Informe sobre Bomba Centrifuga

“UNIVERSIDAD “UNIVERSIDAD NACIONA N ACIONAL L DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ”  FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

TEMA:  CAVITACIÓN DE LA BOMBA CENTRIFUGA DEL LABORATORIO DE OPERACIONES  PROCESOS UNITARIOS DE LA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA DE LA UNCP

CÁTEDRA

: TRANSFERENCIA DE FLUJO DE FLUIDOS

CATEDRÁTICO

: Ing. GUEVARA YANQUI, Pascua

INTEGRANTES

:

CAJAHUAMÁN RODRIGUEZ MARÍA EUGENIA__________________I.Q.

MU!OZ SALOM" MILAGROS_________________________________I.Q. ROSALES CASAS STIVEN____________________________________I.Q.A TORRES CARDENAS RAÚL___________________________________I.Q

SEMESTRE

:

VI

!"#$ C%n&'n()%  _____________________________________________________ ________________________________3 ____3 INTRODUCCIÓN  _________________________  _____________________________________________________________5 __________________5 OBJETIVOS  ___________________________________________

MARCO TEORICO  _______________________________________________________6  _______________________________________________23 ______________23 MARCO EXPERIMENTAL _________________________________ PROCEDIMIENTO____________________________________________________24

CONCLUSIONES  ______________________________  _______________________________________________________38 _________________________38 RECOMENDACIONES  __________________________________________________38 BIBLIOGRAFIA __________________________  ________________________________________ ____________________________ _________________41 ___41  _____________________________________________ _________________________________ __________________42 42  ANEXOS  ______________________________

MU!OZ SALOM" MILAGROS_________________________________I.Q. ROSALES CASAS STIVEN____________________________________I.Q.A TORRES CARDENAS RAÚL___________________________________I.Q

SEMESTRE

:

VI

!"#$ C%n&'n()%  _____________________________________________________ ________________________________3 ____3 INTRODUCCIÓN  _________________________  _____________________________________________________________5 __________________5 OBJETIVOS  ___________________________________________

MARCO TEORICO  _______________________________________________________6  _______________________________________________23 ______________23 MARCO EXPERIMENTAL _________________________________ PROCEDIMIENTO____________________________________________________24

CONCLUSIONES  ______________________________  _______________________________________________________38 _________________________38 RECOMENDACIONES  __________________________________________________38 BIBLIOGRAFIA __________________________  ________________________________________ ____________________________ _________________41 ___41  _____________________________________________ _________________________________ __________________42 42  ANEXOS  ______________________________

