Injecao Eletronica de Carros

 

moefâig fdftrgomni hf nirrgs Jmstþrmi 0: pib.

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IOGXIÂÖF^ NVP^G MOEFÂÎG NGPPFOXF; IKQFPF^ XFO^ÎG ; \GDXU, XIK@FK Í LGPÂI NGPPFOXF FDÍXPMNI Í G HF^DGNIKFOXG HF FDFXPGO^. XF^XIP XF^X IP NGPPFOXF NGPPF OXF QG^MXM\G HI DÀKQIHI GV FYVMQIKFOXG OG + HI @IXFPMI OFBIXM\G DMBIP OG QDVB \FPKFDJG KVDXMKFXPG F OFBIXM\G HG KVDXMKFXPG KVD XMKFXPG O OG G OFBIXM\G HI @IXFPMI. @IXFPMI. PF^M^XÅONMI Í QPI MKQFHMP I QI^^IBFK HF FOFPBMI YVIOHG KVDXMKFXPG XM\FP OVKFPG F DFXPI, Z QGP 9111 C;9111 K;9111111  

PFDF

PFDF Í VK MOXFPPVQXGP KIBOFXMNG YVIOHG NJFBIP NGPPFOXF OG :6 F OG :< FDF BFPI VK NIKQG KIBOFXMNG LIUFOHG I QIPXF KFNIOMNI HG PFDF ^F IXPIYVF, YVIOHG M^^G INGOXFNF QI^^I-^F OG QMOG >1 F \IM QPG :2. FDF INMGOI

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VKI FOFPBMI KIM^ IDXI NGK VKI FOFPBMI KFOGP

DMBIOHG DIKQIHI OG PFDF5 DMBIP G >1 F :6 QG^MXM\MG @IXFPMI :2 DMBIP OG QG^XM\MG HG QFOHFOXF GV GVXPG FYVMQIKFOXG OFBIXM\G HG QFOHFOXF DMBIP OG OFBIXM\G HI @IXFPMI :< DMBIP VK OFBIXM\G NGKG XF^XIP VK PFDF NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG FK PF^M^XFONMI GV FK NGOXMOVMHIHF QGOXI \FPKFDJI OG :6 F QPFXI :< XFK YVF HIP :1 GJK^ 0µ XF^XF KIOXFOJI G^ NGOFNXGPF^ :6 F :< DMBIHG^ INMGOF G PFDF QFDG :< NGDGYVF I QGOXI HF XF^XF \FPKFDJI OG >1 F QPFXI :2

Nþhmbg Dmoji 9 Dmoji 8 Dmoj Dm oji i 96 96

Hfsnrmâîg ^moid hi `g`moi hf mbomâîg. Idti tfosîg hi `g`moi hf mbomâîg. ^iëh ^i ëhi i pgs pgsmt mtmv mvi i hg hg ngk ngkut utih ihgr gr hf mb mbom omâî âîg g f pir pirtm tmhi hi..

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Dm Dmoj oji i 96i 96i Dmoji >1 Dmoj Dm oji i >1i >1i Dmoji >9 Dmoj Dm oji i 61 61 Dmoji :6 Dmoji :< Dmoji :2 Dmoji B Dmoji XB XB

^iëhi ^iëh i pþs pþs.. hi hi nji njivf vf hf mb mbo. o. f pir pirtm tmhi hi ng ngk k lus lusëvf ëvfd. d. Qgsmtmvg hmrftg hi `itfrmi. Qgsm Qg smtmv tmvg g hmr hmrft ftg g hi hi `it `itfr frmi mi,, prg prgtf tfbm bmhg hg pg pgrr lus lusëv ëvfd fd.. Qgotg kissi ofbitmvg hi `itfrmi. ^iëh ^i ëhi i pþs pþs.. hg hg ngk ngkut utih ihgr gr hf mb mbom omâî âîg g f pir pirtm tmhi hi p/ idmkfotiâîg hg kgtgr hf pirtmhi. Fotrihi hi `g`moi hg rfdå. ^iëhi hi `g`moi hg rfdå. Ngotitg hf siëhi hg rfdå. ^moid hg sfosgr hf ngk`ustëvfd. ^moid hg hg sf sfosgr hf hf tf tfkpfrituri.

KGHVDG HF MOEFÂÎG FDFXPGOMNI XIK@ÍK NJIKIHG HF FNV NFOXPID Í IDMKFOXIHI IDMKFOXIHI QGP VKI DMOJI >1 QG^MXM\G QG ^MXM\G HMPFXG @IXFPMI FZMXF VKI ^FBVOHI ^FBVOH I DMOJI >1 IXF IXF VK MOXFPPVQXGP, IQÞ^ M^^G F DMOJII96.NFOXPID. YVIOHG G KGXGPM^XI DMBI I NJI\F F MOLGPKIHG I NFOXPID QGHF XFP 0 GV > IXFPPIKFOXG^. IXFPPIKFOXG^. OGPKIDKFOXF F^^F^ IXFPPIKFOXG^ LMNIK NGK KID NGOXIXG GV BPIZI GV F^YVFNM HF NGDGNIP F M^^G QGHF NIV^IP \IPMG^ HFLFMXG^.

IQÞ^ G NGOHVXGP NGO HVXGP DMBIP DMBI P I NJI\F NJI\F I NFOXPID MPÉ INFOHFP I DIKQIHI HI MOEFÂIG OG QIMOFD, I NFOXPID KIOHI VK OFBIXM\G F INFOHF I DVU, FDI F DMBIHI OI DMOJI 96.

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I FNV IDFK HF IXM\IP I @GK@I HF NGK@V^XM\FD XIK@FK IXM\I G PFDF QPMONMQID YVF IDMKFOXI I FNV NGK QG^MXM\G^ F I FNV EÉ XFK OFBIXM\G. OFBIXM\G. F^XPIXFBMI^ HI F^XPIXFBMI^ H I FNV (NFOXPID) HI^J QGX; PFXIPHG OI INFDFPIÂÎG, YVIOHG XMPI G QF HG INFDFPIHGP I INFDFPIÂÎG NIM BPIHVIDKFOXF QIPI YVFMKI HF XGHG NGK@V^XM\FD. NVX-GLL; \GNF F^XI INFDFPFIOHG HF PFQFOXF \N XMPI G QF HIM I NFOXPID NGPXI XGHG QVD^G HG @MNG MOEFXGP OIG BI^XI OIHI HF NGK@V^XM\FD. PFNG\FP] GV BG JGKF; \N F^XÉ NGK QPG@FDKI FK IDBVK ^FO^GP I NFOXPID IHGXI G KFXGHG QIHPIG QPI \N NJFBIP FK NI^I.

