Informe Resaltado DE COMUNIDADES CAMPESINAS Y NATIVAS

 

DKNWC@MBMGT DKNWC@MBMG T DBNZGT@CBT P CB]@XBT

@C]QKMWDD@ÔC Ib pr prkt ktgd gdd` d`ôc ôc dk dkcs cst`t`tu tud` d`kc kcbi bi mg ib ibss dk dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss dbnp dbnpgs gs`c `cbs bs,, mbtb mbtb mgsm mgsmg g ib Dkcst`tud`ôc mg 201:, qug, gc pr`cd`p`k, ibs rgdkckdîb dknk dknuc`mbmgs `cmîegcbs, bi `eubi qug ib Dkcst`tud`ôc mg 2044. Zkstgr`krngctg, ib mgckn`cbd`ôc dkcst`tud`kcbi mg dknuc`mbmgs `cmîegcbs, hug sust`tu`mb pkr ib mg dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs, rgd`àc gc ib Dkcst`tud`ôc mg 2050. Gs mgd`r, o`stôr`dbngctg ibs dknuc`mbm dknuc`mbmgs gs dbnpgs`cbs gc cugstrbs dkcst`tud`kcg dkcst`tud`kcgs, s, obc s`mk sufgtks mg mgrgdoks dkcst`tud`kcbigs gc su dkcm`d`ôc mg dknuc`mbmgs `cmîegcbs. Zkstgr`krngctg, gc 20?8, sg iigvbrkc b dbak gspbd`ks mg m`bikek gctrg gi Gstbmk y iks rgpr rg prgs gsgc gctb tbct ctgs gs mg ib ibss dk dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss db dbnp npgs gs`c `cbs bs y cbt` cbt`vb vbs, s, mgck mgckn` n`cb cbmk mkss ik ikss ’Q`nbcbduy„, mkcmg gi Zrgs`mgctg mg ib Qgpöai`db mg gsb àpkdb, Bibc Ebrdîb Zàrgz, dk`cd`mgctgngctg dk`cd`mgc tgngctg bdtubi Zrgs`mgctg y, gi n`snk qug ghgdtöb ib kasgrvbd`ôc nbtgr`b mg bc bcâi âi`s `s`s `s,, pb pbrt rt`d `d`p `pô ô gc ib ibss pi pigc gcbr br`b `bss mg trba trbabf bfk k qug qug tgcî tgcîbc bc pkr pkr kafg kafgtk tk,, qug qug ibs ibs dk dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss pu pugm gmbc bc gxpr gxprgs gsbr br m` m`rg rgdt dtbn bngc gctg tg su prka prkaig ignâ nât`t`db db y pibc pibctg tgbr br ibs ibs bitgrcbt`vbs skiud`ôc. Dknk mg yiks sg katuvk ib Igy mg mg Dknuc`mbmgsmgDbnpgs`cbs (Igy rgsuitbmk Crk. 1=878) ib Q`nbcbduy Igy mg Mgsi`cmg y ]`tuibd`ôc Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs (Igy Crk. 1=875), bnabs igygs sg gcdugctrbc v`egctgs gc cugstrk krmgcbn`gctk furîm`dk. Gi Zg Zgrö rö gs uc pb pbîs îs pi piur ur`d `dui uitu turb rbii fu furî rîm` m`db dbng ngct ctg g obai obaibc bcmk mk,, gc su bhâc bhâc mg drgb drgbr  r  ngdb ng dbc` c`sn snks ks mg `c `ctg tger erbd bd`ô `ôc c du duititur urbi bi gi Gs Gstb tbmk mk rgdk rgdkck ckdg dg b ibs ibs Dk Dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs duyk kr`egc sg rgnkctb mgsmg ibs duiturbs prg `cdbs, sg ob rgdke`mk su gvkiud`ôc mgsmg ib àpkdb dkikc`bi obstb gi pgr`kmk Qgpuai`dbck .Gstk sg gv`mgcd`b b pbrt`r mg ib màdbmb mg iks sgsgctb dkc ib rghkrnb berbr`b rgdkckd`gcmk ib gx`stgcd`b mg ib m`vgrs`mbm duiturbi `cmîegcb y dkcsberbcmk bsî gi rgspgtk mg bieucks mgrgdoks dkigdt`vks dkigdt`vks gspgdîh`dks dknk gi mgrgdok bi `m`knb, gi mgrgdok b ib t`grrb, b iks rgdursks cbturbigs y pbrd`bingctg b ib fust`d`b cbt`vb dkc gi kafgt`vk mg `ctgerbr b iks `cmîegcbs b ib skd`gmbm cbd`kcbi y bi Gstbmk. Gs bsî, qug gcdugctrb su rgeuibd`ôc gc m`st`ctks dugrpks ckrnbt`vks< gctrg giibs ib Dkcst`tud`ôc Zkiît`db mg 2004, gi Dôm`ek D`v`i, Igy Cº 1=878 mg Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Igy Cº 11257 mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs. Mgsmg iugek, gs cgdgsbr`k obdgr uc bcâi`s`s gsdugtk bdgrdb ràe`ngc dkcst`tud`kcbi y su gx`stgcd`b igebi y Zgrskcgrîb Furîm`db mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs gc ib Dkcst`tud`ôc mg 2004, gc absg b iks pr`cd`p`ks qug gstb öit`nb rgdkckdg dknk6 Iks pr`cd`p`ks mg piurbi`snk àtc`dk y duiturbi, mg ib prkp`gmbm mg ibs n`snbs skarg ibs t`t`gr grrb rbss dknu dknucb cbig igs. s. Mg ib n` n`sn snb b nb nbcg cgrb rb ib Dk Dkcs cst`t`tu tud` d`ôc ôc rgeu rgeuib ib,, m`rg m`rgdt dtb b g `cm`rgdtbngctg, gstg rgdkckd`n`gctk mg pr`cd`p`ks gc m`vgrsks brtîduiks mg ib n`snb, bsî tgcgnks bi Brt. 1º, `cd.20, iks Brts.25º, =?º y 2=0º, y gc gspgd`bi iks Brts. ??º y ?0º, qug hkrnbc pbrtg mg su Dbpîtuik X@ mgckn`cbmk "Mgi Qàe`ngc Berbr`k y mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs

 

Zbrb uit`nbr ib prgsgctg `ctrkmudd`ôc ck sg pugmg mgfbr mgsbpgrd`a`mk gi trbtbn`gctk mg iks trbtbmks `ctgrcbd`kcbigs dknk skc6 gi dkcvgc`k 280 mg ib K@] y ib mgdibrbd`ôc mg ib KCW skarg mgrgdoks mg iks pugaiks `cmîegcbs.

BC]GDG BC]G DGMG MGC] C]GT GT O@T] O@T]ÔQ ÔQ@D @DKT KT MG IB IBT T DK DKNW NWC@ C@MB MBMG MGT T DB DBNZ NZGT GT@C @CBT BT P CB]@XBT. Dknk a`gc sg sbag, ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs ck skc drgbd`ôc mgi Mgrgdok yb qug su hkrnbd`ôc y gx`stgcd`b skc bctgr`krgs y prggx`stgctgs bi n`snk, ik qug ob ogdok gi Mgrgdok gs skik rgdkckdgr sus mgrgdoks b gstbs krebc`zbd`kcgs. Gc cugstrk pbîs, ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs t`gcgc uc kr`egc nuy bct`euk gc ibs ibs du duititur urbs bs pr prg g `c `cdb dbs, s, s` s`c c gn gnab abre rek, k, gc cu cugs gstr trk k trb trbab abfk fk skik skik vbnk vbnkss b rgdk rgdkeg egr  r  sud`ctbngctg su gvkiud`ôc mgsmg gi `cdbcbtk obstb ib àpkdb mg ib Qgpöai`db. •

Àpkdb mgi `cdbcbtk. `cdbcbtk.

Iks @cdb @cdbss b su bmvg bmvgc`n` c`n`gctk, gctk, gcdkctrb gcdkctrbrkc rkc kreb krebc`zb c`zbmks mks y gstb gstbaigd aigd`mk `mkss iks erupks dkigdt`vk dkig dt`vks, s, i`ebmks i`ebmks pkr tr`a tr`aus, us, dkchg dkchgmgrb mgrbd`kc d`kcgs gs y sgòk sgòkrîks. rîks. Tu Zki Zkiît`db ît`db dkcs dkcs`st` `st`ô ô gc mgstru`r gsbs dkchgmgrbd`kcgs y bi`bczbs dkcski`mbcmk iks byiius ikdbigs Gi byiiu igs s`rv`ô pbrb sus h`cgs mg gxpbcs`ôc y mg mkn`cbd`ôc. Gi tgrr`tkr`k duit`vbaig gc dbmb rge`ôc sg m`v`mîb gc t`grrbs mgi ski, mgi @cdb, mg ib dknuc`mbm y mg iks durbdbs. Ibs t`grrbs gctrgebmbs b iks n`gnarks mg ib pbrd`bi`mbm ck pkmîbc sgr vgcm`mbs vgcm`mbs,, brrgcmbm brrgcmbmbs, bs, c` trbcshgr`mbs. Grbc ngrks usuhrudtubr`ks. •

Dknuc`mbmgs gc ib àpkdb dkikc`bi .

Gi X`rrg`cbtk iks rgspgtb y iks bmkptb b su ngdbc`snk bmn`c`strbt`vk, du`mbcmk mg ck btbdbr sus dkstunargs c` su gstrudturb n`gctrbs ck s`ec`h`dbrbc uc pgi`erk pbrb gi ràe`ng ràe `ngc c dki dkikc kc`bi `bi k pbrb pbrb gi drà dràm` m`tk tk db dbtôi tôi`dk. `dk. Ibs Ibs Igygs Igygs mg @cm @cm`b `bs, s, bn bnpbr pbrbrk brkc c ib prkp`gm prkp `gmbm bm `cmîegcb `cmîegcb y rgdk rgdkckd` ckd`grkc grkc su kreb krebc`zb c`zbd`ôc d`ôc dknu dknuc`tb c`tbr`b. r`b. Tg `cst `cst`tuyg `tuygrkc rkc rgeibngctbd`kcgs n`cud`ksbs, sg drgbrkc ibs dbfbs mg ib dknuc`mbm y gstbs vbc bngst`zbcmksg y pgrm`gcmk su gxdius`vk egct`i`d`k gc tbctk qug gi vîcduik gdkcôn`dk sg bdgctöb. Gi prkdgsk mg ib dkcqu`stb y gi prkdgsk mg `cstburbd`ô `cstburbd`ôc c mgi hgumbi`snk berbr`k hrgctg b ib prkp`gmbm dkigdt`vb mgi Byiiu, gc ib dubi pbsbc b prkp`gmbm mg iks Gspbòkigs pkr  ôrmgcgs mgi Qgy, ibs t`grrbs qug hugrkc mg prkp`gmbm mgi @cdb, ibs t`grrbs mgi ski y ibs vbdbctgs< egcgrâcmksg uc prkdgsk mg rgpbrt`d`ôc mg t`grrbs qug berbvô gi nbi, pugs hbd`i`tô ib mgspkfk mg ib prkp`gmbm `cmîegcb. Ib Dkrkcb m`str`auyg ib t`grrb i`arg gc iktgs y ib pkaibd`ôc gc erupks. Tkc iks rgpbrt`n`gctks y ibs gcdkn`gcmbs. Gi X`rrgy ]kigmk rgprgsgctb gi nâs sgr`k gshugrzk mg krebc`zbd`ôc bmn`c`strbt`vb, bi gstbaigdgr qug iks `cm`ks qug sg obiibabc m`spgrsks v`v`rîbc gc rgmudd`kcgs y pugaiks, b iks iks qug qug mkt mktbab babc c mg t`grrb t`grrbss ibs qug sgrîb sgrîbc c trb trbab abfbm fbmbs bs gc hkr hkrnb nb dki dkigdt gdt`v `vb. b. Iks Iks `cmîegcbs sg gcdkctrbrîbc skngt`mks b sus dbd`qugs, ut`i`zbmks dknk bux`i`brgs mg ib bmn`c`strbd`ôc X`rrg`cbi y b iks bidbimgs `cmîegcbs bmn`c`strbmkrgs mg ib fust`d`b. Tg qu`sk ebrbct`zbr ib prkp`gmbm `cmîegcb k drgbrib gc dbsk mg ck gx`st`r, y pgrn`t`r ib karb mgi bmkdtr`cgrk y mgi nbgstrk.

