Instrumentos de Evaluación2

YOGRI[TGCJC OJDGMOJN TGHNM QQ UMTSH[JCM  

CGUNMLJCM IO ICYDJDGMO TYUI[GM[ UM[ DMLUISIODGJT

GOTS[YLIOSMT CI IRJNYJDGÔO

OMLK[I6 NGD. MNGRI[ SI[ÊO DJNDGOJ U[MBITGÔO6 UTGDÔNMHM BIDAJ :;/51/;5;: M[Y[M-KMNGRGJ

 

Nj rökrgdj

(rukrgd) m ljtrgz ci

vijvnjmnrujjddgô gôoo ijsntiruoojjtgvji,strhjitiohigrjjcj ci j trjvçs ci uo ngstjcm (pmr licgm ci uoj lj ljtr trgz gz), ), ci uo dmo mofu fuo otm ci drg rgttir irgm gmss ispidìbgdms y buocjliotjnis qui pirlgtio vjnmrjr in jpriocgzjfi, nms dnm mhrjc omjcms dgms lgi lg ipm otrmin s is y/mtucg njjoti s tidmio lpuo iti tio ojkjf dgjfm jsm, nmhr pmr istu cgjo trjk tr m ljt ljtirg irgj j pjr pjrtgd tgdunj unjrr.

 

• Nj

mpdgôo

rökrgdj vgjkni pjrj

is mtmrhjr

uoj drgtirgms

ivjnul jtgxmtrmgmss, dquujiotgtjtpgvimrl s,gtjo ddmuojmngdtjitrgvmisn m cisilpiúm cin istucgjoti curjoti in cisjrrmnnm ci uo prmyidtm j nm njrhm ci uo dursm, io tiljs m jdtgvgcjcis ci dj rêdt rêdtir ir dm dmlp lpni nifm fm,, cu curj rjot oti i nj rism rismnu nudg dgôo ôo ci prm prm kniljs m io tçrlgoms ci nj citirlgojdgôo ci ivg ivgcio ciodgj dgjss ci jpr jprioc iocgzj gzjfi. fi.

▥

Bmrlj ci vjnmrjdgôo io nj qui nms jnuloms nnnniv ivjo jo j dj djkm km jd jdtg tgvg vgcj cjci ciss ci cinn „l „luoc uocm m rij rijn“ n“ pjrj cjrr j dm cj dmom omdi dirr jp jpngngdj djdg dgmo mois is sg sgho hogbgbgd gdjt jtgv gvjs js ci su suss dmomdpgl j rmgibiostmrsis, y apjjkcgnrgicsj,cis, dmlpmjbrúiidrgmisocmy, „ivgciodgjs“ dmluogcjc io hioirjn ci su cisilpiúm y su dmlpriosgôo. J nj rö rökr krgd gdj j si ni dm dmos osgc gcir irj j dm dmlm lm uo uoj j ai airr rrjl jlgi giot otj j ci iv ivjn jnuj ujdg dgôo ôo bm bmrl rljt jtgv gvj j qu qui i bm bmrl rlj j pj pjrt rti i go goti tihr hrjn jn cin prmd pr mdis ism m ci jp jpri rioc ocgz gzjf jfi i ci cisc sci i uo uoj j pi pirs rspi pidt dtgv gvj j smdgmdmostrudtgvgstj.

 

NMT DMLUMOIOSIT CI YOJ [YK[GDJ  • J trjvçs ci nj rökrgdjs rök rgdjs nms istucgjotis nmhrjo ajdir ixpnìdgtm nm têdgtm, ci jaì j qui nj

gciotgbgdjdgôo ci nms dmlpmoiotis ci njs lgsljs si dmosgciri uo jspidtm jspidt m buocjliotjn pjrj su cisjrrmnnm cisjrrmnnm.. Umr nm hioirjn njs rökrgdjs dmostjo ci tris dmlpmoiotis6 d mlpmoiotis6 :) dmodiptms m rukrms) ;) isdjnj ci djngbgdjdgôo (m ogvin ci ifidudgôo) 4) drgtirgms (m cisdrgptmris).

 

:) DMODIUSMT M [YK[MT • Jspidtms j ivjnujr pmr pjrti cin cmdiotiͿ istêo jsmdgjcms j njs dmlpitiodgjs m

ajkgngcjcis qui si kusdj cisjrrmnnjr cisjrrmnnjr iotri nms istucgjotis. Cikirêo istjr sufitms j njs ivgciodgjs j jndjozjr ci jduircm j nm pnjoijcm io in dursm m io nj jdtgvgcjc io duistgôo. duis tgôo. Djcj uom ci nms dmodiptms usjcms io nj rökrgdj smo cibgogcms pmr nms drgtirgms m cisdrgptmris sgiocm istms hrjcujcms pmr nj isdjnj ci djngbgdjdgôo (cisci nm nm dujotgtjtgvm) m in ogvin ci ifidudgôo (cisci nm dujngtjtgvm) m dmnmdjocm jlkjs mpdgmois jn lgslm tgilpm (ci bmrlj lgxtj).Nms ogvinis ci ifidudgôo tiocrêo qui istjr pirbidtjlioti cibgogcms j trjvçs ci nms drgtirgms.

DMLU[IOTGRJT SGUMT CI [YK[GDJ JOJNÌSGDJT

 

• [ukrgdjs dmlpriosgvjs6 si trjtj ci vjnmrjdgmois hioirjnis qui om govmnudrjo

oidisjrgjlioti uo ngstjcm ci ogvinis ci ifidudgôo m rukrms.

[ukrgdjs Jojnìtgdjs6 govmnudrjo rispuistjs luy kgio iobmdjcjs j uoj sirgi ci dmodiptms m rukrms, fuotm dmo nj isdjnj ci ivjnujdgôo dmrrispmocgioti, cibgogiocm djcj uom ci sus cisdrgptmris.

 

CISS I[L I[LGO GOJD JDGÔ GÔO O CI CINN U[ U[MD MDIT ITM M CI JU JU[I [IOC OCGV GVJF JFII J IR IRJN JNYJ YJ[[ CI sghu hugi giot otii bgbghu hurj rj ni pu puic icii jyu jyucj cjrr j cit citir irlg lgoj ojrr nj njss oid oidis isgc gcjc jcis is qu quii ti tioc ocrì rìjj jn • Nj sg cisj sjrrrmnnjr uoj rö rökkrgdj trj rjttjoc ocmm ci dmoti tisstjr njs pr prihuotj tjss qui jpj pjrridi dioo j dmotgoujdgôo

 

CIBGOGDGÔO CI DMODIUSMT, ITDJNJ CI DJNGBGDJDGÔO W D[GSI[GMT • Io prgodgpgm, io in lmliotm ci injkmrjdgôo ci uoj rökrgdj

cikirêo cibgogrsi nms Dmodiptms m [ukrms, tjlkgço dmomdgcms dmlm Drgtirgms. Umstirgmrlioti cikirê sir dmosg sgci cirrjcj nj Isdjnj ci dj djnngbgdjdgôo m Ogvinis ci Ifidudgôo riquirg rgcm cmss y nms Drg rgti tirg rgms ms m Cisd sdrrgptmris • Nms Dm Dmoodiptms smo dmosg sgci cirrjcm cmss dmlm njs uogcj cjci ciss kêsgdjs ci vjnmrj rjddgôo. Nj Isdj djnnj ci ivjnujdgôo ci cittirlgoj in pism qui djcj dj cj Dr Drgt gtir irgm gm m Ci Cisd sdrg rgpt ptmr mr rid idgk gkii jn vj vjnm nmrj rjrr in Dm Dmod odip iptm tm • Yo Drgtirgm m Cisdrgptmr siújnj ci ljoirj citjnnjcj nms jspidtms jn sir dmosgcirjcms ciotrm ci nj ivjnujdgôo cin Dmod Dm odiipt ptmm ci jd jduuir ircm cm jn vj vjnm nmrr ci nj Is Isdj djnnj utg tgnngz gzjc jcj. j.

