Instituto Politecnico Nacional

 

FOQSFS]SN UNJFSMAOFAN O@AFNO@J MQA]MJ@ Q]UMYFNY CM FOKMOFMYF@ DMA@OFA@ V MJMASYFA@ ]OFC@C X@A@SMOAN FOKMOFMYF@ MO ANOSYNJ V @]SND@SFX@AFNO MJMASYFAFC@C V D@KOMSFQDN UY@ASFA@ #0 ‚QMK]YFC@C MO MJ J@INY@SNYFN— KY]UN8 9@D1 MP]FUN #= FOSMKY@OSMQ8   

Anoal` Anrtms Fs`ä`s Hmsøs

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Cä`z Duðnz @ocrm` V`dfjm

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Dmocmz Al`vmz Gfo`rf R`jmrf` Umrm` Ynal` Àokmj @d`cnr

Urnbmsnrms8 Jufs Bmro`ocn A`rcnsn Ymyms  

Bmal` cm mj`inr`afño8 0=/5

J` rmsfstmoaf` cmarmam motrm uo nalmot` y onvmot` pnr afmotn. 

¾Puæ p`rtm cmj aumrpn lud`on (sman) prmsmot` dmonr rmsfstmoaf`>

Cmj ancn ` j` duðma` cm j` d`on cmrmal`. 

¾Puæ vnjt`hms cm j` bfkur` 0.0)smrf`o jmt`jms> ¾Unr quæ>( @pñy`tm mo j`s anosfcmr`afnoms 6

 

Mj vnjt`hm on ms mj qum prnvna` j` dumrtm y` qum uo vnjt`hm cm 055R pumcm smr t`o jmt`j andn uon cm 05555R . Unr ntr` p`rtm j` anrrfmotm motrm 5,0 y 5,9 @dpmrms sno b`t`jms. 

¾Puæ vnjt`hms sno pmjfk pmjfkrnsns> rnsns> ¾Unr quæ> (`pñy`tm mo j`s anosfcmr`af anosfcmr`afnoms noms cm j` bfkur` 0.0)

Cm ` j` t`ij`qum 0.0 sm cm prmsmot`o 5.50 ` 5.0 sno @dpmrms pmjfkrnsn pumstn qum`aumrcn j`s smos`afnoms kr`vmssmy anosfcmr` `jkuo`s b`t`jms, andn pnr  mhmdpjn j` pmrsno` andfmoz` ` smotfr cnjnr smvmrn, sno foa`p`ams cm snjt`r, prmsmot prms mot`o `o p`rà p`ràjfs jfsfs fs dus dusauj auj`r, `r, aln alnqum qum smvm smvmrn, rn, `cm `cmdàs dàs prms prmsmot mot`o `o `jtmr`a `jtmr`afno fnoms ms rmspfr`tnrf`s y pnr anosfkufmotm cfbfaujt`cms p`r` rmspfr`r. Cm 5.0 ` 0 @dpmrms j` pmrsn pm rsno` o` prms prmsmot mot` ` qumd qumd`cu `cur`s r`s smv smvmr` mr`ss y j` rm rmsp spfr fr`a `afñ fño o ams` ams` pr prnv nvna` na`oc ocn n j` dumrtm. 

¾Auàjj bu ¾Auà bum m j` d` d`ynr ynr rm rmsf sfst stmoa moaf` f` mj mjæat æatrf rfa` a` qu qum m prm prmsm smot otn n `jku `jkuon on cm jn jnss fotmkr`otms cm tu mqufpn cm tr`i`hn>

=55 G™ ¾Auàj j` dmonr rmsfstmoaf` qum prmsmotn `jkuon cm jns fotmkr`otms cm tu mqufpn bum cm tr`i`hn> 055 G™ 