 

Gc ib dkikc`b gx`st`ô ucb dibrb kpks`d`ôc gctrg su bspgdtk hkrnbi6 Ib ige`sibd`ôc mg @cm`bs y ib s`tubd`ôc rgbi6 Ib tr`stg y suhr`mb dkcm`d`ôc `cmîegcb. •

Ib Qgpöai`db y ibs dknuc`mbmgs. dknuc`mbmgs.

T` ib gnbcd`pbd`ôc hug uc pks`t`vk bmgibctk gc nbtgr`b pkiît`db, ck ik hug gc ik qug sg rgh`grg b ib fust`d`b skd`bi. Ck rgdibnô gctrg sus pkstuibmks c`ceucb rg`v`cm`dbd`ôc gspgdîh`db pbrb gi bakr`egc. Dbrgd`ô mg uc prkerbnb berbr`k. Dkcsgdugctg dkc iks pr`cd`p`ks mgi i`agrbi`snk `cm`v`mubi`stb y gc cknarg mg sus pkstuibmks btbdô b ibs dknuc`mbmgs, dknuc`mbm gs, ibs qug hugrkc dkcs`mgrbmbs dknk `cst`tud`kc `cst`tud`kcgs gs qug mgagrîbc gi`n`cbrsg pkr rgprgsgctbr gi pbsbmk. Murbctg ib Qgpöai`db sg dkcs`ct`ô gi prkdgsk mg mgspkfk mg sus tgrr`tkr`ks b ibs dknuc` dkn uc`mbm mbmgs gs dkc ib dkn dknpi pibdg bdgcd` cd`b b mg ibs bu butkr tkr`m `mbmg bmgs, s, s`c gna gnabre brek k hbv hbvkr krgd` gd`ô ô ib dkcski`mbd`ôc mg ib prkp`gmbm `cm`v`mubi, tbctk mg ib pgqugòb dknk mg ib erbcmg. B ib sk skna narb rb mg ibs ibs ig igyg ygss y mg mgdr drgt gtks ks qu qug g sg m` m`dt dtbr brkc kc,, murb murbct ctg g ib gtbp gtbpb b `c`d `c`d`b `bii mg ib Qgpöai`db, sg dkcdgctrô ib prkp`gmbm gc kpks`d`ôc bi hrbdd`kcbn`gctk qug sg prkmufk murbctg iks öit`nks bòks mgi v`rrg`cbtk. Akiîvbr m`skiv`ô pkr Mgdrgtks mg 2?1= y 2?17, ibs Dknuc`mbmgs `cmîegcbs. Krmgcô ib pbrdgibd`ôc mg ibs t`grrbs, pbsbcmk iks dknucgrks b sgr mugòks mg giibs. Gi Mgdrgtk mg 2?17 gstbaigd`ô qug sôik b pbrt`r mg 2?7: pkmrîbc iks `cmîegcbs gcbfgcbr sus t`grrbs. Ktrb Igy mg 2?1? rgdkckd`ô b iks `cm`ks y ngst`zks pkr mugòks, dkc pigck mkn`c`k mg ibs t`grrbs qug gc ib hgdob kdupbsgc pkr rgpbrtk k s`c dkctrbm`dd`ôc< pgrk sôik pkmrîbc gcbfgcbribs iks qug sup`grbc iggr y gsdr`a`r. Igfks mg dkcski`mbrsg gi mgrgdok mg prkp`gmbm `cm`v`mubi `cmîegcb< bi bnpbrk mg ibs ngm`mbs qug m`dtb Akiîvbr pkr ngm`k mgi dubi sg o`zk h`dt`d`bngctg prkp`gtbr`k bi `cm`k ouak uc drgd`n`gctk mgi ibt`hucm`k. Gi ibt`hucm`snk sg `ctgcs`h`db, bmgnâs pkr gi ogdok mg qug cugvks erupks skd`bigs, bmqu`grgc gi pkmgr pkiît`dk. Murbctg iks pr`ngrks bòks, ib Qgpöai`db, v`vg gc pigck dbum`iibfg dbum`iibfg n`i`tbr. Tg dbrgd`ô mg kr`gctbd`kcgs hrgctg bi prkaignb `cmîegcb.

BC]GDGMGC]GT DKCT]@]WD@KCBIGT MG IBT DKNWC@MBMGT DBNZGT@CBT P CB]@XBT Cugstrk pbîs ob tgc`mk uc tktbi mg mkdg Dbrtbs Zkiît`dbs, pgrk ck gc tkmbs sg ob rgdkckd`mk b ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs mga`mk b qug gstbs s`gnprg obc gstbmk rgzbebmbs pkr gi Dkcst`tuygctg bi ngcks obstb gi s`eik __, su rgdkckd`n`gctk ik v` v`si siun unar arbn bnks ks rg rgd` d`àc àc gc ib Dk Dkcs cst`t`tu tud` d`ôc ôc mg 201: 201: Brt.= Brt.=2¶ 2¶ qug qug "rgd "rgdkc kckd kdg g ib `nprgsdr`pt`a`i`mbm mg ib prkp`gmbm mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs mg `cmîegcbs", y gi 7?¶ qug "rgdkckdg gx`stgcd`b igebi mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs `cmîegcbs". Ib Dk Dkcs cst`t`tu tud` d`ôc ôc mg 20 2050 50 dk dkct ctgc gcîb îb uc db dbp` p`tu tuik ik hkrn hkrnbm bmk k pkr pkr trgs trgs brtîd brtîdui uiks ks qug qug mgsbrrkiibabc gi tgnb mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs. Bmgnâs gc gi  Brt.278º, gi Gstbmk Gstbmk ig ktkreb pr` pr`kr`mbm kr`mbm bi mg mgsbrrkiik sbrrkiik `ctge `ctgerbi rbi mgi sgdtkr be berbr`k. rbr`k.

 

]bna`àc grb `npkrtbctg rgsbitbr qug, gi Gstbmk ebrbct`zbab sgeöc gi Brt.275º gi mg mgrgd rgdok ok mg prk prkp` p`gmb gmbm m pr pr`vb `vbmb mb ska skarg rg ib t`grrb t`grrb,, gc hkr hkrnb nb `cm` `cm`v`m v`mubi ubi,, dkk dkkpg pgrbt rbt`vb `vb,, dknucbi, butkegst`kcbr`b k dubiqu`gr ktrb hkrnb bskd`bt`vb, m`rgdtbngctg dkcmud`mb pkr sus prkp`gtbr`ks, gc brnkcîb dkc gi `ctgràs skd`bi y mgctrk mg ibs rgeuibd`kcgs y i`n`tbd`kcgs qug gstbaigdgc ibs igygs. Oby dkcmudd`ôc m`rgdtb bdibrb gi brtîduik d`tbmk dubc dubcmk mk gi pksg pksggm gmkr kr ig igeî eît`t`nk nk g `c `cng ngm` m`bt btk, k, t`t`gc gcg g ib m`rg m`rgdd dd`ô `ôc c pg pgrs rskc kcbi bi y ib rgspkcsb rgsp kcsba`i` a`i`mbm mbm mg ib gnpr gnprgsb. gsb. Ibs t`grr t`grrbs bs bab babcmkc cmkcbmbs bmbs pbsbabc b mkn` mkn`c`k c`k mgi Gstbmk pbrb su bmfum`dbd`ôc b dbnpgs`cks s`c t`grrbs. Mgsbrrkiibcmk Mgsbrrkii bcmk gi dbpîtuik gc gspgdîh`dk gstbaigd`mk pkr ib Dbrtb Hucmbngctbi mg 2050, gcdkctrbnks qug gc gi Brt.282ºsg gstbaigdîb "…qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs t`gcgc gx`stgcd`b igebi y pgrskcgrîb furîm`db, bmgnâs grbc butôcknbs gc su kr kreb ebc` c`zb zbd` d`ôc ôc,, trb trbab abfk fk dk dknu nucb cbii y usk usk mg ib t`gr t`grrb rb,, bsî bsî dknk dknk gc ik gdkc gdkcôn ôn`d `dk k y bmn`c`strbt`vk mgctrk mgi nbrdk qug ib igy gstbaigdg. ]bna`àc gc gstb Dbrtb Zkiît`db yb sg rgdkckdîb gi piur`duiturbi`snk furîm`dk, bmgnâs ài sg prkp`d`bab ib supgrbd`ôc duiturbi mg sus `ctgerbctgs". Gc gi Brt. Brt.28 281¶ 1¶ sg gstb gstbai aigd gdîb îb "… "…ib ib pr prkn knkd kd`ô `ôc c mgi mgi gi mgsb mgsbrr rrki kiik ik `c `ctg tger erbi bi mg ibs ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs, bmgnâs sg hkngctbab ib hkrnbd`ôc mg gnprgsbs dknucbigs y dkkpgrbt`vbs" Gc 284¶ sg gstbaigdîb "…ib `cgnabreba`i`mbm g `nprgsdr`pt`a`i`mbm mg ibs t`grrbs mg gi ibsBrt Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs. ]bna`àc ib `cbi`gcba`i`mbm, sbivk igy hucmbmb gc gi `ctgràs mg ib Dknuc`mb Dknuc`mbm, m, y ski`d`tbmb pkr ucb nbykrîb mg iks mks tgrd`ks mg iks n`gnarks dbi`h`dbmks mg gstb, k gc dbsk mg gxprkp`bd`ôc pkr cgdgs`mbm y ut`i` ut`i`mbm mbm pö pöai` ai`dbs dbs,, bm bmgnâ gnâss sg prk prko` o`aîb aîb gi bdb bdbpb pbrbn rbn`g `gctk ctk mg t`grrb t`grrbss mgc mgctrk trk mg ib Dknuc`mbm. Gc 208= sg prknuieô ib igy 27:45, igy mg rghkrnb berbr`b, qug s` a`gc dkcs`mgrbab ck bhgdtbaigs ibs t`grrbs kdupbmbs pkr ibs tr`aus bakrîegcgs mg ib sgivb gc ib gxtgcs`ôc cgdgsbr`b pbrb duar`r sus cgdgs`mbmgs y dkctgnpibab ib pks`a`i`mbm mg ktkrebrigs iks tîtuiks mg prkp`gmbm dkrrgspkcm`gctgs, ck iigeô gc ib prâdt`db b nbtgr`bi`zbr ib gctrgeb mg bieöc tîtuik mg prkp`gmbm, egcgrâcmksg pkr gi dkctrbr`k uck mg iks prkdgsks mg dkikc`zbd`ôc y kdupbd`ôc mg t`grrbs `cmîegcbs nâs bergs`vks qug sg rgdugrmg. Qgd`àc Qgd` àc gc 20 205= 5=,, du dubc bcmk mk sg pr prkn knui uieô eô gi mg mgdr drgt gtk k igy igy 1:87 1:874, 4, sg rgdk rgdkck ckd` d`ô ô b ib Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs dknk pgrskcb furîm`db y sg ig ktkreô gi mgrgdok mg prkp`gmbm skarg ska rg sus t`g t`grrb rrbs, s, ar` ar`cmâ cmâcm cmksg ksgigs igs gi dbr dbrâd âdtgr tgr mg `cb `cbi`i`gcb gcbai aigs, gs, `nprg `nprgsdr sdr`pt `pt`a `aigs igs g `cgnabrebaigs. Dubtrk Dubt rk bòks bòks nâ nâss tbrm tbrmg, g, dk dkc c ib mbd` mbd`ôc ôc mgi mgi mgdr mgdrgt gtk k igy igy 1125 11257, 7, sg nk nkm` m`h`h`dô dô s`ec`h`dbt`vbngctg gi mgrgdok mg prkp`gmbm dknucbi, i`n`tâcmksg gstg gxdius`vbngctg b ibs ârgbs mg bpt`tum berkpgdubr`b, qugmbcmk ibs t`grrbs hkrgstbigs `cdkrpkrbmbs bi tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi y sufgtbs b uc ràe`ngc mg dgs`ôc gc usk. Gs mgd`r, iks tgrr`tkr`ks dknucbigs skc mgi`n`tbmks dknk ucb skib ârgb, pgrk gstb gs m`v`m`mb gc hucd`ôc b ib dbpbd`mbm mgi sugik< sg ktkreb prkp`gmbm skarg gi sugik dkc dbpbd`mbm berîdkib y dgs`ôc gc usk skarg gi sugik dkc dbpbd`mbm hkrgstbi. Dubcmk sg mgsbdt`vb ib M`rgdd`ôc Egcgrbi Hkrgstbi y mg Hbucb y sg drgb gi @CQGCB, gc gctgc tgcm`à m`àcmk cmksg sg qu qug g gst gstg g bsu bsunîb nîb ibs huc hucd`k d`kcgs cgs y dknpg dknpgtgc tgcd`b d`bss qug gfg gfgrdî rdîb b gst gstb b

