INSURANCE LAW (Reviewer For Midterm and Final Exams)

 

H@V[RN@FK INU (Rkvhkwkr cgr Ahdtkra Kxna) >.

2.

6.

4.

;.

3. 5.



 

f) Rkinth Rkinthg`s g`slhp lhp (khtlk (khtlkrr by biggd gr ncch ncch`ht `hty) y) 8. Zkrs Zkrsg`s g`s gb gbih ihek ekd d tg ehvk ehvk supp suppgr grtt u`dkr u`dkr tlk Cnah Cnahiy iy Fgd Fgdkk (Biggd rkinthg`slhp whtl h`surnbik h`tkrkst)= n) Tlk Tlk sp spgu gussks ks??  b) Ikehthantk nsfk`dn`ts n`d dksfk`dn`ts (up tg ern`dpnrk`ts n`d ern`dflhidrk`)? f) Znrk`t Znrk`tss n`d tlkhr tlkhr ikehth ikehthant antkk flhidr flhidrk` k` n`d tlk ikehthan ikehthantk tk n`d hii hiikeh kehtha thantk ntk flhidrk flhidrk` ` gc tlk inttkr? d) Znrk`ts Znrk`ts n`d tlkhr hiikehtha hiikehthantk ntk flhidrk` flhidrk` n`d tlk ikehthantk ikehthantk n`d hiikehthantk hiikehthantk flhidrk` flhidrk` gc tlk inttkr? n`d k) Ikehthantk Ikehthantk brgtlkr brgtlkrss n`d shstkrs shstkrs,, wlktlkr wlktlkr gc cuii cuii gr lnic-b lnic-biggd. iggd. >:. Dhsth`eu Dhsth`euhsl hsl Ihck Ihck H`su H`surn`f rn`fkk crga crga Zrgpkr Zrgpkrty ty H`surn H`surn`fk `fk== Ihck Zrgpkrty >) Vubmkft anttkr= Ihck, lknitl, n`d nffhdk`t. Zrgpkrty (rkni n`d pkrsg`ni). 2) @nturk= H` tlk cgra gc h`vkstak`t. Cgr h`dka`hchfnthg`. 6) Kx K xtk`t gc   Zkfu`hnry h`tkrkst hs `gt Akrk pkfu`hnry h`t `tkkrkst hs `g `gtt  pkfu`hnry h`tkrkst= k`guel. k`guel. 4) Ns tg kxtk`t gc  [`ihahtkd (kxfkpt cgr tlk ihck gc  [p tg tlk vniuk gc tlk prgpkrty h`surnbik h`tkrkst= tlk dkbtgr) Ht hs k`gu k`guel el tlnt tlnt h`sur `surnb nbiik Ht hs `kfkssnry tlnt h`surnbik h`tkrkst ;) Ns tg tg thak thak wlk` wlk` kxhst nt tlk thaktlk tlkigss h`surn`fk h`tkrk h`t krkst st kxhsts kxh sts nt tlk thak tlk aust tnoks kcckft n`d wlk` gffurs, h`surn`fk tnoks kcckft, n`d `kkd `gt kxhst nt tlk thak gc tlk igss.  but `kkd `gt kxhst h` tlk akn`thak. Tlk kxpkftnthg` gc bk`kcht tg bk Tl Tlkk sn snak ak kx kxpk pkft ftnt nthg hg` ` sl slni niii ln lnvk vk n dk dkrh rhvk vkd d crga crga tlk tlk fg fg`t `th` h`uk ukd d  bnshs gc ikeni rhelt. kxhstk`fk gc ihck dgks `gt `kkd n`y ikeni bnshs. H`surnb H`surnbik ik h`tkrk h`tkrkst st h` ihck n`d prgp prgpkrty krty any fg`shst fg`shst h`= h`= Ihck (Vkf. >:) Zrgpkrty (Vkf. >4) >) Gc lhaski lhaskicc (H`s (H`sur urkd kd), ), gc lhs/ lhs/lkr lkr spgus spgusk, k, >) N` kxhsth kxhsth`e `e h`t h`tkrk krkst? st? n`d gc lhs/lkr flhidrk`? 2) Gc n`y pkrsg` g` wlga lk dkpk`ds 2) N` h`flgntk h`tkrkst cgu`dkd g` n` wlgiiy gr h` pnrt cgr kdufnthg` gr suppgrt, kxhsth`e h`tkrkst? gr  h`surnbik aust kxhsth`tkrkst (Vkf. >8)= 3) Ns tg kxpkftnthg` kxpkftnthg` gc bk`kcht tg bk dkrhvkd=