QGRFP DINXJ; YVIOHG \N F^XÉ NGK \FMNVDG LVONMGOIDHG F \N HF^DMBI G KGXGP FDF LIU NGK YVF F^^F KGHVDGHG^ LMYVF FOFPBMUIHG QGP IDBVO^ ^FBVOHG^, HFQFOHFOHG NI^G^ HFQFOHFOHG HI F^XPIXFBMI HG KGHVDG HFKGPI H FKGPI IXF HFU KMOVXG^. F^^I LVOÂIG LVOÂI G LIU NGK YVF I NFOXPID NGO^MBI XPGNIP MOLGPKIÂGF^ FK ^VI^ KFKGPMI^ F HFMZI XGHG^ G^ ^FO^GPF^ QPFQIPIHG^ ^F NI^G LGP HI VKI OG\I QIPXMHI MKFHMIXI. IHIQXIÂÎG IÂÎG ; \GNF NGKQPI VK NIPPG UFPG F IVXG IHIQX NGKFÂI I IOHIP, YVIOHG \N NJFBI IG^ 81.111 CK \N OÎG LFU OFOJVKI PF\M^ÎG, GV ^FEI, KGXGP XPI@IDJIOHG OG DMKMXF, G NGOHVXGP OÎ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ÎG G LVONMGOIKFOXG HI NFOXPID

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^FO^GP HF XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPIXVPI HF ÉBVI HFQFOHFOHG HI XFKQFPIXVPI HI ÉBVI GV HG KGXGP I FNV KIOHI KIM^ GV KFOG^ NGK@V^XM\FD ^F F^^I MOLGPKIÂÎG MOLGPKIÂ ÎG LGP FPPIHI \IM \IM XPIUFP \IPMG^ \IPMG^ QPG@DFKI^. (NGFLM^NMFOXF FLM^NMFOXF HF XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPIXVPI F^^F ^FO^GP F HG XMQG OXN (NG OFBIXM\I) YVIOXG KIMGP KIM GP ^VI ^V I XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPIXVPI KFOGP ^VI PF^M^XFONMI. G OGPKID HG^ KIXFPMI^ F ^FP QXN YVIOXG KFOGP I XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPI XVPI KIMGP I PF^M^XFONMI. PF^M^X FONMI. FZM^XFK ^FO^GPF^ HF 9 I 8 LMG^ G ^FO^GP ^FO^G P HF 9 LMG OGPKIDKFOXF ^G \IM \IM QIPI G QIMOFD, QIMOFD, NIPPG^ ^FK MOEFÂIG FDFXPGOMNI. ^FO^GP NGK 0 LMG^, ^ÎG HGM^ ^FO^GPF^ FK VK, G^ 0 LMG^ ^ÎG DMBIHG^ OI NFOXPID. VK LMG Í G OFBIXM\G F G GVXPG Í G ^MOID, G ^FO^GP HF^DMBIHG XFK F VK HG^ LMG^ 6\. FZFKQDG5 ^F G NIPPG F^XM\FP LPMG VO^ 06 BPIV^ G ^FO^GP \IM F^XIP KIM^ GV G V KFOG^ >,0\1 FK 81 BPIV^ 0,6\ LMG^, HMLMNMDKFOXF ^FPI FONGXPIHG ^FOHG YVF G^ > LMG^ \IG QPI NFOXPID 9 6\ GVXPG OFBIXM\G F GVXPG ^MOID.

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^FO^GP 8 LMG^, ^FOHG HGM^ ^FO^GPF^ FK VK ^G, 0 LMG^ QIPI NFOXPID F 0 LMG^ QIPI QIMOFD. NGKG XF^XIP I PF^M^XFONMI HG ^FO^GP ^FO^G P HF XFKQFPI XFKQFPIXVPI. XVPI. NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG FK GJK^ (OG \MHFG NGKFÂGV FK 0.9: Z 9111) QIPI GVXPG XF^XF F^YVFOXIP I QGOXI HG ^FO^GP NGK M^YVFMPG F KIOXFP G KVDXMKFXPG KFHMOHG I PF^M^XFONMI. ^FKQPF \FPMLMNIP I ÉBVI, NGDGNIP IHMXM\G F \FP ^F I ÉBVI F^XI KIPPGK, INGP KIPPGK OÎG F XFPPI F LFPPG LVOHMHG OÎG NGDGNIP ÉBVI KMOFPID. XF^XF HI IBVI NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG OI @IXFPMI HFMZIP G QG^MXM\G F NGDGNIP I QGOXI QPFXI OI IBVI I QFPNI HF 90 \ OÎG QGHF ^FP KVMXG IDXI, HFQGM^ NGDGNIP G OFBIXM\G HF \GDXI OI @IXFPMI F NGDGNIP G QG^MXM\G OI IBVI G \IDGP \IDGP NGPPFXG N GPPFXG XFK YVF YV F ^FP OFBIXM\G OFBIXM\G GV 1 ^F HFP IDXG IDXG I IBVI XFK YVF YV F ^FP ^V@^XMXVMHI ^V@^XMXVMH I VPBFOXF, I IBVI F^XI NGK FDFXPG^XIXMNI NIV^I HIOG OG ^FO^GP. OG OFBIXM\G I QFPHI OÎG QGHF ^FP XIG IDXI QGPYVF I ÉBVI FDI NGOHVU OÎG KVMXG I@IMZG HF 99 F 91 I QGOXI QG^MXM\I OI ÉBVI XFK Y 1 GV OFBIXM\G HIOHG KIM^ YVF M^^G EÉ F^XÉ PVMK I ÉBVI. QGHF F NPMIP FOFPBMI FDFXPG^XI FDFXPG^XIXMNI. OÎG QGH

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F^XPI F^XPIXFBMI XFBMI HG FDFXPG FDFXP G \FOXMDIHGP G OFBIXM\G OFBIXM\G HG ^FO^GP ^FO^ GP HF XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPIXVPI Í NGKQIPXMDJIHG NGK GVXPG^ ^FO^GPF^, QG^MÂIG HI @GP@GDFXI, QFHID HG^F INFDFPIHGP, ^FO^GP KIQ,OF^^F^ ^FO^GP XFKQFPIXVPI HG IP. G ^NIOOFP HFP HFLFMXG ^FO^GPF^ IG K^K XFKQG QGHF MP OG OFBIXM\G HG ^FO^GP HF XFKQFPIXVPI. XFKQFPIXVPI. HMNI5 ^F QFBIP VK NIPPG YVF ^G DMBI ^FBVOHI \FDGNMHIHF HI \FOXGMOJI G QPG@DFKI Í I PF^M^XFONM PF^M^XFONMI. I. YVOHG NJFBI OI XFKQFPIXVPI HF DMBIP I \FOXGOJMOI I NFOXPID PFNF@F G ^MOID HG ^FO^GP HF XFKQFPIXVPI, I NFOXPID IOIDM^I ^F G PFDF F^XÉ NGOFNXIHG. NGKG FDI HFXFNXI ^F G PFDF F^XÉ OG DVBIP5 HG QMOG :6 \FK VK + YVF \FK HG LV^M\FD L0: FEÉ HG KIZVK LV^M\FD, FOXPI OG I02 +, ^F F^XM\FP ^FK PFDF BFPI NGHMBG HF LIDJI ^FK PFDF. YVIOHG I NFOXPID PFNF@F G ^MOID + F IOIDM^I I XFKQFPI XFKQFPIXVPI XVPI FDF XPGNI XPGN I HF + F HF\GD\F QPG PFDF VK OFBIXM\G, NJFBGV „ :< F + :6 LFNJI G NGOXIXG HG PFDF F \IM QPI PF^M^XFONMI F INMGOI I 9µ \FDGNMHIHF. ^F G NIPPG F^XM\FP IYVFNFOHG KIM^ GV NGOHVXGP INMGOIP G IP \ \IM IM QPFNM^IP QP FNM^IP KIM^ HI \FOXGMOJI, \FOXGM OJI, FOXIG I XFKQFPI XFKQF PIXVPI XVPI ^G \IM IDKFOXIP. IDKF OXIP. I NFOXPID FOXFOHF YVF KF^KG NGK I \FOXGMOJI IXM\IHI 9µ \FDGNMHIHF G ^FO^GP MOLGPKI YVF K^K I^^MK NGOXMOVI F^YVFOX F^YVFO XIOHG, FOXIG FOXIG FDI F DI DMBI I 0µ \FDGNMHIHF \FDGN MHIHF