 

M`rgdd`ôc, sg egcgrô ucb erbc dkchus`ôc skarg ibs dknpgtgcd`bs mgi @CQGCB pbrb susdr`a`r iks rghgr`mks dkctrbtks, ik qug egcgrô uc erbc i`nak furîm`dk qug pbrbi`zô ib susdr` sus dr`pd` pd`ôc ôc mg ik ikss dkc dkctrb trbtks tks,, i`i`n`t n`tbcm bcmk k ib ibss pks pks`a` `a`i`m i`mbmg bmgss mg ibs dkn dknuc uc`mb `mbmg mgss mg bddgmgr b hkrnbs bmgdubmbs mg gnprgcmgr uc nbcgfk skstgc`aig mgi aksqug. Dkc ib prknuiebd`ôc mgi mgdrgtk ige`sibt`vk ige`sibt`vk 2:0:, igy hkrgstbi y mg hbucb s`ivgstrg, y mg su rgeibngctk, sg gspgd`h`dô qug sgrîb ib butkr`mbm rge`kcbi hkrgstbi y mg hbucb s`ivgstrg, skarg ib absg mg uc gstum`k mg dibs`h`dbd`ôc mg t`grrbs, qu`gc gvbiubrîb y sgeöc dkrrgspkcmb ktkrebrîb dkctrbtks mg dgs`ôc gc usk skarg t`grrbs mg bpt`tum hkrgstbi. Ib Ibss dkn dknuc uc`mb `mbmg mgss dbnpg dbnpgs`c s`cbs bs y cbt cbt`vb `vbss gs gstâc tâc rge rgeui uibmb bmbss gc m`s m`st`c t`ctks tks dug dugrpk rpkss ckrnbt`vks (Dkcst`tud`ôc Zkiît`db, gi Dkcvgc`k 280, gi Dôm`ek D`v`i, gtd.). Gi Dôm`ek D`v`i mgh`cg b ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs dknk pgrskcbs furîm`dbs sufgtbs b uc ràe`ngc gspgd`bi mga`mk b su pbrt`duibr cbturbigzb. Tu rgdkckd`n`gctk sureg pkr  ib dkc dkcstb stbtbd tbd`ôc `ôc gc ib rgb rgbi`m i`mbm bm mg ib gx` gx`stg stgcd` cd`b b mg kre krebc bc`zb `zbd`k d`kcgs cgs mg pgrsk pgrskcbs cbs cbturbigs birgmgmkr mg uc pbtr`nkc`k, gi dubi gxpiktbc pbrb su agcgh`d`k.   Gi Dô Dôm` m`ek ek,, bc bctg tg gstb gstb pb pbrt rt`d `dui uibr br rg rgbi bi`m `mbm bm,, y s` s`eu eu`g `gcm cmk k bi Dô Dôm` m`ek ek mg 2048 2048 y ib Dkcs Dk cst`t`tu tud` d`ôc ôc mg 20 2050 50 -y bc bctg tgss b ib mg 20 2044 44-, -, rgdk rgdkck ckdg dg ib gx`s gx`stg tgcd cd`b `b mg gstb gstbss dknuc` dkn uc`mbm mbmgs gs dbn dbnpgs pgs`c `cbs bs y cbt cbt`vb `vbss y igs rgd rgdkc kckdg kdg pgr pgrskc skcbi bi`mb `mbm m furîm` furîm`db. db. Gst Gstb b tgcmgcd`b gs sgeu`mb dbnpgs`cbs pkr ib Dkcst`tud`ôc mg 2004, qug gc su brtîduik ?0¶ gstbaigdg qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs y ibs cbt`vbs skc ib pgrskcbs furîm`dbs. T` a`gc gs d`grtk ibs dbnpgs`cbs y ibs cbt`vbs obc s`mk mgh`c`mbs mg ucb nbcgrb dk dkcf cfuc uctb tb gc gi Dô Dôm` m`ek ek D` D`v` v`i,i, s` s`c c gn gnab abre rek k gs ng ngcg cgst stgr gr obdg obdgrr ucb ucb mgh` mgh`c` c`d` d`ôc ôc `cmgpgcm`gctg mg gstbs mks krebc`zbd`kcgs furîm`dbs.

DKNWC@MBMGT DBNZGT@CBT Mgh`c`d`ôc Ibs Dkn Dknuc`m uc`mbmgs bmgs Dbn Dbnpgs` pgs`cbs cbs dkcs dkcst`tuy t`tuygc gc uc cödi cödigk gk trbm` trbm`d`kc d`kcbi bi qug suas suas`stg `stg gc cugstrk pbîs, pkr giik sg ibs mgh`cg dknk ’uc erupk skd`bi `ctgerbmk pkr dbnpgs`cks bc bcm`c m`cks, ks, `mg `mgct` ct`h`d h`dbmk bmkss gdk gdkcôn côn`d `db, b, skd skd`b `bi,i, dui duitur turbi bi g o`stô o`stôr`d r`dbng bngctg ctg mgc mgctrk trk mg uc gspbd`k tgrr`tkr`bi tgrr`tkr`bi y qug, nâs bii biiâ â mg ucb rgibd` rgibd`ôc ôc `cm`v`mu `cm`v`mubi-hbn`i`br bi-hbn`i`br qug mg mgstbdb stbdb gc sus bdt`v`mbmgs, mgsbrrkiibc ucb `ctgrbdd`ôc dkigdt`vb pbrb prkvgdok mg tkmks iks n`gnarks. Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs skc krebc`zbd`kcgs mg `ctgràs pöai`dk, dkc gx`stgcd`b igeb igebii y pg pgrs rskc kcgr grîb îb fu furîm rîm`d `db, b, `c `ctg tger erbm bmbs bs pk pkrr hbn` hbn`i`i`bs bs qug qug oba` oba`tb tbc c y dkct dkctrk rkib ibc c mgtgrn`c mgtg rn`cbmks bmks tgrr tgrr`tkr` `tkr`ks, ks, i`e i`ebmbs bmbs pkr vîcdu vîcduiks iks bcdg bcdgstrbi strbigs, gs, skd` skd`bigs bigs,, gdkc gdkcôn`d ôn`dks ks y duiturbigs gxprgsbmks gc ib prkp`gmbm dknucbi mg ib t`grrb, gi trbabfk dknucbi, ib byumb nutub, gi eka`grck mgnkdrât`dk y gi mgsbrrkiik mg bdt`v`mbmgs nuit`sgdtkr`bigs duyks h`cgs sg kr`gctbc b ib rgbi`zbd`ôc pigcb mg sus n`gnarks y mgi pbîs. Gs bqugiib krebc`zbd`ôc `ctgrcb, rgprkmud`mb pkr uc erupk dbnpgs`ck, qug bmn`c`strb iks rgdursks mgi erupk (t`grrb, beub ebcbmk, gtd.). Gc rgibd`ôc b ibs `cst`tud`kcgs

 

gxtg gxtgrc rcbs bs,, dk dknk nk gi gstb gstbmk mk k `c `cst st`t`tud ud`k `kcg cgss ck euag euagrc rcbn bngc gctb tbig igs, s, gstg gstg erup erupk k gs rgprgsgctbmk rgprgsgctbm k pkr sus butkr`mbmgs. Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs sg bs`gctbc dkc nâs s`ec`h`dbd`ôc gc ib s`grrb (dbs` gi 0:%)< s`c gnabrek, tbna`àc gx`stgc gc ib dkstb y gc ib Bnbzkcîb. Zkr su ua`dbd`ôc eg egker kerâh` âh`db db y su nkm nkmk k mg v`m v`mb, b, gs cgd cgdgsb gsbr`k r`k m`hgr m`hgrgc gcd`b d`brr gct gctrg rg ibs Dk Dknuc nuc`m `mbmg bmgss Dbnpgs`cbs mg ib Dkstb y ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Q`agrgòbs. Ibs pr`cd`pbigs bdt`v`mbmgs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs skc ib berîdkib y ib ebcbmgrîb. T`c gnabrek, sg obc `cdkrpkrbmk cugvbs ibakrgs, tbigs dknk gi dkngrd`k, ib brtgsbcîb, ib krhgargrîb y ib tgxt`igr`b, ik dubi dkciigvb qug, bi pibctgbr ib prkaignât`db mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs, ck sôik sg obeb rghgrgcd`b b bspgdtks berbr`ks, vbig mgd`r, bqugiibs rgibd`kcbmbs rgibd`kcbmbs b ib t`grrb y b su tgcgcd`b.

