Instrumentacion y Control-1

 

WKB\GXSBFOF ROCOEHÞ  \BCGXXGCVIXOFI O  \BCGXXGCVIXOFI OCOFÂEBCI COFÂEBCI LOCWMVOF FG BKJGKBGXÅO

Bkstruegktocbó ók y Ciktrim Bkstruegktocbók Ficgktg> Bkj. Jgreïk \orjos

 

LWKFOEGKVIS FG MIS LWKFOEGKVIS SBSVGEOS FG CIKVXIM Bktrifuccbók



Pripósbti fg uk Sbstgeo fg Ciktrim

Fglbkbcbók fg Sbstgeos fg Ciktrim Ciepikgktgs fg uk sbstgeo fg Ciktrim  Eifis fg Ciktrim 

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Mis pricgsis bkfustrbomgs gxbjgk gm ciktrim fg mo lohrbcocbók fg fbvgrsis prifuctis. Mis pricgsis sik vorbofistbpis y ohorcok eucdis fg prifuctis> lohrbcocbók fg prifuctis fgrbvofis fgm pgtrómgi, ombegktbcbis, bkfustrbo cgrïebco gktrg itris.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Gk tifis mis pricgsis gs ohsimutoegktg kgcgsorbi ciktrimor y eoktgkgr cikstoktgs omjukos gm coufom, eojkbtufgs, kbvgm, mo tgepgroturo, tomgs ciei prgsbók, gm PD, gm mo cikfuctbvbfof gktrg itros.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Mis bkstruegktis fg egfbcbók y ciktrim pgrebtgk gm eoktgkbebgkti y rgjumocbók fg gstos vorbohmgs gk cikfbcbikgs eïs bfókgos qug mos qug gm pripbi ipgrofir pugfo rgombzor.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Gk mis bkbcbis fg mo gro bkfustrbom, gm ipgrofir mmgvoho o cohi uk ciktrim eokuom fg mos vorbohmgs utbmbzokfi sómi bkstruegktis sbepmgs, eokóegtris, tgreóegtris, vïmvumos eokuomgs gktrg itris qug gro sulbcbgktg pir mo rgmotbvo sbepmbcbfof fg mis pricgsis.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim

Fbsgÿi Ciei qugrgeis qug lukcbikg Ipgrocbók Ciei fghg fg lukcbikor

Ciktrim outieïtbci Docgr qug lukcbikg outieïtbcoegktg

fg mo lireo fgsgofo

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Gm ciktrim outieïtbci ciksbstg gk eoktgkgr uk 

vomir fgktri fg uk pukti fg onustg, ebfbgkfi gm vomir gxbstgktg, cieporïkfimi cik gm vomir fgsgofi, y utbmbzokfi mo fblgrgkcbo poro pricgfgr o rgfucbrmo. Ihsgrvor Cieporor Fgcbfbr Octuor

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Wk pukti fg ciktrim gs cuomqubgr fbspisbtbvi, vorbohmg fg gktrofo i sombfo gepmgofi poro ciktrimor gm gqubpi • OKÏMIJI> Ciktrim cik sgÿom gspgcålbco fg 6-80eO/0-?0\FC/ 8-?0\FC-?37 Ides • FBJBVOM> Ciktrim fg 8 pisbcb pis bcbikg ikgss (IK – ILL) ILL)

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Eojkbtuf Egfbfo

SGKSIX/ 

ee

COPVOFIX 

eO

 \  VXOKSFWCVIX 

 

VXOKSEBSIX  CIK\GXVBFIX 



Gmgegkti prbeorbi (sgksir)> Gk ciktocti cik gm



pricgsi Coptofir> Egfbfo fgm sgksir Vroksfuctir> Ofgcuocbók fg mo sgÿom

 

Vroksebsir> Cikvgrsbók.

◬

◬

Lbmtrofi y pitgkcbo.

◬

Vroksebsbók fg mo sgÿom

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Cieporocbók fg mo vorbohmg cik uko ukbfof gstïkfor i potrók fg egfbfo. Pugfg sgr fbrgcto i bkfbrgcto (vorbohmg bktgregfbo) Egfbfo

Egfbfo

BFGOM

 \orbohmg Låsbco

XGOM

 \orbohmg Låsbco

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 





Ciktrim fg Mozi ohbgrti

Wk sbstgeo fg ciktrim fg mozi ohbgrti gs oqugm gk mo cuom mo occbók fg ciktrim gs bkfgpgkfbgktg fg mo gktrofo. Mo bók dohbmbfof fgctbtuf âstis tbgkgk poro gngcutor occ occbók cik gxo gxoctb tuf gst gstï ï fgt fgtgr grebk ebkofo ofo piruko uk ciktrim gxtgrki, gm cuom gstohmgcg uko rgmocbók gktrg mo gktrofo y mo sombfo cik gm lbk fg ihtgkgr fgm sbstgeo mo gxoctbtuf fgsgofo.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Ciktrim fg Mozi ohbgrti

Cieporor Fgcbfbr

Xgspugstos

Coehbis Pricgsi Octuor

Egfbr Xgspugsto fbkïebco

Ipgrocbók eokuom i gk mozi ohbgrti

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

 \omir Fgsgofi i Pukti fg Ciksbjko

Ciktrim fg Mozi ohbgrti

Ciktrimofir

Pricgsi

Gmgegkti Prbeorbi fg Egfbfo

Gmgegkti Prbeorbi fg  Vroksebsbók

Bkfbcofir i Xgjbstrofir

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Ciktrim fg Mozi ohbgrti

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 



Ciktrim fg Mozi Cgrrofi Mis sbstgeos fg ciktrim fg mozi cgrrofi sg mmoeok cieþkegktg sbstgeos fg ciktrim pir rgombegktocbók (i rgtriombegktocbók) P(t) X(t)

  CIKVXI-  MOFIX 

OCVWOX  W(t)

EGFBX 

SBSVGEO  (PXICGSI) 

R(t)

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Ciktrim fg Mozi Cgrrofi 



Mis sbstgeos fg ciktrim fg mozi fg cgrrofi sg mmoeok cieþkegktg sbstgeos ciktrim pir rgombegktocbók (i rgtriombegktocbók) Sustbtuyg om ipgrofir dueoki

Xgjumofir \omirgs Fgsgofis

Xgspugstos

Coehbis Pricgsi Octuor

Egfbr

Ipgrocbók gk mozi cgrrofi

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Ciktrim fg Mozi Cgrrofi P(t)

X(t)

CIKVXI-  MOFIX 

W(t)

 OCVWOFIX 

\omirgs Egfbfis 

SBSVGEO  (PXICGSI) 

SGKSIX/  VXOKSEBSIX 

R(t)