INTRODUCCIÓN  A *')()a +u' a*%s a)+u(-('n)% c%n%c(*('n&%s n%s a*%s )an)% cu'n&a su-g'n agun%s -%/'*as 'n a ()a )(a-(a, &a 's ' '0'*% )' %)'- 'a- &-ans%-&a- 1+u()%s )' uga-'s )(s&an&'s, 's %- 's&% +u' su-g' a ()'a )' usa- una *a+u(na caa2 )' 3ac'-%. La *4+u(na +u' -'a(2a-a 's&' &-a/a0% 's a /%*/a. Es&%s )(s%s(&(%s s' cas(5(can 'n -%&a&%-(as, -'c(-%can&'s 6 c'n&-15ugas. Es&a 7&(*a, 's c%n a +u' &-a/a0a*%s 'n ' 'nsa6% )' /%*/as 6a +u' 's&as s%n ' &(% )' /%*/as +u' s' u&((2an c%n *a6%- 5-'cu'nc(a 'n a (n)us&-(a +u1*(ca. Una /%*/a 's un )(s%s(&(% &a, +u' -'c(/('n)% 'n'-g1a *'c4n(ca )' una 5u'n&' '8&'-(%-, a &-ans5%-*a 'n una 'n'-g1a )' -'s(9n &-ans*(s(/' )' un uga- a %&-% )' un s(s&'*a 3()-4u(c% a &-as )' un 1+u()% cu6as *%cuas 's&n s%*'&()as -'c(sa*'n&' a 'sa -'s(9n. Su 5unc(%na*('n&% 's s(*', )(c3as /%*/as usan ' '5'c&% c'n&-15ug% a-a *%'- ' 1+u()% 6 au*'n&a- su -'s(9n. D'n&-% )' una c4*a-a 3'-*&(ca )%&a)a )' 'n&-a)a 6 sa()a ;&%-n(% s(n 5(n % %u&a< g(-a una -u')a c%n a'&a ;-%)'&'%s a '+u(% 6 's(%n's a '-s%na. Agun%s a )'5(n'n c%*% ' -u()% )' g%'&'% % &-a+u'&'% +u' s' -%)uc' 'n una /%*/a, %&-%s a a*an Wa&(na0'X )'/()% a +u' a -'s(9n )' a /%*/a )'c-'c' 6 ' cau)a s' &%-na '--4&(c%, (*(ca un -%c's% )(n4*(c% )' 5%-*ac(9n )' /u-/u0as )'n&-% )' 1+u()%, su c-'c(*('n&% 6 su/s'cu'n&' c%asa*('n&% a *')()a +u' ' 1+u()% 5u6' a &-as )' a /%*/a. Cuan)% s' -%)uc' ca(&ac(9n, a /%*/a n% s%a*'n&' n% cu*' c%n su s'-(c(% /4s(c% )' /%*/'a- un 1+u()% s(n% +u' &a*/(n '8'-(*'n&a )a>%s (n&'-n%s, 5aas )' %s s'%s, -%)a*('n&%s, '&c. La ca(&ac(9n u')' s'- ' -(nc(a -%/'*a 'n % +u' s' -'5('-' a /%*/'% )' 5u()%s. En *uc3as %cas(%n's, s' c-'' +u' a ca(&ac(9n 's un -%/'*a )' a /%*/a 'n s1 *(s*a. Y *4s /('n 's un -%/'*a )' a (ns&aac(9n +u' aa-'c' s9% 'n a

/%*/a %-+u' as c%n)(c(%n's 3an ca*/(a)% % %-+u', 'n -(*'- uga-, a /%*/a n% s' (ns&a9 c%--'c&a*'n&'. N% (*%-&a cu4 s'a ' &(% )' /%*/a: c'n&-15ugas, )' )'sa2a*('n&% %s(&(%, au&%c'/an&'s % su*'-g(/'s, &%)as 'as u')'n su5-(- %s '5'c&%s )' a ca(&ac(9n.

B5+(5/ *9 @/ C/6),/7);9# G'n'-a*'n&' as /u-/u0as +u' s' 5%-*an )'n&-% )' un 1+u()% s%n )' )%s &(%s:  B5+(5/ 0* 6/:-+# S' 5%-*an )'/()% a a a%-(2ac(9n )' 1+u()% /%*/'a)%. La ca(&ac(9n (n)uc()a %- a 5%-*ac(9n 6 c%as% )' 's&as /u-/u0as s' c%n%c' c%*% ca(&ac(9n Va%-%sa.  B5+(5/ 0* 8/# S' 5%-*an %- a -'s'nc(a )' gas's )(su'&%s 'n ' 1+u()% /%*/'a)% ;g'n'-a*'n&' a(-' '-% u')' s'- cua+u('- gas -'s'n&' 'n ' s(s&'*a% )' a /%*/a, -u()% '8c's(%, a&a (/-ac(9n 6 )'sgas&' 'n agun%s c%*%n'n&'s )' a /%*/a. La '8&'ns(9n )' )a>% u')' (- )'s)' unas (ca)u-as -'a&(a*'n&' *'n%-'s )'sus )' a>%s )' s'-(c(%, 3as&a 5aas ca&as&-95(cas 'n un c%-&% '-(%)% )' &('*%.