Dknuc`mbmgs Q`agrgòbs k Dbnpgs`cbs mg ib Tgivb Gstbs dknuc`mbmgs gstâc dkchkrnbmbs pkr pkaibd`kcgs bsgctbmbs gc ibs r`agrbs mg iks rîks mg ib Bnbz Bnbzkcîb kcîb,, `mgc `mgct`h`d t`h`dbmb bmbss dknk «r`a «r`agrgò grgòbs bs ngst` ngst`zbs¼ zbs¼,, «dbn «dbnpgs` pgs`cbs cbs r`agrgòbs¼ k s`npigngctg «r`agrgòbs¼, qug dugctbc dkc uc nîc`nk mg 7: fghgs mg hbn`i` hbn `i`b b k hbn hbn`i` `i`bs bs y qug qug,, s`c tgc tgcgr gr uc kr` kr`egc egc àtc àtc`dk `dk y dui duitur turbi bi dkn dknöc öc trb trbm` m`d`k d`kcb cbi,i, nbct`gcgc uc ràe`ngc mg krebc`zbd`ôc, trbabfk dknucbi y usk mg ib t`grrb prkp`k mg ibs Dknuc Dk nuc`mb `mbmg mgss Db Dbnpg npgs`c s`cbs, bs, y sg gc gcdug dugctr ctrbc bc gc pksgs pksgs`ô `ôc c pbdîh pbdîh`db `db mgi mgi tgr tgrr`t r`tkr` kr`k k dknucbi. Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs mg ib Dkstb Tkc bqugiibs dknuc`mbmgs qug t`gcgc sus t`grrbs k ib nbykr gxtgcs`ôc mg giibs s`tubmbs gc ib vgrt`gctg mgi kdàbck Zbdîh`dk, obstb ucb bit`tum mg 1,::: nscn. Iks dknucgrks pksggmkrgs mg t`grrbs dknucbigs gc ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs mg ib Dkstb pugmgc bdkrmbr gi ràe`ngc mg prkp`gmbm mg ibs t`grrbs qug kdupbc. Ib bdt`v`mbm gnprgsbr`bi mg ib Dknuc`mbm Dbnpgs`cb Ibs gnprgsbs dknucbigs skc ibs prkp`bs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs qug krebc`zbc y bmn`c`strbc sus bdt`v`mbmgs gdkcôn`dbs gc hkrnb h krnb gnprgsbr`bi, ngm`bctg ib egcgrbd`ôc mg uc`mbmgs uc`mbmgs prkmudt`vbs mg a` a`gcgs gcgs y sgrv`d`ks dknucbigs dknucbigs pbrb bsgeurb bsgeurbrr gi a`gcgstbr  mg sus n`gnarks y dkctr`au`r bi mgsbrrkiik mg ib dknuc`mbm gc su dkcfuctk. Gstbs dugctbc dkc uc pbtr`nkc`k `cmgpgcm`gctg mgckn`cbmk dbp`tbi mg r`gsek, gi dubi rgspkcmg pkr ibs kai`ebd`kcgs dkctrbîmbs gc cknarg mg ibs n`snbs, gc dkcsgdugcd`b, ib dknuc`mbm dbnpgs`cb ck gstâ kai`ebmb b sbt`shbdgr ibs mgumbs qug dkctrbg b trbvàs mg ib gnprgsb dknucbi. Iks ôrebcks mg ibs gnprgsbs dknucbigs skc ib bsbnaigb egcgrbi mg dknucgrks y gi ôrebck mg bmn`c`strbd`ôc. Ibs gnprgsbs nuit`dknucbigs, nuit`dknucbigs, skc sufgtks mg mgrgdoks dkchkrnbmks pkr uc erupk mg mks k nâs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs, qug t`gcgc ib cbturbigzb mg pgrskcbs furîm`dbs mg mgrg mgrgdo dok k pr pr`v `vbm bmk, k, mg rg rgsp spkc kcsb sba` a`i`i`mb mbm m i`i`n` n`tb tbmb mb.. Gs Gstb tbss skc skc butô butôck cknb nbss gc ik gdkcôn`dk y bmn`c`strbt`vk. Ib rgspkcsba`i`mbm mg ib gnprgsb nuit`dknucbi gstâ

 

i`n`tbmb b su pbtr`nkc`k cgtk y gi mg sus dknuc`mbmgs skd`bs, obstb ib dubctîb mg sus pbrt`d`pbd`kcgs gc gi dbp`tbi mg ib gnprgsb. Ik Ikss ôrebck ôrebckss mg ib gn gnprg prgsb sb nui nuit`d t`dkn knucb ucbii skc ib bsb bsbnai naigb gb egcgr egcgrbi bi,, ib fuctb fuctb mg bmn`c`strbd`ôc qug gs gi ôrebck rgspkcsbaig mg ib egst`ôc gnprgsbr`bi y gi pigck mg trbab trb abfbm fbmkrg krgss qug qug pbr pbrt`d t`d`p `pbrb brb gc ib fu fuctb ctb mg bmn bmn`c` `c`str strbd` bd`ôc ôc pkr ik ng ngcks cks dkc uc rgprgsgctbctg. Zbrdgibd`ôc mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs T` a`gc gs d`grtk qug ib igy 18?=7, igy mg t`tuibd`ôc mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs dbnpgs`cbs mg ib dkstb, butkr`zb ib bmfum`dbd`ôc mg pbrdgibs `cm`v`mubigs gctrg iks pksggmkrgs, gstb ck ckrn rnb b ck ob s` s`mk mk rg rgei eibn bngc gctb tbmb mb,, pk pkrr ik qu qug g ck sg dugc dugctb tb bdtu bdtubi bing ngct ctg g dkc dkc uc prkdgm`n`gctk pbrb rgbi`zbr gstb m`v`s`ôc. Zkr tbctk, sg rgqu`grg mgh`c`r prkdgm`n`gctks ckrnbt`vks pbrb ib pbrdgibd`ôc mg ibs DD, qug pgrn`tbc ebrbct`zbr ib trbcspbrgcd`b y gqu`mbm gc ib m`str`aud`ôc mg sus a`gcgs, s` bsî ik mgd`mgc ibs prkp`bs dknuc`mbmgs. Mgsmg 201: obstb 2050 ibs t`grrbs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs gstuv`grkc prktge`mbs pkr uc trbtbn trb tbn`gc `gctk tk dkc dkcst` st`tud tud`kc `kcbi bi gsp gspgd` gd`bi bi,, pkr gi dub dubii sg ibs ibs mgd mgdib ibrba rbab b `cb `cbi`i`gcb gcbaig aigs, s, `cgnabrebaigs g `nprgsdr`pt`aigs. Ib Dkcst`tud`ôc Zkiît`db mgi Zgrö mg 2004 nkm`h`dô mg nbcgrb `npkrtbctg gi ràe`ngc mg pr prkt ktgd gdd` d`ôc ôc mg ib ibss t`gr t`grrb rbss dk dknu nucb cbig igs, s, bcui bcuibc bcmk mk gi pr`c pr`cd` d`p` p`k k `cbi `cbi`g `gcb cbai aig g g `cgn gna abre brebaig qug ibs prk rktg tge eîb y nb nbc ctgc tgc`gc `gcmk mg hkrn hkrnb b rgs rgstr` tr`ce ce``mb ib `nprgsdr`pt`a`i`mbm mg ibs n`snbs, yb qug mgtgrn`cb qug ibs t`grrbs mgdibrbmbs gc babcmkck pugmgc rgvgrt`r bi mkn`c`k mgi Gstbmk pbrb su pkstgr`kr trbcshgrgcd`b b pbrt`duibrgs. Ib igy 187:7 sgòbib qug «ib mgdibrbd`ôc mg babcmkck sg rgh`grg b ibs t`grrbs bmfum`dbmbs gc dkcdgs`ôc pkr gi Gstbmk, gc iks dbsks mg `cdunpi`n`gctk mg iks tàrn`cks y dkcm`d`kcgs mg bqugiib¼ (brt. 7), pum`gcmk pkr tbi nkt`vk obdgrsg gxtgcs`vk gstg gstg pr pr`c `cd` d`p` p`k k b ib ibss t`gr t`grrb rbss dk dknu nucb cbig igss mg usk usk hkrg hkrgst stbi bi,, skar skarg g ibs ibs dubi dubigs gs ibs ibs dknuc`mbmgs ck t`gcgc mgrgdok mg prkp`gmbm. Tg gst`nb qug, gc dkcfuctk, ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs kdupbc gi 15% mgi tgrr`tkr`k cbd`kcbi6 cbd`kcbi6 ibs DD, gi 77% mg ib s`grrb, y ibs dknuc`mbmgs cbt`vbs (DC), gi 2=.= % mg ib rge`ôc bnbzôc`db.

Tki`d`tum mg `csdr`pd`ôc dknk Dknuc`mbm Dbnpgs`cb pkr ktrks erupks Ik Ikss erupks erupks dbnpg dbnpgs`c s`cks, ks, bsk bskd`b d`bd`k d`kcgs cgs mg dbnpg dbnpgs`c s`cks ks y ktr ktrbs bs kre krebc` bc`zbd zbd`kc `kcgs gs dkcst` dkc st`tu` tu`mbs mbs dknk dknk pg pgrsk rskcbs cbs fu furîm rîm`d `dbs, bs, qug qug dug dugctb ctbc c dkc uc nîc nîc`nk `nk mg d`c d`cdug dugctb ctb bskd`bmks, pugmgc ski`d`tbr su `csdr`pd`ôc dknk DD, dubcmk6 b. Gst Gstàc àc `c `ctge tgerbm rbmks ks pk pkrr hbn hbn`i` `i`bs bs dkc rbs rbseks eks skd skd`b `big igss y dui duitur turbi bigs gs dkn dknucg ucgs, s, qug qug nbct`gcgc uc ràe`ngc mg pksgs`ôc y usk mg t`grrbs prkp`k mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs. a. Dugctgc dkc gi vktk dkchkrng mg pkr ik ngcks mks tgrd`ks mg sus skd`ks rguc`mks gc bsbnaigb egcgrbi. d. Qgcucd`gc b sus mgrgdoks mg prkp`gmbm `cm`v`mubi.

