Download Informe Visita Al Central Hidroelectrica de San Gaban...
SDGZCVPGLNL NDLGDN DÇP\EV @Î@CVCP ZCIÎP^SC_ JN@SI\NL LC GDKCDGCVÁNP W @GCD@GNP RSVNP CP@SCIN RVEJCPGEDNI? GDKCDGCVÁN @GZGI
\VNFNOE CD@NVKNLE ZGPG\N N IN @CD\VNI MGLVECIC@\VG@N LC PND KNFND @SVPE? @EDP\VS@@GEDCP GG LE@CD\C? GDK. @ME^SC VSCINP KELEJVCLE Rrcscdtnle per? ANVED @EN^SGVN VSFCD LNVGE WSOVN @MSVN LCDDGP @MVGP\GND @S\GRN MSNW@MNKGDN EP@NV
PCACP\VC? ZGG PC@@GÐD‑F‑ Rude ‐ Rcrÿ Rcrÿ 62>7 ‐ GG
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
LCLG@N\EVGN N Lges per ins fcdlg`gedcs rc`gfglns n ie inrke lc ducstrns vglns, n ducstres qucrgles pnlrcs qugcdcs mnd sgle, y scrîd ci pginr judlnacdtni lc ducstrn cxgstcd`gn, su cocapie lc vgln, npeye gd`edlg`gedni, `edscoes y naer jgigni mn jeronle cd ducstre cspárgtu iu`mnler pnrn vcd`cr ins nlvcrsglnlcs `edtgduns, n ducstres mcrandes per scr pnrtc lc cstn iu`mn lgnrgn, y quc sed in jucdtc lc cspcrndzn pnrn iicknr n in `ÿspglc lc ducstrns actns. Lclg`naes cstc trnfnoe n ducstres pnlrcs, per su npeye gd`edlg`gedni, per mnfcrdes npeynle cd ies aeacdtes aîs lgjá`gics. Pgcaprc cstuvgcred nmá, y sgcaprc cstnrîd prcscdtcs pnrn desetres cd ies krndlcs rctes y iekres quc rcnigznrcaes n ie inrke i nrke lc ducstrn vgln prejcsgedni. N ducstres mcrandes, qugcdcs `ed su naer y su nickrán jertnic`gcred ducstrns jucrzns, pnrn pelcr vcd`cr ies efstî`uies quc sc des prcscdtnred y sc sc prcscdtcd n ie inrke lc ducstrn vgln. N ducstres jnagignrcs per su npeye aerni c gd`edlg`gedni. Ies Cstulgndtcs.
6
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
NKVNLC@GAGCD\E Cstnaes auy nkrnlc`gles `ed in ’Sdgvcrsglnl Ndlgdn Dçster @î`crcs Zciîsqucz‑, per lnrdes in epertudglnl lc jeranr pnrtc lc in gdacdsn jnagign lc cstulgndtcs y pelcr iucke jeranr pnrtc lc in gdacdsn jnagign jnagign lc prejcsgednics prejcsgednics,, y ud csp cspc`gni c`gni nkrnlc`gagcdte n ies le`cdtcs lc in @nrrcrn Rrejcsgedni Lc Gdkcdgcrán @gvgi, qugcdcs n ie inrke lc ducstrn jeran`gðd `eae gdkcdgcres, lclg`nred su tgcape su snfglurán y sefrc tele sus cxpcrgcd`gns `eae gdkcdgcres, y quc n ie inrke lc ducstrn vgln prejcsgedni scrî lc au`mn utgiglnl pnrn desetres. N teles ducstres `eapnþcres y nagkes quc cstnrîd sgcaprc prcscdtcs n ie inrke lc ducstrn jeran`gðd cd in @nrrcrn Rrejcsgedni Lc Gdkcdgcrán @gvgi, per su npeye aerni y cd cspc`gni pnrn nquciies quc `edtrgfuycred pnrn in cxgtesn `uiagdn`gðd ` uiagdn`gðd lci prcscdtc trnfnoe. Jgdniacdtc, n teles nquciies quc lgrc`tn e gdlgrc`tnacdtc lgcred udn vnigesn `edtrgfu`gðd pnrn in cxgtesn `uiagdn`gðd lci prcscdtc trnfnoe. Ies Cstulgndtcs.
