Informe de Practica
October 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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^AHWNRPHDFD AF@HLAFJ F^TÐALIF DN OLAD^RFP NA NJ WFJJN DN P^JF ^AFO-WP
HAGLRIN DN LBTNA@HLA JF ]RF@TH@F ]RLGNPHLAFJ ]FRF JF DNJ THT^JL JH@NA@HFT^RF NA HAENAHNRHF HAD^PTRHFJ
RNFJHSFDL NA3 ER^]L @FJNT P^PTNATFDL ]LR3 RLENR UHJGRNDL B^PTHJJL @FRBFCFJ 852=704
PFA ]NDRL P^JF, 2> NANRL 2=67
^ A F O ‐ W W P ^AHWNRPHDFD AF@HLAFJ F^TLALIF DN OLAD^RFP NA NJ WFJJN DN P^JF HAENAHNRHF HAD^PTRHFJ
Futlrhzf`hða
]lr nstn indhl, na ih `ladh`hða dn `llrdhafdlr dn jf `frrnrf dn Haenahnréf Hadustrhfj, futlrhzl fj fjuial Rlenr Uhjgrndl Busthjjl @frbfcfj, `la aóinrl dn `unatf 852=704 pfrf qun prl`ndf f na`ufdnrafr
su hhaglrin aglrin dn ]ræ`th`f ]rlgnshlafj Pupnrvhsfdf, `lil rnquhshtl rnqu hshtl prnvhl f su
havnsthdurf prlgnshlafj, na vhstf qun, `uipjn `la jls rnqunrhihnatls qun f jf gn`of sn nxhena. ]frf qun qundn `lastfa`hf, ghril y snjjl f jls vnhath`ha`l défs dnj ins dn nanrl dnj dls ihj dhn`hsèhs
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Hae. Dfahs Rfiða @fsthjjl @llrdhafdlrr dn Haenahnréf Hadustrhfj @llrdhafdl ^AFO-WP
2
DNDH@FTLRHF
F Dhls, plr dfrin jf gunrzfs dn pnrsnvnrfr na Nj, jf sfjud sfjud y fbrhr jfs punrtfs qun in pnrihthnrla pldnr `ujihafr uals dn jls lbcnthvls prlpunstls prlpu nstls na ih vhdf.
F ih Ifdrn @fadhdf @frbfcfj @frbfcfj,, qun erf`hfs f sus `lasncls y fahils lplrtuals in euhfrla plr nj `fihal `lrrn`tl pfrf pldnr `ujihafr ihs nstudhls supnrhlrns, nspnrl qun fjjf na nj `hnjl sn shef shathnadl lreujjlsf dn ih, pfrf th ifdrn `la tldl ih filr. Phniprn nstfrfs na tldls ihs jlerls.
F ih pfdrn Iheunj Busthjjl, plr `lrrnehrin na nj ilinatl lplrtual y nasnöfrin qun na jf vhdf ofy qun ju`ofr y trfbfcfr pfrf sfjhr fdnjfatn.
Na nspn`hfj f ih qunrhdf nsplsf Niif Ifrqunz, plr su ha`ladh`hlafj ha`ladh`hlafj fplyl plr ofbnr shdl jf gunrzf qun in hipujsl f `lathaufr na jls ilinatls na qun jfs dhgh`ujtfdns dhsihauynrla jls fahils dn fvfazfr, sha tu fply fplyll al oubhnsn `lasneuhdl fj`fazfr nstn jlerl. jlerl. Tn fil.
F ihs ohcls, Ausjy, Niiy y Rlenr Dfvhd, plr snr uaf hasphrf`hla dn supnrf`hla na ih vhdf, dnsnl na Dhls qun f guturl pundfa slbrnpfsfr nstf intf `la jf euhf dn Dhls y jf aunstrf.
0
FERFDN@HIHNATL
F Dhls tldlpldnrlsl, plr ofbnr euhfdl ihs pfsls na nstn `fihal dn vhdf, plr jf sfbhdurhf, jf sfjud, jf pnrsnvnrfa`hf, jfglrtfjnzf y jf jf bnadh`hla dn `ujihafr y pnrih pnrihthr thr fj`fazfr nstn lbcnthvl. Pha th na aunstrfs vhdf al sn pundn fj`fazfr afdf.
F ihs f pfdrns plr su fplyl ha`ladh`hlafj na tldl ilinatl y sf`rhgh`hls durfatn nstls föls dn nstudhl, na nspn`hfj f th ifdrn qun al pldrfs nstfr ghsh`finatn, pnrl dnsdn nj `hnjl shniprn nstfrfs `uhdfadl dn ihs pfsls.
F ih nsplsf, plr tldl su fplyl y sf`rhgh`hls dn tldf hadljn pfrf pldnr `ujihafr nstf intf na aunstrfs vhdfs, sha tu ju`of f ih jfdl nstl al jl oubhnsn fj`fazfdl. Tn fil.
F aunstrf qunrhdf ^ahvnrshdf Af`hlafj Futlalif dn Oladurfs dnj Wfjjn dn Pujf, plr snr jf `fsf qun in pnrihthl slöfr y fj`fazfr nj lbncnthvl dn snr ua prlgnshlafj uahvnrshtfrhl y pldnr `latrhbuhr fj dnsfrrljjl dn aunstrl fifdl pfés.
F ihs Onrifals, plr su fplyl na dntnrih dntnrihafdl afdl ilinatl pfrf pldnr sneuhr fvfazfadl fvfazfadl y `ujihafr nstf ntfpf dn ih vhdf.
F ih gfihjhf, fihels y ifnstrls, qun durfatn nstls föls fplrtfrla `la fjeua `lasncl, nasnöfazf y in brhadfrla su fplyl pfrf fj`fazf fj`fazfrr nstf intf.
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HADH@N DN @LATNAHDL
Hatrldu``hla………………………………………………………………….…...………? @fphtujl H. Enanrfjhdfdns y dns`rhp`hla dn jf niprnsf 6.6 @frf`tnrhzf`hða enanrfj dn jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT ……………………......….……6= 6.2 Whsh Whshða ða y ihshla dn Erupl @FJNT……………….……………………… @FJNT……………….……………………….….…..……. 6= 6.0 Wfjlrns dn Erupl @FJNT………………………………………………… .....….……..66 6.4 Dhrn``hla dn Erupl @FJNT……………………...……….………………………… @FJNT……………………...……….…………………………… …66 6.> Trfbfcls qun brhadf Er upl upl @FJNT…………………………………………… @FJNT……………………………………………… ….……62 6.7 Trfbfcls dn lbrf l brf `hvhj Erupl @FJNT…………………………………………… @FJNT………………………………………………… ……..62 6.5 F`thvhdfdns bfsh`fs dn lbrfs `hvhjns inalrns…………………………………………..60 Erupl @FJNT………………………………………… @FJNT…………………………………………… …...60 6.? @jhnatns y ]rlvnndlrns dn Erupl 6.8 Nstru`turf lrefahzf`hlafj dn Erupl @FJNT……………………………………………64 @FJNT……………………………………………64
@fphtujl HH. Gua`hlans y f`thvhdfdns fsheafdfs y rnfjhzfdfs 2.6 Gua`hlans f dnsfrrljjfr dnatrl dn Erupl @FJNT na jf ]]P ………….....…………..…..67 2.2 Dnsfrrljjl dn jf havnsthef`hla dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd na Erupl @FJNT (Dnsdn nj 20/gnbrnrl 20/ gnbrnrl fj 20/ifyl dnj 2=6>)……………………………………..65
2.0 Dnghah`hða dnj pjfatnfihnatl dnj prlbjnif dn jf havnsthef`hla………………………… havnsthef`hla…………………………65 2.4 Dnghah`hða dn Lbcnthvl Enanrfj y nspn`hgh`ls dn jf havnsthef`hla……………………… havnsthef`hla……………………….65 2.> Dnghah`hða dn jf custhgh`f`hla custhgh`f`hla y jf vhfbhjhdfd dn jf havnsthef`hla……………… havnsthef`hla……………….……….6? 2.7 Dnghah`hða dn jfs ohpltnshs dn jf havnsthef`hla dn jf havnsthef`hla……………………....2= havnsthef`hla……………………....2= 2.5 Dnghah`hða dn jf intldljlehf intldl jlehf dn jf havnsthef`hla…………………………………… havnsthef`hla…………………………………….…..26 2.? Dnghah`hða dnj prl`ndhihnatl dn d n jf havnsthef`hla………………………………………..22 havnsthef`hla………………………………………..22 2.8 Dnghah`hða dn jf snjn``hða y `fj`ujl dn jf iunstrf dn jf havnsthef`hla ……….………….20
>
2.6=. Dnghah`hla dn jf rn`ljn``hla dn jls dftls dn havnsthef`hla………………………….2> havnsthef`hla………………………….2> 2.66. Dnghah`hða dn jf indh`hla indh`hla prlindh prl indhl l plr pl r lpnrf`hða…………………………………27 lpnrf`hða…………………………………27 2.62. Dnghah`hða dnj `fj`ujl dnj thnipl t hnipl alrifj dn lpnrf`hða…………………….……….25
2.60. Dnghah`hða dnj `fj`ujl dnj thnipl `la`ndhdl plr njninatl y thnipl nst fadfr…...…2? 2.64. Dnghah`hða dnj dhferfif dn lpnrf`hlans dn prl`nsl dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd…………………………………………………… Ghnjd………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………28
2.6>. Dnghah`hða dn jf rn`ljn``hla dn jls dftls d n jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf…………...…0= 2.67. Fafjhshs n hatnrprntf`hla dn jls rnsujtfdls………………………………………… rnsujtfdls…………………………………………...00 2.65. Onrrfihnatf dhferfif dn pfrntl dn jls gf`tlrns na`latrfdls…………………….….04 2.6?. Hatnrprntf`hla dn jls rnsujtfdls………………………………………………………0> 2.68. Dnsfrrljjfr f`thvhdfdns na jf rnfjhzf`hða dn prnsupunstls y `lthzf`hða dn jls prlyn`tl dn lbrf `hvhj na Erupl @FJNT. (24 ifyl fj 0 cuahl dnj 2=6>) …………………………… 07
@fphtujl HHH. Fplrtf`hlans hipjninatfdfs slbrn jls `lal`hihnat `lal`hihnatls ls fdquhrhdls na jf ^AFO WP 0.6 In`fahsils dn inclrf f hipjninatfr.…………………………………………… ..….…0? 0.2 @lstl na olrfs nxtrfs qun l`fshlafa nstls gf`tlrns na jls prlyn`tls…………….....……..0? 0.0 Hipjninatf`hla dn jf onrrfihnatf onrrfihnatf dn jfs >‘s pfrf rndu`hr rndu`hr nj gf`tlr dn dnslrdna y gfjtf gfjtf dn stl`ks na jf bldnef………………………………………………………………….......…08 bldnef………………………………………………………………….......…08
0.4 Jf bldnef fatns dn jf hipjninatf`hla dn jfs >‘s…………………………………………4= >‘s…………………………………………4= 0.> Jf bldnef dnspuns dn jf hipjnatf`hla dn jfs >‘s……………………………….……........42 0.7 In`fahsil pfrf rndu`hr l njhihafr nj gf`tlr dn gfjtf dn `latrlj dn iftnrhfjns…….……..40 0.5 In`fahsil pfrf rndu`hr l njhihafr nj gf`tlr dn dnilrf na jf natrnef dn iftnrhfjns (frnaf, erfvf, `ninatl y ohnrr l) l) pfrf jf jlsf dn `la`rntl…………………………… `l a`rntl…………………………….……….…..47 0.? @lipfrf`hla dnj thnipl nstfadfr fatns y dnspuns dn jfs inclrfs……………… inclrfs………………......……4?