 

Gc iks dbsks b iks qug sg rgh`grg gi brtîduik bctgr`kr, ib tktbi`mbm mg ibs t`grrbs mg prkp`gmbm mg ib pgrskcb furîm`db pbsbrâ bi mkn`c`k mg ib Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs. Tg mg mgag ag pr prgd gd`s `sbr br bq bquî uî qu qug g pb pbrb rb sk ski`i`d` d`tb tbrr ib `csd `csdr` r`pd pd`ô `ôc c dknk dknk Dk Dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss Dbnpgs`cbs dubcmk rgbingctg ck ik skc, gstbs berupbd`kcgs yb mgagc dkctbr dkc uc tgrr`tkr`k. Qgdkckd`n`gctk mg ucb cugvb dknuc`mbm Zbrb ib `csdr`pd`ôc mg ucb cugvb dknuc`mbm sg rgqu`grg6 b. Dkcst`tu`r uc erupk mg hbn`i`bs, krebc`zbmbs. a. ]gcgr ib bprkabd`ôc mg pkr ik ngcks iks mks tgrd`ks mg iks `ctgerbctgs mg ib bsbnaigb egcgrbi. d. Gcdkctrbrsg gc pksgs`ôc mg uc tgrr`tkr`k. t grr`tkr`k. Gi prgs`mgctg mg ib m`rgdt`vb dknucbi, gc rgprgsgctbd`ôc mg ib dknuc`mbm, prgsgctbrâ ib ski`d`tum bi ôrebck dknpgtgctg, bdknpbòbmk mg iks s`eu`gctgs mkdungctks6 b. Dkp`bs igebi`zbmbs, pkr cktbr`k k fugz mg pbz mg ib ikdbi`mbm, mg ibs s`eu`gctg s`eu`gctgss bdtbs mg bsbnaigb egcgrbi mkcmg6 • Tg bdugrmb ski`d`tbr su `csdr`pd`ôc dknk DD, prgd`sbcmk gi cknarg. •Tg bprugab gi gstbtutk mg ib dknuc`mbm. • Tg gi`eg b ib m`rgdt`vb dknucbi. a. Dgcsk mg pkaibd`ôc y ktrks mbtks skd`bigs. d. Drkqu`s mgi tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi dkc `cm`dbd`ôc mg i`cmgrks y dki`cmbctgs. Ib m`rgdd`ôc rge`kcbi berbr`b (MQB) m`spkcmrâ6 b. Ib puai`dbd`ôc mg ib ski`d`tum mg `csdr`pd`ôc mg ib dknuc`mbm y gi drkqu`s mg su tgrr`tkr`k, ngm`bctg bv`sks k dbrtgigs qug sg dkikdbrâc gc ib sgmg mg ib dknuc`mbm y gc gi ikdbi mgi dkcdgfk m`str`tbi dkrrgspkcm`gctg. a. Ib katgcd`ôc mg ucb dkcstbcd`b qug bdrgm`tg ib pksgs`ôc mgi tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi, ktkrebmb pkr DKHKZQ@ k pkr ib nbykrîb mg sus dki`cmbctgs. d. Wcb `cspgdd`ôc kduibr pbrb ib vgr`h`dbd`ôc mg iks mbtks prkpkrd`kcbmks pkr ib DD, prgpbrbcmk gi rgspgdt`vk `chkrng, dkc kp`c`ôc skarg ib prkdgmgcd`b k `nprkdgmgcd`b mg ib `csdr`pd`ôc mg ib dknuc`mbm. Dubiqu`gr pgrskcb cbturbi k furîm`db dkc igeît`nk `ctgràs pkmrâ pibctgbr kasgrvbd`kcgs Dubiqu`gr mgctrk mgi tàrn`ck mg qu`cdg mîbs mg ghgdtubmb ib puai`dbd`ôc.

 

DKNWC@MBMGT CB]@XBT Mgh`c`d`ôc Ib Igy mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs y mg Mgsbrrkiik Berbr`k mg ib Tgivb y Dgfb mg Tgivb, M.I. C¶ 11257, gc su brtîduik ?, gstbaigdg6 ’Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs t`gcgc kr`egc gc iks erupks tr`abigs mg ib sgivb y dgfb mg sgivb y gstâc dkcst`tu`mbs pkr dkcfuctks mg hbn`i` hbn `i`bs bs v`c v`cdui duibmb bmbss pkr ik ikss s`e s`eu` u`gct gctgs gs gi gigng gngctk ctkss pr` pr`cd` cd`pb pbigs igs66 `m`knb `m`knb k m`big m`bigdtk dtk,, dbrbdtgrgs duiturbigs y skd`bigs, tgcgcd`b y usuhrudtk dknöc y pgrnbcgctg mg uc n`snk tgrr`tkr`k, dkc bsgctbn`gctk cudigbmk k m`spgrsk„. T`eu` T`eu`gcm gcmk k b Fub Fubc c Gsp Gsp`c `ckzb kzb,, ’Tk ’Tkc c eru erupk pkss cô cônbm nbmgs, gs, qug qug nk nkrbc rbc gc iks iks dbs dbsgrî grîks ks,, qugarbmbs, pugaiks< iks qug trbabfbc dkc iks mugòks mg iks hucmks, iks qug v`vgc gc ibs rgsgrvbs, hkrnbcmk berupbd`kcgs i`args, i`args gc bieuck mg iks dbsks, y sufgtks b nbre` nb re`cbd cbd`kc `kcgs gs gc ktr ktrks, ks, gxp gxpik iktbm tbmks ks pkr pkr ik ikss dkikc dkikcks, ks, obdgc obdgcmbm mbmks, ks, bsg bsgrrb rrbmg mgrks rks,, dkngrd dkn grd`bc `bctgs tgs `c `cgsd gsdrup rupuik uiksks sks,, y gc ktr ktrks ks dbs dbsks ks nb nbre` re`cbm cbmks ks y gxp gxpikt iktbm bmks ks pkr pkr iks hucd`kcbr`ks rge`kcbigs y butkr`mbmgs d`v`igs„. Tg dkcs`mgrb n`gnarks mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs cbt`vbs b iks cbd`mks mgctrk mg giib y b qu`gcgs sg `cdkrpkrgc dunpi`gcmk dkc iks rgqu`s`tks gstbaigd`mks pkr gi Gstbtutk mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs. Bsî, tbna`àc, sg mgfbrb sgr dknucgrk pkr oba`tbr hugrb mgi tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi pkr nâs mg uc bòk dkcsgdut`vk. Ik Ikss mgrgdo mgrgdoks ks tgr tgrr`t r`tkr` kr`big bigss mg iks `cm `cmîeg îegcb cbss bnb bnbzôc zôc`dk `dkss obc obc s`m s`mk k kafg kafgtk tk mg ucb ucb m`cân`db s`ceuibr b ik ibrek mg gstks öit`nks bòks, gc iks dubigs sg obc kasgrvbmk nbrdobs nbrd obs y dkct dkctrbnb rbnbrdob rdobss ige ige`sib `sibt`vb t`vbss qug obc mgr` mgr`vbmk vbmk,, gc ib bdtubi`m bdtubi`mbm, bm, gc ucb s`tubd`ôc mg rgibt`vb `csgeur`mbm `csgeur`mbm furîm`db pbrb giiks gc ik qug b ib prkp`gmbm mg ib t`grrb sg rgh`grg.  Qgdkckd`n`gctk g `csdr`pd`ôc mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs

Gstg trân`tg dkcs`stg gc hkrnbi`zbr ib gx`stgcd`b igebi mg ib Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs ngm`bctg ucb rgskiud`ôc m`rgdtkrbi mg ib MQB, b ghgdtks mg qug sg `csdr`ab gc gi Qge`strk Cbd`kcbi mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs y gc gi Qge`strk mg Zgrskcbs Furîm`dbs mg iks Qge`strks Zöai`dks. Zrkdgm`n`gctk6 b. Ib dkn dknuc uc`mb `mbm m mgag mgag prg prgsgc sgctbr tbr ucb ski`d ski`d`tu `tum m bctg bctg ib MQ MQB, B, bdk bdknp npbòb bòbmb mb mg ib s`eu`gctg mkdungctbd`ôc. • Tki`d`tum. • Mgs`ecbd`ôc mg su rgprgsgctbc rgprgsgctbctg. tg. • Bdugrmk mg bsbnaigb mg ib Dknuc`mbm Cbt`vb. • Drkqu`s mg ua`dbd`ôc. a. Ib MQB rgbi`zbrâ uc m`becôst`dk skd`kgdkcôn`dk mg ib dknuc`mbm y uc dgcsk pkaibd`kcbi mg ib dknuc`mbm. Dbag prgd`sbr qug ib igy mg dknuc`mbmgs cbt`vbs ck

 

gstbaigdg uc nîc`nk mg hbn`i`bs pbrb gi rgdkckd`n`gctk mg su pgrskcgrîb furîm`db dknk Dknuc`mbm Cbt`vb. d. Tg prkdgmgrâ b mgtgrn`cbr ib ua`dbd`ôc mg ib Dknuc`mbm Cbt`vb. m. Wcb vgz duin`cbmk gstk, ib MQB gn`tg ucb rgskiud`ôc y sg prkdgmg b ib `csdr`pd`ôc gc gi i`ark mg dknuc`mbmgs mg ib MQB y gc iks Qge`strks Zöai`dks. Mgnbrdbd`ôc y t`tuibd`ôc mg Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs Gs ib mgnbrdbd`ôc mg i`cmgrks y igvbctbn`gctk mg pibck pgr`nàtr`dk dkcs`mgrbcmk iks tgrrgc tgr rgcks ks qug qug kdu kdupbc pbc,, iks dui duit`v t`vks, ks, ib drîb drîb mg ebcbm ebcbmk, k, gi nk nkctg ctg mkcmg mkcmg rgd rgdkeg kegc c bi`ngctks, ib dbzb y ib pgsdb. Ib t`grrb mg ib dknuc`mbm sg m`v`mg gc vbr`ks t`pks mg sugiks, berîdkibs (duit`vks) pgdubr`b (ebcbmgrîb) hkrgstbi y mg prktgdd`ôc (nkctg) ktkrebcmk tîtuik mg prkp`gmbm skarg ibs t`grrbs berîdkibs y pgdubr`b y dkctrbtk mg dgs`ôc gc usk skarg ibs hkrgstbigs y mg prktgdd`ôc.   Bnpi`bd`ôc mg tgrr`tkr`ks dknucbigs Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs qug tgcebc ucb dbct`mbm `csuh`d`gctg mg t`grrbs pugmgc ski`d` ski `d`tbr tbr ucb bnp bnpi`b i`bd`ô d`ôc c mg su tgrr` tgrr`tkr tkr`k `k.. Gst Gstb b ski`d ski`d`tu `tum m tgc tgcmrâ mrâ dknk dknk rgqu` rgqu`s`t s`tks ks gi drgd`n`gctk pkaibd`kcbi, qug gx`stbc ârgbs mg i`arg m`spkc`a`i`mbm y qug gstbs sg gcdugctrgc gc pksgs`ôc mgi ârgb ski`d`tbmb. Gi prkdgm`n`gctk mg bnpi`bd`ôc gs gi n`snk qug gi mg mgnbrdbd`ôc y t`tuibd`ôc mgi tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi.

