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ULHBBCFDLR X\CICBHR Mhrfjg Ufgrénulz *Lstugchdtl @hbujthg gl Cdnldclréhs / \dcvlrscghg Jh Nrhd Bfjfiech, Efnftè, Bfjfiech. 5158-8R mrfgrcnulzjAujhnrhdbfjfiech.lgu.bf,, bmlicstryunbAnihcj.bfi l-ihcj? mrfgrcnulzjAujhnrhdbfjfiech.lgu.bf

ULR\ILD?

\dh rlhbbcòd quéicbh ls lj prfblsf pfr lj buhj udh f iès susthdbchs quéicbhs sl trhds`frihd ld ftrhs susthdbch susth dbchss gc`lr gc`lrldtl ldtls. s. Bfif prfgubtf gl jfs bhiecfs quéicbfs f rlhb rlhbbcfd bcfdls ls quéic quéicbhs bhs jfs ljli ljlildtfs ldtfs frcncdhjls frcncdhjls sfd bfipjlthildtl hjtlrhgfs ghdgf frcnld h jh `frihbcòd gl dulvhs susthdbchs. Rl rlhjczhrfd gc`lrldtls lxplrcildtfs ld jfs qul fburrclrfd vhrcfs tcpfs gl rlhbbcfdls quéicbhs, buipjcldgf bfd jhs dfrihs gl slnurcghg l cgldtc`cbhdgf jfs prfblsfs qul fburrclrfd ld jh prèbtcbh fetldcldgf ud hdèjcscs prcihrcf gl jfs bhiecfs `éscbfs phrh pfstlrcfrildtl bhjbujhr jfs rlsujthgfs quéicbfs.

QHJHEUHR BJHPLR? Ulhbbcòd, prfblsfs, susthdbchs, rlsujthgfs. HERWUHBW? H bmlicbhj rlhbtcfd cs tml prfblss ey wmcbm fdl fr ifrl bmlicbhj suesthdbls hrl trhds`frilg cdtf ftmlr  gc``lrldt suesthdbls. Hs h prfgubt f` bmlicbhj bmhdnls fr bmlicbhj rlhbtcfds, tml frcncdhj ljlildts hrl bfipjltljy hjtlrlg, ncvcdn rcsl tf tml `frihtcfd f` dlw suesthdbls. Gc``lrldt lxplrcildts wlrl bhrrclg fut cd wmcbm vhrcfus typls f` bmlicbhj rlhbtcfds fbburrlg, bfipjycdn wctm sh`lty rlnujhtcfds hdg cgldtc`ycdn tml prfblssls tmht fbburrlg cd prhbtcbl, fethcdcdn h  prcihry hdhjyscs f` pmyscbhj pmyscbhj bmhdnls hdg tml tmld d bhjbujhtcdn ttml ml bmlicbhj rls rlsujts. ujts. KLS^FUGR? Ulhbtcfd, prfblssls, suesthdbls, rlsujts.

rlhjczhrfd gc`lrldtls lxplrcildtfs ld jfs qul fburrclrfd vhrcfs tcpfs gl rlhbbcfdls quéicbhs, ld su ihyfréh trhtèdgfsl gl gfejl glspjhzhicldtf.. Lstfs lxplrcildtfs glspjhzhicldtf `ulrfd bucghgfshildtl bucghgfshildtl rlhjczhgfs h bhush gl jfs pfscejls rclsnfs qul prlsldthd, jh cgldtc`cbhbcòd gl jhs rlhbbcfdls y 8

 

 prfgubtfs `ul rèpcgh glecgf glecgf h jfs  prfblsfs Gl qullstl fburrclrfd  prèbtcbh. ifgf jfs ld jh ifgf rlsujthgfs fetldcgfs buipjclrfd bfd jh lxplbthtcvh qul f`rlbl jh tlfréh ushgh ld lsth lxplrcldbch. 8. CD CDWU WUFG FG\B \BBC BCÒD ÒD 5. IHWLU IHWLUCHJ CHJLR LR S ILWFG ILWFGFJF FJFNÉH NÉH

Glsgl scliprl lj slr muihdf mh sldtcgf burcfscghg gl shelr quã fburrl fburrl rlhjildtl rlhjildtl ld lj ldtfr ldtfrdf, df, bfd lj phsf glj tclipf tclipf iubmh iubmhss plrsf plrsfdhs dhs sl mhd glgcb glgcbhgf hgf hj ld`fqul quéicbf quéicbf gl jf qul dfs rfg rfglh, lh, `hbcj `hbcjcthdgf cthdgf lj ifgf ld lj qul sl pulgld ldtldglr hbtuhjildtl jhs rlhbbcfdls quéicbhs. Buhdgf sl ilzbjhd bclrths susthdbchs, fburrld rlhbbcfdls ld jhs qul jfs ètfifs sl rlhbfifghd phrh `frihr dulvhs susthdbchs. (8)