>>.

gr h` wlga lk lns n pkfu`hnry h`tkrkst? kxpkftn`f n`fy, y, fg fgup upik ikd d wh whtl tl n` kx kxhs hsth th`e `e 6) Gc n`y pkrs pkrsg` g` u`dkr u`dkr n ikeni ikeni gbihen gbihenth thg` g` tg 6) N` kxpkft h`tkrkst tlnt gut gc wlhfl tlk kxpkftn`fy lha cgr tlk pnyak`t gc ag`k `ky y, gr  nrhsks. rkspkfth`e prgpkrty gr skrvhfks, gc wlhfl dkntl gr hii`kss ahelt dkiny gr prkvk`t tlk  pkrcgran`fk? n`d 4) Gc n`y n`y pkrsg` pkrsg` upg` upg` wlgs wlgskk ihck ihck n`y kstn kstntk tk gr h`tkrkst vkstkd h` lha dkpk`ds. >2. Kxnapi Kxnapiks ks gc pkrahssh pkrahsshbik bik pkrsg`s pkrsg`s (h`sur (h`surkd) kd) wlgsk wlgsk ihck fn` bk h`surk h`surkd d by n`gtlkr n`gtlkr (pgihfy (pgihfy gw`kr)= n) Gc tlk tlk pkrsg`s pkrsg`s ikeniiy ikeniiy gbihekd gbihekd tg suppgrt suppgrt knfl gtlkr? gtlkr?  b) Gc tlk dkbtgr by tlk frkdhtgr? f) Gc tlk tlk kapig kapigykk ykk by by tlk tlk kapig kapigykr ykr?? n`d n`d d) Gc g`k g`k gc tlk bush`ks bush`ksss pnrt`krs pnrt`krs by n pnrt`kr. pnrt`kr. 2

 

>6.

>4.

>;.

>3 >3..

>5. >8. 2:.

2>. 22. 26. 24.

