Instrument landing system

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is an instrument presented, pilot interpreted, precision approach aid. The system provides the pilot with instrument indications which, when utilised in conjunction with the normal flight instruments, enables the aircraft to be manoeuvred along a precise, predetermined, final approach path. The ILS ground facilities

have been categorised

by international

standardisation as follows: FACILITY PERFORMANCE CATEGORY I An ILS which provides a specified quality of guidance information from the coverage limit of the ILS to the point at which the localiser course line intersects the ILS glide path at a height of 200 ft or less above the threshold. Using this category of equipment and provided that appropriate supplementary ground and airborne equipment is installed and operating, operations can be permitted down to a decision height of 200 ft and with a runway visual range (RVR) of the order of 800 metres. FACILITY PERFORMANCE CATEGORY II An ILS which provides a specified quality of guidance information from the coverage limit of the ILS to the point at which the localiser course line intersects the ILS glide path at a height of 50 ft or less above the threshold. Using this category of equipment and provided that appropriate supplementary ground and airborne equipment is installed and rating, operations can be permitted down to a decision height of 100 ft and with a RVR of the order of 400 metres. FACILITY PERFORMANCE CATEGORY III An ILS which, with the aid of ancillary equipment where necessary, provides the specified quality of guidance information from the coverage limit of the facility to and along the surface of the runway. Using this category of equipment and provided that appropriate supplementary ground and airborne equipment is installed and operating, operations can be permitted with no decision height limitation and without reliance on

1

external visual reference. There are three main elements in the complete ILS: •

A localiser radio beam to furnish directional guidance to and along the runway

•

A glide path radio beam to furnish vertical guidance at the correct descent angle to the runway touchdown point

•

Fan markers (outer marker and middle marker). In some cases DME has been Authorised for use when markers are not available or cannot be installed.

A suitable radio navigation aid is provided on most installations to assist in interception of the localiser and holding procedures. At some locations two of these aids are provided. This aid can be either a VOR or a low-powered NDB (Locator).

Fig 1.1 ILS System

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-2 BASIC PRINCIPLE The localiser transmitters radiate field patterns of 90-hertz and 150-hertz modulated energy on opposite sides of the instrument runway centreline to provide a course for guidance in azimuth. The 150-hertz modulation is always on the right looking towards the runway from the outer marker and is known as the ‘blue sector’. The left side is modulated at 90-hertz and is known as the ‘yellow sector’. The course line (on-course) is a locus of points of equal 90-150-hertz modulation. It is aligned along the runway centreline extended in both directions and may be separated at the localiser antenna into a front course and a back course. In order to obtain the quality in the front course of the localiser necessary for CAT I and higher, a back course is not radiated in Australia. Glide path equipment radiates field patterns of 90-and 150-hertz modulated energy to provide a path for approach slope guidance. The field patterns are orientated so that a preponderance of the 150-hertz energy lies below the glide path and a preponderance of the 90-hertz energy is above the glide path. The line of the glide path (on-path), similar to the localiser course line, is a locus of points of equal 90-and 150-hertz modulation and is aligned at the correct approach angle for descent to the runway touchdown point.

3

Fig 2.1 Radiation pattern of ILS

CHAPTER-3 GROUND EQIUPMENTS 3.1 LOCALIZER: The localiser aerial is on the runway extended centreline at the opposite end to the approach end, at a distance which ensures that it lies below the runway take-off obstruction clearance plane. The transmitter building is usually located 100–120 metres to the side of the aerial. The field pattern radiated by the localiser is illustrated in Figure 3.2 with the course line lying along the extended runway centreline. The localiser beam ‘width’, as it is interpreted by the travel of the localiser needle on the aircraft cross pointer indicator from full deflection in the blue sector (150-hertz) to full deflection in the yellow sector (90-hertz) is normally 5° for uncategorised systems and all other systems are adjusted to 210 metres wide at the landing threshold. Total width in terms of degrees will depend on position of aerials and length of runway. The equipment is designed to provide a usable on-course signal at a minimum distance of 25 nautical miles from the runway at a minimum altitude of 2,000 ft above the threshold. Each localiser is identified aurally by a coded designator consisting of three letters, the first of which is the letter ‘I’. The transmitters are usually duplicated, with an automatic changeover facility from primary to secondary equipment in the event of failure or malfunction.

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

Fig 3.1 Range and radiation of localizer

Fig 3.2 Standard ILS

Fig 3.3 Localizer array antennas

5

3.2 GLIDE PATH: The transmitter buildings and glide path aerial are in close proximity and are usually located approximately 225–380 metres from the approach end and 120–210 metres to the side of the runway centreline. The field pattern radiated by the glide path equipment is illustrated in Figure 3.4, with the on path line set at an angle of 2½° to 3° from the touchdown point on the runway. The glide path ‘width’ as it is interpreted by the travel of the glide path needle on the aircraft cross pointer indicator from a full ‘fly-up’ indication to a ‘fly-down’ indication, varies from 1° to 1.5°. There is no sector colour identification associated with the glide path. The transmitters are duplicated, with an automatic changeover facility from primary to secondary equipment in the event of failure or malfunction.

Fig 3.4 Glide path

3.3 MARKER BEACON: The marker beacons used with the ILS are low powered, operate on a frequency of 75 MHz and radiate a fan shaped field pattern. There are usually two marker beacons: Outer Marker: The outer marker is located approximately 3.9 nautical miles from the runway threshold and is aligned across the front beam of the localiser. Its purpose is to provide height, distance and equipment functioning checks to aircraft on final approach. It is

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

modulated at 400-hertz and keyed to transmit dashes continuously at a rate of two per second. 010009000003ec24000000001710000000001610000026060f002220574d46430100 000000000100c8f5000000000200000000200000e8080000e8280000010000006c000000000 0000000000000ae0000002c00000000000000000000001e1800003306000020454d4600000 100e82800000c000000010000000000000000000000000000005605000000030000e201000 00f010000000000000000000000000000665a070055220400460000002c000000200000004 54d462b014001001c000000100000000210c0db01000000600000006000000046000000200 7000014070000454d462b224004000c000000000000001e4009000c0000000000000024400 1000c000000000000003040020010000000040000000000803f214007000c0000000000000 0084000056c060000600600000210c0db01000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1000000474946383961af002d00e6540000000000010101010000020302020003020000020 400030505040000040800050900060c00080f0a08000b08000c09000d0a000e0b0000081000 0a13000a14000b16000c18100c00140f001913001a14001c15001d16001e170000102000112 200122400142800162c00172d00172e00182f001830001b35001b36001c38001d39001e3c00 1f3d001f3e201800211900261d002a20002b20002c21002e23002f2300302400342700382a0 0392b003b2c003c2d003d2e003e2f003f2f0000204000264c002c58003060403000404040004 4880050a00058b0005ab4005cb8005ebc0060c0006ad4006cd80070e00072e40078f0007af40 07cf80080ff0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000021ff0b4e455453434150453 22e30030100000021f90405250054002c00000000af002d000007fe80008283848586878889 8a8b8c8d8e8f909192939495969798999a9b9c9d9e9fa0a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a99953acadaeafb 0b1b2af8f43b6b7b8b9babbbcb98f44c0c1c2c3c4c5c6c394b3cacbccad8bbdd0d1d2b78bc7d6 d7d8c191cddcddb488d3e1e2be88d9e6e7c88edeebde87e3efe387e8f3e88decf7dc85f0fbe185 f4ffe618e11ba84c1fbf83bdfc015c786cd140274580781064000490224f060e127788c6ae18ee fa0962084c214345f79e045164404846761b4516eab04b43c86983481231b910e5ba24121a51 500253104743117635b8292d27499e007d764b62e09101a2ed8cca242480472e1de064ea84fa 4f6ab3274107b55c12650a9425fe42aa0e92f0329f569c840808f2886b8620bd848e02184b883 0226f2b072d58126bc9024242b202102c2882209ab83654368877f0d3c29f0f73735208c9ac2 3840c38e916b3b320cd0092e27af09a73d391a1719f4cd4ad08a11fcb56102ac2faeeed413204 75bdb503b9ed684e7747efc99b1b10424696192104a4f8e4ad00700ce23bc4af20f181c5e6f62 cfd50b789839a2c6342c88377ca93110872710b368221cf41335d54a0b56788778248b18c148 7

