November 15, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
OMLWDPM@ @G EBJGBEGXÁM EBJGBEGXÁM LE_ED Lursk3 Pkpkjrmoám
@klgbtg3 Ebj. Mdgxmb`gr Cfkgd Mstkpedlk _mdegbtg
Ebtgjrmbtgs3 Gstrm`m Fgrbíb`gz Ngveb Dgkpkd`k
- Lü`ejk3 B998576 `gs`g mpedmr amtgremdgs y `mr legrtm gstmhede`m` m åstm, lkak gd fglfk `g lursmr dms mjums pmrm dks ludtevks, pgbsmb`k ebldusk ym gb dms pgb`egbtgs. Dk lumd lkb`uck m dm omhrelmleüb `g ebjgbeksks ebstruagbtks, `gsmrrkddíb`ksg dms tålbelms, dks gstu`ek, dk qug krejebü dms bugvms tgkráms, `gsmrrkddk tglbkdüjelk y legbtáoelk, krejebmb`k dks bkahrgs qug utedezmaks lkte`embmagbtg gb gstks `áms. \egb`k augstrms `g hgddgzm y m`aermleüb dk dkjrm`k gb dms períae`gs `g Gjeptk, dks lmaebks y lmbmdgs fglfks pkr dks Jregjks y Xkambks, gd Lmbmd `g \ugz, dks tóbgdgs `gd Akbt-Lgbes gb Ymbmaí, y tmbtms ktrms khrms qug seb dm bevgdmleüb, cmaís gstmrámb `g peg pmrm m`aermrdms gb gstks mýks, qug`mb`k auy gb bugstrm agbtgs dm gxestgblem `g dms príltelms `g dm bevgdmleüb, `gsmrrkddíb`ksg `evgrsks tepks, `g gbtrg dks qug sg gblugbtrm dm Bevgdmleüb @ergltm, Pkpkjríoelm k Jgkaåtrelm, aåtk`k qug bks pgraetg gblkbtrmr `ergltmagbtg dm gdgvmleüb `g dks tgrrgbks, ag`embtg dm rgogrgblem `g pubtks k lktms, gb rgdmleüb m supgroelegs luym mdturm ym sg lkbklg rgogrgblemdagbtg rgogrgblemdagbtg..
_. _.
KHCGPE_K\ Khcgtevk Jgbgrmd Gstu`emr gd oublekbmaegbtk `g dm pugstm gb gstmleüb `gd Bevgd `g Ebjgbegrk, lkbklgr dm eapkrtmblem y gb quå tepk `g prkygltks `ghg sgr utedezm`k `g ambgrm e`übgm, m`gaís `g dks prklg`eaegbtks `g lídludk.
Khcgtevks gspgláoelks - -
Lkbklgr dms pmrtgs, oublekbmaegbtk, y dm utedezmleüb `gd Bevgd `g Ebjgbegrk, omaedemrezíb`ksg lkb gd usk `gd bevgd `g ebjgbegrk gb dms `estebtms mpdelmlekbgs gb ebjgbegrám. Agckrmr gd lídludk pmrm gd trmhmck `g jmhebgtg `g ub dgvmbtmaegbtk tkpkjríoelk y lkbtrkd `g khrm.
_E. _E.
A XLK PGÜXELK
m. m. PKYKJXMOÁM Dm tkpkjrmoám sg gblmrjm `g ag`er gxtgbsekbgs `g tegrrm tkamb`k dks `mtks pmrm su rgprgsgbtmleüb jríoelm gb ub pdmbk gslmdm, sus okrams y mlle`gbtgs. Pmaheåb pk`gaks agblekbmr qug dm tkpkjrmoám `gtgraebm `estmblems fkrezkbtmdgs y vgrtelmdgs gbtrg pubtks y khcgtks skhrg dm supgroeleg tgrrgstrg, ag`eleüb `g íbjudks y gstmhdglgr pubtks pkr ag`ek `g íbjudks y `estmblems prgvemagbtg `gtgraebm`ks (rgpdmbtgk). Gd lkbcubtk `g kpgrmlekbgs bglgsmrems pmrm pkstgrekragbtg su rgprgsgbtmleüb gb ub gt md, 89=:)
`gtgraebmr dms pkselekbgs `g pubtks y pdmbk gs dk qug lkbklg lkak dgvmbtmaegbtk. (Xeblüb
@GOEBELEKBG\ @G PGXAEBK\3 • Ydmbk fkrezkbtmd3 gs ub pdmbk tmbjgbtg m ubm supgroeleg `g bevgd. • \upgroeleg `g bevgd3 gs ubm supgroeleg lurvm gb `kb`g gb `kb`g lm`m ubk `g dks pubtks gs pgrpgb`eludmr m dm `erglleüb `g dm pdkam`m> msá gd `gsbevgd gbtrg `ks pubtks gs dm `estmblem qug gxestg gbtrg dm supgroeleg `g bevgd `g `elfks pubtks. • Mbjudk vgrtelmd3 gs gd íbjudk gbtrg `ks dábgms qug sg lkrtmb gb ub pdmbk vgrtelmd. Gb tkpkjrmoám sg supkbg s upkbg ubm `g gstms dábgms d ábgms `g ambgrm fkrezkbtmd. • Gdgvmleüb k lktm3 `estmblem vgrtelmd ag`e`m `gs`g ub pdmbk `g rgogrgblem.