Ruik Ruik g` tlk dkshe dkshe`nth `nthg` g` gc bk`kch bk`kchfhn fhnrhks rhks h` h` ihck h`surn h`surn`fk `fk (V (Vkf. kf. >>)= >>)= n) Ek`krniiy, Ek`krniiy, dkshe`nth dkshe`nthg` g` hs rkvgfnbik, rkvgfnbik, u`ikss u`ikss tlk rhelt rhelt tg fln`ek hs kxprkssiy kxprkssiy wnhvkd wnhvkd h` tlk  pgihfy?  b) Vufl dkshe`nthg` slnii bk dkkakd hrrkvgfnbik hc ht hs `gt fln`ekd durh`e tlk ihckthak gc tlk h`surkd? f) Hc tlk pgihfy pgihfy h`vgivks h`vgivks tlk ihck ihck gc tlk h`surkd, h`surkd, tlk tlk inttkr inttkr fn` dkshe`ntk dkshe`ntk n`yg`k ns bk`kchf bk`kchfhnry hnry fg`shdkrh`e tlnt sufl oh`d gc fg`trnft pnrtnoks gc tlk `nturk gc n dg`nthg`, kxfkpt tlgsk wlg nrk dhsqunihchkd u`dkr tlk inw tg bk n dg`kk. d) H` tlk fnsk wlkrk wlkrk tlk grheh`ni grheh`ni pgihfy pgihfy gw`kr h`surks h`surks tlk ihck ihck gc n`gtlkr, n`gtlkr, tlk bk`kchfhnr bk`kchfhnry y tg  bk dkshe`ntkd tlkrkh` aust lnvk n` h`surnbik h`tkrkst h` tlk ihck gc tlk h`surkd. Znyak` Znyak`tt gc h`surn`fk h`surn`fk prgfkk prgfkkds ds h` fnsk tlk snak snak hs cgrckhtk cgrckhtkd d nenh`s nenh`stt tlk bk`kchfh bk`kchfhnry nry wlg hs euhity gc ohiih`e tlk h`surkd ns prgvhdkd u`dkr Vkfthg` >2= n) Tg tlk gtlkr qunihchkd  bk`kchfhnrhks.  bk`kchfhnrhks. b) H` tlk nbsk`fk tlkrkgc, tlk prgfkkds slnii bk pnhd h` nffgrdn`fk whtl tlk pgihfy fg`trnft. f) Hc tlk pgihfy hs shik`t, tlk prgfkkds slnii bk pnhd tg tlk kstntk gc tlk h`surkd.  Dhsqunihchkd   bk`kc bk`kchfh hfhnr nrhks hks (gr dg`kk dg`kkss u`dk u`dkrr tlk inw)= inw)= >) Tlgs Tlgskk eu euhi hity ty gc nduit nduitkr kry y gr  fg`fubh`nek? 2) Zubihf gcchfkrs h` rkinthg` tg tlkhr gcchfk, h`fiudh`e tlkhr rkspkfthvk spgusks, n`d tlkhr ikehthantk nsfk`dn`ts n`d dksfk`dn`ts. Kxfk Kxfkpt pthg hg`s `s tg tg Vkf Vkfth thg` g` 2: 2: wlhfl prgvhdks tlnt n fln`ek h` h`tkrkst h` n`y pnrt gc n tlh`e  h`surkd whtlgut n fln`ek h` h`tkrkst h` tlk h`surn`fk, suspk`ds tlk h`surn`fk u`thi bgtl h`tkrksts must ak`thg`kd nrk vkstkd h` tlk snak pkrsg`=   n) H` tlk fns fnsk gc gc ihck, lknitl, n`d lknitl, n`d nffhdk`t  h`surn`fk.  h`surn`fk.  b) N fln`ek gc h`tkrkst h` h`tkrkst h` n tlh`e h`surkd nctkr tlk gffurrk`fk gc n igss (Vkf. 2>). f) N fln`ek gc h`tkrkst h`tkrkst h` g`k gr agrk agrk skvkrn skvkrnii dhsth`ft dhsth`ft tlh`es, tlh`es, skpnrntkiy skpnrntkiy h`surkd h`surkd u`dkr g`k g`k  pgihfy (Vkf. 22). d) N fln`ek gc h`tkrk h`tkrkst st by whii whii gr suffksshg suffksshg` ` g` tlk dkntl dkntl gc tlk h`surkd h`surkd (Vkf. (Vkf. 26). k) N trn`sckr trn`sckr gc h`tkrkst h`tkrkst by g`k gc skvkrni skvkrni pnrt`krs, pnrt`krs, mgh`t mgh`t gw`krs, gw`krs, gr fgaag` gw`krs, gw`krs, wlg nrk  mgh`tiy h`surkd, tg tlk gtlkrs (Vkf. 24). Fg`fkniak`t ‖   n `k `kei eikf kftt tg fg fgaa aau` u`hf hfnt ntkk tlnt tlnt wlhf wlhfl l n pn pnrt rty y o`gw o`gwss n` n`d d gu guel eltt tg fgaau`hfntk (Vkf. 23). Rkquhsh Rkquhshtks/ tks/Kik Kikak` ak`ts ts gc gc Fg`fk Fg`fknia niak`t k`t (Vkf. (Vkf. 2 2 prgvhdks tlnt n rkprksk`tnthg` any bk nitkrkd gr whtldrnw` bkcgrk tlk h`surn`fk hs kcckftkd, but `gt nctkrwnrds. 6

 

H@V[RN@FK INU (Rkvhkwkr cgr Ch`ni Kxna) >. 2. 6.

4.

;.

3.