0
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
GD\VELS@@GÐD Ci prcscdtc gdjerac `edtgcdc ins n`tgvglnlcs rcnigznlns lurndtc ci lán >3 lc Oudge ledlc sc rcnigzð udn Zgsgtn \ç`dg`n n in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n PND KNFND - RSDE, yn quc cd ducstrn prejcsgðd cs lc suan gapertnd`gn nprcdlcr ies andcoes y pre`cses pre`cses lc `ðae sc kcdcrn in cdcrkán ciç`trg`n. Zgsgtn `ertn pcre prc`gsn, cd ins quc pulgaes efscrvnr teles ies pnses lc `uîics sed ies pre`cses pnrn `edvcrtgr in cdcrkán ac`îdg`n cd ciç`trg`n. Cd ci prcscdtc trnfnoe, cxpig`nrcaes n`cr`n lc In @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n lc PND KNFND, in aîs krndlc c gapertndtc lci pnás. Cstn anocstuesn @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n cstî ufg`nln cd ci Lcpnrtnacdte lc Rude, prevgd`gn lc @nrnfnyn, lgstrgtes lc Eiin`mcn, Pnd Knfîd y Nynpntn. In Caprcsn lc Kcdcrn`gðd Ciç`trg`n Pnd Knfîd P.N. juc `rcnln per in @eagsgðd lc Rreae`gðd lc in Gdvcrsgðd Rrgvnln (@ERVG), mey RVEGDZCVPGÐD, aclgndtc n`ucrle lc jc`mn ; lc devgcafrc lc >77773, sc dcke`gð in sus`rgp`gðd lci `edvcdge lc prçstnae cdtrc in Vcpÿfig`n lc Rcrÿ y ci Cxpert Gapert Fndh lc Onpðd per ci aedte lc >3.322 agiiedcs lc ycdcs. Nsgagsae, sc eftuve in nprefn`gðd, lcdtre lci prcsupucste lc in Vcpÿfig`n, lc ud tetni lc P/. Agiiedcs lcstgdnles n in `edtrnpnrtgln ie`ni, cd ci nþe >777 sc sus`rgfgð ud `edvcdge lc prçstnae pnrn in `uiagdn`gðd lc in `edstru``gðd lc in @.M. Pnd Knfîd GG, cdtrc in Vcpÿfig`n lci Rcrÿ y in @erpern`gðd Ndlgdn lc Jeacdte ‐ @NJ, mnstn per ci aedte lc 63 agiiedcs lc lðinrcs, mn`gçdlesc cjc`tgve mnstn nkeste lc 6226, >3 agiiedcs lc lðinrcs, lculn quc juc `nd`cinln cd ci nþe 6220. Lurndtc ci pcrgele >77:->777, sc coc`utnred ins efrns `gvgics y ci aedtnoc lci cqugpnagcdte cic`treac`îdg`e lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n Pnd Knfîd GG y sc gdg`gð in epcrn`gðd `eacr`gni cd lg`gcafrc lc >777, n pnrtgr lci nþe 6222, `ed in gdtcr`edcxgðd lc ies Pgstcans Ciç`trg`es @cdtre-Dertc (PG@D) y Pur (PGP), in cdcrkán prelu`gln per in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n Pnd Knfîd GG cs cdtrcknln ni Pgstcan Ciç`trg`e Gdtcr`edc`tnle Dn`gedni. Lcslc ci nþe 622?6222, quc nfnr`n ies pre`cses lc kcstgðd lci rc`urse málrg`e, kcdcrn`gðd, \rndsagsgðd y `eacr`gnigzn`gðd lc cdcrkán lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n Pnd Knfîd GG y ins `cdtrnics tçrag`ns lc \npnrn`mg y Fciinvgstn, y pre`cses andtcdgagcdte, nian`çd, y rc`urses muandes. Cd ouige lci 6227, sc pnsnlc `ednpeye çxgtelc in nulgtergn `crtgjg`n`gðd lci iekástg`n Pgstcan lc Kcstgðd Nafgcdtni GPE >?622< y Pgstcan lc Kcstgðd lc Pckurglnl y Pniul E`upn`gedni EMPNP >=22>?622;.
<
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
\nfin lc `edtcdgle >.- >.- LCLG@N\EVGN ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 6 6.- 6.- NKVNLC@GAGCD\E ....................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ............................................ 0 0.- 0.- GD\VELS@@GÐD................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................... < .- EFOC\GZE KCDCVNI.............................................................. ........................................................................................................... ............................................. : 3.6.- EFOC\GZEP LCI ZGNOC ........................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................ : :.- LSVN@GÐD LCI ZGNOC ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ; ;.- SFG@N@GÐD KCEKVÎJG@N LC PND KNFÎD GG ...................................................... ............................................................................ ...................... ; =.- @ED@ISPGEDCP? ......................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ...... >7 7.- VC@EACDLN@GEDCP? ................................................................... ............................................................................................................. .......................................... >7 >2.-NDC]EP? ................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................ 62
Ndcxe D¿ > Rndci Jetekrîjg`e
3
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
7) `nter`c lc oudge lci prcscdtc nþe n ins >>?22 pa lc in de`mc, iickndle n Eiin`mcn n ins 3 na lci lán sîfnle (>3/2:/62>7) qugd`c lc oudge lci prcscdtc nþe.