C/6),/7);9 G/*-/# S' -%)uc' %- '5'c&% )' gas's )(su'&%s ;*4s c%*7n*'n&' a(-'< 'n ' 1+u()%. Es&a ca(&ac(9n -a-a*'n&' -%)uc' )a>% 'n ' (*us%- % ca-ca2a. Su '5'c&% -(nc(a 's una -)()a )' caac()a). N% )'/' c%n5un)(-s' c%n ' (ng-'s% )' a(-' % /%*/'% )' 1+u()%s 'su*%s%s, s(&uac(%n's +u' n% n'c'sa-(a*'n&'

-%)uc'n ca(&ac(9n '-% s1 -')ucc(9n )' caac()a), )'&'nc(9n )' /%*/'% 6 %&-%s -%/'*as. #

ETAPAS DE LA CAVITACIN:

a F%-*ac(9n )' /u-/u0as )'n&-% )' 1+u()%: Las /u-/u0as s' 5%-*an )'n&-% )' 1+u()% cuan)% 's&' s' a%-(2a. Es&% 's, cuan)% ca*/(a )'s)' a 5as' (+u()a a a )' a%-. La a%-(2ac(9n )' cua+u('- 1+u()% )'n&-% )' un c%n&'n')%- s' -%)uc' 6a s'a %-+u' a -'s(9n s%/-' a su'-5(c(' )' 1+u()% )(s*(nu6' 3as&a s'- (gua % (n5'-(%- a su -'s(9n )' a%- ;a a &'*'-a&u-a ac&ua%s )'/()%s a a ca(&ac(9n% )' &%)% &(% )' /a-c%s )'/()% a +u' ac%-&a a ()a 7&( )' agunas a-&'s &a's c%*% as 3(c's 6 %s &(*%n's. En ' cas% )' %s su/*a-(n%s 's&' '5'c&% 's &%)a1a *4s 's&u)(a)%, '(&a)% ' (n)'s'a)%, u's&% +u' (*%s(/((&a a 's&%s na1%s )' gu'--a *an&'n'- sus ca-ac&'-1s&(cas %'-a&(as )' s('nc(% ' (n)'&'c&a/(()a) %- as (/-ac(%n's 6 -u()%s +u' a ca(&ac(9n -%%ca 'n ' casc% 6 as 3(c's. E c%as% )' as ca()a)'s 'n&-a>a g-an can&()a) )' 'n'-g1a +u' u')' causa- un )a>% 'n%-*'. La ca(&ac(9n u')' a5'c&a- a cas( cua+u('- *a&'-(a. Las (ca)u-as causa)as %- ' c%as% )' as ca()a)'s -%)uc'n un 'n%-*' )'sgas&' 'n %s )(5'-'n&'s c%*%n'n&'s 6 u')'n ac%-&a- 'n%-*'*'n&' a ()a )' as /%*/as % 3(c's. A)'*4s )' &%)%

%

an&'-(%-,

a

c-'ac(9n

6

%s&'-(%-

c%as%

)'

as

/u-/u0as

c-'an 5-(cc(9n 6 &u-/u'nc(as 'n ' 1+u()%. Es&% c%n&-(/u6' a una -)()a a)(c(%na )' -'n)(*('n&% 'n %s )(s%s(&(%s s%*'&()%s 

FACTORES QUE PUEDEN SER CONFUNDIDOS CON CAVITACIN:

Es&%s 5ac&%-'s s%n: R'c(-cuac(9n )' a As(-ac(9n: Ocu--' 'n %s Áa/'s, s' )a a c%--%s(9n c%*% c%ns'cu'nc(a )' a %'-ac(9n )' a /%*/a c%n cau)a's *u6 /a0%s. R'c(-cuac(9n )' a I*us(9n: Ocu--' 'n' ' )(4*'&-% %s&'-(%- )' (*us%- %cas(%nan)% ' )a>% )' a un&a )' %s  Áa/'s )'/()% &a*/(n a +u' a /%*/a &-a/a0a c%n cau)a's *u6 /a0%s.  A--as&-' )' A(-': Cuan)% as /u-/u0as )' a%- 6a s' 'ncu'n&-an 'n ' 1+u()% an&'s +u' 's&' 'gu' a a /%*/a causa, %s *(s*%s )a>%s +u' a ca(&ac(9n %- '% a *'nu)% s' ' c%n5un)' *4s

a 's&' 5ac&%- c%n a ca(&ac(9n. Tan&% a ca(&ac(9n c%*% ' a--as&-' )' a(-' u')'n ac&ua-  6 )a-s' 'n s(*u&4n'%.