5.

 prgvhdks tlk cgiigwh`e h`cgranthg` tg bk spkfhchkd h` tlk pgihfy, tg wht= n) Tlk fg`trnfth`e pnrthks,  b) Tlk nagu`t tg bk h`surkd, f) Tlk prkahua, d) Tlk prgpkrty gr ihck h`surkd, k) Tlk h`surkd‘s h`tkrkst h` tlk prgpkrty h`surkd, hc lk hs `gt tlk nbsgiutk gw`kr tlkrkgc, c) Tlk rhsos h`surkd nenh`st, n`d  e) Tlk pkrhgd durh`e wlhfl tlk h`surn`fk hs tg fg`th`uk.   Fgvk Fg vkrr @gtk @gtk (Bh` (Bh`dk dkr) r) ‖ n akrk wrhttk` akagrn`dua purpgskiy hssukd cgr tlk tkapgrnry  prgtkfthg` gc tlk prkihah`nry fg`trnft gc h`surn`fk pk`dh`e h`vksthenthg` gc tlk rhso, n`d hssun`fk gc n cgrani pgihfy by tlk h`surkr (Vkf. ;2). Vkfth Vkfthg` g` ;6 hs n ek`krni ruik wlhfl prgvhdks tlnt tlk h`surn`fk prgfkkds slnii bk nppihkd kxfiushvkiy tg tlk prgpkr h`tkrkst gc tlk pkrsg` h` wlgsk `nak, gr cgr wlgsk bk`kcht ht hs andk u`ikss gtlkrwhsk spkfhchkd h` tlk pgihfy, (sufl ns h` tlk cgiigwh`e shtunthg`s)= n) H` tl tlk fn fnsk gc gc  pgur nutruh  ‖ n sthpuinthg` h` n fg`trnft fg`ckrrh`e n bk`kcht g` tlk tlhrd  pkrsg`, fniikd n tlhrd pnrty bk`kchfhnry? n`d  b) H` tlk fnsk gc h`surn`fk nenh`st ihnbhihty  ‖ tlk prgfkkds slnii eg dhrkftiy tg tlk pkrsg` (tlhrd pnrty) h`murkd h` n` nffhdk`t. Vkfthg` ;5 hs n` kxfkpthg` tg Vkfthg` ;). f) Ru``h`e pgihfy ‖ g`k wlhfl w lhfl fg`tkapintks fg` tkapintks suffksshvk h`surn`fk, n`d wlhfl prgvhdks p rgvhdks tlnt tlk gbmkft gc tlk pgihfy any bk crga thak tg thak dkch`kd, kspkfhniiy ns tg tlk submkfts gc  h`surn`fk, by nddhthg`ni stntkak`ts gr k`dgrskak`ts ( Vkf. 32). Tlk  pkrhgd gc thak whtlh` wlhfl tg fgaak`fk n` nfthg`  h`vgivh`e fg`trnfts gc h`surn`fk dkpk`ds g` tlk cgiigwh`e fg`dhthg`s gr fhrfuastn`fks= n) Tlk fg`trnf fg`trnfth` th`e e pnrthks pnrthks any nerkk nerkk gr sth sthpui puintk ntk h` tlk pgihfy pgihfy g` n`y pkrhgd pkrhgd gc th thak, ak, but ht slnii `gt bk ikss tln` g`k (>) yknr crga tlk thak wlk` tlk fnusk gc nfthg` nffruks.  b) H` tlk nbsk`fk gc n`y sthpuinthg` tg tlnt kcckft, tlk pkrth`k`t prgvhshg` gc tlk Fhvhi Fgdk g` nfthg`nbik dgfuak`t (fg`trnft) slnii nppiy wlhfl hs whtlh` tk` (>:) yknrs, but `gt ikss tln`

g`k yknr crga tlk thak wlk` tlk fnusk gc nfthg` nffruks. 4

 