3.- EFOC\GZEP? 3.>.- EFOC\GZE KCDCVNI
@ede`cr in infer lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n y ins gdstnin`gedcs lc in agsan.
@ede`cr ci jud`gednagcdte y ies cqugpes pnrn tcdcr `inre in tcerán quc des aetgvc n nprcdlcr aîs. Rnrn ciie in `cdtrni `nptn nkuns lci rge Pnd Knfîd, pnrn turfgdnrins y kcdcrnr cdcrkán ci ciç`trg`n ç`trg`n quc fcdcjg`gc n ies `cdtres pefinles, nsgcdtes agdcres c gdlustrgnics, n trnvçs lc in rcl ciç`trg`n lci sgstcan ciç`trg`e gdtcr`edc`tnle dn`gedni (PCGD).
3.6.- EFOC\GZEP LCI ZGNOC
@ede`cr in andcrn `eae sc prelu`c ude lc ies scrvg`ges pÿfig`es aîs gapertndtcs lci Rcrÿ. @ede`cr in rcniglnl cdcrkçtg`n lc ducstre pnás.
@ede`cr in preficaîtg`n y ins fnrrcrns quc tgcdcd quc vcd`cr ies cd`nrknles lc suagdgstrnr in cdcrkán, pnrn quc in cdcrkán scn n``csgfic n in anyer `ndtglnl lc usunrges.
:
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
:.- LSVN@GÐD LCI ZGNOC Ci vgnoc tuve udn lurn`gðd lc 0 láns, quc jucred ies láns sîfnle leagdke y iudcs lci acs lc oudge lci prcscdtc nþe.
;.- SFG@N@GÐD KCEKVÎJG@N LC PND KNFÎD GG Cstc vgnoc sc iicvð n `nfe cd ins gdstnin`gedcs lc in ’@cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n lc PND KNFND GG‑, Rucrte Anilednle y cd in jredtcrn `ed Frnsgi (NPPGP).
;
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
RNV\G@GRND\CP \eles ies niuades lci ZGG N y F lc in Cs`ucin Rrejcsgedni lc Gdkcdgcrán @gvgi lc in Sdgvcrsglnl Ndlgdn Dçster @î`crcs Zciîsqucz lc Rude. LCPNVVEIIE LCI ZGNOC LGN PNFNLE (>3/2:/62>:) Rrgacre? Sdn vcz iicknle n in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n lc PND KNFND, ci pcrsedni lc sckurglnl y `edtrei lc in mglreciç`trg`n des rcnigzð in prucfn lc ni`eiáactre, ledlc ude lc ags `eapnþcres rcsuite pesgtgve y de pule cdtrnr.
Iucke lc pnsnr in prucfn lc ni`niáactre des lgrgkgaes n rc`gfgr udn `mnrin n`cr`n lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n sefrc in sckurglnl, gapn`te nafgcdtni, `undte lc cdcrkán prelu`c in `cdtrni, cdtrc etres. Nlcaîs cstnfnd niuades lc Gdkcdgcrán Nafgcdtni Lc In Sdgvcrsglnl Oerkc Fnsnlrc Kremandd, iucke ude lc ies cd`nrknles des mgze vcr ud vglce. Cd ci vglce acd`gednfnd quc in caprcsn lc kcdcrn`gðd ciç`trg`n PND KNFND GG P.N. cs udn gapertndtc caprcsn lc in `erpern`gðd @EDNJC, quc nprevc`mn ci `nulni mglreciç`trg`e lci rge Pnd Knfîd pnrn kcdcrnr >>0.27= A[ lc petcd`gn cjc`tgvn, preyc`tnln pnrn 322 A[ lc petcd`gn tetni. mttps?//www.yeutufc.`ea/wnt`m5v1Uarl[CdE0y=&jcnturc1yeutu.fc
=
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
@ED@CR\EP S\GIG_NLEP CD IN ZGPG\N N IN MGLVECIC@\VG@N EFVNP RVCIGAGDNV RVCIGAGDNVCP CP In `edstru``gðd lc ins efrns prcigagdnrcs lc in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n Pnd Knfîd GG sc gdg`gð cd >773 y `ed in ducvn nlagdgstrn`gðd, sc nsuagð sus jud`gedcs n jgdcs lc anye lc >77:, sc `edve`nred ins ig`gtn`gedcs lc ins efrns `gvgics prgd`gpnics, `uyn `edstru``gðd capczð ci scptgcafrc lci agsae nþe. EFVNP @GZGICP Ins efrns `gvgics mnd `edsgstgle cd in `eds tru``gðd lc ins efrns ’efrns lc `nfc`cr n‑ n‑ (ietc D²>), jeranlns prgd`gpniacdtc per ud tÿdci lc lcsváe lci rge Pnd Knfîd, lc >:;.=.: a lc nd`me, lc ud `edlu`te jerznle lc 0.03a lc lgîactre, gd`igdnle :2² y `ed udn lgjcrcd`gn lc `etns lc :0=.37 a y udn iedkgtul nprexganln lc ;0=a, nsá `eae lc ins efrns `gvgics pnrn ci pntge lc trndsg`gðd y pnrn in sufnstn`gðd lc Pnd Knfîd GG.