Ld jh prcilrh phrtl glj lxplrcildtf sl tfiò ud `rhnildtf gl bcd bcdth th gl ihndls ihndlscf cf lj buhj sl suo suoltò ltò bfd udhs udhs pcdzhs pcdzhs phrh lxpfdlrjf hj `ulnf gl ud ilbmlrf y sl feslrvò lj prfblsf gl bfieustcòd qul tuvf. Qfstlrcfrildtl sl bfjfbò jh bcdth gl ihndlscf ld udh bhpsujh gl pfrbljhdh bfif sl hprlbch ld jh `cnurh 5.8, phrh hgcbcfdhrjl 2 ij gl hnuh glscfdczhgh bfd udh  pcplth nrhguhgh gl 81 ij l cdilgchthildtl cdilgchthildtl sl hnrlnò udh nfths gl `ldfj`thjlédh `ldfj`thjlédh phrh bfdfb bfdfblr lr lj pM.

Hj fburrcr udh rlhbbcòd quéicbh, suljld prlsldthrsl hjnudhs gl jhs scnucldtls bhrhbtlréstcbhs? Licscòd gl nhsls, l`lrvlsbldbch, bhiecfs gl bfjfr, licscòd gl juz, ljlvhbcòd gl jh tliplrhturh y `fr `frihb ihbcòd còd gl dulvhs dulvhs susthd susthdbch bchs, s, ld ftrhs ftrhs phjher phjherhs, hs, udh rlhbbcòd quéicbh ls lj prfblsf ilgchdtl lj buhj tcldl junhr udh trhds`frihbcòd trhds`frihbcòd quéicbh. Jhs rlhbb rlhbbcfdls cfdls quéicbhs quéicbhs sl rlprlsld rlprlsldthd thd nrè`cbhi nrè`cbhildtl ldtl pfr  ilgcf ilg cf gl lbu lbuhbc hbcfdl fdlss qué quéicb icbhs hs ehj ehjhdb hdblhg lhghs. hs. Qhr Qhrhh jllr jllr f lsbrcecr udh lbuhbcòd quéicbh, sl gleld slnucr jhs scnucldtls rlnjhs? Jhs `òriujhs gl jfs rlhbtcvfs sl lsbrceld h jh czquclrgh y jhs gl jfs prfgubtfs h jh glrlbmh, glrlbmh, slphrh slphrhghs ghs hiehs pfr udh `jlbmh qul cdgcbh lj sldtcgf gl jh rlhbbcòd. (5)

@cn. 5.8. Ilbmlrf y bhpsujhs gl pfrbljhdh. Rl gcf gcf Bf Bfdt dtcd cduc ucgh ghg g hj lx lxpl plrc rcil ildt dtf f gl gltl tlri ricd cdhd hdgf gf lj rldgcicldtf gl prfgubbcòd gl mcgrfnldf, sl suoltò ud tuef gl ldshyf bfd glsprldgcicldtf jhtlrhj sferl ud sfpfrtl udcvlrshj lj buhj sl houstò h udh ihdnulrh qul sl cdtrfguof gldtrf gl udh prfelth cdvlrtcgh, sl jjldò gl hnuh y sl suilrncò ld ud vhsf gl prlbcpcthgf gl 8J jjldf gl hnuh.

Jfs bfdblptfs, jlyls y lbuhbcfdls qul sustldthd lsth prèbtcbh ld lj usf gl jfs ihtlrchjls, prfblgcicldtf y tfih gl ghtfs, sl cgldtc`cbhd ld jh iltfgfjfnéh. Julnf sl prlsldth ud hdèjcscs gl rlsujthgfs fetldcgf gl jhs lbuhbcfdls hpjcbhghs, ljhefrhbcòd gl jhs thejhs thejhs y nrè`cb nrè`cbhs hs phrh phrh `cd `cdhji hjildt ldtll gcsbut gcsbutcr cr gl `fr `frih ih hrnuildth hrnuil dthtcv tcvhh y brctcb brctcbhh jfs rlsuj rlsujthg thgfs fs y bfd bfdbju bjucr cr bfd lj cd`fril. (2)

5

 

Qfstlrcfrildtl ld udh ehjhdzh slic-hdhjctcbh bfif sl hprlbch ld jh `cnurh 5.5, sl prfblgcò bfd lj rlncstrf gl jh ihsh gl ud `rhnildtf gl bcdth gl ihndlscf jh buhj df gleéh lxblglr jfs 81 in.

 ejhdbh. Julnf gl tlricdhgf lj prfblsf gl jh bfieustcòd, sl cgldtc`cbò qul jh bcdth gl ihndlscf pclrgl sus  prfpclghgls, bhiecò gl tlxturh tlxtu rh glscd glscdtlnr tlnrèdgfs èdgfsll ld  phrtébujhs iès plquløhs.

gl pM981.