5dc07de10180872c12d1008820180e97566986ed489d64c83cc80f8a171d005f6c25f3d0cc18 30082bc80616bc76dc85e87eed9358882ca30488883ae4d56c320360c41c32035bc48a2801c1 2fe386059d535039f20f22943df20f6d9889f8a83f0d7c1205e059850924c2e498f59cb5c3748 76ca6c374877563e388403120e6119000ed8e2252f62ce43d6984d32e3db20c02923dc20c4b5 d9a32d19fca5038b006460678631ae27a388cc38219720a6c9829a5aab197a9c56300cb2a520 303c0a6389332a09269f1e369398208b35f6d82091f1f8e977370c52c02037987ae497a986b9 aa9e7d3283566a42b0e5165c9702409764570ee1c3ae8414e083afdf6928e97a943643955558 d98aea5d17143221b682c938e98e3fa5b5c85045657beb2d1c14c2013590a2aa2eb7ecaea352 b385b45417b46e9657c80cf89e8a64b0ac0e5b4fb1de40241145167061a4d1af786698432139 248cf12e793e1cf2390e1164f2370a23a4f29e3aa9daeac926dfa9323f2cb7dc30c430c79befcc3 41b6233bf2fe72c99213c2394c8cf2e0b24f43acf140d4f35488bbccdd2213ae234788a448d8d 2a5c77edf5d760872df6d864976df6d968a7adf6daa404020021f904050c0054002c050005003 50023000007fe805482833f85868788898a8b88838e848c919293858f829498998d8e9a9d9a9 09ea19397a2a58c54a5291f130982010a131f2aa69e2a15968e0116b3b4942406b8960725bd9 22401c1b801c4c58a2ac083ba262c3f2b2616c88306bccd87b78303268a26038e16dd87298f2 38c22b929e8851f8e12920c8e1ff13f138e2192218e26e86b350885a4138e12e87bd442528b4 70b398d92888ea14388f1080a321809e12085f1f80df21709e02081f1e60daa17e9dea07cf152 6413c46e91bb68f0f47d13146e5cb941e7f4fd7896cbc2b46ad76652d926b4d0b16496963535 f40beaa061530fd952fa4817b7ac8654b172054b5629546033914a4b0914db530d14df26c225 776eb2ba3f2c0502003b0840010824000000180000000210c0db01000000030000000000000 000000000000000001b40000040000000340000000100000002000000000000bf000000bf00 002f430000344203000000000080b3000080b3ffff2e43000080b3000080b3ffff33422100000 008000000620000000c00000001000000150000000c00000004000000150000000c0000000 400000051000000642000000000000000000000ae0000002c0000000000000000000000000 0000000000000af0000002d000000500000002401000074010000f01e0000000000002000cc 00af0000002d00000028000000af0000002d000000010008000000000000000000000000000 00000003f0000000000000000000000ffffff00ff8000000030400040404000e0700000884400 004c260000201000000402000024120000e472000000232e0000202a00582c000060300000 00171e0000141a00b85c000010080000140a0000bc5e0000000b0e0000080a0000010100002 e3d00002c3b00c0600000f47a0000f07800000002020000212c000c06000000151c00b45a00 00b058000000090c00402000003c1e000000202b00002d3c00a0500000002a3800d86c0000d 46a00000004050000182000f87c0000000f1400000c1000000a0d0000192100002f3e000023 2f000024300000080b0000131900001d26000027340000020300002f3f0000161d00002b390 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020200000000000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000000 00000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20000000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000000000000404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40400000000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000 9

00003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303000000000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000 00000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000000003030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030000000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000000000 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000 00404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000004040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202050607080000090a07060b0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000 3030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033e00000000003e030303000000000 00303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000 00000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0e090000000000000 00000090f0b020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030 3030303030300000000000303031f00000000001f0303030000000000030303030303030303 03030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002 02020202020202020202020202020202021213000000000000000000000000001415020202 02020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000 000303033d00000000003d0303030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202 02020202020202120900000000000000000000000000000009150202020202020202020202 02020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033100000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

00310303030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020b1300 000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130b020202020202020202020202020202020000000 30303030303030303030303030303000000000003033c3b00000000003b3c0303000000000 00303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000 00000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e00000000201b02020202020 2021b20000000000f020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030 30303030303000000000003033a0000003b0000003a0303000000000003030303030303030 30303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000 00004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000 20202020202020202020202020202050900000000220202020202020202022300000000090 50202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000 00003033900000010000000390303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000 00404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020 20202020202060000000025020202020202020202020226000000000602020202020202020 2020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033800001e1a1 80000380303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020700000 00029020202020202020202020229000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000 00303030303030303030303030303030000000000030337000031031600003703030000000 00003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020208000000002b0202020202020 2020202022c000000000802020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030 3030303030303000000000003190000002e031000000019030000000000030303030303030 30303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000 00000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 002020202020202020202020202020200000000002f02020202020202020202022f00000000 00020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 0000033500000036030c000000350300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 1 1

00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020200000000000202020202020202020202020200000000000202020202020202 020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000033300001e3403 19180000330300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202000000 00002f02020202020202020202022f000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000 00303030303030303030303030303030000000000033000003103030332000030030000000 00003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020208000000002b0202020202020 2020202022c000000000802020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030 30303030303030000000000032d00002e0303032100002d030000000000030303030303030 30303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000 00000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 00202020202020202020202020202020700000000290202020202020202020202290000000 00702020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000 000002a0000000c0303031f0000002a00000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020206000000002502020202020202020202022600000000060202020202020202 02020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000027000018190303 03280000002700000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202050000 00000022020202020202020202230000000009050202020202020202020202020202020000 00030303030303030303030303030303000000000021000016030303030324000021000000 00000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400 00000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e00000000201b02020202 0202021b20000000000f020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 03030303030303000000000016000010030303030321000016000000000003030303030303 03030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

00000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000 00020202020202020202020202020202020b1300000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130 b0202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000 000001e00000c03030303031f00001e00000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020202021209000000000000000000000000000000091502020202020202020202 02020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000000001819030303 03031a00000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202 12130000000000000000000000000014150202020202020202020202020202020202020000 00030303030303030303030303030303000000000000001603030303030303170000000000 00000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400 00000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020b0e000000000000 00000000090f0b020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 03030303030303000000000000001003030303030303110000000000000003030303030303 03030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000 000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404048a04000026060f000a09574d 4643010000000000010000000000000002000000e808000000000000e82800000404000000 0000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202050607080000090a 07060b02020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303 0303030303000000000000000c030303030303030d00000000000000030303030303030303 03030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000404040404040404 1 3