EFVNP CIC@\VEAC@NDG@NP W IGDCN LC \VNDPAGPGED Nsgagsae cd ie quc rcspc`tn ni ’cqu gpnagcdte cic`treac`îdg`e lc in `cdtrni‑ (ietcD²0.=H >0.=HZ Z ::22 M_, gd`iugles teles ies ssgstcans gstcans lc pretc``gðd, `edtrei y andle, lc su sgstcan lc supcrvgsgðd lc ninrans, `edtreinlercs y lc teles ies scrvg`ges nuxgignrcs rcqucrgles8 tnafgçd tgcdc cqugpnagcdte pnrn ins efrns lc `nfc`crn, `edsgstc cd < `eapucrtns rnlgnics pnrn in prcsn lcrrgfnlern y ci cqugpnagcdte `eapicacdtnrge pnrn in tean, ci lcsnrcdnler lc < dnvcs y ci clgjg`ge lc `edtrei, gd`iuycdle tnafgçd teles ies sgstcans scþninles ndtcrgeracdtc lci cqugpnagcdte lc ins i ns `eapucrtns lc ins vcdtndns lc urumunsg y lc `nsnmugrg8 lci cqugpnagcdte pnrn P.C Pnd Knfîd GG y pnrn ci pntge lc trndsg`gðd pnrn ci trnsinle lc in cdcrkán prelu`gln ni sgstcan gdtcr`edc`tnle lci sur sc mn tcdgle quc rcnigznr in `edstru``gðd lc in D iádcn lc trndsagsgðd lc >0=HZ. Cdtrc in sufcstn`gðd Pnd Knfîd GG y in sufcstn`gðd lc Nzîdknre (ietcD²3) lc >:2 hgiðactres lc iedkgtul, `ed 6 tcrans lc `edlu`tercs y `ed 6 `nfics lc kunrln (udn `edvcd`gedni y ci etre gapicacdtnle `ed jgfrn ðptg`n pnrn `eaudg`n`gedcs) quc iicvnrn in cdcrkán prelu`gln lcslc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n, cstns ÿitgans efrns sc gdg`gnred cd >77;, `uiagdîdlesc in iádcn lc trndsagsgðd cd
7
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
nkeste lc >777 y sc prcvç quc ci aedtnoc lc ies cqugpes prgd`gpnics y prucfns lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n sc `uiagdcd cd lg`gcafrc lc >777, lctcragdîdlesc ud pinze tetni lc `edstru``gðd lc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n lc Pnd Knfîd GG lc ins sufcstn`gedcs lc snigln y lc iicknln nsá `eae in iádcn lc trndsagsgðd, lc udes 20 nþes lcslc ci gdg`ge lc su `edstru``gðd.
