolj wdlts d spjabdn mjdn. Qo, tcj hjmbd idttnj ijkbls. ]jnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo prbajs drj dnwdys ljkotbdinj. Hdkdzblj dlm ljwspdpjr prbajs drj lot. Mbkbtdn cds ﬉jxbinj prbajs, iut bs dnwdys bl﬉ujlajm iy AWH rjqubrjhjlts dlm dvdbndinj dmvjrtbsblk iumkjts. ]cj rjdsol bs tcdt tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj vdrbjs iy cour, jvjl iy hblutj, for tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo.

4=;

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

]cus, tcj dmvjrtbsjr mojs lot `low tcj outaohj ultbn dftjr tcj aohhjrabdn dppjdrs. Hdkdzblj dlm ljwspdpjr abraundtbols mo lot acdlkj vjry huac, muj to tcjbr suisarbptbol homjn, dlm tcbs hd`js prbajs rjndtbvjny aolstdlt for dl jltbrj yjdr.

Hjmbd Aoltr Aolt rdats  Ijforj hd`blk d aohhbthjlt, acja` tcj mbsaoult rdtjs for dmvjrtbsblk vonuhj, huntb-pndtforh owljrscbp, dlm aorpordtj drrdlkjhjlts. Host hjmbd offjr d mbsaoult for dmvjrtbsblk vonuhj, or tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk monndrs spjlt, jspjabdnny hdkdzbljs dlm ljwspdpjrs. ]cj prbaj pjr pdkj mjarjdsjs ds tcj luhijr of pdkjs blarjdsjs. For jxdhpnj, d sblknj pdkj bl d hdkdzblj aounm aost $1,=27, iut tcj prbaj for sjvjl pdkjs bl tcj sdhj hdkdzblj mrops to olny $9,231. Mbsaoults drj jvjrywcjrj. Jvjl tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo stdtbols offjr pda`dkjs tcdt cdvj ijttjr ij ttjr prbajs wcjl you dmvjrtbsj ol d rjkundr idsbs. Huntb-pndtforh mbsaoults oaaur wcjl d hjmbd aohpdly owls horj tcdl olj hdkdzblj, or propjrtbjs bl mbffjrjlt hjmbd adtjkorbjs. For jxdhpnj, d 47% mbsaoult bs kbvjl bf you dmvjrtbsj bl tcrjj or horj hdkdzbljs, owljm iy tcdt hjmbd aohpdly, or cdvj dmvjrtbsblk pndajm bl tcjbr otcjr hjmbd optbols, suac ds d noadn rdmbo stdtbol, ljwspdpjr, or outmoor ibnniodrms. Dlm fflldnny, aorpordtj drrdlkjhjlts drj put bl pndaj for uhirjnnd aoltrdats or drrdlkjhjlts. For jxdhpnj, bf Kjljrdn Hotors cds dl dmvjrtbsblk aoltrdat wbtc d hjmbd aohpdly, tcjl jdac dutohotbvj mbvbsbol suac ds Acjvy, Iuba`, or Admbnnda rjajbvjs d aohibljm vonuhj mbsaoult.

Qprjdmscjjt Quhhdrbjs  Jxajn sprjdmscjjts, or jvjl sbhpnj [orm tdinjs, drj dnso dl bhportdlt pdrt of hjmbd pndllblk for dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj sprjdmscjjts aoltdbl d suhhdry of tcj aost of tcj hjmbd proposjm, tcj t cj dhoult of holjy for jdac hjmbd aohhbthjlt, dlm tcj mjnbvjry bl tjrhs of bhprjssbols. ]cj vjrtbadn aonuhl ol tcj njft nbsts hjmbd adtjkory, suiadtjkorbjs, dlm spjabffla puracdsjs. For jxdhpnj, tjnjvbsbol/DIA Ljtwor`/ Mdlablk wbtc tcj Qtdrs. ]cj corbzoltdn rows adl blanumj d vdrbjty of mdtd, suac ds aost pjr ulbt, tbhj frdhjs, AWHs, dlm bhprjssbols. ]cj iumkjt for tcj Hjmbd Wndl bs dnwdys tcj totdn dhoult of holjy spjlt bl jdac hjmbd adtjkory for tcj irdlm. ]ypbadnny, tcjrj drj tcrjj sjpdrdtj sprjdmscjjts5 hjmbd jxpjlsjs, dmvjrtbsblk ulbts, dlm mjnbvjry. Hjmbd jxpjlsjs drj tcj jstbhdtjm fulms tcdt wbnn ij spjlt ds pdrt of tcj pndl. Dmvjrtbsblk ulbts drj sbzjs dlm mbhjlsbols, suac ds funn-pdkj or cdnf-pdkj for hdkdzbljs, wcbnj ljwspdpjrs wbnn ij bmjltbffljm iy tcjbr Qtdlmdrm Dmvjrtbsblk Zlbt luhijr. luhijr. ]cj ulbts for tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo drj tcj njlktc of tcj aohhjrabdns, aohhjrabdn s, suac ds 67, 17, or 4: sjaolms. Outmoor dmvjrtbsblk wbnn ij jxprjssjm

4=3

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

wbtc tcj luhijr of „scowblks.‘ Mbkbtdn dmvjrtbsblk ulbts wbnn vdry iy tcjbr dppnbadtbols, jspjabdnny for soabdn hjmbd or wjisbtj idlljrs dlm mbspndy dms. Hjmbd mjnbvjry bs suhhdrbzjm iy tcj totdn luhijr of bhprjssbols for jdac puinbadtbol, prokrdh, or otcjr aohhulbadtbol homj. Ds jxpndbljm bl tcj prjvbous acdptjr, bhprjssbols drj adnaundtjm iy huntbpnyblk tcj luhijr of dms for jdac puinbadtbol iy tcjbr abraundtbol (hdkdzbljs or ljwspdpjr) or dumbjlaj sbzj (tjnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo). Bhprjssbols adl ij dmmjm daross mbffjrjlt hjmbd pndtforhs, blanumblk mbkbtdn, sblaj tcjy rjprjsjlt dl opportulbty for jxposurj. ]cus, bhprjssbols blmbadtj tcj totdn „wjbkct‘ of dl dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl for d irdlm or aohpdly. Fbkurj 3.= scows 3.= scows tcj typbadn hjmbd blforhdtbol tcdt bs aoltdbljm bl d hjmbd sprjdmscjjt. ]cbs blanumjs tcj spjabffla hjmbd vjcbanj proposjm dlm tcj arjdtbvj ulbt ijblk rjqujstjm. For jxdhpnj, d hdkdzblj rjaohhjlmdtbol cds to blanumj tcj ldhj of tcj puinbadtbol, ds wjnn ds tcj sbzj of tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cj sbzj optbols for hdkdzbljs drj funn-pdkj, cdnf-pdkj, qudrtjr-pdkj, or otcjr spjabdn posbtbols. Dlotcjr jxdhpnj for tjnjvbsbol wounm ij d 17-sjaolm aohhjrabdn for tcrjj prokrdhs, suac ds Dhjrbadl Bmon, LFN Holmdy lbkct footidnn, dlm AQB Hbdhb.

 Dmvjrtbsblk Qacjmunblk  Arjdtbvj? [jnn, [jnn, dnn tcosj ndyouts, storyiodrms, dlm sarbpts wbnn jvjltudnny ijaohj aohhjrabdns dlm dmvjrtbsjhjlts. Dlm tcosj arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns hust ij dssbkljm to tcj hjmbd tcdt cds ijjl puracdsjm. For jxdhpnj, bf fflvj mbffjrjlt hdkdzbljs drj bl tcj Hjmbd Wndl wbtc tcrjj arjdtbvj dms, tcjl sohj hdkdzbljs wbnn cdvj tcj

Fbkurj 3.= Wrjpdrblk hjmbd sprjdmscjjts

4=2

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

sdhj dm dppjdrblk twbaj. Dlm, wcdt bf tcj fflvj hdkdzbljs wjrj sacjmunjm ovjr d yjdr? ]cjl, tcjrj wounm ij olj dmvjrtbsjhjlt jvjry two holtcs, jxajpt for olaj murblk d yjdr. Ds you cdvj eust rjdnbzjm, tcjrj drj nots of possbinj aohibldtbols of dms dlm hdkdzbljs. ]cj sacjmunblk proajss ijaohjs jvjl horj mbffflaunt wcjl horj tcdl olj tdrkjt dumbjlaj dumbjl aj bs usjm, or horj tcdl olj irdlm bs ijblk dmvjrtbsjm dmvjrtbs jm iy tcj sdhj aohpdly. Dt njdst wj cdvj aohputjrs for tcdt!

Hdkdzblj Dmvjrtbsblk [cjl tcjrj drj tcousdlms of hdkdzbljs, cow adl you `low wcbac oljs drj tcj ijst for dmvjrtbsblk d pdrtbaundr irdlm? [btcbl dly adtjkory, tcjrj drj d krjdt vdrbjty of hdkdzbljs. ]d`j your pba` froh aoo`blk to slowiodrmblk to kdrmjlblk dlm footidnn. [cjl you drj lot fdhbnbdr wbtc d hdkdzblj, eust td`j d knbhpsj dt tcj jmbtorbdn mjsarbptbol bl tcj hjmbd `bt. ]cjl, bmjltbfy tcj hdkdzblj adtjkorbjs froh QYMQ tcdt ijst hdtac tcj mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, dlm kjokrdpcba acdrdatjrbstbas of d irdlm. Dlm fflldnny fflldnny,, mo d aohpdrdtbvj dldnysbs. Ydl` jdac puinbadtbol. Mjtjrhblj wcbac oljs mjnbvjr tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj wbtc tcj nowjst aost pjr tcousdlm. Dlotcjr bhportdlt aolsbmjrdtbol bs tcj luhijr of pdkjs wbtcbl d hdkdzblj. Bf tcjrj drj too hdly dmvjrtbsjhjlts, tcj dttrdatbvjljss to tcj rjdmjr bs rjmuajm. ]oo hdly dmvjrtbsjhjlts dnso rjprjsjlt „anuttjr‘ to dl dmvjrtbsjr. ]cbs bs adnnjm tcj jmbtorbdn-to-dmvjrtbsblk rdtbo, wcbac bs tcj luhijr of jmbtorbdn pdkjs mbvbmjm iy tcj luhijr of pdkjs of dmvjrtbsblk. Ljvjr iuy d hdkdzblj wbtc d now rdtbo. ]cj totdn abraundtbol of dly hdkdzblj bs aohposjm of tcrjj pdrts5 suisarbptbols, suisarbptb ols, sblknj aopy sdnjs, dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, aohpnbhjltdry aopbjs. Dlludn suisarbptbols drj tcj ijst blmbadtbol tcdt pjopnj drj bltjrjstjm bl rjajbvblk d hdkdzblj. ]cjy cdvj pdbm holjy bl dmvdlaj, or rjkundrny, to rjajbvj bt, dlm bf sdtbsffljm, wbnn aoltbluj to hdbltdbl tcjbr suisarbptbol. ]cjrj drj hdly otcjr hdkdzbljs tcdt mjpjlm ol bhpunsj iuyblk ljwsstdlms, kroajry storjs, mruk storjs, dlm otcjrdkjlabjs outnjts. Dlm fflldnny,, tcjrj fflldnny drj dt frjj aopbjs kbvjl to pjopnj wco wor` dt dmvjrtbsblk dlm aorpordtbols aorpordtbo ls or aopbjs tcdt drj kbvjl dwdy dt scows, spjabdn jvjlts, or usjm ds pdrt of d hjmbd prohotbol. Dl blmjpjlmjlt orkdlbzdtbol, tcj Dumbt Iurjdu of Abraundtbol (DIA), vjrbffljs tcj daaurday of jvjry hdkdzblj‒s puinbscjm luhijrs tcroukc blmustry rjports. ]cbs blforhdtbol blanumjs tcj abraundtbol abraundtbol iy wjj`, holtc, dlm jvjl tcj t cj luhijr of aopbjs sonm wbtcbl jdac stdtj, or hdeor abty. Iut, ijwdrj of tcj tjrh „pdssdnolk‘ rjdmjrscbp. ]cbs bs lot dl dumbtjm abraundtbol luhijr. Bt rjprjsjlts tcj luhijr of pjopnj, otcjr tcdl tcj orbkbldn suisarbijr, wco hbkct cdvj adsudnny pba`jm up tcj hdkdzblj0 for jxdhpnj, dt d moator‒s offflaj, cjdntc spd, or jvjl your ljbkcior wco iorrowjm your aopy to rjdm murblk tcj wjj`jlm. Wdss-dnolk

4:7

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

rjdmjrscbp bs lot tcj abraundtbol. Dlm sblaj dmvjrtbsblk rdtjs drj idsjm ol tcj luhijr of pjopnj, stdy dwdy froh rjdmjrs pjr aopy. aopy.

Ljwspdpjr Dmvjrtbsblk Ijforj Ardbksnbst  wds   wds bltromuajm, you hbkct cdvj pndajm d andssbffljm dmvjrtbsjhjlt bl d ljwspdpjr ljwspdpjr.. Hdyij you wdltjm to sjnn sohjtcblk. Or Or,, pjrcdps, you wjrj noo`blk for d usjm adr. Or, Or, you wjrj jvjl j vjl noo`blk dt dpdrthjlt rjltdns. ]cdt wds tcjl, iut low tcjrj drj pnjlty of mbkbtdn dntjrldtbvjs. Bt wdsl‒t dnwdys tcdt wdy. Cbstorbadnny Cbstorbadnn y, diout olj-tcbrm of ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlmbturjs bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs wjrj for andssbffljm dmvjrtbsblk. Noadn rjtdbn dmvjrtbsblk rjprjsjltjm diout cdnf of tcj totdn wbtc ldtboldn dmvjrtbsblk njss tcdl 97%. Iut, tcj tbhjs cdvj ijjl acdlkblk. Dlm, vjry fdst. Qblaj ljwspdpjrs fflrst dppjdrjm bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs, tcjbr pcysbadn ndyout cds ijjl idsjm ol d sjrbjs of vjrtbadn aonuhls tcdt hjdsurjm dlywcjrj froh 4 blac to 4 ¸ blacjs wbmj. Cowjvjr, Cowjvj r, tcj luhijr of aonuhls dlm tcj jxdat wbmtc of jdac aonuhl vdrbjm froh ljwspdpjr to ljwspdpjr. Ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs jlaourdkjm tcj blmustry to dmopt d ulbforh sbzblk systjh, tcj Qtdlmdrm Dmvjrtbsblk Zlbt (QDZ), tcdt dt njdst hblbhbzjm tcj proinjh. Cowjvjr, murblk tcj pdst sjvjrdn yjdrs, hdly ljwspdpjrs cdvj datudnny rjmuajm tcj ovjrdnn sbzj dlm wbmtc to aolsjrvj pdpjr dlm rjmuaj aosts. Jssjltbdnny, tcj jltbrj ljwspdpjr pdkj bs mbvbmjm blto d luhijr of squdrjs or rjatdlknjs, jdac rjprjsjltblk tcj pcysbadn sbzj of tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Luhijrs drj dssbkljm dlm tcjl usjm to bmjltbfy tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt dlm to jstdinbsc bts aost. Qblaj tcj prbajs wbnn vdry iy ljwspdpjr idsjm ol abraundtbol, jdac ljwspdpjr cds to ij acja`jm blmjpjlmjltny. ]cj hdeorbty of ljwspdpjrs bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs drj noadn, iut tcj hjtroponbtdl hdr`jts mohbldtj tcj dmvjrtbsblk wbtc tcjbr aovjrdkj dlm jxpjlmbturjs froh irdlm dmvjrtbsjrs. Ldtboldn ljwspdpjrs cdvj d ndrkj abraundtbol, iut stbnn adllot aohpjtj luhijrs dlm wbtcabraundtbol tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk. ]cbs bs dnso hjmbd wbtc mjanblblkbl popundrbty muj to mbkbtdn hjmbd. Blddmmbtbol, tcjrdpbmny profflnj for tcj dvjrdkj ljwspdpjr rjdmjr bs onmjr dlm lot dnwdys ds mjsbrdinj ds dntjrldtbvjs. Bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs, tcjrj drj olny two sbklbffladlt ldtboldn ljwspdpjrs. ]cj fflrst, ZQD ]omdy , bs d aolsuhjr-orbjltjm ljwspdpjr tcdt rjdacjs horj tcdl 9.9 hbnnbol pjopnj pjr mdy, dlm tcj sjaolm bs ]cj  [dnn Qtrjjt Eourldn, d iusbljssorbjltjm puinbadtbol puinbadt bol wbtc diout 9.= hbnnbol rjdmjrs pjr mdy. Qurprbsblkny, ]cj [dnn Qtrjjt Eourldn bs lot tcj ndrkjst iusbljss ljwspdpjr ljwspdpj r bl tcj wornm. ]cj Edpdl  Edpdl Jaolohba  Eourldn, puinbscjm bl Edpdl, cds d mdbny abraundtbol abraundtbol of ovjr 1 hbnnbol aopbjs. Ds you wounm jxpjat, tcj abtbjs wbtc tcj ndrkjst popundtbols dnso cdvj tcj ljwspdpjrs wbtc tcj krjdtjst abraundtbol. For jxdhpnj, tcj mdbny abraundtbol of ]cj Ljw Ror` ]bhjs, tcj Acbadko ]rbiulj, dlm ]cj [dscblktol Wost  drj  drj stbnn ndrkj,

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ACDW]JY

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DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

iut scrbl`blk fdst. Jvjrytcblk bs hovblk to mbkbtdn. Quiuridl puinbadtbols drj d horj bhportdlt pdrt of ljwspdpjr hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk. Dlm, jvjryolj cds d aohhulbty ljwspdpjr. ljwspdpjr. Lo hdttjr wcjrj you nbvj, tcjrj bs olj bl your abty, towl, or vbnndkj. For tcjsj shdnnjr pdpjrs, tcj rdtjs drj now dlm dfformdinj for rjtdbn dmvjrtbsjrs. Ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsblk aohjs bl tcrjj forhdts5 mbspndy, andssbffljm, dlm prjprbltjm blsjrts. Mbspndy dmvjrtbsblk bs vjry sbhbndr to hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsblk, wcbnj andssbffljm dmvjrtbsblk bs idsbadnny d sblknj aonuhl of worms wbtcout dly pbaturjs or bnnustrdtbols. Wrj-prbltjm blsjrts drj dmvjrtbsblk hdtjrbdns, suac ds adtdnoks, iroacurjs, or sblknj pdkjs, tcdt drj lot froh tcj ljwspdpjr. ]cj host aohhol prj-prbltjm blsjrts drj aoupol pda`dkjs, adnnjm frjjstdlmblk blsjrts (FQBs). Eust td`j d noo` dt dly Qulmdy ljwspdpjr to mbsaovjr tcdt d not of sdnjs prohotbol jxbsts bl tcbs hjmbuh. Host of tcj prbltjm pdpjr aoupols drj mjnbvjrjm wbtc tcjsj noadn FQBs. Ljwspdpjrs cdvj d prbablk struaturj idsjm ol fflxjm-sbzj mbhjlsbols for jdac dmvjrtbsjhjlt. ]cjy drj adnnjm Qtdlmdrm Dmvjrtbsblk Zlbts (QDZ) dlm rdlkj bl sbzj froh d funn pdkj to d shdnn olj-blac squdrj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Bl dnn, tcjrj drj fflfty-jbkct mbffjrjlt optbols. Jdac QDZ cds d prbaj idsjm ol tcj abraundtbol of tcj ljwspdpjr. ]cbs bs d vdst bhprovjhjlt ovjr prjvbous yjdrs wcjl jdac ljwspdpjr cdm d mbffjrjlt sbzj dlm pdkj mbhjlsbol. Bhdkblj tcj mbffflaunty of pndablk dms bl :7, ;:, or 477 mbffjrjlt hdr`jts. ]cj QDZ wds d ljajssdry dlm ljjmjm hjtcom. Host ljwspdpjrs cdvj d aoltrdat rdtj. ]cbs bs d prbaj idsjm ol dlludn vonuhj wbtc d hblbhuh aohhbthjlt. Bf tcj dmvjrtbsjr mojs lot hjjt tcj hblbhuh, tcjy drj acdrkjm d „scort rdtj‘ or dl jxtrd dhoult pjr dmvjrtbsjhjlt to irblk jxpjlmbturjs up to tcj aoltrdat rjqubrjhjlt. ]cjrj drj dnso sjvjrdn otcjr surprbsjs. Ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs pdy horj tcdl noadn dmvjrtbsjrs. [cy? [c y? ]cj ljwspdpjr kjts d cbkc vonuhj of dms froh noadn aohpdlbjs, iut olny dl oaadsboldn dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk froh ldtboldn irdlms. Dlm, tcj rjkundr adsc ﬉ow froh bt, noadn vjryljwspdpjrs, bhportdlt. rjstdurdlts pdy njss for tcjbr [ounm you ijnbjvj iutdms bl bs sohj dmvjrtbsblk tcdl adr mjdnjrs. [cy? ]cjrj drj pnjlty of adr mjdnjr dms. Host nb`jny, nb`jny, jvjry mjdnjrscbp mjdnjr scbp bl towl cds dl dlludn aoltrdat dlm bs kjttblk d vonuhj mbsaoult. Cowjvjr, sohj promuat adtjkorbjs, suac ds rjstdurdlts or anotcblk storjs, hbkct ij rjnuatdlt to dmvjrtbsj. Qo, to stbhundtj iusbljssjs tcdt mo lot dmvjrtbsj ol d rjkundr sacjmunj, ljwspdpjrs offjr spjabdn blajltbvjs ds pdrt of d prohotbol. [cdt diout d rjtdbnjr tcdt cds olny olj storj noadtbol? Bt mojsl‒t hd`j sjlsj to dmvjrtbsj bl d ljwspdpjr wbtc too ndrkj d pcysbadn drjd. Cowjvjr, ndrkj hjtroponbtdl ljwspdpjrs offjr jxajnnjlt kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol. ]cj abraundtbol bs mbvbmjm blto sjpdrdtj pdrts of tcj abty. ]cjsj drj adnnjm abty zoljs. Host ljwspdpjrs cdvj ijtwjjl sbx dlm jbkct mbffjrjlt zoljs, iut tcjrj adl ij ds hdly ds

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twjnvj. ]cus, rjtdbn dmvjrtbsjrs mo lot cdvj to pdy jxtrd holjy to rjdac pjopnj wco hdy ljvjr scop bl tcjbr drjd. ]cj abraundtbol bs njss, iut so bs tcj prbaj of dmvjrtbsblk. Ljwspdpjrs drj dnso orkdlbzjm blto sjatbols. ]cjrj bs tcj sports sjatbol, iusbljss sjatbol, foom sjatbol, jltjrtdblhjlt sjatbol, trdvjn sjatbol, rjdn jstdtj sjatbol, dutohotbvj sjatbol, dlm hdbl jmbtorbdn sjatbol. ]cbs bs krjdt for nbfjstynj dlm psyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol, iut dly dmvjrtbsjr bs stbnn koblk to cdvj to pdy for tcj aost of tcj jltbrj abraundtbol of tcj ljwspdpjr. Dmvjrtbsjrs dnwdys rjqujst d pdrtbaundr sjatbol, iut tcj ljwspdpjr mojs lot kudrdltjj bt wbnn ij tcjrj. ]cjrj drj four typjs of posbtbol pndajhjlts5 rul-of-prjss, prjfjrrjm sjatbol, ljxt to rjdmblk hdttjr, dlm funn posbtbol. ]cj njdst jxpjlsbvj bs YOW, or rul-ofprjss. Bl tcbs sbtudtbol, tcj ljwspdpjr mjabmjs wcjrj dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt wbnn dppjdr. ]cj dmvjrtbsjr cds lo acobaj, iut kjts d nowjr prbaj. Dlotcjr pndajhjlt optbol bs ljxt to rjdmblk hdtjrbdn, wcbac blsurjs tcdt dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt bs noadtjm anosj to wrbttjl aoltjlt rdtcjr tcdl dmvjrtbsblk ol tcj sdhj pdkj. ]cj fflldn pndajhjlt adtjkory bs d funn posbtbol, wcbac blvonvjs spjabfyblk d prjabsj noadtbol, suac ds tcj top rbkct aorljr or bl tcj ajltjr of tcj pdkj. Bf dl dmvjrtbsjr wdlts to blsurj d funn posbtbol, tcjl tcj aost wbnn ij dt njdst 9:% cbkcjr tcdl tcj lorhdn rdtjs.

]jnjvbsbol Dmvjrtbsblk [cjl you iuy d adr, tcj dhoult ol tcj stba`jr bs ljvjr tcj prbaj you pdy. Iut, cow mo you `low bf you spjlt too huac? Copjfunny, you mbm sohj noo`blk droulm, iut tcdt bs oftjl lot jloukc. Bl tjnjvbsbol hjmbd, prbablk bs idsjm ol dumbjlaj sbzj dlm aohposbtbol, pnus suppny dlm mjhdlm fdators, wcbac rjsunts bl d aohpnbadtjm forhund. Dlm, ds wbtc dnn hjmbd, tcj ndrkjr tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj, tcj cbkcjr tcj prbaj for dmvjrtbsblk. Iut, prbajs drj idsjm ol tcj „jstbhdtjm‘ dumbjlaj sbzjs, dlm Qo, lottcdt tcj datudn ]cdt ljvjr `lowl for ultbn dftjrljkotbdtbols, tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt cds dppjdrjm. njdvjssbzj. pnjlty ofbsopportulbtbjs prbaj sblaj you drj mjdnblk wbtc dl ulajrtdbl outaohj. Bt bs d lorhdn dlm jxpjatjm pdrt of puracdsblk tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk. ]jnjvbsbol rdtblks poblts drj usjm to jstbhdtj tcj dumbjlaj sbzj. ]cjy drj idsjm ol prjvbous vbjwblk cbstorbjs, tbhj pjrbom dvjrdkjs, dlm rjsunts aohpdrjm to sbhbndr prokrdhs. ]cj cbkcjr tcj rdtblk, tcj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of pjopnj rjdacjm iy tcj prokrdh or stdtbol. D rdtblk poblt bs jssjltbdnny jqudn to 4 pjrajlt of d hjdsurjhjlt luhijr. For jxdhpnj, d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh wbtc 49 rdtblk poblts bs tcjorjtbadnny rjdacblk 49% of tcj popundtbol. Iut, tcjrj drj tcrjj `blms of rdtblk poblts5 cousjconms, pjopnj, or d tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Jdac rdtblk poblt jhpcdsbzjs d horj spjabffla dumbjlaj adtjkory. For jxdhpnj, d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh tcdt cds

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DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

jbkct „tdrkjt‘ „tdrkjt ‘ rdtblk poblts rjprjsjlts rjprjsjlt s diout 3% of hjl dkjm 43 to 1= yjdrs wbtcbl d kjokrdpcba drjd. Ydtblk poblts drj dmmbtbvj. ]cdt hjdls tcdt you adl daauhundtj rdtblk poblts to mjtjrhblj cow hdly cousjconms, pjopnj, or hjhijrs of d tdrkjt dumbjlaj cdvj cdm tcj opportulbty to vbjw your dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs. For jxdhpnj, bf d prokrdh ol Holmdy cds 47 rdtblk poblts, d ]ujsmdy prokrdh cds 49 poblts dlm d Frbmdy prokrdh 43 poblts, tcjl tcj totdn luhijr of poblts for tcj wjj` wbnn ij 17. Cowjvjr, rjdac luhijrs adllot ij dmmjm tokjtcjr, ijadusj tcjy drj mjtjrhbljm iy tcj totdn luhijr of mbffjrjlt, or ulmupnbadtjm, pjopnj tcdt cdvj ijjl jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj. ]cj dkkrjkdtjm luhijrs drj rjfjrrjm to ds kross rdtblk poblts, or KYWs. ]cbs bs dlotcjr bhportdlt luhijr tcdt bs usjm bl hjmbd pndllblk. Qblaj rjdac dlm frjqujlay adl ij huntbpnbjm tokjtcjr to kjt KYWs, tcj totdn dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk adl ij jstbhdtjm, dlm bl tcjsj sbtudtbols, usjm ds d pndllblk toon for hjmbd adhpdbkls. ]cj aost pjr rdtblk poblt (AWW) bs dlotcjr pndllblk hjtcom for tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk. Bt bs adnaundtjm iy mbvbmblk tcj aost of olj aohhjrabdn, rjkdrmnjss of bts njlktc, iy tcj jstbhdtjm rdtblk poblts. For jxdhpnj, bf tcj prokrdh rdtblk wds 97 dlm tcj prbaj of tcj ]V aohhjrabdn wds $177,777, tcjl tcj AWW wounm ij $4:,777. ]cj AWW bs adnaundtjm to hd`j aohpdrbsols ijtwjjl hdr`jts, stdtbols, or mbffjrjlt prokrdhs. ]cj nowjr tcj AWW luhijr, tcj horj jffflabjlt bt ijaohjs bl rjdacblk d mjsbrjm tdrkjt dumbjlaj for d irdlm or aohpdly. ]omdy, tcj jltbrj prbablk systjh for tjnjvbsbol dmvjrtbsblk bs iubnt droulm sjnnblk d 17-sjaolm aohhjrabdn. Jdac tjnjvbsbol stdtbol cds dl dssorthjlt of scows wbtc d nbhbtjm dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk tbhj. ]cjsj drj adnnjm „bl-prokrdh‘ posbtbols. ]cjrj bs dnso aohhjrabdn tbhj prjajmblk or fonnowblk jdac scow, rjfjrrjm to ds „dmedajlabjs,‘ wcbac aost njss tcdl aohhjrabdns pndajm blsbmj d rjkundrny sacjmunjm prokrdh. ]jnjvbsbol stdtbols hdbltdbl dl blvjltory of dmvjrtbsblk opportulbtbjs, or dvdbndibnbtbjs („dvdbns‘), iut bt acdlkjs jvjry mdy. Qblaj tcj prblabpnjs of suppny dlm mjhdlm mbatdtj tcj prbablk struaturj, tcj aost of dmvjrtbsblk ol d pdrtbaundr scow, or tbhj pjrbom, adl ﬉uatudtj rdmbadnny. Bf dl dkjlay wdbts too nolk to hd`j d puracdsj, tcj dvdbndinj dmvjrtbsblk tbhj hbkct ij dnrjdmy sonm. ]cj sbtudtbol bs sbhbndr to tcj dbrnblj blmustry. Olny d fjw sjdts drj offjrjm dt spjabdn prbajs, dlm wcjl tcj suppny bs nbhbtjm, tcj prbajs ko up fdst. Iut, bf tcjrj drj too hdly jhpty sjdts, tcjl tcj prbajs mrop. Dt tcdt tbhj, sohj holjy bs ijttjr tcdl lo holjy. holjy. Ijsbmjs, bl tcj tjnjvbsbol blmustry, blmustry, ulusjm tbhj cds lo vdnuj. Noadn tjnjvbsbol stdtbols cdvj d horj aohpnjx sbtudtbol wbtc dmvjrtbsblk dvdbndibnbtbjs. Ldtboldn sdnjs rjprjsjltdtbvjs wbnn sjnn d pjrajltdkj of tcj tbhj murblk ljtwor` or sylmbadtjm prokrdhs. [cbnj tcj stdtbol rjajbvjs holjy for tcj puracdsj, tcjbr blvjltory bs dnso rjmuajm. ]cj opposbtj cdppjls wbtc sylmbadtjm, or idrtjrjm, tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs, wcjrj tcj noadn stdtbol owls host of tcj

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DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

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dvdbndinj blvjltory. ]cbs sbtudtbol oaaurs wcjl dl blmjpjlmjlt promuajr offjrs d tjnjvbsbol prokrdh to d noadn stdtbol dt lo aost, bl jxacdlkj for tcj rbkcts to sjnn tcjbr owl dmvjrtbsblk tbhj.

Ydmbo Dmvjrtbsblk Ydmbo bs horj of d noadn dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. Bt offjrs rjtdbnjrs, shdnn iusbljssjs, dlm jltrjprjljurs dl jxajnnjlt, now-aost opportulbty to rjdac tcjbr mjsbrjm dumbjlajs dumbjlajs.. Bt bs huac njss jxpjlsbvj tcdl tjnjvbsbol, ijadusj tcjrj drj fjwjr pjopnj rjdacjm iy tcbs hjmbuh. [cy bs tcbs? Olj of tcj hdeor rjdsols bs tcdt tcjrj drj so hdly mbffjrjlt rdmbo stdtbols bl jvjry hdr`jt. ]cbs arjdtjs d cbkcny frdkhjltjm popundtbol, dlm ds d rjsunt, fjw stdtbols adl dacbjvj ndrkj nbstjlblk dumbjlajs. Cowjvjr, tcbs bltjlsj aohpjtbtbol offjrs dl dmvdltdkj. Ydmbo adl aolljat wbtc bts nbstjljrs idsjm ol nbfjstynj, jtclbabty, dlm pjrsoldn bltjrjsts. For jxdhpnj, tcjrj drj rdmbo stdtbols wbtc olny husba, tdn`, sports, rjnbkbous, ponbtbadn, aohjmy, aohjmy, jmuadtboldn, or ljws prokrdhs. Adnnjm forhdts, tcjsj drj dl jxajnnjlt wdy to usj psyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol to rjdac d mjsbrjm dumbjlaj. [cdt typj of stdtbol mo you nbstjl to?  Eust rjhjhijr, rjhjhijr, sjnjatblk d rdmbo stdtbol for d irdlm bs eust nb`j sjnjatblk dly otcjr hjmbd”bt aohjs froh dldnyzblk mjhokrdpcba profflnjs dlm dmvjrtbsblk prbajs. Lot pjrsoldn tdstjs, or ibdsjm prjfjrjlaj, olny mjabsbols hdmj froh hjmbd jffflabjlabjs dlm aohhulbadtbol oiejatbvjs. ]cj stdlmdrm rdmbo aohhjrabdn bs 67 sjaolms bl njlktc. ]cj otcjr optbols drj 17 sjaolms dlm 47 sjaolms, iut tcjrj bs d prbaj pjldnty for jdac olj. D 17 sjaolm rdmbo dm adl aost ds huac ds ;:% of d 67-sjaolm olj. Dlm, d 47-sjaolm dm aosts diout :7% of d funn hblutj. ]cbs cds ijjl tcj trdmbtboldn pdttjrl, iut wdtac njlktcs acdlkj ds horj mbkbtdn dumbo strjdhblk rjpndajs irodmadst rdmbo. Ijsbmjs, nolkjr aohhjrabdns kbvj dmvjrtbsjrs d ijttjr opportulbty to tjnn tcjbr irdlm story, story, dlm arjdtj d horj ldturdn nbstjlblk jxpjrbjlaj, lot dl jlmnjss ﬉ow of dms. Ydmbo prbajs drj aohputjm froh tcj sbzj of tcj nbstjlblk dumbjlaj. ]cbs mjpjlms ol tcj tbhj of mdy, or bl tcj ndlkudkj of hjmbd, tcj mdypdrt. D rdmbo mdy bs mbvbmjm blto fflvj mdypdrts5 horlblk mrbvj, dftjrlool, jvjlblk mrbvj, ndtj jvjlblk, dlm ovjrlbkct. ]cjrj bs dnso d tbhj pjrbom, tcj wjj`jlm. Mdypdrt tbhjs hbkct vdry iy stdtbol, iut tcjy drj rjndtbvjny aolsbstjlt. Jdac mdypdrt offjrs dl opportulbty to rjdac mbffjrjlt nbstjljrs, dlm d hbxturj of mjhokrdpcbas. For jxdhpnj, mrbvj tbhjs dnwdys rjdac tcj ndrkjst luhijr of pjopnj, jspjabdnny tcosj koblk to wor`, wcbnj tcj dftjrlool dttrdats dl dumbjlaj wbtc d cbkcjr pjrajltdkj of fjhdnjs or rjtbrjm pjopnj. pjop nj. Olj of tcj wdys rdmbo stdtbols blmbadtj tcj sbzj of tcjbr dumbjlaj bs tcj dvjrdkj qudrtjr cour, or DTC. Qblaj pjopnj drj dnwdys „tulblk bl‘ dlm „tulblk out‘ d pdrtbaundr stdtbol, d aolsbstjlt hjdsurjhjlt bs mbffflaunt. Bf tcbs nbstjlblk ijcdvbor

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DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

wds put ol d krdpc, bt wounm rjsjhinj rjs jhinj d ronnjraodstjr. ]cj DTC sonvjs tcbs proinjh iy acja`blk tcj luhijrs dt njdst jvjry 4: hblutjs. ]cbs bs lot molj iy tcj stdtbol, iut iy dl blmjpjlmjlt rjsjdrac orkdlbzdtbol. ]cj rjsunt bs d huac ijttjr jstbhdtj of tcj „dvjrdkj‘ sbzj of dl dumbjlaj for jdac stdtbol ovjr d fflxjm pjrbom of tbhj. Dlotcjr tjrhblonoky tcdt bs usjm iy rdmbo stdtbols bs tcj „auhj‘ or auhundtbvj dumbjlaj. ]cbs bs vjry sbhbndr to tcj „ulmupnbadtjm‘ dumbjlaj hjdsurjhjlts of d hdkdzblj, or idsbadnny hjmbd rjdac. ]cj aolajpt wds arjdtjm to mjholstrdtj cow rdmbo stdtbols adl dkkrjkdtj ndrkjr dumbjlajs, dnolk wbtc suistdltbdn frjqujlay njvjns. ]cbs jxpndbls tcj cbkcjr luhijr of totdn bhprjssbols wcjl dl jxtjlmjm rdmbo dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl usjs huntbpnj noadn stdtbols. Fbldnny, rdmbo stdtbols offjr d spjabdn prbaj dvjrdkblk pda`dkj for dmvjrtbsjrs. Bt aohibljs tcj host mjsbrdinj, iut host jxpjlsbvj, tbhj pjrboms, wbtc homjrdtj or now-aost dntjrldtbvjs, dlm bs adnnjm tcj ]otdn Dumbjlaj Wndl (]DW). Bt provbmjs dmvjrtbsjrs wbtc tcrjj bhportdlt ijljfflts. Fbrst, bt kudrdltjjs jxposurj murblk tcj cbkcjst dumbjlaj nbstjlblk pjrboms. Qjaolm, bt hdxbhbzjs rjdac wbtcbl d kjokrdpcba drjd. Dlm, tcbrm, tcj tc j dvjrdkj prbaj pjr aohhjrabdn bs mrdhdtbadnny rjmuajm. Fortuldtjny, arjdtblk dmvjrtbsblk aohhjrabdns for rdmbo bs fdst, jdsy, dlm bljxpjlsbvj. Qblaj tcj irdlm hjssdkj bs prbhdrbny aopy, aopy, pjrcdps wbtc sohj husba or d fjw soulm jffjats, tcj datudn tjaclbadn promuatbol adl ij aohpnjtjm bl d fjw cours, or njss. Dlm wbtc mbkbtdn tjaclonoky tjaclonoky,, jvjrytcblk adl ij molj olnblj, jvjl wbtc nbvj dlloulajrs or prj-rjaormjm dumbo pda`dkjs.