04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040400000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000 00000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030000000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000 00000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303000000000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000 00000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020200000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000 00000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02000000000000000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000000000000404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000014c000000640000000000000000000000ae0000002c00000000000000000000 00af0000002d0000002900aa0000000000000000000000803f00000000000000000000803f0 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000220000000c0 00000ffffffff460000001c00000010000000454d462b024000000c000000000000000e000000 140000000000000010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000 000c022d00af00030000001e000400000007010400040000000701040017100000410b2000c c002d00af00000000002d00af000000000028000000af0000002d0000000100080000000000 0000000000000000000000003f0000000000000000000000ffffff00ff8000000030400040404 000e0700000884400004c260000201000000402000024120000e472000000232e0000202a0 0582c00006030000000171e0000141a00b85c000010080000140a0000bc5e0000000b0e0000 080a0000010100002e3d00002c3b00c0600000f47a0000f07800000002020000212c000c060 00000151c00b45a0000b058000000090c00402000003c1e000000202b00002d3c00a0500000 002a3800d86c0000d46a00000004050000182000f87c0000000f1400000c1000000a0d00001 92100002f3e0000232f000024300000080b0000131900001d26000027340000020300002f3f 0000161d00002b390000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1 5

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000000000000000030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000 00000000000000000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020200000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000 00000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030300000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000 00000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000003030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000002 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202050607080000090a07060b02020202020202020202020202020202 020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033e0000000000 3e030303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404 0404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020b 0e09000000000000000000090f0b0202020202020202020202020202020202020200000003 030303030303030303030303030300000000000303031f00000000001f03030300000000000 30303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000 00000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020212130000000000000000000 00000001415020202020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030 30303030300000000000303033d00000000003d03030300000000000303030303030303030 30303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000 00404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020 20202020202020202020202020202021209000000000000000000000000000000091502020 20202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000 00303033100000000003103030300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020 202020202020b1300000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130b0202020202020202020202 0202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033c3b0000000000 3b3c0303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404 0404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e000000 00201b020202020202021b20000000000f0202020202020202020202020202020200000003 1 7

0303030303030303030303030303000000000003033a0000003b0000003a03030000000000 03030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000 00000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020509000000002202020202020202 02022300000000090502020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303 03030303030000000000030339000000100000003903030000000000030303030303030303 03030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002 02020202020202020202020202020600000000250202020202020202020202260000000006 02020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000 0003033800001e1a1800003803030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 04040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202 02020202020700000000290202020202020202020202290000000007020202020202020202 02020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303370000310316 00003703030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020208000000 002b02020202020202020202022c0000000008020202020202020202020202020202000000 030303030303030303030303030303000000000003190000002e0310000000190300000000 00030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000 00000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000002f02020202020202 020202022f0000000000020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303 0303030303030000000000033500000036030c000000350300000000000303030303030303 03030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000 00000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000 02020202020202020202020202020200000000000202020202020202020202020200000000 00020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 0000033300001e340319180000330300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020200000000002f02020202020202020202022f000000000002020202020202020 20202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000033000003103030

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

33200003003000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020800000 0002b02020202020202020202022c000000000802020202020202020202020202020200000 00303030303030303030303030303030000000000032d00002e0303032100002d030000000 00003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 00000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020700000000290202020202020 20202020229000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030 303030303030300000000002a0000000c0303031f0000002a00000000000303030303030303 03030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000 00000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000 02020202020202020202020202020206000000002502020202020202020202022600000000 06020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 00002700001819030303280000002700000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 00040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202 02020202020205000000000022020202020202020202230000000009050202020202020202 02020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000021000016030303 03032400002100000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404 04040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e00 000000201b020202020202021b20000000000f020202020202020202020202020202020000 00030303030303030303030303030303000000000016000010030303030321000016000000 00000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400 00000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020b1300000000090f1b1c02 1d1b0f0900000000130b020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 0303030303030300000000001e00000c03030303031f00001e0000000000030303030303030 30303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000 00000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 00202020202020202020202020202020202120900000000000000000000000000000009150 20202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000 000000000181903030303031a0000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303000 1 9

00004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020 20202020202020202021213000000000000000000000000001415020202020202020202020 20202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000000160303030 30303031700000000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020 2020b0e00000000000000000000090f0b02020202020202020202020202020202020202000 00003030303030303030303030303030300000000000000100303030303030311000000000 00000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 00000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020205060708000 0090a07060b020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030 303030303030303000000000000000c030303030303030d000000000000000303030303030 30303030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 00000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000 00000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000 00000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000004040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000 00000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 00000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000000000000303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030000000000000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000 00000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000 00000000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020000000000000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000000000000000000 00404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 2 1

000000000000000010c00000040092900aa000000000000002d00af00000000000400000027 01ffff030000000000 Fig 3.5 Blue Outer Marker

Middle Marker: The middle marker, also a fan marker, is aligned across the front beam of the localiser and is situated approximately 1050 metres from the runway threshold. Its purpose is to indicate the imminence, in low visibility conditions, of visual approach guidance. This marker is modulated at 1300-hertz and keyed to transmit alternate dots and dashes. Some overseas installations utilise a third marker beacon (inner marker) which is modulated at 3000-hertz, identified by a keyed continuous signal of six dots per second and is located 75–450 metres from the runway threshold. 0100090000033426000000001710000000001610000026060f002220574d464301000000000 00100fcec000000000200000000200000780b0000782b0000010000006c0000000000000000 000000ae0000002c00000000000000000000001e1800003306000020454d4600000100782b0 0000c000000010000000000000000000000000000005605000000030000e20100000f010000 000000000000000000000000665a070055220400460000002c00000020000000454d462b014 001001c000000100000000210c0db01000000600000006000000046000000b0090000a40900 00454d462b224004000c000000000000001e4009000c00000000000000244001000c0000000 00000003040020010000000040000000000803f214007000c0000000000000008400005fc080 000f00800000210c0db01000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000047494638 3961af002d00e65900000000000101010100000203020200030200000204000305040300050 40000040800050900080f0806000a08000b08000c09000d0a000e0b00000810000a13000b160 00c18100c00140f001913001a14001c15001d16001e170000112200142800162c00172d00172 e00182f001830001b35001b36001c38001d39001e3c001f3d001f3e201800211900261d00281 e002a20002b20002c21002e23002f2300302400342700382a00392b003b2c003c2d003d2e003 e2f003f2f00002040403000503c00644b00684e00705400745700785a0040404080600084630 0987200a87e00ac8200b08500b88b00bc8e00c09100d09d00e0a900e4ac00ecb200f0b500f4b8 00f8bb00fcbe00ffc00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000021ff0b4e45545343415045322e30030100000021f904050c