Eamjgb = Xgprgsgbtmleüb `g Lktm.
• Lktm Xgdmtevm3 Xgdmtevm3 Lumb`k dm supgroeleg, pdmbk k bevgd `g rgogrgblem gs tkam`k tkam`k mrhetrmremagbtg. mrhetrmremagbtg. • Lktm mhskdutm3 mhskdutm3 Lumb`k dm supgroeleg, supgroeleg, pdmbk k bevgd `g `g rgogrgblem gs gd bevgd ag`ek `gd amr. • Bevgd ag`ek `gd amr3 amr3 gs gd bevgd + 9.99 m`kptm`k m`kptm`k lkbvgbegbtgagbtg y vegbg m sgr gd prkag`ek `g dm aíxeam gdgvmleüb `gd amr (YDGMAMX) y su aíxeak `gslgbsk (HMCMAMX) gb ub dujmr gb ub pgrek`k `g =5 mýks. • Hmlk `g bevgd (HA)3 gs ub pubtk pgrambgbtg gb gd tgrrgbk `g krejgb bmturmd k mrteoelemd luym gdgvmleüb gs lkbkle`m. Gd HA pug`g gstmr rgogrgblem`k md BAA k sgr msuae`k pmrm legrtks trmhmcks `g lmapk. Gxestgb HA `g lktm oecm dks qug skb lkdklm`ks pkr gd EBGPGX dks qug lkbstetuygb ubm rg` jgk`åselm gb bugstrk pmás, gstks skb akbuagbtks dklmdezm`ks lkaóbagbtg gb gstrehks `g pugbtgs, mlgrms k lkbstrue`ks `g lkblrgtk.
Eamjgb 8 Hgblf Amrn
• Yubtks `g bevgd preamrek3 preamrek3 \kb mqugddks pubtks qug sg vmb m bevgdmr y qug sg fmddm fmddmrmb rmb sus lktms, `ghgb sgr akbuagbtm`ks. • Yubtks `g bevgd sglub`mrek3 sglub`mrek3 \kb dks pubtks `g lmahek qug servgb pmrm gbdmzmr `ks pubtks `g lkbtrkd, skhrg `elfk pubtk `g lmahek sg lkdklm dm aerm pmrm gogltumr dms dglturms lkrrgspkb`egbtgs. \g rglkaegb`m qug dks pubtks sglub`mreks sgmb pebtm`ks se sg trmtmsg `g pmveagbtk k gstmlm`ks prk- vesekbmdagbtg gb dks cmr`ebgs k tegrrm se ougsg gd lmsk> jgbgrmdagbtg gstks pubtks `ghgb `gsmpmrglgr md lkblduer gd trmhmck `g jmhebgtg h. h. BE_GD @G EBJGBEGXK3 @GOEBELEKB Pmaheåb ddmam`k bevgd üptelk k gquemdtáagtrk gs ub ebstruagbtk qug tegbg lkak oebmde`m` dm ag`eleüb `g `gsbevgdgs gbtrg pubtks qug sg fmddmb m `estebtms mdturms k gd trmsdm`k `g lktms `g ub pubtk lkbkle`k m ktrk `gslkbkle`k. \g utedezm cubtmagbtg lkb dm aerm gb dm tkpkjrmoám dm lumd gs ubm rgjdm jrm`um`m qug pgraetg ag`embtg ub bevgd tkpkjríoelk, ag`er `gsbevgdgs, gs `gler, `eogrgblems `g mdturm y gstks pug`gb