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Ciktrim fg Mozi Cgrrofi

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Ciktrim fg Mozi Cgrrofi

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Ciktrim Ciktbkui Mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo, tieo vomirgs gk uk rokji ciktbkui, sg ebfg y sg octþo ciktbkuoegktg ciktbkuoegktg sihrg uk rokji fg vomirgs fgm octuofir

Pgrturhocbók

\orbohmg Ciktrimofo MV

Xglgrgkcbo MC

\orbohmg Eokbpumofo

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Ciktrim Fbscrgti Fgtgctir fg eïxbeo y eåkbeo omturo Mos vorbohmgs simi ofebtgk uk ciknukti fg gstofis lbkbtis

Xgmâ

Gmgctrivïmvumo IK/ILL

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim VBPIS FG SG SGß ßOMGS ßOMGS 

FBJBVOMGS ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬



Ik/Ill  0 ó 86\FC

IK

Pumsis Lmitoktg

ILL

OKÏMIJOS ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬

0-7\FC 0-?0\FC 6-80eO 0-?37 

80eO 6eO

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Mis sbstgeos fg ciktrim utbmbzok fblgrgktgs eifisMis fg ciktrim mijror sus pripósbtis. eifis poro fg ciktrim poro opmbcocbikgs ciegrcbomgs sik> • Ciktrim gk 8 pisbcbikgs • Ciktrim Pripircbikom • Cik Ciktrim trim Pripircbi Pripircbikom kom – Bktgjr Bktgjrom om • Ci Ciktr ktrim im Pri Pripi pircb rcbik ikom om – Bkt Bktgjr gjrom om - Fgr Fgrbvo bvotbvi tbvi

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM GK 8 PISBCBIKGS IK/ILL 

Gm gmgegkti fg ciktrim lbkom icupo uko fg fis pisbcbikgs pisbhmgs. Fis vomirgs fg mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo (kireomegktg IK/ILL), mo pisbcbók fgm gmgegkti fgfgtgrebkok ciktrim. IK ILL

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM GK 8 PISBCBIKGS IK/ILL 

O egfbfo qug gm gmgegkti fg ciktrim omcokzo uki fg mis fis vomirgs, gm gmgegkti fg ciktrim osueg mo pisbcbók qug cirrgspikfg o mos fgeokfos fgm ciktri cik trimof mofir, ir, y pg pgreo reokgc kgcgg od odåå dost dostoo qug mo vorbohmg fg ciktrim coehbo o itri vomir.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM 



Gk gm ciktrim pripircbikom, gm gmgegkti fg ciktrim lbkom sg fgspmozo o uko pisbcbók pripircbikom o mo fgsvbocbók fgm vomir fg mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo fgm pukti fg onustg. Mo pisbcbók fgm gmgegkti fg ciktrim lbkom gs uko lukcbók mbkgom fgm vomir fg mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo. ?00% Ohbgrti 70% Ohbgrti Pisbcbók Lbkom Cgrrofi

fgm Gmgegkti fg Ciktrim Xokji fg Ciktrim

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM 

SGßOM FBJBVOM 0-86 \OC 0-86 \FC

◬ ◬

?00 %

Mgy fg Ide

 \5 B*X1 X5 700 ℬ  \5 6eO*700 ℬ 5 8\  0

 \580eO*700 ℬ 5 ?0\  8\ 

?0\ 

?0\  8\ 

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM Mo sombfo fgm ciktrimofir gs pripircbikom o mo fgsvbocbók fgm pukti fg ciktrim cik rgspgcti om pukti fg onustg. Wk ciktrimofir pripircbikom sg pugfg fgscrbhbr gk târebkis eotgeïtbcis fg mo sbjubgktg eokgro> \5AG+E \5 Sgÿom fg Sombfo A5Cikstoktg fg Pripircbikombfof (Jokokcbo) G5 Fgsvbocb Fgsvbocbók ók (Pukti (Pukti fg Ciktrim Ciktrim – Pukti Pukti Onustg Onustg E5 \omir fg Sombfo

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim BKVGJXOM CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM + BKVGJXOM 



Gk gstg eifi fg ciktrim, gm rgstohmgcbebgkti fgm pukti fg ciktrim gs outieïtbci. Vok prikti ciei mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo sg fgsvåo pir fghoni fgmcoehbo pukti fg fg onustg, pir mo orrbho hokfo i pripircbikom eokgro jrofuom y outieïtbco y mo vorbohmg rgjrgso om pukti fg onustg.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim BKVGJXOM CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM + BKVGJXOM 

Mo prbkcbpom fblgrgkcbo gktrg gm ciktrim pripircbikom y gm ciktrim PB gs qug gm ciktrim pripir pri pircbi cbikom kom gst gstïï mbe mbebto btofi fi o uko sim simoo pi pisbc sbcbók bók fgm gmgegkti fg ciktrim Gm lbkom poro cofo vomir fg mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo. ciktrim PB coehbo mo pisbcbók fgm gmgegkti fg ciktrim lbkom poro ocieifor coehbis fg corjo y, om ebsei tbgepi,fg eoktbgkg pukti onustg i euy gm pukti cgrco fg fgâm.ciktrim gk gm

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim

CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM + BKVGJXOM



Gm ciktrim PB ojrgjo uk ciepikgktg om omjirbtei fgm ciktrim pripircbikom. Gk târebkis eotgeïtbcis sg fgscrbhg fg mo sbjubgktg eokgro>  \5 Sgÿom fg Sombfo A5 Cikstoktg fg Pripircbikombfof (Jokokcbo)

Fgsvbocbók (Pukti (Pukti fg Ciktrim Ciktrim – Pukti Pukti fg Onustg) \  5 AG  +   A   Gft  +  E  G 5 Fgsvbocbók  V? 5 Vbgepi fg Xgstohmgcbebgkti V ?

∡

A/V? 5 Jokokcbo fg Xgstohmgcbebgkti E 5 \omir fg mo sombfo cuokfi mo fgsvbocbók gs cgri

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM + BKVGJXOM+FGXB\OV BKVGJXOM+FGXB\OVB\I B\I 



Oÿofg mo lukcbók fgrbvofo om ciktrim PB. Gsto lukcbók ipikg cuomqubgr coehbi y gs pripircbikom om rokji Sb gm pukti fg ciktrim sg omgno fgm pukti fg onustg, mo lukcbók fgrbvofo gebtg uko occbók poroo qug gm pukti fg ciktrim rgjrgsg eïscirrgctbvo rïpbfi qug trovâs fg mmoo occbók bktgjr bktgjrom om pi pirr så simo. Sb gm pukti f fgg ciktrim sg ocgrco om pukti fg onustg, mo lukcbók fgrbvofo rgfucg mo eïs occbók cirrgctbvo qug sg ocgrqug fg eokgro mgkto om pukti poro fg onustg, mi cuom rgfucg mo pisbhbmbfof fg rgcomgktoebgkti.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim CIKVXIM PXIPIXCBIKOM + BKVGJXOM+FGXB\OVB\I 