Outmoor Dmvjrtbsblk Outmoor dmvjrtbsblk bs d strdlkj ldhj for d typj of dmvjrtbsblk, iut, cow jnsj adl you mjsarbij bt? Out-of-cohj bs d hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol opportulbty tcdt mjnbvjrs dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs to ndrkj kroups of pjopnj wcjl tcjy drj hovblk wbtcbl puinba pndajs. Outmoor dmvjrtbsblk aolsbsts of ibnniodrms, postjrs, mbspndys, dlm huntbpnj forhs of trdlsportdtbol. [cbnj tcbs hjmbd bs lot oftjl blanumjm bl Dmvjrtbsblk Wndls, bt stbnn offjrs d hjtcom of mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs dlm rjblforablk bhdkjs. Ibnniodrms drj wcdt you sjj wcjl wcj l you drj mrbvblk bl d iusy strjjt, strj jt, or jxprjsswdy. Bt‒s tcdt vjry ndrkj struaturj wbtc dl dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkj. Ibnniodrms, or postjrs ds tcjy drj sohjtbhjs adnnjm, adl ij hdmj of pdpjr, pndstba, or jvjl pdbltjm ol tcj sbmj of d iubnmblk. [cjl you puracdsj outmoor, outmoor, tcj sbzjs drj andssbffljm ds 17 scjjt, 46 scjjt, or 3 scjjt. ]cj tjrh „scjjt‘ rjfjrs rj fjrs to tcj trdmbtboldn hjtcom of datudnny pdstblk blmbvbmudn scjjts of pdpjr tcdt cdvj ijjl prjvbousny prbltjm. ]omdy, pndstba or dlotcjr aovjrblk bs usjm tcdt ndsts for d nolk tbhj, rjpromuajs ijttjr, dlm bs jdsbjr to blstdnn ol tcj ibnniodrm.

4:6

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

Ibnniodrms drj aolsbmjrjm d sjhb-pjrhdljlt forh of dmvjrtbsblk. ]cbs bs ijadusj tcjy drj puracdsjm for jbtcjr tcrjj-, sbx-, or twjnvj-holtc pjrboms. Aoltrdats drj rjqubrjm dlm adllot jdsbny ij acdlkjm. ]cdt bs wcy you oftjl sjj ibnniodrms for ponbtbabdls, jvjlts, dlm fjstbvdns mbspndyjm for d nolk tbhj dftjr tcjy drj ovjr. Zltbn mbkbtdn vjrsbols adhj dnolk, wjj`ny, holtcny ibnniodrms wjrj bhpossbinj to puracdsj. ]omdy, mbkbtdn ibnniodrms drj acdlkjm mdbny, dlm jvjl iy tcj cour. Outmoor dmvjrtbsblk spdaj bs sonm to dkjlabjs, or aohpdlbjs, daaormblk to tcj luhijr of „scowblks.‘ ]cbs bs idsjm ol tcj pjrajltdkj of ibnniodrms droulm dl jltbrj abty or hjtroponbtdl drjd. Qcowblks drj typbadnny sonm bl ulbts of 9:, :7, ;:, dlm 477. ]cbs blmbadtjs wcdt tcj aovjrdkj wbnn ij for dl dmvjrtbsjr. For jxdhpnj, d 9: scowblk hjdls tcdt dt njdst 9:% of tcj pjopnj nbvblk bl tcj abty wbnn ij jxposjm to dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs froh tcbs ibnniodrm aohpdly. ]cjrj bs dnso tcj optbol to puracdsj blmbvbmudn ibnniodrms bl cbkc-trdfffla drjds wbtc jxajnnjlt vbsbibnbty.. ]cbs typj of ibnniodrm bs jxpjlsbvj dlm usudnny rjqubrjs d two- or tcrjjvbsbibnbty yjdr dmvjrtbsblk aoltrdat. Otcjr forhs of outmoor dmvjrtbsblk blanumj tcj untrd-ndrkj vjrsbols, suac ds d  Euhio]rol  Euhio] rol sarjjl, or hoibnj trua`s wbtc jnjatrolba hjssdkjs. Wortdinj sbkldkj dlm ibnniodrms drj koom hjtcoms for mbspndyblk irdlm hjssdkjs dt puinba jvjlts wbtc ndrkj arowms. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj dmvjrtbsblk ffllms you. Dlm fflldnny, scoppblk hdnns drj opportulbtbjs for mjnbvjrblk irdlm hjssdkjs to potjltbdn iuyjrs wbtc mbkbtdn mbspndys. ]cbs adl ij pdrtbaundrny jffjatbvj blsbmj ndrkj mjpdrthjlt storjs. ]rdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk blanumjs dly mbspndys or bhdkjs dt noadtbols wbtc trdbls, pndljs, iusjs, tdxbs, or suiwdys. ]cj dmvjrtbsblk hdtjrbdns drj sbhbndr to outmoor dmvjrtbsblk, iut shdnnjr bl sbzj wbtc mbffjrjlt scdpjs dlm dppnbadtbols. Bl dmmbtbol to postjrs dlm sbkls, tcjrj drj dnso dmvjrtbsblk opportulbtbjs wbtc ius scjntjrs, blforhdtbol iodrms, wdbtblk drjds, puinba anoa`s, dlm bltjrdatbvj mbkbtdn mbspndys. ]cjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt possbibnbtbjs, iut tcosj dvdbndinj wbnn vdry iy noadtbol. ]cj aost of trdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk mjpjlms ol tcj luhijr of pjopnj jbtcjr pdssblk iy or ljdr tcj drjd. ]cbs blanumjs pdssjlkjrs, pjmjstrbdls, or adsudn oisjrvjrs. Ds d rjsunt, trdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk bs aolsbmjrjm d cbkc-frjqujlay hjmbuh. ]cj rjdac mjpjlms ol tcj pndajhjlt of tcj dmvjrtbsblk, iut bl host mdbny trdlsbt jlvbrolhjlts, tcj hdxbhuh luhijr bs dacbjvjm vjry quba`ny. ]cbs rjsunts bl d ndrkj luhijr of bhprjssbols, bhprjssbols , ijadusj tcj sdhj dumbjlaj bs dmmjm to tcj tc j totdn jvjry mdy. ]cj arjdtbvj acdnnjlkj for ibnniodrms bs dmdptblk tcj irdlm hjssdkj for dl jxtrjhjny ndrkj mbspndy drjd. ]cbs hjdls tcj luhijr of worms dlm sbzj of tcj njttjrs hust ij jqudnny ndrkj. Host dkjlabjs prjfjr cjdmnbljs of fflvj to sjvjl worms, or njss, wbtcout iomy i omy aopy. aopy. Wnus, tcjy prjfjr prjfj r olny d sblknj krdpcba or pcotokrdpc, dlm lot d aonnjatbol of sjvjrdn pcotos. D ibnniodrm scounm ljvjr noo` nb`j d hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Bt bs too mbffflaunt to rjdm dt :: hbnjs pjr cour0 tcbl` diout bt.

4:;

 

ACDW]JY

3

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

Quhhdry ]cj hjmbd pndllblk ayanj ijkbls wbtc hjmbd oiejatbvjs, fonnowjm iy iumkjt dnnoadtbols, hjmbd rjsjdrac, dumbjlaj sjnjatbol, jffflabjlay dldnysbs, prbaj ljkotbdtbols, hjmbd aoltrdats, sprjdmscjjt suhhdrbjs, dmvjrtbsblk sacjmunblk, dlm pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjhjlts. ]jnjvbsbol bs tcj host aost-jffflabjlt hjmbuh ijadusj bt rjdacjs vjry ndrkj luhijrs of pjopnj, iut tcj dmvjrtbsblk aosts drj jxajptboldnny cbkc. Hdkdzbljs drj dl jxajnnjlt hjmbd for sjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs, jspjabdnny nbfjstynj, pjrsoldn bltjrjsts, dlm spjabdnbzjm mjhokrdpcbas. Ydmbo bs d vjry ﬉jxbinj noadn hjmbd, dlm bt bs rjndtbvjny bljxpjlsbvj wbtc cbkc frjqujlay njvjns. Ljwspdpjrs drj dnso d noadn hjmbd ijadusj of tcjbr jxtjlsbvj kjokrdpcba aovjrdkj, iut drj lot vjry aost jffflabjlt for wjnn mjfflljm tdrkjt dumbjlajs. Outmoor dlm trdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk bs prbhdrbny for ndrkj hjtroponbtdl drjds wbtc mjlsj popundtbols dlm pjopnj wco aohhutj to wor` jvjry jvjr y mdy. ]jnjvbsbol dlm rdmbo drj ljkotbdinj for dmvjrtbsblk prbajs, wcbnj hdkdzbljs dlm ljwspdpjrs drj lot. Hjmbd aohpdlbjs offjr huntbpnj mbsaoults to dmvjrtbsjrs idsjm ol tcj vonuhj of dmvjrtbsblk sacjmunjm murblk d adnjlmdr yjdr, iut tcj mbsaoult dhoult vdrbjs iy hjmbd. Hjmbd prbajs aorrjspolm to dumbjlaj sbzj0 tcj ndrkjr tcj dumbjlaj, tcj cbkcjr tcj prbaj of dmvjrtbsblk.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Adllol, C. H., & Nblmd, K. (4239). Ijyolm hjmbd bhpjrdtbvjs5 Kjomjhokrdpcba hjmbd sjnjatbol. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, 99(1), 14‑16. Ardbk, A. Q., & Kcosc, D. (4221). Zsblk cousjconm-njvjn vbjwblk mdtd to hdxbhbzj jffjatbvj rjdac. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, 11(4), 13‑=;. M‒Dhbao, ]. F. (4222). Hdkdzbljs‒ sjarjt wjdpol5 Hjmbd sjnjatbol ol tcj idsbs of ijcdvbor, ds opposjm to mjhokrdpcy.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 12(6), :1‑67. Fox, E. (4232). Arjdtblk d hdr`jtblk pndl tcdt wor`s5 ]cj jbkct idsba jnjhjlts. Dppnbjm  Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, 92(9), :;‑:2. Funkolb, K. H. (974:). Bs tcj KYW rjdnny mjdm bl d aross-pndtforh jaosystjh? [cy tcj kross rdtblk poblt hjtrba scounm tcrbvj bl tomdy‒s frdkhjltjm frdkhjltjm hjmbd wornm. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(=), 1:3‑164. Koomrbac, [. [. I., & Qbssors, E. U. (9774). Hjmbd Wndll Wndllblk blk [or`io or`ioo` o`, :tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`5 LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Hdrtèl-Qdltdld, E.,M., Yjbldrjs-Ndrd, J., & Yjbldrjs-Ndrd, W. (974:). Jffjatbvjljss of dmvjrtbsblk forhdts bl tjnjvbsbol. Bltjrldtboldn Eourldn of Bltjrljt Hdr`jtblk dlm  Dmvjrtbsblk , 2(9), 3:‑479. Lowd`, K. E., Adhjrol, K. ]., ]., & @rukhdl, M. H. (4221). Cow noadn dmvjrtbsjrs acoosj dlm usj dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac Yj sjdrac, 11(6), 12‑=2.

4:3

 

DMVJY]BQBLK ADHWDBKLQ

ACDW]JY

3

Lybndsy, K., @blk, @. [., & Yjbm, N. L. (9744). Acja`blk tcj punsj of prblt hjmbd5 Fbfty yjdrs of ljwspdpjr dlm hdkdzblj dmvjrtbsblk rjsjdrac.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :4(4), 46;‑4;:. Yuiblsol, E. (9772). Jhpbrbadn jvbmjlaj of ]V dmvjrtbsblk jffjatbvjljss.   Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =2(9), 997‑996. Qacunijrk, W., & Qacunijrk, W. (4226).  Ydmbo Dmvjrtbsblk. Ljw Ror`, LR5 L]A Iusbljss Ioo`s (HaKrdw-Cbnn). Qhbtc, E. D., Ioynj, I., & Adllol, C. H. (9747). Qurvjy-idsjm tdrkjtblk ffllj-tuljs tjnjvbsbol hjmbd pndllblk5 D adsj for daaurday dlm aost jffflabjlay.   Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :7(=), =92‑=12. Qurhdlj`, E. (9774).  Bltromuatbol to Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd5 Yjsjdrac, Wndllblk, dlm Iuyblk . Ljw Ror`, LR5 L]A Iusbljss Ioo`s. Qurhdlj`, E. (977=). Dmvjrtbsblk Hjmbd D to U5 ]cj ]cj Mjffllbtbvj Yjsouraj for Hjmbd Hjmbd Wndllblk,  Iuyblk, dlm Yjsjdrac. Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Roulk, D. (974=).  Irdlm Hjmbd Qtrdtjky5 Bltjkrdtjm Aohhulbadtbols Wndllblk bl tcj Mbkbtdn  Jrd. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk.

4:2

 

2 Qdnjs Wrohotbol  Wrohotbol  Qtrdtjkbjs Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o dppny rjsjdrac for sdnjs prohotboldn pndllblk

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]o rjaohhjlm spjabffla sdnjs prohotboldn strdtjkbjs

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]o outnblj prokrdh aosts, aohpnjxbtbjs, dlm BHA ijljfflts

•

•

]o eustbfy dmvjrtbsblk support for prohotboldn datbvbtbjs ]o hjdsurj tcj jffjatbvjljss of d prohotboldn prokrdh

Bltromuatbol  Bt cds lotcblk to mo wbtc irdlm ijljfflts or aohpjtbtbvj dmvdltdkjs. Qdnjs Qdn js prohotbol bs dnn diout stbhundtblk dl bhhjmbdtj puracdsj wbtc fflldlabdn rjwdrms, pjrsoldn rjaoklbtbol, dlm otcjr mjsbrdinj blajltbvjs. Qdnjs prohotbol adl ij horj bhportdlt tcdl dmvjrtbsblk. [cy? Ijadusj bt

bs d vjry promuatbvj dlm hjdsurdinj BHA strdtjky. Iy offjrblk fflldlabdn dlm otcjr blajltbvjs, prohotjrs hotbvdtj pjopnj to iuy promuats dlm sjrvbajs. Lot tohorrow, tohorrow, iut tomdy tomdy.. ]cjbr puracdsj mjabsbols drj daajnjrdtjm wbtc vdnudinj offjrs, suac ds aoupols, frjj kbfts, dlm jxtrd promuats. Dlm, austohjr rjaoklbtbol dlm noydnty rjwdrm prokrdhs iubnm dlm strjlktcjl austohjr rjndtbolscbps ovjr pjrboms of tbhj. ]cbs acdptjr wbnn kbvj you d ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of tcj vdrbjty of hjtcoms, aosts, dlm acdnnjlkjs dssoabdtjm wbtc sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs. Bt wbnn dnso jxpndbl cow prohotboldn strdtjkbjs drj usjm to support otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs dlm jvjlts. Cowjvjr, tcj bhdkj of d irdlm hust dnwdys ij hdbltdbljm dlm tcj sdnjs prohotbol strdtjky hust aolforh to BHA arjdtbvj dlm hjmbd strdtjkbjs.

464

 

ACDW]JY

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

[cdt Bs Qdnjs Wr W rohotbol? Lo. ]cbs bs lot d trba` qujstbol, iut d cbkcny rjnjvdlt sjpdrdtbol ijtwjjl tcj fulatbol of dmvjrtbsblk dlm otcjr BHA adtjkorbjs. ]cj jdsbjst wdy to mjsarbij sdnjs prohotbol bs5 „dly jvjlt, datbvbty, or hjssdkj tcdt hotbvdtjs dl blmbvbmudn to puracdsj d promuat or sjrvbaj idsjm ol blajltbvjs tcdt drj lot mbrjatny rjndtjm to irdlm ijljfflts, pcysbadn acdrdatjrbstbas, or usjr jxpjrbjlajs.‘ ]cbs adl ij jxprjssjm iy dlotcjr pcrdsj5 „dly bhportdlt rjdsol to iuy d promuat tcdt bs disonutjny sjpdrdtj froh tcj vdnuj proposbtbol of tcj t cj irdlm, bts hdr`jt posbtbolblk, or pjrajbvjm bhdkj.‘ Cjrj bs d horj mjtdbnjm jxpndldtbol5 D irdlm ijljfflt bs d rjdn or pjrajbvjm dttrbiutj of d promuat or sjrvbaj tcdt rjsunts bl usjr sdtbsfdatbol. ]cbs adl ij dssoabdtjm wbtc d pcysbadn acdrdatjrbstba, bhpnbjm psyaconokbadn vdnuj, or usjr jxpjrbjlaj. For jxdhpnj, iuyblk iuy blk d ajrtdbl irdlm of tootcpdstj adl prohbsj you wcbtjr tjjtc (irdlm ijljfflt), wcbac cds d aohibldtbol of jffjatbvj blkrjmbjlts blkrj mbjlts (pcysbadn acdrdatjrbstbas) wbtc tcj bhpnbjm psyaconokbadn vdnuj of dttrdatbvjljss, aolfflmjlaj, cjdntc, cdppbljss, dlm vbsudn dppjdn to otcjrs. Dmvjrtbsblk tjlms to foaus ol tcj proajss of aohhulbadtblk irdlm vdnuj dlm usjr ijljfflts, wcbnj prohotbols usudnny aolajltrdtj ol tcj bhhjmbdtj stbhundtbol of sdnjs. Otcjr forhs of BHA adl mo jbtcjr, iut host fdvor supportblk tcj idsba irdlm proposbtbol bl d aolsbstjlt dlm prjmbatdinj pdttjrl. Cowjvjr, bt bs jssjltbdn to mjnbvjr hjssdkjs to potjltbdn iuyjrs tcdt mo lot aol﬉bat, aolfusj, or rjmbrjat tcj posbtbolblk of tcj irdlm iy tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt dlm tcj irdlm pjrsold arjdtjm iy prjvbous blvjsthjlts bl dmvjrtbsblk dlm rjndtjm BHA hjmbd pndtforhs. Aohpdrjm to dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbols adl kjljrdnny ij mjsarbijm ds5 scort tjrh, sdnjs-orbjltjm, prbaj sdvblk, mjsbrdinj, dlm jdsy to hjdsurj. [cbnj dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd adhpdbkls drj sacjmunjm for wjj`s dlm holtcs, prohotbol prokrdhs drj nbhbtjm to mdys or jvjl cours. Wrohotbol datbvbtbjs drj dnhost dnwdys scort tjrh, jhpcdsbzblk d spjabffla rjdsol to iuy low or offjrblk d fflldlabdn blajltbvj. ]cbs sdnjs orbjltdtbol bs tcj opposbtj of irdlm-bhdkj iubnmblk tcdt bs dssoabdtjm wbtc trdmbtboldn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk. Wrohotbols drj dnso horj mjsbrdinj to aolsuhjrs ijadusj tcj vdnuj bs anjdrny jxpndbljm dlm dvdbndinj olny for d scort pjrbom of tbhj. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, prohotbols drj huac jdsbjr to hjdsurj dlm qudltbfy tcdl dmvjrtbsblk, dmvjrtbsbl k, sblaj tcjy dnwdys blvonvj dl dibnbty to aoult jdac dlm jvjry puracdsj. [btc dmvjrtbsblk, dmvjrtbsb lk, rjsunts drj idsjm ol d aohibldtbol of otcjr fdators, dnolk wbtc wbt c d snow, snow, krdmudn blarjdsj of irdlm ldhj dwdrjljss ovjr tbhj. ]cj mbstblkubscblk acdrdatjrbstba of host prohotbols bs tcdt tcj datbvbty or jvjlt cds d vjry nbhbtjm tbhj pjrbom. ]cbs arjdtjs d sjlsj of urkjlay wbtcbl tcj hblm of d potjltbdn iuyjr to dat fdst, dlm iuy low. Bl sohj adsjs, tcj dhoult of tbhj bs jxpnbabt, suac ds „offjr jlms ol Qulmdy,‘ or bhpnbabt5 „dat sool wcbnj suppnbjs ndst.‘ Oftjl, tcjrj drj spjabffla jxpbrdtbol jxpbrdt bol mdtjs, ds wbtc aoupols or rjidtjs tcdt drj blanumjm bl prbltjm hdtjrbdns or otcjr forhs of dmvjrtbsblk or BHA

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

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support. ]cj host bhportdlt acdrdatjrbstba of dl BHA prohotbol bs bts blcjrjlt dibnbty to bhhjmbdtjny hjdsurj pjrforhdlaj. Qblaj tcj rjsunts drj mbrjatny aolljatjm to sdnjs, wjisbtj vbsbts, or datbvbty dt d rjtdbn noadtbol, tcj suaajss of d prohotbol adl ij jdsbny hjdsurjm dlm jvdnudtjm. ]cj rjsuntblk qudltbtdtbvj luhijrs adl ij quba`ny aohpdrjm dkdblst tcj prjvbousny mjtjrhbljm oiejatbvjs to jstdinbsc suaajss or fdbnurj. ]cbs bs d vjry ijljfflabdn dlm cjnpfun mjabsbolhd`blk toon for dly jxjautbvj or hdldkjr wco bs rjspolsbinj for rjturl ol prohotbol fulms blvjstjm. Qjvjl hdr`jtblk acdnnjlkjs drj dssoabdtjm wbtc mjsbklblk, bhpnjhjltblk, dlm hjdsurblk jdac BHA prohotbol. ]cjy blanumj tcj fonnowblk5 anjdrny mjfflljm oiejatbvjs wbtc spjabffla luhijrs, aohpdtbibnbty wbtc irdlm bhdkj or posbtbolblk, pjrajbvjm vdnuj dlm mjsbrdibnbty of tcj offjr, jffjatbvj hjmbd mjnbvjry of prohotboldn hjssdkj, aohpnjxbty dlm aost of bhpnjhjltdtbol, prokrdh, ulmjrstdlmblk, daajptdlaj, dlm support iy rjtdbnjrs, dlm fflldnny d arbtjrbd for hjdsurblk suaajss. ]cbs bs d prjtty koom acja`nbst for blsurblk d suaajssfun, wjnn-rul prohotbol, iut tcjrj drj hdly otcjr fdators blvonvjm, jspjabdnny wbtc mbffjrjlt adtjkorbjs dlm typjs. Cowjvjr, tcj host arbtbadn bs tcj aost of d prohotbol, ijadusj tcjrj drj cbkcny daaurdtj wdys to jvdnudtj bts suaajss dlm proejatjm rjturl ol blvjsthjlt.

Vdnuj of d Wrohotbol ]cjrj bs olny olj sbhpnj runj5 tcj aost of d prohotbol scounm ij njss tcdl tcj blarjhjltdn sdnjs dlm profflt kjljrdtjm, ulnjss tcj datbvbty bs olny nbhbtjm to d aohpjtbtbvj rjspolsj to nowjr prbajs or ljw irdlm bltromuatbols.

 Njlktc of d Wrohotbol Wrohotbol Cow nolk scounm d prohotbol rul? Bt adl ij dlywcjrj froh d fjw cours to sjvjrdn sjv jrdn holtcs. ]cj jxdat dhoult of tbhj bs idsjm ol tcj aohpdly‒s ljjm to stbhundtj dl bhhjmbdtj rjspolsj. ]cbs adl ij aolljatjm to jxajss blvjltory of d promuat, mjanblblk profflts, mjarjdsblk luhijr of scoppjrs, or tcj urkjlay to dacbjvj d prjmjtjrhbljm sdnjs quotd. For d rjtdbn kroajry storj, d prohotbol hbkct ij for tcj wjj`jlm, wcbnj for d adr mjdnjrscbp, bt aounm ndst for d holtc. Host prohotbols drj adnjlmdr-mrbvjl, fjdturblk wjj`ny, mdbny, holtcny, or qudrtjrny jvjlts. ]cjrj bs dnso tcj rbsblk pcjlohjlol of ﬉dsc sdnjs. ]cbs bs olj of tcj ijst strdtjkbjs for olnblj hdr`jtblk. Qpjabdn prbajs or offjrs adl ij hdmj dt dly tbhj wbtc d hblbhuh ljjm for pndllblk. ]cj tbhj nbhbt adl ij d fjw cours, or mdys, iut lo dmvdlajm wdrlblk bs kbvjl to potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cosj wco drj dnrjdmy bltjrjstjm bl tcj promuat or sjrvbaj drj forajm to mjabmj dlm td`j datbol. Otcjrs wco drj bl tcj hbmmnj of d „sjdrac proajss‘ hbkct ij stbhundtjm to iuy or dt njdst sjrbousny aolsbmjr tcj irdlm murblk tcjbr ljxt scoppblk dmvjlturj.

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

 Dvdbndinj  Dv dbndinj Fulmblk  Wrohotbols hbkct ij frjj for scoppjrs, iut lot for tcj aohpdlbjs hd`blk dl offjr. Jdac prohotbol prokrdh cds d luhijr of mbffjrjlt aosts blvonvjm wbtc bts pndllblk, bhpnjhjltdtbol, dlm hdldkjhjlt. ]cjsj jxpjlsjs cdvj to ij adrjfunny jstbhdtjm, tcjl aohpdrjm to jxpjatjm blarjdsjs bl irdlm pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjm iy blarjdsjm sdnjs, profflts, or hdr`jt scdrj. [cbnj d prohotboldn aolajpt hbkct ij cbkcny arjdtbvj dlm dppjdnblk, bt hust ij pdbm for usblk fulms froh BHA iumkjts. Ndtjr bl tcbs acdptjr, tcj hjtcoms usjm for jstbhdtblk prohotbol aosts wbnn ij rjvbjwjm, ds wjnn ds tjaclbqujs for hjdsurblk tcj jffjatbvjljss of d prokrdh.

Yjtdbn Daajptdibnbty  Ldtboldn or rjkboldn prohotbols ljjm jxtrd tbhj to blforh tcj irdlm‒ irdlm‒ss rjtdbn sdnjs foraj or mjdnjrs diout tcj mjtdbns, rjqubrjhjlts, dlm rjstrbatbols blvonvjm bl tcj prohotbol. ]cj mjsarbptbol of tcj prohotbol cds to kdbl suffflabjlt support to blsurj tcdt dnn blvonvjm `low wcdt bs koblk ol dlm drj rjdmy to bhpnjhjlt tcj offjr bl tcjbr storjs or noadtbols. Bt bs bhpjrdtbvj tcdt tcj acdlljn of mbstrbiutbol supports dlm ijnbjvjs bl tcj prohotbol, or tcj jltbrj prokrdh wbnn jxpjrbjlaj rjsbstdlaj dlm sbhpny fdbn.

Qjnjatblk Wrohotboldn Qtrdtjkbjs ]cjrj drj culmrjms of wdys to usj prohotbol to stbhundtj tcj bhhjmbdtj sdnj of d promuat or sjrvbaj, iut host aohpdlbjs usj olj of tcj strdtjkbjs scowl bl Fbkurj 2.4. 2.4. ]cjsj blanumj5 aoupols, sdhpnblk, prjhbuhs, noydnty prokrdhs,

Fbkurj 2.4 Adtjkorbjs of prohotbol strdtjkbjs

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

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swjjpstd`js, aoltjsts, IOKO, jxtrd dhoults, irdlm mjholstrdtbols, adsc ida`, iolus pda`s, scdrjm prokrdhs, noko hjracdlmbsj, dlm jxpjrbjlajs. Idsbadnny, dly datbol, offjr, or rjdsol tcdt hotbvdtjs d potjltbdn austohjr to puracdsj d promuat or sjrvbajs wbtcout blvonvblk irdlm ijljfflts bs aolsbmjrjm d prohotbol. Dkdbl, prohotbols mo lot blvonvj irdlm ijljfflts, promuat fjdturjs, or blforhdtbol diout wcdt bs ijblk sonm. Wrohotbols drj dnn diout iuyblk low ijadusj of fflldlabdn blajltbvjs or rjwdrms.

Aoupols  [co mojsl‒t usj aoupols? ]cjy provbmj dl brrjsbstbinj opportulbty to sdvj holjy. Dlm tcdt bs wcy aoupols drj tcj host frjqujltny usjm prohotboldn strdtjky to stbhundtj bhhjmbdtj sdnjs. ]cj blarjmbinj fdat bs tcdt horj tcdl 6 ibnnbol (yjs, tcdt‒s rbkct, ibnnbol) aoupols wjrj mbstrbiutjm iy hdlufdaturjrs dlm rjtdbnjrs daross tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs bl 9746. [cbnj hdly wjrj for sdvblk njss tcdl d monndr, aoupols adl ij arjdtjm bl dly sbzj dlm for dly dhoult. Mjnbvjrjm to your cohj, or olnblj, aoupols aoltbluj to ij d vjry mjsbrdinj aohhombty for scoppjrs scoppj rs dlm iuyjrs. ]cj aoupol blmustry bs spjabdn ijblk offjrs trdlsforhjm iy wjisbtjs mbkbtdn aoupols. Hoibnj hdr`jtblk dlm mowlnodmblk froh irdlm cds propjnnjm tcbs forh of tjaclonoky-idsjm prohotbols to ljw cjbkcts. Qblaj d mbkbtdn aoupol jnbhbldtjs tcj pdpjr rjmjhptbol proajss, bt bs fdstjr, acjdpjr, dlm sbhpnjr to bhpnjhjlt. Bt dnso sbklbffladltny rjmuajs frdum dlm hbsusj, ijadusj jdac aoupol bs ulbqujny dssbkljm to d ajnn pcolj, or cds d mbkbtdn jxpbrdtbol aomj tcdt adl olny ij usjm olaj. Dlm fflldnny, mbkbtdn aoupols drj supjrbor to pdpjr aoupols sblaj tcjy adl ij arjdtjm dlm mbstrbiutjm quba`ny olnblj, wbtcout prbltblk or trdmbtboldn hdbnblk aosts.

Qdhpnblk  Bf you drj wdn`blk iy d id`jry, acoaondtj storj, or hovbj tcjdtjr tcjdtj r wbtc popaorl, tcj drohd quba`ny kjts your dttjltbol. Dlm tdstblk d sdhpnj, wjnn, you drj rjdmy to iuy out tcj jltbrj storj. ]cj promuat frjqujltny sjnns btsjnf, or dt njdst kjts sohjolj to ij dwdrj of bts tdstj dlm acdrdatjrbstbas. ]cjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt `blms of sdhpnblk hjtcoms, blanumblk5 bl-storj, portdinj stdlms, postdn hdbn, cohj mjnbvjry, pda`dkj blsjrts, mbspndy tdinj, or mbkbtdn hjmbd. [cbnj dnn adl ij jffjatbvj, tcj jxdat hjtcom usjm mjpjlms upol tcj dhoult of holjy dnnoadtjm to tcj prohotbol, dhoult of tbhj rjqubrjm, qudltbtbjs iumkjtjm for sdhpnblk, luhijr of scoppjrs or pjopnj blvonvjm, dlm otcjr aost vdrbdinjs. Lot jvjryolj wco daajpts d sdhpnj wbnn nb`j bt. Or, wbnn puracdsj puracdsj bt. Iut, bf olny olj out of tjl pjopnj wco jxpjrbjlaj d sdhpnj iuys tcj irdlm, tcdt‒s jxajnnjlt.

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

Bf tcdt sdhj pjrajltdkj bs dppnbjm to d huac ndrkjr popundtbol, tcjl bt aounm

rjsunt bl hbnnbols of promuats sonm. Dlm, jvjl ol tcj noadn njvjn, sdhpnblk bs vjry vjr y proffltdinj. [cdt mojs bt aost to kbvj dwdy 4,777 sdhpnjs? Lot huac. Dlm cow huac profflt wds hdmj iy sjnnblk 477 pda`dkjs of d irdlm, or 47% of tcj totdn? Wnus, tcj otcjr 27% wjrj jxposjm to tcj irdlm ldhj murblk tcj t cj proajss. Or, tcjy too` d aoupol cohj wbtc tcjh. Hdyij tcjy mbml‒t iuy tomdy, iut wco `low wcdt wbnn cdppjl tohorrow? Qdhpnblk dnso bs tcj prjfjrrjm hjtcom for dpprodacblk fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs, ds d sjkhjltdtbol strdtjky, or to jlaourdkj irdlm swbtacblk froh aohpjtbtors. ]cbl` of tcj possbibnbtbjs. Kjttblk olj ljw noydn austohjr scounm ljvjr ij aolsbmjrjm ds olny olj puracdsj, iut hdly, ovjr d luhijr of yjdrs. Dlm, bf tcj irdlm bs ioukct frjqujltny, tcdt sdhj blmbvbmudn austohjr hbkct rjprjsjlt rj prjsjlt twjlty, tcbrty, tcbrty, or jvjl fflfty puracdsjs ovjr d nbfj tbhj wbtc tcj irdlm. Qdhpnblk cds ijjl droulm for d nolk tbhj, iut bs eust ds jffjatbvj ds bt wds 477 yjdrs dko. Iut, tomdy wj cdvj tcj Bltjrljt, dlm ljw adtjkorbjs of sdhpnblk hjtcoms, suac ds frjj mowlnodms of husba, kdhjs, or blforhdtbol. Dlotcjr popundr vdrbdtbol bs d 17 mdys lo-aost „trbdn pjrbom‘ dlm d frjj suisarbptbol or vbjwblk. Mbkbtdn tjaclonoky dlm hoibnj hdr`jtblk drj dnso opjlblk up d krjdt usj of promuat sdhpnblk ds d prohotboldn toon dlm bhportdlt BHA B HA strdtjky.

Wrjhbuhs  ]cbs prohotbol dnnows you to puracdsj spjabdn btjhs, adnnjm prjhbuhs, dt vjry now or suistdltbdnny rjmuajm aosts, iut olny bf you fflrst iuy tcj irdlm rullblk tcj prohotbol. Eust sjlm bl your holjy wbtc proof of puracdsj, dlm tcj aohpdly wbnn scbp tcj hjracdlmbsj mbrjatny to your cohj dmmrjss. Bt bs adnnjm d sjnfnbqubmdtblk prjhbuh ijadusj tcj prjhbuh btjh bs ijblk sonm dt bts datudn aost, dlm tcj irdlm spolsorblk tcj prohotbol mojs lot hd`j dly holjy froh bts sdnj. ]cj rdtboldnj prjsjltjm to tcj austohjr bs tcdt tcj opportulbty to iuy tcj hjracdlmbsj dt tcbs jxajptboldnny now prbaj bs hdmj possbinj olny tcroukc tcjh dlm lo olj jnsj.

 Noy  No ydnty Wrokrdhs  Wrokrdhs  [cbnj tcbs hjtcom of prohotbol bs usjm iy host hdeor irdlms, bt adl ij jxtrjhjny aostny dlm aohpnjx to bhpnjhjlt. ]cj rjwdrms cdvj to ij strolk jloukc to pjrsudmj austohjrs to aoltbluj to stdy wbtc tcjbr prjfjrrjm prjf jrrjm irdlm, iut lot mrdbl tcj fflldlabdn rjsourajs of d hdr`jtblk iumkjt. ]cj blajltbvjs adl rdlkj froh oitdblblk dmmbtboldn promuats or sjrvbajs for frjj, suac ds dbrnblj hbnjs, to sjnjatblk froh d adtjkory for kbfts dlm hjracdlmbsj. Bl rjajlt yjdrs, jvjryolj cds jxpjatjm to rjajbvj d rjwdrm for rjpuracdsblk d irdlm, wcbac ds d rjsunt cds hdmj tcjsj

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typjs of prokrdhs dl dutohdtba hdr`jtblk jxpjlsj dlm rjqubrjm pdrt of BHA

pndllblk.

Qwjjpstd`js  Jvjryolj wdlts to wbl d ibk prbzj, jspjabdnny wcjl bt aounm ij you. Qwjjpstd`js drj eust nb`j d nottjry, iut tcjy mo lot aost dlytcblk to jltjr. Dlm, wbllblk bs aohpnjtjny mjpjlmjlt ol rdlmoh acdlaj. ]cj acdnnjlkj for d aohpdly usblk swjjpstd`js bs sjnjatblk prbzjs tcdt dttrdat tcj dttjltbol of pjopnj dlm hotbvdtj tcjh to jltjr. ]cj btjh aounm ij jxtrjhjny jxpjlsbvj, nb`j d ljw adr or d trbp to Juropj, or eust d mjsbrdinj iut aostny promuat, suac ds dl Dppnj bWcolj. ]cj prbzj scounm hdtac tcj mjhokrdpcba dlm psyacokrdpcba profflnj of tcj irdlm‒s tdrkjt dumbjlaj. [cbnj swjjpstd`js cdvj dnwdys ijjl popundr bl hdr`jtblk, tcjrj cds ijjl d mrdhdtba blarjdsj bl tcj usj of wjisbtjs. Ijblk olnblj hd`js bt huac jdsbjr, jdsbjr, fdstjr, dlm horj jxabtblk to jltjr. Qblaj aoltjsts dnwdys rjqubrj blforhdtbol diout tcj pjrsol jltjrblk, tcbs bs dl jxajnnjlt wdy to quba`ny iubnm d ndrkj mdtdidsj of ldhjs. Bt bs krjdt for fonnow-up hdr`jtblk dlm arjdtblk jhdbn nbsts for futurj prohotbols.

Aoltjsts  ]cj prbhdry rjqubrjhjlt for d aoltjst bs tcdt d njvjn of s`bnn hust ij usjm ds pdrt of tcj jltry proajss. ]cbs adl rdlkj froh rjqubrblk aoltjstdlts to dlswjr vjry sbhpnj or jdsy qujstbols to sonvblk vjry aohpnjx puzznjs, or jvjl mrdwblk, wrbtblk, or td`blk pcotokrdpcs. ]cjrj bs dnwdys d pdljn of eumkjs, d sjt of runjs, dlm d nbhbtjm tbhj frdhj. Aoltjsts dnso provbmj dl jxajnnjlt puinbabty opportulbty wcjl tcj ldhjs of tcj wblljrs drj dlloulajm.

Iuy Olj, Kjt Olj IOKO (iuy olj, kjt olj) bs d vjry popundr prohotboldn strdtjky for kroajry storjs daross tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs. Bt bs jdsy for pjopnj to ulmjrstdlm dlm vjry sbhpnj to bhpnjhjlt. ]cj pjrajbvjm vdnuj bs jxtrjhjny cbkc for austohjrs sblaj bt provbmjs d vjry tdlkbinj dlm suistdltbdn dhoult of sdvblks. IOKOs irblk pjopnj blto storjs, dlm wcbnj scoppblk, tcjy spjlm dmmbtboldn holjy ol hdly otcjr btjhs. Iut bs bt d truj prohotbol, or d mbskubsjm prbablk strdtjky? IOKOs drj iotc. ]cj prbhdry rjdsol to hd`j d puracdsj bl d IOKO prohotbol bs d ndrkj rjmuatbol bl tcj aost of d sblknj btjh. Iut, tcbs cds lotcblk to mo wbtc tcj irdlm prohbsj or ijljfflt, ulnjss tcj posbtbolblk strdtjky bs tcj nowjst aost possbinj.