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

0059002c00000000af002d000007fe800082838485868788898a8b8c8d8e8f90919293949596 9798999a9b9c9d9e9fa0a1a2a3a4a5a6a7a8a9993eacadaeafb0b1b2af8f58b6b7b8b9babbbcb98 f46c0c1c2c3c4c5c6c394b3cacbccad8bbdd0d1d2b78bc7d6d7d8c191cddcddb488d3e1e2be88 d9e6e7c88edeebde87e3efe387e8f3e88decf7dc85f0fbe185f4ffe618e11ba84c1fbf83bdfc015c7 86cd1c0131e282810146001050f28060e1277a8c92e25eefa0962084c214345f750545014c042 46761b45162ab24b48c86983481a31b910e53a11061a1d1801531047433776bdb8292d27499e 007d761311e05100a2ed8cca2484a04aae29e064ea84fa4f6a33144107b524a1c2470a12fe16aa 0e32f0329f569c841a08f2888b8920bd848e02184b8830226f2b070d20118bc4004216b202102 ce886209ab88654368877f0d3c29f0f733b5128c42c1084029ce816b3b320cd0092e2aaf19a73d 391a1719f4cd4cd03a109cb1810f2c0faeeed414b0475bd4505b9ed684e7747efc99b1b05421f9 67d2044a1f8e4ad00a20ce28bc5af20f181c5e6f62cfd50b789834c2c2b41488177ca9331083a7 20b36062ccf41335d54a0b567887782acb0cc0a85dc071e164008f2c32d3608020480e9756698 6ed489d64c83cc80f8a171d00586c45f5660510502822081616bc76dc85e87eed9358882ca304 88883ae4de6c4204f60d1c4204ebc48a2801c12fe386059d535039f20f22943df20f6d9889f8a8 3f057c4205e059850924c2e498f59cb5c374876ca6c374877563e88850c126261190032d8e225 2f62ce43d6984d32e3db20c02923dc20c4b5d9a32d41fc35058b000461678631ae27a388cc9c2 09720a6c9829a5aab197a9c56490cb2a520493c0a6389332a09269f1e369398208b35f6d82091 f1f8e977500c02c12050987ae497a986b9aa9e7d3283566a16b0e5165c9702409764576271c5a e84407085afdf6928e97a943643955558d98aea5d3f143221b682c938e98e3fa5b5c85045657be b2d441442043590a2aa2eb7ecaea352b385b45417b46e96570813f89e8a64b0ac0e5b4fb1de40 241145167061a4d1af786628452152248cf12e793e1cf2390e1164f2370a23a4f29e3aa9daeac9 26dfa9323f2cb7dc30c430c79befcc341b6233bf2fe72c99213c2394c8cf2e0b24f43acf140d4f35 488bbccdd2213ae234788a448d8d2a5c77edf5d760872df6d864976df6d968a7adf6daa404020 021f904050c0059002c3d000500350023000007fe805982833f85868788898a8b88838e848c9 19293858f829498998d8e9a9d9a909ea19397a2a58c59999659338a30aaa68baa1d8a1aafb089 aa128a0eb6b787aa023b8839aaa8bebf8e0482ac873282ca9cc7868f1282b3871b82d5d1d23f8f d959ba871082e0a0d28f3182c1863a83eadce88e3783cc3fce82f4f1c78f3f09822c0c814be06d9 faf7e18045d301441108682e7f8716af18cc78f1d0204b58048aa5b3f1a836afc9831880647631 e39ed1814b0c32061fdba9d2cf440e18f6d0f2a19bc1533c3b31c19b364d019f1603417835c0a7 241b4a33c483606151864a329caa7a47a4c7554a0875599330b5d78b4f0abcc983f383ce2306d 272cb426f806c9685b9427371c8f70d0752ae92ad84e7cffa60a2cb8afdbc2b82c21365c6c7162 4781000021f90405250059002c3d000500350023000007fe805982835885868788898a8b8883 8e848c919293858f829498998d8e9a9d9a909ea19397a2a58c599996594d8a4aaaa68baa458a4 2afb089aa378a2fb6b787aa08558853aaa8bebf8e0d82ac874c82ca9cc7868f3782b3874382d5d 2 3

1d2588fd959ba873582e0a0d28f4b82c1865483eadce88e5183cc58ce82f4f1c78f581882470c8 1c3e06d9faf7e4004fd306443109082e7f87142f2cc0a962a0804218148aa5b3f27839e606932c 80947631e39551914b0c82061fdba9d2c244321966d322a19bc1533c8b32919b304d119f160b 424835c0a4a42b4a33c485006411804a529caa7a4ae4c7504e18a5599330bfd78b4f0abcc9858 883c22326d272cb426f80631695b942737298fa4d0752ae92ad84e7cffa60a2cb8afdbc2b82c21 365c6c71624781000021f904050c0059002c3d000500350023000007fe805982833f85868788 898a8b88838e848c919293858f829498998d8e9a9d9a909ea19397a2a58c59999659338a30aaa 68baa1d8a1aafb089aa128a0eb6b787aa023b8839aaa8bebf8e0482ac873282ca9cc7868f1282b 3871b82d5d1d23f8fd959ba871082e0a0d28f3182c1863a83eadce88e3783cc3fce82f4f1c78f3f 09822c0c814be06d9faf7e18045d301441108682e7f8716af18cc78f1d0204b58048aa5b3f1a83 6afc9831880647631e39ed1814b0c32061fdba9d2cf440e18f6d0f2a19bc1533c3b31c19b364d0 19f1603417835c0a7241b4a33c483606151864a329caa7a47a4c7554a0875599330b5d78b4f0a bcc983f383ce2306d272cb426f806c9685b9427371c8f70d0752ae92ad84e7cffa60a2cb8afdbc2 b82c21365c6c7162478100003b0000000840010824000000180000000210c0db01000000030 000000000000000000000000000001b40000040000000340000000100000002000000000000 bf000000bf00002f430000344203000000000080b3000080b3ffff2e43000080b3000080b3ffff 33422100000008000000620000000c00000001000000150000000c000000040000001500000 00c0000000400000051000000642000000000000000000000ae0000002c0000000000000000 0000000000000000000000af0000002d000000500000002401000074010000f01e0000000000 002000cc00af0000002d00000028000000af0000002d00000001000800000000000000000000 000000000000003f0000000000000000000000ffffff004020000000c0ff0040404000381c0000 22110000130a0000080400000101000009050000391d0000008bb800007ea800160b0000180 c0000005a7800004e68002e17000004020000050300002f180000002a3800001e28000003040 000b8f40000b2ec00301800003d1f00003c1e0000000608000085b00003020000005470002d1 700002c16000000243000100800000f0800000082ac0000b5f0002814000000a9e000361b000 0351b0000000f1400006080003e1f0000003c500000304000002734000063840000bbf800008 ebc000091c00000212c00004b640000729800009dd00000090c0000befc000057740000ace40 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000 000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000000000000000040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000 000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000000000000303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030000000000000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000 000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020200000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000 000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020200000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000004040404040404040404 2 5

040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000 000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000 000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000002020202020202020 2020202020202020202020202050607080000090a07060b0202020202020202020202020202 0202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033e0000000 0003e0303030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020b 0e09000000000000000000090f0b02020202020202020202020202020202020202000000030 30303030303030303030303030300000000000303031f00000000001f030303000000000003 030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000 000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202121300000000000000000000000 000141502020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303 030300000000000303033d00000000003d03030300000000000303030303030303030303030 303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020 202020202020202020202021209000000000000000000000000000000091502020202020202 020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000030303310 000000000310303030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040 40404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020b 1300000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130b02020202020202020202020202020202000 000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033c3b00000000003b3c0303000000 000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e00000000201b02020202020 2021b20000000000f0202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303 0303030303000000000003033a0000003b0000003a030300000000000303030303030303030 303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020 202020202020202020202020205090000000022020202020202020202230000000009050202 020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000030 339000000100000003903030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202 020600000000250202020202020202020202260000000006020202020202020202020202020 202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033800001e1a180000380303 000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202070000000029020202020 202020202020229000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303 030303030303030300000000000303370000310316000037030300000000000303030303030 303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000 000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 002020202020202020202020202020208000000002b02020202020202020202022c00000000 080202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000 00003190000002e031000000019030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202 0202020200000000002f02020202020202020202022f0000000000020202020202020202020 2020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000033500000036030c0000 003503000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202000000000002020 202020202020202020202000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000003030303 03030303030303030303030000000000033300001e340319180000330300000000000303030 303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000 000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000002f02020202020202020202022f00 2 7