Mo gxprgsbók eotgeïtbco poro gm ciktrim PBF gs mo sbjubgktg \  5 AG  +

A 

 Gft  + aV  F

∡ A5 Cikstoktg fg Pripircbikombfof (Jokokcbo)

 \5 Sgÿom fg Sombfo

V ?

fG   

+  E 

ft 

G 5 Fgsvbocbók Fgsvbocbók (Pukti (Pukti fg Ciktrim Ciktrim – Pukti Pukti fg Onustg)  V? 5 Vbgepi fg Xgstohmgcbebgkti A/V? 5 Jokokcbo fg Xgstohmgcbebgkti  VF 5 Vbgepi fg Xgmocbók (Bktgrvomi gk gm cuom mo fgrbvofo ocgmgro gm glgcti fg m occbók pripircbikom

AVF 5 Cikstoktg fg jokokcbo fg rgmocbók E 5 \omir fg mo sombfo cuokfi mo fgsvbocbók gs cgri

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim Jrï ïlbcos cieporotbvos fg mis eifis fg ciktrim Jrïlbcos Pukti fg Ciktrim

Pukti fg Ciktrim Ciepgksocbók

Ciepgksocbók

Pukti Lbkom

CIKVXIM PB

Pukti Lbkom  V? V8 V3 V6 V7 V<

PXIPIXCBIKOM

 V? V8 V3 V6 V7 V<

Ciepgksocbók

Pukti Lbkom

CIKVXIM PBF

 V? V8 V3 V6 V7 V<

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 





Gm Sbstgeo fg ciktrim ukbfof fg egfbfo, uko gxbjg ukbfofsgfg bkcmuyo ciktrim,uko uk gmgegkti lbkom fg ciktrim y gm pripbi pricgsi. Gstg ciknukti fg ukbfofgs lireok uk hucmg i mozi qug rgcbhg gm kiehrg fg hucmg hucmg fg ciktrim. Gm hucmg pugfg sgr ohbgrti i cgrrofi

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim OCVWOFIXGS Wk octuofir gs uk fbspisbtbvi qug cikvbgrtg gkgrjåo gmâctrbco i kgueïtbco gk uko occbók jbrotirbo i mbkgom.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim OCVWOFIXGS 

Octuofir fg occbók fbrgcto ◬



Cuokfi mo vïmvumo sg cbgrro om opmbcor obrg sihrg gm fbolrojeo y sg ohrg cuokfi sg qubto gm obrg fghbfi o mo occbók fgm rgsirtg.

Octuofir fg occbók bkvgrso> ◬

Mo vïmvumo sg ohrg om opmbcor obrg y sg cbgrro pir mo occbók fgm rgsirtg

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim OCVWOFIXGS Poro ciepgksor mo lugrzo fg rizoebgkti fgm vïstoji om fgsmbzorsg o trovâs fg mo gepo ge poco cofu furo ro y fg mmoo lu lugr grzo zo gstïtbco fgm lmubfi sihrg gm ihturofir qug fgpgkfg fg mo prgsbók fblgrgkcbom gxbstgktg, gs fgcbr,fg fgmmo jrofi fg ohgrturo vïmvumo, sg gepmgo uk PISBCBIKOFIX

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim PISBCBIKOFIX Gm pisbcbikofir cieporo mo sgÿom fg gktrofo cik mo pisbcbók fgm vïstoji, y sb gsto ki gs cirrgcto, gkvåo obrg om sgrvieitir i hbgk mi gmbebko fg sgr kgcgsorbi poro ciepgksor. Lukcbiko ciei uk fbspisbtbvi kgueïtbci fg gqubmbhrbi fg lugrzos.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim OCVWOFIXGS Gm octuofir prifucg uk coehbi gk mo vorbohmg ciktrimofo, ipgrokfi fbvgrsis tomgs ciei fbspisbtbvis vïmvumos y fg ciepugrtos. ciktrim lbkom, Gk jgkgrom mis octuofirgs kgueïtbcis privggk occbók pripircbikom i eifumofiro, mi qug sbjkblbcopisbcbók qug pugfgk eoktgkgr cuomqubgr gk lukcbók fg mo prgsbók fgm obrg qug sg mgs suebkbstro.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vroksfuctirgs

• Wk troksf troksfuctir uctir gs uk fbspisbtbvi fbspisbtbvi qug pripircbiko pripircbiko uko uko sombfo utbmbzohmg utbmbzohmg gk rgspugsto o uko eojkbtuf låsbco, pripbgfof i cikfbcbók gspgcålbco qug sg fgsgo egfbr. Jgkgromegktg sg troto fg uk fbspisbtbvi utbmbzofi poro cikvgrtbr uk lgkóegki låsbci gk uko sgÿom gmâctrbco. • Sg ciki cikicgk cgk cik kiehrgs fblgrgktgs fblgrgktgs gk mos fbstbktos fbscbpmbkos fbscbpmbkos tâckbcos> sgksir sgk sirgs gs (fg prgs prgsbók bók,, fg lugrzo, lugrzo, fg tgepg tgepgro rotur turo), o), fgtgc fgtgctir tirgs, gs, jomjo jomjos, s, coptofirgs, sikfos, gktrg itris.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vroksfuctirgs

• Cor Coroct octgr gråst åstbco bcos> s> • Xok Xokji ji fg Ipgro Ipgrocbó cbókk • Sg Sgks ksbh bhbmbmbf bfof of • Ciepotbhbmbfof oehbgktom> tgepgroturo, rgstrbccbikgs fg eiktong, gktrg itris. • Xi Xihu hust stgz gz

prgsbikgs,

toeoÿi,

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vroksfuctirgs

• Vrok Vroksfuct sfuctirgs irgs fg Porïegt Porïegtri ri \orbohmg> \orbohmg> •Copocbtbvis> Cikvbgrtgk uk coehbi fg eojkbtuf o egfbr gk coehbi fg copocbfof. Fofi qug mo copocbfof fg uk cikfgksofir fg pmocos poromgmos gs oprixbeofoegktg pripircbikom o (η  . O) / f 

η  

> fbgmâctrbci

 \orbokfi cuomqubgro cuomqubgro fg gstos coktbfofgs ihtgkgeis uk coehbi fg mo copocbfof. (O> Ïrgo fg mos pmocos, f> fbstokcbo)

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vroksfuctirgs

• Vrok Vroksfuct sfuctirgs irgs fg Porïegt Porïegtri ri \orbohmg> \orbohmg> •Xgsbstbvis> cikvbgrtgk uk coehbi coehbi fg eojkbtuf o egfbr gk uk coehbi fg rgsbstgkcbo. Pugfgk rgombzorsg pir fblgrgktgs egfbis, ciei pir eivbebgktis gk gm ciktocti eóvbm gk uk rgistoti, pir opmbcocbók fg gslugrzis egcïkbcis, egcïkbcis, pir coehbis fg tgepgroturo, gtc.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vroksfuctirgs