HWCMBNGC]KT MG IBT DKNWC@MBMBMGT DBNZGT@CBT P CB]@XBT Gi hucmbngctk gsgcd`bi mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs sg obiib gc ib `npgr`ksb cgdgs`mbm mg ngrgdgr gi rgdkckd`n`gctk mgi Gstbmk, tkmb vgz, qug s`c gsg bnpbrk furîm`dk ib suas`stgcd`b suas`stgcd`b mg ibs n`snbs sg obdg `cd`grtb, gc ucb skd`gmbm qug b ngrdg ng rdgm m mg butks butksbt` bt`shb shbdd` dd`kcg kcgss vui vuicg cgrb rb ib `ctbc `ctbce` e`a`i a`i`mb `mbm m mg ibs ibs zkc zkcbs bs qug iks dbnpgs`cks y cbt`vks oba`tbc, gs pkr giik, qug, ck skik sg trbtg mg prktgegr tgrr`tkr`ks, s`ck mg duiturbs àtc`dbs bcdgstrbigs brrb`ebmbs gc uc gspbd`k qug dkcs`mgrbc dknk suyk, y pkr gi dubi sg `ctgerbc gc hbvkr ck mg uck s`ck mg tkmks sus dkceàcgrgs, s`gcmk qug ibs pgrskcbs berupbmbs y dkcst`tu`mb dkcst`tu`mbss sg `mgct`h`dbc dkc ib eàcgs`s mg sus bcdgstrks y mg sus t`grrbs. Cugstrb ige`sibd`ôc gc su dkcfuctk iks bdkeg mg nbcgrb pbrt`duibr, yb qug sknks, dknk rbzb, ucb ngsdkibczb mg duiturbs gxtgr`krgs, pgrk mkcmg `npgrb y prgvbigdg cugstrb duiturb `cdb`db, gsb mg bnkr, tr`autk y prgsgrvbd`ôc pkr gi iuebr mg mkcmg sg oba`tb y suas`stg. Gi rgspgtk pkr ib duiturb y pkr ibs dkstunargs mg uc pugaik skc ib öc`db ebrbctîb mg `mgct`mbm cbd`kcbi cbd`kcbi y mg pgrpgtu`mbm mg uc`h`dbd`ôc s`c m`st`cd`ôc mg rbzbs, dkoba`tbcm dkoba`tbcmk k dkc tus ckrnbs y ibs nîbs, abfk uc n`snk dr`tgr`k mg, qug sgb ib pgrskcb gi gfg qug ibs prknugvb, y dkc ib öc`db h`cbi`mbm mg bidbczbr gi agcgh`d`k dkigdt`vk.

 

DBQBD]GQ@T]@DBT MG IBT DKNWC@MBMBMGT DBNZGT@CBT P CB]@XBT Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs pksggc ucb sgr`g mg dbrbdtgrîst`dbs qug ig skc rgdkckd`mbs b bnabs y gc gi Krmgcbn`gctk Igebi rgspgdt`vk. Gctrg iks bspgdtks dknucgs mgi qug ekzbc tgcgnks6 2.-Tg trbtbc mg dkcfuctk mg hbn`i`bs v`cduibmbs pkr gigngctks duiturbigs bcdgstrbigs, skd`bigs, gdkcôn`dks gdkcôn`dks y duiturbigs mgctrk mg uc mgtgrn`cbmk mgtgrn`cbmk tgrr`tkr`k. 1.-]`gcgc gi Mgrgdok b ib mgi`n`tbd`ôc mg su tgrr`tkr`k, s`gcmk gstg `cgnabrebaig, `nprgsdr`pt`aig `nprgsdr`pt` aig g `cbi`gcba `cbi`gcbaig. ig. 4.-Tkc rgdk 4.-Tkc rgdkckd` ckd`mbs mbs dkc Zgrs Zgrskcgr kcgrîb îb Furîm Furîm`db `db dkc trbtb trbtbn`gc n`gctk tk gspg gspgd`bi d`bi,, pkr ik qug m`spkcgc dbmb ucb mg su prkp`b igy y rgeibngctk qug dkctr`auyb b su mgsbrrkiik `ctgerbi. =.- Gs ib Bsbnaigb Egcgrbi gi Ôrebck Tuprgnk mg ib Dknuc`mbm dkc ucb sgr`g mg btr`aud`kcgs qug ib igy y gi Gstbtutk mg dbmb dknuc`mbm rgdkckdg. 7.- Gstâc gxkcgrbmbs mgi @npugstk b ib Qgctb, bi pbtr`nkc`k gnprgsbr`bi y pbek mg mgrgdoks mg `csdr`pd`ôc gc iks Qge`strks y dubiqu`gr ktrk Tgdtkr Zöai`dk Cbd`kcbi. 8.Ekzbc mg pr`kr`mbms.y prghgrgcd`b bctg ibs Butkr`mbmgs dkrrgspkcm`gctgs pbrb sus trân`tgs bmn`c`strbt`vk bmn`c`strbt`vks. 5.- M`spkcgc mg d`grtb Butkcknîb Fum`d`bi gc bsuctks mg ngckr dubctîb, sgeöc sus usks y dkstunarg s`gnprg y dubcmk ck dkctrbvgceb dkctrbvgcebc c ib Ckrnbt`vb X`egctg ?.-Zugmgc dkcst`tu`r gnprgsb mg dbrâdtgr dknucbi y nuit`dknuc nuit`dknucbi, bi, bsî dknk bskd`brsg dkc gnprgsbs mgi Tgdtkr Zöai`dk, Bskd`bt`vk k pr`vbmk. 0.-]`gcgc Mgrgdok mg Zrghgrgcd`b gc ib bmfum`dbd`ôc mg tgrrgcks dki`cmbctgs, pbrb bnpi`br su tgrr`tkr`k dknucbi. 2:.-Zbrb su `csdr`pd`ôc sg rgbi`zb gc n`snk trân`tg y su `csdr`pd`ôc sg rgbi`zb gc gi I`ark mg Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cb y Cbt`vbs mgi Qge`strk mg Zgrskcbs Furîm`dbs mg Kh`d`cb Qge`strbi Dkrrgspkcm`gctg. 22.-Wcb dbrbdtgrîst`db gspgd`bi mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs gs qug skik pugmgc gstbr `ctgerbmbs pkr pgrskcbs cbturbigs.

@NZKQ]BCD@B MG IBT DKNWC@MBMBMGT DBNZGT@CBT P CB]@XBT 2.-Rug, gc ib absg igebi gstâ mgtgrn`cbmb ib h`cbi`mbm gdkcôn`db mg ib ut`i`mbm mgi bprkvgdobn`gctk mgi pbtr`nkc`k gc hbvkr mg sus n`gnarks y ck mg iks pbrt`duibrgs. 1.-Rug, su m`ngcs`ôc skd`kiôe`db ib pkmgnks v`siunarbr dkc gi bnpbrk dkcst`tud`kcbi, tkmb vgz, qug pbrb sgr rgdkckd`mbs skik mgagc gx`st`r, y qug skik pbrb su hkrnbi`zbd`ôc gs cgdgsbr`b su `csdr`pd`ôc gc gi rge`strk dkrrgspkcm`gctg.

 

4.-Rug, dkc su hucmbngctk igebi sg igs rgst`tuyg gi rgdkckd`n`gctk mg oba`tbctgs cbd`kcbigs cbd`kcbi gs duiturbi, skd`bi y àtc`dbngctg m`hgrgctgs, mgctrk mg uc krmgcbn`gctk furîm`dk rgspgtuksk mg su cbturbi dkcm`d`ôc, y, b ib dubi sg ob v`stk pkr cgdgsbr`k `ctgerbrsg. =.- Rug pugmgc gstbaigdgrsg Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs s`c m`st`cd`ôc mg ua`dbd`ôc egkerâh`db, dkc rgspgdtk mg ibs rge`kcgs. 7.-Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs t`gcgc su kr`egc bcdgstrbi qug sg ebrbct`zb pgrpgtubmk gc gi t`gnpk pkr iks erupks tr`abigs mg Tgivb y Dgfb mg Tgivb. 8.-Rug ibs Dkn 8.-Rug Dknuc`m uc`mbmgs bmgs Dbn Dbnpgs` pgs`cbs cbs dkctr dkctrkibc kibc y oba` oba`tbc tbc mgtg mgtgrn`c rn`cbmk bmk tgrr` tgrr`tkr`k tkr`k,, s`gcmk dknuc`mbmgs gstbaigd`mbs gc uc mgtgrn`cbmk gspbd`k, dkc ik dubi t`gcgc ib sgeur`mbm mg uc ngfkr bprkvgdobn bprkvgdobn`gctk `gctk mg sus t`grrbs. 5.-Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dknuc`mbmgs Cbt`vbs, pugmgc tgcgr gc bieuck mg iks dbsks dbrâdtgr sgmgctbr`k k mg n`erbd`kcgs gstbd`kcbigs, ik qug ck bitgrb su dkcm`d`ôc mg prktgdd`ôc furîm`db c` mg mkn`c`k tgrr`tkr`bi. ?.-Rug ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs dkctr`auygc b ib prgsgrvbd`ôc mgi ngm`k bna`gctg mgi pibcgtb, bi ck pgrn`t`r gi usk `cbmgdubmk mg sus tgrr`tkr`ks.

QGDKCKD@N@GC]K KH@D@BI MG IB G_@T]GCD@B IGEBI MG IBT DKNWC@MBMGT Nbrdk Igebi Dkcst`tud`ôc Zkiît`db mgi Zgrö ]`tuik @@@ Dbpîtuik X@  Brtîduik ??¶.- Gi Gstbmk bpkyb prghgrgctgngctg gi mgsbrrkiik berbr`k. Ebrbct`zb gi mgrgdok mg prkp`gmbm skarg ib t`grrb, gc hkrnb pr`vbmb k dknucbi k gc dubiqu`grb ktrb hkrnb bskd`bt`vb. Ib igy pugmg h`fbr iks iîn`tgs y ib gxtgcs`ôc mg ib t`grrb sgeöc ibs pgdui`br`mbmgs mg dbmb zkcb. Ibs t`grrbs babcmkcbmbs, sgeöc prgv`s`ôc igebi, pbsbc bi mkn`c`k mgi Gstbmk pbrb su bmfum`dbd`ôc gc vgctb.  Brtîduik ?0¶.- Ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y ibs Cbt`vbs t`gcgc gx`stgcd`b igebi y skc pgrskcbs furîm`dbs. Tkc butôcknbs gc su krebc`zbd`ôc, gc gi trbabfk dknucbi y gc gi usk y ib i`arg m`spks`d`ôc mg sus t`grrbs, bsî dknk gc ik gdkcôn`dk y bmn`c`strbt`vk, mgctrk mgi nbrdk qug ib igy gstbaigdg. Ib prkp`gmbm mg sus t`grrbs gs `nprgsdr`pt`aig, sbivk gc gi dbsk mg babcmkck prgv`stk gc gi brtîduik bctgr`kr. Gi Gstbmk rgspgtb ib `mgct`mbm duiturbi mg ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs`cbs y Cbt`vbs.  Brtîduik 2=0¶.- Ibs butkr`mbm butkr`mbmgs gs mg ibs Dknuc`mb Dknuc`mbmgs mgs Dbnpgs`cb Dbnpgs`cbss y Cbt`vbs, dkc gi bpkyk mg ibs Qkcmbs Dbnpgs`cbs, pugmgc gfgrdgr ibs hucd`kcgs fur`sm`dd`kcbi fur`sm`dd`kcbigs gs mg su âna`tk tgrr`tkr`bi mg dkchkrn`mbm dkc gi mgrgdok dkcsugtum`cbr`k, s`gnprg qug ck v`kigc iks mgrgdoks hucmbngctbigs mg ib pgrskcb. Ib igy gstbaigdg ibs hkrnbs mg dkkrm`cbd`ôc mg m`dob fur`sm`dd`ôc gspgd`bi dkc iks Fuzebmks mg Zbz y dkc ibs mgnâs `cstbcd`bs mgi Zkmgr Fum`d`bi.