RVGD@GRGE LC JSD@GEDNAGCD\E LC SDN @CD\VNI MGLVECIÇ@\VG@N Sd csqucan kcdcrni lc udn gdstnin`gðd pnrn kcdcrnr cdcrkán mglreciç`trg`n, `errcspedlc cd tçragdes kcdcrnics ni gdlg`nle cd in jg kurn cd ciin sc efscrvn quc ci pre`cse lc `edvcrsgðd lc cdcrkán cs lgdîag`e, in cdcrkán cs mglrîuig`n cs trndsjeranln cd ac`îdg`n per in turfgdn y cstn n su vcz cs trndsjeranln cd cdcrkán ciç`trg`n per ud kcdcrnler pnrn suagdgstrîrscin lc in lcandln n trnvçs lc ins iádcns lc gdtcr`edcxgðd) cstc pre`cse lc `edvcrsgðd lc cdcrkán sc rcnigzn andtcdgcdle `edstndtcs les pnrîactres ciç`trg`es? veitnoc y jrc`ucd`gn. Cste sc iekrn sg cd in gdstnin`gðd sc tgcdc ud rckuinler lc tcdsgðd y ud rckuinler lc vcie`glnl trnfnondle cd pcrjc`tn nraedán, yn quc `uniqugcr `nafge cd in lcandln lc cdcrkán njc`tn n cstes les pnrîactres. Ci prgacre lc ciies cs ud pnrîactre ciç`trg`e, quc sc rckuin cd jud`gðd lc ies rcn`tgves lc in anqugdn ciç`trg`n (rckuinler lc tcdsgðd) y ci sckudle pnrîactre cs ac`îdg`e cste gdlg`n quc su rckuin`gðd cs jud`gðd lci jiuoe aîsg`e, cs lc`gr lci `nulni y per tni aetgve in turfgdn lcfc tcdcr ud lgspesgtgve pnrn tni jgd (rckuinler lc vcie`glnl). EFVNP LC @NR\N@GED
Ins efrns lc `nptn`gðd per lcrgvn`gðd n jgie lc nkun, `nptnd ci rc`urse lci njiucdtc sgd nian`cdnagcdte, nprevc`mndle ci `nulni quc mny cd ci aeacdte lnle. Cstns efrns lcfcd `uapigr ins sgkugcdtcs `edlg`gedcs? @ed `uniqugcr `ninle lci rge lcfcd `nptnr udn `ndtglnl prî`tg`nacdtc `edstntc lc `nulni Lcfcd gapclgr ni aîxgae in cdtrnln n in `edlu``gðd lc antcrgni sðigle, jietndtc e cd suspcdsgðd y mn`cr quc cstc sgkn per ci `nusc Pntgsjn`cr ins `edlg`gedcs aádgans lc sckurglnl In efrn lc `edlu``gðd lcfc lgspedcr lc udn cstru`turn lc rctcd`gðd, quc knrndtg`c udn `etn lc dgvci, `ed `uniqugcr `nulni lci rge, udn efrn lc tean, pnrn `nptn`gðd lc `nulni lc lgscþe, n`eapnþnln lc udn rcogiin, quc cvgtn ci pnse lc antcrgni seigle jietndtc y udn efrn lc invnle lc antcrgni seigle cd in cstru`turn lc rctcd`gðd Ies cicacdtes quc `eapedcd in fe`ntean, lcfcd knrndtgznr su fucd jud`gednagcdte per ciie lcfcd `uapigr `ed ies sgkugcdtcs rcqucrgagcdtes fîsg`es? Ci nkun `nptnln lcfc scr cd ie pesgfic, igfrc lc sðigles, `ed ci jgd lc de `nrknr lc antcrgni lc n`nrrce in `edlu``gðd y/e ci lcsnrcdnler Ci antcrgni seigle lcpesgtnle nkuns nrrgfn lctrîs lc fnrrnoc, lcfcrî scr cvn`unle per ci jiuoe lc ud `merre lc invnle gdtcragtcdtc. Ci tgpe lc `edstru``gðd lcfc scr scd`giie y c`edðag`e lc tni jeran quc jn`gigtc udn epcrn`gðd `ed pe`e andtcdgagcdte y rnfnzes rîpgles lc rcpnrn`gðd. Ins lcs`nrkns lc `rc`gln lcfcd scr cvn`unlns lc in efrn lc `nptn`gðd cd jeran sckurn. \gpes lc `nptn`gðd? puclc rcnigznrsc lgrc`tnacdtc sgd dgdkudn efrn cd ci `nu`c, nudquc cs aîs `eaÿd y `edvcdgcdtc `edstrugr udn prcsn `crrndle cstc. Cd cstc `nse ci `nulni cs iicvnle lgrc`tnacdtc per ud `ndni intcrni, sgd cafnrke in efrn cstî cxpucstn n lctcrgere per nvcdglns lci rge. Cstn `nptn`gðd sc iinan tean intcrni `ed cspgkedcs.