I1:@-);9 0* B5+(5/ 0* V/:-+# ;M%&&, !""$a- ' '+u(%  D'sus )' (*(a- cu()a)%sa*'n&' %s *a&'-(a's )' a /%*/a, asa*%s a c%%ca- %s &%-n(%s nu'a*'n&' a-a n% '8&-a(a-%s

%. A+1/0- 0* @/ (-1(/ K)0+5@)7/ U&((2a- ' s'% *'c4n(c% a-a 3ac'- ' cu-a)% )' as a-&'s +u' s' a un(- c%n a '*a+u'&a)u-a.  P-%c')'- a 'n&%-n(a-

2.$.% P+-7*- 0*@ 597)-9/1)*9,- 0* @/ (-1(/  c'/a- a /%*/a 6 '-(5(ca- +u' a 4ua )' g%/% 's&' a/('-&a.  S( s' )a ' cas% +u' n%s %()'*%s )' c'/a- 6 s' 'nc('n)' 6 c%*('n2a a g(-a- a /%*/a c%*% n% 3a6 1+u()% s' ca('n&a 6 s' *a%g-a  Pa-a +u' n% s' ca('n&' ' 1+u()% ;agua< 5unc(%na c%*% -'5-(g'-an&'.  L'na- ' )'9s(&% c%n agua 3as&a 'ga- a cu/-(- &%&a*'n&' a 4ua c3'c`.

 Enc'n)'- a /%*/a c'n&-(5uga.

FENMENO DE LA CAVITACIN EN LA ?OM?A CENTRIFUGA USADA EN EL

$

LOPU

D'/()% a +u' a -'s(9n )' ac1% 's *a6%- a a -'s(9n )' a%- )' 5u()% ;'s% n%s (n)(ca-1a a a-(ac(9n )' -'s(9n 'n ' acu9*'&-%< +u' 's&a*%s &-ans%-&an)%, 's&%, %-(g(na +u' ' 5u()% %g-' 3'-(- &-ans5%-*an)% a-&' )' 5u()% 'n /u-/u0as. P%s&'-(%-*'n&', cuan)% as /u-/u0as a 3ac(a a 2%na )' a&a -'s(9n ;sa()a )' -%)'&' B.#

V-@51*9 =L> #!.

C/50/@ B.$#!B$

B.!

#".

B.!$!##

B.$

#!.

B.BBBBB B.$!B

−3

3

Q=3.4689 × 10 m / s

Pa-&('n)% )' a 'cuac(9n )' ?'-n%u(:

2

2

 P1 V 1  P2 V 2 +℘= z 2+ + +h  z 1+ + γ 1 2 g γ 2 2 g f  2

V  ℘=∆ H + 2 + hf  2g

D's'0an)%: h f =

∑

2

Lv f  + 2 Dg

∑

2

V  k  2g

C/@75@/90- @/ :+0)0/ *9 @/ ,5(*+/ 0* % :5@8# C4cu% )' a '%c()a): −3

Q 3.4689 × 10 V 2= = =1.6024 m / s  A 2 2.1648 × 10−3

Cacuan)% ' n7*'-% )' R'6n%)s: −2

 ρνD 998.74 × 1.5815 × 5.25 × 10 ℜ= = =77796.29 ≈ 7.7796 × 10 4 −3  μ 1.080 × 10 ε aan)%  D  C%ns()'-an)% a a &u/'-1a )' *a&'-(a ('--% gaan(2a)%: −2

ε 0.0152 × 10 −2 = =0.289 × 10 −2  D 5.25 × 10

En&%nc's 'n ' )(ag-a*a )' M%%)6 &'n'*%s: f  =0,044

aa*%s as -)()as %- 5-(cc(9n: 2

h2=

f × L × v  Ac × v + 2 Dg 2g

2

h2=

0.044 × 0.23 × 1.5815 −2

2

2 × 5.25 × 10 × 9.81

+( 1 + 8.5 + 0.8 )