000000000202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030 000000000033000003103030332000030030000000000030303030303030303030303030303 000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202 0202020202020208000000002b02020202020202020202022c0000000008020202020202020 2020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000032d00002e0303 032100002d03000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202070000000 029020202020202020202020229000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000003 030303030303030303030303030300000000002a0000000c0303031f0000002a00000000000 303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000 000000000000002020202020202020202020202020206000000002502020202020202020202 022600000000060202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030 303030000000000270000181903030328000000270000000000030303030303030303030303 030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202 020202020202020202020500000000002202020202020202020223000000000905020202020 202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000021000016 030303030324000021000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020 e00000000201b020202020202021b20000000000f0202020202020202020202020202020200 000003030303030303030303030303030300000000001600001003030303032100001600000 000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 0000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020b1300000000090f1b1c021d 1b0f0900000000d205000026060f009a0b574d4643010000000000010000000000000002000 000780b000000000000782b0000130b02020202020202020202020202020202000000030303 03030303030303030303030300000000001e00000c03030303031f00001e000000000003030 303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020212090000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000915020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030 300000000000000181903030303031a00000000000000000303030303030303030303030303 030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202 020202020202020202020212130000000000000000000000000014150202020202020202020 202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000000016030303 030303031700000000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020 20b0e00000000000000000000090f0b02020202020202020202020202020202020202000000 030303030303030303030303030303000000000000001003030303030303110000000000000 003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000 000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202050607080000090a07 060b02020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030 3030303000000000000000c030303030303030d000000000000000303030303030303030303 030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200 000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030300000000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000 000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303 2 9

030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000 000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200 000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000000000000000000 003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030000000000000000000000000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000014c000000640000000000000000000000ae0000002c0000 000000000000000000af0000002d0000002900aa0000000000000000000000803f0000000000 0000000000803f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000220000000c000000ffffffff460000001c00000010000000454d462b024000000c000000000 000000e000000140000000000000010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b0200 000000050000000c022d00af00030000001e000400000007010400040000000701040017100 000410b2000cc002d00af00000000002d00af000000000028000000af0000002d00000001000 800000000000000000000000000000000003f0000000000000000000000ffffff004020000000 c0ff0040404000381c000022110000130a0000080400000101000009050000391d0000008bb8 00007ea800160b0000180c0000005a7800004e68002e17000004020000050300002f18000000 2a3800001e28000003040000b8f40000b2ec00301800003d1f00003c1e0000000608000085b0 0003020000005470002d1700002c16000000243000100800000f0800000082ac0000b5f00028 14000000a9e000361b0000351b0000000f1400006080003e1f0000003c500000304000002734 000063840000bbf800008ebc000091c00000212c00004b640000729800009dd00000090c0000 befc000057740000ace400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3 1

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020200000000000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000000000 000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000 000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030300000000000000000000000404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000 000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030300000000000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000000 002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202050607080000090a07060b02020202

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000 000000303033e00000000003e03030300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000 000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202 0202020202020202020b0e09000000000000000000090f0b020202020202020202020202020 2020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303031f0000000000 1f0303030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202021213000 000000000000000000000001415020202020202020202020202020202020202000000030303 03030303030303030303030300000000000303033d00000000003d030303000000000003030 303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020212090000000000000000000000000000 000915020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030 300000000000303033100000000003103030300000000000303030303030303030303030303 030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202020202 0202020202020202020b1300000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130b020202020202020 20202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033c3b0000 0000003b3c03030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404040404 04040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020e000 00000201b020202020202021b20000000000f02020202020202020202020202020202000000 030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033a0000003b0000003a0303000000000 003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000 000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202050900000000220202020202020202 022300000000090502020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030 303030300000000000303390000001000000039030300000000000303030303030303030303 030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000000040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002020202 020202020202020202020206000000002502020202020202020202022600000000060202020 202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000030338 3 3

00001e1a1800003803030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020 700000000290202020202020202020202290000000007020202020202020202020202020202 000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033700003103160000370303000 000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 00000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020208000000002b020202020202 02020202022c000000000802020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030 3030303030303000000000003190000002e0310000000190300000000000303030303030303 030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040000000 000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000002 020202020202020202020202020200000000002f02020202020202020202022f00000000000 202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000 033500000036030c00000035030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020 202020000000000020202020202020202020202020000000000020202020202020202020202 0202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000033300001e3403191800003 303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 40404000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000002f020202 02020202020202022f000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030 303030303030303030300000000000330000031030303320000300300000000000303030303 030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000 000002020202020202020202020202020208000000002b02020202020202020202022c00000 000080202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000 000000032d00002e0303032100002d030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000 000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020202020 202020202020700000000290202020202020202020202290000000007020202020202020202 02020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000002a0000000c0303031 f0000002a000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404040404

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202060000000025 020202020202020202020226000000000602020202020202020202020202020200000003030 303030303030303030303030300000000002700001819030303280000002700000000000303 030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000 000000000002020202020202020202020202020205000000000022020202020202020202230 000000009050202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303 030000000000210000160303030303240000210000000000030303030303030303030303030 303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020202020 20202020202020202020e00000000201b020202020202021b20000000000f02020202020202 020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000016000010030 303030321000016000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020b13 00000000090f1b1c021d1b0f0900000000130b0202020202020202020202020202020200000 003030303030303030303030303030300000000001e00000c03030303031f00001e00000000 000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000 000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202021209000000000000000000000 000000000091502020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303 0303030300000000000000181903030303031a0000000000000000030303030303030303030 303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000004 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000202020 202020202020202020202020202021213000000000000000000000000001415020202020202 020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000000001 603030303030303170000000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000004040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202 020202020b0e00000000000000000000090f0b0202020202020202020202020202020202020 200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000000100303030303030311000000 000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040000000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 3 5

000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020205060708000 0090a07060b0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 03030303030303000000000000000c030303030303030d00000000000000030303030303030 303030303030303000000040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000 000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000 002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000004040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040400000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030000000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404000000000000000000000 000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000 000000000004040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 404040404040404040404040404040000000000000000000000000000000000000202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020000000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000000000004040404040 404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404 040400000000000000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000000000000000 000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303000000000000000000000000000000040404040404040404040404040404 040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040400000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000010c00000040092900aa000000000000002d00af0 000000000040000002701ffff030000000000 Fig 3.6 Amber Middle Marker

Inner Marker: The inner marker, when installed, shall be located so as to indicate in low visibility conditions the imminence of arrival at the runway threshold. This is typically the position of an aircraft on the ILS as it reaches Category II minima. Ideally at a distance of approximately 1,000 ft (300 m) from the threshold. The modulation is Morse-style dots at 3 kHz. The cockpit indicator is a white lamp that flashes in unison with the received audio code. 0100090000033224000000001610000000001610000026060f002220574d464301000 3 7