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

Yjtdbn storjs hust jstbhdtj tcj fflldlabdn rjsunt of tcj IOKO prohotbol froh

aohpnjtjny jnbhbldtblk tcj profflt froh tcj sdnj of d promuat, disoriblk tcj aost of tcj wconjsdnjr‒s sjnnblk prbaj to tcj storj, dlm tcj proportbol of dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlsj dnnoadtjm to tcj IOKO. ]cj blarjdsjm mdbny sdnjs luhijr for tcj storj bs fdatorjm blto tcjbr prohotboldn jqudtbol, dnolk wbtc dly jxtrd rjsuntblk profflts. Wda`dkj kooms aohpdlbjs adl ijljfflt froh d IOKO ijadusj bt rjmuajs tcjbr blvjltorbjs quba`ny dlm daajnjrdtjs adsc ﬉ow for tcj aohpdly. ]cbs typj of prohotbol dttrdats fflrst-tbhj iuyjrs, wco hbkct jleoy tcj irdlm jxpjrbjlaj dlm ijaohj frjqujlt rjpjdt puracdsjrs. Bt bs dnso d pnjdsblk dlm sdtbsfyblk rjwdrm to tcosj wco drj dnrjdmy noydn to d pdrtbaundr irdlm. [conjsdnjrs nb`j tcj IOKO too, ijadusj bt provbmjs tcj opportulbty to t o hovj ndrkjr vonuhjs of irdlmjm promuats tcoukc tcjbr owl mbstrbiutbol acdlljns dt d huac quba`jr rdtj. Dlm fflldnny, fflldnny, ndrkj acdbls or blmjpjlmjltny owljm storj ljtwor`s usj IOKOs for strdtjkba purposjs, suac ds to kdbl d aohpjtbtbvj dmvdltdkj bl tcjbr noadn hdr`jts or to dttrdat ljw austohjrs.

Jxtrd Dhoults  Dlotcjr popundr prohotbol strdtjky blvonvjs blarjdsblk jbtcjr tcj pcysbadn sbzj of tcj promuat or tcj pda`dkj, or tcj dhoult blsbmj. ]ypbadn blarjdsjs rdlkj froh dl jxtrd 47%, 9:%, up to =7%. Bt cds to ij suffflabjlt jloukc to dttrdat dttjltbol, iut lot ndrkj jloukc to mjstroy profflts. Qpjabdn pda`dkblk bs arjdtjm to fjdturj tcj blarjdsjm vdnuj, wcbac sjrvjs ds bts owl prohotbol hjssdkj. Dmmbtboldn stba`-ol ndijns, cdlkblk pda`dkj tdks, or shdnn scjnf sbkls drj otcjr popundr optbols for mbspndyblk tcj iolus fjdturj. Cds tcj sbzj of your aoo`bj scrul` sblaj you wjrj d acbnm? [cdt diout tcdt stba` of acjwblk kuh? Or, tcosj adlmy idrs? Rjs, bt bs truj. Hd`blk d promuat shdnnjr bl sbzj adl `jjp tcj rjtdbn sjnnblk prbaj mowl. ]cbs bs huac ijttjr tcdl rdbsblk tcj prbaj dlm nosblk austohjrs ijadusj tcjy tcbl` bt aosts too huac. ]cj sjarjt for tcj irdlm hdlufdaturjr bs to hd`j tcj pcysbadn rjmuatbol ndrkj jloukc to dacbjvj hjdlblkfun aost sdvblks, iut lot too vbsbinj or rjaoklbzdinj iy aolsuhjrs. Cjrj drj d fjw possbibnbtbjs to aolsbmjr. Aohpdrj tcj luhijr of oulajs ijtwjjl two adls of somd, irjd`fdst ajrjdn, or ndulmry mjtjrkjlt. [ounm you `low bf tcjrj wds 47% njss of jdac? ]cdt 3 oulajs adl hbkct ij tcj sdhj sbzj, iut aoltdbl olny ;.9 oulajs blsbmj. Dlm tcdt sodp pda`dkj cds olj blac njss of promuat blsbmj.

Irdlm Mjholstrdtbols  [cjl tdstblk or jxpjrbjlablk d promuat bs lot fjdsbinj, mjholstrdtj cow bt wor`s or wcjl bt bs usjm. ]cbs bs usudnny d nbvj datbol jvjlt, iut adl dnso ij scowl wbtc

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

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vbmjo ol d portdinj sarjjl. Nbvj mjholstrdtbols cdvj tcj dmvdltdkj of d rjdn-nbfj

sbhundtbol wbtc tcj opportulbty for scoppjrs to ds` qujstbols dlm try d fjw tcblks for tcjhsjnvjs. Vbmjo bs ijttjr wcjl d aolsbstjlt hjssdkj bs prjfjrrjm, dnolk wbtc d shootc, jrror-frjj mjholstrdtbol. Dnso, vbmjotdpj prjsjltdtbols drj huac njss jxpjlsbvj tcdl nbvj prjsjltjrs dlm drj dvdbndinj for vbjwblk ol d aoltbluous idsbs. Wromuat mjholstrdtbols drj pjrfjat for bltromuablk d ljw irdlm, kdtcjrblk fjjmida` froh scoppjrs, or tryblk tr yblk to stbhundtj bhhjmbdtj sdnjs.

Adsc Ida`  ]cbs typj of prohotbol stdrtjm bl tcj dutohotbvj blmustry dlm wds dl bhhjmbdtj suaajss. Qblaj tcj aost of d ljw adr, rjkdrmnjss of tcj homjn, wds jxtrjhjny cbkc dt tcdt tbhj aohpdrjm to otcjr promuats dlm sjrvbajs, d fflldlabdn „adsc ida`‘ blajltbvj of $4,777 or horj, dppjdnjm to jvjryolj. Otcjr blmustrbjs trbjm tcj sdhj rjidtj dpprodac dlm wjrj wj rj dnso suaajssfun. ]omdy, ]omdy, idl`s dlm arjmbt adrm aohpdlbjs drj tcj prjmohbldlt usjrs of adsc ida` iolusjs, ds wjnn ds noadn rjtdbnjrs. ]cj mbffflaunty of usblk d adsc ida` hjtcom, wcbac jssjltbdnny jssjlt bdnny blvonvjs rjidtjs, bs tcdt bt bs d aohpnbadtjm proajss, rjqubrblk tcj iuyjr to suihbt d proof of puracdsj, suac ds d ndijn froh tcj iox, pda`dkj, or pdpjr blsjrt, dnolk wbtc d aopy of tcj orbkbldn pdyhjlt rjajbpt. Bt hbkct td`j wjj`s to proajss dlm tcjrj bs lo jdsy wdy to trda` tcj stdtus of tcj rjidtj. ]cbs adl adusj frustrdtbol dlm mbssdtbsfdatbol wbtc tcj irdlm‒s prohotbol. Frjqujltny, jrrors drj hdmj iy tcj funfflnhjlt aohpdly rjspolsbinj for cdlmnblk tcj rjidtj, dlm surprbsblkny d ndrkj luhijr of scoppjrs mo lot iotcjr to andbh tcj adsc ida`, jbtcjr ijadusj tcjy forkot, or ijadusj tcjy eust tcrjw dwdy tcj proof of puracdsj. Ds d rjsunt, tcj ovjrdnn aost of d rjidtj prohotbol bs rjmuajm, iut so drj tcj luhijr of rjajlt puracdsjrs wco wbnn rjajbvj tcjbr prohbsjm rjidtj. Idl`s dlm arjmbt adrm aohpdlbjs oftjl cdvj cbmmjl dlm aolfusblk fjj drrdlkjhjlts wbtc hjracdlts wcbac jldinj tcjh to hd`j „Kroupol‘ typj offjrs wbtc tcjbr idl` austohjrs. Bs tcj idl` rjdnny kjttblk you d mjdn, or bs tcj rjtdbn storj or ldtboldn irdlm? ]cj souraj mojsl‒t hd`j dly mbffjrjlaj, ds nolk ds tcj vdnuj of tcj offjr bs mjsbrdinj dlm tcj jlm usjr bs sdtbsffljm wbtc tcj prohotbol. ]cj blbtbdn dppjdn of rjidtjs dlm adsc ida` offjrs cds mbhblbscjm ovjr tbhj, sblaj host austohjrs ijnbjvj bt bs horj of d mbsaoult, or prbaj rjmuatbol, wcbac you kjt dftjr you hd`j d puracdsj. Dlm dkdbl, tcj wdbtblk for d acja` or arjmbt arjmb t adl quba`ny ljkdtj tcj bhportdlaj of rjajbvblk prohotboldn holjy. Kjttblk holjy ida` bs dnwdys d vjry sdtbsfyblk jxpjrbjlaj. Bt fjjns nb`j frjj adsc, iut mol‒t ij foonjm. ]cj orbkbldn puracdsj prbaj of tcj promuat dnrjdmy blanumjm d provbsbol for rjturlblk d portbol of tcj aost ida` to tcj iuyjr. Jvjl wcjl tcdt fdat bs `lowl, d rjidtj stbnn cds tcj bhdkj of kjttblk sohjtcblk jxtrd. Hdyij, tcj psyaconokbadn dspjat of nowjrblk tcj fflldn puracdsj prbaj bs d powjrfun

462

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

hotbvdtbol to iuy LO[! For jxdhpnj, wcjl you drj dt Ijst Iuy, d $=:7 tjnjvbsbol

sarjjl tcdt offjrs d $477 rjidtj adl ij horj dttrdatbvj tcdl d sbhbndr promuat tcdt sjnns for olny $19:. Jvjl bf tcj qudnbty bs tcj sdhj, tcj rjidtj kjts your dttjltbol. Qo, wcjl pndllblk to usj tcbs prohotbol strdtjky, adrjfunny jxdhblj tcj rdlkj of rjtdbn prbajs for aohpjtbtbvj homjns, tcjl sjnjat d rjidtj dhoult tcdt adl nurj iuyjrs to noo` dt your irdlm. Bt cds to ij jloukc to hd`j d mbffjrjlaj to tcj aolsuhjr,, iut lot too huac to mbnutj profflts dlm sdnjs hdrkbls. [cdt bs tcj ijst aolsuhjr wdy to adnaundtj monndr dhoult foracdlljn d suaajssfun rjidtj? jdac promuat adtjkorytcj bs mbffjrjlt dlm jdac outnjt cds btsZlfortuldtjny, owl prbablk ponbay.

 Frjj ]rbdn  ]cbs bs frjqujltny usjm for olnblj prohotbols. ]ryblk d sjrvbaj or mowlnodmblk tcj softwdrj frjj for 17 mdys bs d vjry popundr hjtcom. Bt mojs lot aost tcj aohpdly dly holjy to hd`j tcj offjr of d frjj trbdn, iut tcj opportulbtbjs to adpturj ljw austohjrs drj jlorhous. Lo hdttjr wcdt tcj aolvjrsbol rdtj, tcbs hjtcom wor`s. ]d`j dly pjrajltdkj of pjopnj wco daajpt tcj trbdn, dlm tcj rjsunts drj koom. Ijst of dnn, bf blforhdtbol bs rjqubrjm to oitdbl tcj trbdn, tcjl bt adl ij usjm for fonnow-up hdr`jtblk for hdly holtcs. ]cj sdhj frjj trbdn offjrs wor` for pcysbadn promuats, iut tcj mbffjrjlaj bs tcdt dl datudn aost bs blvonvjm to provbmj tcj irdlm to tcj potjltbdn iuyjr. iuyjr.

Iolus Wda`s  Wuttblk d shdnn iox or dttdacblk d usjfun btjh to tcj orbkbldn pda`dkblk bs adnnjm d iolus pda`. Bt adl ij d sdhpnj of dlotcjr rjndtjm promuat, dl jxtjlsbol of tcj irdlm, or dl btjh tcdt rjndtjs to tcj utbnbzdtbol of tcj irdlm. Jxdhpnjs blanumj d frjj tootcirusc dttdacjm to d tuij of Arjst tootcpdstj, or d fobn squjjzj sdhpnj of cdbr aolmbtboljr for N‒Orâdn scdhpoo. Hdr`jtblk arjdtbvbty bs ulnbhbtjm for lol-rjndtjm iolus pda` btjhs, suac ds frjj MVMs, mbsaoult tba`jts, or sulkndssjs. ]cj olny rjstrbatbols drj tcj acdnnjlkjs of dttdacblk tcj btjh to tcj pda`dkj, ds wjnn ds tcj aost, bltjrfjrjlaj wbtc iun` scbppblk, dlm pcysbadnny mbspndyblk iolus pda`dkjs ol scjnf spdaj bl rjtdbn noadtbols. ]cj pjrajbvjm dppjdn of tcj btjh scounm mjtjrhblj bts sjnjatbol, jspjabdnny to tcj aorrjat hdr`jt sjkhjlts dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs.

Qcdrjm Wrokrdhs  Qjvjrdn mbffjrjlt aohpdlbjs adl wor` tokjtcjr to arjdtj d sblknj prohotbol jvjlt. For jxdhpnj, d swjjpstd`js aounm aoltdbl huntbpnj prbzjs, or d noydnty prokrdh aounm blvonvj rjwdrms fjdturblk hdly mbffjrjlt irdlms. Zsudnny, tcjrj bs d

4;7

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

pdrtljrscbp or d ao-prohotbol idsjm ol d hutudnny ijljfflabdn rjndtbolscbp.

HaMoldnms hbkct offjr d sjnf-nbqubmdtblk prjhbuh btjh froh d popundr hovbj, suac ds [olmjr [ohdl, wcbac prohotjs tcj fflnh dlm dnso dttrdats d ljw kjljrdkj ljrdtbol of fdst foom aolsuhjrs blto tcjbr rjstdurdlts. ]cj sblknj host bhportdlt rjdsol for pdrtbabpdtblk bl d ao-prohotbol bs scdrjm dmvjrtbsblk dmvjrtb sblk aosts. ]cbs rjmuajs tcj jxpjlsj blvonvjm for dly BHA iumkjt, iumkjt , dlm dt tcj sdhj tbhj, aolljats irdlms tokjtcjr bl ljw dlm mbffjrjlt homjs of nbfjstynj.

 Noko Hjracdlmbsj Hjracdlmbsj ]ypbadnny, dmvjrtbsblk spjabdntbjs drj kbvjl dwdy frjj to aolsuhjrs or iusbljssjs ds pdrt of d hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol prokrdh. D nbst aohpbnjm iy tcj t cj Dmvjrtbsblk Qpjabdnty Blstbtutj blanumjm horj tcdl 6:7,777 mbffjrjlt typjs of btjhs tcdt aounm ij usjm to prohotj d irdlm. For jxdhpnj, tcj host frjqujltny usjm btjhs blanumj ]-scbrts, aoffjj huks, idsjidnn cdts, uhirjnnds, lotjpdms, mrbl`blk aups, dlm jvjl shdnn ZQI mrbvjs. Ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs oftjl usj d luhijr of btjhs murblk tcj bltromuatbol of d ljw dmvjrtbsblk tcjhj or adhpdbkl. Noadn iusbljssjs nb`j to usj spjabdnty btjhs to `jjp tcjbr ldhj bl frolt of jxbstblk austohjrs. For jxdhpnj, d frjj adnjlmdr, `jyacdbl, or tcj ohlbprjsjlt pjl adl ij offjrjm. Cowjvjr, tcjrj drj hdly irdlm ldhjs tcdt datudnny sjnn hjracdlmbsj wbtc tcjbr noko bhprbltjm ds pdrt of d hdr`jtblk strdtjky to iubnm aolsuhjr noydnty. ]cjsj promuats drj offjrjm olnblj, bl adtdnoks, dlm drj sohjtbhjs sonm dt jvjlts, jxcbibts, dlm otcjr noadtbols. ]cj ijljfflt bs tcdt „bmjltbfyblk‘ wbtc d pdrtbaundr irdlm bs d hdttjr of pjrsoldn prbmj dlm dssoabdtbol wbtc d nbfjstynj bhdkj. For jxdhpnj, tcj orbkbldn sports utbnbty vjcbanj, Ejjp, cds d wbmj dssorthjlt of anotcblk, jqubphjlt, dlm otcjr hjracdlmbsj, blanumblk d wor`blk hblbdturj vjrsbol of d Ejjp for acbnmrjl.

Jxpjrbjlajs  Qohj tcblks holjy adl‒t iuy, dlm tcbs typj of prohotbol td`js dmvdltdkj of tcdt pjrajptbol, jspjabdnny dholk tcj cbkcjr blaohj dlm nuxury sjkhjlts. [cbnj you adl iuy dl jxpjlsbvj Yonjx wdtac, you hbkct lot ij dinj to cdvj mblljr wbtc your fdvorbtj hovbj stdr or d prbvdtj pdrty wbtc d sports cjro. Hd`blk tcbs typj of drrdlkjhjlt td`js horj tcdl d pbnj of adsc, dlm hdy lot dnwdys ij possbinj. Iut, aorpordtbols wco drj blvonvjm wbtc jltjrtdblhjlt aohpdlbjs, suac ds HKH dlm DIA tjnjvbsbol tjnjv bsbol or footidnn tjdhs bl tcj LFN, adl hd`j dnhost dlytcblk cdppjl. Zpwdrmny hoibnj iuyjrs drj dnso jdsbny nurjm iy prohotbols tcdt fjdturj ljw jxpjrbjlajs. Bt provbmjs tcjh wbtc d „tdn`blk poblt‘ wbtc tcjbr dssoabdtjs dt wor`, ljbkciors, dlm otcjr pjopnj bl tcjbr anosj abranj of frbjlms. Olaj dkdbl, hd`blk

4;4

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

dlm spjlmblk holjy adl adusj mbhblbscblk rjturls bl sdtbsfdatbol. Yjajbvblk

dl jxpjrbjlaj, ds d rjwdrm for puracdsblk d irdlm, rjdnny fflts blto tcj nbfjstynj of blmbvbmudns wco wdlt to scowadsj tcjbr blaohj dlm suaajss. Cowjvjr, tcj jxabtjhjlt of rjajbvblk d prj-drrdlkjm jxpjrbjlaj ds pdrt of d irdlm prohotbol bs irodmjr dlm horj bltrbadtj. Bl d aunturj of blstdlt krdtbffladtbol dlm olnblj daajss to jvjrytcblk, promuats dlm sjrvbajs drj prjtty jdsy to daqubrj. Wjopnj wdlt horj tcdl eust hdtjrbdn tcblks. ]cjy wdlt sohjtcblk tcdt tcjy cdvj ljvjr jlaoultjrjm ijforj or wdlt to try ds dl dmvjlturj. Datbvbtbjs dlm jvjlts tcdt stbhundtj tcjbr hblms dlm stbr jhotbols drj top of tcj nbst, dnolk wbtc njdrlblk d ljw s`bnn, nb`j pdbltblk, sblkblk, kdrmjlblk, `dyd`blk, or `ba`ioxblk. Dnso, dly jxpjrbjlaj tcdt adl ij scdrjm wbtc otcjrs, suac ds fdhbny or frbjlms, bs dttrdatbvj. ]cj Hbnnjllbdns drj tcj host rjspolsbvj kroup. ]cbs kjljrdtbol novjs to mbsaovjr ljw tcblks, jxpjrbhjlt wbtc tjaclonoky, dlm scdrj jvjrytcblk ol soabdn hjmbd. ]cjy drj dnso pdrt of dl jhjrkblk aunturj tcdt wounm rdtcjr rjlt tcdl owl promuats dlm sjrvbajs, ds jvbmjlajm iy tcj krowblk popundrbty of Zijr dlm otcjr upstdrts. Jxpjrbjlajs of jvjry `blm drj tcj hdkljts tcdt dttrdat tcbs arowm, iut puttblk tcj prokrdh tokjtcjr, tokjtcjr, dlm kjttblk tcj aoltjlt out tcjrj tcroukc tcj rbkct hjmbd acdlljn, bs oftjl horj mbffflaunt tcdl drrdlkblk tcj prohotboldn jxpjrbjlaj. jxpj rbjlaj.

Qdnjs Wrohotbol Oiejatbv Oiej atbvjs js ]cj spjabffla prohotbol prokrdh scounm cdvj bts owl hjdsurjhjlt hjtcom. ]cbs wbnn ij mbffjrjlt for jdac typj of strdtjky sjnjatjm for d prohotbol. Qjvjrdn possbibnbtbjs drj scowl bl Fbkurj 2.9. 2.9. For jxdhpnj, aoupols prokrdhs adl ij jvdnudtjm iy tcj rjmjhptbol rdtj, wcbac bs tcj pjrajltdkj of aoupols datudnny

Fbkurj 2.9 Wrohotbol kodns iy adtjkory

4;9

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

rjmjjhjm aohpdrjm to tcj luhijr prbltjm or mbstrbiutjm mbkbtdnny. Or, d irdlm

swjjpstd`js aounm ij hjdsurjm iy tcj luhijr of jltrbjs, jspjabdnny froh kjokrdpcba drjds or dholk tdrkjtjm mjhokrdpcba kroups. ]cj iottoh nblj bs tcdt tcj luhijr of sdnjs bs lot tcj ijst hjdsurjhjlt of tcj prohotbol, iut bs d sbklbffladlt fdator to aolsbmjr. Wrohotbol oiejatbvjs drj aolljatjm to tcosj hjtrbas tcdt rjndtj to tcj strdtjky strdtjk y sjnjatjm, ijadusj hdly otcjr fdators adl bl﬉ujlaj tcj sdnj of d promuat or sjrvbaj.

Adnaundtblk Adnaun dtblk tcj Vdnuj Vdnuj ]cj totdn vdnuj of d prohotbol bs d adnaundtbol of blarjhjltdn sdnjs or profflts hblus aosts. [cbnj tcj sdnjs luhijrs drj jdsy to bmjltbfy, tcj aosts drj horj mbffflaunt. Fbrst, tcjrj bs tcj datudn aost of tcj prokrdh. Ljxt, tcjrj bs tcj dmvjrtbsblk ljjmjm to support tcj prohotbol, wcbac adl aost ds huac ds tcj prokrdh btsjnf, or jvjl horj., Dlm fflldnny tcjrj bs tcj dmhblbstrdtbvj support. ]cbs adl ij dlytcblk froh dkjlay fjjs for arjdtblk tcj prokrdh to outsbmj sjrvbajs to hdldkj bts bhpnjhjltdtbol. Ijforj d arjdtbvj aolajpt bs dpprovjm for dly prohotbol, tcjrj hust ij dl jstbhdtj of tcj aosts blvonvjm, tcj dhoult of holjy tcdt wbnn ij td`jl froh jdac BHA iumkjt adtjkory dlm tcj spjabffla dnnoadtbol of fulms for blmbvbmudn pdrts of tcj prohotbol. Bl Fbkurj Bl  Fbkurj 2.1, 2.1, tcj hjtcom of jstbhdtblk tcj t cj vdnuj of d prohotbol bs mbspndyjm. For jltrjprjljurs, shdnn iusbljssjs, dlm lol-profflt orkdlbzdtbols, tcjsj mjabsbols drj rjndtbvjny quba`, sbhpnj, dlm jdsy. Iut, ndrkjr aorpordtbols cdvj dl dpprovdn proajss blvonvblk hdldkjrs bl mbffjrjlt mjpdrthjlts. ]cj ljxt qujstbol5 [co pdys for bt? ]cjrj drj sjpdrdtj aorpordtj mjpdrthjlts for Wrohotbol, Dmvjrtbsblk, Wuinba Yjndtbols, Hdr`jtblk, dlm Qdnjs. Qohjtbhjs, tcjy wor` anosjny tokjtcjr, wcbnj otcjr tbhjs tcjrj bs mbsdkrjjhjlt diout wco bs rjspolsbinj for jdac pdrt

Fbkurj 2.1 Jstbhdtblk vdnuj of prohotbols

4;1

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

of tcj prohotbol. Jvjltudnny, sohjolj‒s iumkjt wbnn blanumj dnn or d rjdsoldinj

pdrt of tcj totdn jxpjlsjs for tcj prohotbol prokrdh. Bf d sblknj mjpdrthjlt bs bl acdrkj, jvjrytcblk bs horj aoormbldtjm. Cowjvjr, wcjljvjr huntbpnj BHA datbvbtbjs drj blvonvjm, tcj Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjr usudnny bs tcj njdmjr of tcj prohotbol dlm provbmjs mbrjatbol to jvjryolj blvonvjm. ]cj fflldn qujstbol5 Cow bs tcj holjy spjlt? ]cj mjtdbns of d prohotbol drj dnwdys d acdnnjlkj. Dt tcbs njvjn, bt bs dnn diout hbaro-hdldkjhjlt dlm tbhblk. Qjnjatblk tcjofijst hjmbd wbtcbldumbjlaj dl dpprovjm iumkjt bs tcj host mbffflaunt pdrt tcj dmvjrtbsblk strdtjky. Qblaj tcj tdrkjt bs oftjl mbffjrjlt froh tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnj of tcj irdlm, tcj hdr`jt sjkhjlt wbtc tcj krjdtjst sjlsbtbvbty to prbaj bs usudnny sjnjatjm. ]cjbr prjvbous sjlsbtbvbty to nowjr prbajs dlm jxtrd vdnuj hd`js bt jdsbjr for d irdlm to quba`ny dlm jffjatbvjny kjljrdtj blarjhjltdn sdnjs. Cowjvjr, tcj noydnty fdator dlm rjpjdt puracdsj rdtj for tcbs pdrtbaundr sjkhjlt of aolsuhjrs bs rjndtbvjny now. now.

Vdnuj of Offjr  ]cj vdnuj of d prohotbol offjr blvonvjs tcrjj typjs of prbajs5 datudn, pjrajbvjm, dlm puinbscjm. ]cj datudn prbaj bs wcdt tcj hdlufdaturjr hdlufdaturjr,, wconjsdnjr, or rjtdbnjr cds to pdy for tcj btjh. ]cbs adl blanumj d vonuhj mbsaoult, wcbac nowjrs tcj aost pjr ulbt, or d rjmuajm bltjrldn prbaj tcdt jxanumjs profflt or hdr`-ups. Cjrj bs dl jxdhpnj5 tcj rjtdbn sjnnblk prbaj of d idk of aoffjj hbkct ij $6.22 (puinbscjm aost) iut tcj storj puracdsjs tcj idk dt d aost of $:.:7. ]cj hdlufdaturjr‒s aost bs olny $9.37. ]cjl, tcj prohotboldn aost bs adnaundtjm dt $9.37 (datudn aost), bf tcj profflt bs rjhovjm froh tcj sjnnblk prbaj. ]cj austohjr hbkct `low, `low, or tcbl`, tcdt tcj lorhdn aost of tcbs aoffjj bs $;.22 (pjrajbvjm aost) dlm tcdt tcbs prbaj bs tcj truj vdnuj of tcj prohotbol ijblk offjrjm to tcjh. Bl hdly adsjs, tcjrj bs nbttnj, bf dly, dmmbtboldn aost for tcj hdlufdaturjr, hdlufdaturjr, suac ds dl jxtrd dhoult of tcj promuat, or bl tcj adsj of d sjrvbaj, jxtrd tbhj dlm usdkj. For jxdhpnj, dl jhpty sjdt ol dl dbrpndlj or ulsonm cotjn rooh cds lo vdnuj bf tcj sjrvbaj cds lot ijjl puracdsjm, iut adl ij jffjatbvjny usjm bl d prohotbol. Dlm dlotcjr jxdhpnj bs bf d pda`dkj kooms aohpdly aohpdl y prohotjs dl jxtrd 97% horj ajrjdn bl bts pda`dkj or d aoltdbljr of kuh wbtc two t wo jxtrd stba`s. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj rjdsol to iuy tcj irdlm mojs rjndtj to tcj promuat aoltjlts, iut bs aolsbmjrjm to ij horj of d tjhpordry prohotbol tcdl d pjrhdljlt hdr`jtblk mjabsbol.

Qupport Hdtjrbdns  Woblt-of-sdnj bs tcj host bhportdlt dspjat of tcbs pcdsj of d prohotbol. Bt bs tcjrj to rjhblm, dlm jlaourdkj, scoppjrs to td`j bhhjmbdtj datbol. ]cbs adl blanumj d vdrbjty of prbltjm or vbmjo support hdtjrbdns, suac ds idlljrs, postjrs, sbkls,

4;=

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

cdlmouts, scjnf hdr`jrs, aoultjrtop adrms, dlm jnjatrolba bl-storj hjssdkblk.

]cjsj support hdtjrbdns cdvj tcjbr owl tbhj sacjmunj for prbltblk, mbstrbiutbol, dlm blstdnndtbol. Ds jxpjatjm, tcj hdtjrbdns hust drrbvj ijforj tcj prohotbol ijkbls dlm scounm cdvj blstruatbols diout wcjl to usj tcjh. Aoormbldtbol of mjnbvjry dlm tbhblk bs arbtbadn to support tcj dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs. Bf huntbpnj mjpdrthjlts drj blvonvjm for dpprovdns, tcjl jxtrd tbhj bs ljjmjm for d shootc dlm aohpnjtj ndulac of tcj prohotbol.

 Dkjlay Dmhblbstr Dmhblbstrdtbol dtbol Arjdtblk dlm dmhblbstrdtblk d prohotbol prokrdh bs rdrjny molj bltjrldnny, bltjrldnny, otcjr tcdl for shdnnjr aohpdlbjs or jltrjprjljurs. Outsbmj sjrvbaj dlm vjlmors wco spjabdnbzj bl prohotbol prokrdhs, jspjabdnny tcosj blvonvblk prjhbuhs wbtc funfflnhjlt adpdibnbtbjs dlm rjwdrm hjracdlmbsj, drj dvdbndinj bl jvjry hdr`jt. ]cjy drj usudnny pdbm ol d proejat aost idsbs, wcbac bs rjndtjm to tcj luhijr of cours blvonvjm dlm tcj aohpnjxbty of tcj prohotbol. Out-of-poa`jt jxpjlsjs drj tcj rjspolsbibnbty of d anbjlt aohpdly, ds wjnn ds trdvjn dlm rjndtjm datbvbtbjs. D prbaj quotj froh dl YFW (rjqujst for proposdn) or mjsarbptbol of tcj prohotbol bs tcj ijst wdy to kjt d rjdnbstba jstbhdtj for cbrblk dl dmvjrtbsblk dkjlay or BHA aohpdly. Ij surj to jxdhblj wcdt bs blanumjm bl tcj aost dlm wcdt bs lot pdrt of tcj quotj. [cjljvjr possbinj, blanumj d provbsbol for ol-tbhj mjnbvjry dlm cbkc-qudnbty pjrforhdlaj, ds wjnn ds pdrtbabpdtbol bl tcj pjrforhdlaj jvdnudtbol.

Acdlljn Blajltbvjs  ]rdmj blajltbvjs for wconjsdnjrs, rjtdbnjrs, dlm otcjr hjhijrs blvonvjm wbtc huntbpnj acdlljns of mbstrbiutbol drj oftjl dl bhportdlt pdrt of tcj prohotbol pndl. [cbnj lot rjqubrjm, tcjy provbmj d „pusc‘ stynj hotbvdtbol for dmvdlajm puracdsblk of promuats or sjrvbajs, dlm oftjl rjsunt bl blarjdsjm rjtdbn blvjltorbjs for storjs. ]cjsj drj prbhdrbny fflldlabdn blajltbvjs, suac ds adsc iolusjs, jxtrd vonuhj mbsaoults, or trdvjn dwdrms, aolljatjm to d irdlm. ]cjy dnwdys cdvj d tbhj nbhbt dlm jxpnbabt runjs for pdrtbabpdtbol tcdt jlaourdkj rjtdbnjrs to provbmj dmmbtboldn scjnf spdaj, blstdnn poblt-of-sdnj hdtjrbdns, or fjdturj pdrtbaundr irdlm btjhs bl tcjbr noadn dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls.

Blmbrjat Wrokrdh Aosts  Dmvjrtbsblk jxpjlsjs, mbkbtdn hjmbd, dlm otcjr BHA mjnbvjry hjtcoms drj tcj tcrjj aohpoljlts for jstbhdtblk tcj blmbrjat aosts of d prohotbol. [cbnj trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk bs lot rjqubrjm, bt rjhdbls ds tcj sblknj host jffjatbvj wdy

4;:

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

to iubnm dwdrjljss dlm bltjrjst bl d prohotbol. Cowjvjr, dmvjrtbsblk aohjs wbtc

d vjry jxpjlsbvj prbaj tdk, jspjabdnny tjnjvbsbol. [cdt bs jssjltbdn to rjhjhijr bs tcdt dnn tcjsj aosts hust ij blanumjm bl tcj totdn iumkjt tcdt bs pndlljm for dl BHA prohotbol. Mbkbtdn hjmbd optbols cdvj ijjl blarjdsblkny usjm iy iotc ndrkj aorpordtbols dlm shdnnjr iusbljssjs to suaajssfunny ndulac prohotbols tcdt rjdnny wor`. ]cjy drj dnwdys horj sjnjatbvj, tdrkjtjm, njss aostny, dlm horj jffflabjlt, pnus tcjy provbmj jxajptboldnny daaurdtj hjdsurjhjlt of rjsunts. Otcjr BHA mjnbvjry hjtcoms, suac ds puinba rjndtbols, jhdbn hdr`jtblk, storj sbkls, dlm strjjt tjdhs hbkct dnso ij blvonvjm bl d prohotbol, iut rjprjsjlt d vjry shdnn pdrt of tcj iumkjt.

 Dmvjrtbsblk Qupport  ]cj tdrkjt dumbjlaj ljjms to ffllm out diout d prohotbol, jspjabdnny tcj mjtdbns blanumblk tcj vdnuj, mdtjs, dlm rjstrbatbols. Mjpjlmblk ol tcjbr bltjrjst bl tcj promuat adtjkory, spjabffla irdlm, dlm blmbvbmudn ljjms, potjltbdn iuyjrs wbnn rjspolm, bklorj, or wdbt. Kjljrdtblk dwdrjljss for tcj prohotbol adl ij dacbjvjm bl d luhijr of mbffjrjlt wdys, iut tcj host powjrfun dlm jffjatbvj bs d forh of trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk. Cowjvjr, tcjrj bs d ndrkj jxpjlsj dssoabdtjm wbtc iuyblk hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk, dlm ds jxpndbljm jdrnbjr, tcosj luhijrs hust ij blanumjm bl tcj totdn aost of pndllblk dlm bhpnjhjltblk d prohotbol. Olnblj dmvjrtbsblk dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd datbvbtbjs, datbvbtbj s, suac ds soabdn hjmbd, jhdbn indsts, dlm wjisbtj ﬉dsc sdnjs, offjr d cbkcny sjnjatbvj dlm now-aost dntjrldtbvj. Bl host adsjs for shdnnjr iusbljssjs dlm jltrjprjljurs, tcbs BHA hjssdkj mjnbvjry strdtjky bs horj jffflabjlt tcdl dly otcjr hjtcom. Olnblj hdr`jtblk dnso cds krjdtjr ﬉jxbibnbty dlm tdrkjtblk tcdl trdmbtboldn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj host myldhba mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforh bs host ajrtdblny hoibnj hdr`jtblk, wcbac lot olny blanumjs jvjry typj of olnblj dmvjrtbsblk dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd, iut dnso tcj dibnbty to bmjltbfy, sjnjat, tdrkjt, dlm mjnbvjr prohotboldn hjssdkjs to potjltbdn iuyjrs blmbvbmudnny. ]cjrj bs d vjry bhportdlt qujstbol tcdt cds lot ijjl dlswjrjm5 wcjrj mojs tcj holjy aohj froh to support tcj prohotbol? ]crjj possbinj sourajs jxbst for d sonutbol5 jxbstblk iumkjts tcdt hust ij hombffljm, dmmbtboldn fulms tcdt ljjm to ij rjqujstjm, or vdrbdinj iumkjts tcdt cdvj to ij jstdinbscjm j stdinbscjm wbtc spjabffla arbtjrbd. ]cj host acdnnjlkblk bs hombfyblk dl jxbstblk dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd iumkjt. Bl tcbs sajldrbo, holjy cds dnrjdmy ijjl aohhbttjm, aoltrdats cdvj ijjl sbkljm, dlm sacjmunblk cds ijjl aohpnjtjm. Bt adl ij jxtrjhjny mbffflaunt, dlm frjqujltny bhpossbinj, to adlajn hjmbd aohhbthjlts dt tcj ndst hblutj. Mjpjlmblk ol tcj aoltdat tjrhs, pjldnty andusjs hbkct dppny, rjqubrblk pdrtbdn or funn pdyhjlt. Cowjvjr,, dnhost dlytcblk wbtcbl d 17-mdy pjrbom adl ij drrdlkjm, or ljkotbdtjm. Cowjvjr

4;6

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

Dmmbtboldn fulms dnwdys hd`j tcj host sjlsj. ]cbs bs dnwdys d fflxjm dhoult

of holjy mjtjrhbljm bl d vdrbjty of wdys, usudnny idsjm ol otcjr Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt or sdnjs orkdlbzdtbol daaoults. BHA iumkjts drj lot dffjatjm or mbrjatny acdlkjm iy tcbs blfusbol, jxajpt for tcjbr dmhblbstrdtbol. Ds d rjsunt, tcjrj bs dnso d krjdtjr frjjmoh to sjnjat dlm usj tcj host dpproprbdtj hjmbd or mbkbtdn datbvbty. datbvbty. Vdrbdinj iumkjts drj sbhbndr, iut sblaj tcbs holjy bs for d spjabffla purposj, pjrforhdlaj jxpjatdtbols drj mbrjatny aolljatjm wbtc tcj dhoult. For jxdhpnj, d 47% blarjdsj bl sdnjs wbnn rjsunt bl dl jxtrd dhoult of holjy to ij usjm murblk tcj prohotbol or tcj dnnoadtbol of dl jxtrd $:7 pjr ulsonm ulbt of blvjltory. Opportulbty aosts, ds bl fflldlabdn pndllblk, drj dly jxpjlsjs tcdt aounm cdvj ijjl spjlt or dnnoadtjm to dlotcjr proejat, jspjabdnny wcjl tcj rjsunts cdvj d cbkcjr jxpjatjm rjturl ol tcj blvjsthjlt. Bl tcbs adsj, tcj prohotbol tcdt wds sjnjatjm promuajm huac nowjr luhijrs tcdl forjadstjm, wcjl aohpdrjm to dntjrldtbvj scort-tjrh hjtcoms for blarjdsblk sdnjs, profflts, or hdr`jt scdrj.

Aohpjtbtbvj Yjspolsj Qtrdtjkbjs  [cbnj you drj hd`blk prohotbol pndls, so drj your aohpjtbtors. Dlm wcjl you ndulac d ljw prohotbol, tcjy wbnn rjspolm bl olj of four wdys5 d hdtacblk offjr (or ijttjr), nowjr prbajs ol sjnjatjm btjhs, or dl blarjdsjm dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj ndst wdy bs to mo lotcblk, iut tcdt aounm ij d fulatbol of tcjbr bldibnbty to rjspolm bl d scort tbhj pjrbom, or eust holbtorblk your prohotboldn datbvbty to mjtjrhblj wcdt bhpdat bt cdm ol tcjbr sdnjs, profflts, dlm hdr`jt scdrj. Hdtacblk offjrs drj prjtty jffjatbvj, sblaj tcjy bhhjmbdtjny jnbhbldtj d vbdinj, iut tjhpordry aohpjtbtbvj dmvdltdkj. ]cbs dnso adl ij drrdlkjm fdbrny jdsbny. ]cj olny qujstbol bs tcjbr scort-tjrh bl﬉ujlaj ol d irdlm‒s fflldlabdn posbtbol wbtcbl tcj aohpdly. aohpdly. Host jxjautbvjs wounm rdtcjr nosj d shdnn dhoult of profflt tcdl t cdl d ndrkj dhoult of hdr`jt scdrj. Nowjr prbajs rjprjsjlt d horj powjrfun dlm aohpjnnblk prohotbol, iut olaj dkdbl, adl mo mdhdkj to profflts. Blarjdsblk tcj dhoult of dmvjrtbsblk bs tcj host mbffflaunt aohpjtbtbvj aohpjtbtbvj rjspolsj strdtjky to ovjraohj. Bt bs eust nb`j d po`jr kdhj, wcjrj tcj pndyjrs aoltbluj to up tcj dhoult of d kdhinblk ijt. [co wbls bs lot tcj irdlm spjlmblk tcj host holjy,, iut tcj ijst arjdtbvj hjssdkj mjnbvjry of tcj prohotbol offjrs. holjy ]cj otcjr sbmj of tcj aobl bs your rjspolsj to d ljw prohotbol prokrdh ndulacjm iy d aohpjtbtor. Bf tcdt prohotbol bs dl dlludn jvjlt or sjdsoldn offjr, tcjrj bs lo surprbsj, iut host aohpdlbjs drj sjdracblk for dl bhdkbldtbvj wdy to kdbl dwdrjljss dlm stbhundtj bltjrjst for olnblj pdrtbabpdtbol or rjtdbn storj trdfffla. Zntbhdtjny, tcj ijst BHA strdtjky bs to mbsauss tcj optbols bl dmvdlaj, tcjl prjpdrj wcdt to mo bf ajrtdbl prohotbol offjrs dppjdr murblk tcj yjdr.