¾Auàjms bumrno j`s prfoafp`jms bumotms cm mrrnr mo j`s dmcfafnoms>

Urfoafp`jdmotm bum pnrqum mo `jkuo`s dmcfafnoms j` pmrsno` qum mst`i` sfmocn dmcfc` andmoz`i` ` suc`r cm j`s d`ons y mstn `bmat`i` mo j`s dmcfafnoms cmj aumrpn sman y vfamvmrs`, au`ocn sm tr`t`i` cm dmcfr ano j`s p`rtms cmj aumrpn lødmc`s sm sma`i` j` p`rtm lødmc` y` qum, p`r` ludmcmamrsm j`s d`ons, pnr  mhmdpjn, tmoä` qum a`dfo`r y mo jn qum a`dfo`i` afmrt` cfst`oaf` sm sma`i` p`rtm cmj `ku`. 

Mo j` dm dmcf cfaf afño ño cm a`c a`c` ` rm rmsf sfst stmo moaf af` ` ¾j ¾j` ` fo foamr amrtftfcu cudi dirm rm `is `isnj njut ut` ` bum bum j` dfsd`> (nismrv` j` msa`j` cmj dujtädmtrn). Mxpjfa`

Mj dujtädmtrn tfmom uo d`rkmo cm mrrnr, mstn qufmrm cmafr qum jns c`tns `rrnh`cns pnr mstm on sno andpjmt`dmotm mx`atns sf on qum v`rä`, mo mstm `spmatn pumcmo fotmrvmofr b`atnrms, t`jms andn j` a`jfir`afño, a`difns cm j` tmdpmr`tur`, jn qum prnvn pr nvna` a` qu qum m cf cfal al`s `s dm dmcf cfaf afnom nomss tm tmok ok`o `o msm d` d`rkm rkmo o cm mrr mrrnr, nr, `cmdà `cmdàss a`i a`im m rma`ja`r qum mo mstm tfpn cm mxpmrfdmotns on sfmdprm sm nitfmom fobnrd`afño mx`at` pnr jn qum `a`i`dns cm mxpnomr.  @cmdàs ntrn b`atnr fdpnr fdpnrt`otm t`otm ms qum a`c` pmrsno` prmsmot` a`r`atmrästfa`s duy cfbmrmotms motrm sä, jn qum prnvna` qum jns rmsujt`cns a`difmo uo pnan ` jns mspmr`cns.