>2
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
Ere tgpe lc fe`n tean lgspedc lc ud lgquc, quc `gcrrc ci `nu`c lci rge y cicvc ci dgvci lci nkun mnstn udn `etn lctcragdnln, ledlc sc vgcrtc n trnvçs lc ud vcrtclcre, tean `edvcd`gedni e sc `nptn lgrc`tnacdtc cd ci `ucrpe lci lgquc tean \grei.
Sfg`n`gðd? in efrn lc `nptn`gðd sc lcfc ufg`nr cd in ergiin `ðd`nvn lci rge, pnrn lgsagdugr in cdtrnln lc sclgacdtes y ud pe`e lcspinznln nkun nfnoe, yn quc per ie kcdcrni cd in pnrtc `ðd`nvn cxgstc ud fnrrnd`e. In tean sc ufg`n lc udn andcrn aîs nlc`unln cd in tcragdn`gðd lc pnrtc `ðd`nvn c gdg`ge lc in `edvcxn, pucste quc sc `nrn`tcrgzn per tcdcr ud tcrrcde pinde sujg`gcdtc pnrn sgtunr ci lcstrgpnler y in trndsg`gðd. EFVN LC @EDLS@@GED In `edlu``gðd lci `nulni quc scrî nprevc`mnln pnrn kcdcrnr cdcrkán ciç`trg`n cs `nptnle cd in fe`n tean y iicvndle n trnvçs lc ud `ndni quc puclc cstnr n `gcie nfgcrte e `crrnle andtcdgçdlesc ci `nulni n prcsgðd ntaesjçrg`n, cd su trnznle pnrn lgjcrcdtcs n``glcdtcs tepekrîjg`es quc sed sertcnles `ed efrns cspc`gnics `eae sed? ies vgnlu`tes sgjedcs, rciicdes y tÿdcics mnstn iicknr ni tndquc lc `nrkn. Lcfgle n quc ci nkun `nptnln `edtgcdc cicacdtes cd suspcdsgðd sc rcqugcrc `eie`nr cd ci trnznle ud lcsnrcdnler quc ies cigagdc, ci `uni puclc cstnr ufg`nle `edtgkue n in fe`n tean e n`eapnþnle ni tndquc lc `nrkn. Ci `edlu``gðd rcnigzn cd jud`gðd lc `edsckugr udn anyer cjg`gcd`gn sckurglnl lc trnznle in sefrnslcninacder `este, sc andtcdgcdle udn pcdlgcdtc iedkgtulgdni pesgtgvn acdery quc in lci rge (nkuns nfnoe cd lgrc``gðd lci njiucdtc), y vnrgndle seie lc `gcrtes iáagtcs. In pcdlgcdtc lc ins `edlu``gedcs cstnfic`c `ed ud `rgtcrge tç`dg`e c`edðag`e, cstulgndle vnrgns nitcrdntgvns. Ci `rgtcrge tç`dg`e cstî suocte n ins `nrn`tcrástg`ns lc ies sgtges pesgfics lc tean y in vnrgn`gðd lc `nulni, quc kcdcrniacdtc lgsagduyc nkuns nrrgfn. Ci `rgtcrge c`edðag`e ie cstnfic`c in iedkgtul lc in `edlu``gðd, cste cs ud nprevc`mnagcdte mglrecdcrkctg`e `ed udn pcqucþn pcdlgcdtc lci rc`urse cjiucdtc, e`nsgðd n udn anyer iedkgtul y anyer `este gdvcrsnacdtc lgsagduyc sg in pcdlgcdtc cs cicvnln. Relrî scic``gednr nitcrdntgvns lc acder `este y quc `uapind ies rcqucrgagcdtes tç`dg`es, sc puclcd rclu`gr in iedkgtul lc in `edlu``gðd, per aclge lc tÿdcics, n`uclu`tes, rciicdes u etre tgpe lc efrns. Ies tÿdcics sc `edstruycd `undle rcprcscdtnd udn seiu`gðd aîs c`edðag`n quc ud `ndni nfgcrte cs udn nitcrdntgvn aîs c`edðag`n.
>>
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
FE@N \EAN Cs udn cstru`turn quc pcragtc `nptnr ci nkun lc in jucdtc málrg`n y lcrgvnrin mn`gn ci `ndni lc n``cse. Lcfc lgspedcr lc `eapedcdtcs quc pcragtnd ci gdkrcse lci nkun sgd prcscd`gn lc cicacdtes cxtrnþes, nsgagsae lcfc pcragtgr rckuinr ci `nulni lc gdkrcse tndte cd çpe`ns lc cstgnoc y nvcdglns.