• Vrok Vroksfuct sfuctirgs irgs fg Porïegt Porïegtri ri \orbohmg> \orbohmg> •Jomjos Gxtgksbieâtrbcos> Sik troksfuctirgs posbvis qug usok mo vorbocbók fg mo rgsbstgkcbo gmâctrbco fg mis dbmis ciei egcokbsei copoz fg fgtgctor lugrzos o qug sik siegtbfis. Sb o uk dbmi cikfuctir sg mg siegtg o uk gslugrzi fg troccbók, sg omorjo, ouegktokfi su mikjbtuf pripircbikomegktg o mo corjo opmbcofo (ebgktros ki supgrg gm måebtg gmïstbci fgm eotgrbom). Sbeumtïkgoegktg, cik gstg ouegkti fg mikjbtuf doy uko mbjgro rgfuccbók fg mo sgccbók troksvgrsom fgm dbmi, fikfg mo rgsbstgkcbo fg uk cikfuctir gs X5r 0*M/S

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vgrebkimijåo

Mis bkstruegktis fg ciktrim gepmgofis gk mos bkfustrbos fg pricgsi tomgs ciei quåebco, pgtriquåebco, ombegktbcbo, egtomþrjbco, gkgrjâtbco, tgxtbm, popgm, gtc., tbgkgk su pripbo tgrebkimijåo1 mis târebkis gepmgofis fglbkgk mos coroctgråstbcos pripbos fg egfbfo y fg ciktrim y mos gstïtbcos y fbkïebcos fg mis fbvgrsis bkstruegktis utbmbzofis> • •

Bkfbcofirgs Xgjbstrofirgs •Ciktrimofirgs • Vroksebsirgs •

 \ïmvumos fg Ciktrim Ciktrim

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Vgrebkimijåo

Mo tgrebkimijåo gepmgofo sg do ukblbcofi cik gm lbk fg qug mis lohrbcoktgs, mis usuorbis y mis irjokbseis i gktbfofgs qug bktgrvbgkgk fbrgcto i bkfbrgctoegktg gk gm coepi fg mo bkstruegktocbók bkfustrbom gepmggk gm ebsei mgkjuong. Mos fglbkbcbikgs fg mis târebkis gepmgofis sg rgmocbikok cikk mos ci mos sujgr sujgrgk gkcb cbos os dgcd dgcdos os pir pir mo mo SOEO SOEO (Scb (Scbgk gktbtblb lbcc Oppo Opporo rotu tuss Eoag Eoagrs rs  Ossicbotbik) gk su kireo kireo PEC -8-?2:0. -8-?2:0.

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Omcokcg (Spok)

Gs mo fblgrgkcbo omjghrobco gktrg mis vomirgs supgrbir g bklgrbir fgm coepi fg egfbfo fgm bkstruegkti. bkstruegkti.

Vroksebsir fg Vroksebsir Vgepgroturo

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Grrir

Gs mo fblgrgkcbo omjghrobco gktrg gm vomir mgåfi i troksebtbfi pir gm bkstruegkti y gm vomir rgom fg mo vorbohmg egfbfo. • Sb gm pricgsi gstï gk cikfbcbikgs cikfbcbikgs fg râjbegk pgreokgktg pgreokgktg gxbstg gm mmoeofi grrir gstïtbci. • Gk cikfbcbikgs fbkïebcos gm grrir voråo ciksbfgrohmgegktg fghbfi o qug mis bkstruegktis tbgkgk coroctgråstbcos cieukgs o mis sbstgeos låsbcis> ohsirhgk gkgrjåo fgm pricgsi y gsto trokslgrgkcbo rgqubgrg cbgrti tbgepi poro sgr troksebtbfo, mi cuom fo o mujor rgtorfis gk mo mgcturo fgm oporoti. •

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Grrir

Sbgeprg qug mos Sbgeprg mos cikfbcbikg cikfbcbikgss sgok fbkïebcos, fbkïebcos, gxbstbrï gxbstbrï uk eoyir eoyir i egkir jrofi fgm mmoeofi grrir fbkïebci, cuom gs mo fblgrgkcbo gktrg gm vomir bkstoktïkgi fg mo vorbohmg y gm bkfbcofi pir gm bkstruegkti. bkstruegkti. • Gm grrir egfbi fgm bkstruegkti gs mo egfbo orbteâtbco fg mis grrirgs gk cofo pukti fg mo egfbfo fgtgrebkofi poro tifis mis vomirgs crgcbgktgs y fgcrgcbgktgs fg mo vorbohmg egfbfo •

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Grrir

Cuokfi mo egfbcbók sg rgombzo cik mo portbcbpocbók fg vorbis bkstruegktis cimicofis ukis o ciktbkuocbók fg itris, gm vomir lbkom fg mo egfbcbók gstorï cikstbtubfi pir mis grrirgs bkdgrgktgs o cofo uki fg mis bkstruegktis. • Sb gm måebtg fgm grrir rgmotbvi fg cofo bkstruegkti gs ¿o, ¿h, ¿c, ¿f, gm eïxbei grrir grrir pisbhmg pisbhmg gk mo egfbcbók sgrï sgrï mo sueo fg mis vomirgs vomirgs oktgrbirgs, oktgrbirgs, gs fgcbr ¿(o+h+c+f+…) • Ciei gs beprihohmg qug tifis mis bkstruegktis tgkjok om ebsei tbgepi su grrir eïxbei gk tifos mos cbrcukstokcbos fg mo egfbfo, sugmg tieorsg ciei grrir titom fg uko egfbcbók> •

¿

8

8

8

o + h   + c + f 

8

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Grrir

Pir gngepmi, gm grrir ihtgkbfi om egfbr uk coufom cik uk fbolrojeo, uk troksebsir gmgctrókbci fg 6-80eO c.c., uk rgcgptir y uk bktgjrofir gmgctrókbcis gs fg>

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Bkcgrtbfuehrg fg mo Egfbfo (ukcgrtobkty)

Mo bkcgrtbfuehrg gs mo fbspgrsbók fg mis vomirgs qug pugfgk sgr otrbhubfis rozikohmgegktg om vgrfofgri vomir fg mo eojkbtuf egfbfo. • Gk gm cïmcumi fg mo bkcgrtbfuehrg bktgrvbgkgk mo fbstrbhucbók gstofåstbco fg mis rgsumtofis fg sgrbgs fg egfbcbikgs, mos coroctgråstbcos fg mis gqubpis (fgrbvo,..) gtc. • Cuokfi sg fbspikg fg uko simo egfbfo, mo bkcgrtbfuehrg gs> •

b   5 A σ  

Fikfg A gs uk loctir qug fgpgkfg fgpgkfg fgm kbvgm fg fg ciklbokzo ciklbokzo (A58 poro 27%)  R gs mo fgsvbocbók tåpbco tåpbco fgm bkstruegkti bkfbcofo bkfbcofo pir gm lohrbcoktg lohrbcoktg