@la`jushlans y Rn`linadf`hlans @la`jushlans………………………………………………………………………….……….>= Rn`linadf`hlans……………………………………………………………………..……….>6
7
HADH@N DN TFBJFP
Tfbjf H. Dftf dn jls prlyn`tls rnfjhzfdls……………………………………………………20 rnfjhzfdls……………………………………………………20 Tfbjf HH. Dns`frtn dn jls Insns inals prldu`thvls………………… prld u`thvls…………………………………………24 ………………………24
Tfbjf HHH. Thnipls prlindh prlindhls……………………………………………… ls……………………………………………………………….27 ……………….27 Tfbjf HW. Thnipls alrifjns………………………………………………………… alrifjns………………………………………………………………..25 ……..25 Tfbjf W. Thnipl T hnipl `la`ndhdl y nstfadfr………………… nstf adfr………………………………………… ……………………….…………..2? Tfbjf WH. Dftls rn`ljn`tfdls dn jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf…………………………………0= rnprnsnatfthvf…………………………………0=
Tfbjf WHH. Gf`tlrns na`latrfdls na nj iunstrnl……………………………………….……04 iunstrnl……………………………………….……04 Tfbjf WHHH. Ha`uipjhihnatl dnj thnipl nstfadfr na nj iunstrnl…………………….……...0? na`latrfdls……………………………………08 Tfbjf H_. @lstl qun l`fshlafa jls gf`tlrns na`latrfdls……………………………………08 Tfbjf _. ]rlindhl dn iftnrhfjns rnqunrhdls rnqunrhdls plr prlyn`tl………………………………… prlyn`tl………………………………….44
Tfbjf _H Thnipl nstfadfr lpnr # 5, dnspuns dn jf inclrf………………………….………4> inclrf………………………….………4> Tfbjf _HH. @lstl dn jf frnaf y erfvf fdquhrhnadljf fdquhrhnadl jf dhrn`tf fj prlvnndlr…………………..47 Tfbjf _HHH. @lstl dn jf jf frnaf y erfvf fdquhrhnadljf plr vljquntf l i0…………………...45 i0…………………...45 Tfbjf _HW. Thnipl nstfadfr lpnr # 64, dnspuns dn jf inclrf……………………….……..45
Bhbjhlerfghf Fanxls Fanxls # 6. Trfbfcls dn lbrf `hvh `hvhjj na shthls shthls thpl Ernna ghnjd.
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HATRLD^@@HÐA
Nj prnsnatn haglrin iunstrf na glrif `jfrf y dntfjjfdf jfs f`thvhdfdns rnfjhzfdfs rnfjhzfdfs durfatn jf jf præ`th`f prlgnshlafj supnrvhsfdf, ihsif qun sn jjnvð f `fbl na jf niprnsf ER^]L @FJNT, @ FJNT, jf `ufj nstæ ubh`fdf na Rns. Jls Æjfils, P]P. Pn rnfjhzð na jf lrefahzf`hða fatns ina`hlafdf plr `lashdnrfr f nstf niprnsf `lil uaf hasthtu`hða snrhf, jédnr na su rfil, `la iu`of nxpnrhna`hf na nj rubrl dn tnjn`liuah`f`h tnjn`liuah`f`hlans, lans, jl qun jjff `lavhnrtn na uaf iuy iuy fdn`ufdf lrefahzf`hða pfrf fprnadnr y fpjh`fr `lal`hihnatls fdquhrhdls na nstls föls dn nstudhl. Durfatn nj pnrhldl dn ]]P sn rnfjhzð nj nstudhl y inclrf `lathauf dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd yf qun jf niprnsf niprnsf tnaéf shtuf`hlans qun jn hadh`fbfa qun tnaéfa rntrfsls qun f jf vnz sn rngjncfbfa na pèrdhdfs durfatn jf rnfjhzf`hða dn nstls prlyn`tls (trns Insns). Tfibhèa sn rnfjhzð jf prnpfrf`hða y prnsnatf`hða dn jf `lthzf`hða dn jls prlyn`tls dn jf niprnsf (ua ins y indhl). Na nstn snathdl sn of hdnathgh`fdl jf an`nshdfd dn niprnadnr nstn nstudhl, pfrf hdnathgh`fr jls gf`tlrns qun l`fshlafa nstls ftrfsls y na`latrfr jls in`fahsils dn inclrf sn pundna hipjninatfr pfrf jjff rndu``hða dn jls gf`tlrns qun rntrfsfa jf ncn`u`hða dn prlyn`tls dn lbrfs `hvhjns thpl Ernna Ghnjd na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT dn Pfa ]ndrl, Pujf. Pn nspnrf qun nstn nstudhl `la jjnvn f jf slju`hða l dhsihau`hða dn jls gf`tlrns qun fgn`tfa jf rnfjhzf`hða dn nstls prlyn`tls sljh`htfdls f jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT. @la jls `lal`hihnatls fdquhrhdls na nj nstudhl dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd sn rnfjhzð jf prnpfrf`hða y prnsnatf`hða dn jf `lthzf`hða dn nstn thpl dn prlyn`tls.
Nstn haglrin, ns nj rnsujtfdl dn jls `lal`hihnatls dn nstudhl nstu dhl uahvnrshtfrhl, nxpnrhna`hfs y `lal`hihnatls fdquhrhdls dnatrl dn jf niprnsf durfatn nstn pnrhldl dn præ`th`f supnrvhsfdf, `lil tfibhèa rnsujtfdl dn jf fpjh`f`hða dn jls `lal`hihnatls fprnadhdls f jl jfrel dn vfrhls föls dn nstudhl na jf `frrnrf dn Haenahnréf Hadustrhfj na jf ^ahvnrshdfd Af`hlafj Futðalif na nj Wfjjn dn Pujf. ?
@F]HT^JL H. Enanrfjhdfdnss y Dns`rhp`hða dn jf Niprnsf Enanrfjhdfdn
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6.6 @frf`tnrhzf`hða enanrfj dn jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT
Ohstlrhf
Rnsnöf ohstðrh`f dn jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT (@lastru`tlrf Fsnslréf Jleésth`f n Haenahnréf na Tnjn`liuah`f`hlans). Na nj föl 2==5, suren dndh`æadlsn f rnpfrf`hða dn shstnifs P]FT, rnhastfjf`hða dn RBP, hastfjf`hða dn najf`ns dn IU, rnpfrf`hða dn jéanfs prhifrhfs, rnubh`f`hða dn iltlrns-enanrfdlrns, `lastru``hða dn iurls dn sneurhdfd, ifatnahihnatls `lrrn`thvls y prnvnathvls dn shthls, prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj inalrns y ifylrns. @lil dftl fdh`hlafj dn hatnrès, ns hiplrtfatn ina`hlafr qun na nj thnipl dn snrvh`hl onils hastfjfdl3 Iæs dn 64= iltlr-enanrfdlrns, Iæs dn 5= naj najf`ns f`ns dn ih`rlladf, Iæs dn 6>= prlyn`tls dn jéanfs prhifrhfs, Iæs dn 6>= RBP hastfjfdfs, Iæs dn 4== shthls na ifatnahihnatls prnvnathvls y `lrrn`thvls, Iæs dn 0== shthls shthls dn prlyn` prlyn`tls tls dn lbrf `hvhj `hvhj.. Erupl @FJNT af`n dnbhdl f jf dnifadf dn jfs niprnsfs qun nstæa dndh`fdfs fj rubrl dn tnjnglaéf iðvhj na nj pfés na qun sn jn prnstna nstn thpl dn snrvh`hls `fjhgh`fdls. ]lsnn uaf `lbnrturf dn tldl nj pfés, pnrl ifylrinatn na jfs `hudfdns dn Tneu`hefjpf y Pfa ]ndrl sujf. ]frf enanrfr fjeóa thpl dn prldu`tl l snrvh`hl qun prlvnf dn haernsls f jf niprnsf, shniprn `lashdnrfadl qun `ufjquhnr f`thvhdfd hipjninatfdf snf slstnahbjn n`laðih`finatn, sl`hfj y fibhnatfj.