Gtlkr ruiks g` tlk anttkr= n) Tlk rkfog` rkfog`h`e h`e thak thak ns tg wlk` wlk` tlk fnusk gc nfthg` nfthg` nffruk nffrukss hs upg` tlk ch`ni ch`ni dk`hni dk`hni gr  rkmkfthg` by tlk h`surkr gc tlk finha gr dkan`d cgr pnyak`t gc tlk h`surn`fk prgfkkds andk by tlk h`surkd gr tlk dkshe`ntkd bk`kchfhnry.  b) N fg`dhthg`, sthpuinthg`, gr nerkkak`t h` n`y pgihfy gc h`surn`fk, ihahth`e tlk thak cgr  fgaak`fh`e n` nfthg` tg n pkrhgd gc ikss tln` g`k (>) yknr crga tlk thak wlk` tlk fnusk gc nfthg` nffruks, hs vghd (Vkf. 36). 8. Vkt cgrtl h` Vkfthg`s 34 & 3; nrk  tlk fg`dhthg`s gr rkquhrkak`ts h` grdkr cgr tlk fn`fkiinthg` gc `g`-ihck h`surn`fk pgihfy slnii bk vnihd n`d kcckfthvk, tg wht= n) Tlkr Tlkrkk aus austt b bkk n prhgr `gthfk tg tlk h`surkd. Tlhs hs sg bkfnusk fn`fkiinthg` hs u`hintkrni.  b) Tlk `gthfk aust bk andk h` wrhth`e . f) Tlk wrht wrhttk` tk` `gth `gthfk fk aust aust bk bk anhikd anhikd gr dkihvkrkd  tg  tg tlk `nakd h`surkd  nt  nt tlk nddrkss slgw` h` tlk pgihfy, gr tg lhs brgokr  nutlgrhzkd  nutlgrhzkd h` wrhth`e tg rkfkhvk sufl dgfuak`t. d) Tlk fn`fkiint fn`fkiinthg` hg` aust aust bk bnskd bnskd g` n`y gc tlk cgiigwh cgiigwh`e `e ergu`ds (Vkf. 34)= >) @g`@g`-pn pnya yak` k`tt gc prkah prkahua ua?? 2) Fg`vhfthg` Fg`vhfthg` gc n frhak frhak nrhsh`e nrhsh`e gut gc nfts h`frknsh h`frknsh`e `e tlk lnznrd h`surkd h`surkd nenh`st? nenh`st? 6) Dhsfgvkry Dhsfgvkry gc crnud gr antkrhni antkrhni ahsrkprks ahsrkprksk`tnt k`tnthg`? hg`? 4) Dh Dhsf sfgv gvkr kry y gc wh whii iicu cuii gr rk rkfo foik ikss ss nf nfts ts gr gahs gahssh shg` g`ss h` h`fr frkn knsh sh`e `e tl tlkk ln lnzn znrd rd h` h`su surk rkd d nenh`st? ;) Zlysh Zlyshfn fnii fl fln` n`ek ekss h` tlk tlk prgpk prgpkrt rty y h`su h`surk rkd d wlhf wlhfl l rk rksu suit it h` tl tlkk pr prgpk gpkrt rty y bkfga bkfgah` h`e e u`h`surnbik? gr  3) Dhsfgvkry Dhsfgvkry gc gtlkr gtlkr h`surn`fk h`surn`fk fgvkrnek fgvkrnek tlnt anoks tlk tgtni tgtni h`surn`fk h`surn`fk h` kxfkss kxfkss gc tlk vniuk gc tlk prgpkrty h`surkd. >:. Vkfthg` 33 33 pkrtnh`s tg, nag`e gtlkrs, rk`kwni gc tlk `g`-ihck h`surn`fk pgihfy  wlhfl stntks tlnt tlk `nakd h`surkd slnii bk k`thtikd tg rk`kw tlk pgihfy upg` pnyak`t gc tlk prkahua duk g` tlk kcckfthvk dntk gc tlk rk`kwni, u`ikss tlk h`surkr nt iknst 4; dnys h` ndvn`fk gc tlk k`d gc tlk pgihfy pkrhgd anhis gr dkihvkrs tg tlk h`surkd `gthfk gc hts h`tk`thg` `gt tg rk`kw tlk  pgihfy gr tg fg`dhthg` hts rk`kwni upg` rkdufthg` gc ihahts gr kihah`nthg` kihah`nthg` gc fgvkrneks. >>. Unrrn`ty  ‖ n` kxprkss gr hapihkd stntkak`t gc cnfts nbgut tlk pnst, prksk`t, gr cuturk anttkrs rkinth`e tg tlk pkrsg` gr tlh`e h`surkd, gr tg tlk rhso h`surkd nenh`st (Vkfthg`s 35, 3). >2. Vkfthg` 5: 5 :  prgvhdks tlnt kvkry kxprkss wnrrn`ty, andk nt gr bkcgrk tlk kxkfuthg` gc tlk