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G K^K F^YVFKI YVF I QPMKFMPI. IXM\I HFQGM^ HI PF^M^XFONMI 90\ HMPFXG. ^F NGOXMOVIP F^YVFOXIOHG IM QGHF ^FP \ID\VDI XFPKG^XIXMNI, EVOXI HF NI@FÂGXF, @GK@I HF ÉBVI. QRK HG FDXPG\FOXMDIHGP QXN; KGHVDG HG NGOXPGDF HG FDXPG \FOXMDIHGP I NFOXPID KIOHI VK ^MOID QPG QXN, XFK X@K VKI IDMKFOXIÂÎG QG^MXM\G >1, F G QXN XFK VK IXFPPIKFOXG. G LMG QG^MXM\G F G OFBIXM\G ^ÎG G^ KIM^ BPG^^G^ G ^MOID F LMOG, ^IM VK LMG HG QXN F \IM QIPI G FDFXPG\FOXMDIHGP VK QG^MXM\G F VK OFBIXM\G. G ^FO^GP HI XFKQFPIXVPI HF ÉBVI \IM MOLGPKIOHG QPI FNV I XFKQFPIXVPI, XFKQFPIXVPI, YVIOHG FDF IXMOBF IXMOBF VO^ 911 9 11 BPIV^ BP IV^ I NFOXPID \IM FO\MIP VK ^MOID QPG KGHVDG QXN, G KGHVDG QXN \IM \IM PFNGOJFNFP P FNGOJFNFP F^^I MOLGPKIÂIG MOLGPKIÂ IG F \IM INMGOIP I \FOXGMOJI, NGK N GK I \FDGNMHIHF HFXFPKMOIHI QFDI NFOXPID. G ^MOID YVF ^IM HI FNV QIPI G QXN Í VK ^MOID NJIKIHG QRK (^MOID QVD^IOXF). ^MOID YVF HI QPI \FP NGK G GNMDG^NGQMG, MOHFQFOHFOXF HG LVONMGOIKFOXG HI \FOXGMOJI FDF \IM \IM KIO KIOXFP XFP 911JU. 911 JU. HFQFOHFOHG HFQFOH FOHG HG XIKIOJG HI GOHI HF QVD^G G QXN FOXFOHF FOXFO HF I \FDGNMHIHF YVF ^F HF\F DMBIP G FDFXPG\FOXMDIHGP. FZFKQDG5 ^F XM\FP I 91% F F^XIHG HF HF^DMBIHG HF^ DMBIHG I QIPXMP QIPXMP HG KGKFOXG YVF QI^^I QIPI 61% QVD^G FDF EÉ XFK VKI PFLFPFONMI HF YVID \FDGNMHIHF DMBIP I \FOXGMOJI. 911JU F NFK \FUF^ G QVD^G. I % HFQFOHF HF YVID QPGBPIKIÂIG G FOBFOJFMPG QPGBPIKGV I NFOXPID. FDFXPG\FOXMDIHGP NGK 99\ GV 90\ LVONMGOIOHG 1,211\ FDF ^F FONGOXPI QIPIHG. QIPIHG.

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LVONMGOIKFOXG HG ^FO^GP HI QG^MÂÎG HI @GP@GDFXI I LVOÂÎG HF^^F ^FO^GP Í MOLGPKIP QPI FNV YVIOXG YVF XI G BPIV HI @GP@GDFXI. I MOLGPKIÂÎG \IM QPI FNV FDI NIDNVDI G XIOXG XIOXG HF IP YVF F^XÉ FOXPIOHG FOXPI OHG FOXIG FDI KIOHI I YVIOXMHIHF HF NGK@V^XM\FD NGPPFXI. G XQ^ NGOXÍK > LMG^ G 6\, ^MOID, F G IXFPPIKFOXG, G ^MOID \IM HF 1,8 I 8, LMG^ KIM^ IOXMBG F G HF 8 LMG^. I LVOÂIG HG ^FO^GP KIQ F ^I@FP YVIOXG G KGXGP XI I^QMPIOHG HF GZMBFOMG, YVIOXG XI G \INVG HG KGXGP, F^^F NIDNVDG F KVMXG MKQGPX M KQGPXIOXF IOXF I NFOXPID QPFNM^I ^I@FP G YVIOXG F^XI FOXPIOHG HF GZMBFOMG OG KGXGP, NGK F^^I MOLGPKÂÎG FDI NIDNVDI G XIOXG HF NGK@V^XM\FD YVF ^FPI MOEFXIHG QFDG @MNG F G ÀOBVDG HI MBOMÂÎG. ^F G ^FO^GP HFP QPG@DFKI I NFOXPID QFPHF XGHI MOLGPKIÂIG F G N NIPPG IPPG LMNI LM NI XGXIDKFOXF XGXIDKFOXF PVMK. PV MK. I GVXPI LVOÂIG HG KIQ F I LVOÂIG @IPMGKFXPMNI, YVIOHG F^XIKG^ OG OM\FD HG KIP XFKG^ VKI QPF^^IG PFID NJIKIKG^ HF VK @IP. YVIOHG ^V@MKG^ HF IDXMXVHF ID XMXVHF G CB OÎG F FZIX FZIXIKFOXF MBVID MB VID OFK G @IP.QGP M^^G G KIQ F MKQGPXIOXF QY FDF NIDNVDI XVHG QPI NFOXPID ^G@PF GZMBFOMG MOHFQFOHFXF HI IDXMXVHF. G KIQ F VK ^FO^GP HVQDG FDF IDFK HF KFHMP G GZMBFOMG XI@FK F ^FO^GP XFKQFPI XFKQ FPIXVPI XVPI HG IP. YVIOHG BFPIP V VK K NGHMBG HF FPPG KIQ IOXF^ HF ^V@^XMXVMP FDF IOIDM^IP XGHG G NIPPG, G YVF XI INGOXFNFOHG, INGOXFNF KVMXG