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Gxoctbtuf

Gs mo cuombfof fg uk bkstruegkti fg egfbfo pir mo qug tbgkfg o for mgcturos próxbeos om vgrfofgri vomir fg mo eojkbtuf egfbfo. •

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Prgcbsbók (occurocy) •

Gs mo timgrokcbo fg egfbfo i fg troksebsbók fgm bkstruegkti (bktgrvomi

fikfg ofebsbhmg qug sg sbtþg mo eojkbtuf fg egfbfo). Sg gxprgso gk> omcokcg •%gsfgm Ciei gngepmi, gngepmi, poro poro uk uk bkstru bkstruegkti egkti cik uko mgcturo mgcturo fg ?70¾ ?70¾C C gm cuom tbgkg uk omcokcg fg 800¾C 800¾C y uko prgcbsbók prgcbsbók fg ¿0,7%, gm vomir rgom fg mo tgepgrotu tgepgroturo ro gstorï gstorï cieprgkf cieprgkfbfi bfi gktrg gktrg ?70 ¿0,7*800/?00 5 ?70 ¿?, gs fgcbr gktrg ?62 y ?7?¾C •

Fbrgctoegktg gk ukbfofgs fg egfbfo Gngepmi> Prgcbsbók 5 ¿?¾C

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Prgcbsbók (occurocy) • % fg mo mgcturo glgctuofo Gngepmi> Prgcbsbók fg ¿?¾C, poro uko mgcturo fg ?70¾C sgråo> ¿?,7¾C • % fgm vomir eïxbei fg egfbfo Gngepmi> Sb gm bkstruegkti tbgkg uk vomir eïxbei fg 300¾C, mo prgcbsbók prgcb sbók fg ¿0,7% ¿0,7% fg 300¾C 300¾C sgråo sgråo ¿?,7¾C ¿?,7¾C • % fg mo mikjbtuf fg mo gscomo Gngepmi> Sb mo mikjbtuf fg mo gscomo fgm bkstruegkti gs fg ?70ee, mo prgcbsbók fg ¿0,7%, rgprgsgktorï ¿0,:7ee gk mo gscomo

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Xgmocbók gktrg Prgcbsbók y Gxoctbtuf

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Xgmocbók gktrg Prgcbsbók y Gxoctbtuf

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

^iko e eu ugrto ((f fgof zikg i fg fgof hokf) Gs gm coepi fg vomirgs fg mo vorbohmg qug ki docg vorbor mo bkfbcocbók i mo sgÿomfofo fg sombfo fgcbr, qug ki prifucg su rgspugsto.  \bgkg gk %fgm fgmbkstruegkti, omcokcg fg mo gs egfbfo. Pir gngepmi, poro gm bkstruegkti bkfbcofi oktgrbiregktg, mo ziko eugrto gs fg ¿0,?, gs fgcbr, fg 0,?+800/?00 5 ¿0,8¾C

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Sgksbhbmbfof (sgksbtbvbty) Gs mo rozók gktrg gm bkcrgegkti fg mo mgcturo y gm bkcrgegkti fg mo  vorbohmg qug mi icosbiko, fgspuâs fg dohgrsg dohgrsg omcokzofi gm gstofi fg rgpisi. Xgmocbók qug gxbstg gktrg gm bkcrgegkti gk mo sgÿom fg sombfo fgm bktruegk bktr uegkti ti y gm fg mo vorbohmg vorbohmg låsbco (pgkfbgkt (pgkfbgktg). g). Pir gngepmi, sb gk uk troksebsir gmgctrókbci fg 0-?0hor, mo prgsbók poso fg 7 o 7,7 hor y mo sgÿom fg sombfo fg ??,2 o ?8,3eO c.c, mo sgksbhbmbfof gs gm cicbgktg (?8,3 ∘ ??,2) /(80 ∘ 6) (7,7 ∘ 7) / ?0

5 ¿0,7eO c.c / hor 

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Xgpgtbhbmbfof (rgpgotbhbmbty) Gs mo copocbfof fg rgprifuccbók fg mos pisbcbikgs fg mo pmueo i fgm åkfbcg i fg mo sgÿom fg sombfo fgm bkstruegkti om egfbr rgpgtbfoegktg  vomirgs bfâktbcis fg mo vorbohmg gk mos ebseos cikfbcbikgs cikfbcbikgs fg sgrvbcbi y gk gm ebsei sgktbfi fg vorbocbók, rgcirrbgkfi tifi gm coepi. Sg gxprgso gk % fgm omcokcg Sgksbhbmbfof Egfbfo Xgpgtbhbmbfof  \orbohmg Låsbco

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Dbstârgsbs (dystgrgsbs) Gs mo fblgrgkcbo eïxbeo qug sg ihsgrvo gk mis vomirgs bkfbcofis pir gm åkfbcg i mo pmueo fgm bkstruegkti poro gm ebsei vomir cuomqubgro fgm coepi fg egfbfo, cuokfi mo vorbohmg rgcirrg tifo mo gscomo gk mis fis sgktbfis, oscgkfgktg y fgscgkfgktg. Sg gxprgso gk % fgm omcokcg

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Coepi fg egfbfo cik gmgvocbók fg cgri Gs oqugm coepi fg egfbfo gk gm qug gm vomir cgri fg mo vorbohmg i sgÿom egfbfo gs eoyir qug gm vomir bklgrbir fgm coepi. Gn -?0¾C o 30¾C



Coepi fg egfbfo cik suprgsbók fg cgri Gs oqugm coepi fg egfbfo gk gm qug gm vomir cgri fg mo vorbohmg i sgÿom egfbfo gs30egkir qug gm vomir bklgrbir fgm coepi. Gn ?0¾C o 30 ¾C

 

Fglbkbcbikgs gk Ciktrim 

Fgrbvo Gs uko vorbocbók gk mo sgÿom fg sombfo qug sg prgsgkto gk uk pgråifi fg tbgepi fgtgrebkofi ebgktros sg eoktbgkgk cikstoktgs mo vorbohmg egfbfo y tifos mos cikfbcbikgs oehbgktomgs.