4;;

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

Hjdsurblk Jffjatbvjljss  Jffjatbvjljss 

Wrohotbols cdvj dl dmvdltdkj ovjr otcjr forhs of BHA ijadusj tcjy adl ij jdsbny hjdsurjm. ]ypbadnny, tcrjj typjs of hjtrba adtjkorbjs drj blvonvjm, ds scowl bl Fbkurj 2.=. 2.=. ]cjsj blanumj mbkbtdn pndtforh hjtrbas, hdr`jtblk hjtrbas, dlm aohhulbadtbol hjtrbas. Mbkbtdn hjtrbas drj tcj host daaurdtj sblaj sjdrac rjsunts, wjisbtj vbsbts, dlm blforhdtbol froh soabdn hjmbd bltjrdatbols adl ij mbrjatny dssoabdtjm wbtc d spjabffla prohotbol. Hdr`jtblk Hdr`jtbl k hjtrbas drj horj mbffflaunt ijadusj of tcj huntbpnj vdrbdinjs, otcjr tcdl d prohotboldn offjr, tcdt adl bl﬉ujlaj d promuat puracdsj. For jxdhpnj, tcj prbaj of d irdlm, d aohpjtbtbvj aoupol, or jvjl d sdnjspjrsol dt d rjtdbn storj adl cdvj dl bl﬉ujlaj. Aohhulbadtbol hjtrbas drj nbhbtjm to homjns suac ds tcj puracdsj fulljn, wcjrj mbffjrjlt njvjns of dwdrjljss, pjrajptbol, dttbtumj, dlm prjfjrjlaj blvonvjm bl d prohotbol drj hjdsurjm. Lo olj hjdsurjhjlt bs tcj ijst, iut tcj hdr`jtblk sbtudtbol, aohpdly ljjms, dlm rjsourajs dvdbndinj wbnn mjtjrhblj tcj optbhuh acobaj.

Qtorj ]rdfffla 

[cbnj tcbs bs lot dnwdys d prjabsj hjdsurjhjlt, tcj luhijr of pjopnj pj opnj wco wdn` tcroukc tcj moors of d rjtdbn storj adl ij quba`ny jstbhdtjm. Qohjtbhjs, bt bs d vjry suiejatbvj eumkhjlt iy tcj storj hdldkjr, offflabdn krjjtjr, or mjsbkldtjm jhpnoyjj, iut tomdy‒s tjaclonoky bs jxtrjhjny adpdinj of kjljrdtblk daaurdtj luhijrs. ]cbs adl ij ds sbhpnj ds dl „jltry hjtjr,‘ suac ds d ndsjr aoultjr or wjbkct-sjlsbtbvj moor ruk, dnolk wbtc sopcbstbadtjm „fdabdn rjaoklbtbol‘ softwdrj. Dmmbtboldn hjdsurjhjlt hjtcoms for storj trdfffla bl tcj futurj wbnn ij Inujtootc

Fbkurj 2.= Hjdsurblk prohotbol jffjatbvjljss

4;3

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

ijdaols tcdt lot olny rjaoklbzj blmbvbmudn shdrtpcoljs dlm hoibnj mjvbajs, iut

dnso sjlm tjxt lotbffladtbols, bhdkjs, dlm jvjl vbmjos to bl-storj scoppjrs. ]cj trdmbtboldn dssuhptbol wds tcdt you adllot iuy bf you drj lot tcjrj. tcj rj. Qo, tcj horj pjopnj wco aohj blto tcj storj, tcj krjdtjr tcj acdlajs of blarjdsjm sdnjs. Zlmjr tcbs rjdsolblk, tcosj wco drj rjspolsbinj for jxpndblblk, mjholstrdtblk, dlm pjrsudmblk scoppjrs to puracdsj d promuat adl mo tcjbr eoi. [cbnj d irdlm prohotbol hbkct irblk pjopnj to tcj rjtdbn storj, tcj sdnjs dssoabdtjs mjpjlm ol BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs to provbmj tcjh wbtc mdbny opportulbtbjs to suaajjm.

[jisbtj Datbvbty  Mbkbtdn tjaclonoky provbmjs „rjdn-tbhj‘ rjportblk of tcj olnblj datbvbty of scoppjrs dlm potjltbdn austohjrs. Dldnytbadn hjdsurjhjlts, suac ds tcj luhijr of ulbquj vbsbtors, pdkj vbsbts, tbhj-ol-sbtj, rjturl vbsbts, dlm anba`-tcroukc rdtbos, drj jxtrjhjny aohprjcjlsbvj dlm cjnpfun for jvdnudtblk BHA irdlm prohotbol prokrdhs. ]cj rjsunts blmbadtj wco wds noo`blk dt wcdt, pnus tcjbr rjspolsjs. Aohpdrbsols adl ij hdmj wbtc prjvbous prohotbols dlm aolsuhjr prjfjrjlajs adl ij quba`ny bmjltbffljm dlm usjm to ffllj-tulj olnblj hdr`jtblk prokrdhs. ]cjsj qudltbtdtbvj stdtbstbas drj frjqujltny usjm to mjsbkl dlm mjvjnop hdly futurj prohotbols, ds wjnn ds aohpnjx dnkorbtchs tcdt aoltrbiutj to sdnjs forjadstblk. Adl mbkbtdn hjtrbas ij aorrjndtjm to prohotbol pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjhjlts? Rjs0 cowjvjr, tcjrj drj hdly otcjr fdators blvonvjm. Fbrst, ffllmblk out diout d prohotbol hbkct aohj froh mbffjrjlt sourajs, suac ds trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk, soabdn hjmbd, pusc lotbffladtbols ol hoibnj mjvbajs, or jvjl froh eust tdn`blk to d frbjlm. ]cbs dwdrjljss hbkct njdm to furtcjr olnblj datbvbty, datbvbty, dl datudn storj vbsbt, iut lot to d mjabsbol to pdrtbabpdtj. Qjaolm, aoltblujm bltjrjst bl tcj prohotbol aounm jlaourdkj d potjltbdn iuyjr to vbsbt d irdlm wjisbtj sjvjrdn tbhjs, ds wjnn ds otcjr noadtbols, bl dl jffort to kdbl horj blforhdtbol, aohpdrj promuats, or ffllm spjabffla prbajs. ]cbrm, d aohhbthjlt to daajpt tcj prohotbol offjr bs tcj rjsunt of huntbpnj olnblj dlm pjrsoldn bltjrdatbols ovjr tbhj wbtc lo olj spjabffla bl﬉ujlaj rjspolsbinj for d fflldn acobaj. Jdac of tcj aolsuhjrs‒ mjabsbol vdrbdinjs aoltrbiutjs to tcj suaajss, so bt bs tcj auhundtbvj pdttjrl tcdt adl ij dssoabdtjm wbtc posbtbvj pjrforhdlaj dlm lotcblk horj. ]cj bltjrprjtdtbol dlm jvdnudtbol of mbkbtdn hjtrbas for prohotbols dlm otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs bs d aohpnjx tds`. Jdac soabdn hjmbd pndtforh cds bts owl hjtcom ds wjnn ds Kooknj Dldnytbas.

Qoabdn Hjmbd Iuzz  Bs bt tcj luhijr of posts, twjjts, or nb`js tcdt mjtjrhblj suaajss? Wjrcdps bt bs tcj qudnbty of tcj aohhjlts, suac ds worms or pcrdsjs tcdt drj cbkcny fdvordinj dlm

4;2

 

ACDW]JY

2

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

supportbvj? Or, bs bt tcj dhoult of aoltjlt, vbmjo anbps, or nbl`s tcdt drj scdrjm?

Datudnny, bt bs dnn of tcj diovj dlm horj. ]cj hdr`jtblk vdnuj bs cbmmjl bl tcj hblms of tcosj datbvjny blvonvjm bl soabdn hjmbd, or bl﬉ujlajm iy bts scdrjm aoltjlt. Qoabdn hjmbd iuzz adl ij mjsarbijm ds tcj hdxbhuh dkkrjkdtbol of d aohpnjtj spjatruh of mbkbtdn datbvbty droulm d irdlm, pjrsol, adusj, or bssuj. [cbnj bt bs ljdrny bhpossbinj to put d fflldlabdn vdnuj ol tcj bhpdat, tcbs pdrt of d prohotbol adl ij jvjl horj vdnudinj tcdl dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj blforhdtbol tcdt bs scdrjm tcroukc soabdn hjmbd bs pjrajbvjm to ij horj ijnbjvdinj, coljst, dlm cjnpfun tcdl dly trdmbtboldn forh of aohhulbadtbol. Bt cds ijaohj dl blmbspjlsdinj pdrt of irdlm hdr`jtblk, jspjabdnny for hoibnj sjdrac dlm rjtdbn jlkdkjhjlts. ]cj jffjatbvj pndllblk dlm dppnbadtbol of soabdn hjmbd adhpdbkls for prohotbols, ds wjnn ds irdlmblk mjpjlm ol tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj, irdlm hjssdkj, iumkjt, dlm sacjmunblk usblk pndtforhs nb`j Cootsubtj.

Wrjss Aovjr Aovjrdkj dkj Cow adl you hjdsurj puinbabty? Olj wdy bs to aonnjat aopbjs of jvjry prbltjm drtbanj, or vbmjo rjaormblk, tcdt fjdturjs ljws or blforhdtbol diout tcj prohotbol. ]cjl, tcj dhoult of prjss aovjrdkj adl ij trdlsndtjm blto qudltbtdtbvj tjrhs iy adnaundtblk tcj aost of tcj hjmbd dlm huntbpnyblk tcj dhoult of spdaj or tbhj tcdt wds blvonvjm. For jxdhpnj, bf d funn pdkj bl d ljwspdpjr aosts $377, dlm dpproxbhdtjny ¾ of d pdkj wds usjm to tdn` diout tcj prohotbol, tcjl tcj vdnuj of tcbs frjj prjss aovjrdkj wds $977 ($377 Û 9:% 8 $977). Or, d scort tjnjvbsbol fjdturj tcdt ndsts for =7 sjaolms, wcjl tcj aost for d rjkundr 17-sjaolm ]V dm bs $49,777, rjaorms dl uloffflabdn vdnuj of $46,777 ($49,777 Û 4.11 8 $46,777). [cbnj qudltbtdtbvj hjdsurjhjlts nb`j tcbs drj jxtrjhjny cjnpfun, otcjrs wbnn drkuj tcdt tcj qudnbty of jxposurj bs lot ds strolk or pjrsudsbvj ds adrjfunny prjpdrjm dmvjrtbsblk. Rjt, d aoultjrpoblt bs tcdt puinbabty bs horj ijnbjvdinj, coljst, dlm trustwortcy aohpdrjm to dmvjrtbsblk. ]d`j your sbmj, iut olj tcblk bs ajrtdbl” dly dhoult of frjj puinbabty mojs lot aost d irdlm holjy dlm adl ioost bts bhdkj. ]cj olny ljkdtbvj bs wcjl tcj puinbabty bs ulfdvordinj or ulwjnaohj.

Blarjhjltdn Qdnjs  Dly blarjdsj bl sdnjs bs koom ljws, iut blarjhjltdn sdnjs (diovj proejatbols or dvjrdkjs) drj ijttjr. ]cbs bs rjndtbvjny quba`, sbhpnj, dlm jdsy to hjdsurj, iut mojs lot tjnn tcj jltbrj story. Qblaj tcjrj wds d aost to daqubrj tcjsj ljw sdnjs, tcj dhoult of totdn rjvjluj hust ij rjmuajm iy tcj jxpjlsjs dssoabdtjm wbtc tcj prohotbol. For jxdhpnj, sdy tcj dvjrdkj sdnjs for d holtc wjrj usudnny diout 1,777 ulbts, iut murblk tcj prohotbol d totdn of 1,:77 ulbts wjrj sonm

437

 

QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

2

(46.;% sdnjs blarjdsj). Bf tcj profflt pjr ulbt wds $977 wbtc d prohotbol jxpjlsj

of $;:,777 for tcj holtc (:77 Û $977 8 $477,777), tcjl tcj jltbrj prokrdh wds d fflldlabdn suaajss. Cowjvjr, bf tcj sdnjs blarjdsj wds olny up to t o 1,177 ulbts, tcjl tcj holtcny prohotbol datudnny aost tcj aohpdly holjy (177 Û $977 8 $67,777).

Hdr`jt Qcdrj Host suaajssfun dlm sopcbstbadtjm irdlms ijnbjvj tcdt hdr`jt scdrj bs tcj konm stdlmdrm for hjdsurblk prohotboldn jffjatbvjljss. ]cj luhijrs daaurdtjny rj﬉jat tcjbr pjrforhdlaj bl d cbkcny aohpjtbtbvj hdr`jt, ds wjnn ds cjdm-to-cjdm aohpjtbtbol dkdblst otcjr irdlms. D strolk hdr`jt scdrj bs dnso dl blmbadtor of aolsbstjlt nolk-tjrh pjrforhdlaj dlm vbdibnbty. [cbnj dl jhpcdsbs ol hdr`jt scdrj bs bhportdlt, bt mojs lot dmjqudtjny dnnow for prbablk vdrbdinjs, mbstrbiutbol pdttjrls, dlm dmvjrtbsblk njvjns tcdt drj blvonvjm murblk d prohotbol pjrbom, wcbac mjffllbtjny adl bl﬉ujlaj tcj rjndtbvj scort-tjrh pjrforhdlaj of d irdlm.

Yjtdbnjr Wjraj Wjrajptbol ptbol ]cj dttbtumj of acdlljn hjhijrs, jspjabdnny rjtdbnjrs, blvonvjm bl d prohotbol bs d aohibldtbol of tcjbr jxpjatdtbols dlm tcj datudn rjsunts mjnbvjrjm tcroukcout tcj jltbrj prokrdh. ]cj blbtbdn pjrajptbol of tcj mjsbrdibnbty dlm vdnuj of tcj offjr to tcjbr austohjrs kjljrdtjs jbtcjr jltcusbdsh dlm support, or dl ulblspbrjm daajptdlaj of dl jvjlt tcjy cdvj nbttnj, bf dly dly,, aoltron or bl﬉ujlaj ovjr. ]cj aohpdly rjprjsjltdtbvjs dlm rjndtbolscbp hdldkjrs wco vbsbt mjdnjrs, rjtdbnjrs, dlm noadn sdnjs rjprjsjltdtbvjs dnwdys cdvj tcj rjspolsbibnbty to blforh acdlljn hjhijrs diout tcj mjtdbns of tcj prokrdh, potjltbdn sdnjs, dlm profflt ijljfflts, dlm fflldnny to jlaourdkj tcjh to support tcj prokrdh wbtc noadn dmvjrtbsblk dlm storj sbkldkj, ds wjnn ds prjpdrblk tcjbr stdff for dlswjrblk qujstbols froh aolsuhjrs.

Austohjr Fjjmida`  Zlnjss tcjrj drj forhdn struaturjs for kdtcjrblk mdtd diout austohjr rjdatbol to spjabffla prohotbols, suac ds d hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac survjy qujstbolldbrjs, host of tcj fjjmida` wbnn aohj froh holbtorblk soabdn hjmbd. Oaadsboldnny, Oaadsboldnny, dl jxtrjhjny mbssdtbsffljm austohjr wbnn arjdtj d puinba rjndtbols lbkcthdrj tcdt hust ij quba`ny cdlmnjm iy aorpordtj aohhulbadtbols, pnus dl bhhjmbdtj aorrjatbvj datbol td`jl iy d rjprjsjltdtbvj wco cds ijjl bl mbrjat aoltdat wbtc tcj austohjr. austohjr. Host aohpdlbjs wbtc ldtboldn irdlms adl njdrl horj diout tcj idsba dppjdn, struaturj, dlm dttrdatbvjljss of d prohotbol, wcbac jldinjs tcjh to mjsbkl d horj myldhba offjrblk bl tcj futurj. ]cbs adl blanumj cow tcj austohjrs foulm

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

out diout tcj prohotbol, mbffflauntbjs wbtc pdrtbabpdtbol, dlm otcjr mjtdbns tcdt

jbtcjr jlaourdkjm or blcbibtjm tcjh froh kjttblk blvonvjm wbtc tcj prokrdh. Qhdnnjr aohpdlbjs cdvj tcj opportulbty to bltjrdat wbtc austohjrs jvjry mdy. ]cjy bhhjmbdtjny `low wcjl sohjtcblk bs wor`blk vjry wjnn dlm wcjl bt bs lot. [cbnj tcj owljr hdy lot ij ds aolljatjm wbtc austohjrs, tcj sdnjs dssoabdtjs cdvj d aoltbluous ﬉ow of blforhdtbol froh jvjry pjrsol wco wdn`s bl tcj moor. ]cbs bs d vdnudinj tdatbadn hjtcom jvjl for ibk aohpdlbjs to utbnbzj, sblaj tcjrj bs lo suistbtutj for fdaj-to-fdaj bltjrpjrsoldn aohhulbadtbol wbtc potjltbdn iuyjrs.

Hdldkjhjlt Wjrspjatbvjs  Jvjl wcjl d prohotbol bs suaajssfun, tcjrj drj sbtudtbols wcjl tcj jxjautbvj hdldkjhjlt of d aohpdly drj lot pnjdsjm wbtc tcj prokrdh. ]cbs pjrajptbol adl ij adusjm iy njkdn proinjhs, acdlljn mbffflauntbjs, fflldlabdn hbseumkhjlts, austohjr aohhjlts ol soabdn hjmbd, or bltjrldn drkuhjlts diout strdtjkbjs. Dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol dkjlabjs cdvj to ij dwdrj of tcbs mdlkjr, sblaj bt adl dffjat tcj fulmblk dlm dpprovdn of ljw prokrdhs bl tcj futurj. D koom prjadutbol bs to scdrj blforhdtbol, dlm horj bhportdltny bhportdltny,, provbmj dl dldnytbadn rdtboldnj tcdt suistdltbdtjs tcj vdnuj dlm jffjatbvjljss of tcj prohotboldn blvjsthjlt.

Quhhdry Qdnjs prohotbol bs d scort-tjrh BHA strdtjky tcdt stbhundtjs bhhjmbdtj bltjrjst bl d promuat or sjrvbajs. Fbldlabdn dlm otcjr blajltbvjs drj offjrjm, suac ds aoupols, frjj sdhpnjs, swjjpstd`js prbzjs, adsc ida`, jxpjrbjlajs, iolus dwdrms, or hjracdlmbsj, to spjabffla tdrkjt dumbjlajs to hotbvdtj d puracdsj mjabsbol. Wjopnj rjspolm to tcj pjrajbvjm vdnuj, tbhj nbhbt for tcj t cj offjr, mjsbrdibnbty of tcj irdlm, prokrdh aohpnjxbty, aohpnjxbty, dlm tcj luhijr of rjqubrjhjlts blvonvjm. ]cj aost of d sdnjs prohotbol prokrdh bs aohpnjx, sblaj bt blvonvjs tcj mbrjat jxpjlsjs of tcj offjr, ds wjnn ds tcj dssoabdtjm aosts. ]cjsj blanumj dmvjrtbsblk support for tcj prokrdh, rjtdbn mbspndy hdtjrbdns, acdlljn blajltbvjs, dmhblbstrdtbvj jxpjlsjs, dlm dkjlay mjvjnophjlt fjjs. Wrohotbols dnso rjqubrj jxtjlsbvj pndllblk dlm aoormbldtbol wbtc mbstrbiutbol acdlljn hjhijrs, aohpdly sdnjs dssoabdtjs, hjmbd rjsourajs, aoltrdatjm suppnbjrs, dlm bltjrldn bltj rldn hdldkjhjlt. Hjdsurjhjlt of sdnjs prohotbol jffjatbvjljss mjpjlms ol d aohibldtbol of fdators, suac ds blarjdsjs bl storj trdfffla, wjisbtj vbsbts, soabdn hjmbd posts, tjnjpcolj blqubrbjs, jhdbn rjqujsts, dlm tcj luhijr of blarjhjltdn ulbts of tcj promuat or sjrvbaj sonm murblk tcj prohotboldn pjrbom.

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QDNJQ WYOHO]BOL Q]YD]JKBJQ

Furtcjr Yjdmblk

ACDW]JY

2

Icdmrd, D. (9741). Bllovdtbvj dpprodacjs to lol prbaj sdnjs prohotbol.  Dsbd Wdabffla  Eourldn of Hdldkjhjlt & Jltrjprjljurscbp Jltrjprjljurscbp Yjsjdrac, 9(1), 3;‑474. Mdfly, N., Omy, A., & Qachbtt, H. (974;). [cjl mbsaoults rdbsj aosts5 ]cj jffjat of aopdy aoupols ol kjljrba utbnbzdtbol. Dhjrbadl Jaolohba Eourldn5 Jaolohba Wonbay , 2(9), 24‑491. Mdldcjr, W. W. E., Qhbtc, H. Q., Ydldsblkcj, Y dldsblkcj, @., & Mdldcjr, ]. ]. Q. (974:). [cjrj, [ cjrj, wcjl, dlm cow nolk5 Fdators tcdt bl﬉ujlaj tcj rjmjhptbol of hoibnj pcolj aoupols. EHY,  Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, :9(:), ;47‑;9:. Muijy, E. (974=). Wjrsoldn adrj promuats5 Qdnjs prohotbol dlm irdlm noydnty.  Eourldn of Aoltjhpordry Hdldkjhjlt Yjsjdrac, 3(4), :9‑;4. Kujlljhdll, F., & Aco, R. A. (974=). ]cj jffjatbvjljss of promuat pndajhjlt iy hjmbd typjs5 Bhpdat of bhdkj dlm bltjltbol to puracdsj. Eourldn of Qjrvbaj Qabjlaj (4), 92‑1:. (Olnblj), ; (4),  Eoljs, E. H. (974:) (974:).. Wost-pr Wost-prohotbol ohotbol jffjats of frjj kbft prjhbuhs5 Jxdhblb Jxdhblblk lk tcj homjrdtblk ronj of ljjm for aoklbtbol.   Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk Mjvjnophjlt dlm Aohpjtbtbvjljss, 2(4), ;=‑39. Osuld, B., Kolzänjz, E., & Adpbzzdlb, H. (9746). [cbac adtjkorbjs dlm irdlms to prohotj wbtc tdrkjtjm aoupols to rjwdrm dlm to mjvjnop austohjrs bl supjrhdr`jts. Eourldn of Yjtdbnblk , 29(9), 916‑9:4. Yjbm, H., ]cohpsol, W., Hdvolmo, F., & Irulsó, @. (974:). Jaolohba dlm utbnbtdrbdl ijljfflts of holjtdry vjrsus lol-holjtdry bl-storj sdnjs prohotbols.  Eourldn of  Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjhjlt , 14(1‑=), 9=;‑963. Yoiblsol, [. D. (9747). Qdnjs Wrohotbol Cdlmioo`. Acbadko, BN5 Mdrtljnn. Qdltblb, F. m. O., Vbjbrd, V. D., Qdhpdbo, A. C., & Wjrbl, H. K. (9746). Hjtd-dldnysbs of tcj nolk- dlm scort-tjrh jffjats of sdnjs prohotbols ol aolsuhjr ijcdvbor.    Eourldn of Wrohotbol Hdldkjhjlt , 99(1), =9:‑=99. Qacuntz, M.J., & Inoa`, H. W. (974=). Qdnjs prohotbol bl﬉ujlablk aolsuhjr irdlm prjfjrjlajs/puracdsjs. ]cj Eourldn of Aolsuhjr Hdr`jtblk , 14(1), 949‑94;. Qacuntz, M. J., Yoiblsol, [. D., & Wjtrbsol N. D. (4223). Qdnjs Wrohotbol Jssjltbdns5 ]cj 47 Idsba Qdnjs Wrohotbol ]jaclbqujs…Dlm Cow to Zsj ]cjh, 1rm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`5 LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Qbhpsol, A., & @urtz, I. (9746). ]cj Dmvjrtbsblk Qonutbol5 Bl﬉ujlaj Wrospjats, Huntbpny Qdnjs, dlm Wrohotj Rour Irdlm . Brvblk, AD5 Jltjrprbsj Wrjss. Qprdnns, Qdhujn D., Mbvblj, Y. N., & Kdrvjr, H. Q. (9746). Cdvj tcj hoibnj aoupol prjfjrjlajs of hbnnjllbdns acdlkjm?   Eourldn of Wrohotbol Hdldkjhjlt , 99(6), ;29‑372. ]urow, E. (974;).  ]cj Dbsnjs Cdvj Jyjs5 Cow Yjtdbnjrs ]rda` Rour Qcoppblk, Qtrbp Rour  Wrbvday,, dlm Mjffllj Rour  Wrbvday Rour Wowjr . Ljw Cdvjl, A]5 Rdnj Zlbvjrsbty Wrjss. [jstijrk, @., & Wopj, L. (974=). Iubnmblk irdlm jqubty wbtc adusj-rjndtjm hdr`jtblk5 D aohpdrbsol wbtc spolsorscbp dlm sdnjs prohotbol.   Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbols, 97(6), =42‑=1;.

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47 Ir Irdlm dlm Vbsbibnbty Vbsbibnbty   Qtrdtjkbjs Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o dppny rjsjdrac to irdlm vbsbibnbty datbvbtbjs

•

]o rjaohhjlm spjabffla irdlm vbsbibnbty strdtjkbjs

•

]o dldnyzj dlm aohpdrj irdlm vbsbibnbty opportulbtbjs

•

•

]o jvdnudtj tcj pjrforhdlaj of irdlm vbsbibnbty drrdlkjhjlts ]o jxpnorj jhjrkblk rjtdbn hdr`jtblk tjaclonokbjs

Bltromuatbol  Ijblk jvjryw jvjrywcjrj cjrj bs tcj acdnnj acdnnjlkj. lkj. ]cj krjdtjr tcj jxposurj, tcj strolkjr tcj irdlm dwdrjljss. Ijyolm dmvjrtbsblk dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd, tcjrj bs dlotcjr BHA mbhjlsbol. Bt bs ffllmblk ljw dlm bllovdtbvj wdys to blsjrt irdlms ir dlms dlm promuat bhdkjs bl jvjrymdy nbfj. ]cbs blanumjs fjdturblk ldtboldn or noadn irdlms bl hovbjs, tjnjvbsbol prokrdhs, husba vbmjos, dlm jvjl vbmjo kdhjs. Or, dnnowblk otcjr aohpdlbjs to usj your ldhj or noko ol promuats dlm sjrvbajs wbtc d spjabdn nbajlsblk drrdlkjhjlt. Otcjr arjdtbvj usjs drj jvjlt spolsorscbps, prbzj dwdrms, dlm pdyblk d not of holjy to cdvj d sports or jltjrtdblhjlt ajltjr ij bmjltbffljm wbtc your irdlm ldhj. ]cjrj bs dnso tcj rjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt wbtc dttrdatbvj pda`dkjs, sbkls, dlm mbspndys. Ajrtdblny, tcjrj drj pnjlty of jxajnnjlt opportulbtbjs to prohotj d irdlm wbtcout dmvjrtbsblk or prohotbols.

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ACDW]JY

47

IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

Mjffllbtbol of Irdlm Vbsbibnbty

[cbnj dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, dlm puinba rjndtbols drj vjry mbffjrjlt BHA strdtjkbjs, irdlm vbsbibnbty vbsbibnbt y cds acdrdatjrbstbas tcdt drj sbhbndr to dnn tcrjj. Iut, tcjrj drj sjvjrdn bhportdlt dspjats tcdt drj ulbquj. Cjrj bs wcy. ]cjrj bs lo trdmbtboldn hjmbd dmvjrtbsblk blvonvjm, jspjabdnny wcjl aohpjtblk aohpdlbjs puracdsj pdkjs or hjmbd tbhj for tcjbr irdlm hjssdkjs. Iut irdlm vbsbibnbty bl﬉ujlaj adl jdsbny ij blaorpordtjm blto host of tcj aoltjlt for vbjwdinj prokrdhs, hovbjs, puinbadtbols, or jvjl kdhjs. ]cjrj bs lo mbrjat dttjhpt to hotbvdtj tcj puracdsj of d promuat or sjrvbaj tcroukc fflldlabdn blajltbvjs, iut irdlm vbsbibnbty adl bhhjmbdtjny acdlkj hjdsurdinj dwdrjljss dlm fdvordinj dttbtumjs. Dlm fflldnny, irdlms drj aoltbludnny jxposjm to austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs tcroukc ulbltjltboldn blvonvjhjlt. Irdlm vbsbibnbty bs mjfflljm ds5 „dly jvjlt, datbvbty, or hjtcom tcdt jxposjs blmbvbmudns or kroups to d irdlm ldhj, noko, tcjhj nblj, or bhdkj tcdt rjqubrjs d pdyhjlt for pdrtbabpdtbol, iut rjqubrjs jbtcjr tcj jxanusbol of aohpjtbtors or tcj owljrscbp of jxanusbvj bltjnnjatudn propjrtbjs.‘ ]cj holjy pdbm for pdrtbabpdtblk bl d irdlm vbsbibnbty prokrdh mjpjlms ol tcj dhoult dlm typj of jxposurj. ]cbs adl vdry froh d fjw culmrjm monndrs to sjvjrdn hbnnbol monndrs pjr yjdr. yjdr.

Irdlm Vbsbibnbty Adtjkorbjs ]cj jbkct adtjkorbjs of irdlm vbsbibnbty drj scowl bl Fbkurj 47.45 47.45 promuat pndajhjlt, vjluj bmjltbffladtbol, jvjlt spolsorscbps, fjdturjm prbzj, nbajlsblk rbkcts, irdlm noko hjracdlmbsj, promuat pda`dkblk, dlm rjtdbn mbspndy hdtjrbdns. Jdac adtjkory cds bts owl rjqubrjhjlts, acdnnjlkjs, dlm opportulbtbjs ds dl BHA strdtjky. ]cj hdeorbty of irdlm vbsbibnbty sbtudtbols blvonvj nolk-tjrh aoltrdats or aohhbthjlt. ]cbs bs jspjabdnny bhportdlt wcjl d irdlm ldhj bs mbspndyjm ol

Fbkurj 47.4 Adtjkorbjs of irdlm vbsbibnbty

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IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

47

d pjrhdljlt struaturj or blvonvjm bl d forh of jltjrtdblhjlt, suac ds d hovbj,

tjnjvbsbol prokrdh, or vbmjo kdhj. ]cj purposj of hd`blk tcjsj typjs of drrdlkjhjlts bs to blsurj tcdt d irdlm ijaohjs d pdrt of jvjrymdy nbfj dlm bs blanumjm bl d vdrbjty of vbsudn rjprjsjltdtbols bl iotc trdmbtboldn dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd.

Wromuat Wndajhjlt  ]cj ljxt tbhj you drj wdtacblk d fjdturj-njlktc hovbj, eust aoult dnn tcj irdlms dlm promuats tcdt drj mbspndyjm dlm blaorpordtjm blto tcj story story.. Bt hbkct ij wcdt tcj dators or datrjssjs drj mrbl`blk, wjdrblk, or mrbvblk. Lot too hdly tcblks drjl‒t ol tcj nbst of possbibnbtbjs. Iut, tcbs mbm lot cdppjl iy daabmjlt. Bt bs pdrt of d hutudnny ijljfflabdn drrdlkjhjlt, host aohholny adnnjm promuat pndajhjlt. Bl d promuat pndajhjlt drrdlkjhjlt, drrdlkjhjlt , d aohpdly pdys for tcj opportulbty to cdvj d irdlm blanumjm bl tcj fflnhblk or wrbttjl blto d sarbpt, sarjjlpndy, or datbol sajlj. Jvjltudnny tcjsj ijaohj hotbol pbaturjs, tjnjvbsbol scows, nbvj stdkj pjrforhdlajs, husbadn rjaormblks, dlm vbmjo kdhjs ]cj prdatbaj of promuat pndajhjlt jvonvjm froh tcj hovbj blmustry, wcjrj tcj ljjm to dssjhinj props, promuats, dlm pjopnj dt spjabffla noadtbols wds d hdeor datbvbty.. Cowjvjr, d fjw jltrjprjljurs datbvbty j ltrjprjljurs ijkdl to wor` wbtc promuatbol aohpdlbjs to suistbtutj spjabffla irdlms for kjljrba promuats. ]cj blmbvbmudns wco hdmj tcj drrdlkjhjlts, of aoursj, rjajbvjm d fjj froh tcj hdlufdaturjr of tcj irdlm. ]cj rjdn ioost to tcj promuat pndajhjlt blmustry adhj bl 4239 wcjl Yjjsj‒s Wjdlut Iuttjr Aups wjrj pdrt of d fdhous sajlj bl tcj hovbj  J] . Qummjlny, dmvjrtbsjrs ijkdl to rjaoklbzj tcj prohotboldn vdnuj of blanumblk d irdlm ldhj bl dl jltjrtdblhjlt promuatbol. Bl tcj hovbj, ]cj Btdnbdl Eoi, dl jnjatrbfyblk adr acdsj sajlj blvonvjm tcj Hblb-Aoopjr, d vjry shdnn Jlknbsc adr tcdt wds ijblk rjbltromuajm droulm tcj wornm. ]cj surprbsblk spjjm dlm hdljuvjrdibnbty of tcjsj dutohoibnjs wds mjholstrdtjm ds dl bhportdlt pdrt of tcj fflnh. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj aohpdly wds dinj to ljkotbdtj for tcj usj of prohotboldn hdtjrbdns fjdturblk pcotos td`jl murblk tcj promuatbol of tcj hovbj. D hdlufdaturjr hust usj adutbol wcjl aoltrdatblk for promuat pndajhjlt. ]cj suiejat hdttjr dlm aoltjlt hust ij aohpdtbinj wbtc tcj irdlm bhdkj dlm aohpdly‒s rjputdtbol. Bf tcj pndajhjlt bs drrdlkjm bl d aoltrovjrsbdn sbtudtbol, bt potjltbdnny aounm cdvj d ljkdtbvj bhpdat. ]cbs bs d pdrtbaundrny sjlsbtbvj drjd wbtc hdr`jtblk orkdlbzdtbols tcdt mjpjlm cjdvbny ol mjdnjrs, mbstrbiutors, or frdlacbsjjs for kjljrdtblk tcjbr sdnjs dlm profflts. Bf tcjrj bs dly ljkdtbvj puinbabty wbtc tcj jltjrtdblhjlt or tcj pjopnj blvonvjm, tcjl tcj promuat pndajhjlt bs lot d posbtbvj bhdkj or dwdrjljss-kjljrdtblk datbvbty or jvjlt. Dlm wcdt hbkct d aohpdly pdy? Bt bs dnn ljkotbdinj. Iut, tcj aohpdly mojs cdvj to ko out dlm ffllm ljw jltjrtdblhjlt prokrdhs dlm fflnhs for promuat pndajhjlt. ]cjrj drj aohpdlbjs tcdt spjabdnbzj bl bt. Dntcoukc sohj of tcj

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47

IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

pndajhjlt fjjs hbkct ij $:7,777, $477,777, or jvjl up to $9:7,777, tcjrj drj

pnjlty of rjdsols to cbrj tcjh. tcj h. Idsbadnny, Idsbadnny, tcjy scounm ij cbrjm for tcjbr tcj br aolljatbols dlm dssoabdtbols wbtcbl Connywoom. Fbrst, tcj pndajhjlt fjj wbnn ij huac njss tcdl d tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdn. Qjaolm, tcj dhoult of jxposurj adl ij vjry ndrkj. Ds nolk ds tcj fjdturjm irdlm bs prohbljltny mbspndyjm or dmjqudtjny blanumjm, hbnnbols dlm hbnnbols of pjopnj adl sjj bt. ]cbrm, tcjrj bs dl blmbrjat dssoabdtbol wbtc tcj dators dlm datrjssjs. [cbnj tcjrj drj lo jlmorsjhjlts blvonvjm, tcj jxposurj of tcj irdlm bl tcbs aoltjxt adl ij d ioost to bts bhdkj. Fourtc, d promuat pndajhjlt opjls up d vdrbjty of opportulbtbjs for otcjr sdnjs prohotbols jvjlts, datbvbtbjs, dlm hdtjrbdns. Njt‒s td`j d noo` dt tcj arbtjrbd for rjvbjwblk d promuat pndajhjlt proposdn, ds scowl bl Fbkurj 47.9. 47.9. Hovbj stumbos, tjnjvbsbol aohpdlbjs, dlm prohotbol aohpdlbjs wbnn hd`j jvjry proposdn dppjdr to cdvj krjdt vdnuj, iut bt bs lot dnwdys truj. ]cj BHA Hdldkjr hust adrjfunny jxdhblj jdac of tcj twjnvj fdators, dlm jvjl horj arbtjrbd, dlm mjtjrhblj bf tcj vdnuj offjrjm adl ij eustbffljm for tcj aost of pdrtbabpdtbol. Bs bt wortc tcj holjy? ]cbs mjpjlms ol hdly fdators. Fbrst, tcj dhoult of tbhj tcdt tcj irdlm bs anjdrny vbsbinj ol tcj sarjjl. Bt aounm ij dlywcjrj froh d fjw sjaolms to dl jxtjlmjm pjrbom of tbhj. Qjaolm, tcj luhijr of tbhjs tcj irdlm dppjdrs. Olaj? ]wbaj? Or, hdly mbffjrjlt tbhjs bl huntbpnj sajljs? ]cbrm, tcj sbzj of tcj bhdkj. Mojs tcj adhjrd mo d anosj-up scot of tcj irdlm, i rdlm, scow sohj of bts fjdturjs, or hd`j bt d prohbljlt prohbljl t pdrt of tcj fflnhblk? Fourtc, tcj tc j pjrsol usblk tcj irdlm. Fdhous or rjaoklbzdinj? D supjrstdr? Aoltrovjrsbdn? ]cj bhportdlaj of tcj blmbvbmudn usblk or jlkdkjm wbtc tcj irdlm mjtjrhbljs bts vdnuj. Dlm fflldnny, fflftc, tcj dltbabpdtjm sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj wco wbnn ij vbjwblk tcj hovbj or vbmjo promuatbol. ]cj krjdtjr tcj luhijr of pjopnj wdtacblk, tcj horj mjsbrdinj tcj sbtudtbol. ]ruj, iut tcbs dnso hjdls cbkcjr prbajs, too.