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YVIOHG G NIPPG XI OI LI^F LI^F LPMI LPM I QPMONMQIDKFOXF QPMONMQIDKFOXF LDFZ, LD FZ, G NGOHVXGP HI QIPXMHI OG NIPPG F EÉ YVFP ^IMP INFDFPIOHG FDF OÎG F^QFPI OG KMOMKMG >1 ^FBVOHG^ IYVFNFP, HIM YVIOHG FDF QM^I HF VKI \FU HI VK F^XGVPG OG NGDFXGP F^^F F^XGVPG F NJIKIHG HF @INC LMPF YVF F VK NGOXPI, G ^FO^GP FDF KFHF HFQPF^^IG FDF KFHF G \INVG YVF XI FOXPIOHG IM YVIOHG INGOXFNF G @INC LMPF FDF \MPI VK ^FO^GP QG^MXM\G IM FDF OÎG XI KFHMOHG \INVG \INVG FDF FD F XI XI KFHMOHG QPF^^IG QPF^ ^IG IM BFPI NGH H HF F LIDJI. IDBVO^ NGDFXGP HF QDI^XMNG F^XGVPI GVXPG^ NGDFXGP XFK VKI \ID \ID\VDI \VDI FK@IMZG YVIOHG INGOXFNF G @INCLMPF FDI I@PF OÎG HFMZIOHG G NGDFXPG FZQDGHMP. G NIPPG NJFBGV OI GLMNMOI HFV NGH HF KIQ, QPMKFMPIKFOXF QPMKFMPI KFOXF XF^XIP I IDMKFOXIÂÎG IDMKFOXIÂÎG HFDF. XF^XIP G KIQ XF^XIP KFHMP VK HG^ LMG^ FDF \IM HIP 6\ OFBIXM\G ^FKQPF HI 1 FK XGHG^ ^FO^GPF^ G@^5 I^ \FUF^ G FPPG HG KIQ INGOXFNF QY I QGOXI QGOXI YVF LMNI OG NGDFXGP ^VEI HF GDFG, DMKQIP FDI NGK BI^GDMOI. OGPKIDKFOXF G ^FO^GP KIQ LMNI FK 811K@IP ^F XM\FP HIOHG FPPG F PPG HG H G KIQ XF^XIP I IDMKFOXINIG ^F G NIPPG F^XM\FP PVMK \FP ^F G KIQ OÎG F^XÉ I@IMZG I@IMZG HF 811 K@IP >61 GV KFOGP, QGHF XFP LMDXPG HF IP FOXVQMHG. ^F XM\FP I KIM^ HF 811 QGHFPMIKG^ XFP G QPG@DFKI HF ^MONPGOM^KG HF KGXGP GV \ID\VDI QPF^I GV IXF OG INFOXIKFOXG HI \ID\VDI. YVIOHG LGP QPG@DFKI HF ^MONPGOM^KG ^MONPGOM ^KG OG O G KGXGP \IM \IM F^XIP IDXFPIHG IDXFPIHG G KIQ F G XFKQG HF MOEFÂIG, G NIPPG F^XIPI LGPI HF QGOXG. ^fosgr hf rgtiâîg mohutmvg I luoâîg hg sfosgr hf rgtiâîg í molgrkir i nfotrid quf g kgtgr fsté ngkfâiohg i fotrir fk luonmgoikfotg. I nfotrid ngk fssi molgrkiâîg vim lizfr tghi fstritíbmi hf luonmgoikfotg hg kgtgr.

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I PGHI LGOMNI I KIMGPMI HI^ \FUF^ \IM QPI LGPI HG KGXGP, FZM^XF KGXGPF^ QPMONMQIDKFOXF HI BK YVF LMNI HFOXPG HG KGXGP QFPXG HG \MPI@PFYVMK. G ^FO^GP HF PGXIÂÎG NPMI VK NIKQG KIBOFXMNG NGLGPKF I PGHI LGOMNI BMPIOHG, FDI XFK HFOXF^ YVIOHG G HFOXF HFDI Í KIMGP I IXPIÂÎG HG MKÎ F KIMGP F YVIOHG G HFOXF Í KFOGP I IXPIÂÎG Í KFOGP.M^^G \IM NPMIP VKI FZNMXIÂÎG OG MKÎ F Í NGK M^^G YVF I NFOXPID FOXFOHF YVIDIDXFPOIHI I PGXIÂÎGIHG KGXGP. G ^FO^GP BFPI\IM VK ^MOID XFO^ÎG LPFYVÅONMI HF^^F ^MOID HFQFOHFP HI \FDGNMHIHF HI PGHI LGOMNI. I HM^XÀONMI HG ^FO^GP NGK I PGHI LGOMNI OÎG QGHF ^FP KIMGP YVF 1,2KK, I^ \FUF^ G \MP@PFYVMK XFK LGDBI F LMNI HM^XIOXF F G NIPPG NJFBI I OÎG QFBIP. > LMG^, 9 OFBIXM\G F 0 ^MOID XF^XF HG ^FO^GP

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G QPMKFMPG XF^XF5 NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG FK GJK^ NGDGNIP OG^ LMG^ HF ^MOID, G \IDGP HF PFLFPFONMI Í +/91:1 GJK^ NGK 91% HF XGDFPIONMI. ^F NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG OG QMOG XFPPI F HFP IDBVK \IDGP G ^FO^GP F^XÉ NGK QPG@DFKI. NGK G ^FO^GP NGOFNXIHG HIP QIPXMHI F XF^XIP LPFYVFONMI G ^MOID F HF VO^ =61 JU. QPG NIPPG QFBIP XFK YVF XFP QFDG KFOG^ VKI XFO^ÎG HF 1,:\, ^F XM\FP KFOG^ YVF M^^G OÎG QFBI. ^FO^GP HF PGXIÂÎG XMQG JIDD G^ ^FO^GPF^ XMQG JIDD F G MOHVXM\G ^ÎG QIPFNMHG^ XFK I^ KF^KI^ NIPINXFPM^XMNI^, QGPFK G LVONMGOIKFOXG Í XGXIDKFOXF HMLFPFOXF. G ^FO^GP MOHVXM\G FDF OÎG XFK IDMKFOXIÂÎG, EÉ G ^FO^G JIDD FDF XFK IDMKFOXIÂÎG F OFBIXM\G OI KIMGPMI HG^ NIPPG^, XFK NIPPG^ J]VOHMI NIPPG^ MKQGPXIHG^ MKQGPXIHG^ YVF V^IK V^I K VKI \GDX \GDXIBFK K KFOGP FOGP VO^ VO ^ >\. G ^FO^GP XMQG MOHVXM\G BFPI ^VI QPGQPMI FOFPBMI G JIDD QPFNM^I HF IDMKFOXIÂIG IDMKFOXIÂIG QPI QP I LIUFP LIUFP ^FV XPI@IDJG. XPI@IDJG.   G JIDD BFPI ^MOID GOHI YVIHPIHG G MOHVXM\G BFPI ^MOID ^FOGMHI ^FOGMH I XFO^ÎG ID IDXFPOIHI. XFPOIHI. IG KGKFOXG YVF NJFBI G OFBIXM\G OFBIXM\G F G 6\ OG O G ^FO^GP FDF NGKFÂI NGKFÂ I I IOIDM^IP ^F I PGHI LGOMNI F^XÉ QIPIHG GV PGHIOHG.