6.2 Whshða y Ihshða dn Erupl @FJNT.
Whshða
Tnanr ua jhdnrfzel ifr`fdl plr nj `liprlihsl, rnspunstf y nj `uipjhihnatl dn jfs nxpn`tfthvfs dn aunstrls `jhnatns, ifatnahnadl nj inclr rn`ursl ouifal, `la aunstrf prlphf hagrfnstru`turf.
6=
Ihshða.
Pnr ua nquhpl dn trfbfcl `fpfz y `liprlinthdl dn brhadfr prldu`tls y snrvh`hls dn `fjhdfd `uipjhnadl jfs nxpn`tfthvfs dn aunstrls `jhnatns.
6.0 Wfjlrns dn Erupl @FJNT.
+ Nx`njna`hf + Jnfjtfd + Haalvf`hða + @rn`hihnatl + Lplrtuahdfd + Inclrf.
6.4 Dhrn``hða dn Erupl @FJNT. Rns. Jls Æjfils HHH ntfpf `fjjn prha`hpfj, Pfa ]ndrl Pujf
Ghe. 6 ^bh`f`hða niprnsf Erupl @FJNT
66
6.> Trfbfcls qun brhadf Erupl @FJNT Na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT sn rnfjhzfa iu`ols snrvh`hls pfrf jf tnjnglaéf iðvhj y ltrfs hadustrhfs, na jls `ufjns jf niprnsf nstæ ftnatf na sfthsgf`nr jfs an`nshdfdns dn sus `jhnatns `la ua fjtl erfdl dn `fjhdfd, ngn`thvhdfd y ngh`hna`hf.
Dnatrl dn nstls snrvh`hls dnstf`frnils jls sheuhnatns3 6.
Pnrvh`hls dn hastfjf`hða y dnshastfjf`hða dn nquhpls dn tnjnglaéf `njujfr.
2.
Pnrvh`hls dn lbrf `hvhj tfatl Ifylrns y Inalrns.
0.
Pnrvh`hls dn Ifatnahihnatl @lrrn`thvl y prnvnathvl f `njdfs.
4.
Hastfjf`hða y ifatnahihnatls dn iltlrns enanrfdlrns.
>.
Pnrvh`hls dn hastfjf`hða dn rndns njè`trh`fs prhifrhfs y sn`uadfrhfs.
6.7 Trfbfcls dn lbrf `hvhj na Erupl @FJNT. Nj trfbfcl3 ns jf f`thvhdfd qun rnfjhzf nj olibrn trfasglrifadl jf afturfjnzf pfrf su bnangh`hl, bus`fadl sfthsgf`nr dhsthatfs an`nshdfdns ouifafs3 ou ifafs3 jf subshstna`hf, jf inclrf dn jf `fjhdfd dn vhdf, jf plsh`hða dnj hadhvhdul dnatrl dn jf sl`hndfd, jf sfthsgf``hða pnrslafj. Trfbfcls dn lbrf `hvhj inalrns na Erupl @FJNT3 Pla fdn`uf`hlans `hvhjns y njè`trh`fs qun sn rnquhnrna na jfs `njdfs dn tnjnglaéf iðvhj (Thel, @jfrl) prnvhl f jf hastfjf`hða dn nquhpls aunvls pfrf inclrfr su rnd dn snrvh`hls. Pn rnfjhzfa lbrfs `hvhjns inalrns na dls thpls dn `njdfs, `lil snr jfs hastfjfdfs na fzltnfs dn ndhgh`hls (uthjhzf pjftfglrif intæjh`f) y jf ltrf Ernna Ghnjd na su prlphl nspf`hl dn tnrrnal (uthjhzf jlsf dn `la`rntl `ufadl al nxhstn na jf `njdf).
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6.5 F`thvhdfdns bæsh`fs dn lbrfs `hvhjns inalrns. Na glrif enanrfj suihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn tldls jls rnqunrhihnatls pfrf jf lbrf `hvhj sljh`htfdls, f`thvhdfdns3 6. Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dnj `fbjnfdl y du`tnrhf dnj F@ (fjhinatf`hða njè`trh`f dnj nquhpl aunvl) `lan`tfdf fj pfanj njè`trh`l nxhstnatn na jf `njdf f trfvès dn brnfknr PD 2x7=fip. 2. Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn `fcfs `fatnx y du`tnrhf pfrf jf ghbrf ðpth`f y `fbjns dn pldnr D@ dn jls nquhpls f hastfjfr. 0. Puihahstrl y `lastru``hða dn jlsf dn `la`rntl dn 2.6=itsx6.4=itsx =.4=it 4. Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn `ljfs dn ftnrrhzfcns f thnrrf dn jls nquhpls.
6.? @jhnatns y ]rlvnndlrns dn Erupl @FJNT
@jhnatns + @NJTNJ PF (Thel). + @JFRL. + NRH@PPLA. + O^FUNH.
]rlvnndlrns + Puihahstrls Njè`trh`ls (PNJ) + F@NX@L + Dhstrhbuhdlrf Hadustrhfj. + Nquhpls Hadustrhfjns. + ]NJPF. + Gnrrntnréf Ilatnrrlsl. + HAGNRRF
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6.8 Nstru`turf Lrefahzf`hlafj dn Erupl @FJNT.
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@F]HT^JL HH. Gua`hlans y F`thvhdfdns fsheafdfs y rnfjhzfdfs
6>
2.6 Gua`hlans f Dnsfrrljjfr dnatrl dn jf Niprnsf Erupl @FJNT na jf ]]P.
F. Havnsthef`hða y nstudhl dn jls jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd (20 gnbrnrl fj 20 ifyl dnj 2=6>). Na nstn snathdl snathdl sn hdnathgh`ð jjff an`nshdfd dn niprnadnr niprnadnr nstn nstudhl y sn fsheað jf rnfjhzf`hða dn jf ihsif, pfrf hdnathgh`fr jls gf`tlrns qun l`fshlafa nstls ftrfsls y na`latrfr jls in`fahsils dn inclrf sn pundna hipjninatfr hipjninatfr pfrf jjff rndu``hða dn jls gf`tlrns qun rntrfsfa jf jf ncn`u`hða dn prlyn`tls dn lbrfs `hvhjns thpl Ernna Ghnjd. G hnjd. Pn nspnrf qun nstf havnsthef`hða pnrihtf f jf niprnsf inclr `la jf natrnef dn jls prlyn`tls, rnduz`f jls `lstls qun l`fshlafa jls ftrfsls y jf `fjhdfd dnj snrvh`hl. Pn dnsfrrljjð jf havnsthef`hða dn f`unrdl f jf nasnöfazf bhbjhlerægh`f ¨ Onraæadnz, Onraæadnz y Bfpthstf. (2=6=). Intldljleéf dn Jf Havnsthef`hða. Vuhatf Ndh`hða. Inxh`l3 Ndhtlrhfj I` Erfw Ohjj¨
B. Rnfjhzf`hða dn prnsupunstls y `lthzf`hða dn jls prlyn`tl dn lbrf `hvhj na Erupl @FJNT. (24 ifyl fj 0 cuahl dnj 2=6>). @la nj `lal`hihnatl qun sn fdquhrhð na nj dnsfrrljjl dn jf havnsthef`hða dn jls prlyn`tls dn jf niprnsf sn `lathaul jfs fsheaf`hlans na nj Dnptl. dn prnsupunstl y `lth `lthzf`hlans, zf`hlans, pfrf fplyfr na jfs f`thvhdfdns dn rnfjhzfr jls prnsupunstls dn jls prlyn`tls f rnfjhzfrsn y dn jfs `lthzf`hlans dn trfbfcls yf ghafjhzfdls. Xf qun jfs dhinashlans dn jls shthls dladn sn rnfjhzfa jls prlyn`tls jfs `lthzf`hlans dn jfs jfs `fathdfdns dn lbrf rnfjhzfdfs vfréfa plr jl `ufj jfs `fathdfdns `fathdfdns `fibhfa y ofy qun rnfjhzfr uaf `lthzf`hða hadhvhdufj plr shthl.
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2.2 Dnsfrrljjl dn jf Havnsthef`hða dn jls ]rlyn`tls dn Lbrf @hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd (dnsdn nj 20 gnbrnrl fj 20 ifyl 2=6>). ]frf dnsfrrljjfr nstf fsheaf`hða sn uthjhzð jf ¨ Jf Intldljleéf Dn jf Havnsthef`hða ¨ dladn sn hipjninatð jfs dhgnrnatns ntfpfs dn nstf intldljleéf, plr `unsthða dn nspf`hl sn suprhihð nj ifr`l tnðrh`l qun ns jf `ufj als shrvhð dn bfsn y euéf dn jf havnsthef`hða.
2.0 Dnghah`hða dnj ]jfatnfihnatl dnj ]rlbjnif dn jf havnsthef`hða.
]jfatnfihnatl dnj prlbjnif.
]rlbjnif dn jf havnsthef`hða.
¼@uæjns sla jls jls in`fahsils dn inclrf, qun sn pundna fpjh`fr pfrf dhsihauhr l njhihafr njhihafr jls gf`tlrns qun l`fshlafa qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd al sn ncn`utna na nj thnipl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT<
2.4 Dnghah`hða dn Lbcnthvl Enanrfj y Nspn`égh`ls dn jf Havnsthef`hða
Lbcnthvl enanrfj. Dntnrihafr jls in`fahsils in`fahsils dn inclrf qun sn pundna fpjh`fr pfrf dhsihauhr jls gf`tlrns qun l`fshlafa qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd al sn ncn`utna na nj thnipl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT<
Lbcnthvl Lbcnthvlss
Nspn`égh`ls.
Dntnrihafr nj thnipl nstæadfr, fpjh`fadl nstudhl dn thnipls f jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd qun sn ncn`utfa dnatrl dn jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT.