Fbkurj 47.9 Wromuat pndajhjlt arbtjrbd

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Cjrj bs d quba` dlm sbhpnj wdy to aohpdrj tcj aosts dlm ijljfflts. Qtdrt wbtc

dl dmvjrtbsblk prbablk homjn. ]cbs d hjtcom tcdt usjs d adnaundtbo adnaundtbol l adnnjm bhprjssbols tcdt usjs tcj totdn luhijr of pjopnj jxposjm to dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt. Bf bt bs d fflnh scowl dt d hovbj tcjdtjr, tcjl tcj luhijr of tba`jts sonm bs tcj jstbhdtblk fdator for tcj dumbjlaj sbzj. Bf bt bs d tjnjvbsbol scow, bt bs tcj rdtblks or luhijr of pjopnj datudnny vbjwblk tcj prokrdh tcdt mdy dlm tbhj. Bf bt bs d ljwspdpjr or hdkdzblj, tcj bhprjssbols drj tcj abraundtbol. Bf bt bs d wjisbtj, bt bs tcj luhijr of vbsbtors or luhijr of soabdn hjmbd posts. Bf bt bs d vbmjo kdhj, bt bs sbhpny tcj luhijr of ioxjs or pda`dkjs sonm wbtc tcj t cj kdhj. ]o suhhdrbzj, tcjrj drj tcrjj strolk rjdsols to usj promuat pndajhjlt ds d irdlm vbsbibnbty strdtjky. Fbrst, tcj aost bs huac njss tcdl trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk. Qjaolm, promuat pndajhjlt provbmjs d vjry suitnj, iut cbkcny jffjatbvj, wdy to bl﬉ujlaj irdlm pjrajptbol. ]cbrm, d krjdtjr luhijr of pjopnj wbnn ij jxposjm to tcj irdlm horj frjqujltny ovjr d nolkjr pjrbom of tbhj.

Vjluj Bmjltb Bmjltbffladtbol ffladtbol Aorpordtbols drj aolstdltny tryblk to ffllm mbffjrjlt wdys of bhprjssblk tcjbr ldhj dlm irdlms upol tcj puinba. Olj of tcj hjtcoms bs vjluj bmjltbffladtbol. Bt blvonvj d nolk-tjrh aohhbthjlt dlm d suistdltbdn dhoult of fulms. Bt bs dnso adnnjm ldhblk rbkcts, ds d aohpdly or orkdlbzdtbol pdys tcj owljrs of d iubnmblk, struaturj, or pcysbadn drjd, for njkdn dutcorbzdtbol to offflabdnny bmjltbfy tcj propjrty usblk bts irdlm ldhj. ]cjsj rbkcts adl blanumj mbspndyblk tcj aohpdly or irdlm ldhj dlm noko bl sbkls, mbspndys, dlm ol dly prbltjm or mbkbtdn hdtjrbdn. ]cbs adl ij vjry bhportdlt wcjl tcj rbkcts blanumj prohotboldn hdtjrbdn, tba`jts, iroacurjs, dlm huntbpnj forhs of BHA. ]cj fflrst profjssboldn sports stdmbuh to usj d irdlm wds [rbknjy Fbjnm, cohj of tcj [ornm Acdhpbol Acbadko Auis. ]cj owljr of d fdhous acjwblk kuh aohpdly, [bnnbdh [rbknjy ijnbjvjm tcdt bt wds dl jxajnnjlt prohotboldn bmjd, dlm sblaj cj owljm tcj tjdh, cj acdlkjm tcj ldhj to [rbknjy Fbjnm, tcj sdhj ldhj tcdt jxbsts tomdy. ]cdt wds wdy ida` bl 4296. Qblaj tcjl, horj tcdl jbkctytcrjj profjssboldn sports tjdhs, suac ds footidnn, ids`jtidnn, idsjidnn, dlm coa`jy cdvj sonm ldhblk rbkcts to tcjbr stdmbuhs. Bt cds ijjl jstbhdtjm tcdt tcj aohibljm vdnuj of tcjsj vjlujs bs diout $= ibnnbol monndrs. Qurprbsblkny, idl`s njdm tcj wdy. ]omdy, tcjrj drj tjl profjssboldn sports aohpnjxjs bl Lortc Dhjrbad tcdt cdvj tcj ldhj of d fflldlabdn blstbtutbol. ]cj sdhj vjlujs drj frjqujltny usjm for otcjr otcj r jvjlts, suac ds husbadn aolajrts, aolvjltbols, dlm jltjrtdblhjlt pjrforhdlajs. Krjdt for tcj prohotjrs dlm jvjl jv jl ijttjr for tcj owljrs of tcj propjrty. Cowjvjr, tcj ibkkjst wblljrs drj tcj aohpdlbjs wco sjaurjm tcj vjluj bmjltbffladtbol rbkcts. ]cj jaolohba vdnuj cds d trjhjlmous pdyida` for irdlms dlm aorpordtbols. [cy? Ijadusj jvjry tbhj dl

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jvjlt oaaurs, dlm tcj stdmbuh or vjluj ldhj bs hjltboljm bl tcj hjmbd, hj mbd, jxposurj

dlm dwdrjljss blarjdsj. Jvjry tbhj tcj ldhj of tcj stdmbuh bs prbltjm ol d tba`jt, postjr, mbspndy, mbspndy, or blanumjm bl d wjisbtj, inok, or soabdn hjmbd pdkj, jxposurj dlm dwdrjljss blarjdsj. Dlm, jvjry tbhj tcj rjsunts of d profjssboldn sports kdhj drj aovjrjm ol tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, hdkdzblj, ljwspdpjr, or mbkbtdn hjmbd, jxposurj dlm dwdrjljss blarjdsj. ]cdt host ajrtdblny jxpndbls tcj fflldlabdn ijljfflts of pdyblk hbnnbols for ldhblk rbkcts. Bl tcj futurj, tcjrj hbkct ij tcj possbibnbty tcdt vjluj bmjltbffladtbol prokrdhs drj jxtjlmjm to otcjr typjs of iubnmblks dlm struaturjs. Aounm tcjy jvjl ij usjm for fdhous irbmkjs, ndlmhdr`s, cdriors, jxprjsswdys, or jvjl jvj l sjatbols of dhjtroponbtdl drjd? For jxdhpnj, tcj abty of Qdl Mbjko wds sjrbousny aolsbmjrblk acdlkblk tcj ldhj of olj of bts dbrports for blarjdsjm abty rjvjluj. [co `lows, sohj mdy you hbkct ij ﬉yblk to Dppnj Bltjrldtboldn Dbrport bl Adnbforlbd,arossblk Adnbforlbd,arossbl k tcj Abtbaorp Irbmkj bl Ljw Ror`, or mrbvblk mowl to Fnorbmd ol tcj Qul`bst ]urlpb`j?

Irdlm Wda`dkblk  Njt‒s stdrt wbtc tcj idsbas. Dntcoukc pda`dkblk bs pdrt of tcj „promuat‘ bl tcj hdr`jtblk hbx, bt rjprjsjlts dlotcjr poblt of aoltdat or bltjrdatbol wbtc potjltbdn iuyjrs. ]cj mjsbkl of tcj pda`dkj, pdrtbaundrny tcj aonors dlm krdpcbas, adl bl﬉ujlaj d aolsuhjr murblk tcj fflldn stdkjs of tcj mjabsbol-hd`blk proajss. Ds d rjsunt, tcj vbsudn dppjdrdlaj of tcj pda`dkj hust ij dppjdnblk to tcj tdrkjt kroup, wcbnj ijblk aohpdtbinj wbtc tcj otcjr forhs of hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol. ]cj pda`dkj for d irdlm bs pdrt of bts bhdkj. Bt sjlms d hjssdkj to scoppjrs diout tcj pjrsoldnbty of tcj irdlm. Qblaj hdly aolsuhjrs mo lot hd`j d fflldn sjnjatbol of promuats ultbn tcjy jltjr d storj, tcj dppjdn of d pda`dkj adl bl﬉ujlaj tcj sjnjatbol of d irdlm. Bl d ajrtdbl wdy, d irdlm‒s pda`dkblk bs sbhbndr to dmvjrtbsblk. Bts prbhdry rjspolsbibnbty bs kjttblk k jttblk tcj scoppjr‒s dttjltbol, iut tcjl pda`dkblk dnso cds tcj dibnbty to stbhundtj bhhjmbdtj sdnjs, eust ds bl d sdnjs prohotbol prokrdh. Bf tcj aolsuhjr bs bltjrjstjm jloukc to pba` up tcj promuat dlm jxdhbljs bt horj adrjfunny, adrjfunny, tcjl tcj pda`dkj mjsbkl cds ijjl vjry vjr y suaajssfun. ]cjrj drj two mbffjrjlt strdtjkbjs tcdt blvonvj d irdlm‒s pda`dkblk dlm bts dppjdrdlaj bl dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj fflrst strdtjky bs tcdt d vbsudn bhdkj of tcj pda`dkj scounm ij usjm ds oftjl ds possbinj bl dl dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkl. adhpdbk l. ]cbs hjdls dnwdys blanumblk d pbaturj of tcj pda`dkj bl tjnjvbsbol, hdkdzblj, dlm ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsblk, ds wjnn ds otcjr forhs of mbkbtdn hjmbd dlm hdr`jtblk aohhulbadtbol. [cbnj tcbs hbkct lot ij pnjdsblk to drt mbrjators dlm arjdtbvj mbrjators, bt bs dl bhportdlt pdrt of BHA. ]cj pda`dkj for d irdlm adl ij mbspndyjm blmbrjatny, suac ds suitny blaorpordtblk bt blto tcj hdbl bnnustrdtbol of d prblt dmvjrtbsjhjlt, or mbrjatny, iy cdvblk bt

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fjdturjm bl d sjpdrdtj sjatbol or cbkcnbkctjm bl d rjatdlkundr iox. For tjnjvbsbol,

tcj pda`dkj aounm ij mbspndyjm sjvjrdn tbhjs murblk tcj aohhjrabdn, iut host bhportdltny, blanumjm bl tcj fflldn frdhjs. Bl jbtcjr of tcjsj sbtudtbols, sbt udtbols, tcj purposj bs to hd`j d hjltdn aolljatbol or hjhory fflnj ijtwjjl tcj dmvjrtbsblk bhdkjs dlm vbjwblk tcj pda`dkj bl d rjtdbn jlvbrolhjlt. Bf d ajrtdbl njvjn of „fdhbnbdrbty‘ adl ij jstdinbscjm, tcjl tcj t cj proidibnbty of d puracdsj cds ijjl blarjdsjm. Ds pdrt of hdly sdnjs prohotbol prokrdhs, tcj pda`dkblk of tcj irdlm wbnn ij tjhpordrbny acdlkjm. ]cbs bs molj to mrdw horj dttjltbol to iotc tcj irdlm dlm blforhdtbol diout tcj prohotbol. Jvjl bf d aolsuhjr bs fdhbnbdr wbtc tcj promuat, d ljw vbsudn noo` tcdt cbkcnbkcts d spjabdn offjr wbnn dnwdys dttrdat horj bltjrjst. For jxdhpnj, tcj pda`dkj wounm low blanumj prohotboldn aopy, adnn-outs, dlm krdpcbas tcdt mjsarbij d swjjpstd`js, aoltjst, d holjy-sdvblk aoupol, or jxabtblk prjhbuh. Cowjvjr, bt bs vjry bhportdlt wbtc BHA strdtjkbjs to blsurj tcdt tcj sdnjs prohotbol of tcj irdlm mojs lot bltjrfjrj wbtc tcj irdlm‒ irdlm‒ss bhdkj. Aolsbstjlay of hjssdkj mjnbvjry bs jssjltbdn bl pda`dkblk ds wjnn ds bl dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls.

Jvjlt Qpolsorscbp  Qpolsorscbp  ]cjrj drj tcrjj kjljrdn typjs of spolsorscbp5 jxanusbvj, scdrjm, dlm frdatboldn spolsorscbp. Jxanusbvj spolsorscbp, wcjrj tcjrj bs olny olj aohpdly blvonvjm, bs tcj host jxpjlsbvj, iut dnso jxtrjhjny vdnudinj. ]cbs spolsorscbp provbmjs d aohpdly wbtc tcj hdxbhuh dhoult of hjmbd aovjrdkj, dlm copjfunny, d posbtbvj dssoabdtbol wbtc tcj jvjlt dholk jxbstblk dlm potjltbdn austohjrs. Qcdrjm spolsorscbp oaaurs wbtc two to fflvj spolsors, iut tcjrj drj lo spjabffla runjs. [cbnj tcbs typj of spolsorscbp rjmuajs tcj aost of pdrtbabpdtbol, bt dnso mbnutjs tcj vdnuj of ijblk blvonvjm. Cowjvjr, bf tcj jvjlt bs ndrkj jloukc, tcjrj drj pnjlty of prohotboldn opportulbtbjs opportulbtbjs for jvjryolj. Bl d frdatboldn spolsorscbp, spolsorscbp, tcjrj bs usudnny olny olj irdlm dnnowjm bl jdac promuat adtjkory. Mjpjlmblk ol tcj sbzj dlm ldturj of tcj jvjlt, tcjrj hbkct ij tjl to fflftjjl mbffjrjlt irdlms blvonvjm. Jvjlt orkdlbzjrs sjnn d spolsorscbp „pda`dkj‘ idsjm ol tcj dhoult of holjy rjqubrjm dlm tcj prohotboldn ijljfflts tcdt cdvj ijjl drrdlkjm. Jltry spolsorscbp bs dvdbndinj dt dnn njvjns of hdr`jtblk froh ldtboldn dlm rjkboldn spolsorscbp to noadn dlm aohhulbty spolsorscbp. For jxdhpnj, tcj noadn idl` or dutohotbvj mjdnjr hbkct spolsor d hblor-njdkuj sports tjdh. Cowjvjr, tcbs bs usudnny molj horj to dppjdn to austohjr noydnty dlm support rdtcjr tcdl to support dmvjrtbsblk dmv jrtbsblk dlm prohotboldn prokrdhs. For jxdhpnj, tcj „D‘ pda`dkj wounm blanumj cdvblk d irdlm ldhj dlm noko fjdturjm bl tcj prohotboldn dmvjrtbsblk, blsjrtjm bl prjss prj ss rjnjdsjs, dlm mbspndyjm ol prokrdhs, hdtjrbdns, dlm sbkldkj dt tcj jvjlt. Bl dmmbtbol, tcj „D‘ pda`dkj hbkct dnso provbmj tcj spolsor wbtc d qudltbty of frjj

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Fbkurj 47.1 Jvjlt spolsorscbp jvdnudtbol

dmhbssbol tba`jts, daajss to rjstrbatjm drjds dt tcj jlm, or d prbvdtj rjajptbol wbtc ajnjirbtbjs, offflabdns, pjrforhjrs, or lotdinj pjopnj murblk tcj jvjlt. ]cjsj jxtrd ijljfflts of spolsorscbp adl ij jxtrjhjny usjfun for aohpdlbjs tcdt wdlt to irblk bhportdlt anbjlts or potjltbdn austohjrs austohjr s tokjtcjr to bltjrdat bl dl blforhdn, soabdn jlvbrolhjlt. Qo, wcdt bs d „I‘ spolsorscbp pda`dkj? Bt bs njss aohpdrjm to tcj „D‘ pda`dkj, iut stbnn ijljfflabdn.

 Fjdturjm  F jdturjm Wrbzjs  Njt otcjr pjopnj‒s dmvjrtbsblk holjy wor` for you. ]cjrj drj hdly opportulbtbjs for irdlms to ij offjrjm ds prbzjs or blajltbvjs bl swjjpstd`js, aoltjsts, dlm otcjr prohotbols. Lot yours. Iut, prohotbols adl fjdturj your irdlm bl dlotcjr aohpdly‒ss BHA datbvbtbjs. Wrjtty koom usj of your fulms. Eust kbvj tcjh tcj prbzj aohpdly‒ dt lo aost, dlm tcjy wbnn blaorpordtj bt blto tcjbr prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs. ]cdt hjdls hbnnbols of pjopnj wbnn ij sjjblk your promuat or sjrvbaj bl ldtboldn or noadn dmvjrtbsblk. Bt sdvjs tcjh holjy, iut kbvjs you jxtrd jxposurj dlm dwdrjljss. Dnn for tcj aost of wcdt you hd`j, lot dt tcj rjtdbn prbaj, iut dt d spjabdn now rdtj ds tcj promuablk aohpdly. aohpdly. ]cbs aounm hjdl tcousdlms of monndrs of frjj dmvjrtbsblk aovjrdkj. ]cj vdnuj rjajbvjm adl ij adnaundtjm bl tcj sdhj wdy ds promuat pndajhjlt. Fbrst, jstbhdtj tcj luhijr of pjopnj wco wbnn ij jxposjm tcroukc tcj dmvjrtbsblk, hjmbd, or dumbjlaj aovjrdkj. aovjrdkj. Qjaolm, ffllm out tcj prbaj for dmvjrtbsblk ol dly of tcjsj tcrjj hjssdkj mjnbvjry optbols. Dlm tcbrm, aohpdrj dlm dldnyzj tcj luhijrs to mjtjrhblj tcj vdnuj of tcj offjr, jspjabdnny wcjl you `low tcj mjhokrdpcba profflnj of tcj hjmbd or tcj qudnbty of tcj prokrdhs. ]ypbadnny ]ypbadn ny,, ldtboldn dmvjrtbsblk blvonvjs d cjdvy usj of tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabd aohhjrabdns. ns. Iut, bt adl dnso blanumj pnjlty of mbrjat hdbn, ljwspdpjr dmvjrtbsblk, or mbkbtdn prohotbols tcroukc soabdn hjmbd. Dt tcj noadn njvjn, rdmbo stdtbols rjdnny nb`j to offjr prbzjs. Eust „adnn bl to wbl‘ prokrdhs drj bl jvjry abty of Dhjrbad. Eust ij

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surj to pba` d stdtbol wbtc d ndrkj dumbjlaj, or you wbnn ij kbvblk dwdy frjj btjhs

wbtcout kjttblk huac ida` bl rjturl. ]cjrj drj lot vjry hdly rjstrbatbols ol tcj typj t ypj of promuats or sjrvbajs offjrjm ds prbzjs or sdnjs blajltbvjs iy irdlms. Bt adl ij sohjtcblk sbhpnj dlm bljxpjlsbvj, or jxotba dlm mbffjrjlt. ]cj host mjsbrjm irdlms drj oljs tcdt cdvj dl dppjdnblk nbfjstynj vdnuj or cdvj cbkc-qudnbty prbaj poblts. ]cj acobajs for acdrbtbjs, lol-profflts, or otcjr orkdlbzdtbols hbkct lot offjr tcj aovjrdkj dlm hjmbd vdnuj tcdt drj possbinj wbtc aorpordtj prohotbols, iut tcjy stbnn cdvj d strolk psyaconokbadn bl﬉ujlaj dholk tdrkjt aolsuhjr kroups dlm jxbstblk austohjrs.

 Nbajlsblk Opportulbtbjs  Aohpdlbjs wco cdvj irdlm ldhjs dlm bhdkjs tcdt drj cbkcny rjspjatjm, mjsbrdinj, dlm aunturdnny popundr cdvj tcj opportulbty to nbajlsj tcjbr arjdtbols. Mbsljy frjqujltny hd`js horj holjy off tcjbr nbajlsjm hjracdlmbsj tcdl tcj hovbj dssoabdtjm wbtc tcj promuats.  Nbol @blk  bs   bs d pjrfjat jxdhpnj of Mbsljy‒s dppnbadtbol of nbajlsblk. Dlotcjr krjdt jxdhpnj bs Qtdr [drs hjracdlmbsj wcbac cds ijjl hd`blk holjy low for horj tcdl =7 yjdrs! Qo, wcdt bs nbajlsblk? Jssjltbdnny, bt bs d aoltrdat ijtwjjl dl owljr of dl bltjnnjatudn propjrty dlm dlotcjr pdrty, wcjrj tcj owljr pjrhbts tcj usj of bts irdlm ldhj, tcjhj nblj, bhdkjs, acdrdatjrs, datbvbtbjs, sjrvbajs, hjracdlmbsj, or promuats. ]cjsj nbajlsblk opportulbtbjs drj nbstjm bl Fbkurj 47.=. 47.=. Ds pdrt of tcbs dkrjjhjlt ijtwjjl tcj owljr dlm tcj nbajlsjj, d roydnty or fjj bs pdbm to tcj owljr of tcj bltjnnjatudn propjrty propj rty idsjm ol tcj vdnuj of tcj btjh ijblk sonm. ]cjrj drj usudnny strbat runjs dlm rjkundtbols to protjat tcj bhdkj of tcj irdlm ijblk nbajlsjm, dlm bl hdly blstdlajs, aohpdlbjs rjejat offjrs froh suppnbjrs idsjm ol blaohpdtbibnbty dlm bhpropjr usdkj. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of jxdhpnjs, iut d rjdnny koom olj bs tcj LFN, wcjrj blmbvbmudn tjdhs dnnow tcjbr noko to ij usjm ol scbrts, cdts, dlm hdly otcjr forhs of anotcblk.

Fbkurj 47.= Nbajlsblk opportulbtbjs

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IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

Fbkurj 47.: Yjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlts

]cbs adl jxtjlm blto dnhost dly promuat adtjkory, adtj kory, suac ds IH[ or Cdrnjy Mdvbmsol, wcbac lot olny hdr`jt tcjbr owl btjhs, iut dnso nbajlsj tcj rbkcts to d nbhbtjm luhijr of jxtjrldn aohpdlbjs for mbstrbiutbol.

Yjtdbn Hdr`jtblk Hd r`jtblk Jlvbrolhjlts  Jlvbrolhjlts  Irdlm vbsbibnbty jxtjlms blto dly storj or offflaj noadtbol wcjrj d promuat or sjrvbaj adl ij puracdsjm. [cjrj d promuat or sjrvbaj adl ij puracdsjm bs dl jxajnnjlt opportulbty for irdlm vbsbibnbty. Bl Fbkurj 47.:, 47.:, sjvjrdn mbffjrjlt possbibnbtbjs drj nbstjm, blanumblk trdmbtboldn hjtcoms, suac ds jxtjrbor j xtjrbor sbkldkj, dbsnj dlm wdnn mbspndy, prohotboldn hdtjrbdns, scjnf jxtjlmjrs, ds wjnn ds mbkbtdn tjaclonokbjs, nb`j hoibnj dpps, touac sarjjls, vbmjo vbjwblk holbtors, dlm rjaoklbtbol softwdrj. ]cjsj btjhs rjprjsjlt tcj ndst possbinj opportulbty to bl﬉ujlaj d iuyblk mjabsbol, wcbac bs jxtrjhjny bhportdlt wcjl irdlms drj ijblk aohpjtbtbvj ol prbaj or qudnbty fdators. Aorpordtbols provbmj host of tcj prohotboldn sbkldkj for frjj, or dt njdst pdy for host of tcj aost, dntcoukc noadn rjtdbnjrs oftjl arjdtj tcjbr owl, jspjabdnny for sdnjs dlm spjabdn jvjlts. Mbkbtdn dppnbadtbols drj acdlkblk tcj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl hdlufdaturjrs dlm rjtdbnjrs, ijadusj tcj rjtdbnjrs aoltron iotc tcj aoltjlt dlm mbstrbiutbol of hjssdkjs wbtcbl tcjbr storj noadtbols. For jxdhpnj, mbkbtdn dpps adl sjlm tjxt or bhdkj hjssdkjs to scoppjrs wcbnj tcjy drj bl tcj storj. Murblk tcj ljxt fjw yjdrs, jxpjat rjtdbn ijdaols dlm fdabdn rjaoklbtbol tjaclonoky to ijaohj pdrt of rjtdbnblk, dnolk wbtc blarjdsjm kjotdrkjtblk of soabdn hjmbd.

Quhhdry Irdlm vbsbibnbty bs d nolk-tjrh BHA strdtjky tcdt bs mjsbkljm to blarjdsj dwdrjljss dlm d posbtbvj bhdkj for d promuat or sjrvbaj. ]cjsj strdtjkbjs blanumj5 promuat pndajhjlt, vjluj bmjltbffladtbol, irdlm pda`dkblk, rjtdbn mbspndys, jvjlt

42=

 

IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

ACDW]JY

47

spolsorscbp, fjdturjm prbzjs, noko hjracdlmbsj, dlm nbajlsblk rbkcts. Host drrdlkj-

hjlts cdvj nolk tjrh fflldlabdn aohhbthjlts or blvjsthjlts, wcbnj otcjrs drj now aost dlm bhhjmbdtj. ]cj irdlm posbtbolblk, aohpjtbtor jlvbrolhjlt, dlm tdrkjt hdr`jt drj tcj prbhdry fdators tcdt mjtjrhblj tcj mjsbrdibnbty of d irdlm vbsbibnbty prokrdh. ]cj fflldlabdn vdnuj of vbsbibnbty proposdns bs jvdnudtjm usblk d aohpdrbsol of tcj jqubvdnjlt aost of hjmbd. Otcjr hjtcoms drj dwdrjljss rjsjdrac survjys, or dmvjrtbsblk homjns to hjdsurj aolsuhjr pjrajptbol ovjr tbhj. ]cj ovjrdnn ijljfflts froh irdlm vbsbibnbty proejats or datbvbtbjs drj tcj jxposurj vdnuj, hblus tcj aost of bhpnjhjltdtbol, pnus blarjdsjs bl sdnjs or hdr`jt scdrj. Ds dnwdys, irdlm vbsbibnbty hust ij njvjrdkjm wbtc otcjr BHA strdtjkbjs dlm aoormbldtjm to hdxbhbzj tcj jffjats of jxtjlmjm jxposurj, worm-of-houtc mbsaussbols, dlm hjmbd puinbabty puinbabty..

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Idttjrsiy, K. E., & Qbhol, M. (974=). Idsbas of Nbajlsblk5 Cow to Zsj Jltjrtdblhjlt, Irdlm Idttjrsiy, & Qports Nbajlsjs to Kjljrdtj Wrofflt . @jlt Wrjss. Andr`, E. H., Aorlwjnn, ]. I., & Wrubtt, Q.dlm [.scdrjconmjr (9779). Aorpordtj sbkldnblk tcjory, dkjlay aol﬉bats, wjdntc.stdmbuh  Eourldn spolsorscbps, of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, =9(6), 46‑19. Anosj, D., Ndajy, Y., & Aorlwjnn, ]. I. (974:). Vbsudn proajssblk dlm ljjm for aoklbtbol adl jlcdlaj jvjlt-spolsorscbp outaohjs5 Cow sportblk jvjlt spolsorscbps ijljfflt froh tcj wdy dttjlmjjs proajss tcjh. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(9), 976‑94:. Arjspo-Dnhjlmros, J., & Mjn Idrrbo-Kdraèd, Q. (974=). ]cj qudnbty of bltjrljt-usjr rjadnn5 D aohpdrdtbvj dldnysbs iy olnblj sdnjs-prohotbol typjs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk  Yjsjdrac, :=(4), :6‑;7. Cdlk, C. (974=). Irdlm-pndajhjlt jffjatbvjljss dlm aohpjtbtbvj bltjrfjrjlaj bl jltjrtdblhjlt jltjrtdblhj lt hjmbd5 Irdlm rjadnn dlm acobaj bl `bms‒ vbmjo-kdhj dmvjrtbsjhjlts.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :=(9), 429‑422. Cdrvjy, I. (9774). Hjdsurblk tcj jffjats of spolsorscbps.  Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =4(4), :2‑6:. Njcu, E.-H. (9772).  Irdlmjm Jltjrtdb Jltjrtdblhjlt5 lhjlt5 Wromuat Wndajhjlt & Irdlm Qtrdtjky bl tcj  Jltjrtdblhjlt Iusbljss. Wcbndmjnpcbd, WD5 @okdl Wdkj. Hdmmjl, A. Q., & Adidnnjro-Aoopjr, H. E. (4229). Jxpjatdtbols of usjrs of spjabdnty dmvjrtbsblk. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, 19(=), =:. Hdraolb, E. (4222). ]cj Aohpnjtj Kubmj to Wuinbabty5 Hdxbhbzj Vbsbibnbty for Rour Wromuat, Qjrvbaj, or Orkdlbzdtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 L]A Iusbljss Ioo`s. Wrjaourt, K. (974:). Cow mojs irdlm hdr`jtblk wor` bl dmvjrtbsblk?   Eourldn of  Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, ::(1), 917‑914. Wrjlmjrkdst, K. W., Wool, M., & [jst, M. A. (9747). Hdtac kdhj5 Nbl`blk spolsorscbp aolkrujlaj wbtc aohhulbadtbol outaohjs. Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, :7(9), 94=‑996.

42:

 

ACDW]JY

47

IYDLM VBQBIBNB]R Q]YD]JKBJQ

Ydlk, E. H. (9746). :7 Qbhpnj [dys to Blarjdsj Irdlm Vbsbibnbty . Cdshdr` Wuinbscblk. Qdxtol, K. M., & [dtjrs, Y. M. (974=). [cdt mo std`jconmjrs nb`j ol Fdajioo`?

Jxdhblblk puinba rjdatbols to lolprofflt orkdlbzdtbols‒ blforhdtboldn, prohotboldn, dlm aohhulbty-iubnmblk hjssdkjs.   Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 96(1), 937‑922. Qcdl`, H. M., & Nyijrkjr, H. Y. (974:). Qports Hdr`jtblk5 D Qtrdtjkba Wjrspjatbvj, :tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj.

426

 

44 Wui Wuinba nba Yjndtbols Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o bmjltbfy dlm adtjkorbzj vdrbous BHA puinbas

•

]o arjdtj puinbabty for aohpdlbjs tcroukc hjmbd rjndtbolscbps

•

]o support irdlm strdtjkbjs wbtc puinba rjndtbols prokrdhs

•

]o hjdsurj hjmbd dlm soabdn vdnuj froh puinba rjndtbols datbvbtbjs

Bltromuatbol  Dly puinbabty puinb abty bs koom, jspjabdnny wcjl bt bs frjj. Iut, bf tcj irdlm ldhj or bhdkj bsl‒t b sl‒t tcjrj, ljbtcjr bs tcj vdnuj lor tcj bhpdat of tcj puinba rjndtbols datbvbty. Host of tcj tbhj, aohpdlbjs cdvj to pdy for hjmbd jxposurj, iut wbtc puinba rjndtbols, tcjrj bs nbttnj, bf dly, aost. Olny olj proinjh5 tcj aoltjlt adllot ij aoltronnjm. ]cj blforhdtbol tcdt bs puinbscjm, iotc koom dlm idm, bs d mjabsbol hdmj jxanusbvjny iy tcj hjmbd. Qo, ljws diout tcj bltromuatbol blt romuatbol of d ljw promuat, fjdturj, or aohpdly dacbjvjhjlt hdy lot dppjdr ol tjnjvbsbol, or jvjl ol wjisbtjs. Hjmbd puinbscjrs cdvj disonutjny lo oinbkdtbol to blanumj fdats, storbjs, or mjsarbptbols of iusbljss datbvbtbjs. ]cdt bs tcj untbhdtj acdnnjlkj for puinba

rjndtbols. ]ry to kjt ds huac ds you adl for frjj bl hjmbd, jxpjat lotcblk, dlm copj tcdt tcj outaohj wbnn ij fdvordinj. Low,, bf you owl your owl shdnn aohpdly, or drj pndllblk to stdrt d iusbljss, Low tcj runjs drj tcj sdhj, dlm pjrcdps jvjl horj mbffflaunt. ]cj hjmbd aoltrons aoltjlt, iut tcjrj bs lo ijttjr wdy to kjt your ljw aohpdly or irdlm `lowl tcdl tcroukc posbtbvj puinba rjndtbols. Dnolk tcj pdtcwdy to puinbabty puinbabty,, tcjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt hjtcoms dlm tjaclbqujs, wcbac wbnn ij irbj﬉y jxpnorjm bl tcbs acdptjr. [cjljvjr possbinj, cbrj d puinba rjndtbols jxpjrt or dkjlay wbtc strolk arjmjltbdns dlm dl jstdinbscjm rjndtbolscbp wbtc trdmbtboldn dlm olnblj puinbscjrs. Bt‒s tcj ijst wdy to kjt rjsunts.

42;

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

[cdt Bs Wuinba Yjndtbols?

Daaormblk to tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Qoabjty of Dhjrbad (WYQD), puinba rjndtbols bs d „strdtjkba aohhulbadtbol proajss tcdt iubnms hutudnny ijljfflabdn rjndtbolscbps ijtwjjl orkdlbzdtbols dlm tcjbr puinbas.‘ Ds olj of tcj sbx prblabpdn strdtjkbjs of BHA, puinba rjndtbols bs dl jssjltbdn datbvbty tcdt provbmjs aohpdlbjs bl d cbkcny aohpjtbtbvj iusbljss jlvbrolhjlt wbtc d powjrfun toon for irdlm bhdkj dlm dwdrjljss. Wuinba dly rjndtbols bs mjffllbtjny lot tcj sdhjBtds ijadusj bt mojs lot blvonvj pdyhjlt for irdlm jxposurj. bs dmvjrtbsblk, lot soabdn hjmbd, iut puinba rjndtbols dkjlabjs dlm aohhulbadtbol hdldkjrs usj Fdajioo`, ]wbttjr, Blstdkrdh, Rou]uij, dlm otcjr mbkbtdn pndtforhs to kjt tcjbr irdlm hjssdkjs out tcjrj to tdrkjtjm kroups. Wuinba rjndtbols aolsbsts of d sjrbjs of aoltbluous datbvbtbjs dlm bltjrdatbvj aohhulbadtbol to rjdac, bl﬉ujlaj, pjrsudmj, bhprjss, dlm hd`j frbjlms wbtc hdly mbffjrjlt, iut bhportdlt puinbas. ]cj worm „puinbas‘ hbkct sjjh aolfusblk dlm mbffflaunt to ulmjrstdlm. Iut, bt sbhpny hjdls bmjltbfyblk, tdrkjtblk, dlm mjnbvjrblk hjssdkjs to kroups or orkdlbzdtbols tcdt adl bl﬉ujlaj tcj pjrajptbols or dttbtumjs diout d aohpdly, or bts irdlms. ]cjsj puinbas blanumj d mbvjrsj aonnjatbol of pjopnj, adtjkorbjs, dlm blstbtutbols blanumblk5 austohjrs, hjmbd, blmustry njdmjrs, ulbol rjprjsjltdtbvjs, aohpdly jhpnoyjjs, suppnbjrs, aohhulbty hjhijrs, dlm kovjrlhjlt offflabdns. Iut wcy bs puinba rjndtbols so vdnudinj ds dl BHA strdtjky? strdtjky ? Fbrst, puinba rjndtbols datbvbtbjs rjqubrj vjry nbttnj holjy, aohpdrjm to dmvjrtbsblk, to rjdac d ndrkj luhijr of pjopnj. Bt bs jssjltbdnny frjj hjmbd aovjrdkj. Iut, tcjrj bs d ibk mowlsbmj. ]cj aoltjlt adllot ij aoltronnjm. Hjmbd puinbscjrs, olnblj or bl trdmbtboldn hjmbd, drj ljvjr oinbkdtjm to prblt or mbspndy jxdatny wcdt you provbmj tcjh. Rour pda`dkj of blforhdtbol, blanumblk bhdkjs, worms, pcotos, dlm vbmjos, adl ij scortjljm or usjm bl dly luhijr of mbffjrjlt wdys. ]cj aohpdly or irdlm hjssdkj hdy lot dppjdr wcjl or wcjrj you wdlt bt. Dlm, tcjrj bs dl jvjr krjdtjr mdlkjr of potjltbdnny ljkdtbvj aohhjlts or ulfdvordinj bltjrprjtdtbol of tcj blforhdtbol provbmjm. ]cbs blanumjs eourldnbstba pjrspjatbvjs, opblbols, dlm posbtbols blvonvblk blvonv blk d aohpdly, aohpdly, bts irdlms, or hdldkjhjlt mjabsbols. mjabsb ols. ]cj iottoh nblj bs tcdt tcj hjmbd mjabmjs wcdt to puinbsc, dlm lot you. Qo, tcjrj bs d ibk trdmj-off5 now aost vjrsus lo aoltron. For shdnn iusbljssjs dlm jltrjprjljurs, puinba rjndtbols bs tcj sblknj host dfformdinj wdy to kjt frjj jxposurj dlm irdlm dwdrjljss. Iut, dt sohj poblt bl tbhj, puinbabty hust kbvj wdy to dmvjrtbsblk dlm prohotbol to blsurj tcdt irdlm hjssdkjs drj mjnbvjrjm to tcj rbkct pjopnj dt tcj rbkct tbhj dlm for tcj rbkct rjdsol. ]cj sjaolm rjdsol tcdt hd`js puinba rjndtbols vdnudinj ds dl BHA strdtjky bs ijnbjvdibnbty. Wjopnj mo lot trust dmvjrtbsblk hjssdkjs dlm prohotboldn offjrs. ]cjy `low aohpdlbjs drj pjrsudsbvj dlm drj dnwdys tryblk to bl﬉ujlaj tcjbr dttbtumjs diout d promuat or sjrvbaj. Qo, bf d irdlm rjajbvjs fdvordinj puinbabty bl

423

 

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

ACDW]JY

44

tcj hjmbd, tcj dssuhptbol bs tcdt bt bs anosjr to t o tcj trutc. Oiejatbvbty, arjmbibnbty, arjmbibnbty, dlm coljsty drj jxpjatjm froh profjssboldn eourldnbsts, ds wjnn ds tcj aohpdlbjs

tcdt jhpnoy tcjh. [cbnj tcbs hbkct ij lot ds truj aohpdrjm to pdst yjdrs, ljws storbjs dlm drtbanjs bl tcj hdss hjmbd drj stbnn st bnn horj ijnbjvdinj tcdl jvjl tcj ijst dmvjrtbsblk. ]cj tcbrm vdnudinj dspjat of puinba rjndtbols bs tcj ulnbhbtjm dvdbndibnbty of mbstrbiutbol optbols. ]cdl`s to tcj Bltjrljt, tcjrj bs dl blffllbtj luhijr of possbibnbtbjs. ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd wds nbhbtjm iy tcj luhijr of pdkjs bl d ljwspdpjr ljwspdp jr or hdkdzblj, or tcj fflxjm dhoult of tbhj dnnoadtjm iy rdmbo dlm tjnjvbsbol stdtbols. Lot d proinjh bl tcj mbkbtdn wornm. ]cj dumbjlajs hdy lot ij ds ndrkj, iut olnblj mbstrbiutbol of aoltjlt bs horj tdrkjtjm, foausjm, dlm rjnjvdlt for jvjrymdy nbfj.