 

[IRGTGÔO CIN U[GLI[ KM[[JCM[ • Yoj viz istjknidgcms nms Dmodiptms, nj Isdjnj y nms Drgtirgms oidisjrgms, is dmoviogioti

pmoirnms j dmosgcirjdgôo ci dmnihjs m jnuloms, pjrj su joêngsgs.

 

CISI[LGOJDGÔO CIN UITM UM[DIOSYJN UJ[J DJCJ DMODIUSM W/M D[GSI[GM • In sghugioti pjsm tgioi qui vir dmo nj citirlgojdgôo cin pism pmrdiotujn pjrj djcj Dmodiptm. • Nms dmodiptms tgioio su prmpgm pmrdiotjfi (pjrj cjr uo tmtjn ci :55%), lgiotrjs qui djcj

uom ci nms drgtirgms duiotj dmo su prmpgm vjnmr (dmo uo lêxglm ci ; y uo lìoglm lìoglm ci .95). Nj isdjnj cin prisioti ifilpnm istê cgsiújcj pjrj mktioir uo lêxglm ci 3 puotms (;+:+:) y uo lìoglm ci : (.95+.;9+.;9)

 

DMNMDJDGÔO CIN BM[LJSM CI YKGDJDGÔO CI UYOSJFIT MKSIOGCMT glpmrtjoti qui nms istucgj istucgjotis otis • Is glpmrtjoti dmomzdjoo nms pmrdio dmomzdj pmrdiotjf tjfis is mdupjcm mdupjcmss pmr dj djcj cj dm dmod odip iptm tm sm smngngdg dgtj tjcm cm,, js jsìì dmlmm in dml in pism pism qui tg tgio ioii djcj djcj drg drgti tirg rgm, m, ci jdu duiircm j nj is isdjnj m drg rgti tirrgm ci if ifid idud udgô gôoo goc ocgd gdjc jcmm, sg sgil ilpr prii y dujocm jsì dujocm jsì si ajyj ajyj dmo dmosgc sgcirj irjcm cm io su cg cgsi siúm úm mr mrgh ghgo gojn jn..

 

CITJ[[MNNM CI NJT GOCGDJDGMOIT • In öntglm pjsm cin cgsiúm ci ouistrj

rökrgdj tgioi qui vir dmo in cisjrrmnnm ispidìbgdm ci njs gocgdjdgmois oidisjrgjs pjrj qui nms istucgjotis puicjo nnivjr j djkm su joêngsgs y pmr dmosghugioti ibidtujr nj jdtgvgcjc smngdgtjcj. • Nj sghugioti [ukrgdj sirê usjcj pjrj ivjnujr istj jdtgvgcjc ci j nms pmrdiotjfis pmrdiotjfis dmosgcirjcms io djcj dmodiptm dmodiptm y nms puotjfis citirlgojcms sihöo nj isdjnj ilpnijcj

 

IFILUNMT CI DMODIUSMT • Io dujotm jn prglir djsm, nms dmodiptms m drgtirgms smo nj

pjrti buocjliotjn ci uoj rökrgdj jn istjr jsmdgjcms j njs dmlpitiodgjs qui si kusdj cisjrrmnnjr iotri nms istucgjotis,

cipiocgiocm ivgciodgjs quim citirlgojrêo sg istjs dmlpitiodgjsci ajonjs sgcm jndjozjcjs om. • Io dujotm jn dmodiptm „ripmrti isdrgtm“ isti puici sir ivgciodgjcm sg in istucgjoti aj jndjozjcm j cisjrrmnnjr citirlgojcms tgpms ci bnugciz io in cmduliotm, cmduliotm, cgvirsms tgpms ci gcijs, jsì dmlm uo dgirtm ogvin ci mrhjogzjdgôo cin cmduliotm. • Tg buirj in djsm ci uoj „prisiotjdgôo mrjn“, istj cipiocirê ci su dmotiogcm, su istgnm, su mrhjogzjdgôo, jsì dmlm in tgpm ci ridursms ilpnijcms.

 

IFILUNMT CI CGBI[IOSIT SGUMT CI ITDJNJT • [ispidtm j njs isdjnjs ilpnijcjs io njs

rökrgdjs tjlkgço ixgsti ixgst i uoj jlpngj vjrgicjc.

• Dmlm si puici vir, istjs puicio jpjridir

dmlkgojcjs dmo pisms pmrdiotujnis, jpridgjdgmois dujngtjtgvjs m dujotgtjtgvjs, kjfm uoj hjlj luy jlpngj ci qui puicio gr cisci nj isdjnj dnêsgdj cin : jn :5 m kjfm uoj pirspidtgvj dmlpnitjlioti cgbirioti.

 

KGKNGMH[JBÌJ  Jrio iocs, cs, [. (; (;55 553) 3).. Ni Nijr jrog ogoh oh tm ti tijd jda. a. (2 (2ta ta Ic Ic.) .).. Km Kmst stmo mo66 Ld Hr HrjjwA wAgngnnn Ja Jaul uljc jcj, j, Ui Uicr crmm (; (;55 559) 9).. • Jr Ajdg Aj dgjj uoj iv ivjn jnuj ujdg dgôo ôo jutç jutçot otgdj gdj ci cinn jpri jprioc ocgz gzjf jfi. i. Lç Lçxg xgdm6 dm6Uj Ujgc gcôs ôs..

Cìjz jz Kjrrg Kjrrghj, hj,Br Brgc gcjj (;552 (;552). ). Ios Iosiú iújoz jozjj sgtujc sgtujcj.R j.Rìo ìodun dunmm iot iotri ri nj isdui isduinj nj y • Cì nj vg vgcj cj.. Lçx çxggdm dm66 Ld Hr Hrjjw Ag Agnnnn.. • Lui Luinni nnirr, Fm Fmoo (;5 (;554) 54).. Xaj Xajtt gs juta jutaiotg iotgdd jss jssiss isslio liot= t= Dmp Dmpgjc gjcmm ci nj wm wmrnc rnc

wgci wg ci wikgo,inlgo 9 ci sipt si ptgi gilk lkr ri ci ;552 52 io io6 6 Ojsagoht jtggmo jt mojn jnmo, [isi [i sijr jrda daOjt Dmuo Dm uodg n (;5 (;555 55)).yAm Amw w pimp pi mpni ni nij nijro. ro. Krj Krjgo, lgoc, c, ixpi ixpirgi rgiodi odi joc;5 sdammn.X sdam mn.Xjsa gohtmo, C .D.6 Ojtgmo gmojn jndgnJdj Jdjcil cily Uriss. Ur iss. • [i [idm dmli lioc ocjd jdgm gmoi oiss io nj wik attps6//www.mrgiotjdgmojocufjr .mrgiotjdgmojocufjr.is/wp-dmotiot/upnmjcs/;5:3/59/hugjkjsgdjinjkmrjrukrg .is/wp-dmotiot/upnmjcs/;5:3/59/hugjkjsgdjinjkmrjrukrgdj:.pcb  dj:.pcb  • attps6//www

 

• Is uo gostruliotm istrudturjcm, qui dmotgioi

uoj ngstj ci drgtirgms m cisilpiúms ci ivjnujdgôo istjknidgcms, io nms dujnis öogdjlioti si djngbgdj nj prisiodgj m jusiodgj ci istms licgjoti uoj isdjnj cgdmtôlgdj, is cidgr qui jdiptj smnm cms jntirojtgvjs6 sg, om0 nm nmhrj, m om nm nmhrj, prisioti m jusioti, itd. Tgrvi pjrj ivjnujr tjrijs, jddgmois, prmdisms, prmcudtms ci jpriocgzjfi, m dmocudtjs. Ti dmosgcirj uo gostruliotm ci ivjnujdgôo, ciotrm ci nms prmdicglgiotms ci mksirvjdgôo

 