sgr ambumdgs k mutkaítelks, sgjób sg `ghm fkrezkbtmdezmr gd bevgd preblepmd gb lm`m dglturm, k gstk sg fmjm mutkaítelmagbtg md pkbgr gd ebstruagbtk "gb gstmleüb" Gd bevgd üptelk lkbstm `g ub mbtgkck seaedmr md `gd tgk`kdetk lkb ub rgtáludk gstm`eaåtrelk, pmrm mpubtmr y ub bevgd `g hurhucm auy sgbsehdg (k ub lkapgbsm`kr `g jrmvg`m` k amjbåtelk gb gd lmsk `g dks bevgdgs mutkaítelks), qug pgraetm ambtgbgr dm fkrezkbtmde`m` `gd gcg üptelk `gd mbtgkck, mahks gstíb ube`ks
skde`mremagbtg `g ambgrm qug lumb`k gd bevgd gstí `gsbevgdm`k, gd gcg `gd mbtgkck bk ambtegbg ubm pgrogltm fkrezkbtmde`m`, pgrk md bevgdmr gd bevgd tmaheåb sg fkrezkbtmdezm gd gcg üptelk. Gb dks ódteaks trgebtm mýks sg fm prk`ule`k ub lmahek tmd gb gstks ebstruagbtks, qug pkr mqugddm åpklm, preblepeks `g dm `ålm`m `gd °69 lmse tk`ks dks ebstruagbtks qug sg utedezmhmb grmb `gd tepk "ambumd" pgrk gb gstg akagbtk gs rmrk gblkbtrmr ubk `g mqugddks ebstruagbtks, ebldusk skb rmrms dm amrlms qug mub dks omhrequgb ym qug dms tålbelms `g omhrelmleüb sg fmb pgrogllekbm`k pg rogllekbm`k tmbtk qug dks mutkaítelks skb tmb prglesks y lkboemhdgs lkak dks ambumdgs, m pgsmr `g dm `gslkboembzm qug `gspgrtmhmb gb dks vegcks tkpüjrmoks dks preagrks ak`gdks mutkaítelks. Gstg ebstruagbtk `ghg tgbgr ubms lmrmltgrástelms tålbelms gspglemdgs pmrm pk`gr rgmdezmr su oubleüb, tmdgs lkak hurhucm pmrm pk`gr bevgdmr gd ebstruagbtk, mbtgkck lkb dks suoelegbtgs muagbtks pmrm pk`gr vgr dms `evesekbgs `g dm aerm, y ub rgtáludk lkb fedks pmrm pk`gr pk `gr fmlgr dm pubtgrám y tkamr dms dglturms, msá lkak dm pksehede`m` `g ub lkapgbsm`kr pmrm msgjurmr su pgrogltm bevgdmleüb y fkrezkbtmde`m` `gd pdmbk `g llkapmrmleüb. kapmrmleüb.
Eamjgb gstg ódteak utedezm gd sestgam `g pkselekbmaegbtk jdkhmd y rgmdezm ubm vmrembtg `g dm bevgdmleüb trejkbkaåtrelm. Dm jgk`gsem utedezm gstks trgs aåtk`ks, y mjrgjm `ks aåtk`ks aís3 gd aåtk`k jrmveaåtrelk y gd hmrkaåtrelk. Dm lmrtkjrmoám utedezm tmaheåb dm rgstetuleüb oktkjrmaåtrelm.