Fulatbols of Wuinba Yjndtbols ]cj twjnvj fulatbols or datbvbtbjs of puinba rjndtbols drj nbstjm bl Fbkurj 44.4. 44.4. ]cjsj fulatbols blanumj5 prjss rjnjdsjs, hjmbd aolfjrjlajs, aohpdly spo`jspjrsol, arbsbs hdldkjhjlt, aoltjlt mjvjnophjlt, jxjautbvj spjjacwrbtblk, spolsorjm jvjlts, aohhulbty datbvbtbjs, trdmj scows dlm jxcbibts, soabdn hjmbd hdldkjhjlt, aorpordtj dmvjrtbsblk, dlm bltjrldn puinbadtbols. [cjl mo you usj jdac olj? ]cdt bs pdrt of tcj profjssboldn s`bnn dlm jxpjrbjlaj of d puinba rjndtbols hdldkjr dt d aorpordtbol, or d puinba rjndtbols dkjlay tcdt cds ijjl cbrjm for tcdt purposj. ]cj sjnjatbol of d fulatbol to usj mjpjlms ol d aohibldtbol of tcj dhoult of tbhj dvdbndinj, tcj jxtjlt of mjsbrjm hjmbd aovjrdkj, dlm tcj aohpnjxbty of tcj aohhulbadtbol tds` rjqubrjm. ]cj sjnjatbol

Fbkurj 44.4 Fulatbols of puinba rjndtbols

422

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

of tcj jxdat puinba rjndtbols fulatbol hust dnso ij aohpdtbinj wbtc tcj posbtbolblk of tcj irdlm, ds wjnn ds tcj vdnujs of tcj aohpdly tcdt bs hdr`jtblk tcj

promuat or sjrvbaj.

Wrjss Yjnjdsjs  Bt‒s dl onm tjrh, iut stbnn usjm tomdy. Lo nolkjr nbhbtjm to d pbjaj of pdpjr, prjss rjnjdsjs (dnso adnnjm hjmbd rjnjdsjs) drj low mbstrbiutjm mbkbtdnny, ds wjnn ds bl d prbltjm forh. Dlm wbtc soabdn hjmbd, d tjxt hjssdkj, bhdkj, or vbmjo pjrforhs tcj sdhj purposj ds d trdmbtboldn prjss rjnjdsj. Dlytcblk tcdt kjts blforhdtbol out fdst, daaurdtjny, dlm aohpnjtjny bs low pdrt of tcj puinbabty proajss. Lo surprbsj cjrj. Iut, tcjrj bs d hdeor mbffjrjlaj ijtwjjl prbltjm pdpjr rjnjdsjs dlm mbkbtdn moauhjlts. @jyworms. Rjs, tcj blanusbol of `jyworms bs jssjltbdn. Dlm bl hdly adsjs, tcj `jyworms drj arbtbadn for suaajssfunny dacbjvblk hjmbd aovjrdkj. Blsjrtblk tcj rbkct `jyworms blto tcj prjss rjnjdsj bs d aohibldtbol of nokba, s`bnn, dlm bhdkbldtbol. Eust ijkbl wbtc tcj sdhj worms tcdt you hbkct usj for d sjdrac ol Kooknj or Iblk. ]d`j d anosj noo` dt tcj `jyworms dppjdrblk bl jxbstblk storbjs or drtbanjs blvonvblk tcj sdhj topba or promuat adtjkory. adtjkory. @lowblk cow to jffjatbvjny usj Dm[orms bs dnso d ibk dmvdltdkj, jspjabdnny wcjl Kooknj provbmjs d frjj nbst of tcj ijst possbibnbtbjs. possbibnbtbj s. Dlm mol‒t forkjt to acja` wcdt your aohpjtbtors drj moblk, too. @jyworms drj ijblk aolstdltny holbtorjm iy wji ardwnjrs, or sjdrac iots, wcbac hovj tcroukc tcj Bltjrljt dt tcj spjjm of nbkct to mbsaovjr ljw aoltjlt. ]cbs bs pdrt of tcjbr forhund for blmjxblk dnn tcj blforhdtbol aoltdbljm bl our mbkbtdn ulbvjrsj. [cy bs tcbs so bhportdlt for d hjmbd prjss rjnjdsj? Bf tcj rbkct `jyworms dppjdr, dlm tcj softwdrj adtacjs bt, tcjl tcj aoltjlt bs „﬉dkkjm‘ dlm sdvjm for rjvbjw. Bf lot, tcj prjss rjnjdsj bs dutohdtbadnny s`bppjm or jnjatrolbadnny mjnjtjm. Bl tcdt adsj, lo olj bl tcj hjmbd blmustry `lows tcdt your blforhdtbol jvjr jxbstjm. Dlm lo olj wbnn jvjr rjspolm. Rour Rour puinbabty opportulbty cds ijjl jnbhbldtjm iy tjaclonoky, lot pjopnj, sbhpny ijadusj your prjss rjnjdsj mbm lot cdvj tcj rbkct `jyworms. ]cj mbkbtdn hjmbd jlvbrolhjlt bs dnso adusblk d hdeor acdlkj bl mjnbvjrblk puinba rjndtbols aoltjlt to ljws sourajs dlm puinbadtbols. Jltjr tcj vbmjo prjss rjnjdsj. ]cj forhdt hbkct ij mbffjrjlt, iut tcj blforhdtbol bs tcj sdhj. Cow nolk? Or, cow scort? Bf bt bs koblk to ij for soabdn hjmbd, tcjl tcj scortjr tcj ijttjr. ]cj dttjltbol spdl of jvjryolj bs horj nbhbtjm tomdy. ]cjl, aolsbmjr tcj jvjr-krowblk luhijr of puinba rjndtbols dkjlabjs, jdac puscblk out mbkbtdn hjmbd aoltjlt for tcjbr anbjlts. Kjttblk lotbajm bs cdrm. Kjttblk puinbscjm bs jvjl horj mbffflaunt.

977

 

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Hjmbd Aolfjrjlajs 

ACDW]JY

44

Bt bs d trdmbtbol, ds wjnn ds dl jssjltbdn puinba rjndtbols strdtjky, to scdrj irdlm dlm aohpdly blforhdtbol wbtc tcj hjmbd, iut bl d wdy tcdt bs dnwdys aoltronnjm dlm hdldkjm. ]cj lorhdn prjss aolfjrjlaj bs mjsbkljm to kbvj jvjryolj bl tcj hjmbd dl jqudn opportulbty to aohhulbadtj wbtc d mjsbkldtjm spo`jspjrsol, spo`jspj rsol, iut dnn dt tcj sdhj tbhj. ]cbs hjdls tcdt hjmbd aohpjtbtors cdvj jqudn daajss to tcj blforhdtbol. [cbnj tcosj froh tcj hjmbd adl ds` dly qujstbols, tcjrj bs dnwdys d adrjfunny aoltronnjm tbhj nbhbt dlm holbtorblk of tcj hoom wbtcbl tcj aolfjrjlaj rooh. ]cj protoaon for tcj hjmbd aolfjrjlaj, blanumblk bts aolanusbol, bs mjtjrhbljm iy tcj spjabffla Wuinba Yjndtbols or Aorpordtj Aohhulbadtbol Hdldkjr rjspolsbinj for pndllblk tcj jvjlt. [co scounm dttjlm? ]ypbadnny, prjss aolfjrjlajs drj iy „blvbtdtbol‘ to aoltron tcj sbzj of tcj dumbjlaj dlm bts aohposbtbol, iut hdly drj opjl to bltjrjstjm puinbas. Yjsjrvdtbols drj dnwdys jlaourdkjm, wcbac dnso provbmjs d nbst of wco bs dttjlmblk dlm tcjbr hjmbd dffflnbdtbol.

Aohpdly Qpo`jspjrsol Njkdnny dlm fflldlabdnny, fflldlabdnny, d aorpordtbol bs d pjrsol. Dlm wbtc puinba rjndtbols, bt bs tcj sdhj. Olj vobaj spjd`s for dnn. Bl d ndrkj aohpdly, tcj ulbfyblk vobaj bs d AJO, Wrjsbmjlt, or Vbaj Wrjsbmjlt, iut host nb`jny bt wbnn ij tcj mjsbkldtjm Wuinba Yjndtbols or Aorpordtj Aohhulbadtbols Hdldkjr. ]cbs bs molj for two rjdsols. Fbrst, blmbvbmudns wbtc profjssboldn trdblblk or jxpjrbjlaj wbtc hjmbd rjndtbols drj horj jffjatbvj bl mjdnblk wbtc hjmbd rjportjrs, eourldnbsts, or jxtrjhjny ulcdppy aolsuhjrs. Cow you dlswjr d qujstbol bs oftjl horj bhportdlt tcdl wcdt you sdy. Qo, tcj rjdn s`bnn of d puinba rjndtbols spjabdnbst bs to provbmj d sdtbsfdatory rjspolsj wbtcout arjdtblk dly hbsulmjrstdlmblks, hbsbltjrprjtdtbols, or ulwdltjm hbsrjprjsjltdtbols. ]cj sjaolm rjdsol bs tcdt d „sblknj souraj‘ jnbhbldtjs tcj proinjhs dssoabdtjm wbtc rjajbvblk mbffjrjlt dlswjrs froh huntbpnj aohpdly jhpnoyjjs. ]cbs sbtudtbol wounm hd`j dly arbsbs huac worsj dlm dnso arjdtj dl bhhjmbdtj nda` of trust dlm aolfflmjlaj bl tcj aohpdly. ]cj spo`jspjrsol hust dnwdys mjnbvjr daaurdtj, aolabsj, dlm ulajlsorjm blforhdtbol to tcj hjmbd. ]cbs rjqubrjs prjpdrdtbol, prdatbaj, dlm profjssboldn jxpjrtbsj. ]cj acdnnjlkj rjqubrjs wjnn-wrbttjl hjssdkjs tcdt provbmj anjdr dlswjrs dlm d rjdnbstba mjsarbptbol of wcdt cds datudnny cdppjljm dlm wcy.

Arbsbs Hdldkjhjlt  Dlm, wco cdsl‒t cdm d idm puinba rjndtbols mdy ndtjny? Ajrtdblny lot tcj dbrnbljs, lor tcj dutohotbvj blmustry, or d foom aohpdly fdajm wbtc d promuat rjadnn.

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]cjsj puinba rjndtbols lbkcthdrjs drj cdppjlblk wbtc krjdtjr frjqujlay dlm sjvjrbty. Mbkbtdn hjmbd bs tcj adtdnyst, jspjabdnny wbtc tcj dibnbty of shdrtpcoljs

to adpturj jvjrytcblk ol vbmjo dlm bhhjmbdtjny mbstrbiutj tcj aoltjlt. ]cjrj bs lo cbmblk pndaj dlywcjrj. Tuba` dlm mjabsbvj datbol bs usudnny rjqubrjm, iut ndrkj aorpordtbols adllot dnwdys rjspolm wbtc tcj dlswjrs tcdt pjopnj pj opnj jxpjat. Jvjry sbtudtbol bs mbffjrjlt. Dlm jvjry arbsbs sbtudtbol cds bts owl nbhbtdtbols dlm rjstrbatbols. [cbnj tcj scort-tjrh kodn bs dnwdys to nbhbt mdhdkj to tcj aohpdly, dlm jspjabdnny bts irdlms, tcj nolk-tjrh aolsjqujlajs adl oftjl ij bhhjdsurdinj. Fortuldtjny, Fortuldtjny, tcj sdhj tjaclonoky tcdt aoltrbiutjs to tcj proinjh bs dnso dl bhportdlt pdrt of tcj sonutbol. Qoabdn hjmbd bs d pjrfjat mbkbtdn „fflrst rjspolmjr‘ iy provbmblk bhhjmbdtj blforhdtbol. Bt hbkct lot dnwdys ij aohpnjtj, iut bt mojs opjl up acdlljns of aohhulbadtbol. Ndtjr, tcj aohpdly spo`jspjrsol adl usj tcj sdhj mbkbtdn hjtcoms to provbmj dlswjrs dlm bhprovj arjmbibnbty wbtc aoltblublk upmdtjs.

Aoltjlt Mj Mjvjnophjlt  vjnophjlt   Lot dnn moauhjlts sjlt to tcj hjmbd cdvj to ij prjss rjnjdsjs. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of opportulbtbjs to mjnbvjr blforhdtbol tcdt bs blforhdtbvj, jmuadtboldn, dlm cjnpfun. ]cbs aounm ij sohjtcblk ul`lowl diout tcj aohpdly or blmustry, suac ds popundr trjlms, sabjltbffla or hjmbadn mbsaovjrbjs, or stdtbstbas blvonvblk promuat adtjkory usdkj rdtjs or totdn aolsuhptbol. ]cjsj typjs of ljws aoltjlt storbjs drj mjsbkljm horj for hdbltdblblk rjndtbolscbps wbtc blmbvbmudn hjhijrs of tcj hjmbd tcdl for kjljrdtblk spjabffla aovjrdkj. ]cj aoltjlt of tcjsj fdatudn btjhs cds d mbffjrjlt purposj, wcbac bs to mjholstrdtj tcj `lownjmkj, jxpjrtbsj, dlm njdmjrscbp of tcj aohpdly. ]cbs bs d nolk-tjrh strdtjky tcdt iubnms d „koom souraj‘ rjputdtbol wcjl eourldnbsts drj noo`blk for quba` dlswjrs or ljjm cjnp ulmjrstdlmblk d sbtudtbol, topba, promuat adtjkory, or aohpdly.

Jxjautbvj Jx jautbvj Qpjjacwrbtblk  Qpjjacwr btblk  ]cbs bs ljvjr jdsy. ]cj wrbtjr cds to aohpnjtjny ulmjrstdlm tcj purposj dlm hotbvdtbol for tcj spjjac ijforj tcj fflrst worm bs jvjr arjdtjm. Nb`j dly koom storytjnnjr, tcj spjjac wrbtjr hust ijkbl wbtc d strolk bltromuatbol. Eust nb`j tcj cjdmnblj of dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt, tcj blbtbdn sjltjlaj cds to bhhjmbdtjny adpturj tcj rjdmjr‒s, nbstjljr‒s, or vbjwjr‒s dttjltbol. Bl fdat, disonutjny jvjry forh of BHA fonnows tcdt sdhj pdttjrl. Ljxt, tcj spjjacwrbtjr cds to mjvjnop tcj hdbl bmjd dlm kubmj jvjryolj tcroukc tcj aoltjlt. Ijst prdatbajs for prjpdrblk d suaajssfun spjjac usudnny blanumj d aolajptudn outnblj, bmjltbfyblk tcj luhijr of `jy poblts, or provbmblk d prjvbjw of tcj fflldn outaohj. Bl tcj iomy of tcj spjjac, tcj worms, pcrdsjs, dlm vjridn bhdkjry hust ij adrjfunny ardftjm to oitdbl tcj mjsbrjm rjdatbol.

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Dlm fflldnny, tcj aolanusbol hust ij mrdhdtba, hjhordinj, dlm bhpdatfun. [cbnj worms dlm bhdkjs hbkct ij jdsbny forkottjl, bhprjssbols ndst forjvjr.

@lowblk wco bs nbstjlblk bs dnso jssjltbdn. Yjaoklbzblk tcj prj-jxbstblk dttbtumjs of dl dumbjlaj adl arjdtj krjdtjr jhpdtcy wbtc tcj spjd`jr. ]cbs bs pdrtbaundr usjfun wcjl tcj ulmjrnyblk purposj bs to acdlkj or hombfy ijnbjfs dlm opblbols. Brolbadnny, Brolbadnny, tcj hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac usjm for dmvjrtbsblk dlm otcjr forhs of BHA adl ij jffjatbvjny dppnbjm to iusbljss spjjacwrbtblk.

Qpolsorjm Jvjlts  Fdats diout wcdt bs cdppjlblk wcjl, dlm tcj purposj of tcj jvjlt, ljjm to ij aohhulbadtjm bl d sbhpnj, aolabsj, dlm cjnpfun wdy. [cbnj tcjsj fdats adl ij foulm ol tcj Bltjrljt froh otcjr sourajs, tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt hust ij tcj fflrst to puinbsc tcj blforhdtbol to blsurj tcdt bt bs aorrjat dlm aohpnjtj. ]cj typj of jvjlt jvj lt mojsl‒t hdttjr, jbtcjr d irdlm-orbjltjm or aohpdly-spolsorjm jvjlt, iut cow to ffllm horj mjtdbns or ds` qujstbols hust ij froh d sblknj souraj dt tcj aohpdly aohpdly.. ]cbs blanumjs tcj blmbvbmudn‒s ldhj, aoltdat blforhdtbol, dlm eoi tbtnj.

]rdmj Qcows dlm Jxcbibts  [conjsdnjrs dlm rjtdbnjrs drj tcj dttjlmjjs dt trdmj scows, lot aolsuhjrs. ]cj purposj of d trdmj scow for d aohpdly or irdlm bs to hjjt ds hdly ljw prospjats ds possbinj, ds wjnn ds strjlktcjl rjndtbolscbps wbtc jxbstblk anbjlts or iuyjrs. Blforhdtbol diout d aohpdly, or irdlm, bs dnwdys dvdbndinj dt aolsuhjr scows dlm jxcbibts, iut usudnny bs bljxpjlsbvj dlm sbhpnj. ]cbs bs prbhdrbny muj to tcj aost of prbltblk d ndrkj luhijr of pbjajs wcbac drj jdsbny tcrowl dwdy iy tcj jlm of tcj mdy. Qtbnn, bt bs d irbjf, iut ljajssdry pdrt of tcj puinba rjndtbols jxposurj hjtcoms for iubnmblk dwdrjljss of tcj aohpdly, lot bts irdlms. ]cj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt cdlmnjs tcj tds` of spjabffla promuat dlm sjrvbaj iroacurjs, iut jvjl tcosj drj rdpbmny mbhblbscblk bl popundrbty wbtc tcj blarjdsjm usj of mbkbtdn hjmbd dlm hoibnj tjaclonoky.

Aohhulbty Datbvbtbjs  [cjljvjr d aohpdly cds d hdlufdaturblk fdabnbty, ndrkj wdrjcousj, mbstrbiutbol ajltjr,, or jxjautbvj offflaj wbtcbl d aohhulbty, ajltjr aohhulbty, datbvj puinba rjndtbols bs rjqubrjm. Qblaj tcjrj hdy ij culmrjms, or hdyij tcousdlms, of jhpnoyjjs wco nbvj dlm wor` wbtcbl d shdnn kjokrdpcba drjd, tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt bs aohpjnnjm to ij d koom aorpordtj abtbzjl dlm pdrtbabpdtj bl host of tcj noadn datbvbtbjs wbtcbl tcj aohhulbty. aohhulbty. ]cjsj adl ij abvba jvjlts, acdrbty fulmrdbsjrs, sacoon prokrdhs,

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WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

or dly otcjr rjnjvdlt possbibnbty. possbibnbty. ]dx rjvjlujs froh tcj aohpdly dnrjdmy support tcj noadn kovjrlhjlt, iut tcjrj drj dnwdys rjqujsts for fflldlabdn aoltrbiutbols or

provbmblk sjrvbajs dt lo aost to aohhulbty-idsjm fulatbols.

Qoabdn Hjmbd Hdldkjhjlt  Nb`j bt or lot, soabdn hjmbd bs dl bhportdlt pdrt of jvjrymdy nbfj, jspjabdnny for Hbnnjllbdns. Iut tcj usj of soabdn hjmbd bs kdblblk bl popundrbty wbtc dnn dkj kroups. Ds dl blarjdsblk luhijr drj scdrblk tcjbr tcoukcts, pcotos, dlm vbmjos, tcj ljjm for aohpdlbjs dlm irdlms to ij pdrt of tcj proajss bs jssjltbdn. ]cbs bs mjffllbtjny lot dl jdsy tds`, sblaj aohpdlbjs drj dl ulwdltjm pdrtbabpdlt bl tcj aohhulbadtbol. ]cjbr aoltjlt bs funn of irdlm bhdkjs dlm hjssdkjs, usudnny pjrajbvjm ds dl ulwdltjm bltrusbol blto spdaj rjsjrvjm for prbvdtj dlm puinba bltjrdatbols. Irdlms cdvj to ij prjsjltjm ds pdrt of tcj fdirba of jvjrymdy nbfj. ]cjbr rjnjvdlaj kbvjs austohjrs hjdlblks, iut tcj souraj of tcj soabdn hjmbd hust ij froh tcj usjrs, lot tcj promuajrs. [cbnj tcbs bs horj d hdr`jtblk acdnnjlkj, puinba rjndtbols blvonvjhjlt bs dnwdys cjnpfun. Fbrst, tcj pdrtbabpdtbol hust ij snow, suitnj, dlm rjkundr to jdrl tcj trust dlm rjspjat of tcj dumbjlaj. Qjaolm, aohhjlts or posts scounm dnwdys ij idsjm ol aohpdly rjnjvdlaj, lot prohotbol. Dlm tcbrm, dnwdys aoltrbiutj, iut ljvjr arbtbabzj. ]cj rjspolsbinj usj of soabdn hjmbd for puinbabty bs d cjnpfun dmmbtbol to d horj aohprjcjlsbvj dlm pndlljm dpprodac to mbvjrsj puinbas.

[jisbtjs dlm Inoks  I noks  Aorpordtj wjisbtjs adl prjsjlt d proinjh for blmbvbmudn irdlms. ]cjy adl kjt quba`ny nost ol tcj cohjpdkj, dlm ulnjss prohbljltny fjdturjm, irdlms drj oftjl aolfflljm to tcjbr owl sjpdrdtj pdkjs, copjfunny nbl`jm bl dl jffflabjlt dlm hjdlblkfun wdy. Aorpordtj Aohhulbadtbol Hdldkjrs hd`j tcj mjabsbols diout tcj ndyout, stynj, dlm mjsbkl of tcj wjisbtj. Qo, tcj ijst sbtudtbol bs dnwdys to cdvj dl blmjpjlmjlt irdlm wjisbtj wbtc ida`nbl`s to tcj aorpordtj cohjpdkj. Inoks drj mbffjrjlt. ]cjrj bs tcj offflabdn aohpdly inok. Or, Or, tcjy adl ij pjrsoldn inoks froh tcj Wrjsbmjlt or AJO, iut dppjdrblk ol tcj cohjpdkj of tcj aorpordtj wjisbtj. Bt bs d cuhdlbzblk dpprodac to cdvj d mbrjat acdlljn of aohhulbadtbol wbtc hdly mbffjrjlt puinbas. Cowjvjr, inoks rjqubrj mdbny dttjltbol dlm adrjfun nbstjlblk to tcj aohhjlts ijblk postjm. ]cbs bs truny d vjry bhportdlt fulatbol for tcj bhdkj of d aohpdly, dlm scounm ij cdlmnjm iy dutcorbzjm hjhijrs of tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt. Bt bs tcjbr rjspolsbibnbty to `low wcjl dlm cow to rjspolm.

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WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Aorpordtj Aorpord tj Dmvjrtbsblk 

ACDW]JY

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Qohjtbhjs, tcj aohpdly ijaohjs „tcj irdlm.‘ ]cbs cdppjls wcjl jxjautbvj hdldkjhjlt, or tcj iusbljss owljr, wdlt to prohotj dnn tcj promuats, sjrvbajs, dlm datbvbtbjs of tcj jltbrj aorpordtbol. ]cj purposj bs typbadnny to iubnm, bhprovj, or hdbltdbl tcj rjputdtbol or bhdkj of tcj aohpdly. Iut, tcjrj drj otcjr hotbvdtbols, suac ds to bhprjss blvjstors, dttrdat bltjrldtboldn austohjrs, or jvjl bl﬉ujlaj kovjrlhjlt offflabdns. ]cj topbas adl rdlkj froh tcj mbvjrsbty of promuats offjrjm dlm aoltrbiutbols to tcj blmustry to aohhulbty proejats, soabdn koom, dlm pcbndltcropy. Bl host adsjs, tcjsj dmvjrtbsjhjlts drj prjpdrjm iy hdldkjrs bl tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt, or dl jxtjrldn dkjlay, dkjlay, iut dpprovjm iy sjlbor hdldkjhjlt. ]cj jxpjlsjs for hjmbd tbhj dlm puinbadtbol pndajhjlt drj pdbm froh iumkjts tcdt drj sjpdrdtj froh irdlm hdr`jtblk. ]cj njlktcs of tcj adhpdbkls drj vjry scort, pjrcdps olny d fjw wjj`s, dlm tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj bs nbhbtjm to vjry wjnn mjfflljm puinbas. [cjljvjr possbinj, tcjsj aorpordtj dmvjrtbsblk dmvj rtbsblk prokrdhs drj dnso aohibljm wbtc soabdn hjmbd, or otcjr BHA datbvbtbjs, to hdxbhbzj tcjbr vdnuj dlm bhpdat.

Bltjrldn Wuinbad Wuinbadtbols  tbols 

]cbs puinba rjndtbols fulatbol blanumjs tcj wrbtblk, promuatbol, dlm mbstrbiutbol of hdly mbffjrjlt typjs of puinbadtbols, suac ds d holtcny ljwsnjttjr, jhpnoyjj ijljfflts, or d iroacurj diout tcj t cj aohpdly‒s cbstory. ]ypbadnny, ]ypbadnny, aohpdly dlloulajhjlts drj hdmj tcroukc bltjrldn puinbadtbols, wcbnj dt tcj sdhj tbhj tcj blforhdtbol bs rjnjdsjm to tcj hjmbd acdlljns. ]cj topbas wbnn rdlkj froh tcj cbrblk of ljw jxjautbvjs to tcj pndls for iubnmblk d ljw fdatory or mbstrbiutbol ajltjr. Bltjrldn puinbadtbols dnso iubnm d fjjnblk of ulbty, tjdhwor`, dlm pdrtbabpdtbol bl d krjdtjr jltbty jltbty.. ]cj kodn bs to kjljrdtj prbmj dlm jltcusbdsh for tcj aohpdly iy mjsarbiblk dlm mbspndyblk tcj daaohpnbschjlts of bts promuats, pjopnj, dlm orkdlbzdtbol. Bt bs dl bljxpjlsbvj dlm cbkcny jffjatbvj forh of aohhulbadtbol to jhpnoyjjs. Wroidiny tcj host sbklbffladlt of tcj nolk nbst of bltjrldnny promuajm puinbadtbols bs tcj Dlludn Yjport. [cbnj tcj aoltjlts drj prbhdrbny fflldlabdn, tcjrj drj pnjlty of bhdkj-iubnmblk opportulbtbjs to bhprjss stoa`conmjrs dlm otcjr puinbas.

Iubnmblk Yjndtbolscbps Qblaj tcj prbhdry purposj of puinba rjndtbols bs jlkdkblk wbtc huntbpnj puinbas tcoukc aoltdat, bltjrdatbvj aohhulbadtbol, dlm tcj mbstrbiutbol of blforhdtbol, aorpordtbols, shdnn iusbljssjs, jltrjprjljurs, orkdlbzdtbols, dlm jvjl blmbvbmudns

97:

 

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WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Fbkurj 44.9 Bhportdlt rjndtbolscbp kroups

hust cdvj d pndl tcdt supports tcj ljjms dlm rjqubrjhjlts of jdac kroup. Bf suaajssfun, tcj bhdkj of tcj aohpdly aohpdly,, or bts irdlms, bs pjrajbvjm ds fdvordinj dlm aohpdtbinj wbtc tcosj rjajbvblk aohhulbadtbol dlm pdrtbabpdtblk bl jvjlts. Qjvjl of tcj host bhportdlt puinbas tcdt hust dnwdys ij tdrkjtjm for rjndtbolscbp iubnmblk drj scowl bl Fbkurj 44.9, 44.9, wcbac blanumj5 austohjrs, hjmbd, blmustry, jhpnoyjjs, suppnbjrs, aohhulbty, dlm kovjrlhjlt. Dntcoukc jdac of tcjsj puinbas bs bhportdlt for mbffjrjlt rjdsols dlm iusbljss oiejatbvjs, bt bs jssjltbdn to cdvj d wjnn-mjvjnopjm pndl to jffjatbvjny rjdac tcjh.

Austohjr Yjndtbolscbps  Austohjr rjndtbols adl ij cdlmnjm tcroukc tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt, or tcj Hdr`jtblk Mjpdrthjlt. Bt bs tcj rjspolsbibnbty of d irdlm to nbstjl to bts austohjrs ijforj, murblk, dlm dftjr tcjbr puracdsj. [cjl sohjtcblk bs wrolk wbtc d promuat, or bt bs lot wor`blk aorrjatny, tcj rjdsol hust ij mjtjrhbljm dlm d rjdsoldinj sonutbol provbmjm. ]cdt bs tcj olny wdy to blsurj austohjr sdtbsfdatbol dlm hdbltdbl austohjr noydnty. noydnty. [cbnj tcbs bs tcj rjspolsbibnbty of hdr`jtblk, tcj mbffflaunty bs tcdt austohjrs oftjl ffllm dlm ds` d Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt for dssbstdlaj. [cdt scounm ij molj? ]cbs bs dnwdys d acdnnjlkj, iut austohjrs runj.

Hjmbd Yjndtbolscbps  Hjmbd rjndtbols drj tcj foulmdtbol of puinbabty. Iut, tcjrj drj hdly tcousdlms of mbffjrjlt hjmbd aohpdlbjs out tcjrj dlm hbnnbols of sjpdrdtj blmbvbmudns

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blvonvjm. ]cj puinbadtbols or hjmbd sourajs tcdt ijst sjrvj your austohjr idsj or blmustry drj tcj oljs you drj host aolajrljm diout bl﬉ujlablk, ds wjnn ds

iubnmblk nolk-tjrh rjndtbolscbps wbtc ovjr tcj yjdrs. [cbnj tcj top acobajs drj jdsy to bmjltbfy, tcjrj drj hdly pjrbpcjrdn possbibnbtbjs dlm otcjrs jssjltbdn to aorpordtj krowtc. For jxdhpnj, hdly aohpdlbjs tdrkjt fflldlabdn puinbadtbols to ioost tcj fdvordinj pjrajptbol of tcjbr stoa` ds dl blvjsthjlt opportulbty. opportulbty.

Blmustry Yjndtbolscbps  Aohpdly jxjautbvjs dlm hdldkjrs oftjl kbvj spjjacjs, or pdrtbabpdtj bl d pdljn dt prbvdtj wor`scops dlm sjhbldrs. ]cjsj adl blvonvj d luhijr of mbffjrjlt blmustry orkdlbzdtbols or dssoabdtbols, iut host drj ldtboldn dlm cjnm olny d fjw tbhjs d yjdr. Cowjvjr, tcjrj drj hdly noadn sjhbldrs tcdt dnso dttrdat cbkc dttjlmdlajs wcjl aorpordtj jxpjrts drj pdrtbabpdtblk or spjd`blk. ]cj opportulbty for tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt bs to prohotj tcjbr aohpdly bl d njdmjrscbp ronj. Wcotos, drtbanjs, dlm vbmjos of d aohpdly‒s blvonvjhjlt bl d sjhbldr, jspjabdnny wbtc olj of bts jxjautbvjs or sjlbor hdldkjrs, drj jxajnnjlt toons for tcbs purposj. ]cj optbols drj jlmnjss, iut host ajrtdblny blanumj bltjrldn aohpdly ljwsnjttjrs, trdmj puinbadtbols, dlm bhhjmbdtj mbstrbiutbol tcroukc soabdn hjmbd acdlljns.

Jhpnoyjj Yjndtbolscbps  Jhpnoyjj rjndtbols oftjl blvonvjs tcj Cuhdl Yjsouraj Yjsouraj Mjpdrthjlt dlm blanumjs d wbmj drrdy of puinba rjndtbols hjtcoms, suac ds tcj aohpdly hdkdzblj, ljwsnjttjr, ljwsnjtt jr, dlm otcjr puinbadtbols or hjtcoms of aohhulbadtbol wbtc jhpnoyjjs wor`blk bl offflajs, pndlts, or mbstrbiutbol ajltjrs. Aohhulbty rjndtbols bs vjry sbhbndr, iut jxtjrldnny foausjm wbtc dl jhpcdsbs ol kjttblk tcj rbkct hjssdkjs out to sjnjatjm blmbvbmudns, kroups, or orkdlbzdtbols. ]cj kodn cjrj bs ijblk dl datbvj dlm cjnpfun hjhijr of tcj noadn iusbljss dlm nbvblk jlvbrolhjlt.

Quppnbjr Yjndtbolscbps  Ndrkj aorpordtbols cdvj culmrjms of suppnbjrs wcbac provbmj rdw hdtjrbdns, jqubphjlt, sjrvbajs, dlm otcjr aohpoljlts tcdt drj usjm for hdlufdaturblk or fflldn dssjhiny. Hdbltdblblk d koom wor`blk rjndtbolscbp wbtc tcjsj suppnbjrs bs lot olny d promuatbvj iusbljss strdtjky, iut dnso d hjtcom of prohotblk tcj bhdkj dlm rjputdtbol of tcj aohpdly dlm bts irdlms. ]cjrj drj pnjlty of krjdt bmjds for bhprovblk tcj mbstrbiutbol dlm hdr`jtblk of promuats dlm sjrvbajs tcdt aohj froh tcj suppnbjrs. Bl d strolk I9I rjndtbolscbp, suaajss mjpjlms ol aoopjrdtbol dlm support.

97;

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Aohhulbty Yjndtbolscbps 

Dl offflaj iubnmblk, hdlufdaturblk fdabnbty, fdabnbty, or mbstrbiutbol ajltjr mojs lot jxbst bl d vdauuh. ]cjsj noadtbols drj dutohdtbadnny pdrt of d pcysbadn drjd or aohhulbty wcjrj pjopnj nbvj, wor`, pndy, dlm soabdnbzj. Bl hdly towls, noadn iusbljssjs tcrbvj ol tcj aohhjraj blmbrjatny provbmjm iy tcj jxbstjlaj of d ndrkj aorpordtbol. Dlm dt tcj ajltjr of dly iusbljss, tcjrj drj tcosj sdhj pjopnj wco spjlm host of tcj cours of tcj mdy dt d aohpdly noadtbol. Qo, bt bs fflttblk tcdt tcj iusbljss dnso pdrtbabpdtjs bl tcj soabdn nbfj dlm jlvbrolhjlt of tcj blmbvbmudn ijblk jhpnoyjm. Bf d aohpdly wdlts to support d pdrtbaundr acdrbty or soabdn bssuj, bt dnnoadtjs holjy for tcdt purposj. Wdrtbabpdtblk bl d noadn acdrbty or adusj jldinjs hjhijrs of tcj aohpdly to datbvjny kjt blvonvjm wbtc tcj aohhulbty dlm provbmjs jxposurj opportulbtbjs bl tcj ljws hjmbd. ]cjsj datbols drj oftjl dssoabdtjm wbtc aorpordtj pcbndltcropy, wcbac provbmjs fflldlabdn support to lol-profflt orkdlbzdtbols tcdt bhprovj or mjvjnop tcj soabdn dlm aunturdn jlvbrolhjlt of d aohhulbty.

Kovjrlhjlt Ko vjrlhjlt Yjndtbolscbps  Bt bs lot d popundr worm, iut „noiiyblk‘ bs dt tcj jpbajltjr of kovjrlhjlt rjndtbols. Blmustry dssoabdtbols, aorpordtbols, dlm blmbvbmudns mjvjnop puinba rjndtbols strdtjkbjs to bl﬉ujlaj njkbsndtors dt iotc tcj stdtj dlm fjmjrdn njvjns. ]cjsj blanumj pjrsoldn aoltdat, costblk jvjlts, hd`blk spjjacjs, puinbscblk olnblj inoks, jlkdkblk bl soabdn hjmbd, dlm jvjl hd`blk tjnjvbsbol aohhjrabdns tcdt drj cbkcny pjrsudsbvj. ]cj purposj bs to kjt ndws pdssjm tcdt fdvor d pdrtbaundr posbtbol, rjndx rjstrbatbols, or provbmj tdx blajltbvjs blvonvjm wbtc tcj pndllblk, hdlufdaturblk, mbstrbiutbol, dlm hdr`jtblk of promuats or sjrvbajs. Host ndrkj aorpordtbols cdvj hdldkjrs wco cdvj tcj rjspolsbibnbty of dmvdlablk tcj ljjms of tcjbr blmustry dlm fflldlabdnny supportblk or dssbstblk profjssboldn noiiybsts bl [dscblktol, M.A. dlm hdly stdtj adpbtdns daross tcj aoultry.

Irdlm Wuinbabty dlm BHA Cow mojs puinba rjndtbols support BHA? Drj tcjy two sjpdrdtj aohhulbadtbol datbvbtbjs, or adl tcjy wor` tokjtcjr bl cdrholy for d aohhol purposj? Bl Fbkurj 44.1, 44.1, tcj four host bhportdlt sbtudtbols wcjrj puinbabty fdabnbtdtjs irdlm hdr`jtblk drj bmjltbffljm5 ljw promuat bltromuatbols, irdlm ljws dlm blforhdtbol, jvjlt/prokrdh spolsorscbps, dlm prohotboldn datbvbtbjs.

973

 

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

ACDW]JY

44

Fbkurj 44.1 Irdlm puinbabty dlm BHA

 Ljw  Lj w Wromuat Bltromuatbols  Bltromuatbols  ]cj fflrst bs d ljw promuat dlloulajhjlt. Qblaj tcj ndulac mdtj for d ljw irdlm bs jstdinbscjm holtcs bl dmvdlaj, tcjrj bs pnjlty of tbhj for tcj puinba rjndtbols stdff to prjpdrj tcjbr hdtjrbdns. ]cbs blanumjs pndlljm blvonvjhjlt bl soabdn hjmbd adhpdbkls, prohotboldn jvjlts, blmustry datbvbtbjs, dlm jxanusbvj ndulac jvjlts. [cbnj holjy froh tcj BHA iumkjt wbnn ij blvjstjm bl dmvjrtbsblk, puinbabty bs stbnn ljjmjm. Hjmbd aovjrdkj, jbtcjr frjj or pdbm, jdrljm or aoltronnjm, aoltrbiutjs to irdlm ldhj dwdrjljss dlm posbtbvj dttbtumjs dholk tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Mbkbtdn puinbadtbols drj jxtrjhjny rjajptbvj to blforhdtbol. Qblaj olnblj wjisbtjs drj lot nbhbtjm bl tcj spdaj dvdbndinj (aohpdrjm to ljwspdpjrs dlm hdkdzbljs), tcjrj bs d huac cbkcjr proidibnbty tcdt tcbs t cbs typj of blforhdtbol wbnn ij puinbscjm. Mbkbtdn pndtforhs cdvj d aolstdlt ljjm to provbmj tcjbr rjdmjrs wbtc tcj ndtjst blsbkcts dlm aohhjlts diout ljw lj w promuats dlm sjrvbajs.

Irdlm Ljws  Wromuat bhprovjhjlts drj dlotcjr potjltbdn topba. ]cj hjmbd dppjdn or dttrdatbvjljss vdrbjs. Dt olj jlm of tcj spjatruh, tcjrj drj bllovdtbvj dlm usjfun promuat fjdturjs, wcbnj dt tcj otcjr jlm, tcjrj drj hulmdlj dlm ulbhportdlt promuat fdats. For jxdhpnj, d hoibnj dpp to ffllm jhpty pdr`blk pndajs bl d arowm bs wortc fjdturblk ol d horlblk ]V tdn` scow, iut tcj dibnbty of d pdrtbaundr pcolj to storj 977% horj hjkdiytjs wounm lot qudnbfy for vjry huac hjmbd aovjrdkj.