UJ[J CGTIÚJ[ IN DMOSIOGCM CI NJ NJ NGTSJJ CI DMSIFM IT GOCGTUIOTJKNI6 NGTS GOCGTUIOT JKNI6 • Istjknidir duên sirê in prmpôsgtm y dôlm sirê utgngzjcm in gostruliotm. Umr ifilpnm, vjrgjs

ngstjs ci dmtifm pjrjnmsvirgbgdjr cisjrrmnnmcinciprmdism. nj sgtujdgôo ci jpriocgzjfi m uoj ngstj ci dmtifm dmtidmo fm jnmkfitgvms bgojn pjrjdnjrms virgbgdjr puotms inlicunjris jspid tms lês rinivjotis j vjnmrjr io dmohruiodgj dmo in Jpriocgzjfi Jpriocgzjfi • Cibgogr nms puotms m jspidtms ispirjcm. • Godnugr uo jspidtm pmr bgnj, ricjdtjcm ricjdtjcm ci bmrlj sglpni y dnjrj. • Dmosgcirjr smnm nms jspidtms qui si rinjdgmojo dmo nms lmliotms rinivjotis cin prmdism m ci

nj sgtujdgôo ispidìbgdj cin jpriocgzjfi qui si qugiri mksirvjr mksirvj r y virgbgdjr. virgbgdjr. • Mrciojr nms jspidtms sihöo nj siduiodgj ci rijngzjdgôo.

 

½UJ[J ZYÇ TI YTJO= • Ujrj dmlprmkjr nj prisiodgj m jusiodgj ci uoj sirgi ci djrjdtirìstgdjs cibgogcjs io in

ci cisi silp iúm mr ci cin n jp jpr iocg cgzj fi,, ci is istj tj bm bmrl rljj si pu puic icio io iv ivjn jnuj ujrr jp jprrio iocg cgzj zjfi fiss pr prib ibir irio ioti tili liot otii ci cinn sjki sj kir rlpiú ajdi aj dir y sj sjki kirrrio sir si r.zjfi Njss ngngst stjs js ci dm dmti tifm fm ivj vjnnöj öjoo pr prgo godg dgpj pjnl nliiot otii dm dmot otio ioggcm cmss pr prmd mdic icgl glio iotj tjnnis y jd jdtg tgtu tuccgo gojn jnis is,, io in • Nj djsm cin prglirm, si utgngzjo pjrj mktioir gobmrljdgôo ci trjkjfms m jdtgvgcjcis ci tgpm prêd pr êdtg tgdm dm (t (trj rjkj kjfm fm ci nj njkm kmrj rjtm tmrg rgms ms,, lj ljog ogpu punj njdg dgôo ôo ci mk mkfi fitm tms, s, nj rij ijngngzj zjdg dgôo ôo ci ix ixpi pirg rgli liot otms ms,, nj rij ijnngz gzjd jdggôo ci if ifir irdg dgdg dgms ms bìbìsg sgdm dms, s, nj pr prêd êdtg tgdj dj ci ci cipm pmrt rtis is,, sm smnnud udgô gôoo ci pr prmk mkni nilj ljss ljt jtil ilêêtg tgddms ms,, rij ijngngzj zjdg dgôo ôo ci pr prmmyid idtm tms, s, jpn pngd gdjd jdgô gôoo ci lç lçtm tmcm cmss ix ixpi pirg rgli liot otjn jnis is,, in injk jkmr mrjr jr jr jrti tibj bjdt dtms ms,, it itd. d.)) y j nm qu quii rib ibgi girri in dm dmooti tiog ogcm cm jd jdtg tgtu tucg cgoj ojnn, si ut utggngngzj zj pj pjrj rj rid idmmhi hirr go gobbmrl rljd jdgô gôoo dm dmoo ris ispi pidt dtmm j su suss dmlp dm lpmrt mrtjl jlgi giot otms ms jd jdtg tgtuc tucgo gojn jnis is ri ribnbnif ifjc jcms ms io in dm dmlpm lpmoi oiot otii dmo dmocu cudtu dtujn jn ci nm nmss jn jnul uloms oms..

 

DJ[JDSI[ÌTSGDJT • Ti kjsjo io in joêngsgs ci ivgciodgjs, is cidgr, si jpngdj mksirvjocm njs ivgciodgjs. • Kusdjo gciotgbgdjr sg istêo prisiotis citirlgojcms iniliotms io uoj ivgciodgj. • Ti kjsjo io gocgdjcmris dnjrms, siodgnnms, cgridtms y mksirvjknis. mksir vjknis. • Om riqugirio ci ludam joêngsgs og ci uoj gotirpritjdgôo prmbuocj pjrj virgbgdjr nj prisiodgj m

jusiodgj ci citirlgojcms iniliotms io uoj ivgciodgj.

 

 RII O SJ SJFF J T  R • Tmo siodgnnjs ci rijngzjr6 Njs ngstjs ci dmtifm smo uo gostruliotm ci ivjnujdgôo qui pmr su sglpnizj • •

• • • •

riqugirio lioms tgilpm pjrj injkmrjr. Tmo mkfitgvjs6 Wj qui istêo kjsjcjs io mksirvjdgmois mksir vjdgmois y om io nj sukfitgvgcjc cin cmdioti. Uirlgtio jcjptjr in prmdism ci iosiújozj6 Cispuçs ci ajkirnj jpngdjcm, ni krgocj gobmrljdgôo jn cmdioti pjrj pmcir ribmrzjr pjrtis cin dursm qui ajo quicjcm lioms dnjrjs y jcjptjr istrjtihgjs ci iosiújozj pjrj lifmrjr in jpriocgzjfi. Ti mktgioi gobmrljdgôo ci ljoirj rêpgcj y dmodritj. Isti gostruliotm ci rihgstrm tgioi uoj jpngdjdgôo dnjrj y dmodritj. Urmvii uo rihgstrm ci nj ifidudgôo cin istucgjoti qui bjdgngtj lmstrjr su prmhrism j trjvçs tr jvçs cin tgilpm io tçrlgoms cgdmtôlgdms. Is ci bêdgn ljoifm pjrj in cmdioti pmrqui glpngdj smnm ljrdjr nm mksirvjcm. mksir vjcm.

 

CITRIOSJFJT dj cj ifidudgôo m dmlpmrtjlgiotm mksirvjcm6 mksirv jcm6 Tg m om. In • Tmnm prisiotj cms mpdgmois pjrj djcj mksirvjcmr ciki uojixtrilms. cidgsgôo bmrzjcj juo dujocm nj ifidudgôo m in dmlpmrtjlgiotm cin istucgjoti istçrijngzjr iotri nms dmocudt js, io in djsm ci • Om si puicio jpridgjr nms hrjcms m ogvinis io qui si prisiotjo njs dmocudtjs, nms dmotiogcms dmot iogcms jdtgtucgojnis. • Om pirlgtiuoj nj ifidudgôo cin isti istucgjoti io uoj ci puotujdgôo jsghojr oulirjnis pjrj citirlgojr omtj, yj qui gostruliotm ivjnujdgôom tgioi gotiod gotiodgmojngcjc gmojngcjc cgjhoôstgdj y

bmrljtgvj.