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Hdnathgh`fr jls gf`tlrns iæs rnjnvfatns qun l`fshlafa qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd al sn ncn`utna na nj thnipl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT.
Hipjninatfr in`fahsils dn inclrf inclrf qun fyudna f njhih njhihafr afr l dhsihauhr jls gf`tlrns qun l`fshlafa qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd al sn ncn`utna na nj thnipl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT<
2.> Dnghah`hða dn jf Custhgh`f`hða, Whfbhjhdfd dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Custhgh`f`hða dn jf havnsthef`hða.
ER^]L @FJNT @FJNT (@lastru`tlrf, Fsns Fsnslréf, lréf, Jleésth`f n Haenahnréf Haenahnréf na Tnjn`liuah`f`hlans) ns uaf niprnsf dndh`fdf f brhadfr snrvh`h snrvh`hls ls dn ifatnahihnatls, `lastru``hða dn lbrfs `hvhjns `hvhjns inalrns pfrf hastfjf`hða dn nquhpls aunvls n hastfjf`hða dn nquhpls pfrf jfs niprnsfs dn tnjn`liuah`f`hlans dnj pfés pfés y ltrfs `lipföéfs. ]lsnn uaf fi fipjhf pjhf `lbnrturf qun `ubrn ifylrinatn jfs `hudfdns dn Tneu`hefjpf, Pfa ]ndrl sujf y Jf @nhbf. Na jf f`tufjhdfd, fj heufj qun jf ifylréf dn jfs niprnsfs dn èstf éadljn sn na`unatrf finafzfdf dn uaf shihjhtud dn gf`tlrns qun fgn`tfa su `lipnththvhdfd, ngh`hna`hf y ngh`f`hf na jls snrvh`hls qun brhadf jf niprnsf. Nstf havnsthef`hða sn rnfjhzfrf `la jf ghafjhdfd dn hipjninatfr in`fahsils qun pnrihtfa njhihafr l rndu`hr rndu`hr jls gf`tlrns iæs rnjnvfatns qun l`fshlafa rntrfsls na jjls ls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd Ghnjd y f jjff vnz nvhtfr jfs pnafjhzf`hlans n`laðih`fs sh nj i ilthvl lthvl dnj rntrfsl al sn pundn custhgh`fr fatn nj `jhnatn dnj snrvh`hl y `lstls haan`nsfrhls. Nj dnsfrrljjl dn jf havnsthef`hða dn nstf ærnf dn snrvh`hl ns dn erfa hiplrtfa`hf, pfrf qun sn pundfa dntn`tfr jls gf`tlrns qun fgn`tfa jf prldu`thvhdfd dn jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT, dn heufj glrif jf ihsif ihsif tfibhèa snrvhræ dn bfsn y `latrhbuhræ f gf`hjhtfr gf`hjhtfr nj nstudhl dn jfs ltrfs ærnfs dn 6?
snrvh`hls dn jf niprnsf y inclrfr jf pjfanf`hða y ncn`u`hða dn prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd. Dnsdn nj puatl dn vhstf qun nj prnsnatn nstudhl thnan thnan jf ghafjhdfd dn inclrfr nstf ærnf dn jf niprnsf y na jf `ufj al sn `unatf `la uaf bfsn dn nstudhl, sn custhgh`f jf rnfjhzf`hða pfrf tnanr ua buna dnsnipnöl dn `uipjhihnatl fatn nj `jhnatn sljh`htfatn dnj snrvh`hl y nvhtfr nj ha`rninatl dn jls `lstls dn jf niprnsf.
Whfbhjhdfd dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Jf havnsthef`hða ns vhfbjn yf qun al rnprnsnatf ahaeóa prlbjnif na `ufatl f su rnfjhzf`hða y nj juefr dladn sn na`unatrf jf jf niprnsf, dladn sn ngn`tufrfa jfs jfs f`thvhdfdns ns f``nshbjn y jls rnqunrhihnatls pfrf nj dnsfrrljjl dn jf havnsthef`hða snræa ghafa`hfdls plr jls ncn`utlrns. Pn thnana prnsnatn jls sheuhnatns puatls, pfrf su ncn`u`hða3
Rn`ursl n`laðih`l3 Pn `unatf `la `la nj rnspfjdl n`laðih`l pfrf jf rnprldu``hða dn dl`uinatls, fjhinatf`hða y ltrls rnqunrhihnatls durfatn nj prl`nsl dn havnsthef`hða.
Rn`ursl ouifal3 Pn `unatf `la jf dhsplsh`hða tltfj dn jf niprnsf. Tnahnadl f dhsplsh`hða jf fyudf dnj pnrslafj an`nsfrhl pfrf rnfjhzf`hða dnj nstudhl y fplyl dn prf`th`fatns.
Iftnrhfjns3 Pn `unatf `la ifaufjns y jhbrls qun als fyudfrfa f rn`fbfr jf haglrif`hða
an`nsfrhf, fsé `lil `la jf fsnslréf n haglrif`hða brhadfdf plr cngns dn dnpfrtfinatls, supnrvhslrns, lpnrfdlrns.
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2.7 Dnghah`hða dn jfs Ohpðtnshs dn jf havnsthef`hða.
6. Nj dnslrdna y gfjtf dn `latrlj dn stl`k rntrfsfa jf natrnef dn iftnrhfjns (Tubnréfs, y tldls jls jls f``nslrhls) na jf bldnef jl `ufj, sh l`fshlaf qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd sn dnilrna uafs olrfs iæs dn jl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT dn Pfa ]ndrl Pujf.
2. Jf natrnef dn frnaf, erfvf, `ninatl y ohnrrl iftnrhfjns pfrf jf jlsf dn `la`rntl, sh l`fshlaf qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `h `hvhj vhj thpl thpl Ernna Ghnjd sn rntrfsna uafs uafs olrfs iæs dn jl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT dn Pfa ]ndrl Pujf.
0. Jf fusna`hf dn pnrslafj na uaf `ufdrhjjf dn trfbfcl, sh l`fshlaf qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd sn rntrfsna rntr fsna uafs olrfs iæs dn jl nstfbjn`hdl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT dn Pfa ]ndrl Pujf.
2=
2.5 Dnghah Dnghah`hða `hða Intldljleéf dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Naglqun dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Jf havnsthef`hða sheun ua naglqun `ufathtfthvl. Nj naglqun `ufathtfthvl usf jf rn`ljn``hða dn dftls pfrf prlbfr ohpðtnshs, `la bfsn na jf indh`hða auièrh`f y nj faæjhshs nstfdésth`l, pfrf nstfbjn`nr pftrlans dn `liplrtfihnatl y prlbfr tnlréfs..
Fj`fa`n y dhsnöl dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Jf havnsthef`hla tnadrf ua fj`fa`n dns`rhpthvl y nxpjh`fthvl. Nj fj`fa`n Dns`rhpthvl3 Dns`rhpthvl3 Xf qun nstn fj fj`fa`n `fa`n als pnrihtn nspn`hgh`fr prlphndfdns, `frf`tnrésth`fs y rfsels hiplrtfatns dnj prlbjnif qun sn fafjhzf. Dns`rhbn tnadna`hfs dnj ihsil. Nj fj`fa`n nxpjh`fthvl3 Xf qun nstn fj`fa`n als pnrihtn nstfbjn`nr jfs `fusfs qun lrhehafa nj prlbjnif fafjhzfdl y `lal`hnadl jfs ihsifs dfr slju`hlans fj prlbjnif. Nstn nstudhl sn guadfinatf na ua dhsnöl al nxpnrhinatfj, na gua`hða dn jf rnjf`hða `fusf-ngn`tl, lbsnrvæadlsn nj gnaðinal l prlbjnif na su fibhnatn afturfj. Ghe. 2 Dhferfif dn Hsohkfwf.
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2.? Dnghah`hða Dnghah`hða dnj ]rl`ndhihnatl dn jf havnsthef`hða havnsthef`hða.. Na rnuahða `la nj Hae. Wjfdhihr Iftutn enrnatn ddnn Lpnrf`hlans, sn fafjhzf qun `la grn`una`hf sn prnsnatfbf nstf shtuf`hða plr jl jl `ufj sljh`h sljh`htf tf qun sn dnsfrrljjfrn jf havnsthef`h havnsthef`hða ða na jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd, yf qun jls ihsils sn prnsnatfa `hnrtls rntrfsls r ntrfsls na jf ncn`u`hða y ghafjhzf`hða. Xf `la nstf sljh`htud sljh`htud sn prl`ndhð f lbsnrvfr y fafjh fafjhzfr, zfr, pfrf pldnr glrifrsn uaf bfsn na qun `lashstéfa jls prlyn`tls dn nstn thpl y pldnr tnanr hdnfs pfrf pldnr glriujfr ua pjfatnfihnatl dnj prlbjnif dn jf havnsthef`hða. ^af vnz qun sn dnghahð jf hdnf, sn rndf`tð dn glrif `la`rntf y gun njfblrfdl nj pjfatnfihnatl dnj prlbjnif. Nstl shrvhð dn erfa fplrtn, fplrtn , nj fplyl brhadfdl plr nj pnrslafj dn `fipl y fdihahstrfthvl na jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT.