LCPCVNDNLEV Cs udn efrn mglrîuig`n quc sgrvc pnrn sclgacdtnr pnrtá`uins, lc antcrgni seigle suspcdlgle cd ci nkun, lc in `edlu``gðd8 ins pnrtá`uins sc andtgcdcd cd suspcdsgðd n quc in vcie`glnl lc cdtrnln cd in fe`n tean cs cicvnln y sujg`gcdtc c pnrn nrrnstrnr pnrtá`uins sðiglns, cd cspc`gni lurndtc ins `rc`glns puclc cdtrnr krnd `ndtglnl lc sclgacdtes. Ci veiuacd lc seigles lurndtc ins `rc`gcdtcs pnrn ráes lc aedtnþn cs nprexganlnacdtc lci < ni :% ci veiuacd lc `nulni y cd ráes lc iindurn lc 2,6 n >,2 %. Ni de lgspedcr lc cstn efrn kcdcrn lnþe cd ins efrns, nikudes lc ciies sed? Lgsagdu`gðd lc in sc``gðd lc in `edlu``gðd per sclgacdtn`gðd, cstes `ediicvn n nuacdtnr ci andtcdgagcdte lc in efrn. Lgsagdu`gðd lc in `npn`glnl lci tndquc lc `nrkn per n`uauin`gðd lc antcrgni sðigle, lcfgle n in sclgacdtn`gðd, e`nsgednln per in fnon vcie`glnl cxgstcdtc cd cstn efrn. @undle anyer cs in vcie`glnl lc ins pnrtá`uins cstns lcsknstnd aîs rîpglnacdtc in tufcrán y ins turfgdns lgsagduycdl lgsagduycdlee `edsglcrnficacdtc su vgln ÿtgi.
>6
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
@EARSCV\N
@EARSCV\N
CDFNIPC VCKSINLEV
JGI\VN@GED LC NKSN
CP\N@GED AC\CEVEIEKG@N
RINDE LC VGCPKEP LC IN @CD\VNI MGLVCIC@\VG@N
>0
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
\SFCVGNP LC RVCPGED Cstn lcfc scr prcjcrgficacdtc rc`tn, nudquc cd nikudns e`nsgedcs cs lgjá`gi lc eftcdcr lcfgle n ins `edlg`gedcs lci tcrrcde. Cste efigkn n noustnrsc ni pcrjgi tgpekrîjg`e lc su trnznle, `ed ci npeye lc cstru`turns lc `ed`rcte quc in nyulnd n sestcdcrsc y n vnrgnr in pcdlgcdtc. prcsgðd `eapucstn cicacdtes. In tufcrán tean lclcnkun cd cicstî tndquc lc `nrknper in ies `unisgkugcdtcs cstî n`eapnþnln lc udn rcogiin (>), nd`inocs (6) y npeyes (0), sc cd`nrknd lc sestcdcr y vnrgnr in pcdlgcdtc lc in tufcrán lc prcsgðd, `eles (<
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
RN\GE LC IINZCP
@NPN LC AN^SGDNP Cs ci iuknr ledlc sc cd`ucdtrn gdstninln ci krupe mglreciç`trg`e, `edjeranle per? \urfgdn mglrîuig`n, Kcdcrnler Ciç`trg`e, \nficre lc @edtrei, Vckuinler Nuteaîtg`e.
Gdkrcse n in `nsn lc aîqugdns?
>3
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
Ci gdkrcse n ins `nsn lc aîqugdns cs aclgndtc ud tÿdci lc :a x :a y udn iedkgtul nprexganln Lc :
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
PGP\CAN LC ISFVG@N@GED
ZNIZSINP Ins vîivuins ufg`nlns ndtcs lc in turfgdn sc utgigznd pnrn ci `gcrrc lci `nulni n trnvçs lc in turfgdn y pnrn epcrn`gedcs lc rcpnrn`gðd. Rnrn
[email protected]¼s lc krnd `náln (M 4 quc 622 actres) ins vîivuins ndtcs lc turfgdn sed epcrntgvns quc sc `gcrrnd per pnrnln lc in turfgdn `ed ci jgd lc cvgtnr `nvgtn`gðd. Rnrn
[email protected]¼s lc fnon `náln sc utgigznd vîivuins lc `eapucrtn cd in cdtrnln lc in turfgdn y vîivuins anrgpesn pnrn `nálns quc es`gind cdtrc 02 n 622 actres `ed ud lgîactre lc in tufcrán lc prcsgðd lc >622 aa y csjçrg`ns `undle in `náln frutn cs supcrger n ies 622 actres. In vîivuin csjçrg`n. Cs prî`tg`nacdtc in `edtgdun`gðd lc in tufcrán lc prcsgðd, cstî `eapucstn per udn csjcrn, per ledlc jiuyc ci `nulni (vcr jgkurn >0.>3). Pc `nrn`tcrgzn per tcdcr fnons pcrlglns y ud `gcrrc mcraçtg`e quc cvgtn in `nvgtn`gðd.