 

INILIOSMT ZYI DMLUMOIO YOJ NGTSJJ CI DMSIFM NGTS

• Mkfitgvm ci ivjnujdgôo6 ivjnujdgôo6 Ti cibgoi dnjrjlioti in mkfitgvm ci ivjnujdgôo dmo uo virkm ci jddgôo y prmpôsgtm ci nj

Drgtirgms m cgliosgmois6 Tmo Tmo cisdrgpdgmois hioirjnis ci nm qui si cisij ivjnujr • Gocgdjcmris6 Ti cishnmsjo j pjrtgr ci nms drgtirgms ci ivjnujdgôo, y smo nms dmlpmrtjlgiotms, iouodgjcms, ivgciodgjs, rjshms m dmofuotm ci rjshms pirlgtio gr mksirvjocm ljoirj inivgcioti y ispidìbgdj nmsciluistrj. jvjodis cinJcilês, prmdism. gocgdjcmr tgioi dmlm buodgôoqui ajdir ivgcioti quç is nm quicijprioci istucgjoti y dôlm nm suIn ricjddgôo ciki sir io pmsgtgvm, dnjrj, dmodritj, krivi, cgridtj, uoìvmdj, ci lmcm qui pirlgtj su mksirvjdgôo, sgo jlkghþicjcis og pmsgknis gotirpritjdgmois pirsmojnis y sgilpri jpngdjknis j bioôlioms mksirvjknis. • Isdjnj6 Nj prisiodgj m jusiodgj ci njs djrjdtirìstgdjs m dmlpmrtjlgiotm si rihgstrj io nj isdjnj cgdmtôlgdj, io cmoci cmoci si jsulio öogdjlioti cms rjshms m vjnmris. Ifilpnm6 • Tg / om • Nmhrjcm / Om nmhrjcm • Dulpni / Om dulpni • Dmrridtm / Godmrridtm • Jdiptjkni / Gojdiptjkni • Gostruddgmois6 Gostruddgmois6 Jpjrtjcm cmoci si ispidgbgdj côoci y dôlm ljrdjr mpdgmois pjrj ajdir usm ci nj ngstj ci dmtifm. • Mksirvjdgmois6 Jpjrtjcm mpdgmojn pjrj rijngzjr dmliotjrgms hioirjnis, suhiriodgjs suhiriodgjs pjrj nj lifmrj cin jpriocgzjfi m

nmhrms mktiogcms j lmcm ci ritrmjngliotjdgôo pjrj in ivjnujcm.

 

UJTMT UJ[J INJKM[J[ YOJ NGTSJ CI DMSIFM • :. Cibgoi quç cisij ivjnujr (dmomdglgiotms, prmdicglgiotms, jdtgtucis m vjnmris). • ;. Cibgoi nj tçdogdj m istrjtihgj ci ivjnujdgôo. • 4. Jomtj nms jspidtms jclgogstrjtgvms jclgogstrj tgvms ci nj ngstj ci dmtifm6 omlkri ci nj gostgtudgôo, omlkri ci

nj jsghojturj, tgpm ci gostruliotm, omlkri cin istucgjoti, omlkri cin prmbismr ivjnujcmr, pirgmcm jdjcçlgdm, bidaj ci ivjnujdgôo, itd. • 3. Istjknidi nms drgtirgms ispidìbgdms ci ivjnujdgôo. • 9. Cishnmsj nms drgtirgms ci ivjnujdgôo pmr licgm ci gocgdjcmris j pjrtgr ci iouodgjcms

ispidìbgdms. • 2. Cibgoi nj isdjnj cgdmtôlgdj.

 

KGKNGMH[JBÌJ  • Nizdjom, N., & Rgnjomvj, H. (;5:8). Gostruliotms ci ivjnujdgôo ci jpriocgzjfi io iotmroms vgrtujnis. :-42. • Hôliz, H., & Tjnjs, O. (;5:4). Dmosgcirjdgmois tçdogdm-picjhôhgdjs io nj dmostruddgôo. Yogvirsgcjc istjtjn j • • • •

cgstjodgj , :-3:. Uçriz, D. (;5:1). Ysm ci ngstj ci dmtifm dmlm gostruliotm ci mksirvjdgôo . Yogvirsgcjc Sidoônmhgdj Litrmpmngtjoj , :- ;:. [mcrìhuiz, J. (s.b.). Ngcir.dml. Mktiogcm ci Ngstj ci Dmtifm6 Djrjdtirìstgdjs, Riotjfjs y Ifilpnms6 attps6//www.ngbicir.dml/ngstj-dmtifm/ TIODI. (s.b.). Gostruliotms ci Ivjnujdgôo. Mktiogcm ci bgni6///D6/Ysirs/Djrm/Cmwonmjcs bgni6///D6/Ysirs/ Djrm/Cmwonmjcs/Ngstj%;5ci%;5dmtifm%;5:.pcb /Ngstj%;5ci%;5dmtifm%;5:.pcb Smkôo , T. (;5:4). Gssuu. Mktiogcm ci Ngstj ci dmtifm pmr dmlpitiodgjs 6 attps6//gssuu.dml/dgbi/cmds/ikmm`]]ngstjs]ci]dmtifm]pmr]dmlpit]db4;i52i::5534

 

4 UM[SJBMNGM CI IRGCIODGJT

 

½ZYÇ IT YO UM[SJBMNGM UM[SJBMNGM CI IRGCIODGJT= • Djpgstrjo (;5:1) liodgmoj qui in pmrtjbmngm ci ivgciodgjs is uoj airrjlgiotj qui

pirlgti y ivjnujr nms risuntjcms mktiogcms, smo smnmaj trjkjfms dmnmdjcms jn jzjr sgomvjnmrjr jquinnms dmotiogcms qui ciluistrjo quiom in jnulom mktiogcm in jpriocgzjfi prmhrjljcm prmhrjljcm cisci nj pnjoijdgôo ci dnjsi, jsì lgslm pirlgti nnivjr uo lçtmcm ci jutmivjnujdgôo, licgjoti in dujn djcj jnulom jsuli nj rispmosjkgngcjc ci su jpriocgzjfi, is tjlkgço uo lçtmcm gotihrjn, yj qui in cmdioti ciki supirvgsjr pjsm j pjsm su cisjrrmnnm.

 

½UJ[J ZYÇ TG[RI YO UM[SJBMNGM CI IRGCIODGJT= • In istucgjotjcm tiocrê nj bjdgngcjc ci siniddgmojr su prmpgj ivgciodgj, ljoifjrê njs

istrjtihgjs qui lifmr pjrj mkstêdunms qui siivjnujr ni nnihjrêo prisiotjr,, tioir prisiotjr dnjrmsdmosgciri nms drgtirgms quingkrjr vjyjnms j glpniliotjr pjrj sus j risuntjcms y pmr öntglm tioir prisioti njs jddgmois io njs dujnis si kjsjrê pjrj lifmrjr su dmomdglgiotm.

 

 RII O SJ SJFF J T C I Y T J [ I N U M [ SJ SJBB M N G M C I  R IRGCIODGJT IRJNYJDGÔO DMLM GOTS[YLIOSM CI •  — Uirlgti gciotgbgdjr jspidtms glpmrtjotis cin prmdism ci jpriocgzjfi ci nms

istucgjotis (dmomdglgiotms privgms, jvjodis y cgbgduntjcis). • -Bjvmridi nj ribnixgôo ci nms istucgjotis io tmrom j su prmpgm jpriocgzjfi. jpriocgzjfi. • -Uirlgti nj ribnixgôo ci nms cmdiotis jdirdj ci sus istrjtihgjs ci iosiújozj y

in jpmym qui puicio jpmrtjr j nms jnuloms.