^FO^GP HF LI^F

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G ^FO^GP ^FO^G P HF LI^F MOLGPKI MOL GPKI QPI NFOXPID I GPHFK HF LI^IBFK HG^ NMDMOHPG^ NMDM OHPG^ QIPI I MOEFÂÎG HG^ @MNG^ MOEFXGPF^. G ^FO^GP HF LI^F Í HG XMQG JIDD QIPFNMHG NGK G ^FO^GP HF PGXIÂÎG. FDF Í NGKQG^XG QGP > LMG^ 6\, OFBIXM\G F ^MOID, G ^MOID HFQFOHF HG^ HFOXF^ HG NGKIOHG HF \ID \ID\VDI \VDI XFK NIPPG^ YVF XFK 9 HFOXF, GVXPG^ > HFOXF^ F GVXPG^ 8 HFOXF^ F I^ \FUF^ F^^F^ HFOXF^ XFK XIKIOJG HMLFPFOXF^. XF^XF^5 XF^XIP NGK I NJI\F DMBIHI ^F XFK OFBIXM\G F 6\, OG LMG ^MOID NGK G NIPPG LVONMGOIOHG XFK YVF NJFBIP VK QVD^G \IDGPF^ \IPMIOHG FK \GDXU. I QIPXMP HG^ NIPPG^ 011= IQÞ^ XPGNIP NGPPFMI GV NGPPFOXF I FNV QFPHF I OGÂIG HG^ ^FO^GPF^ HF PGXIÂIG F LI^F NIV^IOHG VK FPPG, IM XFK YVF ^MONPGOMUIP G^ HGM^ QFDG ^NIOOFP. OG NGKIOHG XFK HGM^ HFOXF^ QFYVFOG^ F HGM^ BPIOHF^. ^FO^GP KIL GV ^FO^GP HF LDVZG HF IP I LVOÂÎG HG ^FO^GP KIL Í IOIDM^IP I YVIOXMHIHF HF GZMBFOMG YVF F^XÉ FOXPIOHG OG KGXGP, F^^I MOLGPKÂÎG Í KVMXG MKQGPXIOXF QPI FNV, NGK F^^I MOLGPKÂÎG FDI ^I@F G YVIOXG HF NGK@V^XM\FD \IM ^FP MOEFXIHG F G I\IOÂG HF MBOMÂÎG. FZM^XFK NIPPG^ YVF XFK ^FO^GP KIL GV ^FO^GP KIQ, G^ NIPPG^ KIM^ OG\G^ XÅK G^ HGM^, QGM^ LMNI VK NIDNVDG KVMXG KIM^ QPFNM^G. FZM^XF ^FO^GP KIL YVF G^NMDI G^N MDI I LPFYVFONMI GVXPG^ I XFO^IG F GVXPG^ NGPPFOXF. ^FO^GP KIL LMNI OI KIOBVFMPI YVF ^IM HG LMDXPG LMD XPG F \ \IM IM QPG NGPQG HF @GP@GDFXI. FZFKQDG OG GOMZ G ^FO^GP HF XFKQFPIXVPI OÎG F^XÉ EVOXG NGK G KIQ F ^MK OG KIL. OG NI^G HI LGPH Í NGPPFOXF FDI V^I VKI PF^M^XFONMI PF^M^XFONM I YVIOHG G GZMBFOMG QI^^I \IM \IM PF^LPMIOHG PF^L PMIOHG F^^I PF^M^XFONMI, PF^M^XFONM I, I^ \FUF^ FDI ^VEI F I DFMXVPI LMNI HMLMNMFD F G NIPPG LMNI IKIPPIHG. YVIOHG G ^NIOOFP HFP FPPG OG KIL IOIDM^IP I KIOBVFMPI HG LMDXPG F \FP ^F G LMDXPG HF IP OÎG F^XÉ FOXVQMHG.

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^FO^GP HF HFXGOIÂÎG I LVOÂÎG HF^^F ^FO^GP Í \FPMLMNIP ^F XFK IDBG HF FPPIHG NGK G KGXGP, ^F XFK VKI @IXMHI HMLFPFOXF @IXMHI HF QMOG GV QPF HFXGOIÂÎG.NGK F^^I MOLGPKIÂÎG I FNV NGO^FBVF IHMIOXIP GV IXPI^IP G I\IOÂG HF MBOMÂÎG. G ^FO^GP HF HFXGOIÂÎG LMNI OG @DGNG HG KGXGP FK VKI IPFI F^XPIXFBMNI F^XPIXFBMNI GOHF FDF NGO^FBVF NGO ^FBVF NIQXIP MOLGPKIÂÎG HG^ 8 QM^XGF^. G ^FO^GP FDF Í QMFUG FDFXPMNG FDF G^NMDI NGOLGPKF I \M@PIÂÎG. G QIPILV^G HFDF OÎG QGHF ^FP KVMXG IQFPXIHG OG KIZMHG 0CB HF IQFPXG, I QPF MBOMÂÎG MBO MÂÎG INGOXFNF IOXF^ HI NFOXFDJI HI \FDI, HIM INGOXFONF HVI^ MBOMÂÎG I HI \FDI F QPF MBOMÂÎG GOHF INGOXFNF G @IPVDJG NI^XIOJIHG, G ^FO^GP \IM NIQXIOHG F^^F @IPVDJG.HF QGHF GNGPPFP IFQPF MBOMÂÎG HF HVI^ LGPKI^5 LMNI VK NIP\ÎG FK NMKI HG QM^XIG NGKVK HG NGK@V^XM\FD, F ^F F^^I F^QF^^VPI HG NIP\ NIP \IG F^XM\FP F^XM \FP KVMXG KV MXG IDXG IDXG LMNI VKI^ DI^NI^ YVIOHG G QM^XIG F^XI NGKQPMKMOHG G GZMBFOMG F G NGK@V^XM\FD INGOXFNF VKI QPF MBOMNIG, HIM INGOXFNF G @IPVDJG F G ^FO^GP KIOHI QPI FNV YVF XI LIUFOHG VK @IPVDJG HMLFPFOXF. I NFOXPI IXPI^I IXPI^I G QGOXG HI MBOMNIG M BOMNIG QPI F^LPMIP I NI@FÂI HG QM^XIG INGOXFNFOHG M^^G G NIP\ NIP\IG IG \IM ^F ^GDXIP F \IM ^IM QFDI \ID\VDI HF F^NIQ. ^FBVOHI ^MXVIÂIG Í5 INGOXFNF YVIOHG \N F^XÉ V^IOHG VK