1.5815

2

2 × 9.81

h2=1.3732 m

C/@75@/90- @/ :+0)0/ *9 @/ ,5(*+/ 0* $ :5@8# C4cu% )' a '%c()a): −3

Q 3.4689 × 10 =6.2189 m / s V 1= =  A 1 5.578 × 10−4

Cacuan)% ' n7*'-% )' R':  ρνD  μ

ℜ=

ℜ=

998.74

−2

× 6.2189 × 2.665 × 10 −3 1.080 × 10

ℜ=1527628.6340 ≈ 1.52 × 105 ε

aan)%  D  C%ns()'-an)% a a &u/'-1a )' *a&'-(a ('--% gaan(2a)%: −2

ε 0.0152 × 10 −2 = −2 =0.569 × 10  D 2.67 × 10

En&%nc's 'n ' )(ag-a*a )' M%%)6 &'n'*%s: f  =0,042

aa*%s as -)()as %- 5-(cc(9n: 2

f × L × v  Ac × v h1= + 2 Dg 2g

h1=

2

0.042 × 1.07 × 6.1539 −2

2 × 2.665 × 10

2

× 9.81

+(1.5 + 1.3 + 0.35 + 0.2 + 3 )

6.1539

2

2 × 9.81

h1=7.7349 m

Su*an)% 's&as -)()as s' &('n': h f =7.7349 + 1.3732= 9.1081 m

En&%nc's ' &-a/a0% -'a(2a)% %- a /%*/a 'n *'&-%s 's:

2

V 2 ℘= ∆ H + + hf  2g

℘= 0.39 + 9.1081 +

1.6024

2 × 9.81

℘= 9.6289 m

S*8590/ :/+,*# CALCULO DE LA POTENCIA  POTENCIA =℘ × γ × Q −3

 POTENCIA =9.6289 × 9810 × 3.4689 × 10  POTENCIA =327.6706 CV 

2

 POTENCIA =244,3439 kW 

CONCLUSIONES

C%*% -'su&a)% )' (n5%-*' s' %g-a c%ncu(- c%n +u' s' ()'n&(5(c9 a 's&-uc&u-a 6

•

5unc(%na*('n&% )' a /%*/a c'n&-(5uga, a (gua s' %g-9 %/s'-a- ' 5'n9*'n% )' ca(&ac(9n 'n a *(s*a, ()'n&(5(ca- sus causas 6 a *an'-a 'n +u' s' *an(5('s&a 's&' 5'n9*'n% *')(an&' s%n()%s, (/-ac(%n's 6 c%*% c%ns'cu'nc(a )' '% a c%--%s(9n )' *a&'-(a )' a /%*/a, )' 's' *%)% u)(*%s c%*-'n)'- ' (n)uc(- a a ca(&ac(9n a-a %s&'-(%-*'n&' a(ca- %s /aanc's )' *a&'-(a 6 'n'-g1a % cua n%s '-*(&(9 ana(2a- a7n *'0%- a ca(&ac(9n 'n a /%*/a -'su&a)% 5(na s' %/&u% a %&'nc(a )' a /%*/a 's

c'n&-(5uga c%*%

244,3439 kW 

RECOMENDACIONES •

S' )'/' c'/a- a /%*/a an&'s )' -%c')'- a 'nc'n)'-a.

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N% -'a(2a- nunca &-a/a0%s )' *an&'n(*('n&% cuan)% a *4+u(na 's& c%n'c&a)a a a a(*'n&ac(9n 'c&-(ca

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N% s' )'/' 3ac'- 5unc(%na- nunca a /%*/a c%n cau)a's '8c's(a*'n&' a&%s % /a0%s.

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La /%*/a s' a*ac'na 'n un uga- (*(% 6 s'c%, '0%s )' (/-ac(%n's. Las cu/('-&as )' as c%n'8(%n's a-a &u/'-1as )'/'n *an&'n'-s' 'n %s(c(9n a-a '(&a- +u' 'n&-' suc(')a) 6 %&-as *a&'-(as '8&-a>as 'n ' cu'-% )' a /%*/a.

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4gas' g(-a- a /%*/a a (n&'-a%s a-a (*')(- +u' s' 'n)u-'2can %s c%0(n'&'s 6 +u' s' 'gu'n as ca-as )' 's&an+u'()a), s( as 3a6.