Whejh 5. Uldgcicldtf prfgubbcòd gl mcgrfnldf ULHBBCFD X\CICBH EHJHDBLHGH In + M5RF7 ↕ InRF7 + M5 Ihsh gl bcdth gl ihndlscf (n)

Pfjuild (iJ) Cdcbchj gl M5RF7

Wclipf gl rlhbbcfd

Pfjuild (iJ) Qrfgubcgf gl M5

1,180

81

-

8=

Pfjuild (iJ) Wlfrcbf lsplrhgf gl M5

87,>5

@cn. 5.5. Ehjhdzh slic-hdhjétcbh slic-hdhjétcbh.. % Gl rldgcicldtf gl M5 fetldcgf

Rlnucgf glj rlncstrf sl prfblgcò h sctuhr lj `rhnildtf gl bcdth gl ihndlscf hj cdtlrcfr glj tuef gl ldshyf bfd glsprldgcicldtf jhtlrhj, sl thpò lj tuef bfd ud thpòd lj buhj

7. GC GCRB RB\R \RCÒ CÒD D

lstuvf lstuvf htrhvlsh htrhvlshgf gf pfr udh olr olrcdn cdnhh bhrnhg bhrnhghh bfd 81 ij gl M5RF7 3I. Cdilgchthildtl sl gloh bhlr lj èbcgf suj`ÿrcbf hj cdtlrcfr glj tuef gl ldshyf, sl feslrvò ud eureuolf bfif rlhbbcòd.

Lj hdèjcscs gl lsth prèbtcbh gl jhefrhtfrcf y su cipjlildthbcòd ld lj cd`fri cd`frill dfs gcf h bfdfbl bfdfblrr bòif bòif hefrgh hefrghrr gc`lrl gc`lrldtl dtlss iãtfgfs, iãtfg fs, prfbl prfblgcic gcicldtfs ldtfs,, fetl fetldbcò dbcòd d gl ghtfs, ghtfs, hdèj hdèjcscs cscs gl rlsujthgfs y dfs gh jh prlicsh gl tldlr bjhrf bòif bfdstrucr y lxpjcbhr h trhvãs gl lstl cd`fril dulstrh lxplrcldbch ld jh  prcilrh prèbtcbh prèbtcbh gl jhefrhtfr jhefrhtfrcf. cf.

Rl lvcgldbcf qul gurhdtl lj prfblsf gl rlhbbcòd sl prfgubl ud nhs ld jh prfelth cdvlrtcgh lj buhj `ul bfdtldcgf, glspjhzhdgf lj hnuh y `cdhjczò udh vlz sl bfdsuicò tfgh jh bhdtcghg gl ihndlscf ld lj tuef gl ldshyf. Rlnucgf sl tfiò jh jlbturh gl jh bhdtcghg gl mcgrfnldf nhslfsf prfgubcgf hj cdtlrcfr gl jh  prfelth cdvlrtcgh. cdvlrtcgh.

Ld jh ljhefr ljhefrhbc hbcòd òd glj cd`fri cd`frill tuvcif tuvcifss vld vldtho thohh gl bfdthr  bfdthr  ihtlrchj ecejcfnrè`cbf bfif nuéhs gl jhefrhtfrcf, gl jh pèncdh mttps?//bmlicstryunb.wcxsct cstryunb.wcxsctl.bfi/sthrt l.bfi/sthrt,, qul bldtrh jh wle mttps?//bmli cd`frihbcòd qul dfs ercdgh lj prf`lsfr gl quéicbh eèscbh.

2. ULR\JWHGFR Ld jh prèbtcbh sl tfihrfd jfs ghtfs gl jhs rlhbbcfdls quéicbhs gl jh bfieustcòd gl jh bcdth gl ihndlscf y lj prfblsf gl

30=1/ 1.33/>30=1/ [8Y [8Ymttp?//rc.uh slbil-8155V8.pg`6slquldbl98&csHjjfwlg9y [5Y Nuéh gl jhefrhtfrcf jhefrhtfrcf D± 7 [2Y @uldtl prfpch, hdèjcscs hdèjcscs nuéh gl jhefrhtfrcf jhefrhtfrcf D±7

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