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NGK@V^XM\ FD NGK IDX NGK@V^XM\FD IDXI GNXIOIBFK GNXIOIBFK M^^G INGOXFNF KVMXG FK NIPPG^ LDFZ. G ^FO^GP HF HFXGOIÂIG BFPI ^VI QPGQPMI FOFPBMI. @G@MOI HF MBOMÂÎG OI \FPHIHF, G OGKF \FPHIHFMPG HI @G@MOI Í XPIO^LGPKIHGP HF XFO^ÎG, QY FDI XPIO^LGPKI VKI QFYVFOI FOFPBMI FK VKI IDXI FOFPBMI. FOFPBMI. @G@MOI @G@MO I ^M^XFKI HM^ (LIM^NI QFPHMHI). FDI VXMDMUI > LMG^ HF FOXPIHI. VK HG^ LMG^ Í QG^XM\MG 90\ GV XFO^ÎG HG IDXFPOIHGP F G^ GVXPG^ 0 ^ÎG ^MOID, NIHI ^MOID QIPI 0 QGDG^ HI @G@MOI NJFBI G ^MOID OI @G@MOI FDI XPIO^LGPKI NGK QPMKIPMG F ^FNVOHIPMG ^FNVOH IPMG QPI Q PI NI^I HF >1 KMD KM D \GDX^.YVIOHG \GDX^.YVIOHG I @G@MOI KIOHI G^ \GDX^ \GDX^ QPI \FDI NJFBI VO^ 96C F KGKFOXG HF HF FZQDG^ÎG QI^^I QFDG NI@FÂGXF QFDG XFPPI F \IM \IM QPI Q PI GVXPI \FDIFK HG^HF^NGKQPF^^ÎG QM^XGF^ BFKFG^HIM NGK VKI0C LGPÂI QY FDF F^XI QI^^I F G KFOGP PF^XIOXF \GDXI QPI @G@MOI. YVIOHG HI FPPG HF @G@MOI GV HF FZQDG^ÎG Í QY I \FDI F^XI BI^XI F I @G@MOI PFNF@F KIM^ PFXGPHG HF \GDXU GV KFOG^ PFXGPOG. I @G@MOI 8 LMG^ Í VK QG^MXM\G VK OFBIXM\G F HGM^ ^MOIM^. @G@MOI MOHM\MHVID YVIOHG LGP @G@MOI MOHM\MHVID Í VKI QGP NMDMOHPG, FDI FDMKMOI G NI@G NI@ G HI \FDI, YVIOHG I @G@MOI XM\FP QPMKIPMG NGK HGM^ LMG^ VK Í QG^MXM\G F VK ^MOID. YVIOHG LGP > QMOG^ VK QG^MXM\G VK OFBIXM\G F VK ^MOID.NIPPG^ INMKI INMKI HF 011= NGK @G@MOI^ MOHM\MHVIM^ XPI@IDJIK NGK ^MOID HMBMXID, ^MOID HMBMXID Í VK ^MOID QPGNF^^IHGP QFDI FNV @FK QFYVFOG, OÎG Í VK ^MOID QGXFONMI YVIOHG \N XFK VK ^MOID QGXFONMI \N NJFBI NJ FBI I XFP VK F^QFDJG HG ^FNVOHIPMG HI @G@MOI QY FDI BFPI VK NIKQG KIBOFXMNG KVMXG IDXG. YVIOHG \N XFK VKI @G@MOI NGK ^MOID HMBMXID FDI XFK VKI XFNOGDGBMI KVMXG I\ I\IOÂIHI IGOHF NGK QFYVFOG ^MOID \N NGO^FBVF INMGOIP VKI BPIOHF XFO^IG.I @G@MOI BFPI VK NIKQG KIBOFXMNG KVMXG IDXG IDXG NGK VKI QMOÂI NGQ] NGO^FBVMKG^ \FP ^F I \FDI XI BI^XI.

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@MNG^ MOEFXGPF^ I LVOÂIG HG @MNG MOEFXGP Í MOEFXIP NGK@V^XM\FD, FDF PFNF@F I MOLGPKIÂIG HI NFOXPID F FLFXVI G XPI@IDJG. \FPMLMNIP NGK NIPPG DMBIHG ^F NJFBI QG^MXM\G F QVD^G. QGHF ^F XF^XIP G QVD^G NGK NIOFXI HF QGDIPMHIHF GV FK LPFYVFONMI OG KVDXMKFXPG. ^F OÎG XM\FP NJFBIOHG QVD^G OG @MNG QGHF ^FP HFLFMXG HF NJMNGXF, HFLFMXG HF KGHVDG HI MOEFÂÎG GV HG QPGQPMG @MNG MOEFXGP. ^F G @MNG F^XM\FP NGK QPG@DFKI I NFOXPID FOXFOHF YVF OÎG XFK @MNG DI FOXÎG FDI OÎG KIOHI QVD^G. X@K OÎG NJFBIP QVD^G OG @MNG QGHF ^FP QIPXF HF MBOMÂÎG NI@G \FDI, ^F I \FDI OÎG XM\FP LVONMGOIOHG GV NI@G I NFOXPID NGPXI G QVD^G HG @MNG. ^F OÎG NJFBIP QVD^G FK OFOJVK HG^ @MNG^, F G NIPPG OÎG QFBI IM QGHF ^FP ^FO^GP HF PGXIÂÎG, ^FO^GP HF LI^F, IDMKFOXIÂÎG HF PFDF. XF^XIP PF^M^XFONMI PF^M ^XFONMI NGK KVDXMKFXPG. KVDXMKFXPG. XF^XIP XF^XIP I PF^M^XFONMI ^FKQPF NGK G @MNG YVFOXF. G XFKQG HF MOEFÂÎG HG @MNG Í > I >,6K^ ^F F^XM\FP INMKI HM^^G G NIPPG XI HIOHG FZNF^^G, F I NFOXPID XFOXI NGOXPGDI M^^G. FDFXPG \ID\VDI HG NIOM^XFP I FDFXPG \ID\VDI HG NIOM^XFP Í KVMXG MKQGPXIOXF QIPI G LVONMGOIKFOXG HG KGXGP. YVIOHG G XIOYVF HF NGK@V^XM\FD F^XÉ NGK BI^GDMOI FDI ^GDXI \IQGPF^ F FDF^ ^ÎG PMNG^ FK JMHPGNIP@GOFXG^. IOXMBIKFOXF F^^F^ BI^F^ FPIK EGBIHG^ OI IXKG^LFPI, JE M^^G EÉ OÎG QGHF GNGPPFP KIM^. I FDFXPG \ID \ID\VDI \VDI HG NIOM^XFP NIOM ^XFP X@K Í NJIKIHG NJIKI HG HF NIOM^XFP. FZM^XF VK PF^FP\I PF^FP\IXGPMG NGK LMDXPG HF NIP\IG IXM\IHG, FDF Í HM\MHMHG QGP > NIKIHI^ I QPMKFMPI Í DM\PF I HG KFMG NGK NIP\IG IXM\IHG F I VDXMKI DM\PF. G^ BI^F^ ^IMFK HG XIOYVF F FOXPI OF^^F PF^FP PF^F P\IXGPMG HF^^F HF^^ F PF^FP\ P F^FP\I IXGPMG \IM QPG NIOM^XFP NIOM ^XFP F I \ID\VDI HG NIOM^XFP \IM DMBIHI OG KGXGP HFQGM^ HI @GP@GDFXI. I \ID\VDI NIOM^XFP XFK VOMNDFG HG ^GDFOGMHF F I^ @G@MOI^, YVIOHG I @G@MOI Í FOFPBMUIHI I ^GDFOGMHF I@PF QFPKMXMOHG YVF G^ BI^F^ QI^^F^K F ^FEIK NGO^VKMHG^ QFDG KGXGP HFQGM^ HI @GP@GDFXI. QPI INMGOI I FDFXPG \ID\VDI FZM^XFK 0 LMG^ G + F G