 pgihfy, aust bk fg`tnh`kd h` tlk pgihfy htskic, gr h` n`gtlkr h`struak`t she`kd by tlk h`surkd n`d rkckrrkd tg h` tlk pgihfy ns anoh`e n pnrt gc ht. >6. Tlk cgiigwh`e nrk tlk cgur (4) oh`ds gc pgihfy= n) Kxprkss wnrrn`ty b) Hapihkd wnrrn`ty f) Ncch Ncchra rant nthv hvkk wnrrn`ty d) Zrga Zrgahs hssg sgry ry wnrrn`ty ‖ dg`k nctkr tlk npprgvni gr hssun`fk gc tlk pgihfy. wnrrn`ty rkinth`e tg tlk tlk cuturk dgks >4. Ns prgvhdkd u`dkr Vkfthg` 56,  tlk gahsshg` tg cuichii tlk wnrrn`ty `gt nvghd tlk pgihfy wlk` tlk cgiigwh`e cgiigwh`e fhrfuastn`fks fhrfuastn`fks kxhst gr gffur bkcgrk tlk thak nrrhvks cgr tlk pkrcgran`fk tlkrkgc= n) N igss igss h`surk h`surkd d nenh` nenh`st st lnppk lnppk`s? `s?  b) Zkrcgran`fk bkfgaks u`inwcui nt tlk pinfk gc tlk fg`trnft? gr  f) Zkrcgr Zkrcgran` an`fk fk bkfga bkfgaks ks hapg hapgssh sshbik bik.. >;.

Vkfthg` 54 5 4  prgvhdks tlnt vhginthg` gc n antkrhni wnrrn`ty, gr gtlkr antkrhni prgvhshg` gc n  pgihfy, g` tlk pnrt gc khtlkr pnrty tlkrktg, k`thtiks tlk gtlkr tg rksfh`d tlk fg`trnft. ;

 

>3. >5.

>8.

2:. 2>.

22.