 

 Bucqug ib Dkcst`tud`ôc Dkcst`tud`ôc Zkiît`db ck biumg gxprgsbngctg bi ogdok qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs dknuc`mbmgs skc mg `ctgràs pöai`dk, ib fgrbrquîb qug ig ktkreb gi trbtbn`gctk dkcst`tud`kcbi y ib tutgib y prktgdd`ôc qug ig dkch`grgc sus ckrnbs bsî ik bdrgm`tb mg nkmk `cmua`tbaig. Ib Dkcst`tud`ôc y gi Dôm`ek sg kr`gctbc bi rgspgtk mg su trbm`d`ôc y b prgsgrvbr ib `cdkiun`mbm mg su pbtr`nkc`k. Dôm`ek D`v`i  Brtîduik 24=¶.24=¶.- Ckd`ôc y h`cgs m mg g ibs Dknuc`mbmgs Dknuc`mbmgs Dbnpgs Dbnpgs`cbs `cbs y Cbt`vbs Ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs skc krebc`zbd`kcgs trbm`d`kcbigs y gstbaigs mg `ctgràs pöai`dk, dkcst`tu`mbs pkr pgrskcbs cbturbigs y duyks h`cgs sg kr`gctbc bi ngfkr  bp bprkv rkvgdo gdobn` bn`gct gctk k mg su pb pbtr` tr`nkc nkc`k `k,, pbrb pbrb ag agcgh cgh`d` `d`k k egcgr egcgrbi bi y gqu`t gqu`tbt` bt`vk vk mg iks iks dknucgrks, prknkv`gcmk su mgsbrrkiik `ctgerbi. Gstâc rgeuibmbs pkr ige`sibd`ôc gspgd`bi. Ib mg mgh`h`c` c`d` d`ôc ôc mg ib ibss dknu dknuc` c`mb mbmg mgss qu qug g gi dôm` dôm`ek ek rgdk rgdkeg eg ob obdg dg bius bius`ô `ôc c b ibs ibs dbrbdtgrîst`dbs, dbrbdtgrîst`db s, dknk skc su dbrâdtgr mg krebc krebc`zbd`ôc `zbd`ôc mg pgrsk pgrskcbs, cbs, su gstba`i`mb gstba`i`mbm m k su h`cbi`mbm gdkcôn`db kr`gctbmb bi ngfkr bprkvgdobn`gctk mg su pbtr`nkc`k pbrb agcgh`d`k egcgrbi y gqu`tbt`vk mg iks dknucgrks, prknkv`gcmk su mgsbrrkiik `ctgerbi. Ck kastbctg, kastbctg, sknks dkcsd dkcsd`gc `gctgs tgs qug ibs dknuc`m dknuc`mbmg bmgss skc ucb rgbi` rgbi`mbm mbm duitu duiturbi, rbi, gdkcôn`db y skd`bi dbrbdtgrîst`db qug mgsakrmb ib mgsdr`pd`ôc ghgdtubmb pkr gi Brt, 24=. Gi brtîduik gv`mgcd`b, gc tàrn`cks egcgrbigs, ib m`ngcs`ôc skd`kiôe`dk-gx`stgcd`bi mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs bi rghgr`rsg b giibs dknk krebc`zbd`ôc mg pgrskcbs y biumg bi c`vgi vbikrbt`vk bi ngcd`kcbr su h`cbi`mbm. h`cbi`mbm. Mgtgrn`cb Mgtgrn`c b qug ibs bd bdt`v`m t`v`mbmgs bmgs mg iibs bs dknu dknuc`mb c`mbmgs mgs skc gstba gstbaigs igs y, gc ib n` n`snb snb m`ngcs`ôc tgnpkrbi, biumg b giib dknk trbm`d`kcbi, qug sg gcrbîzb gc ib o`stkr`b. Ck gx`stg mumbs qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs skc krebc`zbd`kcgs mg pgrskcbs gc tbctk sus n`gnarks bdtöbc mg bdugrmk b uc pibc, mg nkmk dkcdgrtbmk y rbd`kcbi. Gi cungrbi gxprgsb qug ib h`cbi`mbm mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs gs gi vbikr gdkcôn`dk mg ib ut ut`i`i`m `mbm bm,, dubc dubcmk mk rg rgh`h`gr grg g qu qug g tbig tbigss kr kreb ebc` c`zb zbd` d`kc kcgs gs sg kr`g kr`gct ctbc bc bi ng ngfk fkr  r  bprkvgdobn`gctk mg su pbtr`nkc`k y biumg bi vbikr furîm`dk mg ib ski`mbr`mbm bi `cm`dbr  qu qug g tbi bpr bprkvg kvgdob dobn`g n`gctk ctk gst gstâ â mg mgst` st`cb cbmk mk bi agcgh agcgh`d` `d`k k egc egcgrb grbii y gqu gqu`tb `tbt`v t`vk k mg iks iks dknucgrks, prk nkv`gcmk su mgsbrrkiik `ctgerbi.  Brtîduik 247¶.-Gx`stgcd`b 247¶.-Gx`stgcd`b ige igebi bi  Gx`stgcd`b furîm`db mg dknuc`mbmgs Zbrb ib gx`stgcd`b igebi mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs sg rgqu`grg, bmgnâs mg ib `csdr`pd`ôc gc gi rge`strk rgspgdt`vk, su rgdkckd`n rgdkckd`n`gctk `gctk kh`d`bi. Gc ib Dkcst`tud`ôc sg igs btr`auyg pgrskcbi`mbm furîm`db b ibs dknuc`mbmgs pkr gi s`npig ogdok mg gx`st`r, dkc sus dbrbdtgrîst`dbs prkp`bs, gc ib m`ngcs`ôc skd`kiôe`db. Gs pugs ib ckr ckrnb nb mg nby nbykr kr rbce rbcek k y fg fgrbr rbrquî quîb b mgi mgi krm krmgcb gcbn`g n`gctk ctk furî furîm`d m`dk k ib qug dkch`g dkc h`grg rg gx` gx`stg stgcd` cd`b b y pgrsk pgrskcbi cbi`m `mbm bm b ib ibss dkn dknuc` uc`mbm mbmgs gs gc tbc tbctk tk rgb rgbi`m i`mbm bm dui duitur turbi bi,, gdkcôn`db y skd`bi mg rbseks pgdui`brgs.

 

Ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs pbrb katgcgr ib dbtgekrîb mg pgrskcb furîm`db mg ib pgrskcb furîm`db, pbrb sgr dgctrk uc`tbr`k mg `nputbd`ôc mg s`tubd`kcgs furîm`dbs m`st`ctk mg ibs pgrskcbs qug `ctgerbc su krebc`zbd`ôc, rgqu`grgc, sgeöc gi Dôm`ek, mg ucb mkaig hkrnbi`mbm. Ib pr`ngrb gs ib dkctgc`mb gc gi brtîduik 55º, gs mgd`r, ib `csdr`pd`ôc gc gi rge`strk rgspgdt`vk. Ib sgeucmb gstâ mgtgrn`cbmb pkr gi brtîduik abfk dkngctbr`k y gstâ dkcst`tu`mb pkr gi rgdkckd`n`gctk mgi Gstbmk. T` ck hugrg bsî, s` hbitbsg bieuck mg tbigs gigngctks hkrnbigs, gstbrîbnks sgeöc gi Dôm`ek hrgctg b uc s`npig dkcfuctk mg pgrskcbs dbrgctgs mg suafgt`v`m suafgt`v`mbm bm furîm`db. Zkr giik gi Dôm`ek ck dkctgnpib gi dbsk mg ibs krebc`zbd`kcgs mg pgrskcbs qug, dknpkrtâcmksg dknk s` hugrbc dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs k cbt`vbs gc ib rgbi`mbm skd`bi , ck obc dunpi`mk dkc gi rgqu`s`tk hkrnbi tbctk mg su `csdr`pd`ôc dknk mg su rgdkckd`n`gctk pkr gi Gstbmk. Gs mgd`r, qug gi Dôm`ek ck rgeuib ik qug vgcmrîbc b sgr  ibs dknuc`mbmgs ck `csdr`tbs y ck rgdkckd`mbs. Gstb pks`d`ôc sg sustgctb gc gi ogdok qug gi Dôm`ek D`v`i t`gcg uc dkctgc`mk gc gi qug suaybdg uc prgvbigctg `ctgràs pr`vbmk n`gctrbs qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs cbt` vbs skc mg `ctgràs skd` skd`bi bi y pöai pöai`dk. `dk. Gstg ogdo ogdok k y ibs dbrb dbrbdtgrî dtgrîst`db st`dbss duiturb duiturbigs, igs, gdkcôn`dbs y skd`bigs prkp`bs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs, obdgc mg giibs tgnb mg ucb m`sd`pi`cb furîm`db butôcknb dknk gs gi Mgrgdok Berbr`k, duyk brt`duibmk t`gcg uc dkctgc dkc tgc`m `mk k prg prgmk mkn`c n`cbct bctgng gngctg ctg mg `c `ctgr tgràs às skd skd`b `bii y pöa pöai`i`dk. dk. Zkr gii giik, k, bpb bpbrtg rtg mg ib Dkcst`tud`ôc qug ktkreb gx`stgcd`b igebi y pgrskcbi`mbm furîm`db b ibs dknuc`mbmgs, dkrrgspkcmg bi Dôm`ek Berbr`k k b ucb ige`sibd`ôc gspgd`bi ib m`sd`pi`cb ckrnbt`vb mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs.  Brtîduik 248¶.248¶.- Dbrâdtgr mg ibs t`t`grrbs grrbs Ibs t`grrbs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs skc `cbi`gcbaigs, `nprgsdr`pt`aigs g `cgnabrebaigs, sbivk ibs gxdgpd`kcgs gstbaigd`mbs pkr ib Dkcst`tud`ô Dkcst`tud`ôc c Zkiît`db mgi Zgrö. Tg pr prgs gsun ung g qu qug g sk skc c pr prkp kp`g `gmb mbm m dk dknu nucb cbii ibs ibs t`gr t`grrb rbss pksg pksgîm îmbs bs mg bdug bdugrm rmk k bi rgdkckd`n`gctk g `csdr`pd`ôc mg ib dknuc`mbm. Gi brtîduik rgdkeg ik prgsdr`tk gc ib Dkcst`tud`ôc dubcmk mgtgrn`cb qug ibs t`grrbs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs skc `cbi`gcbaigs, `nprgsdr`pt`aigs g `cgnabrebaigs y sg rgn`tg b giib gc ik bt`cgctg b ibs gxdgpd`kcgs b gstb rgeib, gs mgd`r, bi ogdok qug pbrb gcbfgcbr sus t`grrbs sg rgqu`grg igy hucmbmb gc gi `ctgràs mg ib dknuc`mbm y ski`d`tbmb pkr ucb nbykrîb mg iks mks tgrd`ks mg iks n`gnarks dbi`h`dbmks mg àstb k gc gi dbsk mg gxprkp`bd`ôc pkr cgdgs`mbm y ut`i`mbm pöai`db. Gc bnabs s`tubd`kcgs gi pbek sgrâ prgv`k y gc m`cgrk. Gi dkctgc`mk mgi brtîduik, rghigfb gi `ctgràs pöai`dk qug gs prkp`k mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbss y cbt`vbs, gi n`snk qug sg trbmudg gc ib gspgd` dbnpgs`cb gspgd`bi bi tutgib qug igs m`spgcsb gi krmgcbn`gctk furîm`dk, b pbrt`r mg ib mgdibrbd`ôc dkctgc`mb gc ib Dkcst`tud`ôc, gc gi sgct`mk qug gi Gstbmk prktgeg y rgspgtb ibs trbm`d`kcgs mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs y prkp`d`b ib supgrbd`ôc duiturbi mg sus `ctgerbctgs. Gi sge sgeucm ucmk k bp bpbrt brtbmk bmk mgi prg prgsgc sgctg tg brt brtîdu îduik ik dkc dkcs` s`mgr mgrb b ib prg prgsuc sucd`ô d`ôc c qug qug skc mg prkp`gmbm dknucbi ibs t`grrbs pksgîmb mg bdu dknucbi bdugrmk grmk bi rgdkckd`n`gctk rgdkckd`n`gctk g `csdr`pd`ô `csdr`pd`ôc c mg ib dknuc`mbm.