0000000010013620000000002000000002000007807000078270000010000006c0000000000 000000000000ae0000002c00000000000000000000001e1800003306000020454d460000010 0782700000c000000010000000000000000000000000000005605000000030000e20100000f 010000000000000000000000000000665a070055220400460000002c00000020000000454d4 62b014001001c000000100000000210c0db01000000600000006000000046000000b4050000 a8050000454d462b224004000c000000000000001e4009000c00000000000000244001000c0 00000000000003040020010000000040000000000803f214007000c00000000000000084000 0500050000f40400000210c0db0100000000000000000000000000000000000000010000004 74946383961af002d00d5000000000000010101010000020302020003020000020400030505 040000040800050900080f0a08000b08000c09000d0a000e0b00000810000a13000b16000c18 100c00140f001913001a14001c15001d16001e170000112200142800162c00172d00172e0018 2f001830001b35001b36001c38001d39001e3c001f3d001f3e201800211900261d002a20002b 20002c21002e23002f2300302400342700382a00392b003b2c003c2d003d2e003e2f003f2f000 02040403000404040ffffff00000021ff0b4e45545343415045322e30030100000021f904050c0 000002c00000000af002d000006fec09f70482c1a8fc8a472c96c3a9fd0a8744aad5aafd8ac76cb ed7abfe0b0784c2e9bcfe87476c76ebbdff0b8fcfde4d9eff8bc7ecfcf3f7d808182838485868354 738a8b8c6d4b7d909192774b8796979881518d9c9d744893a1a27e4899a6a7884e9eab9e47a3 afa347a8b3a84dacb79c45b0bba145b4bfa64cb8c38ababcc77dbec0cb874bc3251c120942010a 121c26c343a247307b2daebd42cc80cacc4ab726134a0114d9acdbe2451b7b18e19343e43ee6c be8ab20069a1c08014f08372310f630b827291f397ec0fc750211e0490082ad0cca232200471e1 ba0e4e983f84b6223130187b4138162c70911142a0e31f02e97467c440808f186e785fe109d44 0efe18498428124feb860c101147c400221432fe102a0482107a783254358673e8c3a25f8f722a 51e4c31c0f440294e814afab10ad3f12e271f0966bc37161f19e4bd2890391088b1610e1c0f6e6 dd212e8474bc7303b1dd480ef746eec7979304221d16752022a1f0d48d3f680ce1c9c3a710d14 145e6f52af948a76943482c1a41248167aa5311085171072e021e8f214d8e08b6b511cf42522c 4a51e436681e168454b8f3408805e0a9bb1ad54b596ca3e68cc07f370c39e88a9f3978e010206 405f6b687b7b3eeeedae610e58a981371ee766a8c2132f000c31031bc479e70dc11375c499535 029b10b22942db10b6d9879b7a43f0b6c1101efe05974c820c2e488b498b5c3644668a6c36446 7163ec74303d2f160d50f0dd8e1211f22ce42d2880d32e2d710802922d81084b5d89f1d17fc64 037b3f5c606376f1ad269f788c9420931066c981964a6b197998462c0cb1a1102c3c095f79f329 08228fde359294104b35f5d41051f1f7e567330c51c010339879e0876986b8a68e3d3282525a1 4b0e4124c57fe40935417f2a0c39e4414a0839f9f6927e56a543642914518d989e64d1514311d a642c937e57effa4b4c44005657ae71d1a14a1012550a2a92aa7acaea24ea345b45313a42e9656 c40bb89e8960a06c0e5a4ba19e40230d35d660a3cd9f386657431135248bed1e393e1bee29ce1

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

063ee2758ca22a3ee8efaa8d9e6b9e6dea82e2fecb6db2cb4f0c69aebbcf41a612fafefe62b9511f c2293c4bfee0a23f02a8f140c4b25088bbbc9c2e139e130684a448c891a1c77ecf1c720872cf2c8 24976cf2c928a7acf2ca6404010021f904050c0000002c7500050035002300000675408070d82 b1a8fc8a472891c3a89cca8745a7c0aa9d86cd3a9ed6aa1def0f42a2e3301e62a37cd7eb2dbeb77 d92d9fc7eb5e3a3e7fdf67f57e7f7d8163838451808752898a67868d498c90918f934692969795 9998993d9d9c9b96a0a3a293a454689e88aaab4b60ae47a88d56adaeb5b0a74f4100003b00000 00840010824000000180000000210c0db01000000030000000000000000000000000000001b 40000040000000340000000100000002000000000000bf000000bf00002f4300003442030000 00000080b3000080b3ffff2e43000080b3000080b3ffff33422100000008000000620000000c00 000001000000150000000c00000004000000150000000c00000004000000510000006020000 00000000000000000ae0000002c00000000000000000000000000000000000000af0000002d 000000500000002001000070010000f01e0000000000002000cc00af0000002d000000280000 00af0000002d00000001000800000000000000000000000000000000003e000000000000000 0000000ffffff004020000000304000381c000022110000130a00000804000001010000090500 00391d000000232e0000202a00160b0000180c000000171e0000141a002e170000040200000 50300002f180000000b0e0000080a0000010100002e3d00002c3b00301800003d1f00003c1e0 0000002020000212c000302000000151c002d1700002c16000000090c00100800000f080000 00202b00002d3c0028140000002a3800361b0000351b000000040500001820003e1f0000000f 1400000c1000000a0d0000192100002f3e0000232f000024300000080b0000131900001d2600 0027340000020300002f3f0000161d00002b390000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 3 9

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020000000000000000000000000000000303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000 000000000000000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000000000000000000000002020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020200000000000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000 000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000 000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030000000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000002020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000001010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100 000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020204050607000 0080906050a0202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 0303030303030300000000000303033d00000000003d0303030000000000030303030303030 303030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000 000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000 20202020202020202020202020202020202020a0d08000000000000000000080e0a02020202 020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000 00303031e00000000001e030303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202 020202020202111200000000000000000000000000131402020202020202020202020202020 202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033c00000000003c03 030300000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202021108000000000 000000000000000000000081402020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303 030303030303030303030000000000030303300000000000300303030000000000030303030 303030303030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000 00000020202020202020202020202020202020a1200000000080e1a1b021c1a0e0800000000 120a02020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000 000000003033b3a00000000003a3b0303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300 000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202 020202020202020d000000001f1a020202020202021a1f000000000e02020202020202020202 02020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303390000003a000 000390303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202040800000000 210202020202020202022200000000080402020202020202020202020202020200000003030 303030303030303030303030300000000000303380000000f00000038030300000000000303 4 1

030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000 000000000002020202020202020202020202020205000000002402020202020202020202022 500000000050202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303 03000000000003033700001d191700003703030000000000030303030303030303030303030 303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020 202020202020202020600000000280202020202020202020202280000000006020202020202 020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003033600003 003150000360303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202070000 00002a02020202020202020202022b000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000 0030303030303030303030303030303000000000003180000002d030f000000180300000000 000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000 000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000002e02020202020202020 202022e00000000000202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303 030303030000000000033400000035030b00000034030000000000030303030303030303030 303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020 202020202020202020202020000000000020202020202020202020202020000000000020202 020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003320 0001d3303181700003203000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202 00000000002e02020202020202020202022e000000000002020202020202020202020202020 20000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000032f0000300303033100002f0300 000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020207000000002a02020202020 202020202022b00000000070202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303 030303030303030000000000032c00002d0303032000002c030000000000030303030303030 303030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000 202020202020202020202020202020600000000280202020202020202020202280000000006 020202020202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000 0290000000b0303031e00000029000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202 020202050000000024020202020202020202020225000000000502020202020202020202020 202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000002600001718030303270000 002600000000000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020204000000000021020 202020202020202220000000008040202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303 030303030303030303030000000000200000150303030303230000200000000000030303030 303030303030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000 00000020202020202020202020202020202020d000000001f1a020202020202021a1f0000000 00e020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000 0000001500000f0303030303200000150000000000030303030303030303030303030303000 000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020 20202020202020a1200000000080e1a1b021c1a0e0800000000120a020202020202020202020 2020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000001d00000b0303030303 1e00001d0000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202110800000 000000000000000000000000008140202020202020202020202020202020202000000030303 030303030303030303030303000000000000001718030303030319000000000000000003030 303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202111200000000000000000000000000 131402020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030 300000000000000150303030303030316000000000000000303030303030303030303030303 030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000002020202020202 4 3