Bevgdmleüb jgkaåtrelm Gs gd aís prglesk y utedezm`k `g tk`ks, sg ddgvm m lmhk ag`embtg dm utedezmleüb `g ub bevgd üptelk k gdgltrübelk, gxestgb jgk`gsem), lumtrk tepks jgkaåtrelm `goebe`ks gd sgjób su prgleseüb3 =¹ y 8¹gb kr`gb (utedezm`ks gb y tmaheåb pk`rámaks `eogrgblem`ks tepks aís sgjób gd trmhmck m rgmdezmr3 bevgdmleüb jgkaåtrelm debgmd (se sg bevgdm `gs`g ub pubtk fmstm ktrk sejuegb`k ubm trmygltkrem qug ubm mahks) k bevgdmleüb jgkaåtrelm `g supgroeleg (lumb`k bevgdmaks ub sgltkr k ubm dábgm `gs`g ubm aesam gstmleüb rgogre`m m ub aesak pdmbk `g rgogrgblem). Gd prklg`eaegbtk pmrm bevgdmlekbgs debgmdgs, sgmb gstms tkpkjríoelms k jgk`åselms, gs ejumd, skdk lmahem dm prgleseüb m mdlmbzmr y dks ebstruagbtks m utedezmr. \g rgmdezm ag`embtg dglturms gogltum`ms lkb gd Fedk Ag`ek `gd rgtáludk `gd bevgd, skhrg ubm aerm jrm`um`m qug sg lkdklm m ubm `estmblem bk amykr `g ?9 k :9 a, gstms dglturms sg rgstmb lkbvgbegbtgagbtg gbtrg sá khtgbeåb`ksg `g gstm ambgrm gd `gsbevgd gxestgbtg gbtrg dks `ks pubtks `kb`g gstuvk mpkym`m dm aerm.
Eamjgb==3Khtgbleüb`gd`gsbevgdgbtrg`kspubtks.
Gstg gs gd prklg`eaegbtk m rgmdezmr gb gd lmsk `g qug skdk husqugaks khtgbgr gd `gsbevgd gxestgbtg gbtrg `ks pubtks, pgrk gb gd lmsk gb qug gs bglgsmrek gd rgpdmbtgk k dm khtgbleüb `g ubm k aís lktms, lk tms, gd lídludk sg tkrbm aís lkapdgck, ym qug `ghgaks mjrgjmr `ks bugvks gdgagbtks md lídludk3 dm lktm y gd pdmbk _esumd (Y_) k lktm
`gd gcg üptelk `gd mbtgkck `gd bevgd, pmsk ebtgrag`ek qug `ghgaks rgmdezmr mbtgs `g lmdludmr dm lktm `g dks `gaís pubtks.
Eamjgb=83Xgpdmbtgk`gdmlktmgbubpubtk`gslkbkle`k.
Ymrm gd trmhmck lkb lktms `ghgaks tgbgr md agbks ubk `g dks pubtks, khcgtks `gd `g d trmhmck, lkb lktm lkbkle`m k ub YO gb sus ebag`emlekbgs, m dks gogltks `g tkamrdk lkak pdmbk `g rrgogrgblem, gogrgblem, `g bk sgr msá sg `ghgrí fmlgr ubm bevgdmleüb ddmam`m `g "gbdmlg" m dks gogltks `g `mrdg lktm m ubk `g dks pubtks `gbtrk `gd trmhmck, `g bk sgr pksehdg k glkbüaelmagbtg lkbvgbegbtg, segaprg qug`m dm kpleüb `g bevgdmr ubk `g dks pubtks ag`embtg dm lkdklmleüb skhrg åd `g ub hmrkmdtáagtrk (ebstruagbtk qug m trmvås `g dm ag`eleüb `g dm prgseüb hmrkaåtrelm bks `m ubm mdturm mprkxeam`m skhrg gd bevgd `gd amr), a mr), k seapdgagbtg `mrdg ubm lktm mrhetrmrem.
\upkbjmaks lkak gb gd lmsk mbtgrekr tgbgr ub YO lkak ebelek `gd trmhmck, gstk omledetm dm tmrgm, sg `ghg lkdklmr lkdkl mr dm aerm skhrg gstg y sg tkam dm dglturm, gb jgbgrmd skdk sg utedezm gd fedk ag`ek, mubqug mdjubks prgoegrgb tkamr dglturms skhrg dks trgs fedks y fmlgr dugjk dm lkaprkhmleüb sejuegbtg3 ( ( .∘ . ) / 8 1 Gstk bk gs bglgsmrek, y gb dm príltelm sugdg tkrbmrsg gbjkrrksk> ubm vgz tkam`m dm dglturm sg suam gstg vmdkr m dm lktm `gd YO y fgaks khtgbe`k kht gbe`k dm lktm `gd Y_. Um khtgbe`m gstm lktm sg llkdklmrí kdklmrí dm aerm skhrg dm gstmlm m dm qug sg quegrg `mr lktm y sg tkamrí ubm bugvm dglturm. M pmrter `g gddm sg pk`rí bktmr qug gstm dglturm gs dm `eogrgblem gbtrg dm lktm `gd Y_ y dm lktm `g dm gstmlm, `g ambgrm qug rgstmaks dm dglturm khtgbe`m m dm lktm `gd Y_ y Y_ y gd rgsudtm`k gs dm `g dm gstmlm.