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Anoajusfnoms

Mspmr`dns qum mstm mxpmrfdmotn jms l`y` irfoc`cn fobnrd`afño subfafmotm p`r` qum pumc`o tr`i`h`r mo mj j`inr`tnrfn j`inr`tnrfn sfo tmomr prni`ifjfc` prni`ifjfc`c c cm subrfr `aafcmotms n mo su cmbmatn tr`kmcf`s, a`im rma`ja`r qum `otms cm rm`jfz`r au`jqufmr `atfvfc`c qum qu m rm rmqu qufm fmr` r` usn cm mj mjmat matrf rfaf afc` c`c c an andf dfmoa moamo mo pn pnrr rm rmvf vfs` s`rr y a` a`jfjfir` ir`rr tn tncn cnss jns d`tmrf`jms ` utfjfz`r. On njvfcmo qum j` rmsfstmoaf` cmj aumrpn cmpmocmrà cm a`c` pmrsno`, sfo mdi`rkn j`s prma`uafnoms tfmomo qum smr anosfcmr`c`s pnr tncns jns fovnjuar`cns mo mj tr`i`hn.  @j rm`jfz`r j`s dmcfafnoms ano mj dujtädmtrn sm andprumi` j` rmsfstmoaf` qum mxfstm mxfst m mo oumstr oumstrn n aumrpn y ano msn sm pumcm l`amr j` supnsfafño ano jns aàjaujns dmcf`otm dmcf` otm j` jmy cm nld y pncmr anot anotmdpj`r mdpj`r jn pmj pmjfkrnsn fkrnsn qum pumc pumcm m naurrfr mo uo alnqum mjæatrfan y i`hn quæ anocfafnoms `bmat` mo d`ynr anosfcmr`afño y j`s dmhnrms dmh nrms rman rmandmo dmoc`a c`afño fño p`r` mvft`r mvft`r mst mstns ns `aa `aafcm fcmotm otms, s, mo mspmaf mspmaf`j `j tnd tnd`rjn `rjn mo aumot` andn i`sms cm j` d`tmrf` y` qum mj d`omhn cm j` mjmatrfafc`c ms jn prfoafp`j qum sm utfjfz`rà cur`otm tncn mj aursn. Mo mst` pràatfa` pucfdns nismrv`r qum j` rmsfstmoaf` cmj aumrpn lud`on v`rä` cmpmocfmocn sf mst` lødmcn mj aumrpn on, anrrmdns uo kr`o rfmskn a`fk` mo mj j`inr`tnrfn cm cm bäsfa` mo a`sn cm qum `jkufmonjjmvm `ku` y `aafcmot`jdmotm snirm j`s anosnj`s, prfoafp`jdmotm tmomdns qum aufc`rons cm uo` cmsa`rk` dnrt`j pnrqum pums `uoqum sm`o pnans `dpmrms mqufv`jmo ` cmd`sf`cn J` smkurfc`c mo mj j`inr`tnrfn ms msmoaf`j p`r` mvft`r `aafcmotms, ms fdpnrt`otm tnd`r j`s dmcfc`s `prnpf`c`s y` qum uo alnqum mjæatrfan pumcm smr `jkn t`o fonbmosfvn fonbmo sfvn n pnr mj anotr`rfn anotr`rfn jjmk`r ` tmomr b`t b`t`jms `jms anosm anosmaumoaf aumoaf`s. `s. Mo tncns jns d`ou`jms sm rmandfmoc` mj usn cm mqufpn cm smkurfc`c, y mo mj àrm` j`inr`j ms nijfk`tnrfn mj usn cm mstm mqufpn. Anoajuyn qum ms fdpnrt`otm s`imr j`s dmcfc`s cm smkurfc`c pnrqum sfo mjj`s pncmdns tmomr uo kr`vm `aafcmotm y snirm tncn on tnd`r ` humkn jns sfstmd`s mjæatrfans. Mo j` pjàtfa` ons pmra`t`dns cm qum au`ocn anocuafdns j` mjmatrfafc`c mo j` anocfafño sman sm tfmom dàs anrrfmotm qum au`ocn mstà lødmcn, mstn ms pnrqum j` ludmc`c `udmot` j` anocuatfvfc`c cm j` pfmj. Msn pmrdftm qum j` anrrfmotm on snj`dmotm v`y` pnr j` supmrbfafm, sfon qum `tr`vfmsm j`s zno`s cm d`ynr anotmofcn anotmofcn cm `ku` cmj aumrpn. J` a`rk` mjæatrfa` mjæatrfa` on sm tr`ospnrt` ` tr`væs cm tnc` j` smaafño cm uo anocuatnr, sfon pnr su supmrbfafm.  @j l`ij`r cm vnjt`hm pumcm smr pmjfkrnsn pnrqum pumcm l`amrons pmos`r qum ` vnjt`hms pmqumðns on l`y pmjfkrn cm mjmatrnauafño. On ms `sä, jn fdpnrt`otm ms j` anrrfmotm qum `tr`vfms` oumstrn aumrpn y sf j` anrrfmotm ms mjmv`c` pncmdns subrfr  kr`vms c`ðns foajusn ano uo vnjt`hm cm pmqumð` d`koftuc.