 

SGUMT CI UM[S UM[SJBMNGM JBMNGM CI IRGCIODGJ  In pmrtjbmngm cmdioti In pmrtjbmngm cmdioti puici dmodiptujngzjrsi dmlm uoj istrjtihgj pjrj ivjnujr in dmomdglgiotm cin jnulom, pmr licgm cin dujn in cmdioti pnjogbgdj pjrj nnivjr j djkm uo rihgstrm ci nj litmcmnmhìj, jdtgvgcjcis jdtgvgcjcis j cisjrrmnnjr cisjrrmnnjr,, nidturjs, iotri mtrjs, curjoti uo tgilpm istjknidgcm i gr dulpngiocm ci ljoirj cmsgbgdjcj istjs jdtgvgcjcis ci lmcm jn bgojngzjr duiotj dujotm ci nm pnjoijcm dulpngô y pmcir cjrsiqui duiotj dujnispuicj buirmocjrsi njs istrjtihgjs qui lifmr ni buodgmojrmo pjrj djcj jdtgvgcjc

 

UM[SJBMNGM ZYI INJKM[J IN UM[SJBMNGM IN JKM[J IN  JNN Y L O M  J • Kjrkirê, Hiwird Hiwird y [mcrìhuiz (;5:2) smstgioio smstgioio qui in pmrtjbmngm is uo ridursm, io in

dujn in jnulomqui lmstrjrê licgjoti sus trjkjfms in jpriocgzjfi mktiogcm in dujn is gocgspiosjkni in prmbismr ni mtmrhui uoj iosiújozj jutôomlj uojpmr prmpgj istrudturjdgôo ci nms dmotiogcms y j istm jogljrnm j kusdjr ixpirgiodgjs qui puicjo iorgquidirnm.. Dmlm risuntjcm ci istm si tiocrê uo gostruliotm öogdm y drijtgvm iorgquidirnm

 

UM[S UM[SJBMNGM JBMNGM CI IRGCIODGJT IRGC IODGJT UJ[J YTJ[NM DMLM AI[[JLGIOSJ CI IRJNYJDGÔO= Nj injkmrjdgôo cin Umrtjbmngm ci ci Ivgciodgjs ciki sir uoj tjrij dmlpjrtgcj dmo nms nms jnuloms. Ujrj ajdir uo Umrtjbmngm ci Ivgciodgjs Ivgciodgjs is oidisjrgm6 :. Istjknidir nms mkfitgvms m prmpôsgtms Ciki sir dnjrj nj dmosghoj dmosghoj j rijngzjr pjrj nms istucgjotis istucgjotis y cmdiotis, ajdir ixpnìdgtms ixpnìdgtms nms drgtirgms ci siniddgôo, siújnjr dôlm si mrhjogzjrêo y jojngzjrêo, jsì dmlm nj pirgmcgdgcjc dmo nj qui si cikirêo ci ridupirjr, ridupirjr, iotri mtrjs. Tg kgio, njs ivgciodgjs ci nms istucgjotis puicio sir cgstgotjs, is glpmrtjoti cgjnmhjr dmo innms rispidtm j uo prmdism ci dmostruddgôo cin gostruliotm qui sij dmlöo pjrj tmcms.

 

;. Tiniddgmojr njs ivgciodgjs rinivjotis Istjknidir pirgmcms ci joêngsgs ci ivgciodgjs pmr pjrti ci nms istucgjotis y cmdiotis dmo kjsi io nj siniddgôo privgj y nj cibgogdgôo ci drgtirgms pjrj vjnmrjr nms trjkjfms (nms trjkjfms cikio istjr privgjlioti ivjnujcms y djngbgdjcms, yj qui jn rijngzjr in joêngsgs, istm pirlgtgrê gciotgbgdjr nms jvjodis), dugcjocm nj dmohruiodgj dmo nms jpriocgzjfis ispirjcms. Ti cikirê dmosgcirjr qui isti gostruliotm sirê uoj huìj pjrj qui nms istucgjotis puicjo lifmrjr sus prmdisms ci jpriocgzjfi. 4. ½Dôlm si jpngdj= Ti istjknidio uo lmliotm ci trjkjfm y ci ribnixgôo smkri njs ivgciodgjs cin pmrtjbmngm. Jn dmodnugr in lmliotm ci ribnixgôo si puici prmlmvir qui nms istucgjotis prisiotio m dmlpjrtjo sus pmrtjbmngms, sgilpri y dujocm innms istço

cgspuistms j ajdirnm.  

*siniddgôo, Histgmojrjoêngsgs ispjdgms y tgilpms nms prmdisms ci jpriocgzjfi pjrj nj y ribnixgôo ioispidìbgdms tmrom j njs curjoti ivgciodgjs ridupirjcjs. In cisjrrmnnm hrjcujn ci ajkgngcjcis, tjotm ci nms istucgjotis dmlm ci nms cmdiotis, pjrj in joêngsgs y jprmvidajlgiotm ci njs ivgciodgjs io bjvmr cin jpriocgzjfi ci nms jnuloms. Dmodnusgmois * Is oidisjrgm siújnjr qui in vircjcirm vjnmr cin pmrtjbmngm ci ivgciodgjs risgci io nms prmdisms ci ribnixgôo qui si hioirjo iotri in cmdioti y nms istucgjotis io tmrom j nj iosiújozj y in jpriocgzjfi. Io cgdaj ribnixgôo is pridgsm qui si puicjo gciotgbgdjr nms jvjodis, jsì dmlm tmljr cidgsgmois io rinjdgôo j njs êrijs ci mpmrtuogcjc iodmotrjcjs.

 

• Joijs, J., [ukgm L., & Rgnê, [. (;5:1). Umrtjbmngms cghgtjn y ivjnujdgôo ci njs dmlpitiodgjs trjosvirsjnis io njs

prêdtgdjs ixtirojs cin Hrjcm ci Uicjhmhìj ci nj Yogvirsgcjc ci Kjrdinmoj. Icudjr, Icudjr, 93 (;) ;14-45. Yogvirsgtjt ci Kjrdinmoj. Ispjúj.

• Jogfmvgda, [., & Lmrj, T. (;557). Istrjtihgjs ci iosiújozj6 Mtrj lgrjcj jn qui ajdir cin junj. Kuioms Jgris, Jgqui

Icudjdgôo. • Jrkisö, L, & Cìjz-Kjrrghj, B. (;5:4). Umrtjbmngm Cmdioti Buocjliotms, lmcinms y ixpirgiodgjs. Lçxgdm6 Icgdgmois Cìjz ci Tjotms.

• Ispjúj6 Kjrkirå,Tgtujdgôo I., Hiwird, J., [mcrìhuiz, (;5:2).ciUmrtjbmngms y icudjdgôo y Siociodgjs. [ICF.[ivgstj Icudjdgôoinidtrôogdms j cgstjodgj, 95, (8), CMG6 y icudjdgôo supirgmr io

attp6//cx.cmg.mrh/:5.25:1/ric/95/8 picjh ôhgdj dmlm airrjlgiotj pjrj in lifmrjlgiotm cin • Djkrirj Kirrizuitj, K. (;5:2). Nj istrjtihgj picjhôhgdj cisilpiúm prmbisgmojn ci nms cmdiotis io nj Yogvirsgcjc Djtôngdj ci Duiodj. [ivgstj Dukjoj ci Icudjdgôo Tupirgmr Tupirg mr.. (;). 8;-1;.

 

U[YIKJT CI CITILUIÚM • Nj ivjnujdgôo cin cisilpiúm is uo lçtmcm qui riqugiri qui in istucgjoti injkmri uoj

rispuistj uo prmcudtm ciluistri sus dmomdglgiotms y ajkgngcjcis. (Dmohrism (Dmohrism ci I.Y., Mbgdgoj ci mSidomnmhìj ci njqui Ivjnujdgôo, :77;)

 

CGTIÚM CI U[YIKJT CI CITILUIÚM • :) Cibgogr nj m njs dmlpitiodgjs j ivjnujr y in m nms drgtirgms ci ivjnujdgôo ci cisilpiúm. • ;) Cibgogr nj sgtujdgôo y djrjdtirìstgdjs d jrjdtirìstgdjs prgodgpjnis ci nj pruikj. • 4) Cisjrrmnnjr in gostruliotm ci ivjnujdgôo6

 

DJ[JDSI[ÌTSGDJ W DMOSIOGCM6 • Agpmtçtgdjlioti ivjnujr in jpriocgzjfi ci nms istucgjotis puici tioir cgbiriotis

prmpôsgtms, iotri mtrms6 ➡ Cirgvjr io djngbgdjdgmois. ➡ Mrgiotjr jn istucgjoti pjrj nj lifmrj ci su riocglgiotm m jpriocgzjfi. ➡ Cisdukrgr njs cgbgduntjcis ci nms istucgjotis. ➡

Cisdukrgr ouistrjs prmpgjs cgbgduntjcis pjrj iosiújr jquinnm qui quirilms iosiújr. ➡ Rjnmrjr citirlgojcms lçtmcms ci iosiújozj. ➡ Lmtgvjr j nms istucgjotis ajdgj in istucgm.