Eamjgb= rgtkamaks gbtkblgs dm amsm y mdtgrbmtevmagbtg jkdpgmrgaks dm gstmlm y fmrgaks dglturms fmstm qug khtgbjmaks gd vmdkr lmdludm`k (Gb gd lmsk `gd gcgapdk 9,86=).
Bevgdmleüb jgkaåtrelm lkapugstm k debgmd.
Eamjgb=03Bevgdmleübjgkaåtrelmlkapugstm.
Gs gd aåtk`k aís usm`k ym qug jgbgrmdagbtg dks pubtks m bevgdmr sg gblugbtrmb m aís `g dm `estmblem aíxeam gb qug sg pug`g lkdklmr dm aerm, y pkr dk tmbtk sg `ghgb rgmdezmr tmbtms bevgdmlekbgs seapdgs lkak sgmb bglgsmrems pmrm uberdks. Ymrm rgmdezmr ubm bevgdmleüb sg `ghg tgbgr gb lugbtm ubm `estmblem pmrm lm`m trmak `g gbtrg =89 m =69 a y dugjk `eve`er dm dkbjetu` tktmd pkr gstm `estmblem pmrm fmddmr dm lmbte`m` `g trmaks m rgmdezmr> dks pubtks ebtgrag`eks gbtrg dks `ks (k aís) pubtks khcgtks `gd trmhmck, sg ddmamríb pubtks ddmamríb pubtks `g pmsk k YY. Bevgdmleüb jgkaåtrelm `g supgroelegs Gs dm bevgdmleüb qug sg gcglutm pmrtegb`k `g ub YO, mlktmb`k vmreks pubtks `gs`g ubm aesam gstmleüb. Ymrm su gcgluleüb sg dgg skhrg dm aerm lkdklm`m skhrg ub YO, y sg khtegbg ub Y_ qug sgrí lkaób m tk`ks dks pubtks rgdgvm`ks k rgpdmbtgm`ks, `g mfá gb m`gdmbtg. Gstg prklg`eaegbtk sg utedezm gb dks lmsks gb qug sg `ghg rgdgvmr ubm supgroeleg pmrm lkbklgr su pgb`egbtg k pmrm dugjk `ehucmr dms lurvms `g bevgd qug rgprgsgbtmríb ubm supgroeleg gb ub jríoelk, k tmaheåb md rgpdmbtgmr dm pgb`egbtg, lkak, pkr gcgapdk, ub lmýk `g ldkmlms k gd lkr`üb `g ubm vgrg`m. Bevgdmleüb trejkbkaåtrelm
Eamjgb =73 =73 Bevgdmleüb Prejkbkaåtrelm.
Gs dm bevgdmleüb qug sg rgmdezm m pmrter `g dm ag`eleüb `g íbjudks lgbetmdgs, `g mdturm k `gprgseüb, y `g `estmblems qug dugjk sg usmríb pmrm dm rgskduleüb `g treíbjudks rgltíbjudks, `kb`g dm eblüjbetm sgrí gd lmtgtk kpugstk `gd íbjudk m rgskdvgr, qug gb gstks lmsks skb gd `gsbevgd gxestgbtg gbtrg gd pubtk gstmleüb y ub pubtk lumdquegrm.
Gd gcgapdk aís seapdg gs lumb`k lkb ub tgk`kdetk ag`eaks ub íbjudk y lkb ub
[email protected]. m`ksm`k md aesak, dm `estmblem ebldebm`m gxestgbtg gbtrg dm gstmleüb y ub pubtk lumdquegrm.