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@atfvfc`cms andpjmdmot`rf`s

Anotmst` irmvmdmotm jn qum sm tm pfcm. 0. Mo Moud udmr` mr` cfbm cfbmrmo rmotm tmss b` b`at atnrm nrmss qu qum m cm cmtm tmrd rdfo fo`o `o j` smvmrf smvmrfc` c`c c cm uo al alnq nqum um mjæatrfan mo uo smr lud`on. -J` a`otfc`c cm anrrfmotm mjæatrfa` -Mc`c -Qmxn -Anocfafnoms bäsfa`s cm j` pmrsno` 9. Mxpjfa` pnr quæ jns sfkuf sfkufmotms motms `atns pumcmo jjmv`r ` anocfa anocfafnoms fnoms pmjfkrn pmjfkrns`s s`s cm tr`i`hn ano mqufpn mjæatrfan8 `) ]tfjfz`r `ofjjns n ir`z`jmtms dmtàjfans, y` qum mstns nihmtns sno anocuatnrms mjæatrfans y au`jqufmr pmqumðn anot`atn cm mstns ano uo anocuatnr `atfvn pumcm cmsmoa`cmo`r j` anocuaafño ano mj aumrpn y smrä` duy cfbäafj cmsprmocmr mstns `j dndmotn cm uo alnqum mjæatrfan. i) Mst Mst`r `r cm cmsa` sa`jz jzn, n, mo na`sf na`sfno noms ms sm moa moaum umot otr`o r`o an anoc ocuat uatnrm nrmss sum sumjtjtns ns y mstn mstnss pumcmo smr `bmat`cns `j on mst`r auifmrtns. @j fku`j qum cmpmocm j` zno` cm tr tr`i `i`h `hn, n, y` qum qum mo mst mstrua ruatu tur`s r`s dm dmtà tàjfjfa` a`ss ms cm d` d`yn ynrr pm pmjfjfkr krn n `j pmr pmrdf dftftfrr j` anocuaafño. a) Sr`i`h`r snirm uo pfsn dnh`cn, mj `ku` ms uo iumo anocuatnr cm j` mjmatrfafc`c, motnoams pumcm smr duy pmjfkrnsn sf sm moaumotr` `jkøo anocuatnr cmsauifmrtn momrkfz`cn. c) Sna`r tuimrä`s cm `ku` u ntrns anocuatns ` tfmrr` dfmotr`s sm tr`i`h` ano mqufpn mjæatrfan, pnr sus mxtmos`s anomxfnoms lmal`s cm dmt`j, sf sm c` uo alnqum mjæatrfan mjæatrfan smrä` cm d`ynr fotmo fotmosfc`c sfc`c y pncrä` `udmot `udmot`r `r mj rfmskn cm c`ðns anj`tmr`jms cmpmocfmocn cm jn qum sm anocuza` pnr ms`s tuimrä`s. m) Sr`i`h`r ano mqufpn mjæatrfan ano j`s d`ons suc`c`s, l`am qum j` rmsfstmoaf` mjæatrfa` cm j` pfmj cfsdfouy` y `sä `udmot` mj rfmskn jmt`j mo uo alnqum mjæatrfan. 1. ¾Cmotrn cm quæ r`okn uo` anrrfmotm mjæatrfa` qum afraujm pnr mj aumrpn lud`on pumcm prnvna`r j` dumrtm> 055-955 d@ 09

 