Junel sn pjfatnf pjfatnf nj sheuhnatn pr prl`nsl l`nsl dn havnsthef`hða3 havnsthef`hða3 6. Xf qun al sn `latfbf `la ua nstudhl dn thnipl dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd, sn prl`ndéf f hdnathgh`fr hdnathgh`fr jfs lpnrf`hlans l f`thvh f`thvhdfdns dfdns qun rnfjhzfbfa jls nipjnfdls pfrf ncn`utfr jls ihsils. X lbtnanrsn nj thnipl nstæadfr na nj `ufj sn `uipjhnrf `la jfs `ladh`hlans bæsh`fs pfrf ncn`utfr dh`ols prlyn`tls y qun als shrvhnrf dn bfsn pfrf jf indh`hða dnj prlbjnif. 2. Xf `la nj Thnipl nstæadfr pfrf ncn`utfr jls prlyn`tls, rnfjhzfr jfs lbsnrvf`hlans dhrn`tfinatn dnj gnaðinal na su fibhnatn afturfj. 0. Rn`ljn``hða dn jls dftls. 4. ^af vnz lrefahzfdls jls dftls rn`ljn`tfdls dn jfs lbsnrvf`hlans dn jls prlyn`tls sn prl`ndéf fj faæjhshs y prl`nsfihnatls dn jf haglrif`hða uthjhzfadl `lil onrrfihnatf onrrf ihnatf Ih`rlslgt Nx`nj. >. ^af vnz hatnrprntfdls jls rnsujtfdls dn jls dftls lbtnahdls, sn prl`ndéf f rndf`tfr jfs `la`jushlans dnj nstudhl na bfsn f jfs ohpðtnshs qun sn pjfatnfrla y qun als jjnvð f `nrrfr jf havnsthef`hða `la rnspunstfs sfthsgf`tlrhfs.
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2.8 Dnghah`hla dn jf Pnjn``hða y @fj`ujl dn jf iunstrf dn jf havnsthef`hla.
@æj`ujl dn jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf dn jf havnsthef`hða.
]frf nj `æj`ujl dn jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf dn jjff havnsthef`hða jf niprnsf gf`hjhtð dn su su bfsn dn rnehstrl jls trfbfcls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd qun sn oofa fa rnfjhzfdl durfatn jls insns dn l`tubrn/2=64 qun hah`hfrla nstls prlyn`tls ofstf ifyl/2=6>.
Tfbjf H. Dftf dn jls prlyn`tls rnfjhzfdls.
PHTHLP RNFJHSFDLP L@ INP/2=64-2=6>
ERNNAGHNJD
L@T^BRN
>
ALWHNIBRN
65
DH@HNIBRN
26
NANRL
5
GNBRNRL
2>
IFRSL
0=
FBRHJ
27
IFXL
25
TLTF J
6 >?
]frf pldnr tlifr uaf iunstrf iæs prn`hsf y væjhdf pfrf jf havnsthef`hða sn dns`frtfa nj ins dn l`tubrn plrqun jls trfbfcls sn hah`hfrla na jf ójthif snifaf dn nstn ins y nj ins dn nanrl qun plr ilthvls dn vf`f`hlans plr pfrtn dnj `jhnatn, jls prlyn`tls sn rnhah`hfrla f ghafjns dn nstn ins.
20
Tfbjf HH. Dns`frtn dn jls Insns inals prldu`thvls PHTHLP RNFJHSFDLP RNFJHSFDLP INP/2=64-2=6>
L@ ERNNAGHNJD
A LW HNIBRN
65
DH@HNIBRN
26
GNBRNRL
2>
IF RSL
0=
F BRHJ
27
IF XL
25
TLTFJ
64 7
]frf of`nrjf tldfvéf iæs prn`hsf y væjhdf jf i iunstrf unstrf sn rnfjhzð uaf hhagnrna`hf agnrna`hf f ua föl pfrf `fj`ujfr jf plbjf`hða tltfj. ]lbjf`hða tltfj 9647*2 9 282 prlyn`tls/föl. Xf `la jf plbjf`hða ghahtf dn 282 prlyn`tls rnfjhzfdls na ua föl, sn prl`ndhð f uthjhzfr uaf if`rl pfrf dntnrihafr jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf dn jf havnsthef`hða qun iæs sn fdfptn fj thnipl dhsplahbjn `la qun `latfils pfrf rnfjhzfr jf rn`ljn``hða dn dftls.
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Pn dnghahð jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf bfsfdf na jls sheuhnatns dftls3 A9282 prlyn`tls/föl, ]9=.8, Ahvnj dn `laghfazf fj 8>%96.87 y nrrlr nrrl r iæxhi iæxhill d96=%, dfadl `lil rnsujtfdl3 Iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf a9 06 ]rlyn`tls pfrf rnfjhzfr jf havnsthef`hða.
2.6= Dnghah`hða Rn`ljn``hða dn jls dftls dn jf havnsthef`hða.
Thnipl nstæadfr dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd.
Xf qun al sn `latfbf `la ua thnipl nstæadfr dnghahdl pfrf nstn thpl dn prlyn`tls, sn `lihnazf `la jf dnghah`hða dnghah`hða dnj ihsil. ]frf fj`fazfr nstn lbcnthvl sn fpjh`f fpjh`f jfs tè`ah`fs pfrf na`latrfr nstn thnipl nstæadfr.
Pn lbsnrvfrla jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `h `hvhj vhj thpl Ernna Gh Ghnjd, njd, jls `ufjns sn nstfbjn`hð qun thnana 28 lpnrf`hlans jfs `ufjns sn prl`ndhnrla prl`nd hnrla f indhr uaf iunstrf dn dhnz shthls pfrf `fj`ujfr ua thnipl prlindhl, `la nj `ufj y uthjhzfadl jls iètldls `lal`hdls pfrf `fj`ujfr nj thnipl t hnipl nstæadfr pfrf dntnrihafrsn plr lpnrf`hlans y nj ejlbfj dnj prlyn`tl.
@la nj thnipl thnipl nstæadfr dnghahdl sn hipjninatf nj dhferfif dhferfif dn lpnrf`hlans dn prl`nsl dn jls prlyn`tls `hvhjns thpl Ernna Ghnjd. X `la nj n j thni thnipl pl nstæadfr plr llpnrf`hlans pnrf`hlans sn usfrf dn bfsn pfrf indhr jls prlyn`tls qun sn dntnrihan `lil iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf.
2>
2.66 Dnghah`hða Dnghah`hða dn jf Indh`hða Indh`hða prlindhl plr plr lpnrf`hða. Tfbjf HHH. Thnipls prlindhl
27
2.62 Dnghah`hða dnj @æj`ujl dnj thnipl alrifj plr lpnrf`hða.
Tfbjf HW. Thnipls Alrifjns
25
2.60 Dnghah`hða dnj @æj`ujl dnj thnipl `la`ndhdl plr njninatl y thnipl nstæadfr.
Tfbjf W. Thnipl `la`ndhdl y Thnipl Nstæadfr
2?
2.64 Dnghah`hða Dhferfif dn lpnrf`hlans dn prl`nsl prlyn`tls Thpl Ernna Ghnjd.
28
2.6> Dnghah`hða Rn`ljn``hða dn jls dftls dn d n jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf. Tfbjf WH Dftls rn`lj rn`ljn`tfdls n`tfdls dn jjff iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf.
0=
06
02
2.67 Faæjhshs n hatnrprntf`hða dn jls rnsujtfdls.
Rnsuina dn rnsujtfdls na`latrfdls na jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf.
Durfatn nj prl`nsl dn jf tlif dn dftls dn jf iunstrf rnprnsnatfthvf sn dntnrihafrla jls gf`tlrns iæs rnjnvfatns qun l`fshlafa qun jjls ls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj sn rntrfsna uafs olrfs iæs dnj thnipl dntnrihafdl, jls `ufjns sn dntfjjfa f `lathauf`hða3 6. Dnilrf na jf natrnef dn Iftnrhfjns (frnaf, erfvf, `ninatl y ohnrrl) pfrf jf jlsf na nj shthl3 Nj thnipl na jf `liprf dn nstls rnqunrhihnatls fgn`tfa y su natrnef na jls shthls rntrfsfa jls prlyn`tls, jl `ufj l`fshlafa qun sn ha`urrfa na olrfs nxtrfs pfrf nvhtfr jf pnafjhzf`hða plr ha`uipjhihnatls dn ghafjhzf`hða dn jls prlyn`tls. prl yn`tls. 2. Dnilrf na jf natrnef dn iftnrhfjns (tubnréfs HI@, NIT, ]W@, B_, `lan`tlrns y f``nslrhls) na jf bldnef3 Nj dnslrdna y dns`latrlj dnj stl`k dn nstls iftnrhfjns l`fshlafa qun jf natrnef dn jls ihsils sn ha`urrf na iæs thnipl dnj nstfbjn`hdl. 0. Jfs Fusna`hfs dnj pnrslafj3 Nstn ns ua gf`tlr qun l`urrn plr gf`tlrns dn sfjud y ltrls plr dn`hshða dnj nipjnfdl sha custhgh`f`hða fjeuaf, plr jl `ufj rnquhnrn dn indhdfs dhs`hpjhafrhfs pfrf qun al sn vunjvf rn`urrnatn, fuaqun `ufadl l`urrn sn susthtuyn fj fusnatn plr ltrf pnrslaf, nstf pnrslaf al thnan nj `lal`hihnatl l ofbhjhdfdns dnj fusnatn plr jl `ufj sn enanrfa ftrfsls ftr fsls na tldfs jfs f`thvhdfdns dladn pfrth`hpf.
4. Natrfdf fj shthl3 Ofy rntrfsls, yf qun fatns dn f``nsfr fj shthl sn thnan qun rnplrtfr nj haernsl véf tnjèglal y lbtnanr nj vhstl bunal dnj pnrslafj dn na`frefdl dn jf sneurhdfd dn jls shthls, nstn ns ua gf`tlr qun al sn pundn `latrljfr yf dnpnadn dn sneuadfs pnrslafs. >. Onrrfihnatfs dföfdf3 Dnbhdl fj usl `lathaul dn jfs onrrfihnatfs jfs ihsifs fj `uipjhr su thnipl dn vhdf óthj sn dntnrhlrfa y sn dföfa plr jl `ufj sh l`urrn dur durfatn fatn na prl`nsl ns an`nsfrhl rnipjfzfrjf jl iæs prlatl plshbjn.