 

 Brtîduik 245¶.-Dkctgc`mk 245¶.-Dkctgc`mk mg mgii Gstbtutk  Gstbtutk mg ibs dknuc`m dknuc`mbmgs bmgs Gi Zk Zkmgr mgr Gfgdu Gfgdut`v t`vk k rge rgeuib uib gi gs gstbt tbtutk utk mg ibs dknuc dknuc`mb `mbmgs mgs,, gi dub dubii dkc dkcsb sberb erb su butkcknîb gdkcôn`db y bmn`c`strbt`vb, bsî dknk iks mgrgdoks y kai`ebd`kcgs mg sus n`gnarks y ibs mgnâs ckrnbs pbrb su rgdkckd`n`gctk, `csdr`pd`ôc, krebc`zbd`ôc y hucd`kcbn`gctk. Ib ckrnb gstbaigdg qug gs hbduitbm mgi Zkmgr Gfgdut`vk rgeuibr gi gstbtutk mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs dknuc`mbm gs gi dubi, mg dkchkrn`mbm dkc ik m`spugstk gc ib Dkcst`tud`ô Dkcst`tud`ôc, c, dkcsberb su butkcknîb gdkcôn`db y bmn`c`strbt`vb bmn`c`strbt`vb.. Gi brtîduik 245ºsgòbib, bsî n`snk, qug m`dok gstbtutk ob mg ckrnbr iks mgrgdoks y kai`ebd`kcgs mg sus n`gnarks y tkmk dubctk btbòg b su rgdkckd`n`gctk, `csdr`pd`ôc, krebc`zbd`ôc y hucd`kcbn`gctk.

 Brtîduik 24?¶.24?¶.- Bsbnaigb Egcg Egcgrbi rbi Ib bsbnaigb egcgrbi gs gi ôrebck suprgnk mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs. Iks m`rgdt`vks y rgprgsgc rgpr gsgctbctg tbctgs s dknu dknucbig s skcks. gig gige`mk e`mkss pgr` pgr`ôm` ôm`dbng dbngctg, ctg, ngm` ngm`bctg bctg vktk pgrs pgrskcb kcbi,i, `eubi, i`args, sgdrgtks ycbigs kai`ebtkr` kai`ebtkr`ks. Tg trbtb mg ucb ckrnb ckrnb ck prgv` prgv`stb stb pkr ib Dkcst`tud` Dkcst`tud`ôc ôc Zkiît`db. Gi brtîdui brtîduik k prgsdr`ag qug ib Bsbnaigb Egcgrbi gs gi ôrebck suprgnk mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs y sg rgh`grg b ib gigdd`ôc mgnkdrât`db mg iks m`rgdt`vks y rgprgsgctbctgs dknucbigs. Ib gigdd`ôc mg m`rgdt`vks y rgprgsgctbctgs dknucbigs ob mg sgr pgr`ôm`db. Giik supkcg ucb bitgrcbcd`b gc ibs hucd`kcgs mg bdugrmk b ik qug m`spkceb ib ige`sibd`ôc gspgd`bi. Gi suhrbe`k sg obrâ ngm`bctg vktk pgrskcbi, `eubi, i`arg, sgdrgtk y kai`ebtkr`k. Gi prgsgctg m`spks`t`vk `npkcg uc ràe`ngc mgnkdrât`dk qug sureg mg ib absg dknuc`tbr`b gc ik qug btbòg b ib dkcmudd`ôc mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs y t`gcmg b gv`tbr ib pgrpgtu`mbm gc, iks dbreks y b ebrbct`zbr ib i`arg gn`s`ôc mgi vktk.  Brtîduik 240¶.240¶.- Zbmrôc y dbtbstrk m mg g ibs dknuc` dknuc`mbmgs mbmgs Ibs dknuc`mbmgs t`gcgc uc pbmrôc egcgrbi bdtubi`zbmk dkc gi cknarg, bdt`v`mbm, mkn`d`i`k mkn`d`i` k y hgdob mg bmn`s`ôc mg dbmb uck mg sus n`gnarks, dkc `cm`dbd`ôc `cm`dbd`ôc mg iks qug gfgrzbc dbreks m`rgdt`vks k rgprgsgctbd`ôc. Ibs dknuc`mbmgs t`gcgc, bs`n`snk, uc dbtbstrk gc gi qug dkcstbc iks a`gcgs qug `ctgerbc su pbtr`nkc`k. Gc gi pbmrôc egcgrbi y gc gi dbtbstrk dkcstbc tbna`àc iks mgnâs mbtks qug sgòbig ib ige`sibd`ôc gspgd`bi. Gi pbmrôc pbmrôc egcgrb egcgrbii gs s`n` s`n`ibr ibr bi rge`str rge`strk k mg ib bskd bskd`bd` `bd`ôc ôc b qug sg rgh`g rgh`grg rg gi brtîdu brtîduik ik ?4º, yb qug mgag dkctgcgr iks n`snks mbtks, gi cknarg, bdt`v`mbm, mkn`d`i`k y hgdob mg bmn`s`ôc bmn` s`ôc mg dbmb uck mg sus n`gn n`gnarks arks,, dkc `cm` `cm`dbd` dbd`ôc ôc mg iks qug gfgr gfgrzbc zbc dbrek dbrekss

 

m`rgdt`vks k mg rgprgsgctbd`ôc. Tu tgxtk tbna`àc gs s`n`ibr bi mgi brtîduik 221º qug mgtgrn`cb ib kai`ebd`ôc mgi Dkn`tà mg tgcgr uc rge`strk dkc `màct`db `chkrnbd`ôc. Gi brtîduik 240º mgfb pbrb ib igy gspgd`bi gi rgeuibr ik dkcdgrc`gctg bi nkmk mg iigvbr gi pbmrôc y ik rgibt`vk bi hucd`kcbr`k qug ik tgcmrâ abfk su rgspkcsba`i`mbm. Gi cungrbi 240º prgsdr`ag gi mgagr mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs mg pksggr uc dbtbstrk gc gi qug dkcstgc iks a`gcgs qug hkrnbc pbrtg mg su pbtr`nkc`k. Gstg rge`strk dbtbstrbi ck skik t`gcg `npkrtbcd`b `chkrnbt`vb, s`ck qug gs tbna`àc mg ut`i`mbm pbrb qug sg obeb pbtgctg ib bdd`ôc prktgdtkrb mgi Gstbmk gc ik qug b dknuc`mbmgs sg rgh`grg.   Gc ghgdtk, ck sg pugmg mgfbr mg bmvgrt`r, gctrg ktrks bspgdtks, qug gi sgeucmk bpbrtbmk mgi brtîduik 248º mgtgrn`cb qug mgag prgsun`rsg qug skc mg prkp`gmbm dknucb dkn ucbii ibs t`grrb t`grrbss pks pksgîm gîmbs bs mg bdu bdugrm grmk k bi rgd rgdkc kckd` kd`n` n`gct gctk k g `csdr `csdr`pd `pd`ôc `ôc mg ib dknuc`mbm. Bucqug gi brtîduik ck ik pgrdgptöb, gs mg `nbe`cbr qug gi rgdkckd`n`gctk kh`d`bi ob mg ghgdtubrsg iugek mg tgcgr b ib v`stb tbctk gi pbmrôc dknk gi dbtbstrk mg ib dk dknu nuc` c`mb mbm m y pr prgv gv`b `b vg vgr` r`h`h`db dbd` d`ôc ôc mg ib gxbd gxbdt`t`tu tum m mg ib `chk `chkrn rnbd bd`ô `ôc c dkct dkctgc gc`m `mb b gspgd`bingctg gspgd`bin gctg gc gi öit`nk mg iks rge`strks bctg cknarbmks dknuc`mbm dknuc`mbmgs gs mg ib MQB y gc iks Qge`strks Zöai`dks.

QGE@NGC MG ]@GQQBT MG IBT DKNWC@MBMGT DBNZGT@CBT Ib Igy C¶ 187:7, Igy mg ib `cvgrs`ôc pr`vbmb gc gi mgsbrrkiik mg ibs bdt`v`mbmgs gd gdkc kcôn ôn`d `dbs bs gc ibs ibs t`gr t`grrb rbss mg mgii tgrr tgrr`t `tkr kr`k `k cb cbd` d`kc kcbi bi y mg ib ibss dknu dknuc` c`mb mbmg mgss dbnpgs`cbs y cbt`vbs, tbna`àc iibnbmb Igy mg ]`grrbs, ]`grrbs , gstbaigdg gc su brtîduik ? qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs dbnpgs`cbs y ibs dknuc`mbmgs cbt`vbs skc i`args mg bmkptbr pkr  bdugrmk nbykr`tbr`k mg sus n`gnarks gi nkmgik mg krebc`zbd`ôc gnprgsbr`bi qug mg mgd`m d`mbc bc gc bsb bsbna naigb igb,, ck gs gstbc tbcmk mk suf sufgtb gtbss bi dun dunpi` pi`n`g n`gctk ctk mg c`c c`ceö eöc c rgq rgqu` u`s`t s`tk k bmn`c`strbt`vk prgv`k< tbna`àc, gi brtîduik 2: sgòbib qug ibs dknuc`mbmgs mgagrâc rgeuibr`zbr su krebc`zbd`ôc dknucbi mg bdugrmk dkc iks prgdgptks dkcst`tud`kcbigs y ib prgsgctg igy. Ibs d`tbmbs ckrnbs ck rgeuibc ib krebc`zbd`ôc y bmn`c`strbd`ôc mg ibs dknuc`mbmgs cbt`vbs, s`ck qug mgi pgrn`tgc qug àstbs kptgc pkr nkmgik sg qug sg bmgdug b su cbturbigzb, mgctrk nbrdk igebi y dkcst`tud`kc dkcst`tud`kcbi. bi. Giucprkaignb prgsgctb dubcmk gi gstbtutk dkct`gcg vbdîks, gc gstg dbsk iks kpgrbmkrgs mgi mgrgdok ck mumbc gc bpi`dbr  ibs ibs ck ckrn rnbs bs sk skar arg g dk dknu nuc` c`mb mbmg mgss db dbnp npgs gs`c `cbs bs