3. ¾Puæ ms uo p`r`rr`yns> ¾U`r` quæ sm mdpjm`> Mstm fostrudmotn ms uo anocuatnr qum sfrvm cm kuä` p`r` qum mo `jkuo` a`äc` cm uo r`yn mstm on fdp`atm mo au`jqufmr ntrn nihmtn y a`usm `jkøo cms`strm. Mj aumrpn cmj p`r`rr`yn jn rmafim y jn anocuam ` tfmrr` p`r` qum `sä sm cfspmrsm tnc` j` momrkä` =. ¾Puæ mst`ijmam j` jmy cm Nld> Pum mo dualns d`tmrf`jms (foajusfvm j` d`ynr p`rtm cm jns dmt`jms) j` rmj`afño cm j` cmosfc`c cm anrrfmotm `j a`dpn mjæatrfan ms uo` anost`otm qum ms focmpmocfmotm cmj a`dpn mjæatrfan qum prncuam j` anrrfmotm. J` anrrfmotm mjæatrfa` cmotrn cm uo afrauftn ms cfrmat`dmotm prnpnrafno`j ` j` a`äc` cm tmosfño mo jns anocuatnrms m fovmrs`dmotm prnpnrafno`j ` j` rmsfstmoaf` fotmrvmofc`. Dmoafno` au`trn rmkj`s iàsfa` Dmoafno` iàsfa`ss cm smkurf smkurfc`c c`c mo uo j`inr`tnrf j`inr`tnrfn n cnocm sm rm`jf rm`jfz`o z`o dmcfafnoms mjæatrfa`s. 0. Anrt`r j` pntmoaf` `otms cm tna`r jns `j`dirms cm uo afrauftn n mqufpn mjæatrfan. 9. Sr`i`h`r ano uo` d`on. 1. Ouoa` tr`i`hms snjn. 3. @smkør`tm cm qum mj mqufpn mstæ mo anocfafnoms cm npmr`afño y vfsu`jfz` jns pmjfkrns pntmoaf`jms. Fovmstfk`. 0. ¾Puæ ms uo ñldmtrn> Ms uo fostrudmotn a`p`z cm dmcfr j` rmsfstmoaf` mjæatrfa` motrm cns puotns cm uo d`tmrf`j n uo afrauftn. 9. ¾Puæ ms j` rmsfstmoaf` mjæatrfa`> J` cfbfaujt`c qum prmsmot` uo d`tmrf`j `j p`sn cm j` anrrfmotm mjæatrfa`, mst` cfbfau cfbfaujt` jt`c c mst mstà à mo rmj`af rmj`afño ño ano jns àtn àtndns dns,, prf prfoaf oafp`j p`jdmo dmotm tm jns mjma mjmatrn trnoms, oms, cmj d`tmrf`j. 1. ¾Puæ ms mj vnjt`hm> Ms mj cmsofvmj mjæatrfan qum mxfstm motrm cns puotns cmtmrdfo`cns cm uo afrauftn. S`difæo sm cmbfom andn mj tr`i`hn pnr uofc`c cm a`rk` mhmrafcn pnr mj a`dpn mjæa mjæatr trfa fan n snir snirm m uo` uo` p` p`rt rtäa äauj uj` ` a`rk a`rk`c `c` ` p` p`r` r` dnvmr nvmr mo motr trm m cn cnss pn pnsf sfaf afno noms ms cmtmrdfo`c`s. 3. ¾Puæ ms j` anrrfmotm mjæatrfa`> 01

 

Ms j` a`otfc`c cm a`rk` qum bjuym pnr uo` supmrbfafm mo uo cmtmrdfo`cn tfmdpn. Ymsumjvm mj sfkufmotm prnijmd`. Qf j` rmsfstmoaf` cm j` pfmj sma` ms cm 055 g™ y sm l`am uo anot`atn `aafcmot`j ano uo anocuatnr ano uo vnjt`hm cm 095 R. `) ¾Auàot` anrrfmotm bjufrà ` tr`væs cmj a`dfon anocuatnr lud`on> Qf mj anot`atn ano mstm dfsdn anocuatnr sm d`otfmom pnr 05 smkuocns y j` rmsfstmoaf` cm j` pfmj a`m l`st` 0 g™. i) ¾Puæ anrrfmotm bjufrà ` tr`væs cmj aumrpn ` tfmrr`> Mdpjm` j` jmy cm nld.  F 4

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095 vnjts 055 555 nlds

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 F 45.5509  @ 40.9 d@  

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095 vnjts 0555 nlds

 F 45.09  @ 4095 d@

Ifijfnkr`bä`  

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