00
7. Rnbnjdéf dnj pnrslafj3 Pn dhl ua `fsl, na nj `ufj nj pnrslafj dn ua erupl al qunréf `lathaufr plrqun jls ftrfsls na jf natrnef dn iftnrhfjns l`fshlafréf sfjhr tfrdn, plr jl `ufj sn sljh`htð dn su fplyl pfrf ghafjhzfr.
Tfbjf WHH. Gf`tlrns na`latrfdls na nj iunstrnl iunstrnl HTNI
GF@TLR
2 0 4
Dnilrf dn natrnef dn iftnrhfjns pfrf Jlsf dn na shthl Dnilrf dn natrnef dn iftnrhfjns na jf bldnef Fusna`hf Fusna `hf dn pnr pnrslafj slafj Natrfdf fj Phthl
7>
Onnbrrnfji R dhhfnadtnfj D pnfrösfldaffjna ]rl`nsl
6
TLTFJNP
GRN@ ^NA@ HF
]LR@NATFCN %
62
0?.56
8 4 0
28.=0 62.8= 8.7?
62
07..240>
06
6==
2.65 Onrrfihnatf dhferfif dn pfrntl dn jls gf`tlrns na`latrfdls. Pn uthjhzf nstf onrrfihnatf pfrf dntnrihafr jf rnjnvfa`hf dn jls gf`tlrns qun hagjuyna na jls rntrfsls na jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj `hvhj,, `la jl `ufj sn pldrf dntnrihafr sh jfs ohpltnshs sla vnrhdh`fz.
04
Dhferfif dn pfrntl dn jls gf`tlrns na`latrfdls. n a`latrfdls.
2.6? Hatnrprntf`hla dn jls rnsujtfdl rns ujtfdls. s. @la bfsn na jls rnsujtfdls lbtnahdls na nj prnsnatn nstudhl, als rnvnjf qun ofy gf`tlrns qun hagjuyna na qun jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj sn rntrf`na na uafs olrfs na su ghafjhzf`hla. @la bfsn na nj dhferfif dn pfrntl, plr jl tfatl sn fprunbfa jfs trns ohpltnshs pjfatnfs Jf # 6 `la ua 0?.56% dn ha`hdna`hf, Jf # 2 `la ua 28.=0 % dn ha`hdna`hf, Jf # 0 `la ua 62.8= % dn ha`hdna`hf.
0>
2.68 Dnsfrrljjfr f`thvhdfdns na jf rnfjhzf`hða dn prnsupunstls p rnsupunstls y `lthzf`hða dn jls prlyn`tl dn lbrf `hvhj na Erupl @FJNT. (24 ifyl fj 0 cuahl dnj 2=6>).
Durfatn nstn pnrhldl sn fsheað dnsfrrljjfr jfs sheuhnatns f`thvhdfdns3 Fplyfr fj Dnptl. f `frel dn jf rnfjhzf`hða dn prnsupunstls dn prlyn`tls.
Rnfjhzfr `lthzf`hlans dn prlyn`tls ghafjhzfdls y prlyn`tls f Jh`htfrsn.
@latrljfr qun jfs @lthzf`hlans sn rnfjh`na gjuhdfinatn.
Nj prha`hpfj Lbcnthvl dn jf fsheaf`hða dn nstfs gua`hlans nrf rndu`hr jf `fathdfdns dn `lthzf`hlans pnadhnatns plr natrnefr fj `jhnatn y dfrjn ua ifylr gjucl f jls `lbrls dn jls ihsils. Pn Hipjninatfrla `latrljns pfrf qun jf natrnef dn jls rnplrtns an`nsfrhls pfrf rnfjhzf`hða dn jf `lthzf`hlans sn ngn`tufrfa na thnipl y glrif. Na `lacuatl `la nj na`frefdl dnj ærnf, sn hipjninatð hipjninatð uaf bfsn dn Nx`nj qun vha`ujfdf `la nj glriftl dn `lthzf`hlans pnrihthnrf nj frrfstrn dn jfs f`thvhdfdns y sus prn`hls. Na vhstf qun na nstf ærnf sn ifancf nj `lstl dn jls prlyn`tls y prn`hl dn jfs f`thvhdfdns y aóinrls qun shrvna dn bfsn. ]lr sljh`htud dn jf Niprnsf Erupl @FJNT al sn pnrihthð tlifr haglrif`hða y gltls dn jfs f`thvhdfdns qun sn rnfjhzfrla.
07
@fpétujl HHH. Fplrtf`hlanss Hipjnina Fplrtf`hlan Hipjninatfdfs tfdfs slbrn jls `lal`hihnatls fdquhrhdls na jf `frrnrf.
05
0.6 In`fahsils dn inclrf f hipjninatfr.
Ltrls rnsujtfdls lbtnahdls dnj iunstrnl.
Fafjhzfadlsn jls dftls rn`ljn`tfdls dn jf iunstrf sn lbtuvl `lil rnsujtfdl qun dn jls 06 prlyn`tls nstudhfdls, 62 shthls s hthls al `uipjhnrla nj thni thnipl pl nstfadfr plr jls dhgnrnatns gf`tlrns na`latrfdls dfadl `lil rnsujtfdl nj sheuhnatn3 Tfbjf WHHH. ]lr`natfcn dn ha`uipjhihnatl dnj thnipl nstfadfr
Tltfj Iunstrf
Tltfj Gunrf Ptd.
% Gunrf Ptd.
06
62
0?.56
0.2 @lstl dn olrfs olrfs nxtrfs qun l`fshlafa nstls gf`tlrns gf`tlrns na`latrfdls. ]frf dntnrihafr nstn `lstl sn sljh`htl nj fplyl fj DDOO pfrf qun als gf`hjhtfrf nj vfjlr dn jf olrf nxtrf dn jf `ufdrhjjf `lipunstf dn 4 pnrslafs na `ufj thnan ua `lstl dn 2==.== Jps plr `ufdrhjjf y nj `lstl plr fjhinatf`hla fjhinatf`hla (`naf) ns dn 24=.== Jps plr `ufdrhjjf y `la jls dftls lbtnahdls dnj iunstrnl prl`ndnils fj `fj`ujl dn nstn `lstl. @la Jls 62 shthls qun al `uipjhnrla `la nj thnipl nstfadfr nstfbjn`hdl sn rnfjhzl nj `fj`ujl dnj thnipl na olrfs tltfj qun dnilrfrla jls prlyn`tls na nstn iunstrnl.
0?
Tfbjf H_. @lstl qun l`fshlafa nstls gf`tlrns
Iunstrfs 6 2 0 4 > 7 5 ? 8 6= 66 62
Thnipl Iunstrfs Gunrf PTD
Thnipl PTD ?58.54 8>>.7= ?58.54 6==6.56 ?58.54 85?.>= ?58.54 8>7.28 ?58.54 806.87 ?58.54 6=07.?? ?58.54 85>.>7 ?58.54 872.06 ?58.54 6=64.?? ?58.54 85>.08 ?58.54 6=02.>7 ?58.54 805.=6 Tltfj Thnipl Gunrf (Iha)
Pubtltfj Thnipl Gunrf (Iha) 5>.?7 626.85 8?.57 57.>> >2.22 6>5.64 8>.?2 ?2.>5 60>.64 8>.7> 6>2.?2 >5.25 62=6.55
Tltfj Thnip Thnipl l Gunrf (Olrf (Olrfs) s)
2=.=0
@lstl Olrf nxtrf @ufdrhjjf
J. 2==.==
@lstl Tltfj `ufdrhjjf
J. 4,==>.8=
@lstl Fjhinatf`hla @ufdrhjjf dhfs Tltfj dn dh fs dn Fjh Fjhina inatf`hla tf`hla
J. 24=.== 62.==
@lstl Tltfj Fjhina Fjhinatf tf`hla `hla
J. 2,??=.==
@lstl Tltfj dnj Iu Iunstrnl nstrnl
J. 7,??>.8=
0.0 Hipjninatf`hla dn jf Onrrfihnatf >‘s pfrf Rndu`hr nj dnslrdna y gfjtf dn Ptl`ks na jf bldnef.
@fpf`htf`hða @fpf`htf`h ða dnj pnrslafj na jf fpjh`f`hða dn jfs >‘s .
Pn rnfjhzf ua `ursl dn hatrldu``hða y `fpf`htf`hða dn jf intldljleéf dn > ‘s, pfrf rndu`hr nj dnslrdna y dns`latrlj dn dnj stl`k dn iftnrhfjns dn jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd, nj `ursl pnrihthræ f jfs pnrslafs dn nstf ærnf `lal`nr f`nr`f dn jls bnangh`hls y bfrrnrfs na jf fpjh`f`hða dn jf intldljleéf. Jf `fpf`htf`hða sn hipfrthð na jf sfjf dn `lagnrna`hfs dn jf niprnsf, nstuvl dhrhehdf prha`hpfjinatn fj cngn dn bldnef y sus trns tr ns fshstnatn, tfibhèa pfrth`hpfrla jls erupls dn `fipl qun al tnaéfa fsheaf`hða, tuvl uaf durf`hða dn 4 oolrfs, lrfs, hipfrthdf nj déf sæbfdl.
08
Ghe. 0 Gltl dn jf `fpf`htf`hða
0.4 Jf bldnef fatns dn jf jf hipjninatf`hla dn jfs >‘s.
Iftnrhfjns dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf
Iftnrhfjns dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf
bldnef
bldnef
4=
Tubnréf Bx dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf F``nslrhls dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf bldnef
bldnef
Iftnrhfjns dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf
F``nslrhls dnslrdnafdls y sha ubh`f`hða na jf
bldnef
bldnef 46
0.> Jf bldnef bldnef dnspuns dn jf hipjninatf`hla hipjninatf`hla dn jfs >‘s.