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V'-(5(+u' +u' a /%*/a g(-' 'n ' s'n&()% (n)(ca)% %- a 5'c3a g-a/a)a 'n ' cu'-% )' a /%*/a.

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N% *'2ca- nunca g-asas +u' c%n&'ngan )(5'-'n&'s /as's, ag'n&'s 's'sa)%-'s % a)(&(%s.

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 An&'s )' a--anca- a un()a) a-a %'-ac(9n 'n s'-(c(% c%n&(nu%, c%*-u/'s' +u' &an&% a &u/'-1a )' 'n&-a)a c%*% ' cu'-% )' a /%*/a 's&n 'n%s )' 1+u()%.

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Las c%n'8(%n's 'c&-(cas )'/'n s'- -'a(2a)as %- un &cn(c% ''c&-(c(s&a caac(&a)%, 6 )' c%n5%-*()a) c%n %s -'ga*'n&%s nac(%na's ' (n&'-nac(%na's.

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La /%*/a s%% )'/' u&((2a-s' a-a *an'0a- 1+u()%s a-a %s +u' 's&4 a-%/a)a, )' *an'-a +u' &'nga a c%--'c&a -'s(s&'nc(a a a c%--%s(9n.

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V'-(5(ca- ' c'/a)% )' a /%*/a %- a 4ua )' a'-&u-a -4()a. C'/a- a /%*/a 'n cas% c%n&-a-(% %- a *(s*a 4ua.

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V'-(5(ca- a c%n'8(9n 'c&-(ca 6 su -%&'cc(9n c%n&-a ' 1+u()%.  A -'a(2a- ' ca*/(% )' '*a+u'&a)u-a s%% c%%ca- a c%n&%-n% )' an(% c'n&-a, u's s(n% s' causa *'n%s a0us&'.

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O&-a 5%-*a )' )'&'c&a- ' 5'n9*'n% )' ca(&ac(9n 'n a /%*/a 's *')(an&' s'>a's ac7s&(cas % )' (/-ac(9n, %- '% s' sug('-' c%%ca- s'ns%-'s %s cua's u')an )'&'-*(na- 5-'cu'nc(as 6 *agn(&u)'s -%(as )' una 5aa.

?I?LIOGRAFIA -

O. LEVENSPIEL@  Fu0% )' Fu()%s ' (n&'-ca*/(% )' ca%-@ E)(&%-(a R''-&' S. A. Esa>a #B.

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E. COSTA NOVELLA@ Ing'n('-1a Qu1*(ca, Fu0% )' Fu()%s. V% B E)(&%-(a  A3a*/-a, #-a. E)(c(9n, Esa>a #.

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CLAUDIO MATAI^@ M'c4n(ca )' Fu()%s 6 M4+u(nas ()-a7(cas@ !)a. E)(c(9n. E)(&%-(a a-a S.A. M8(c% #.

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N.N. PAS\OV@ F.M. DOLQACEV@ ()-4u(ca 6 M4+u(na ()-4u(cas. E)(&%-(a MIR, M%sc7, #.

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PASCOAL SILVESTRE@ Fun)a*'n&%s )' ()-4u(ca G'n'-a@ E)(&%-(a LIMUSA, M8(c%, #.

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3&&:'s.(`(')(a.%-g(`(?%*/ab3()-CBA#u(ca

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3&&:usua-(%s.(%n'&.'s0s3()-au(ca/%*/as.3&*

 ANE^OS

FIG.$ AQUÍ SE PUEDE OBSERVAR LA BOMBA

FIG.% 597)-9/1)*9,- )9)7)/@ 0* @/ (-1(/

FIG.& :+-7*- 0* 0*/+1/0- 0* @/ (-1(/

FIG.' 1*0)7);9 0*@ A985@- 0* @/ /@*,/

FIG.2 1/9,*9)1)*9,- 0*@ +-,-+ 

FIG.3 @)/0- 0*@ +-,-+ 

FIG.4 B-1(/ @),/ :/+/ *@ *1:/