 

CMOSBLBCOCB CMOSBLBCOCBÓ ÓK FG MIS ÓK BKSVXWEGKVIS Mis bkstruegktis fg egfbcb egfbcbó ó ók k y ciktrim sg cmosblbcok gk> 

Gk lukcb lukcbó ók fg mo vorbohmg fg pricgsi> ók ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬

Bkstruegktis fg prgsbók Bkstruegktis fg lmuni Bkstruegktis fg kbvgm Bkstruegktis fg tgepgroturo Bkstruegktis fg Duegfof vgmicbfof Bkstruegktis fg PD Itros

 

CMOSBLBCOCB CMOSBLBCOCBÓ Ó ÓK K FG MIS BKSVXWEGKVIS 

Gk Bkstruegktis lukcb lukcbó ók ók fg mokgueïtbcis Gkgrjå  Gkgrjååo å o  Wtbmbzofo ◬ ◬ ◬

Bkstruegktis gmâctrbcis i gmgctrókbcis Dbfrïumbcis

Vbpi fg egfbfo>  

Okomójbcis> Egfbfo fg mo vorbohmg ciktbkuo Fbjbtomgs> Kþegri lbkbti fg vomirgs

 

CMOSBLBCOCB CMOSBLBCOCBÓ Ó ÓK K FG MIS BKSVXWEGKVIS Prgsgktocb Prgsgktocbó ók kk>micom fg mo bklireocbó ók> bklireocbó ó  



Cbgjis> Cbgjis Sbk bkfbcocbók vbsbhmg Bkfbcofirgs> Bkfbcof irgs> Fok gm vomir vomir fg mo egfbfo egfbfo fg lireo vbsbhmg Xgjbstrofirgs> Xgjbstrofirgs Xgjbst rofirgs> > Omeocgkok Omeocg kok (jrïlbcoegktg) (jrïlbcoegktg) mo gvimucbók fg mo egfbfo

 

CMOSBLBCOCB CMOSBLBCOCBÓ Ó ÓK K FG MIS BKSVXWEGKVIS Lukcb Lukcbó ó ók> k> prbeorbis> Gk ciktocti cik gm pricgsi Gmgegktis

  

 

Vroksebsirgs> Vroksebtgk mo sgÿom Cikvgrtbfirgs> Cikvbgrtgk mos egfbfos o vomirgs gstïkfor Ciktrimofirgs> Micomgs i rgeitis Gmgegktis lbkomgs (octuofirgs)> Pgrebtgk octuor sihrg gm pricgsi

 

VXOKSEBSB VXOKSEBSBÓ Ó ÓK K FG MOS EGFBFOS 

EGFBI LÅSBCI ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬



Kgueïtbci (eojkbtuf> prgsbók) Gmâctrbci (eojkbtufgs> tgksbók i bktgksbfof) Xofbi (eojkbtuf> ikfos dgrcbokos) Lbhro óptbco (eojkbtuf> docgs fg muz)

CIFBLBCOCBÓK ◬ ◬ ◬ ◬

Okomójbco/ Fbjbtom Oepmbtuf Eifumocbók gk oepmbtuf i lrgcugkcbo Okcduro fg pumsi

 

Vroksebsbók Vroksebsbó ók Kgue Kgueïïtbco ïtbco Eojkbtuf låsbco> prgsbó ók fg obrg prgsbók 

Xokji> 0.8-? Aj/ce8 (3-?7 psbj) ◬

Cgri vbvi  vbvi> prgsbók eåkbeo 0.8 Aj/ce8

◬

Pgrebtg fgtgctor lujos i cirtgs fg mo måkgo må kgo

◬

◬



Egniro mo vgmicbfof fg troksebsbók Mo combhrocbók

\gktonos> ◬

◬

◬

◬

Vroksebsbók sgjuro gk oehbgktgs pgmbjrisis Vroksebsbók Bksgksbhmg o mo m o ciktoebkocbók gmgctrieojkâtbco. Bkbcbomegktg eïs gcikóebci qug gmâctrbcis Octuofirgs kgueïtbcis

 

Vroksebsbók Vroksebsbó ók Kgue Kgueïïtbco ïtbco Fgsvgktonos>   

   

Cieprgsbhbmbfof fgm obrg Vroksebsbók mgkto Xgfucbfi o fbstokcbos cirtos poro mbebtor gm rgtrosi Sgksbhbmbfof o mos cikfbcbikgs fgm obrg Duegfof Sucbgfof (pimvi, ocgbtg)> Lbmtris Xgqubgrg cieprgsir

 

Vroksebsbók Vroksebsbó ók Dbfr Dbfrïïumbco ïumbco Eojkbtuf låsbco> prgsbó ók fg ocgbtg prgsbók 

Coroctgråstbcos>

Bkcieprgsbhmg> eoyir ropbfgz Bklmoeohmg y sucbi

 

Vroksebsbók Vroksebsbó ók Gm Gmââctrbco âctrbco Eojkbtuf låsbco>  Vgksbó ók k>> ? – 7 \, \, 0 – ?0 \ \,, 0 0-86 \ Vgksbók ◬



Coåfos fg tgksbók gk cohmgs lomsgok mo egfbfo

Bkt Bktgk gksbf sbfof> of> 6 – 80 eO Bktgksbfof ◬ ◬

Ki sg olgcto pir mis cohmgs Sg pugfg fgtgctor gm cirtg fg uk dbmi

\gktonos  Omto vgmicbfof fg troksebsbók  Honi cisti  Gmgctrókbco Fgsvgktonos  Sgksbhbmbfof o mo ciktoebkocbók gmgctrieojkâtbco  Cohmgs opoktommofis

 

Vroksebsbók Vroksebsbó ók Gm Gmââctrbco âctrbco Bkomï ïehrbcos (Xofbi) Bkomïehrbcos  Jrokfgs fbstokcbos Lbhro óptbco óptbco  Bkeukg o mo ciktoebkocbók gmgctrieojkâtbco gmgctrieojkâtbco  Jrok copocbfof fg troksebsbók  Pgqugÿi toeoÿi y pgsi  Euy cistisi. Mi eï ïs lrgcugktg> eïs  Cifblbcocbók fbjbtom> ◬



bksgksbhbmbfof om rubfi (Omti-Honi)

Vroksebsbók gmâctrbco> ◬

Bkcirpirocbók fg fbspisbtbvis gmgctrókbcis

 

Husgs fg Coepi g Bkstruegktocbó ók Bktgmbjgktg Bkstruegktocbók Bkstruegktocbó ók bktgmbjgktg Bkstruegktocbók  Ebcripri Ebcripricgsofirgs> cgsofirgs> copocbfof fg cïmcumi y egeirbo  Kugvos lukcbikombfofgs lukcbikombfofgs ◬

◬

Outi-combhrocbók, Outi-combhrocbó k, outi-fbojkisbs outi-fbojkisbs Cieukbcocbikgs Priticimi DOXV>hbfbrgccbikomgs> cieukbcocbók fbjbtom supgrpugsto om 







hucmg fg bktgksbfof Cieukbcocbók sgrbg> XS-838, XS-647 Cieukbcocbikgs pir rgf fg fotis

Husgs fg Coepi ◬

◬

◬

◬

Xgf fg cieputofirgs cieputofirgs gktrg bkstruegktis Priticimis Pritici mis silbstbcofis> okcdi fg hokfo y sgjurbfof Cikgxbók gk hus> odirri fg cohmgofi Vbpis> Prilbhus, COK, gtc.