Pn lrdnað y sn ubh`ð nj `fbjn njè`trh`l na ua
Pn `jfshgh`l, lrdnal jf tubnréf Intæjh`f y
sljl nstfatn n hdnathgh`fdl
]W@ tfatl dnatrl dn jjff bldnef, `lil jf jf qun nstæ na nj prndhl dn jf lgh`haf
Pn lrdnað, `jfshgh`l jls f``nslrhls y sn
@la iftnrhfj slbrfatn sn rnfjhzð ua nstfatn
`ljl`frla na uaf ubh`f`hða nspn`égh`f y
pfrf lrdnafr y `jfshgh`fr jls f``nslrhls n
hdnathgh`fdls
hdnathgh`frjls 42
Pn lrdnað, `jfshgh`l jls f``nslrhls y sn
Pn lrdnað, `jfshgh`l jls f``nslrhls y sn
`ljl`frla na uaf ubh`f`hða nspn`égh`f n
`ljl`frla na uaf ubh`f`hða nspn`égh`f n
hdnathgh`fdls
hdnathgh`fdls
0.7 In`fahsil In`fahsil pfrf rndu`hr l njhihafr njhihafr jf gfjtf dn stl`k dn iftnrhfjns iftnrhfjns rnqunrhdls. rnqunrhdls. Jf hipjninatf`hla dn jf onrrfihnatf >‘s fplrtl na tnanr uaf inclr vhsufjhzf`hla dn jls
iftnrhfjns na nxhstna`hf nxhstna`hf yf qun nj lrdna y `jfshgh`f`hla fyudl f i inclrfr nclrfr nj `latrlj dn na iftnrhfjns. ]frf njhihafr jfs dnilrfs plr gfjtf dn havnatfrhls dn jfs tubnréf y dnifs f``nslr f``nslrhls hls hipjninatfils sf`fr nj prlindhl dnj thpl dn iftnrhfj qun sn uthjhzfa plr prlyn`tl, dn jf bfsn dn `latrlj dn 6= prlyn`tls rnfjhzfdls y prlplr`hlafdl plr jf niprnsf Erupl @FJNT tlifils nstls dftls pfrf `fj`ujfr nstn prlindhl dn iftnrhfjns. Jl `ufj pnrihthrf rnfjhzfr ua `fj`ujl ifs prn`hsl dn jls iftnrhfjns qun sn rnquhnrna ifatnanr na nxhstna`hf pfrf nvhtfr nj dnsfbfstn`hihnatl.
40
Tfbjf _. ]rlindhl dn jls iftnrhfjns rnqunrhdls plr prlyn`tls.
44
@la jf hipjnatf`hla dn nstls in`fahsil sn jlerl njhihafr jfs dnilrfs na jf natrnef, inclrfadl nj thnipl nstfadfr dn natrnef dn iftnrhfjns na jf bldnef dn >>.42 ihautls plr shthl, pfsfadl f 47.0> ihautls, jl `ufj plr fyudfrf f rndu`hr l njhihafr njhihafr nj `lstl dn olrfs nxtrfs l`fsh l`fshlafdl lafdl plr nstls gf`tlrns.
Tfbjf _H. Thnipl nstfadfr dn jjff Lpnr # 5, dnspuns dn jf inclrf inclrf WNRNGH@F@HLA WNRNGH@F@ HLA DNJ THNI]L PTD DNP]^NP DN JF INCLRF INDH@HLA
6
2
0
4
Tltfj (iha.)
Lpnr. # 5
>6.>>
>6.45
>6.48
>6.>=
2=7.=6
]rlindhl Wfjlr (iha.) Ftrhbuhdl Ftrhbuhdl >6.>=
8=
Wfjlr Thnipl Nstfadfr Ptd (iha.) 6==
47.0>
Erfgh`l dn `lipfrf`hla dnj thnipl nstfadfr lpnrf`hða # 5
4>
0.5 In`fahsils In`fahsils / rndu`hr l njhihafr jf dnilrf na jf jf natrnef dn iftnrhfjns (erfvf, frnaf, `ninatl y ohnrrl) pfrf jf jlsf dn `la`rntl. Na vhstf qun nstn ns nj gf`tlr qun ifs rn`urrnatn qun prlvl`f dnilrfs na jf ghafjhzf`hla dn jls prlyn`tls. Pn lbsnrvf nj prl`nsl prl `nsl dn `liprf dn nstls iftnrhfjns na`latrfadl qun uafs dn jfs `fusfs prha`hpfjns ns jf dhsplahbhjhdfd dn ngn`thvl pfrf rnfjhzfr jfs `liprfs dn jf frnaf y erfvf. Xf qun nj `ninatl y ohnrrl sn rnfjhzf jf `liprf fj `rndhtl `rnd htl na jf gnrrntnrhf dladn jns br brhadfa hadfa nstn Pnrvh`hl. Na nj frnf dn `liprfs dn Erupl @FJNT thnana jf fsheaf`hla prnsupunstfdf, pfrf `fcf `oh`f dn `hnrtf `fathdfd dn dhanrl, jf `ufj sn vn supnrfdf yf qun `la njjl sn `ubrn efstl dn `libusthbjns, `liprfs y ltrls efstls. ^af vnz feltfdl nstf fsheaf`hla sn prl`ndn f ensthlafr jf enanrf`hla dn `onqun pfrf lbtnanr ngn`thvl, jf ghrif y ltrls gf`tlrns qun rntrfsf jf fdquhsh`hla dn nstls iftnrhfjns. Lbsnrvfadlsn qun jf `liprf dn jf frnaf y erfvf jf `ufj sn rnfjhzf dhrn`tfinatn fj prlvnndlr y plr sf`ls, nstl enanrf qun nj usl dnj ngn`thvl snf `lastfatn. Pn rnfjhzl jf sheuhnatn rn`linadf`hða pfrf folrrfr rn`ursls n`lalih`ls bfsfadlsn na nstf ``lipfrf`hla lipfrf`hla dn `lstls. ^thjhzfadlsn jf ifanrf f`tufj dn fdquhrhr jf frnaf y erfvf, plr sf`ls dhrn`tfinatn fj prlvnndlr y of`hnadl nj `fj`ujl pfrf 6= shthls sn lbthnan nj she. @lstl3
Tfbjf _HH. @lstl dn frnaf y erfvf fdquhrhnadljf dhrn`tfinatn fj prlvnndlr.
Htni
Iftnrhfjns
^ahdfd
6 2
Frnaf Erfvf
sf`l sf`l
Iftnrhfj @lstl Rnqunrhdl ^ds./ ]/Jlsf sf`l Jps. 0= 6?
4=.== 4=.==
Pubtltfj Jps. J. 6,2==.== J. 52=.==
Tltfj dnj @lstl @ls tl na iftnrhfj iftnrhfj Jlsf Jls f / 6= shthls s hthls
]rlyn`tl / shthls 6=.== 6=.==
Pubtltfj Jps. J. 62,===.== J. 5,2==.==
J. 68,2==.==
47
Rnfjhzfadlsn jf `liprf plr vljquntf l > intrls `ubh`ls, sn lbthnan ua prlindhl fprlxhifdl dn iftnrhfj pfrf 0.> shthls.
Tfbjf _HHH. @lstl dn frnaf y erfvf fdquhrhnadljf plr vljquntfdf l i0
Htni
^ahdfd / Ift ftnr nrhf hfjjns vljquntf
6 2
Frnaf Erfvf
]rlindhl dn shthls plr vljquntf
]rlyn`tl / shthls
0.> 0
6= 6=
i0 i0
Wljquntfs @lstl rnqunrhdfs iftnrhfj plr ]rlindhl vljquntf 0.== 0.>=
Pubtltfj Jps.
J. 6 6,,6==.==
J. 0 0,,0==.==
J. 6 6,,8==.==
J. 7 7,,7>=.==
Tltfj dnj @lstl @ls tl na iftnrh iftnrhfj fj Jlsf / 6= shth shthls ls
J. 8,8>=.==
Jf `liprf dn nstls iftnrhfjns frnaf y erfvf plr i0 l vljquntfdf enanrfrf uaf rndu``hla fj `lstl dnj 4?% na `lipfrf`hla fj rnfjhzfr jf `liprf dhrn`tfinatn fj prlvnndlr plr sf`ls. Lbtnahnadl uaf rndu``hla dnj thnipl nstfadfr nj `ufj nrf dn 8=.55 ihautls y fj hipjninatfr jf inclrf ns dn ?=.?8 ihautls.
Tfbjf _HW. Thnipl nstfadfr dn jjff Lpnr #64, dnspuns dn jf inclrf. inclrf.
WNRNGH@F@HLA DNJ THNI]L PTD DNP]^NP DN JF INCLRF INDH@HLA
6
2
0
4
Lpnr. # 64
?8.5>
?8.??
?8.82
?8.8>
Tltfj (iha.) 0>8.>=
]rlindhl Wfjlr Wfjlr Ptd Thnipl (iha.) Ftrhbuhdl Nstfadfr (iha.) ?8.?? 8= 6== ?=.?8
45
Erfgh`l dn `lipfrf`hla dnj thnipl Ptd dn jf lpnrf`hða # 64.
@LI]FRF@HLA DNJ THNI]L PTD L]NRF@HLA # 64 FATNP X D DNP]^NP NP]^NP DN JF INCLRFP
THNI]L (IHA)
6== 8= ?= 5= 7= >= 4= 0= 2= 6= = 6 Thnipl std dn jf Lpnr. # 64 Fatns dn Inclrfs 8=.55 ihautls Thnipl std dn jf Lpnr. # 64 Dnspuns dn Jfs Inclrfs ?=.?8 ihautls
0.? @lipfrf`hla dnj thnipl nstfadfr fatns y dnspuns dn jfs inclrfs. Jls in`fahsils qun sn hipjninatfrla, fpfrtn dn jfs rndu``hlans na `lstls fplrtfrla uaf inclrf na nj thnipl nstfadfr dn nstn thpl prlyn`tls.