0202020202020202020202020a0d00000000000000000000080e0a020202020202020202020 20202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000f030303 030303031000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202040506070000080906050a020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000 030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000b030303030303030c0000000000000 003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000000 000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 1010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000202d2 03000026060f009a07574d46430100000000000100000000000000020000007807000000000 000782700000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000 000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000002020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202000000000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000000000 000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303000000000000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000 000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000000000000303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000 000000000000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020200000000000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000000000000000000000000 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000014c00000064 0000000000000000000000ae0000002c0000000000000000000000af0000002d0000002900aa 0000000000000000000000803f00000000000000000000803f0000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000220000000c000000ffffffff460000001c00000 010000000454d462b024000000c000000000000000e00000014000000000000001000000014 0000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050000000c022d00af00030000001e000 400000007010400040000000701040015100000410b2000cc002d00af00000000002d00af000 4 5

000000028000000af0000002d00000001000800000000000000000000000000000000003e00 00000000000000000000ffffff004020000000304000381c000022110000130a0000080400000 101000009050000391d000000232e0000202a00160b0000180c000000171e0000141a002e17 000004020000050300002f180000000b0e0000080a0000010100002e3d00002c3b003018000 03d1f00003c1e00000002020000212c000302000000151c002d1700002c16000000090c00100 800000f08000000202b00002d3c0028140000002a3800361b0000351b000000040500001820 003e1f0000000f1400000c1000000a0d0000192100002f3e0000232f000024300000080b0000 131900001d26000027340000020300002f3f0000161d00002b3900000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000000000000000000003 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

303030000000000000000000000000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202000000000000000000000003030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000 000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000000000000000000202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000000001010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010000000000000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030300000000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000003030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300 000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000000002020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020200000000000303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030000000000010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202040506070000080906050a02020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000003 030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033d00000000003d03030300000000000 303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000 0000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020a0d08000000000000000000 080e0a020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030 3030300000000000303031e00000000001e0303030000000000030303030303030303030303 030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010 4 7

101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202 020202020202020202020202021112000000000000000000000000001314020202020202020 20202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033c 00000000003c030303000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020 211080000000000000000000000000000000814020202020202020202020202020202020200 000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303033000000000003003030300000 000000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000 0000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020a1200000000080e1a1b021c 1a0e0800000000120a020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030 30303030303000000000003033b3a00000000003a3b03030000000000030303030303030303 030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000 001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202 02020202020202020202020202020d000000001f1a020202020202021a1f000000000e020202 020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000030 3390000003a0000003903030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202 020408000000002102020202020202020222000000000804020202020202020202020202020 20200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000000303380000000f000000380303 000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202050000000024020202020 202020202020225000000000502020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303 0303030303030303000000000003033700001d1917000037030300000000000303030303030 303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000 000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000 002020202020202020202020202020206000000002802020202020202020202022800000000 060202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000 000030336000030031500003603030000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

0202020207000000002a02020202020202020202022b0000000007020202020202020202020 202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000003180000002d030f0000 001803000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101 01010101000000000000000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000002e020 20202020202020202022e000000000002020202020202020202020202020200000003030303 03030303030303030303030000000000033400000035030b000000340300000000000303030 303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000 000000002020202020202020202020202020200000000000202020202020202020202020200 000000000202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030 000000000033200001d33031817000032030000000000030303030303030303030303030303 000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202 0202020202020200000000002e02020202020202020202022e0000000000020202020202020 2020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000000032f0000300303 033100002f03000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202070000000 02a02020202020202020202022b000000000702020202020202020202020202020200000003 03030303030303030303030303030000000000032c00002d0303032000002c0300000000000 303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000 000000000000002020202020202020202020202020206000000002802020202020202020202 022800000000060202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030 303030000000000290000000b0303031e000000290000000000030303030303030303030303 030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202 020202020202020202020500000000240202020202020202020202250000000005020202020 202020202020202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000026000017 180303032700000026000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202040 000000000210202020202020202022200000000080402020202020202020202020202020200 4 9

000003030303030303030303030303030300000000002000001503030303032300002000000 000000303030303030303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010000000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000 0000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020d000000001f1a0202020202 02021a1f000000000e020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030 3030303030300000000001500000f0303030303200000150000000000030303030303030303 030303030303000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000 001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202 02020202020202020202020202020a1200000000080e1a1b021c1a0e0800000000120a020202 0202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303030303030303030300000000001d0 0000b03030303031e00001d0000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202 020202110800000000000000000000000000000008140202020202020202020202020202020 202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000000001718030303030319000000 000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202111200000000000 000000000000000131402020202020202020202020202020202020200000003030303030303 030303030303030300000000000000150303030303030316000000000000000303030303030 303030303030303030000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010000 000000010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000000000 0020202020202020202020202020202020202020a0d00000000000000000000080e0a020202 020202020202020202020202020202020000000303030303030303030303030303030000000 00000000f030303030303031000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303000000 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000001010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000000000202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202040506070000080906050a020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202000000030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000b03030303030303 0c0000000000000003030303030303030303030303030300000001010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010100000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010000000000000000000000000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020000000000030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

303030303030303030303000000000001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010100000000000000000 000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000003030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300 000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000000000020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020000000000000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303000000000000000101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010100000000000000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020200000000000000 000003030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030000000000000000000101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101000000000000000 000000000000000000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202000000000000000000000003030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300 000000000000000000000101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010 101010101010101010101010101010101010000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 202020202000000000000000000000000000000030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030300000000000000000000000000000 001010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101 010101010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 5 1

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010c000000 40092900aa000000000000002d00af0000000000040000002701ffff030000000000 Fig 3.7 White Inner Marker

3.4 MONITORING: The localiser, glide path and marker beacons are monitored. Actuation of a particular monitor will result in the automatic change-over to the second equipment of the component concerned or the component will ‘close down’. The localiser monitor will be actuated if any of the following conditions occur: •

Shift of the ‘on-course’ line from the runway alignment by more than a specified amount. For equipment up to CAT I this is 10.5 metres, for CAT II, 7.5 metres and for CAT III, 3 metres, measured at the landing threshold

•

Reduction of power output below a usable level

•

A change in sensitivity of 17%. A decrease in sensitivity produces an increase in course width and an increase in sensitivity shows a narrowing of the course.

The glide path monitor will be actuated if any of the following conditions occur: •

Shift of the glide path angle by more than 0.1° or if the bottom edge of the beam shifts by more than 0.1°

•

Reduction of power below a usable level.