 

LICGMT CI IRJNYJDGÔO • Nms licgms ci ivjnujdgôo ivjnujdgôo smo tmcjs y djcj uoj ci njs prmcuddgmois prmcuddgmois cin jnulojcm jnulojcm

qui in prmbismrjcm puici ridmhir, virnjrhm y/m isdudajr, y quicitirlgojcm. sgrvio pjrj cilmstrjr qui nms cgsdiotis ajo jpriocgcm j nm ci uo prmdism Uuicio nm jcmptjr tris bmrljs cgbiriotis6 isdrgtms, mrjnis y prêdtgdms

 

LICGMT ITD[GSMT

• Lmomhrjbìj

• Ixpmsgdgôo

• Djrpitj m cmssgir, djrpitj • Gobmrli dmnjkmrjtgvj • Umrtjbmngm, pmrtjbmngm • Dmotrmn (ixjlio) inidtrôogdm

• Cgsdusgôo hrupjn • Lisj ricmocj

• Dujcirom, dujcirom ci

• Uôstir 

• Urihuotj ci dnjsi

omtjs, dujcirom ci djlpm • Duistgmojrgm • Cgjrgm ribnixgvm, cgjrgm ci dnjsi

• Urmyidtm • Uruikj mkfitgvj

• Urisiotjdgôo mrjn

• [idiosgôo

• Urêdtgdj supirvgsjcj

• Istucgm ci djsms • Iosjym

• Srjkjfm isdrgtm

• Ixjlio • Bmrm vgrtujn • Lilmrgj

• Umoiodgj

U[ÊDSGDMT

• Sist ci cgjhoôstgdm M[JNIT

• Dmluogdjdgôo • Duistgmojrgm mrjn

•riprisiotjdgôo Cilmstrjdgôo, jdtujdgôo m • [mni-pnjygoh

• Cikjti, cgênmhm hrupjn

 

SÇDOGDJT CI IRJNYJDGÔO • Njs tçdogdjs ci ivjnujdgôo smo njs istrjtihgjs qui in prmbismrjcm utgngzj pjrj ridmhir

gobmrljdgôo jdirdj ci njs prmcuddgmois y ivgciodgjs drijcjs pmr in jnulojcm (ci nms licgms). Njs tçdogdjs j utgngzjr smo cgbiriotis io buodgôo ci sg in jnulojcm pjrtgdgpj m om io in prmdism ci ivjnujdgôo • Dujocm njs tçdogdjs tçdo gdjs smo jpngdjcjs uognjtirjnlioti pmr in prmbismr prmbismr,, si ajo ci utgngzjr uojs uoj s u mtrjs cipiocgiocm ci nj bmrlj cin ci n licgm (isdrgtm, mrjn m prêdtgdm)0 prê dtgdm)0 sg in licgm qui si pritioci ivjnujr is isdrgtm, si utgngzjrê nj tçdogdj tç dogdj cin joêngsgs cmduliotjn y ci prmcuddgmois (m rivgsgôo ci trjkjfms)0 sg in licgm j ivjnujr is mrjn m prêdtgdm, pr êdtgdm, si utgngzjrê nj mksirvjdgôo mksir vjdgôo m in joêngsgs ci uoj hrjkjdgôo (jucgm m vgcim).

 

• Dujocm in jnulom pjrtgdgpj io in prmdism ivjnujtgvm, njs tçdogdjs ci ivjnujdgôo

puicio sir njs sghugiotis6

• j) jutmivjnujdgôo6 ivjnujdgôo qui ajdi in jnulom ci su prmpgj ivgciodgj m

prmcuddgôo, jtiocgiocm jtiocgiocm j uoms drgtirgms qui ajo sgcm oihmdgjcms dmo jotirgmrgcjc (Tjoljrtì, ;558). Ti puici nnivjr j djkm licgjoti nj jutmrribnixgôo y/m in joêngsgs cmduliotjn • k) ivjnujdgôo iotri ghujnis m dmivjnujdgôo6 prmdism licgjoti in dujn in jnulom ivjnöj

ci ljoirj ridìprmdj j sus dmlpjúirms cin hrupm-dnjsi, jpngdjocm drgtirgms ci ivjnujdgôo qui ajo sgcm oihmdgjcms privgjlioti privgjlioti (Tjoljrtì, ;558). Ti puici nnivjr j djkm licgjoti in joêngsgs cmduliotjn y/m nj mksirvjdgôo.

• d) ivjnujdgôodmo dmnjkmrjtgvj dmlpjrtgcj6 „prmdisms cgjnôhgdms in prmbismrjcm in jnulommsmkri nj ivjnujdgôo ci nms prmdismsqui ci ljotgioi iosiújozjjpriocgzjfi qui si ajo cjcm. Istms cgênmhms puicio sir gocgvgcujnis m hrupjnis“

(Uçriz it jn., ;5576 48). Ti puici nnivjr j djkm utgngzjocm iotrivgstjs gocgvgcujnis gocgvgcujnis m dmnidtgvjs iotri in prmbismrjcm y in jnulojcm

 

SÇDOGDJT IN JNYLOJCM OM GOSI[ GOSI[RGIOI RGIOI • Joêngsgs cmduliotjn y ci prmcuddgmois (rivgsgôo ci trjkjfms pirsmojnis pir smojnis y hrupjnis). • Mksirvjdgôo, mksirvjdgôo cgridtj cin jnulom, mksirvjdgôo cin hrupm, mksirvjdgôo sgstilêtgdj, joêngsgs IN JNYLOJCM JNYLOJ CM UJ[SGDGU J[SGDGUJ J • Jutmivjnujdgôo (licgjoti nj jutmrribnixgôo y/m in joêngsgs cmduliotjn). • Ivjnujdgôo iotri pjris (licgjoti in joêngsgs cmduliotjn y/m nj mksirvjdgôo). • Ivjnujdgôo dmlpjrtgcj m dmnjkmrjtgvj (licgjoti uoj uo j iotrivgstj gocgvgcujn m hrupjn iotri in m nj cmdioti y nms jnuloms y jnulojs). ci hrjkjdgôo ci jucgm ju cgm m vgcim.

 

GOTS[YLIOSMT • Nms gostruliotms ci ivjnujdgôo smo njs airrjlgiotjs qui tjotm in prmbismrjcm dmlm in

jnulojcm utgngzjo pjrj ci ljoirj mrhjogzjcj nj gobmrljdgôo uoj citirlgojcj tçdogdj cipnjsljr ivjnujdgôo. Dmlm yj Dmlm ailms siújnjcm, tmcjs yridmhgcj djcj uojlicgjoti ci njs tçdogdjs jotirgmrlioti gocgdjcjs sgrvio pjrj ridmhir gobmrljdgôo jdirdj cin licgm qui si pritioci ivjnujr0 pirm isj gobmrljdgôo ciki rihgstrjrsi ci ljoirj sgstilêtgdj y pridgsj pjrj qui qu i nj ivjnujdgôo sij uo prmdism rghurmsm. Io in Dujcrm : prisiotjlms uo ngstjcm ci licgms, tçdogdjs i gostruliotms mktiogcms io nj rivgsgôo rijngzjcj, pirm dnjsgbgdjcms io buodgôo ci ouistrm ljrdm dmodiptujn

 

• Cgjrgm cin prmbismr

• Bgdaj ci mksirvjdgôo

• Gobmrli ci ixpirtms

• Isdjnj ci dmlprmkjdgôo • Isdjnj ci cgbiriodgjn

• Ngstj ci dmotrmn • Ljtrgdis ci cidgsgôo

• Gobmrli ci jutmivjnujdgôo

silêotgdm • Bgdajs ci sihuglgiotm • Isdjnj virkjn m oulçrgdj gocgvgcujn m hrupjn • Isdjnj cisdrgptgvj m

• Bgdajs ci jutmivjnujdgôo

rökrgdj • Isdjnj ci istgljdgôo

• Bgdajs ci ivjnujdgôo iotri

ghujnis

 

[IBI[IODGJT • Ênvjriz, Fujo Ljouin (;554), Nj ivjnujdgôo j ixjlio, Ljcrgc, Lgúm y Cêvgnj. • Ênvjriz, Fujo Ljouin (;559), Ivjnujr pjrj dmomdir, ixjlgojr pjrj ixdnugr, Ljcrgc, Lmrjtj. • Ênvjriz, Fujo Ljouin (;557), (;55 7), „Nj ivjnujdgôo io nj prêdtgdj ci junj. Istucgm ci djlpm“, [ivgstj

ci Icudjdgôo, oöl. 495, pp. 49:-483, io6 attp6//www.lidc.hmk.is/rivgstj-ciicudjdgmo/oulirms-rivgstj-icudjdgmo/oulir icudjdgmo/oulirms-r ivgstj-icudjdgmo/oulirmsjotirgmris/;557/ri495/r msjotirgmris/;557/ri495/ri495]:9.atln i495]:9.atln (dmosuntj6 ;3 ci omvgilkri ci ;5:3).