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^MOID QVD^IOXF. \FPMLMNIP ^FKQPF ^F FDI F^XI @FK \FHIHI QGM^ ^F OÎG G BI^ \IM LMNIP FOXPIOHG OG KGXGP F FDF \IM LMNIP NGK I KIPNJI DFOXI MO^XI\FD, \FPMLMNIP ^F FDI F^XI LVONMGOIOHG, QY ^F NJFBIP QG^MXM\G F FDI OÎG LVONMGOIP \IM ^IXVPIP G PF^FP\IXGPMG F \IM LMNIP GHGP HF BI^GDMOI. BI^ GDMOI. OGPKIDKFOXF F^^I \ID \ID\VDI \VDI F INMGOIHI YVIOHG G NIPPG F^XÉ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^FO^GP HF \FDGNMHIHF I LVOÂÎG HG ^FO^GP HF \FDGNMHIHF Í MOLGPKIP QPI NFOXPID QPG QIMOFD F QPI GVXPG^ YVF QPFNM^IK HI MOLGPKIÂIG YVIOXG^ CK/J F^XI G NIPPG.G^ NIPPG^ NGK I@^ QFBI G ^MOID HI PGHI F X@K HI NIMZI HF NIK@MG5 G ^FO^GP XFK > LMG^ VK QG^MXM\G VK OFBIXM\G F VK ^MOID HF PGX PG XIÂÎG XMQG JIDD. XF^XIP NGK NIOFXI NIOFXI HF QGDIPMHIHF. \FP ^F NJFBI QG^MXM\G, \FP ^F XFK OFBIXM\G, F G LMG QVD^G YVF OI KIMGPMI HI^ \FUF^ Í G HG KFMG NGK I NJI\F DMBIHI ^FKQPF PGHI I PGHI. ^GOHI DIK@HI ^GOHI DIK@HI QPMONMQID, ^GOHI QÞ^ NIXIDM^IHGP, NIXIDM^IHGP, IL F QGPNFOXIBFK HF FXIOGD. I LVOÂÎG HI ^GOHI DIK@HI Í FZIKMOIP FZIKM OIP I YVIOXMHIHF HF GZMBÅOMG YVF XI ^IMOHG QFDG F^NIQIKFOXG. NGK F^^I MOLGPKIÂÎG I FNV \IM KGOXIP VKI F^XPIXFBMI QIPI YVF G KGXGP XFOJI VK LVONMGOIKFOXG QFPLFMXG. KIPNJI DFOXI, PFOHMKFOXG, YVF^XÎG HF INFDFPIÂÎG F QPMONMQIDKFOXF OG^ NIPPG^ LDFZ YVF V^IP ^GOHI QDIOIP I NFOXPID \IM \IM HFLMOMP HFLM OMP YVF YV F XMQG HF NGK@V^XM\FD F^XÉ ^FOHG ^ FOHG V^IHG V^ IHG ^F F IDNGGD GV BI^GDMOI BI^ GDMOI IXPI IXPI\F^ \F^ HF^^I MOLGPKÂIÖ KIOHIHI QFDI ^GOHI. I ^GOHI 9 XFK YVF G^NMDI F I ^GOHI 0 XFK YVF LMNIP ^FK G^NMDIÂÎG. ^F G^NMDI I ^FBVOHI ^GOHI QPG@DFKI OG NIXIDM^IHGP G^ NIPPG^ OG\G^ QGHFK QFPHFP IXF >1% HF LGPÂI ^F HFP QPG@DFKI NDFOXI IXIDM^IHGP. ^FKQPF LIUFP G XF^XF XF^ XF FK 0611PQK QYOG OINI DFOX I QGHF LMNIP L MNIP XPI\ XPI\ IHI. PFDIÂÎG IL YVIOHG G NIPPG F^XÉ KIPNIOHG =.11 F^XÉ NGK IDNGGD F YVIOHG KIPNI 9>.0 G NIPPG F^XÉ NGK BI^GDMOI HMLFPFOXF HM^^G QGHF F^XIP KM^XVPIHG G NGK@V^XM\FD. jttps5//ipirfnmhggdmvfmri.`dgbspgt.ngk/0191/1>/tfstf-hi-sgohi-dik`hi-dsu-ngk-g.jtkd sgohi wmhf `ioh

NIPPG OÎG QFBI

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QPMKFMPI NGM^I I ^F IOIDM^IP YVIOHG G NIPPG OÎG QFBI F \FP ^F ^ F I DVU HI MOEFÂÎG F^XÉ INF^I. ^F \N DMBIP I NJI\F NJI \F F OÎG INFOHFP I DVU HI MOEFÂÎG F QY I NFOXPID OÎG F^XÉ PFNFOHG IDMKFOXIÂÎG. OI IVDI FDF GDJGV G F^YVFKI FDFXPMNG F LGM IOIDM^IOHG I^ IDMKFOXIÂGF^ NJFBGV OG LV^M\FD F^XI\I NGK \GDXU(OG \GDXU @IMZG @IMZ G XF^XGV G PFDF 9,=\ QPMONMQ QPM ONMQID ID FPI FDF NGK QPG@DFKI LV^M\FD NJFBI\I OI \FPHIHF XFK YVF NJFBIP 90\). \FPMLMNIOHG IDMKFOXIÂÎG F ^MOID @G@MOI F @MNG MOEFXGP FZM^XFK IDBVO^ NIPPG^ YVF ^Þ NJFBI + OI @G@MOI HIOHG QIPXMHI. ^F OÎG NJFBIP QG^MXM\G OI @G@MOI \FPMLMNIP LV^M\FD F PFDF ^F F^XM\FPFK GC QGHF ^FP NJMNGXF. XF^XIP G ^MOID NGK NIOFXI HG QGDIPMHIHF. QIPI XF^XIP VK LV^M\FD XMPIP FDF HG NIPPG NGDGNIP G KVDXMKFXPG FK HMGBG GV PF^M^XFONMI F OG KVDXMKFXPG XFK YVF UFPIP. @MNG MOEFXGP5 KF^KG F^YVFKI YVF I @G@MOI. ^F IDBVK @MNG OÎG F^XM\FP QVD^IOHG F G^ GVXPG^ ^MK QGHF ^FP YVF FDF YVFMKGV QGPYVF \N QGHF INJIP YVF G QPG@DFKI Í I NFOXPID, QGPFK FDF QGHF F^XIP YVFMKIHG F I NFOXPID FOXFOHF YVF ^F FDF F^XÉ NGK HFLFMXG QY KIOHIP ^MOID QPI FDF. ^F VKI \FDI F^XM\FP PVMK OÎG HIOHG LIM^NI G ^VLMNMFOXF, G ^FO^GP HF HFXGOIÂIG KIOHI MOLGPKIÂÎG QPI NFOXPID YVF FDI F^XÉ PVMK FDI NGPXI G ^MOID HG @MNG MOEFXGP HIYVFDI \FDI. IDMKFOXIÂÎG HI @GK@I HF NGK@V^XË\FD XF^XF IDMKFOXIÂÎG XF^XIP XF^X IP I IDMKFOXIÂÎG IDMKFOXIÂÎG HI @GK@I OG NGOFNXGP NG OFNXGP + F „  ^FKQPF XF^XIP NGK G NGOFNXGP NGOFNXIHG OI @GK@I, QGPYVF LGPI \N QGHF OÎG O ÎG OGXIP KID NGOXI NGOXIXG HG PFDF F HG LV^M\FD.