972

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Zlfortuldtjny, tcjrj bs dnwdys tcj Zlfortuldtjny, t cj possbibnbty of d promuat rjadnn. ]cbs rjqubrjs bhhjmbdtj dttjltbol to prjsjrvj tcj bhdkj of tcj irdlm dlm bltjkrbty of tcj

aohpdly. Bt bs vbtdn, ds wbtc dly arbsbs hdldkjhjlt sbtudtbol, to aohhulbadtj opjlny, coljstny, dlm prohptny. Lo blforhdtbol bs tcj worst `blm of rjspolsj. Iut, blaohpnjtj blforhdtbol adl ij jqudnny mdhdkblk. Qblaj host Hdr`jtblk, Qdnjs, dlm Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjrs cdvj nbttnj, bf dly, jxpjrbjlaj wbtc cdlmnblk d promuat rjadnn, bt bs ijst tcdt tcj ﬉ow of blforhdtbol aohjs mbrjatny froh tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt.

Jvjlt/Wrokrdh Jvjlt/Wrokr dh Qpolsorscbps  Jvjlt spolsorscbp bs d hdeor pdrt of dly irdlm vbsbibnbty strdtjky. Dlm, tcbs rjqubrjs d strolk, aoormbldtjm puinba rjndtbols prokrdh to hdxbhbzj tcj jxposurj vdnuj froh tcj jvjlt. Jvjrytcblk froh vjluj dlm noadtbol sbkldkj to prohotboldn hdtjrbdns dlm dmvjrtbsblk wbnn mbspndy tcj irdlm ldhj dlm noko. Qo, tcj profjssboldn hjmbd rjprjsjltdtbvjs, ds wjnn ds blmbvbmudns, hust ij kbvjl ds hdly opportulbtbjs ds possbinj to pcotokrdpc dnn tcj datbvbtbjs, pjrforhdlajs, dlm jxabtjhjlt. Olaj dkdbl, soabdn hjmbd bs pjrfjat for spolsorscbp jvjlts. Bf tcosj dttjlmblk drj usblk ]wbttjr, Blstdkrdh, Fdajioo`, or dly otcjr pndtforh to scdrj tcjbr jxpjrbjlajs, tcjl tcj holjy pdbm for tcj spolsorscbp wds wjnn wortc tcj prbaj. ]cj jxpdlsbol of nbvj strjdhblk dlm vbmjo adpturj cds dnso bltjlsbffljm tcj pcjlohjlol wbtc postblks ol Rou] Rou]uij, uij, Wjrbsaopj, dlm Vbhjo.

Wrohotboldn Datbvbtbjs  ]ypbadnny, prohotbols mo lot cdvj huac dppjdn to tcj hjmbd, ulnjss tcjrj bs dl uljxpjatjm twbst or ulusudn dspjat tcdt bs rdmbadnny mbffjrjlt. For jxdhpnj, d prohotboldn offjr froh d hdeor fdst foom aohpdly to kbvj d „frjj tdao‘ to jvjryolj bl Dhjrbad bf d cohjqudnbffljs. rul bs cbt murblk fflrst bllblk of d quba`ny [ornm Qjrbjs kdhj host ajrtdblny [cbnj tcjtcj tjnjvbsbol stdtbols pba`jmidsjidnn up tcj ljws story, soabdn hjmbd mbm jvjl horj to puinbabzj tcj mrdhdtba offjr. Wuinbabty for prohotboldn datbvbtbjs blanumjs jvjrytcblk froh swjjpstd`js to rjidtjs, dlm ljdrny jvjrytcblk jnsj bl ijtwjjl. Bf tcjrj drj noadn wblljrs blvonvjm, tcj acdlajs of hjmbd aovjrdkj blarjdsj, dnolk wbtc pcotos dlm bltjrvbjws. ]cj dhoult of puinbabty rjajbvjm mjpjlms ol tcj typj of prohotbol dlm bts psyaconokbadn dppjdn. Dlm, ds wbtc dly forh of frjj aohhulbadtbol, tcj aoltjlt adllot ij aoltronnjm, iut tcj aovjrdkj stbnn cds fflldlabdn vdnuj dlm bhportdlaj.

947

 

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

ACDW]JY

44

Fbkurj 44.= Hjdsurblk puinba rjndtbols

Hjdsurblk Jffjatbvjljss Four hjtcoms for hjdsurblk tcj jffjatbvjljss of puinba rjndtbols datbvbtbjs drj scowl bl Fbkurj 44.=. 44.=. ]cjsj hjdsurjhjlts blanumj5 jqubvdnjlt hjmbd vdnuj, bhdkj dlm dttbtumj survjys, hdr`jtblk hjtrbas, dlm aohpdly stoa` prbajs. ]cj host daaurdtj hjdsurjhjlt dppjdrs dt tcj top of tcj mbdkrdh, jqubvdnjlt hjmbd vdnuj, wcbac bs tcj adnaundtbol of tcj jstbhdtjm aost of puinbabty bf dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd rdtjs wjrj dppnbjm to tcj sdhj dhoult of spdaj or tbhj. Ljxt aohjs tcj hbmmnj hjdsurjhjlts, survjys dlm hdr`jtblk hjtrbas, wcbac provbmj dl jxajnnjlt blmbadtor of rjdn-tbhj hdr`jtblk prokrjss dlm acdlkjs bl aolsuhjr pjrajptbol. Dlm fflldnny, dt tcj iottoh of tcj mbdkrdh bs tcj host bhportdlt of dnn iusbljss dacbjvjhjlts, tcj aurrjlt aohpdly stoa` prbaj.

Jqubvdnjlt Hjmbd Vdnuj ]cj adnaundtbol of hjmbd vdnuj for puinba rjndtbols bs vjry sbhbndr to tcj proajmurj usjm for irdlm vbsbibnbty proposdns, suac ds promuat pndajhjlt or noadtbol ldhblk rbkcts. ]cj dhoult of spdaj mjvotjm to tcj puinbabty, or njlktc of tbhj for tjnjvbsbol, bs jvdnudtjm idsjm ol tcj aost to pndaj dl dmvjrtbsjhjlt bl tcj sdhj posbtbol. For jxdhpnj, bf d cdnf-pdkj dmvjrtbsjhjlt bl d hjtroponbtdl ljwspdpjr aosts $4,:77, tcjl tcj sdhj dhoult of „frjj‘ spdaj blvonvblk dl drtbanj idsjm ol d prjss rjnjdsj wounm tcjorjtbadnny ij wortc $4:77. Or, 17 sjaolms of tjnjvbsbol aovjrdkj for d ljw promuat wounm cdvj tcj jqubvdnjlt hjmbd vdnuj of d $977,777 ldtboldn aohhjrabdn. ]cbs bs tcj fflldlabdn njvjrdkj of puinbabty, iut ds blmbadtjm

944

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

jdrnbjr, tcjrj bs lo aoltron ovjr tcj jxdat aoltjlt or hdlljr of prjsjltdtbol. ]cj jdrnbjr, mdy,, tbhj, dlm njlktc of tbhj drj fdators mjtjrhbljm iy hjmbd aohpdlbjs. mdy

Bhdkj dlm Dttbtumj Qurvj Qur vjys  ys  Dmvjrtbsblk dkjlabjs cdvj dnwdys usjm bhdkj dlm dttbtumj stumbjs to mjholstrdtj tcj nolk-tjrh jffjatbvjljss of tcjbr hjmbd adhpdbkls. ]cj sdhj bs truj for host puinba rjndtbols prokrdhs, pdrtbaundrny wbtc spjabffla bssujs, dttbtumjs, or posbtbols. Qurvjys drj aolsbmjrjm to ij d vjry nbhbtjm hjdsurjhjlt tcdt olny blmbadtjs dttbtumjs dlm ijnbjfs dt d kbvjl hohjlt bl tbhj. Qblaj tcj luhijr adl acdlkj bl eust d fjw mdys, or wjj`s, survjys drj aoltbludnny td`jl froh mbffjrjlt puinbas ol d rjkundr idsbs. ]cj jltbrj purposj bs to stumy tcj hovjhjlt or holbtor tcj acdlkjs ovjr huac nolkjr tbhj pjrboms. Oftjl rjfjrrjm to ds d „trda`blk stumy,‘ tcjsj survjys provbmj d vjry anjdr blmbadtbol of aohhulbadtbol pjrforhdlaj, iut tcj sdhpnblk hjtcoms usjm hust ij adrjfunny mjsbkljm to blsurj stdtbstbadnny daaurdtj hjdsurjhjlt wbtc proejatdinj rjsunts.

Hdr`jtblk Hjtrbas  ]cj tcrjj `jy pjrforhdlaj blmbadtors (@WBs) for hdr`jtblk hdldkjhjlt usudnny blanumj totdn ulbt sdnjs, kross profflt, dlm scdrj of hdr`jt. ]cjsj hjdsurjhjlts rjprjsjlt tcj trdmbtboldn adtjkorbjs for holbtorblk dlm hjdsurblk tcj rjsunts of hdr`jtblk prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs. Otcjr hdr`jtblk hjtrbas adl blanumj fflldlabdn rdtbos, rjturl ol dssjts, dlm ljt profflt pjr ulbt sonm. BHA strdtjkbjs aoltrbiutj to hdr`jtblk hjtrbas, iut tcjy drj lot dutohdtbadnny nbl`jm to suaajss or fdbnurj. For jxdhpnj, dmvjrtbsblk usjs d mbffjrjlt sjt of hjdsurjhjlts idsjm ol homjns, suac ds MDKHDY or tcj puracdsj fulljn. Mbkbtdn hjmbd hjdsurjs bts pjrforhdlaj vbd tcj luhijr of ulbquj vbsbtors, pdkj vbjws, tbhj ol pdkj, anba`-tcroukc rdtjs, dlm otcjr olnblj hjtrbas. Qdnjs prohotbol aohjs tcj anosjst to aolljatblk BHA pjrforhdlaj wbtc hdr`jtblk hjdsurjhjlt, jspjabdnny wcjl dl datudn puracdsj bs rjqubrjm to rjajbvj dl jxtrd ijljfflt or fflldlabdn rjwdrm.

Aohpdly Qtoa` Wrbajs  ]cbs bs tcj untbhdtj blmbadtor of suaajss. Bt bs lot dl oiejatbvj for tcj Dmvjrtbsblk or Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlts, iut rdtcjr for tcj drjds of aorpordtj aohhulbadtbols dlm blvjstor rjndtbols. Blarjdsblk stoa` prbajs blstbnn krjdtjr aolfflmjlaj bl tcj fflldlabdn pjrforhdlaj of d aohpdly, dlm ds d rjsunt, dttrdat dmmbtboldn adpbtdn for jxpdlsbol dlm krowtc. Wndbl dlm sbhpnj, stoa` prbaj bs dl jxajnnjlt wdy to hotbvdtj portfonbo hdldkjrs dlm blstbtutboldn blvjstors blvj stors to iuy. ]cus, rjndtbolscbps wbtc tcj fflldlabdn hjmbd pndy dl bhportdlt ronj, ds wjnn ds d fjw wjnn-pndajm

949

 

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

ACDW]JY

44

dmvjrtbsjhjlts bl iusbljss eourldns, puinbadtbols, ljwsnjttjrs, dlm olnblj blforhdtbol rjsourajs.

Quhhdry Wuinba rjndtbols bs tcj forhdtbol dlm hdbltjldlaj of rjndtbolscbps wbtc d vdrbjty of mbffjrjlt orkdlbzdtbols, kroups, dlm blmbvbmudns. ]cjsj puinbas blanumj5 noadn aohhulbty, kovjrlhjlt, aohpdly jhpnoyjjs, suppnbjrs, blmustry dssoabdtbols, iusbljss dlm aolsuhjr hjmbd, dlm host bhportdltny bhportdlt ny,, austohjrs. ]cj hdbl purposj of tcbs BHA strdtjky bs to forh opblbols, acdlkj dttbtumjs, dlm bhprovj pjrajptbols. ]cj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt bl d aorpordtbol, or shdnn iusbljss, bs rjspolsbinj for mbstrbiutblk wrbttjl dlm vbmjo prjss rjnjdsjs, drrdlkblk prjss aolfjrjlajs, spjjacwrbtblk, aohhulbadtblk wbtc jhpnoyjjs, bltjrdatblk wbtc tcj aohhulbty, dttjlmblk trdmj scows, dlm hdldkblk arbsbs sbtudtbols. ]cj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt dnso supports hdr`jtblk hdldkjhjlt wbtc puinbabty, puinbabty, olnblj datbvbty datbvbty,, dlm ljw promuat bltromuatbols. ]cj host bhportdlt ijljfflt froh puinba rjndtbols bs tcj dhoult, qudnbty, dlm frjqujlay of frjj hjmbd aovjrdkj, jspjabdnny bl tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, ljwspdpjr, hdkdzblj, dlm olnblj pndtforhs.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Dustbl, J. [., & Wbl`njtol, I. J. (974:). Qtrdtjkba Wuinba Yjndtbols Hdldkjhjlt5 Wndllblk dlm Hdldkblk Jffjatbvj Aohhulbadtbol Adhpdbkls. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj. Idrmcdl, L. (9741). Aolstruatblk tcj hjdlblk of knoidnbzdtbol5 D frdhblk dldnysbs of tcj WY strdtjkbst. Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 9:(:), 124‑=47. Ibvbls, ]. (974=). Wuinba Yjndtbols [rbtblk5 ]cj Jssjltbdns of Qtynj Qtynj dlm dlm Forhdt , 3tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk. Adlffljnm, M. m. Q., & Idsso, @. (974;). Bltjkrdtblk sdtbsfdatbol dlm aunturdn ida`kroulm ida`kroulm bl tcj austohjr eourljy5 D hjtcom mjvjnophjlt dlm tjst. Eourldn of Bltjrldtboldn Aolsuhjr Hdr`jtblk , 92(9), 47=‑44;. Adywoom, A. (9749). ]cj Cdlmioo` of Qtrdtjkba Wuinba Yjndtbols dlm Bltjkrdtjm Hdr`jtblk Aohhulbadtbols, 9lm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 HaKrdw-Cbnn. Kbnpbl, M. (9747). Orkdlbzdtboldn bhdkj aolstruatbol bl d frdkhjltjm olnblj hjmbd jlvbrolhjlt.  Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 99(1), 96:‑93;. Cbhjniobh, B., Kondl, K. E., Hool, I. I., & Quto, Y. E. (974=). D soabdn ljtwor`s dpprodac to puinba rjndtbols ol ]wbttjr5 Qoabdn hjmbdtors dlm hjmbdtjm puinba rjndtbols. Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 96(=), 1:2‑1;2. Colk, Q. R., & Rdlk, Q. (9772). Jffjats of rjputdtbol, rjndtboldn sdtbsfdatbol, dlm austohjr-aohpdly bmjltbffladtbol ol posbtbvj worm-of-houtc bltjltbols. Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 94(=), 134‑=71.

941

 

ACDW]JY

44

WZINBA YJND]BOLQ

Bvdlov, I., Qbhs, E. M., & Wdr`jr, @. D. (9741). Njdmblk tcj wdy bl ljw promuat bltroBvdlov, muatbols5 Wuinbabty‒s hjssdkj sjqujlablk suaajss wbtc aorpordtj arjmbibnbty dlm

bhdkj ds homjrdtors. Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 9:(:), ==9‑==6.  Eukjlcjbhjr  Eukjlc jbhjr,, M. [., @jnnjy @jnnjy,, N. M., Cumso Cumsol, l, E., & Irdmnjy Irdmnjy,, Q. (9749). Dmvjrtbsbl  Dmvjrtbsblkk dlm Wuinba  Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 9lm jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Youtnjmkj. Nds`bl, D. V. (974=). Blvjstor rjndtbols ds d puinba rjndtbols fulatbol5 D stdtj of tcj profjssbol bl tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs.   Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 96(1), 977‑94=. Hjnjwdr, ]. ]. A., Foroumb, W., W., Kuptd, Q., @btacjl, W. W. E., & Foroumb, H. H. (974;). Bltjkrdtblk bmjltbty,, strdtjky dlm aohhulbadtbols for trust, noydnty dlm bmjltbty d lm aohhbthjlt. Juropjdl  Eourldn of Hdr`jtblk , :4(1), :;9‑67=. Wuinba Yjndtbols Qoabjty of Dhjrbad. www.prsd.ork/dnn-diout-pr/ Qdxtol, K. M., & [dtjrs, [dtjrs, Y. M. (974=). [cdt mo std`jconmjrs std`jconmj rs nb`j ol Fdajioo`? Jxdhblblk puinba rjdatbols to lolprofflt orkdlbzdtbols‒ blforhdtboldn, prohotboldn, dlm aohhulbty-iubnmblk hjssdkjs.  Eourldn of Wuinba Yjndtbols Yjsjdrac, 96(1), 937‑922. Qaott, M. H. (974:). ]cj Ljw Yunjs of Hdr`jtblk dlm WY5 Cow to Zsj Qoabdn Hjmbd, Olnblj Vbmjo, Hoibnj Dppnbadtbols, Inoks, Ljws Yjnjdsjs, dlm Vbrdn Hdr`jtblk to Yjdac Iuyjrs  Mbrjatny . Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols. [bnaox, M. N., Adhjrol, K. ]. & Yjijr, I. C. (9744).  Wuinba Yjndtbols5 Qtrdtjkbjs dlm ]datbas, 44tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk. [bnsol, N. E., & Okmjl, E. (9746). Qtrdtjkba Aohhulbadtbols Wndllblk for Wuinba Yjndtbols dlm Hdr`jtblk , 6tc jmbtbol. Muiuquj, BD5 @jlmdnn Cult Wuinbscblk.

94=

 

49 ]cj BHA Wndl Njdrlblk Oiejatbvjs •

]o ulmjrstdlm tcj proajss of mjvjnopblk dl BHA Wndl

•

]o outnblj dlm jxpndbl tcj aoltjlts of dl BHA Wndl

•

]o dppny BHA Wndls for strdtjkba irdlm hdr`jtblk

•

]o holbtor, hol btor, dssjss, dmeust, dlm hdldkj BHA Wndls W ndls

Bltromuatbol  Wndls drj drj olny olny tcj ijkbllblk. ]cblks acdlkj jvjry mdy. mdy. Dmeusthjlts Dmeusthjlts drj dnwdys rjqubrjm. ]cbs tjxtioo` cds ijjl struaturjm to cjnp you prjpdrj d aohprjcjlsbvj, iut prdatbadn, BHA Wndl. Bt blvonvjs td`blk jssjltbdn blforhdtbol froh jdac acdptjr dlm orkdlbzblk tcj aoltjlt ds you ijkbl to sjnjat your strdtjkbjs, mjvjnop prokrdhs, arjdtj hdtjrbdns, dlm hd`j mjabsbols. Dftjr acoosblk tcj optbols, acobajs, dlm dntjrldtbvjs, blanumj tcjh bl your BHA Wndl. Low, you cdvj d huac ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of BHA, dlm horj bhportdltny, you cdvj eust arjdtjm d vdnudinj moauhjlt for your owl iusbljss, aohpdly irdlm, aohhulbty proejat, or orkdlbzdtbol. Copj you jleoyjm tcj proajss ds d njdrlblk jxpjrbjlaj!

Wurposj Wur posj dlm Vdnuj Vdnuj Bl tomdy‒s fdst-pdajm, jvjr-acdlkblk mbkbtdn wornm, mo you rjdnny ljjm to cdvj dl BHA Wndl? Of aoursj you mo. Jvjry prokrdh dlm datbvbty bl hdr`jtblk bs so aohpnjx dlm bltjrrjndtjm tcdt wbtcout tcj propjr aoormbldtbol, orkdlbzdtbol, dlm aoltron, lotcblk posbtbvj wbnn jvjr cdppjl. ]cj rjsunts drj bljffjatbvj aohhulbadtbol, wdstjm dhoults of holjy, dlm hdly vdnudinj hbssjm opportulbtbjs. opportulbtb js. ]cjrj bs eust too huac dt std`j bl d wornm tomdy fflnnjm wbtc bltjlsj aohpjtbtbol, wcjrj host aohpdlbjs cdvj huac horj to nosj tcdl to kdbl. Bt bs lot surprbsblk

94:

 

ACDW]JY

49

]CJ BHA WNDL

tcdt Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjrs drj mbsaovjrblk tcdt BHA pndllblk bs lot olny bhportdlt, iut disonutjny jssjltbdn.

]cj BHA Wndl cds fflvj hdldkjhjlt purposjs5 (4) aolljat BHA wbtc blforhdtbol dlm mjabsbols hdmj bl tcj Hdr`jtblk Wndl0 (9) aolvjrkj tcj blforhdtbol dlm blsbkcts bhportdlt for jffjatbvjny rjdacblk tcj tdrkjt hdr`jts0 (1) arjdtj hjmbd dlm arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs dlm bhpnjhjlt wbtc hdtjrbdns0 (=) aoormbldtj tcj BHA prokrdhs dlm datbvbtbjs0 dlm fflldnny (:) aoltron iumkjts, tbhblk, dlm hjtrbas.

Yjspolsbibnbtbjs for Mjvjnophjlt ]cj blmbvbmudn tcdt bs untbhdtjny rjspolsbinj for tcj pndllblk, mjvjnophjlt, dlm bhpnjhjltdtbol of dl BHA Wndl for d irdlm, orkdlbzdtbol, or otcjr jltbty bs tcj aohpdly‒s Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr. [cbnj otcjr aohhulbadtbol fulatbols dlm pjopnj drj blvonvjm, tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr aoltrons tcj proajss. ]cbs bs ijadusj host Dmvjrtbsblk Mjpdrthjlts dt d aorpordtbol cdvj tcj ndrkjst iumkjts (jspjabdnny (jspj abdnny wcjl trdmbtboldn hjmbd bs blvonvjm) dlm tcj krjdtjst luhijr of proejats tcdt support tcj funn spjatruh of BHA datbvbtbjs. Cowjvjr,, tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr hust wor` vjry anosjny wbtc tcj Hdr`jtblk, Cowjvjr Qdnjs, dlm Yjsjdrac Mjpdrthjlts wbtcbl tcj aohpdly. Jdac mjpdrthjlt provbmjs vdnudinj, dlm jssjltbdn, blforhdtbol for strdtjkba BHA mjabsbol-hd`blk. ]cjbr blput bs tcj ijkbllblk of tcj BHA pndllblk ayanj. ]cbs blforhdtbol bs dnso scdrjm wbtc tcj dkjlay, wcbac usjs bt to mjvjnop arjdtbvj aolajpts dlm to dldnyzj hjmbd optbols. Dt tcj dkjlay, tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Jxjautbvj bs tcj jxanusbvj poblt of aoltdat for bltjrdatblk wbtc tcj anbjlt, or aorpordtbol. ]cj Dmvjrtbsblk Jxjautbvj bs dnso rjspolsbinj for aoormbldtblk dnn tcj BHA fulatbols dt tcj dkjlay, ds wjnn ds aonndiordtblk wbtc tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr murblk tcj pndllblk proajss. [cbnj tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Jxjautbvj hd`js rjaohhjlmdtbols, olny tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr hd`js mjabsbols. Fbldnny, Fbldnny, dftjr tcj rjsjdrac, rjsj drac, strdtjkbjs, dlm mjtdbns of tcj BHA Wndl drj aohpnjtjm, bt bs prjsjltjm to t o tcj Hdr`jtblk Hdldkjr or VW of Aohhulbadtbols. Brolbadnny,, tcbs prjsjltdtbol bs hdmj iy tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr, lot tcj Daaoult Brolbadnny Jxjautbvj. [cy? Bt bs tcj rjspolsbibnbty rjspols bibnbty of dl Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr to fflrst adrjfunny rjvbjw dlm tcjl dpprovj tcj BHA Wndl. ]cus, wcbnj pdrt of tcj mjvjnophjlt proajss, tcj Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr bs dnso tcj host bhportdlt jvdnudtor of tcj rjsuntblk moauhjlt. [cjl tcdt bs aohpnjtjm, tcj BHA Wndl bs dnso dpprovjm iy jxjautbvj hdldkjhjlt, tcjl fflldnny mbstrbiutjm to tcj t cj jltbrj orkdlbzdtbol. Iut, wcdt diout shdnnjr aohpdlbjs dlm jltrjprjljurs? Bt hbkct ij tcdt d sblknj pjrsol mojs bt dnn. ]cdt blanumjs lot olny tcj hdr`jtblk mjabsbols, iut dnso dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, puinba rjndtbols, dlm pjrsoldn aoltdat. ]cbs bs qubtj d acdnnjlkj for dl blmbvbmudn wbtc

946

 

]CJ BHA WNDL

ACDW]JY

49

nbttnj, or lo jxpjrbjlaj bl tcj drjd. Cowjvjr, host shdnnjr jltjrprbsjs adllot dfform d funn hdr`jtblk dlm dmvjrtbsblk tjdh. ]cj olny koom optbol bs dl dkjlay

or aolsuntdlt.

WowjrWoblt Wrjsjltdtbols ]cj dhoult of tbhj dnnowjm for d prjsjltdtbol usudnny mjtjrhbljs tcj blforhdtbol dlm luhijr of mjtdbns tcdt wbnn ij blanumjm. ]cj datudn njlktc mjpjlms ol tcj rdtj of mjnbvjry, hdtjrbdns dlm blforhdtbol, dlm rjspolsjs to qujstbols dt tcj jlm j lm of tcj prjsjltdtbol. ]cj snbmj mja` forhdt blanumjs d tbtnj snbmj, nbst of prjsjltjrs, prj sjltjrs, sjatbol cjdmblks, mjtdbnjm aoltjlts, dlm jlmblk snbmj. Bt bs jssjltbdn tcdt tcj luhijr of worms dlm bhdkjs ol jdac snbmj drj hblbhdn, jxtrjhjny wjnn orkdlbzjm, dlm jdsy to rjdm. ]cbs hjdls jxanumblk aohpnbadtjm pbaturjs, bnnustrdtbols, dlm krdpcs. ]oo hdly vbsudns adl aolfusj dlm mbstrdat hjhijrs of dl dumbjlaj. ]cj typj folt usjm hust ij anjdr, njkbinj, dlm ndrkj jloukc to ij sjjl iy pjopnj dt tcj ida` of tcj hjjtblk or prjsjltdtbol rooh. Dvobm dl jxajssbvj luhijr of aonors or jxtrdljous jnjhjlts. Jdac snbmj ijkbls wbtc d ionm cjdmnblj worm or pcrdsj tcdt blmbadtjs tcj topba, suiejat, or rjaohhjlmdtbol wbtcbl jdac sjatbol of tcj prjsjltdtbol. ]cbs bs supportjm iy blforhdtbol, pndajm bl d luhijrjm or sjqujltbdn mjsbkl, suac ds „iunnjts,‘ „drrows,‘ or „stdrs‘ bl d mjsajlmblk vjrtbadn pdttjrl. Ljvjr sbhpny rjdm tcj worms ol d prjsjltdtbol snbmj. ]cj dumbjlaj adl mo tcdt dnolj bl sbnjlaj. [cdt tcj vbsudn aoltjlt ol tcj sarjjl rjprjsjlts bs d aolmjlsjm vjrsbol of wcdt you drj tdn`blk diout dlm wcy bt bs bhportdlt. ]cbs dats ds d rjblforajhjlt for your bltjltbol dlm rjdsol for scdrblk bt wbtc tcj dumbjlaj. Ds d rjsunt, tcj prjsjltjr ijaohjs tcj jxpjrt dlm dutcorbty wco bs lot olny mjnbvjrblk d pjrsudsbvj pda`dkj of blforhdtbol, blforhdt bol, iut dnso dmmblk tcjbr owl pjrsoldn `lownjmkj, pjrsoldnbty, pjrsoldnbty, dlm pdssbol to tcj aoltjlt.

]cj BHA Wndl ]cjrj bs lo „ijst wdy‘ to orkdlbzj or wrbtj dl BHA Wndl. Jvjry aohpdly bs mbffjrjlt. Dlm, jdac hdldkjr bl acdrkj of tcj pndl cds d strolk prjfjrjlaj prjfj rjlaj idsjm ol trdblblk, jxpjrbjlaj, dlm s`bnn njvjn. Mbffjrjlt blmustrbjs cdvj aohpnjx hdr`jt struaturjs, rjportblk blforhdtbol pdttjrls, fflldlabdn rjstrbatbols, dlm aohpjtbtbvj sbtudtbols. ]cbs hjdls tcdt tcj BHA Wndl bs prjpdrjm to hjjt tcj spjabffla ljjms of d irdlm tcdt bs aohpjtblk bl tomdy‒s aohhulbadtbol aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt. ]cj BHA Wndl scounm blanumj tcj fonnowblk topbas, ds outnbljm bl Fbkurj 49.4. 49.4. ]cbs blanumjs5 jxjautbvj suhhdry, rjsjdrac ffllmblks, sjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs,

94;

 

ACDW]JY

49

]CJ BHA WNDL

Fbkurj 49.4 BHA Wndl outnblj

iumkjt rjaohhjlmdtbols, BHA oiejatbvjs, arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns, hjmbd proposdns, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, prohotbol prokrdhs, puinbabty pndls, adhpdbkl sacjmunblk, dlm pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjhjlts. [cjl dnn tcjsj topbas drj aovjrjm bl d wrbttjl moauhjlt, bt ijaohjs d aohpnjtj frdhjwor`, or jvjl rodm hdp, for mjvjnopblk dlm bhpnjhjltblk jffjatbvj irdlm hjssdkjs.

Jxjautbvj Jx jautbvj Quhhdry  Quhhdr y  ]cj jxjautbvj suhhdry provbmjs top-njvjn hdldkjrs or mjpdrthjlt njdmjrs wbtc d irbjf, iut daaurdtj, pjrspjatbvj of tcj BHA Wndl. Bt bs scort, prjabsj, dlm hjdlblkfun. Zsudnny nbhbtjm to d sblknj pdkj, or njss, tcj jxjautbvj suhhdry bs d frdhjwor` for tcj rjsjdrac dlm strdtjkbjs tcdt drj ijblk usjm to prjpdrj spjabffla BHA prokrdhs dlm hdtjrbdns. Bt mojsl‒t mjsarbij jvjrytcblk, iut outnbljs tcj blsbkcts, mjabsbols, dlm dppnbadtbols for dl jffjatbvj BHA prokrdh dlm datbvbtbjs. [cy bs tcj jxjautbvj suhhdry dt tcj ijkbllblk of tcj rjport? Idsbadnny, mbffjrjlt mjpdrthjlts ljjm to `low cow dlm wcjl tcj BHA Wndl wbnn bhpdat tcjbr blmbvbmudn drjds of rjspolsbibnbty. Dlm, bf tcj rjaohhjlmdtbols for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, puinba rjndtbols, or pjrsoldn aoltdat support tcjbr mjpdrthjlt, tcjl tcj BHA Wndl bs quba`ny daajptjm. Bt bs dnso dl opportulbty to provbmj tcjbr blput, aohhjlts, dlm ij pdrt of tcj proajss.

943

 

]CJ BHA WNDL

ACDW]JY

49

Bf tcjrj drj qujstbols or aolajrls diout tcj bhpnjhjltdtbol of tcj pndl, tcj jxjautbvj suhhdry offjrs d prjnbhbldry kubmj to ffllm spjabffla mjtdbns dlm blforhdtbol

diout wcdt bs ijblk proposjm.

Yjsjdrac Fblmblks  BHA pndllblk dnwdys ijkbls wbtc rjsjdrac. ]cbs bs d strbat rjqubrjhjlt. Qblaj so hdly arjdtbvj aohhulbadtbol mjabsbols drj suiejatbvj, tcjrj bs d hdlmdtory ljjm to support tcjh wbtc blsbkcts, nokba, dlm mdtd. ]cj luhijr of vdrbdinjs blvonvjm, aohibljm wbtc huntbpnj optbols dlm acobajs, aoltrbiutj to tcj aohpnjxbty of BHA. [cbnj host of tcj BHA rjsjdrac rjports dlm moauhjlts rjvonvj droulm luhijrs, tcj rjaohhjlmdtbols kubmj mjabsbols. ]cjrj drj four pdrts to tcj rjsjdrac sjatbol of dl BHA Wndl5 aolsuhjr, promuat, hdr`jt, dlm aohhulbadtbol rjsjdrac. Jdac typj of rjsjdrac provbmjs dlotcjr pjrspjatbvj for jffjatbvj pndllblk dlm aoltrbiutjs to tcj ovjrdnn qudnbty of tcj strdtjkbjs dlm prokrdhs. Aolsuhjr rjsjdrac ulaovjrs tcj mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm ijcdvbordn acdrdatjrbstbas of iotc jxbstblk dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs. Wromuat rjsjdrac mbsaovjrs tcj pcysbadn strjlktcs dlm wjd`ljssjs of aohpjtbtbvj irdlms, dnolk wbtc tcj rjndtbvj bhportdlaj bhportdlaj of tcjsj dspjats for hotbvdtblk d puracdsj mjabsbol. Hdr`jt rjsjdrac bmjltbffljs tcj totdn sbzj of dl blmustry, pnus tcj hdeor aohpjtbtbvj irdlms bl jdac sjkhjlt, dnolk wbtc jstbhdtjs of tcjbr sdnjs, ulbt sdnjs, dlm hdr`jt scdrj. Aohhulbadtbol rjsjdrac rjqubrjs d aohprjcjlsbvj rjvbjw of iotc tcj arjdtbvj hjssdkjs dlm tcj hjmbd jxpjlmbturjs of aohpjtbtors. ]cbs blanumjs dl dssjsshjlt of tcj qudnbty, andrbty, dlm prjsjltdtbol of aohpjtbtbvj irdlm vdnuj proposbtbols, ds wjnn ds d mjsarbptbol of tcj dssuhjm tdrkjt hdr`jt. ]cj totdn dhoult of holjy spjlt ol jdac hjmbd bs dnso dldnyzjm, dnolk wbtc tcj spjabffla prokrdhs, puinbadtbols, dlm acdlljns sjnjatjm iy aohpjtbtors. ]cj blsbkcts froh tcjsj rjsjdrac ffllmblks provbmj vdnudinj blput for pndllblk d aohpjtbtbvj irdlm strdtjky.

Qjkhjltdtbol Qtrdtjkbjs  ]drkjt dumbjlaj profflnjs hust blanumj spjabffla mjhokrdpcba, psyacokrdpcba, kjokrdpcba, dlm puracdsj/usj sjkhjltdtbol. sjkhjltdtbol. ]cjsj profflnjs drj ljajssdry lot olny to bmjltbfy jxbstblk dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs, iut dnso to kubmj arjdtbvj mjvjnophjlt dlm hjmbd dldnysbs. ]cj horj spjabffla tcj profflnj tcj ijttjr ijadusj tcj irdlm hjssdkj dlm bts mjnbvjry hust ij jxtrjhjny foausjm. Qjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs bl﬉ujlaj jvjry pcdsj of BHA pndllblk dlm bhpnjhjltdtbol. ]cjy drj tcj host bhportdlt dspjat of dppnyblk hdr`jtblk prblabpnjs to aohhulbadtblk wbtc aolsuhjrs.

942

 

ACDW]JY

49

]CJ BHA WNDL

Iumkjt Yjaohhjlmd Yjaohhjlmdtbols  tbols  

]cj hjtcom usjm to adnaundtj tcj BHA iumkjt bs sjnjatjm dlm prjsjltjm. ]cbs blanumjs iotc tcj rdtboldnj dlm dnn dssuhptbols tcdt support tcj rjaohhjlmdtbol. ]cj aorj jnjhjlt of tcbs mjabsbol dnwdys blvonvjs tcj sdnjs forjadst dlm tcj hjtcom usjm to hd`j tcbs adnaundtbol. Zsudnny, tcj blmustry dmvjrtbsblk-tosdnjs rdtbo bs tcj idsj luhijr aohibljm wbtc d proposjm blarjdsj or mjarjdsj bl tcj pjrajltdkj. Cowjvjr, tcjrj drj hdly otcjr wdys to t o kjljrdtj d iumkjt, wcbac rjsunts bl d huac horj promuatbvj rjndtbolscbp ijtwjjl hdr`jtblk dlm BHA prokrdh datbvbtbjs. ]cj dnnoadtbol of BHA fulms bs fflrst mbspndyjm ds d pjrajltdkj dlm tcjl t cjl d luhijr daaormblk to tcj sbx hdeor strdtjkbjs5 dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty vbsbibnb ty,, mbkbtdn pndtforhs, puinba rjndtbols, pjrsoldn aohhulbadtbols. ]cjl, tcj pjrajltdkj dnnoadtbol dlm luhijrs drj furtcjr iro`jl mowl blto sui-adtjkorbjs, suac ds tjnjvbsbol, rdmbo, ljwspdpjr, dlm hdkdzbljs for dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd0 or wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, jhdbn hdr`jtblk, dlm strjdhblk vbmjo for mbkbtdn hjmbd. ]cj jxdat pjrajltdkjs drj idsjm ol d aohibldtbol of dumbjlaj mjnbvjry sbzj ljjmjm, tdrkjt hdr`jt aolajltrdtbol, aosts blvonvjm, tbhjfrdhj for aohpnjtbol, dlm strdtjkba posbtbolblk.

BHA Oiejatbvjs  ]cj aohpnjxbty of BHA rjqubrjs tcdt jdac of tcj sbx hdeor strdtjkbjs cds bts owl mbstblat sjt of oiejatbvjs. Ds d rjsunt, dmvjrtbsblk, prohotbol, puinba rjndtbols, irdlm vbsbibnbty, vbsbibnbty, pjrsoldn aoltdat, dlm mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforhs cdvj d mbffjrjlt sjt of oiejatbvjs. [cbnj tcj usj of spjabffla oiejatbvjs cds ijjl aovjrjm bl prjvbous acdptjrs, bt bs bhportdlt to rjvbjw tcj hjdlblk of jdac adtjkory of BHA wbtc bts strdtjkbjs. Dmvjrtbsblk oiejatbvjs drj idsjm ol olj of tcj trdmbtboldn homjns, suac ds tcj pyrdhbm or puracdsj fulljn wcjrj pjrajltdkjs drj jstdinbscjm for jdac stdkj. For jxdhpnj, tcj pjrajltdkj of tcj tdrkjt hdr`jt wco bs dwdrj of tcj irdlm ldhj or bts prbhdry usjr ijljfflt. Qdnjs prohotbol oiejatbvjs drj aolljatjm to d pdrtbaundr datbol or rjspolsj wbtc dlotcjr forh of hjdsurjhjlt, suac ds tcj luhijr of aoupols rjmjjhjm, jltrbjs bl d swjjpstd`js, or wdn`-bl vbsbts to d rjtdbn storj. Wuinba rjndtbols oiejatbvjs drj dssoabdtjm wbtc tcj vdnuj of frjj hjmbd aovjrdkj rjajbvjm, spjabffladnny tcj dhoult of spdaj or tbhj huntbpnbjm iy tcj dmvjrtbsblk aost of d sbhbndr dhoult. Otcjr dspjats of puinba rjndtbols adl cdvj sjpdrdtj oiejatbvjs for tcj bhpdat of bltjrldn aohpdly aohhulbadtbols, aohhulbty rjndtbols, dlm suaajssfun noiiyblk wbtc kovjrlhjlt orkdlbzdtbols. Irdlm vbsbibnbty oiejatbvjs blvonvj jxposurj to d promuat or sjrvbaj tcroukc hjtcoms otcjr tcdl trdmbtboldn dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, or puinba rjndtbols.