COC LC IN \SVFGDN NI KCDCVNLEV Nprexganlnacdtc 32`a lc lgîactre lci coc lc trndsagsgðd @ÐLGKE LC PCÞNICP W @EIEVCP
>;
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
\SVFGDN In turfgdn cs ci cqugpe cd ci `uni sc trndsjeran in cdcrkán mglrîuig`n cd ac`îdg`n, cstn n`epinln lgrc`tnacdtc ni kcdcrnler cd `edoudte ntgcdlcd in lcandln lc cdcrkán ciç`trg`n. Sd csqucan kcdcrni lc in gdstnin`gðd lc udn turfgdn cd udn `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n sc gdlg`n cd in jgkurn sc efscrvn qucturfgdn. ci `nulni `nptnle percdtrckn in teancilcrelctc nkun ncsturfgdn iicvnlepnrn n trnvçs lc in tufcráncdlcciin prcsgðd mnstn in Ci nkun sc ic rcnigznr ci pre`cse lc `edvcrsgðd lc cdcrkán cdcrkán mglrîuig`n cd ac`îdg`n8 ci `uni sc puclc rcnigznr lc 6 jerans? Ci `nulni `nafgn seinacdtc lc lgrc``gðd ans de lc n`cicrn`gðd (turfgdn lc n``gðd), y ci `nulni cdtrn n prcsgðd y cd ies `edlu`tes aðvgics lci relctc `nafgn lc lgrc``gðd y n`cicrn`gðd (turfgdn lc rcn``gðd).
>=
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
=.- @ED@ISPG @ED@ISPGEDCP? EDCP? Efscrvnaes `ðae cs quc jud`gedn in fe`n tean ci `uni cs ci prgd`gpge lc in efrn efscrvnaes quc in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n lc Pnd Knfîd de `ucdtn `ed `nulni lc c`eiðkg`e yn q ud trnyc`te lci rge sc cd`ucdtrn sc`e. Lcfgle n in çpe`n lc cstgnoc ci `nulni lci rge fnon pnrn `eapcdsnr ci `nulni lc lgscþe sc `ucdtn `ed udn prcsn quc iicdn cd merns lci lán y per in de`mc mn merns pudtn nigacdtn ni `nulni lc nigacdtn`gðd tcdgcdle nsá udn petcd`gn eptgan in `cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n De pulgaes efscrvnr in `îanrn lc `nrkn dg in tufcrán lc prcsgðd yn quc ci `ndni sc cd`ucdtrn cd ud tÿdci nprexganlnacdtc lc ; ha lcfnoe lci `crre, y lc in agsan andcrn in tufcrán lc prcsgðd sc cd`ucdtrn suftcrrîdcnacdtc lcfnoe lci `crre In `nsn lc aîqugdns sc cd`ucdtrn ni gdtcrger lci `crre nprexganln acdtc n 7
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
>2.-NDC]EP?
JE\E >.- in jete juc teanln cd Eiin`mcn n ins 3 lc in anþndn. Cd in Rinzn @cdtrni.
JE\E 6.- in jete juc teanln cd ci `nagde lc Eiin`mcn n in @cdtrni mglreciç`trg`n n ins ; lc in anþndn. Nprexganlnacdtc.
JE\E 0.- in jete juc teanln cd in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n lc snd knfîd nprexganlnacdtc n in ;?>3 na.
JE\E 2.- in jete juc teanln cd in Cstn`gðd lc @edtrei lc in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n.
JE\E >>.- in jete juc teanln cd in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n.
6>
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
JE\E >6.- in jete juc teanln cd in Cstn`gðd lc @edtrei lc in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n.
JE\E >2.- in jete krupni cd in Cstn`gðd lc @edtrei lc in @cdtrni Mglreciç`trg`n.
JE\EP \EANLNP CD I N @NPN LC AN^SGDNP
66
þe lc in Iu`mn `edtrn in @errup`gðd y in Gapudglnl SDGZCVPGL L DLGD DCP\EV @ @CVCP ZCI P^SC_ J @SIL L LC GDKCDGCVG W @GCD@G P RSV P
60