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

The marker beacon monitors will be actuated by any failure of the modulation or keying, or by reduction of power below a usable level. The tower controller has available a continuous visual indication of the state of each component of the ILS on a monitor panel and is given warning of failures by a system of lights.

CHAPTER-4 AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT A common antenna with VOR is used for localizer reception. Another UHF

5 3

antenna for glide slope and a combined receiver for all the three components, namely localizer, glide slope and markers is used. Panel mounted Control Unit is generally integrated with VHF communication set. Navigational information derived from ILS signals may be displayed on different instruments.

4.1 OBS DISPLAY: On an OBI with an extra horizontal bar and vertical dots, the glide slope indications are also made available on the same display for VOR and ILS. In case of glide slope the maximum deflection either way for five dots shows 0.7° of deviation. That is, each dot corresponding to 0.14°. Half a scale deflection of ‘fly up’ indication of glide slope bar is considered significant deviation. As a thumb rule vertical scale deflection from the glide slope equals 24 feet/ dot/ nm of deviation. Therefore, maximum deflection of horizontal bar at 10 nm would be 700 feet (24 x 5 x 10) or at 3 nm 210 feet. CDI scale gets four times more sensitive than VOR indications when used with a localizer. Each dot shows 0.5° deviation from the centre line and full scale deflection corresponds to 2.5° or more. Roughly, one dot deviation is equivalent to 50 feet/ nm of off distance from the centre line. As an example, at 7 nm to touchdown, indication of ‘2 dots fly right’ would mean 100 feet off the centreline. In ILS mode, OBS selection has no effect on CDI indications. But selection of inbound track is a good reminder and useful practice if sometimes one is required to use HSI. The CDI gives only positional information independent of helicopters heading. Therefore, any indications of azimuth and elevation displacement do not depend on heading. Failure of localizer signal renders the complete installation unusable, but with failure of only the glide slope, a non precision approach may be carried out.

Fig 4.1 OBS Display

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

4.2 HSI (Horizontal situation indicator): A rotating compass card indicating heading and CDI are combined in HSI. Selecting the inbound localizer track makes the presentation meaningful. Track arrow and CDI are carried around with moving compass card as the helicopter’s heading changes. With OBS setting the dots too move and remain perpendicular to broken arrow showing OBS. As the CDI moves parallel to the broken arrow of OBS setting and TO/FROM indication is available, the HSI remains as the command (‘what to do’) instrument throughout. With helicopters symbol in the centre, unambiguous picture in the plan view by HSI greatly simplifies interpretation and interception of the localizer and any required radials. The glide slope indication is given by a wide pointer moving over vertical scale and may be either on one side or both sides of the indicator. A knob to set the heading bug on the compass card as reminder is also there. The width of the bug assists in making small corrections to heading close to the runway on approach.

Fig 4.2 HSI Display

4.3 MARKER BEACON INDICATOR: A set of colored lights which flash to indicate helicopter’s passage over the markers is installed on the instrument panel. Simultaneous Morse code identification in the headsets (and speaker) is also available. Salient details of all markers are depicted and tabulated below.

5 5

Fig 4.3 Marker Beacon Indicator In case of a co-located DME with ILS, airborne DME equipment automatically gets switched on when VHF frequency selection for the localizer is made on the control unit. In absence of marker beacon or as an additional and regular check of the distance to runway, DME readings can be used for the range. This can confirm position in relation to the glide slope by comparison of height (or altitude) with distance to touchdown.

CHAPTER-5

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

SYSTEM COVERAGE AND LIMITATIONS The volume of airspace within which accurate indications must be available are defined by ICAO for different components of ILS.

5.1 LOCALIZER LIMITATION: The indications for the localizer signals received should be accurate up to 7° in elevation above the aerodrome level. The horizontal coverage of this airspace should extend to ±35° of approach centreline and up to a distance of 18 nm. Beyond this; up to range of 25 nm the coverage should be within ±10° of the extended centreline of the runway.

Fig 5.1 Localizer Indications

5.2 GLIDE PATH LIMITATION: The volume of airspace where accurate indication of glide path is available extends up to 10 nm range. Its coverage in elevation is based on the glide slope angle and extends above runway from 0.45 Ɵ to 1.75 Ɵ, where Ɵ represents the descent angle for approach. Therefore, for a 3° nominal angle of approach the coverage in elevation extends from 1.35° above aerodrome to 5.25°. The coverage in the horizontal plane extends to 8° either side extended centreline of the runway. 5 7

Fig 5.2 Glide slope Indication

5.3 BACK BEAM APPROACHES: Localizer radiation pattern is replicated in take-off direction as well and can be used for tracking out in take-off direction or carrying out a non-precision approach on the opposite runway. On simple indicators, it must be noted that indications are opposite in sense. The approach may be carried out only if such a procedure is published and authorized.

5.4 FALSE GLIDESLOPE: The emission of lobes at glide slope transmitter gets repeated due to antenna design. A steep and false glide slope above the actual one would occur at twice the normal angle. The indications with false glide slope will be in reverse. The procedures are designed to intercept the glide slope from below to avoid a possibility of following the false glide slope which also demands a high rate of descent.

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: 1. Safe landing: Ensure safe landing without any external reference and without any human efforts.

2. No pilot control: Without the control of a pilot the plane can land using only ILS.

3. Help land blind: With extreme bad weather the plane can land safely DISADVANTAGES: 1. Interference due to large reflecting objects, other vehicles or moving objects. 2. This interference can reduce the strength of the directional signals.

5 9

CHAPTER-7 FUTURE SCOPE The Microwave Landing System (MLS) introduced in the 1970s was intended to replace ILS but fell out of favour in the United States because of satellite based systems. However, it is showing a resurgence in the United Kingdom for civil aviation.ILS and MLS are the only standardized systems in Civil Aviation that meet requirements for Category III automated landings. The first Category III MLS for civil aviation was commissioned at Heathrow airport in March 2009. The advent of the Global Positioning System (GPS) provides an alternative source of approach for aircraft. In the US, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) has been available to provide precision guidance to Category I standards since 2007, and the equivalent in Europe, the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), is currently undergoing final trials and will be certified for safety of life applications in 2010. Other methods of augmentation are in development to provide for Category III minimums or better, such as the Local Area Augmentation System(LAAS). The FAA Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) office is currently working with the industry in anticipation of the certification of the first GBAS ground stations in Memphis, TN; Sydney, Australia; Bremen, Germany; Spain and Newark, NJ. All four countries have installed GBAS systems and are involved in technical and operational evaluation activities. The Honeywell and FAA team are working on the System Design Approval of the world's first Non-Federal U.S. approval for LAAS Category I operations; expected in first quarter 2009 and compliant with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) Category I LAAS.

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION By introducing the ILS into the aviation field the safety of the air transport is increased rapidly but there are still some work to be done in this system as it still don’t provide the aircraft with full details about the airfield like how far is the runway and what’s the visibility of the runway. This also lag in telling the pilot in command with the perfect glide slope angle if its far away from the runway and also don’t tell the pilot the vertical decent rate to be maintained so that it touchdown smoothly.

6 1

CHAPTER-9 REFERENCES •

History of Aircraft Landing Aids – U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission

•

"Happy Landings in Fog", June 1933, Popular Mechanics article on the early system setup in the USA.

•

ILS Basics

•

ILS Tutorial Animations

•

Website dedicated to the description of ILS

•

ILS Tutorial Animation Illustrates and describes how are ILS navigation signals displayed on board of an aircraft in various positions, which may occur during a safe approach for landing.