Ns stntkd h` Vkfthg` 5;, n pgihfy pgihfy any dkfinrk tlnt n vhginthg` vhginthg` gc spkfhchkd spkfhchkd prgvhshg`s prgvhshg`s tlkrkgc  slnii nvghd ht, gtlkrwhsk tlk brknfl gc n` haantkrhni prgvhshg` dgks `gt nvghd tlk pgihfy.  Ncchranthvk wnrrn`ty  hs g`k wlhfl nsskrts tlk kxhstk`fk gc n cnft gr fg`dhthg` nt tlk thak ht hs andk, and k, wlhik wlhik  prgahssgry wnrrn`ty hs g`k wlkrk tlk h`surkd sthpuintks tlnt fkrtnh` cnfts gr  fg`dhthg`s pkrtnh`h`e tg tlk rhso slnii kxhst gr tlnt fkrtnh` tlh`es whtl rkckrk`fk tlkrktg slnii bk dg`k gr gahttkd. Unrrn`thks dhsth`euhslkd crga Rkprksk`tnthg`s = n) Un Unrr rrn` n`th thks ks nrk  pnrts gc tlk fg`trnft   wlhi wlhikk rk rkpr prks ksk`t k`tnt nthg hg`s `s nr nrkk but akrk fgiintkrni  h`dufkak`ts tg tlk fg`trnft? b) Unrrn`thks nrk niwnys wrhttk` g` tlk cnfk gc tlk pgihfy, nftuniiy gr by rkckrk`fk, wlhik rkprksk`tnthg`s any bk wrhttk` h` n tgtniiy dhsfg``kftkd pnpkr gr any bk grni? f) Unrrn Unrrn`thks `thks aust bk strhftiy strhftiy fgapihkd whtl, wlhik h` tlk rkprksk`tnthg`s rkprksk`tnthg`s,, substn`thni substn`thni trutl g`iy hs rkquhrkd? wnrrn`thks hks nrk  prksuakd , wlhik h` tlk fnsk gc rkprksk`tnthg`s, tlk snak d)  Antkrhnihty  gc wnrrn`t aust bk prgvk` by tlk h`surkd? brkn knfl fl gc fg`t fg`trn rnft  ft ,  wl k) Tl Tlkk kcck kcckft ft gc vhgi vhgint nth` h`e e tlk tlk wnrr wnrrn` n`th thks ks hs br wlhhik tlnt lnt gc tl tlkk rkprksk`tnthg`s hs rksfhsshg`? Zrkahua hs tlk nerkkd prhfk cgr nssuah`e n`d fnrryh`e tlk rhso ‖ tlnt hs, tlk fg`shdkrnthg`  pnhd n` h`surkr cgr u`dkrtnoh`e tg h`dka`hcy tlk h`surkd nenh`st n spkfhchkd pkrhi. Ulk` hs tlk h`surkr k`thtikd tg pnyak`t gc tlk prkahua7   Nff Nffgrd grdh`e h`e tg Vkfthg` 55, tlk h`surkr hs k`thtikd tg pnyak`t gc tlk prkahua wlk` tlk tlh`e h`surkd hs kxpgskd tg tlk pkrhi h`surkd nenh`st. [`dkr Vkfthg` 58, n` nfo`gwikdeak`t h` tlk pgihfy gr fg`trnft gc h`surn`fk gc tlk rkfkhpt gc   prkahua hs fg`fiushvk kvhdk`fk gc hts pnyak`t. Vtntk Vtntk tlk cgur cgur (4) h`stn`fk h`stn`fkss wlkrk wlkrk tlk h`surkd h`surkd hs k`thti k`thtikd kd tg n rktu rktur` r` gc prkahu prkahua= a= n) Hc `g pnrt gc gc lhs h`tkrks h`tkrkstt h` tlk tlh`e tlh`e h`surkd h`surkd hs kxpgskd kxpgskd tg n`y gc tlk pkrhis pkrhis h`surkd h`surkd nenh`st? nenh`st?  b) Ulkrk tlk h`surn`fk hs andk cgr n dkch`htk pkrhgd gc thak n`d tlk h`surkd surrk`dkrs lhs  pgihfy? f) Ulk` Ulk` tlk fg`trnf fg`trnftt hs vghdnbik vghdnbik,, n`d subskq subskquk`t uk`tiy iy n``uii n``uiikd kd u`dkr tlk tlk prgvhsh prgvhshg`s g`s gc tlk Fhvhi Fgdk? n`d d) H` fnsk gc gc n` gvkr gvkr h`surn`fk h`surn`fk by skvkrni skvkrni h`surkrs h`surkrs gtlkr gtlkr tln` tln` ihck. ihck. Vkfthg` 22). Vknwgrtlh`kss hs fgapihkd whtl nt tlk thak gc tlk fgaak`fkak`t gc kvkry vgynek. Dkvhnthg` ‖ ht hs n dkpnrturk crga tlk fgursk gc tlk vgynek h`surkd, gr n` u`rknsg`nbik dkiny h` pursuh`e tlk vgynek, gr tlk fgaak`fkak`t gc n` k`thrkiy dhcckrk`t vgynek (Vkf. >2;). [`dkr Vkfthg` >23, n dkvhnthg` hs prgpkr  h`  h` tlk cgiigwh`e h`stn`fks= n) Ulk` fnuskd fnuskd by fhrfuast fhrfuastn`fks n`fks bkyg`d bkyg`d tlk fg`trgi fg`trgi gc tlk tlk anstkr anstkr gr gw`kr gc tlk slhp? slhp?  b) Ulk` `kfkssnry tg fgapiy whtl n wnrrn`ty, gr tg nvghd n pkrhi h`surkd nenh`st gr `gt? f) Ulk` andk h` eggd eggd cnhtl, cnhtl, n`d upg` rknsg`nbik rknsg`nbik ergu`ds ergu`ds gc bkihkc bkihkc h` hts hts `kfksshty `kfksshty tg nvghd n  pkrhi? gr  d) Ulk` andk h` eggd cnhtl, cnhtl, cgr tlk tlk purpgsk gc snvh`e snvh`e luan` luan` ihck gr rkihkvh`e rkihkvh`e n`gtlkr n`gtlkr vksski vksski h` dhstrkss. Hc tlk tlk igs igss gc tlk tlk tlh tlh`e h`s h`sur urkd kd lnppk`kd   nctkr tlk haprgpkr dkvhnthg` , tlk  h`surkr hs `gt  ihnbik tlkrkcgr   ((Vkf. >2