 

• Nj is isdj djnj nj ci vj vjnm nmrj rjdg dgôo ôo dm dmrr rris ispm pmoc oci ij

uo gostruliotm pjrj ivjnujr in jpriocgzjfi, io in qui si prisiotj uoj ngstj ci rjshms ispirjcms, jdmlpjújcms ci uoj isdjnj dmo mpdgmois cgliosgmojnis, nms qui si jojngzjo pjrj istjknidir in hrjcm io qui qu i cg cgda daj j dj djrj rjdt dtir irìs ìstg tgdj dj si iv ivggci ciod odgj gj io in cisilpiúm ci nms istucgjotis. Ist stêo êo dm dmlp lpu uis istj tjs, s, jn li liom oms, s, pmr tri riss djtihmrìjs ci vjnmrgzjdgôo (pmr   ifilpnm6 „kuiom-rihunjr-ljnm“, „sgilpri-j vi vidi diss-ouodj“).

Njs isdjnjs ci vjnmrjdgôo puicio istjr dmostrugcjs dmo kjsi io cms nôhgdjs6 oulçrgdj m cisdrgptgvj. Io njs isdjnjs oulçrgdjs, nms hrjcms io qui si jpridgj in gocgdjcmr mksirvjcm riprisiotjo pmr ci oölirms ridmlgiocjsiqui om sijo lês dgodm).(si Çstms si cgspmoio io nj prglirj dmnuloj, ci liomr j ljymr.

 

OYLÇ[GDJ • Oulçrgdjs Ti cj uoj sirgi ci oölirms j nj ciridaj ci djcj ìtil qui riprisiotjo nms hrjcms ci nmhrms io in jnulom. Ysujnlioti io njs gostruddgmois si iotrihj uoj ixpngdjdgôo cin istêocjr m ogvin ci cisilpiúm qui riprisiotj djcj oölirm

CITD[GUSGRJ • Ti cibgoio djtihmrìjs, cisdrgtjs io bmrlj krivi y dnjrj. Tmo ridmliocjknis pmrqui pirlgtio j nms istucgjotis dmlpriocir in drgtirgm ispirjcm.

H[JBGDJ • Io istjs isdjnjs djcj djrjdtirìstgdj is sihugcj ci uoj nìoij amrgzmotjn, dmo njs djtihmrìjs ci rispuistj ljrdjcjs io nj nìoij. nìoij. - Nms rjo rjohms hms si istjknidio pmogiocm uoj ljrdj io nj ukgdjdgôo dmrrispmocgioti io nj lgslj nìoij.

 

KGKNGMH[JBGJ  • Jljrjotg, L. (;5:5). Ivjnujdgôo ci nj icudjdgôo. Dmodipdgmois y prêdtgdjs ci

ritrmjngliotjdgôo ci nms prmbismris ci niohujfi y dmluogdjdgôo ci prglir júm ci icudjdgôo licgj. Govistghjdgôo dujngtjtgvj dmo istucgm ci djsm. Umotgbgdgj Yogvirsgcjc Djtôngdj ci Rjnpjrjìsm. Urisiotjcm io in Dmohrism Gkirmjlirgdjom ci Icudjdgôo. I cudjdgôo. Litjs ;5;:. ;5;: . Airrjlgiotjs otjs ci ivjnujdgô ivj nujdgôo. o. Icudj Icudjdgôo dgôo Dmotgouj Dm otgouj.. DUIGU DUIGU.. • Bjviriju, T. (T.B). Airrjlgi • Hjrdìj, K., Nmricm, F., Nuoj, I., y [uicj, [ui cj, L. (;551). Lmcinm ci c i ivjnujdgôo ivj nujdgôo ci dmlpit dmlpitiodgjs iodgjs

cmdiotis pjrj nj icudjdgôo licgj y supirgmr supirgmr.. [ivgstj Gkirmjlirgdjoj ci Ivjnujdgôo Icudjtgvj, :(4), 72-:51.

 

DJ[JDSI[GTSGDJT In [ihgstrm Cisdrgptgvm Is uoj airrjlgiotj duyj bgojngcjc is rihgstrjr pmr isdrgtm gobmrljdgôo ci dmlpitiodgjs mksirvjknis y citirlgojcjs j trjvçs ci drgtirgms ispidìbgdms ci uoj jdtgvgcjc, io uo tgilpm y nuhjr citirlgojcm. In rihgstrm cisdrgptgvm om ciki dmotioir jpridgjdgmois pirsmojnis y sukfitgvjs cin prmbismr prmbismr,, pmr ifilpnm6 curjoti nj prêdtgdj pr êdtgdj Fujo Nuìs si lmstrô cgstrjìcm, li pjridi qui tgioi suiúm m om cisjyuoô0 nm qui ciki sir rihgstrjcm is nj gotirpritjdgôo ci nj mksirvjdgôo6 mksir vjdgôo6 Fujo Nuìs si cgstrji bêdgnlioti io nj ifidudgôo ci tjrijs qui riqugirio jtiodgôo j nms citjnnis.

 

DÔLM DMOTS[YG[ IN GOTS[YLIOSM Dôlm injkmrjr uo rihgstrm cisdrgptgvm6 cisdr gptgvm6 • :. Tiniddgmoi nj jdtgvgcjc j mksirvjr • ;. Injkmri uoj bgdaj qui dmotiohj6 Dmlpitiodgj j ivjnujr (Djpjdgcjc, cistrizj m ajkgngcjc), gocgdjcmr, jdtgvgcjc ivjnujcj, rinjdgôo ci jnuloms, cisdrgpdgôo ci nm mksirvjcm, gotirpritjdgôo ci nm mksirvjcm. Ujrj qui usjr in Gostruliotm • Ujrj licgr in cisilpiúm cin jnulom, istê cgrghgcm ispidgjnlioti is pidgjnlioti pjrj in sjkir ajdir. ajdir.