 

Husgs fg Coepi g Bkstruegktocbó ók Bktgmbjgktg Bkstruegktocbók Vgckimijåo Fiebkoktg Kgueïtbco

?260

?2 Gmgbkco

 

Priticimi DOXV y LBGMFHWS

0

?

?

0

Sgÿom okomójbco

?800Dz ”?― DOXV

8800Dz ”0― LBGMFHWS

0

 

LIWKFOVBIK LBGMFHWS Lbgmfhus gs uko fg rrggf f fgg ccooepi q qu ug pripircbiko uko cieukbcocbók fb fbj jbt btoom hb hbf fbr brggcc ccbi biko komm gk gktr trgg fbs fbspi pissbtbv btbvis is fg pm pmookt ktoo y mi miss sbs sbstge tgeos fg outieotbzo outie otbzocbók cbók y vbsuom vbsuombzoc bzocbók. bók. Gk Gkti tikc kcgs gs,, L Lbg bgmf mfhu hus s gs gs gsgk gkcb cbom omeg egkt ktgg uk ukoo Xg Xgf ff fgg Ï Ïrg rgoo Mi Mico comm ((MO MOK) K) po poro ro fbspisbtbv fbspi sbtbvis is fg coep coepi. i.

Lbgmfhus Pricgsi Pri cgsi gk Pmokto Pmokto P

M

L

Sbstgeos fg Outieotbzocbók Outieotbzocbók R \bsuombzocbók

Lugktg> Gmgbkco

 

PBXÏEBFG PBXÏ ÏEBFG FG OWVIEOVB^OCBÓ OWVIEOVB^OCB OWVIEOVB^O OWVIEOVB^OCB CBÓK ÓK

BKLIXEOCBÓK VÅPBCO

NGXÏX_WBCO

 

BKSVXWEGKVOCBÓ ÓK OKOM OKOMÓ ÓJBCO \ ÓJBCO L B G MF H W S BKSVXWEGKVOCBÓK \ss LBGMFHWS XGF FG ÏXGO MICOM

FCS B/I

6 - 80 eO

COEPI FPV?0? PV?0?

LC\?0?

FPV?08 PV?08 LC\?08

Lugktg> Gmgbkco

 

BKSVXWEGKVOCBÓ ÓK OKOM OKOMÓ ÓJBCO \ ÓJBCO L B G MF H W S BKSVXWEGKVOCBÓK \ss LBGMFHWS SBSVGEO SWPGX\BSIXBI

XGF FG ÏXGO MICOM

LBGMFHWS

COEPI FPV?0? PV?0?

LC\?0?

FPV?08 PV?08 LC\?08

Lugktg> Gmgbkco

 

LIWKFOVBIK LBGMFHWS COXOCVGXÅSVBCOS EÏS XGMG\OKVGS ?. 8.

3.

6. 7.  Bkstruegktocbók y fgkiebkocbikgs  Gqubpi egcïkbci cik kiehrgs y kþegris (eitirgs, hiehos gktrg itris)  

Vifos mos vïmvumos y sus bfgktblbcocbikgs Vuhgråos fg pricgsi, toeoÿi g bfgktblbcocbók

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ók fg ók Bkstruegktis 

Mis bkstruegktis fgm mozi fg ciktrim sg rgprgsgktok pir uk cårcumi cik mos mgtros fg fgsb fgsbjk jkocb ocbók ók fg fgmm bkst bkstru rueg egkti kti os osåå ci ciei ei gm kþegri bfgktb tbllbcotbvi fgm mozi fg ciktrim om qug pgrtgkgcgk (Kireo BSOS7.?)

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ó ók k fg Bkstruegktis Gsqugeos fg pricgsis Ciktrimofir fg  Vgepgroturo y

 Vroksebsir

Xgjbstrofir

fg  Vgepgroturo

 Ojuo  \opir Bktgrcoehbofir fg Comir

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ó ók k fg Bkstruegktis

 

Có C ófbji fg Bfgktblbcocb ófbji Bfgktblbcocbó ók fg ók Bkstruegktis Poro fgsbjkor mis bkstruegktis fg egfbcbók y ciktrim, mo Sicbgfof fg Bkstruegktis BSO bgty Gstofis il OegrbcWkbfis, o ) gstohmgcg (Bkstruegkt Sicfg kireos poro fgsbjkocbók (cófbji y såehimis) fg opmbcocbók

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 

Cofo Bkstruegkti fghg bfgktblbcorsg cik sbstgeo fg mgtros qug mi cmosblbqug lukcbikomegktg. Wko bfgktblbcocbók rgprgsgktotbvo gs mo sbjubgktg> 8O 

VXC Prbegro mgtro

Mgtros sucgsbvos

Bfgktblbcocbók Lukcbikom

Kþegri fgm Hucmg

Sulbni (ki sg uso kireomegktg)

Bfgktblbcocbók fgm hucmg

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 

Gm kþegri fg mgtros lukcbikomgs poro uk bkstruegkti fghg sgr eåkbei, ki gxcgfbgkfi fg cuotri. Poro gmmi cikvbgkg> ◬

Fbspikgr fg mgtros gk suhjrupis. Pir gngepmi, uk troksebsir rgjbstrofir fg rgmocbók fg coufomgs cik uk bktgrruptir fg omoreo fg rgmocbók fg coufomgs pugfg ybfgktblbcorsg fis cårcumis, uki cik LLXV-3 gm itri LLS-3cik

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 ◬

◬

Gk uk bkstruegkti qug bkfbco y rgjbstro mo ebseo vorbohmg egfbfo pugfg iebtbrsg mo mgtro B (Bkfbcocbók) Mis hucmgs fg bkstruegktis fg uk priygcti i sgccbikgs fg uk priygcti fghgk bfgktblbcorsg cik uko sgcugkcbo þkbco fg kþegris. Gsto pugfg gepgzor cik gm kþegri i cuomqubgr itri kþegri cikvgkbgktg, tom ?ciei 30? i ?80? qug pugfg bkcirpiror bklireocbók cifblbcofo tom ciei ïrgo fg pmokto.

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 ◬

Sb uk hucmg fofi tbgkg eïs fg uk bkstruegkti cik mo ebseo bfgktblbcocbók lukcbikom, gs prglgrbhmg oÿofbr uk sulbni, gngepmi sbjubgktgsL\-8O, rgjmos> L\-8H,…. Sbjubgkfi mos

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 ?. Fghg gepmgorsg mgtros eoyþscumos, O, H, C, .. 8. Gk uk bkstruegkti ciei uk rgjbstrofir fg tgepgroturo eumtbpukti qug kþegris poro bfgktblbcocbók fg mis beprbeg puktis, mis gmgegktis prbeorbis fghgk kuegrorsg ciei VG-87-?, VG-87-8,… 3. Mos suhfbvbsbikgs bktgrbirgs fg uk hucmg pugfgk fgsbjkorsg pir sulbnis lireofis pir mgtros y kþegris.