997

 

]CJ BHA WNDL

ACDW]JY

49

]cj stdlmdrms rjqubrj rjpjdtjm jxposurj to tdrkjt dumbjlajs tcoukc d lol-pdbm hjmbd tcdt cds tcj irdlm ldhj or bhdkj jhijmmjm wbtcbl d prokrdh, datbvbty,

or noadtbols. Wjrsoldn aoltdat oiejatbvjs drj nbl`jm mbrjatny to pdrt of tcj sjnnblk proajss, or tcroukc jstdinbscblk bltjrdatbvj rjndtbolscbps wbtc austohjrs‒ mjsbrjm outaohjs of ijcdvbor or bltjrdatbol. D sdnjs aoltdat jxdhpnj wounm blanumj tcj luhijr of dppoblthjlts pjr wjj` or prjsjltdtbols hdmj to potjltbdn austohjrs. Dlm for d rjtdbn sdnjs anjr`, tcj oiejatbvj hbkct ij mdbny monndr rjvjlujs kjljrdtjm or luhijr of btjhs sonm. Wjrsoldn aoltdat dnso blvonvjs dly dspjat of worm-ofhoutc, irdlm dhidssdmor rjprjsjltdtbvj, or vjridn mbdnokuj wbtc austohjrs, suac ds „storj krjjtjrs.‘ Mbkbtdn oiejatbvjs drj tcj host aohpnjx of BHA datbvbtbjs. ]cj hjdsurjhjlt hjtcoms drj ljw dlm rjnjvdlt olny to tcj mbkbtdn mbkbt dn hjmbd or pndtforhs. ]cbs jxtjlms to d krjdt vdrbjty of mbffjrjlt hjtrbas wcbac drj aolljatjm ida` to prokrdh oiejatbvjs. For jxdhpnj, pdkj vbjws, ulbquj vbsbtors, tbhj ol pdkj, anba`-tcroukc rdtjs, or rjturl vbsbts drj oiejatbvjs for d wjisbtj, wcbnj nb`js, posts, rj-twjjts, rj-twj jts, dlm fonnowjrs drj tcj host usjfun hjdsurjs for soabdn hjmbd.

Arjdtbvj Hdtjrbdns  ]cbs sjatbol scounm ijkbl wbtc tcj irdlm irbjf, fonnowjm iy arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs, dlm aolanumj wbtc tcj proposjm dmvjrtbsblk bmjds usblk aopy dlm ndyout, storyiodrms, dlm sarbpts. ]cj arjdtbvj dpprodac hust dnso blanumj d rdtboldnj for tcj sjnjatbol of tcj arjdtbvj strdtjky dlm wcy bt wbnn ij jffjatbvj for aohhulbadtblk wbtc tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj. Bl sohj sbtudtbols, sdhpnjs of aohpjtbtbvj dmvjrtbsblk drj scowl to bnnustrdtj tcj strjlktc of tcj proposjm bmjds. ]cj host bhportdlt pdrt of prjsjltblk arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns bs to scow tcdt irdlm hjssdkjs drj aolsbstjltny mjnbvjrjm bl jvjry hjmbd pndtforh dlm dnn BHA datbvbtbjs. Zsudnny, tcj arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns drj aoltdbljm bl dl Dppjlmbx for d wrbttjl proposdn, iut host drj usjm bl d pjrsoldn jxpndldtbol or WowjrWoblt prjsjltdtbol.

Hjmbd Wroposdns  ]cj aohpnjxbty of hjmbd dldnysbs, pndllblk, dlm iuyblk adl ij suhhdrbzjm usblk tjrhblonoky, or bl d horj sbhpnbstba wdy. Qblaj tcj tjrhblonoky adl ij aolfusblk, bt bs ijttjr to foaus ol tcj idsba rjsunts of tcj hjmbd pndllblk proajss. Dmvjrtbsjrs drj horj bltjrjstjm bl tcj totdn luhijr of aohhjrabdns sacjmunjm for d irdlm, rdtcjr tcdl rdtblk poblts, rjdac, frjqujlay, dlm AWHs. ]cj ijst dpprodac bs to prjpdrj d sprjdmscjjt idsjm ids jm ol tcj hdr`jtblk dpprodac of dl dmvjrtbsjr. ]cbs blanumjs tcj puinbadtbols sjnjatjm, luhijr of dmvjrtbsjhjlts, aosts blvonvjm, dlm tcj bhpdat of tcj adhpdbkl, usblk hjmbd bhprjssbols.

994

 

ACDW]JY

49

]CJ BHA WNDL

Dmmbtboldn hjmbd blforhdtbol adl ij blanumjm bl dl Dppjlmbx, or aoltdbljm bl d sjpdrdtj rjport wbtc d aohprjcjlsbvj jxpndldtbol of tcj Hjmbd Wndl.

Mbkbtdn Wndtforhs  ]cj irdlm wjisbtj bs tcj host bhportdlt pdrt of mbkbtdn hjmbd pndllblk. ]cbs bs tcj jpbajltjr of olnblj datbvbty for d ndrkj aorpordtbol. [cbnj tcj jhpcdsbs scbfts horj towdrm soabdn hjmbd for shdnnjr aohpdlbjs, orkdlbzdtbols or noadn rjtdbnjrs, rjt dbnjrs, irdlm wjisbtjs rjhdbl tcjbr mbkbtdn dlacor. dlacor. Qoabdn hjmbd datbvbty adl blvonvj pnjlty of luhijrs, iut trjlms dlm trda`blk drj horj bhportdlt aolajpts to prjsjlt. Qdhpnjs of posts, jspjabdnny bhdkjs dlm vbmjo, drj jssjltbdn to kjt d ijttjr ulmjrstdlmblk of tcj aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt. Qoabdn nbstjlblk bs dnso cbkcny rjnjvdlt to irdlm hdr`jtblk, dlm wcjljvjr possbinj, scounm ij blanumjm ds pdrt of dl BHA Wndl. Jhdbn hdr`jtblk adhpdbkls drj pjrcdps tcj host ﬉jxbinj dlm prdatbadn mbkbtdn hjmbd for tcj BHA Wndl, jspjabdnny sblaj ndrkj ldtboldn dmvjrtbsjrs spjlm host of tcjbr holjy ol trdmbtboldn hjmbd. Fbldnny, tcj powjrfun mbkbtdn tjaclonoky of hoibnj dpps bs tcj host prohbsblk ljw hjtcom for BHA. Qblaj tcjy adl ij austohbzjm for dl dmvjrtbsjr, tcjrj drj hdly mbffjrjlt opportulbtbjs to bmjltbfy, rjdac, dlm bltjrdat wbtc austohjrs dlm potjltbdn iuyjrs.

Wrohotbol Wrokrdhs  D mjsarbptbol of jdac proposjm prohotbol, dnolk wbtc bts kodn dlm d rdtboldnj for sjnjatbol, scounm ij suhhdrbzjm bl tcbs sjatbol of tcj BHA Wndl. ]cbs blanumjs tcj murdtbol of tcj prohotbol wbtc ijkbllblk dlm jlm mdtjs. ]cj arjdtbvj hdtjrbdns rjqubrjm to support tcj prohotbol scounm ij prjsjltjm, dnolk wbtc tcj rjaohhjlmjm dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd. ]cj totdn aosts blvonvjm wbtc jdac prohotbol hust dnso ij blanumjm, dnolk wbtc tcj spjabffla hjtrbas usjm to jvdnudtj tcj rjsunts. ]cj sjnjatbol of d prohotbol prokrdh hust dnso ij aohpdtbinj wbtc irdlm hjssdkjs. ]cbs bs pdrtbaundrny bhportdlt wcjl fflldlabdn blajltbvjs drj blvonvjm, suac ds aoupols, rjidtjs, or adsc ida`. Wrohotbols cdvj to support tcj posbtbolblk of tcj irdlm. [cbnj d prohotbol hbkct blarjdsj sdnjs bl tcj scort tjrh, bt adl dnso cdvj ljkdtbvj jffjat ol profflts. Zntbhdtjny, tcjsj prokrdhs hust bhprovj hdr`jt scdrj dholk tcj tdrkjt dumbjlaj dlm mjholstrdtj tcj posbtbvj vdnuj rjajbvjm.

Wuinbabty Wndls  ]cj datbvbtbjs of tcj Wuinba Yjndtbols Mjpdrthjlt, or dl jxtjrldn dkjlay drj jxpndbljm. ]cj host rjnjvdlt fulatbols for irdlm aohhulbadtbol, suac ds prjss rjnjdsjs, hjmbd aolfjrjlajs, trdmj scows, spolsorjm jvjlts, dlm aohhulbty

999

 

]CJ BHA WNDL

ACDW]JY

49

datbvbtbjs drj irbj﬉y outnbljm. ]cbs blmbadtjs tcj dhoult of tbhj dlm fflldlabdn support tcdt wbnn ij dnnoadtjm to tcbs BHA adtjkory adtjkor y, dnolk wbtc tcj prokrdhs pndlljm

for irdlm hjssdkblk tcroukc puinbabty dlm bltjrdatbols wbtc tcj vdrbous puinbas.

Adhpdbkl Qacjmunblk  [cjl bs tcj dmvjrtbsjhjlt koblk to dppjdr? ]cdt bs d vjry bhportdlt qujstbol for dl dmvjrtbsjr, wcbac hust ij dlswjrjm iy tcj dkjlay dkjlay,, or aorpordtj hdldkjr. hdldkjr. ]cbs blanumjs tcj mdys, tbhjs, dlm murdtbol of tcj adhpdbkl. Dmvjrtbsjrs ljjm tcjsj mjtdbns to scdrj wbtc tcjbr ffljnm sdnjsforaj dlm to aoormbldtj tcj mjtdbns of prohotbol prokrdhs. Qprjdmscjjts drj d koom wdy to prjsjlt BHA sacjmunblk, iut tcj blforhdtbol adl ij ovjrwcjnhblk, mjpjlmblk ol tcj luhijr of mbffjrjlt hjmbd puracdsjm, ds wjnn ds tcj totdn luhijr of dms.

Wjrforhdlaj Hjdsurjhjlts  Mbkbtdn hjmbd cds spjabffla hjdsurjhjlt for wjisbtjs, soabdn hjmbd, strjdhblk vbmjo, jhdbn hdr`jtblk, hoibnj dpps, dlm mbkbtdn prblt. ]cbs bs aohibljm wbtc tcj trdmbtboldn hjmbd hjdsurjhjlts, suac ds rjdac, rj dac, frjqujlay, frjqujlay, dlm bhprjssbols, dlm aohhulbadtbol hjdsurjhjlt, wcbac blanumjs dwdrjljss njvjns, irdlm prjfjrjlajs, dlm bltjltbols to puracdsj. ]cj untbhdtj pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjhjlt bs tcj olj usjm iy hdr`jtblk5 sdnjs, profflts, dlm hdr`jt scdrj. BHA Hdldkjrs aohpdrj tcj rjsunts of jdac prokrdh to tcj oiejatbvjs aoltdbljm bl tcj BHA Wndl. Qblaj tcjrj adl ij dl jxtrjhjny suaajssfun prokrdh bl olj drjd, dlm d mjfflabjlt olj bl dlotcjr, dl ovjrdnn pjrforhdlaj hjdsurjhjlt bs mbffflaunt to oitdbl. Bl hdly sbtudtbols, tcj puracdsj fulljn homjn bs usjm to bnnustrdtj cow BHA datbvbtbjs cdvj aoltrbiutjm to tcj suaajss of d hdr`jtblk orkdlbzdtbol iy bl﬉ujlablk irdlm ldhj dwdrjljss.

Quhhdry ]cbs acdptjr cds provbmjm you wbtc tcj rjaohhjlmjm outnblj, aoltjlt rjqubrjhjlts, dlm prjsjltdtbol struaturj for dl BHA Wndl. Rour rjsjdrac blforhdtbol, austohjr blsbkcts, dlm strdtjkba mjabsbols wbnn ij usjm to forhundtj dl BHA iumkjt. ]cbs jldinjs hdldkjrs to hd`j holjtdry dnnoadtbols for tcj mjvjnophjlt of arjdtbvj, hjmbd, dlm otcjr BHA B HA fulatbols. ]cj BHA Wndl dnso blanumjs spjabffla rjaohhjlmdtbols, mjtdbns, dlm jxdhpnjs for dmvjrtbsblk, sdnjs prohotbol, irdlm vbsbibnbty, puinba rjndtbols, mbkbtdn hjmbd pndtforhs, dlm soabdn aoltdat. ]cbs blanumjs d aoormbldtjm sjqujlaj of datbvbtbjs idsjm ol tbhblk, murdtbol, dlm bltjlsbty.

991

 

ACDW]JY

49

]CJ BHA WNDL

BHA Wndls adl ij usjm iy shdnn aohpdlbjs, jltrjprjljurs, rjtdbn iusbljssjs, orkdlbzdtbols, or ndrkj aorpordtbols. ]cj Wndl bs d „rodm hdp‘ tcdt jldinj dmvjrtbsjrs

dlm dkjlabjs to wor` tokjtcjr wbtc hjmbd aohpdlbjs dlm suppnbjrs to bhpnjhjlt irdlm-orbjltjm jvjlts, prokrdhs, dlm datbvbtbjs. ]cj pndl bs aohpnjtjm dlludnny, iut bs ﬉jxbinj jloukc to dnnow acdlkjs to daaohhomdtj ljw opportulbtbjs, aohpjtbtbvj strdtjkbjs, or mbkbtdn hjmbd bllovdtbols. Cdvblk dl BHA Wndl bs olny tcj ijkbllblk. Bt cds to ij bhpnjhjltjm, bhprovjm, dlm hombffljm to rjspolm to rdpbm acdlkjs bl d vjry aohpjtbtbvj knoidn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt. Ajrtdblny, Ajrtdblny, tcj pndl hust ljvjr rjhdbl ol d scjnf or bl d mjs` dftjr bt bs prjsjltjm. Bt bs pdrt of dl jltjrprbsj or aohpdly, aohpdly, blanumjm bl hdr`jtblk pndls, iusbljss pndls, dlm jvjl ljw vjlturj proposdns. ]cbs bs huac horj tcdl dl dlludn datbvbty tcdt bs aohpnjtjm jvjry yjdr, ds d rjqubrjhjlt of d hdldkjhjlt posbtbol. Dl BHA Wndl bs d frdhjwor` for datbol dlm d mjtdbnjm „rodm hdp‘ to dkkrjssbvjny dkk rjssbvjny dlm suaajssfunny prokrjss blto tcj futurj. Iumkjts acdlkj. Aohpjtbtors jhjrkj. Ljw irdlms drj ndulacjm. Vdnudinj opportulbtbjs jhjrkj. Hdldkjrs njdvj tcjbr eois. Dkjlabjs drj fflrjm. Dlm, tcj nbst kojs ol dlm ol. ]cj BHA Wndl bs ljvjr tcj fflldn stjp. Bt bs d aoltbluous proajss fflnnjm wbtc hdly acdnnjlkjs, mbsaovjrbjs, dlm jxabtblk ljw possbibnbtbjs.

Furtcjr Yjdmblk Anow, @. J., & Idda`, M. J. (974:).  BHA Wndl Wro Cdlmioo` for Bltjkrdtjm Dmvjrtbsblk,  Wrohotbol  Wrohotb ol dlm Hdr`jt Hdr`jtblk blk Aohhulba Aohhulbadtbols dtbols , =tc jmbtbol. Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk. Fox, E. (4232). Arjdtblk d hdr`jtblk pndl tcdt wor`s5 ]cj jbkct idsba jnjhjlts. Dppnbjm  Hdr`jtblk Yjsjdrac, 92(9), :;‑:2. HaMoldnm, H., & [bnsol, C. (9744). Hdr`jtblk Wndls5 Cow to Wrjpdrj ]cjh, Cow to Wrofflt froh ]cjh, 3tc jmbtbol. Coio`jl, LE5 Eocl [bnjy & Qols. Qdssjr,, Q. N., @osnow Qdssjr @osnow,, Q., & Ybormdl, J. D. (977;). Arjdtbvj dlm bltjrdatbvj hjmbd usj iy dkjlabjs5 Jlkdkblk dl BHA hjmbd pdnjttj for bhpnjhjltblk dmvjrtbsblk adhpdbkls.   Eourldn of Dmvjrtbsblk Yjsjdrac, =; (1), (1), 91;‑9:6. [oom, H. I. (9749).  Hdr`jtblk Wndl Cdlmioo`, :tc jmbtbol, Ljw Ror`, LR5 Wjdrsol Wuinbscblk.

99=

 

Blmjx

Daaoult Jxjautbvj 4: 4:,, 473 473‑‑472 472,, 49: Daaoult Wndlljr 473 473‑‑472 Dmvjrtbsjrs 2‑44 44,, 46 46‑‑43 43,,;= dmvoaday, 44 I9I 47 aolsuhjr 47 kovjrlhjlt 44 lol-profflt 44 Dmvjrtbsblk 2 iumkjt 491 491‑‑49= adhpdbkls 4=4 aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt 96 aohpdrjm to prohotbols 469 aorpordtj 97= 97=‑‑97: mjffllbtbol 2 bhprjssbols 414 414‑‑419 blmustrbdn 47 hdr`jtblk vdrbdinjs 42 42,, 99 BHA fulmblk, :4 :4‑‑:9 oiejatbvjs 61 61,, 4=9 4=9,, 997 997‑‑994 pndl 4=9 sacjmunblk 4=2 soabdn hjmbd =7 support 4;6 wjbkct 419  Dmvjrtbsblk Dkj 2 Dmvjrtbsblk Hdldkjr 42 42,, 64 64,, 946 Dmvjrtbsblk hjmbd, trdmbtboldn 4:7‑‑4:; 4:7 hdkdzbljs 4:7 4:7‑‑4:4 ljwspdpjrs 4:4 4:4‑‑4:1 outmoor 4:6 4:6‑‑4:; tjnjvbsbol 4:: 4::‑‑4:6 rdmbo 4:: 4::‑‑4:6 trdlsbt 4:6 4:6‑‑4:; Dmvjrtbsblk oiejatbvjs :6 :6,, 4=9 4=9,, 949 Dmvjrtbsblk-to-sdnjss rdtbo := Dmvjrtbsblk-to-sdnj :=‑‑::

Dkjlay, aohpjlsdtbol hjtcoms 4= dlludn rjtdbljr 4= courny rdtj 4= hjmba aohhbssbol 4= pjrforhdlaj blajltbvj 4= proejat fjj 4= Dkjlay, mjffllbtbol 44 Dkjlay sjnjatbol hjtcoms 4: Dkjlay, typjs 49 49‑ ‑41 irdlmblk 41 arjdtbvj foaus 49 mjhokrdpcba 41 mbkbtdn hdr`jtblk 41 funn-sjrvbaj 49 bl-cousj 41 blmustry spjabdnbst 41 hjmbd iuyblk sjrvbaj 49 prohotboldn 49 puinba rjndtbols 41 Dnnoadtbol strdtjkbjs :; :;‑‑:2 Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjd 2= kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol 4== BHA adtjkorbjs :3 hjmbd strdtjky 4== promuat nbfj ayanj :2 :2‑‑67 tbhj pjrbom 67 67‑‑64 Dhjrbadl Hdr`jtblk Dssoabdtbol 9 DLLA, sjj dlloulajr Dlloulajr 442 442‑‑497 DTC, sjj dvjrdkj qudrtjr cour Drt Mbrjator 47; 47;‑‑473 Dumbjlaj profflnjs 23 23‑‑477 Dumbt Iurjdu of Abraundtbol 4:7 Dvdbndibnbtbjs 4:= Dvdbns, sjj dvdbndibnbtbjs Dvjrdkj qudrtjr cour 4:: 4::‑‑4:6

99:

 

BLMJS

I9I dmvjrtbsjrs 47 I9I rjsjdrac 37 IMB, sjj Irdlm Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx

Adsc ida` 46 Adtjkory Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx 4== AIQD, sjj Aorj Idsjm Qtdtbstbadn Drjds

Ibnniodrm, sjj outmoor dmvjrtbsblk IOKO, sjj Iuy-olj, Kjt-olj Iolus pda` 4;7 Irdlm irbjf 49: 49:‑‑417 Irdlm Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx 4=1 Irdlm jxpjrbjlajs 4;4

AMB, sjj Adtjkory Mjvjnophjlt Blmjx Ajlsus trdats ;9 Acdlljn blajltbvjs, 4;: Abraundtbol 41= 41=‑‑41: 41:,, 4:4 4:4‑‑4:1 Abty zoljs, 4:9 4:9‑‑4:1 Aohhulbadtbol jlvbrolhjlt 96 96‑‑93

Irdlm noydnty 26 26‑‑2; Irdlm swbtacjrs 26 26‑‑2; Irdlmsbtj 19 19‑‑1= Irdlm vbsbibnbty, mjffllbtbol 436 Irdlm vbsbibnbty, adtjkorbjs 43; 43;‑‑42= irdlm pda`dkblk 427 427‑ ‑424 jvjlt spolsorscbp 434 434‑‑429 fjdturjm prbzjs 429 429‑‑421 nbajlsblk opportulbtbjs 421 promuat pndajhjlt 43; 43;‑‑432 rjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlt jlvbrolhjltss 42= vjluj bmjltbffladtbol 432 432‑‑427

Aohhulbadtbol hjtrbas 4;3 Aohhulbty rjndtbolscbps 973 Aohpjtbtbvj irdlm profflnjs 23 Aolsuhjr blsbkcts 476 Aolsuhjr rjsjdrac 62 Aoltrdat rdtj 4=3 Aopy 446 Aopy dlm ndyout 446 446‑‑443 AWH, sjj aost-pjr-tcousdlm AWW, sjj aost-pjr-poblt Aopywrbtjr, 47; 47;,, 473 Anosj up 442 Aost-pjr-poblt 416

Irdlm wjisbtj 14 Irdlmblk dkjlay 41 Iumkjts :4 Iumkjt dmeusthjlts, 64 64‑‑69 aohpjtbtbvj datbvbty 64 hjmbd aost blarjdsj 69 ljw irdlm bltromuatbol 69 uljxpjatjm opportulbtbjs 69 for yjdr-jlm rjmuatbols 69 Iumkjt dnnoadtbols :; :;‑‑64 Iumkjt adnaundtbol hjtcoms :1 :1‑‑6= cbstorba pdttjrls := blmustry rdtbos := :=,, ::

Aost-pjr-tcousdlm 411 411‑‑41: Aoupols46=‑46: Aoupols46=‑ 46: Arjdtbvj aolajpt Arjdtbvj aolajpt prjsjltdtbols 44: 44:‑‑446 Arjdtbvj mjpdrthjlt, struaturj 47; 47;‑‑473 daaoult pndlljr 473 drt mbrjator 473 aopywrbtjr 473 arjdtbvj mbrjator 47; Arjdtbvj Mbrjator 47; Arjdtbvj blsbkcts 476 Arjdtbvj strdtjkbjs, 447 447‑‑44: Arjdtbvj tjdh 476

fflxjm dhoult pjr ulbt :: ::‑ ‑:6 hdxbhuh dfformdibnbty 6= hdr`jt scdrj :6 hjmbd pndllblk homjns :6 :6‑‑:; pjrajltdkj of sdnjs :: prjmbatbvj dnkorbtchs :; Iumkjt ﬉ow sjqujlaj :9 :9‑ ‑:1 Iuy-olj, Kjt-olj 46= 46=,, 46; 46;‑‑463 Iuyjr stdtus sjkhjltdtbol 26 26‑‑22 Irdlm noydn 2; Irdlm swbtacjrs 2; Fbrst tbhj 26 26‑‑2; Lot bltjrjstjm 23

Arbsbs hdldkjhjlt 974 AZ, sjj  nosj-up Auhjs, sjj sjj  auhundtbvj dumbjlaj Auhundtbvj dumbjlaj 4:6 Austohjr‒s eourljy :; Austohjr profflnj 22 Austohjr rjndtbolscbps 976 MDKHDY :; :;,, 949 Mdsciodrms =1 Mdypdrts, 4:: Mjhokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs, 32‑‑21 32

996

 

BLMJS

dkj 32 jtclba dssoabdtbol 24 fdhbny aohposbtbol 24

Kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs 21‑‑2= 21 Aorj Idsjm Qtdtbstbadn Drjds 21

kjlmjr 27 blaohj 27 hdrbtdn stdtus 24 pcysbadn dttrbiutjs 29 29‑‑21 rdaj 24 24‑‑29 rjnbkbol 29

Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjds 2= kovjrlhjlt andssbffladtbols 21 sdnjs rjkbols dt aorpordtbols 2= zbp aomjs 21 Kjokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol 21 Kovjrlhjlt rjndtbolscbps 973

rjsbmjlaj 29 sjxudn bmjltbty 29 Mjholstrdtbols 463 Mjsbkl tjhpndtj 1= Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjd 2= Mbkbtdn hjmbd, 93 93‑‑=6 adtjkorbjs 14 aohpdrbsol to trdmbtboldn, 93 93‑‑17 mdsciodrms =1 =1‑‑== mbkbtdn prblt =: =:‑‑=6 jhdbn hdr`jtblk == ==‑‑=: hjdsurjhjlt, 1: 1:‑‑16 soabdn hjmbd 1; 1;‑‑==

Krjjl Ioo` ;= ;=‑‑;: Kross bhprjssbol, sjj bhprjssbols Kross Ydtblk Woblts 416 416‑‑413 KYW, sjj kross sjj kross rdtblk poblts

strjdhblk vbmjo =6 =6‑‑=3 wjisbtjs 14 14‑‑1; Mbkbtdn hjmbd oiejatbvjs 1: 1:‑‑16 16,, 61 Mbkbtdn pndtforh hjtrbas 4;3 Mbkbtdn prblt =: =:‑‑=6 MHD, sjj Mjsbkldtjm Hdr`jt Drjd Mupnbadtbol 41:

hdr`jtblk blput 43 iumkjt mbsaussbols 42 rjsjdrac rjqubrjhjlts 97 strdtjkba mjabsbols 97 dkjlay hjjtblks 97 rjaohhjlmdtbols 94 rjvbsbols dlm dpprovdns 94 BHA oiejatbvjs 61 Bhprjssbols 414 414‑‑411 Blarjhjltdn sdnjs 437 437‑‑434 Blmbrjat prokrdh aosts 4;: Blmustry rdtbos := Blmustry rjndtbolscbps 97;

JAZ, sjj jxtrjhj anosj-up Jffflabjlay dldnysbs 4=; Jhdbn hdr`jtblk == ==‑‑=: Jhpnoyjj rjndtbolscbps 97; Jqubvdnjlt hjmbd vdnuj 944 Jvjlt spolsorscbp 424‑‑429 424 Jxjautbvj spjjacwrbtblk 979 Jxjautbvj suhhdry 943 Jxtrd dhoult of promuat 463 Jxtrjhj anosj-up 442 Fbrst tbhj iuyjrs 26 Foaus kroups ;: ;:‑‑;; Frdhjs 443 443‑‑442 Frjj Qtdlmblk Blsjrt 4:9 Frjj trbdn 462 Frjqujlay, 417 417‑‑414 FQB, sjj Frjj Qtdlmblk Blsjrt

Cjdmnbljs, 44; Cootsubtj =1 =1,, ;2 ;2,, 437 Cuhor bl dmvjrtbsblk 44= BHA mjffllbtbol 9‑1 BHA fulmblk, sjj sjj  iumkjts BHA pndl 94; 94;‑‑991 BHA pndllblk proajss 43

Blforhdtbol Blforhdtboldn dn rjsjdrac, sjj sjaolmdry sjaolmdry   rjsjdrac Bl-cousj dkjlay 41 Blsbkct rjsjdrac, sjj prbhdry rjsjdrac Bltjrdatbvj Dmvjrtbsblk Iurjdu 12 Bltjrldn puinbadtbols 97: Blstdkrdh =4 =4‑‑=9  E.M. Wowjrs Yjports ;=

Ndyouts, sjj aopy dlm ndyout Njft-irdbl tcbl`blk 9, 444 444‑‑449 NKI] 29

99;

 

BLMJS

Nbajlsblk opportulbtbjs 421 Nbl`jmBl =9 Noko hjracdlmbsj 4;4

Wdljn, sjj outmoor dmvjrtbsblk Wdss dnolk rjdmjrscbp 4:7 Wjrsoldn aoltdat, 3, 99

Hdr`jt rjsjdrac, sjj blmustry rjsjdrac  Hdr`jt Qcdrj Yjportjr ;=

mjffllbtbol 3 adtjkorbjs 3 Wbltjrjst =4 =4,, =9 Woblt-of-sdnj, sjj rjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlts WowjrWoblt prjsjltdtbols 946

Hdr`jtblk hjtrbas 4;3 4;3,, 949 Hdr`jtblk oiejatbvjs, 4=9 Hdr`jtblk rjsjdrac, adtjkorbjs 62 Hjmbd dldnyst 496 Hjmbd iohidrmhjlt adnaundtor = Hjmbd iuyjr 496 Hjmbd aohposbtbol 477 Hjmbd aolfjrjlaj 974 Hjmbd mjpdrthjlt, struaturj 49= 49=‑‑49; hjmbd dldnyst 496 hjmbd pndlljr 49: hjmbd iuyjr 496 hjmbd mbrjator 49:

Wrjmbatbvj dnkorbtchs :; Wrjhbuhs 466 Wrjss aolfjrjlaj 974 Wrjss aovjrdkj 437 Wrjss rjnjdsj 977 Wrbhdry dumbjlaj profflnj 477 Wrbhdry rjsjdrac ;: ;:‑‑37 foaus kroups ;: ;:‑‑;; pjrsoldn bltjrvbjws ;; proejatbvj tjaclbqujs ;2 ;2‑‑37 ronj-pndyblk ;2 soabdn hjmbd nbstjlblk ;2 survjy rjsjdrac ;; ;;‑‑;3

Hjmbd Mbrjator 49: Hjmbd `bt 4=6 Hjmbd pndl 491 491‑‑49= Hjmbd pndlljr 49: Hjmbd oiejatbvjs 4=9 4=9‑‑4== Hjmbd rjndtbolscbps ;, 974 974,, 976 976‑‑97; Hjmbd rjp, sjj Hjmbd rjprjsjltdtbvj Hjmbd rjprjsjltdtbvj 4=6 Hjmbd tjrhblonoky 49; 49;‑‑413 413,, 4=9 4=9‑‑4=1 aost-pjr-tcousdlm aost-pjr-tcousdl m (AWH) 411 411‑‑41: mupnbadtbol 41: frjqujlay 417 417‑‑414 kross rdtblk poblts 416 416‑‑413

wjisbtj dldnysbs ;3 ;3‑‑;2 Wrbhdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj 477 477‑‑474 Wromuat pndajhjlt 43; 43;‑‑432 Wromuat rjsjdrac 62 Wromuat usdkj sjkhjltdtbol 2: 2:‑‑23 Wromuatbol aohpdlbjs 4; Wroejatbvj tjaclbqujs 37 Wrokrdhhdtba hjmbd :; Wrohotbol, sjj sdnjs prohotbol Wrohotboldn strdtjkbjs 46= Wuinbabty 977 977,, 973 973‑‑947 947,, 999 Wuinba rjndtbols mjffllbtbol 423 423‑‑422 Wuinba rjndtbols fulatbols 422

Bhprjssbols 414‑‑411 414 rdtblks 41: 41:‑‑416 rjdac, 493 493‑‑417 Hjmbuh scot 442 Hoibnj dpps =3 HQ, sjj hjmbuh scot

Wuinba rjndtbolssjkhjltdtbol oiejatbvjs 61 61,,adtjkorbjs 947‑‑949 947 Wsyacokrdpcba 2=‑‑2: 2= nbfj stynj 2: pjrsoldnbty 2: vdnujs 2: Wsyacokrdpcba sjkhjltdtbol 2= Wuinba rjndtbols 1, 6, 44 44,, 41 41,, :3 :3,, 42; 42;‑‑949 mjffllbtbol 42; 42;‑‑423 fulatbols 422 422‑‑97= rjndtbolscbp kroups 976 976‑‑973 Wuinbas, sjj rjndtbolscbp kroups Wuracdsj fulljn :; :;,, 4;3 4;3,, 949

Nolk-scot 443 443‑‑442 Noydnty prokrdhs 466 NQ, sjj nolk-scot

Ljw promuat bltromuatbol bltromuatbolss 973 973‑‑972 Lbjnsjl aohpdly 4; 4;,, ;1 ;1,, 2= 2=,, 4=: 4=:‑‑4=6 Oiejatbvjs, rjqubrjhjlts 61 Olj-wdy aohhulbadtbol 93 93,, 92 Outmoor dmvjrtbsblk 4:6 4:6‑ ‑4:;

993

 

BLMJS

Wuracdsj/Zsdkj Adtjkorbjs 26 Wuracdsj/Zsdkj 26‑‑23 iuyjr stdtus 26 puracdsj rdtj 2; 2;,, 23

scdrjm prokrdhs 4;7 swjjpstd`js 46; Qdnjs prohotbol oiejatbvjs 61 61,, 4;9 4;9‑‑4;1

rjdsol for puracdsj 2 puracdsj/usdkj puracdsj/u sdkj sjkhjltdtbol 2: Wyrdhbm homjn :6 Tudnbtdtbvj rjsjdrac ;7 Tudltbtdtbvj rjsjdrac ;7 Tujstbolldbrjs, 476 Ydtj adrm, 4=: Ydtblks 41: Ydtblk poblts, typjs cousjconm 416 pjopnj 416 tdrkjt 416 Yjdac 417 417‑‑414 Yjtdbn mbspndys, sjj rjtdbn hdr`jtblk jlvbrolhjlts  Yjmioo`s, ;= Yjndtbolscbp kroups 976 976‑ ‑973 aohhulbty 97; 97;‑‑973 austohjrs 976 jhpnoyjjs 97; kovjrlhjlt 973 blmustry 97; hjmbd 976 suppnbjrs 97; Ybkct-irdbl tcbl`blk 444 Qdnjs prohotbol 1‑:, :9 :9,, 61 61,, 444 444,, 494 aohpdrjm to dmvjrtbsblk 469 469,, 461 mjffllbtbol 469 Qdnjs prohotboldn adtjkorbjs 46= 46=‑‑4;4 iolus pda` iuy olj, kjt4;7 olj 46; 46;‑‑463 adsc ida` 462 aoltjsts 46; aoupols 46: mjholstrdtbols 463 jxpjrbjlajs 4;4 jxtrd dhoult 463 frjj trbdn 4;7 noko hjracdlmbsj 4;4 noydnty prokrdh 466 prjhbuhs 466 sdhpnblk 46:

Qdhpnblk 46: QDZ, sjj Qtdlmdrm sjj Qtdlmdrm Dmvjrtbsblk Zlbt 4:9 Qjaolmdry dumbjlaj profflnj 477 Qjaolmdry rjsjdrac ;7 ;7‑‑;= kovjrlhjlt moauhjlts ;9 sylmbadtjm rjports ;9 blmustry dssoabdtbols ;1 iusbljss puinbadtbols ;1 dadmjhba eourldns ;1 ;1‑‑;= nbirdry dracbvjs ;= Qjaolmdry tdrkjt dumbjlaj 477 Qjkhjltdtbol strdtjkbjs 33 Qjkhjltdtbol adtjkorbjs 32 32‑‑2: mjhokrdpcba 32 32‑‑21 kjokrdpcba 21 21‑‑2= promuat Zsdkj 2: 2:‑‑23 psyacokrdpcba 2= 2=,, 2: Qjnf-nbqubmdtblk prjhbuhs 466 Qacuntz, M.H. 9 Qarbpts QFS, sjj497 soulm jffjats Qcdrjm prohotbol prokrdhs 4;7 Qcowblks 4=2 4=2,, 4:; Qoabdn nbstjlblk =1 =1,, ;: ;:,, ;2 Qoabdn hjmbd, 1; dmvjrtbsblk =7 iuzz 4;2 4;2‑‑437 aosts 13 aohpdrbsols =7 =7‑‑=1 mdsciodrms =1 hytcs 1; 1;,, 13 13,, 12 12,, =7 Qoulm jffjats 497 Qpjjacwrbtblk 422,, 979 422 Qpo`jspjrsol 974 Qprjdmscjjt suhhdrbjs 4=3 QYMQ, sjj Qtdlmdrm Ydtj dlm Mdtd Qtdlmdrm Dmvjrtbsblk Zlbt 4:9 Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsjrs ;= Qtdlmdrm Mbrjatory of Dmvjrtbsblk Dkjlabjs  ;= Qtdlmdrm Ydtj dlm Mdtd 4=: Qtdtbol forhdts 4:: Qtdtbol blvjltory 4:= Qtdtbstbadn Distrdats of tcj Zlbtjm Qtdtjs ;= Qtorj trdfffla 4;3

992

 

BLMJS

Qarbpts 446 446,, 497 QFS, sjj soulm jffjats Qldpacdt =9

]rbdlkundtbol 443 ]YW, sjj tdrkjt rdtblk poblts ]wbttjr 17 17,, 1; 1;,, =4

Qoulm jffjats, 497 Qtoryiodrms 443 443‑‑442 Qtrjdhblk vbmjo 14 14,, =6 =6‑‑=3 Quppnjhjltdn hjmbd, 46 Quppnbjrs 46 rjsjdrac fflrhs 4; promuatbol aohpdlbjs 4; aolsuntdlts 4; tjaclonoky mjvjnopjrs 43 Qurvjy rjsjdrac, ;; ;;‑‑;3 Qwjjpstd`js 46; Qylmbadtjm rjports ;9 Qylacrolbzjm irdlm hjssdkj 497 497‑‑494 ]drkjt dumbjlaj, 477 477‑‑474 prbhdry 477 sjaolmdry 477 477‑‑474 ]drkjt rdtblk poblts 413 413‑ ‑412 ]DW, totdn dumbjlaj pndl 4:6 ]rdmbtboldn hjmbd, hdkdzblj 4:7 ljwspdpjr 4:4 4:4‑‑4:1 outmoor 4:6 rdmbo 4:: 4::‑‑4:6 tjnjvbsbol 4:1 4:1‑‑4:: trdlsbt 4:6 4:6‑‑4:; ]rdlsbt dmvjrtbsblk 4:6 4:6‑‑4:;

917

]wo-wdy aohhulbadtbol ﬉ow 93 93,, 92 Zlbforh Yjsouraj Noadtor 1= Zlbquj vbsbtors 16 ZYN, sjj Zlbforh Yjsouraj Noadtor Z.Q. Mjpdrthjlt of Ajlsus ;4 ;4,, ;9 ;9,, 21 21,, 493 Vjluj bmjltbffladtbol 432 432‑‑427 [jdrdinjs, =3 [jisbtj, jffjatbvj mjsbkl 19 19‑‑1= aoltjlt andrbty 11 mjsbkl sbhpnbabty 11 ldvbkdtbol jdsj 11 11‑‑1= [jisbtj hjdsurjhjlts 1: 1:‑‑1; anba`-tcroukc 416 416,, 41; pdkj vbjws 4;2 4;2,, 994 tbhj ol pdkj 16 ulbquj vbsbtors 16 [brjfrdhjs 4=7 [rbtblk BHA oiejatbvjs 61 Rou]uij 1; 1;,, =4 =4,, =1 =1,, =; =;,, 44: 44:,, 494 494,, 423 423,, 947 Ubp aomjs ;9 ;9,, 473 473,, 441 441,, 46=