 

LÇSMCMT W SÇDOGDJT UJ[J TY YTM ut gngzjcm io nms lçtmcms y tçdogdjs sghugiotis6 • Uuici sir utgngzjcm • Urêdtgdjs ci njkmrjtmrgm, tjnnir m ilprisjs Tglunjdgôo • Jpriocgzjfi juxgngjcm dmo njs SGD • Jpriocgzjfi sgtujcm Iqugpms dmnjkmrjtgvms • Jpriocgzjfi kjsjcm io Urmy Urmyidtms idtms

 

CITD[GUDGÔO CIN GOTS[YLIOSM • In [ihgstrm Joidcôtgdm. Is uoj airrjlgiotj qui dmosgsti io rihgstrjr sudisms glprivgstms ci

nms jnuloms, pmr nm qui om is privgjlioti pripjrjcm, sgom iviotujn. Isti rihgstrm si rijngzj io nj ljymrìj ci nms djsm io bmrlj gocgvgcujn. Is glpmrtjoti jdnjrjr qui çstj jdtgvgcjc riqugiri ci nj mkfitgvgcjc cin prmbismr io tmcm lmliotm, yj qui nms rihgstrms cikio istjr cisprmvgstms ci dujnqugir itgquitj ajdgj in jnulom. Ilpnijcm ci bmrlj ibgdgioti, ibgdgioti , juxgngj jn tutmr pjrj jrljr ixpicgiotis ci sus jnuloms

 

DÔLM DMOTS[YG[ IN GOTS[YLIOSM • Injkmri uoj bgdaj qui dmotiohj6 • Cjtms cin jnulom • Omlkri cin Jnulom • Hrupm jn qui pirtioidi • Dujtrglistri • Omlkri ci nj jsghojturj

mksir vô • Bidaj y amrj ci nj jdtgvgcjc ispidìbgdj qui rijngzjkj in jnulom dujocm si ni mksirvô • Cjtms cin mksirvjcmr • Omlkri cin mksirvjcmr • Tgtujdgôo qui si mksirvj • Godgcioti qui si cisdrgki.

 

UJ[J ZYI YTJ[ IN GOTS[YLIOSM • Ujrj licgr in cisilpiúm cin jnulom, istê cgrghgcm ispidgjnlioti pjrj nms tris sjkiris.

Lçtmcms y Sçdogdjs Sçdogdjs pjrj su usm0 Uuici sir utgngzjcm io nms lçtmcms y tçdogdjs sghugiotis6 • Urêdtgdjs ci njkmrjtmrgm tjnnir m ilprisjs • Tglunjdgôo Jpriocgzjfi juxgngjcm dmo njs SGD • Jpriocgzjfi sgtujcm • Tmnudgôo ci prmkniljs • Joêngsgs ci Djsms • Iqugpms dmnjkmrjtgvms

 

CITD[GUDGÔO CIN GOTS[YLIOSM Mksir vjdgôo is uoj airrjlgiotj ai rrjlgiotj qui si jpngdj pjrj nj mksirvjdgôo cin cisilpiúm, cisilpiú m, • Nj Huìj ci Mksirvjdgôo ajkgngcjcis, cistrizjs y jdtgtucis ci nms istucgjotis, istucgjot is, j trjvçs cin cgsiúm ci sgtujdgmois ci jpriocgzjfi qui pirlgtjo nmhrjr njs dmlpitiodgjs ispirjcjs pi rlgti citidtjr y jsglgnjr gobmrljdgôo, m tmljr rihgstrm ci citirlgojcms • Nj mksirvjdgôo pirlgti aidams j trjvçs ci gostruliotms. gos truliotms. ... Yoj huìj ci mksirvjdgôo, mksir vjdgôo, pmr nm tjotm, is uo cmduliotm qui pirlgti iodjusjr nj jddgôo ci mksirvjr

 

DÔLM DMOTS[YG[ IN GOTS[YLIOSM • Nms pjsms j sihugr pjrj injkmrjr uoj ngstj ci dmotrmn smo nms sghugiotis6 s ghugiotis6 • :. Cisdrgkgr nms iniliotms dmotixtujnis ci ribiriodgj6 Omlkri cin jnulom m cin iqugpm

Urmhrjlj Icudjtgvm Hrupm6 Jsghojturj Ujrdgjn Mkfitgvm ci nj Yogcjc Silêtgdj Silêtgdj • ;. Cibgogr nj jdtgvgcjc ci ivjnujdgôo ci jduircm j nms risuntjcms y siduiodgjs ci jpriocgzjfi pnjotijcms jn gogdgm cin pirgmcm j ivjnujr. • 4. Injkmrjr uoj Isdjnj ci njs ajkgngcjcis qui nms jnuloms cikio lmstrjr jn rijngzjr nj tjrij y nm qui si cikio mksirvjr. J uo dmstjcm ci djcj drgtirgm i gocgdjcmr. • 3. Jn bgojngzjr nj jdtgvgcjc in ljistrm cikirê cikir ê rijngzjr sus jomtjdgmois smkri jquinnjs mksirvjdgmois lês sghogbgdjtgvjs qui ni pirlgtjo tioir iniliotms sustjodgmsms y mkfitgvms cin cisilpiúm cin jnulom.

 

UJ[J ZYI YTJ[ IN GOTS[YLIOSM • Ujrj licgr in cisilpiúm y jdtgtucis cin jnulom, istê cgrghgcm ispidgjnlioti pjrj in sir y sjkir ajdir • Lçtmcms y Sçdogdjs pjrj su usm

Uuici sir utgngzjcm io nms lçtmcms y tçdogdjs sghugiotis6 Urêdtgdjs ci njkmrjtmrgm, tjnnir m ilprisjs Tglunjdgôo Jpriocgzjfi juxgngjcm dmo njs SGD Jpriocgzjfi sgtujcm Govistghjdgôo Jpriocgzjfi kjsjcm io prmy prmyidtms idtms Tmnudgôo ci prmkniljs Dmobiriodgj Cikjti Cgsdusgôo Jpriocgzjfi dmnjkmrjtgvm

 

½ZYÇ IT= • Is nj bjsi io nj qui si djngbgdj y si cj uo vjnmr dmodnuyioti jn dmofuotm ci nj jddgôo qui si

rijngzj s i djngbgdj y si cj uo vjnmr prmyidtm ci gotirviodgôo, gotir viodgôo, sg • Ciki gosirtjrsi io nms qui si prmdicglgiotms ajkgtujnis ci dmodnuyioti jn dmofuotm ci nj çsti yj aj dmodnugcm, nj histgôo ci prmyidtms. jddgôo qui si rijngzj m qui aj juliotjr nj djpjdgcjc ci dmodnugcm. rijngzjrnm io in buturm.

• Nms risuntjcms cikio prmlmvir djlkgms io nms prmdisms ci histgôo ci nms prmyidtms. • Smcj ivjnujdgôo ciki gotirpritjr y pricidgr nj rijngcjc.

gobmrljdgôo Gostruliotms ci pirtgoioti pirt goioti y mpmrtuoj. mpmrtu oj. • Urmpmrdgmojr gobmrljdgôo

 

DMLUMOIOSIT M D[GSI[GMT CI YOJ IRJNYJDGÔO • Nj ibgdgiodgj6 si ribgiri jn joêngsgs ci nms risuntjcms io rinjdgôo dmo in isbuirzm rijngzjcm. • Nj ibgdjdgj6 Io quç licgcj in mkfitgvm ispidìbgdm aj sgcm jndjozjcm. • In glpjdtm6 Djlkgms y ibidtms pmsgtgvms y oihjtgvms, privgstms m om privgstms cin prmyidtm. • Nj pirtgoiodgj6 Io quç licgcj si fustgbgdj in prmyidtm io rinjdgôo j njs prgmrgcjcis ci

cisjrrmnnm. • Nj vgjkgngcjc6 io qui licgcj in prmyidtm puici tioir t ioir sihuglgiotm. Dmotiogcm hioirjn Gostruliotms ci Ivjnujdgôo Buiotis ci dmosuntj

 

[IBI[IODGJT KGKNGMH[ÊBGDJT • JOYGIT (:777). Ljoujn Urêdtgdm ci Gostruliotms pjrj nj Histgôo ci Diotrms ci Icudjdgôo

Dmotgouj. Lçxgdm. (;555). Sgpmnmhìj ci nms jdtms jdjcçlgdms io Icudjdgôo Dmotgouj. • Biroêociz Têodaiz O. (;555). Cmduliotm goçcgtm. Yogvirsgcjc Ojdgmojn Jutôomlj ci Lçxgdm • Nyoda Fjlis (:788). Nj Icudjdgôo Uirljoioti y nj Uripjrjdgôo cin Uirsmojn Cmdioti. Cmdiot i. [igom

Yogcm6 Gostgtutm ci nj YOITDM pjrj pj rj nj icudjdgôo, Ajlkurhm.