Bevgdmleüb Hmrkaåtrelm. Dm bevgdmleüb lkbsestg gb `gtgraebmr dm `eogrgblem `g bevgd qug gxestg gbtrg `ks k aís pubtks. Yk`gaks `eve`erdm pkr gd tepk `g ebstruagbtk qug sg utedezm y sgrí3 Dm bevgdmleüb hmrkaåtrelm sg hmsm gb gd preblepek `g qug m amykr mdturm agbkr prgseüb y qug m agbkr mdturm amykr prgseüb mtaksoårelm. Bevgdmleüb \mtgdetmd. Dm jgk`gsem smtgdetmd (\estgam JY\) pgraetg, ae`egb`k gb ak`k `eogrgblemd gstítelk, khtgbgr mdturms gdepske`mdgs auy prglesms y ag`embtg tålbelms `g ebtgrpkdmleüb supgroelemd, pug`g gsteamrsg dms kb`udmlekbgs `gd jgke`g. \g dkjrm msá lkbvgrter mdturms gdepske`mdgs gb mdturms skhrg gd bevgd ag`ek `gd amr. Gs dm `gtgraebmleüb `g lktms k mdturms `g ubk k aís pubtks ag`embtg gd ubk `g sestgam JY\ (\estgam `g Ykselekbmaegbtk Jdkhmd).
MCW\PG\ @G BE_GDMLEÜB Gd mcustg `g bevgdmlekbgs tegbg pkr khcgtevk `estrehuer gd grrkr `g legrrg khtgbe`k y fmddmr gd vmdkr `g dms lktms `g dks pubtks qug ebtgrvegbgb gb dm bevgdmleüb. Gd mcustg sg rgmdezmrí `g mlugr`k lkb gd aåtk`k gapdgm`k gb dm bevgdmleüb, pgrk segaprg, dm `estrehuleüb `gd grrkr `g legrrg sgrí prkpkrlekbmd m dms `estmblems `g bevgdm`m, k sgm, ubm `estrehuleüb debgmd `gd grrkr `gd legrrg.
YGB@EGBPG\ @G WB YGXOED M. Ygb`egbtg Ag`em `g ub Prmak Gs dm `eogrgblem tktmd `g gdgvmleüb `g ub trmak (lktm aíxeam “ lktm aábeam), `eve`e`m pkr su dkbjetu` tktmd (Dl)3 H. Ygb`egbtg Ag`em Ykb`grm`m Gs ub vmdkr aís —rmzkbmhdg‑ pmrm rgprgsgbtmr dm Ygb`egbtg Ag`em `g ub trmak gstu`em`k. Ymrm lmdludmrdk sg trmzm ubm dábgm, gb gd pgroed dkbjetu`ebmd, tmd qug gd írgm lkaprgb`e`m gbtrg gsm dábgm y dks gcgs lkkr`gbm`ks sgm ejumd m dm lkaprgb`e`m gbtrg gd pgroed y `elfks gcgs. Gb dm sejuegbtg oejurm sg rgprgsgbtmb dms `ks pgb`egbtgs `goebe`ms (Ag`em y Ag`em Ykb`grm`m)3
MCW\PG\ @G BE_GDMLEÜB Gd mcustg `g bevgdmlekbgs tegbg pkr khcgtevk `estrehuer gd grrkr `g legrrg khtgbe`k y fmddmr gd vmdkr `g dms lktms `g dks pubtks qug ebtgrvegbgb gb dm bevgdmleüb. Gd mcustg sg rgmdezmrí `g mlugr`k lkb gd aåtk`k gapdgm`k gb dm bevgdmleüb, pgrk segaprg, dm `estrehuleüb `gd grrkr grrkr `g legrrg sgrí prkpkrlekbmd m dms `estmblems `g bevgdm`m, k sgm, ubm `estrehuleüb debgmd `gd grrkr `gd legrrg. l egrrg.
YGB@EGBPG\ @G WB YGXOED M. Ygb`egbtg Ag`em `g ub Prmak Gs dm `eogrgblem tktmd `g gdgvmleüb `g ub trmak (lktm aíxeam “ lktm aábeam), `eve`e`m pkr su dkbjetu` tktmd (Dl)3
H. Ygb`egbtg Ag`em Ykb`grm`m Gs ub vmdkr aís —rmzkbmhdg‑ pmrm rgprgsgbtmr dm Ygb`egbtg Ag`em `g ub trmak gstu`em`k. Ymrm lmdludmrdk sg trmzm ubm dábgm, gb gd pgroed dkbjetu`ebmd, tmd qug gd írgm lkaprgb`e`m gbtrg gsm dábgm y dks dk s gcgs lkkr`gbm`ks sgm ejumd m dm lkaprgb`e`m gbtrg gd pgroed y `elfks gcgs. Gb dm sejuegbtg oejurm sg rgprgsgbtmb dms `ks pgb`egbtgs `goebe`ms (Ag`em y Ag`em Ykb`grm`m)3
Eamjgb =? Ygb`egbtg Ag`em vs Ygb`egbtg Ag`em Ykb`grm`m
G]WEYK @G PXMHMCK GAYDGM@K GB WBM BE_GDMLEÜB
M. Bevgd @g Ebjgbegrk Ebjgbegrk
Gd khcgtevk `g gstg mpmrmtk gs khtgbgr pdmbks fkrezkbtmdgs, lkbsejuegb`k `g gstg ak`k lkbklgr gd `gsbevgd gbtrg `ks pubtks.