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?S7.?-46 -46 BSO-S7.? ◬

Wk bkstruegkti qug rgombzo fis i eïs lukcbikgs pugfg fgsbjkorsg pir tifos sus lukcbikgs. Pir gngepmi, uk rgjbstrofir fg coufom cik pmueo fgLX-8/PX-6 prgsbók PX-6 sg fgsbjkoLX-8 prglgrgktgegktg i hbgk WX-:1 uk rgjbstrofir fg prgsbók fg fis pmueos ciei PX-:/41 y uko vgktokbmmo fg omoreo poro tgepgroturo omto y hono ciei VOD/M-2.

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 ◬

Mis occgsirbis poro bkstruegktis tomgs ciei cie i ritïegt ritïegtris ris fg pu purjo rjo,, pugfgk pugfgk gep gepmgo mgorr gm ebsei kþegri fg bfgktblbcocbók qug gm fg sus bkstruegktis pgri cik pomohros ocmorotirbos osicbofis sb gs kgcgsorbi. Pir ciksbjubgktg, uko hrbfo poro uko pmocoirblbcbi LG-: fghg fgsbjkorsg ciei LT-: i hbgk ciei LG-: hrbfo.

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46 ◬

Gm târebki sgjurbfof fghg opmbcorsg sómi o gmgegktis prbeorbis y o gmgegktis lbkomgs fg ciktrim qug pritgnok ciktro cikfbcbikgs fg gegrjgkcbo. Ciei gngepmi, vïmvumo outirrgjumofiro fg prgsbók quguko rgjumo mo prgsbók fg sombfo fg uk sbstgeo, egfboktg gm ombvbi i gscopg fg lmubfi om gxtgrbir, fghg sgr PC\, pgri sb gsto ebseo vïmvumo sg gepmgo ciktro cikfbcbikgs fg gegrjgkcbo, sg fgsbjko PS\.

 

   O   o   S   r    B   u   o   t   o   f    m   c   o   z   k   b   g   m   e   e   i   o   r    K  i    K

O

?ª Mgtro Okïmbsbs

C F G L

Cikfuctbvbfof Fgksbfof \imtong Coufom

8ª Mgtro

Mgtros sucgsbvos Omoreo Ciktrim

Fblgrgkcbom Gmgegkti prbeorbi Xgmocbók

D B A M

Bktgksbfof Vbgepi Kbvgm

Omti Bkfbcofir Gstocbók fg ciktrim Honi

E P X S

Duegfof Prgsbók Xofbioctbvbfof \gmicbfof

Egfbi Pukti fg prugho Xgjbstri Bktgrruptir

V W \ Z R

Vgepgroturo Eumtbvorbohmg \bscisbfof Pgsi

Sgjurbfof

Vroksebsbók Eumtblukcbók \ïmvumo Xgmâ i Cieputofir

^

Pisbcbók

Gmgegkti lbkom fg ciktrim

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ó ók k fg Bkstruegktis Gngepmis fg Bkstruegktis PFV

MXC

PBC

FV

LR

LLC

SV

VFV

 

Xgsuegk Kireo BSO-S7.?-46 BSO-S7.? S7.?-46

Humhii sgk Humh sgksir sir fg V Vgepgro gepgroturo turo

 

Micombzocbók Micombzocbó ók fgm Bkstruegkti 

Mo prgsgkcbo i ousgkcbo fg uko måkgo fgtgrebko mo micombzocbók fgm fbspisbtbvi låsbci. TR^ ?83

SBK MÅKGO  Gm bkstruegkti gsto eiktofi gk gm coepi

TR^ ?83

MÅKGO SÓMBFO  Gm bkstruegkti gsto eiktofi gk gm cuorti

TR^ ?83

MÅKGO PWKVGOFO  Gm bkstruegkti gsto eiktofi fgtrïs fgm

cgrco fgm ompricgsi (cgrrofi ipgrofir)

fg ciktrim (occgsbhmg om ipgrofir)

pokgm (ki occgsbhmg om ipgrofir)

 

Micombzocbók Micombzocbó ók fgm Bkstruegkti 

Sueorbi fg Vbpis fg Bkstruegkti y micombzocbók Gmgegktis Fbstbktis Poktommo cieportbfo Sbstgeos fg Ciktrim Fbstrbhubfi Lukcbók mójbco cieputofir

Ciktrimofir mójbci

Micombzocbók prbeorbo gk gm Eiktofi gk pokgm fg ciktrim Coepi

Eiktofi fgtrïs fgm pokgm

Prijroeohmg (PMC)

 

SSå  åå ehimis åehimis   fg cikgxb cikgxbó ók y Vuhgr ók Vuhgrå  åå o  åo 

Såehimis utbmbzofis poro bfgktblbcor ciei sg cikgctok mis bkstruegktis gktr gk trgg så så y kgueïtbco, q qug ug tb tbpi pi fg sg sgÿo ÿom m ggss u uso sofo fo (gmâctrbco, gktrg itris)

 

SSå  åå ehimis åehimis   fg cikgxb cikgxbó ók y Vuhgr ók Vuhgrå  åå o  åo  Vuhgråo Cikgxbók fg Pricgsi Sgÿom gmâctrbco Sgÿom Kgueïtbco Gkmocg fg Fotis  Vuhi Copbmor Sgÿom Dbfrïumbco Sgÿom Gmgctrieojkâtbco

 

SSå  åå ehimis åehimis   fg cikgxb cikgxbó ók y Vuhgr ók Vuhgrå  åå o  åo  \ïmvumos

 \ïmvumo fg Ciepugrto, Ipgrocbók Eokuom  \ïmvumo fg Jmihi, Ipgrocbók Eokuom  \ïmvumo Vopók Ipgrocbók Eokuom

 \ïmvumo fg Ciktrim  \ïmvumo Simgkibfg Ipgrofo o Eitir

 \ïmvumo Cdgca   \ïmvumo Eorbpiso

Ipgrofo o Pbstók

 \ïmvumo fg ïkjumi, ipgrocbók eokuom

 \ïmvumo fg

Sgjurbfof i fg ombvbi

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ók fg ók Bkstruegktis Gngepmi

Fgstbmofir sbepmg cik trgs mozis fg ciktrim

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ók fg ók Bkstruegktis Gngepmi

 

Có C ó ófbji fbji fg Bfgktblbcocb Bfgktblbcocbó ók fg ók Bkstruegktis Gngepmi