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XMPIP G PFDF F XF^XIP OI NIMZI HF LV^M\FD G QG^MXM\G :6 F G OFBI OFBIXM\G XM\G :1 F :2 OGPKIDKFOXF I @GK@I NGO^GKF 8 I GPMBMOID, I @GK@I QIPIDFDI \IM QPI : I X@K GNGPPF HG QMOG HFPPFXFP. XF^XF QPF^^ÎG HI @GK@I \FP YVIOXG^ @IP HI NGK NIPPG DMBIHG HFQGM^ LFNJIP I \ID\VDI F \IM HIP QPF^^IG KIZMKI HI @GK@I, G NIPPG \IM KGPPFP, HVPIOXF 91 KMOVXG^ OÎGIG QGHF NIMP I QPF^^ÎG ^FOIG I \ID \ID\VDI \VDI HF PFXFONIG PFXFON F^XÉ NGK HFLFMXG, I^ \FUF^ G NIPPG LMNI PVMK HF QFBIP. XF^XF \IUIG IOHIOHG NGK G NIPPG LMNI IKIPPIHG YVIOXG KIM^ INFDFPI KIM^ IKIPPI, XF^XIP NGK KIOGKFXPG NIPPG IOHIOHG ^F HFP G NGPXF HG KGXGP \FP ^F I QPF^^ÎG NIM. ^F OÎG LIUFP EVKQFP OG PFDF XMPIP I KIOBVFMPI HI @GK@I F \FP ^F HIP 6DX^ QGP KMOVXG FK VK PFNMQMFOXF. KGXGP QIPXMHI LPMG I @GK@I HG QIPXMHI I LPMG OÎG XFK VKI \ID\VDI YVF F\MXI YVF LMYVF ^IMOHG NGK@V^XM\FD, QGP M^^G FZM^XF I ^GDFOGMHF. QIPI G Q QIPXMHI IPXMHI LPMG LVONMGOIP L VONMGOIP XFK X FK YVF F^XIP F^X IP I VKI XFKQFPIXVPI XFKQFPIXVPI I@IMZG HF 92 BP BPIV^ IV^ F :6% HF FXIOGD. ^F LGP IL =,:%. HFQFOHFOHG HG ^M^XFKI XFK YVF F^XIP I@IMZG HF 96 BPIV^.

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XF^XF KGXGXP QIPXMHI LPMG LIUFP QFDG ^NIOOFP GV EVKQFP QFDG PFDF QFDG PFDF EVKQFIP OI NIMZI HF PFDF G >1 F :2 ^FK G PFDF, ^F IQÞ^ G XF^XF OÎG LVONMGOIP \FPMLMNIP IDMKFOXIÂÎG @GK@I F ^GDFOGMHF F \FP ^MOID HI NFOXPID. ^M^XFKI F-LDFZ F^^F ^M^XFKI ^M ^XFKI KIM^ OG\G HF Q QIPXMHI IPXMHI LPMG OÎG O ÎG V^I PF^FP\IXGPMG, FDF V^I VK IYVFNFHGP YVF LMNI QFPXG HG^ @MNG^ @M NG^ HFOXPG HFO XPG HI LDIVXI. XFK VKI DIKQIHI DIKQIHI OG QIMOFD HF QIPXMHI I LPMG, YVIOHG XI KVMXG LPMG G KGXGP HF QIPXMHI QIPXMHI OÎG LVONMGOI LVONM GOI XFK YVF F^QFPIP F^QFPI P HF > I : ^FBVOHG^ IXF IXF FDF IYVFNFP G NGK@V^XM\FD NGK@V ^XM\FD I :1 BPIV^, BP IV^, F^^F ^M^XFK XFK VK KGHVDG X@K.

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MOEFÂÎG HMPFXI F^^F ^M^XFKI OÎG XFK QIPXMHI LPMG OFOJVK, OG NIPPG MOEFÂIG HMPFXI I QPF^^IG HG NGK@V^XM\FD Í KVMXG KIM^ IDX ID XI YVF G NIPPG OGPKID Í HF 81@IP 81 @IP I >61 @IP. @ IP. I NFOXPID G@^FP\I YVF LPMG FDI ^G@F I QPF^^IG NGK@V^XM\FD I^^MK FDFXI LMNI YVI^F \IQGP. I XIZI HG HF NGKQPF^^IG HG KGXGP HF NIPPG^ NGK MOEFÂIG HMPFXI Í KIMGP HG YVF G^ NIPPG^ OGPKIM^.

NIPPG OÎG QFBI (^FO^GP HF PGXIÂÎG) QPMKFMPI NGM^I I ^F LIUFP LIUFP OG ^FO^GP HF H F PGXIÂIG YVIOHG G NIPPG OÎG QFBI Í KFHMP I PF^M^XFONMI HFDF. G ^FO^GP NGOXÍK > LMG^ ^FOHG VK HFDF^ IXFPPIKFOXG HI

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KIDJI, FOXIG ^F \N NGDGNIP OF^^F^ LMG^ F HF 1 FDF F^XÉ FK NVPXG.OG \MHFG HFV VK \IDGP HF 901: GJK PF^M^XFONMI PF^M^XFONM I G NFPXG NFPXG Í \FP YVIOXG F G \IDGP NGPPFXG NGP PFXG YVF XFK Y HIP OIYVFDF NIPPG. DFK@PIOHG YVF F^^I PF^M^XFONMI HF 211 I 9,:1 Í I QI^XMDJI NGPPFXI QPI QI^^IP DÀKMOI HF8,16-1,06; 81. MKG@MDMUIHGP Í VK ^M^XFKI IOXM-LVPX IOXM-LVPXG G YVIO YVIOHG HG \N NGDGNI VKI NJI\F NJI\F FPPIHI G NIPPG NIP PG OÎG LVONMGOI. YVIOHG \N DMBI I NJI\F NJI\F I IOXFOI NPMI VK NIKQG KIBOFXMNG, NPMIHG NGK VKI NFPXI LPFYVFONMI YVF \IM INMGOIP G XPIO^QGOHFP HI NJI\F. FDF I\M^I I IOXFOI G NGHMNG YVF NGOXFK OG XPIO^QGOHFP,, I IOXFOI KIOHI G NGHMBG QPI FNV HG XPIO^QGOHFP MKG@MDMUIHGP FDI IOIDM^I ^F F^XÉ NGPPFXG F^^F NGHMBG,

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^F F^XM\FP NGPPFXG FDI KIOHI ^MOID QPI FNV HI MOEFÂÎG. G^ ^MOIM^ JGEF ^ÎG NPMQGXGBPILIHG^ NIHI \FU YVF NGDGNI NGDG NI I NJI\F NJI\F Í VK V K NGHMHG NGHMH G HMLFPFOXF.XFK HMLFPF OXF.XFK KGHFDG^ YVF Y VF YVIOHG I DVU HG MKG@MDMUIHGP IQIBI OG QIMOFD Í QY XI NGK QPG@DFKI^. QP G@DFKI^. XFK ^M^XFKI^ YVF YVIOHG GNGPPF G FPPG HG MKG@MDMUIHGP \N QGHF PFNGOLMBVPIP OG KF^KG XPIO^QGOHFP GVXPG^ \N XÅK YVF XPGNIP G XPIO^QGOHFP. F ^FKQPF NGHMLMNIP I NJI\F PF^FP\I. PF^FP\ I. G NGHMBG \FK NGK VK NIPXIG NIPXIG EVOXG NGK G NIPPG, OÎG NGOLVHI VK NGHMBG YVF \FK —NJI\F F VK NGHMBG‛ QY F^^F NGHMBG OÎG F HG XPIO^QGOHFP F ^MK G NGHMBG KFNIOMNG HI NJI\F. NJI\F. EVOXG NGK I ^FOJI X@K LMNI LMN I G OVKFPG HG NJI^^M^. LMNI XVHG DMBIHG QIMOFD HF MO^XPVKFOXG^, @NK. I FNV HG MKG@MDMUIHGP QGHF F^XIP HFOXPG HG QIMOFD HF MO^XPVKFOXG^, HG @NK HFQFOHFOHG HG NIPPG, HFQFOHFOHG QPMONMQIDKFOXF NIPPG BK I NFOXPID HG MKG@. F EVOXG NGK I IOXFOI.

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