Eamjgb =: Ymrtgs `g ub bevgd `g ebjgbegrk mutkaítelk mutkaítelk
H. Aerms Gs ubm rgjdm jrm`um`m qug pgraetg ag`embtg ub bevgd tkpkjríoelk, ag`er `gsbevgdgs, gs `gler, `eogrgblems `g mdturm. mdturm.
Eamjgb =6 Aerm tkpkjríoelm (ezquegr`m) Dglturm gb aerm tkpkjríoelm (`grglfm)
W\K @G BE_GD @G EBJGBEGXK EBJGBEGXK
L. Zeblfm Zeblfm \g usmb pmrm ag`er `estmblems y gstíb fglfms gb g b `eogrgbtgs amtgremdgs, dkbjetu`gs y pgsks. Dms aís lkaubgs skb fglfms fg lfms `g tgdm y `g mlgrk.
Eamjgb =5 Zeblfm @. Cmdkbgs3 \ervgb pmrm eb`elmr dklmdezmleüb `g pubtks k dm `erglleüb `g dábgms tgapkrmdagbtg aegbtrms `urgb dms ag`elekbgs, segb`k pugstms gb pkseleüb vgrtelmd ym sgm gapdgmb`k trápk`gs gspglemdgs k usmb`k ktrk cmdüb lkak pubtumd. p ubtumd.
Eamjgb 89 Cmdkbgs
G. Prápk`g Gs ub ebstruagbtk qug tegbg dm pmrteludmre`m` `g skpkrtmr ub gquepk `g ag`eleüb lkak ub tmquáagtrk k bevgd, su ambgck gs sgbleddk, pugs lkbstm `g trgs pmtms qug pug`gb sgr `g am`grm k `g mduaebek, dms qug skb rgjudmhdgs pmrm msá pk`gr tgbgr ub agckr ambgck pmrm suher k hmcmr dms pmtms qug sg gblugbtrmb oecms gb gd tgrrgbk. Gd pdmtk lkbstm `g ub tkrbeddk gd lumd oecm gd gquepk qug sg vm m utedezmr pmrm fmlgr dms ag`elekbgs.
Eamjgb 8= trápk`g
W\K @G BE_GD @G EBJGBEGXK EBJGBEGXK
O. Jps bmvgjm`kr Lkaóbagbtg ddmam`k JY\ gs ub sestgam `g bmvgjmleüb pkr smtådetg, tmaheåb lkbkle`k pkr sus sejdms JY\ (\estgam `g Ykselekbmaegbtk Jdkhmd), gb rgmde`m` sg trmtm `g ub gquepk qug gapdgm gd lkbkle`k \estgam Jdkhmd `g bmvgjmleüb pkr \mtådetg (JB\\) gd aesak qug gb dm mltumde`m` mhmrlm dks sestgams JY\, JDKBM\\, HGE@KW y JMDEDGK gbtrg dks preblepmdgs. M pgsmr `g dks mvmblgs mltumdgs `g dks sestgams —JB\\‑ bk sg fm dkjrm`k tgbgr ubm prgleseüb hugbm gb dk qug sg rgoegrg m bevgdmlekbgs> seb gahmrjk, pk`gaks gapdgmrdk pmrm jgkrrgogrgblemr dks trmhmcks `g dgvmbtmaegbtk lkb bevgd `g ebjgbegrk.
Eamjgb 88 JY\ Bmvgjm`kr
W\K @G BE_GD @G EBJGBEGXK EBJGBEGXK
_EE. MBMDE\ U @E\LW\EKB @G XG\WDPM@K\ Ymrm `gtgraebmr dm pgb`egbtg gb pkrlgbtmcg bks juemaks `gd sejuegbtg jríoelk.
@gd jríoelk tgbgaks qug3 ( (5.=?: 5.=?:)) 1
↘ 1 =?.=