4?
Erfgh`l dn `lipfrf`hla dnj thnipls nstfadfr dnj prlyn`tl thpl Ernna Ghnjd.
48
@la`jushlans
@la jf dntnrihaf`hða n hipjninatf`hða dn jls in`fahsils dn inclrf, sn jlerfrf rndu`hr nj `lstl dn olrfs nxtrfs y fjhinatf`hða l`fshlafdl plr jfs dnilrfs qun dn f`unrdl fj iunstrnl prlindhfrf jls 7??7.== Jps inasufjns y fj Föl prlindhfrf ?0===.== Jps. ]frthèadlsn `lil rngnrna`hf nj qun nj 0?.56% dn jls jls prlyn`tls dn jf jf iunstrf al al `uipjhnrla nj thnipl nstæadfr.
Pn dntnrihaf nj thnipl nstæadfr pfrf nstn thpl dn prlyn`tls, nj `ufj sn uthjhzf, `lil pfræintrl pfrf na`latrfr jls gf`tlrns gf`tlr ns qun l`fshlafa dnilrfs na jls prlyn`tls. prl yn`tls. Nj thnipl PTD fatns dn jfs inclrfs nrf ?58.54 ihautls y dnspuès dn hipjninatfr jfs inclrfs ns dn ?7=.58 ihautls.
Pn jlerf hdnathgh`fr jls gf`tlrns iæs rnjnvfatns qun dnilrfbfa jls prlyn`tls dn lbrf `hvhj thpl Ernna Ghnjd, shnadl jls hiplrtfatns3 Jf dnilrf dn jf natrnef frnaf, erfvf, @ninatl y ohnrrl na nj shthl shthl `la ua 0?.56%. Jf dnilrf dn iftnrhfj iftnrhfjns ns na jf bldnef `la ua 28.=0%. Jf fusna`hf jfblrfj dn pnrslafj `la ua 62.8=%.
@la jf hipjninatf`hða dn jf onrrfihnatf >‘s y nj `latrlj stl`ks dn iftnrhfjns na jf
bldnef, sn jlerð rndu`hr nj thnipl PTD dn nstf f`thvhdfd dn >>.42 ihautls f 47.0> ihautls (67.4%) fj hipjninatfr jfs inclrfs y plr nadn jfs dnilrfs.
@la nj `fibhl na jf glrif dn `liprfr jf frnaf y jf erfvf plr sf`ls dhrn`tls fj prlvnndlr, f vljquntf (i0), sn jlerð rndu`hr nj `lstl dn nstls iftnrhfjns plr prlyn`tls na ua prlindhl dn 82>=.== Jps (4?%).
@la jf hipjninatf`hða dn jf ifanrf dn fdquhrhr jf frnaf y erfvf, sn rnducl nj thnipl PTD dn 8=.55 ihautls f ?=.?8 ihautls (6=.8%) fj hipjninatfr y plr nadn jfs dnilrfs.
>=
Rn`linadf`hlans
Jf hipjninatf`hða dn jf onrrfihnatf >‘s na jfs dhgnrnatns ærnfs dn jf niprnsf. Jfs >‘s ns uaf `ladu`tf dn vhdf vhdf dhfrhf qun dnbn snr fdlptfdf plr jfs niprnsfs pfrf
rndu`hr `hnrtls `lstls y inclrfr jf `fjhdfd dn snrvh`hls tfatl nxtnrafinatn, `lil hatnrafinatn.
Jf hipjninatf`hða dn jf onrrfihnatf >‘s rnquhnrn uaf havnrshða na `fpf`htf`hlans y ua hiplrtfatn fplyl dn jfs jfs enrna`hfs dn jf niprnsf, jjff ihsif snræ rntrhbuhdf na jf inclrf dn jf `fjhdfd na nj ærnf dn trfbfcl, njhihafadl gl`ls dn dnslrdna y dnspnrdh`hl, fuinatfadl dn nstf ifanrf jf sfthsgf``hða dn su pnrslafj y rndu``hða dn `lstls.
Tlifr jfs indhdfs dhs`hpjhafrhfs na bfsn f jf jny jfblrfj, yf qun dn jfs `uftrl fusna`hfs durfatn nj iunstrnl, dls dn njjfs (>=%) gunrla sha custhgh`f`hða y sha fvhsl prnvhl fj ærnf, jl qun l`fshlaf l`fs hlaf qun jls prlyn`tls sn dnilrna yf qun jf pnrslaf qun jl rnnipjfzf al thnan jf ihsif fehjhdfd na nj dnsfrrljjl dn jfs f`thvhdfdns.
]nrhðdh`finatn hatnerfr f jls erupls dn trfbfcls dn nstn thpl dn prlyn`tls, fj pnrslafj qun `ubrn jfs fusna`hfs jfblrfbjns, jfblrfbjns, pfrf qun fdquhnrfa ua ifylr `lal`hihnatl y fehjhdfd na jfs f`thvhdfdns y jfs ih ihsifs sifs sn dnsfrrljjna `la jf alrifjhdfd dn jls thnipls nstfbjn`hdls.
Fprlvn`ofr f indhr n hipjninatfr inclrfs na jls dhgnrnatns thpls dn prlyn`tls `la nj fplyl dn prf`th`fatns dn Hae. Hadustrhfj `la jls qun sn `unatfa na nstn ilinatl.
Nstfbjn`nr in`fahsils qun pnrihtfa f jls supnrvhslrns rnfjhzfr jf natrnef dn jls haglrins y rnplrtns dnj tltfj dn jfs f`thvhdfdns rnfjhzfdfs na `fdf ual dn jls prlyn`tls pfrf nvhtfr qun jf `lthzf`h `lt hzf`hlans lans sn rnfjh`na rnf jh`na f thnipl.
>6
BHBJHLERFGHF
Efr`éf, Rlbnrtl. (688?). Nstudhl dnj Trfbfcl, Haenahnréf dn Iètldls ]rhinrf ]rhinrf Ndh`hða. Ièxh`l3 Ndhtlrhfj I` Erfw Ohjj. Onraæadnz, Onraæadnz y Bfpthstf. (2=6=). Intldljleéf dn Jf Havnsthef`hða. Vuhatf Ndh`hða. Inxh`l3 Ndhtlrhfj I` Erfw Ohjj. Hsohkfwf, Kflru. (688?). ¼Vuè ns nj `latrlj tltfj dn `fjhdfd 0
Pn nx`fvfa zfacfs pfrf `ljl`fr jf tubnréf
Pn nx`fvfa zfacfs pfrf `ljl`fr jf tubnréf
]W@ `-4= dn 6 ¹’ y dn 6’, pfrf jf nanreéf F@ y jf trfasihshða dnj nquhpl.
]W@ `-4= dn 6 ¹’ y dn 6’, pfrf jf nanreéf F@ y jf trfasihshða dnj nquhpl.
Pn nx`fvfa zfacfs pfrf `ljl`fr jf tubnréf
Pn rnfjhzf nj na`lgrfdl pfrf jf jlsf aunvf dn
]W@ `-4= dn 6 ¹’ y dn 6’, pfrf jf nanreéf
2.6=x6.4=x=.4= `is. Dladn sn hastfjfrf nj
F@ y jf trfasihshða dnj nquhpl.
nquhpl aunvl. >4
Guadh`hða dn jf jlsf aunvf.
Jlsf aunvf guadhdf.
Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn 4 vfrhjjfs pljl f
@lanxhða dnj fahjjl `la `fbjn 2/= dn `lbrn
thnrrf pfrf nj fahjjl dn ftnrrhzfcn dn jls
`la sljdfdurf nxltèrih`f.
nquhpls.
>>
@ljl`f`hða dn jf tubnréf pv` @-4= tfatl dn 6
@ljl`f`hða dn jf tubnréf pv` @-4= tfatl dn 6
¹’ y dn 6’ subtnrræanf ]frf jf nanreéf F@ y
¹’ y dn 6’ subtnrræanf ]frf jf nanreéf F@ y
Trfasihshða dn jls nquhpls f hastfjfr.
Trfasihshða dn jls nquhpls f hastfjfr.
@ljl`f`hða dn jf tubnréf pv` @-4= tfatl dn 6
@ljl`f`hða dn jf tubnréf pv` @-4= tfatl dn 6
¹’ y dn 6’ subtnrræanf ]frf jf nanreéf F@ y
¹’ y dn 6’ subtnrræanf ]frf jf nanreéf F@ y
Trfasihshða dn jls nquhpls f hastfjfr.
Trfasihshða dn jls nquhpls f hastfjfr.
>7
Pfjhdf dnj `fbjnfdl # 7pfrf nanrehzfr nquhpl
@ljfs dn ftnrrhzfcn f thnrrf `la `fbjn 2/= dn
aunvl qun sn hastfjfrf na jf jlsf.
`lbrn dn jls nquhpls aunvls `lan`tfdfs fj fahjjl.
Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn jf tubnréf pfrf
Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn jf tubnréf pfrf
trfasihshða dnsdn jf RBP 26=7 fj nquhpl
trfasihshða dnsdn jf RBP 26=7 fj nquhpl
aunvl y jfs fjfrifs.
aunvl y jfs fjfrifs.
>5
Puihahstrl n hastfjf`hða dn dls `fcf dn rnehstrl Nstf tubnréf ns pfrf jf ghbrf ðpth`f y nanreéf @fatnx uaf na jf tlrrn y ltrf na jf jlsf dn
D@ qun sfjn dnj nquhpl aunvl of`hf nj nquhpl
`la`rntl `lan`tfdf plr tubnréf réehdf dn 6 ¹’
qun sn hastfjf na jf tlrrn dn trfasihshða.
natrn sé.
Ghafjhzfdf jf fdn`uf`hða dn lbrf `hvhj na nj
Ghafjhzfdf jf fdn`uf`hða dn lbrf l brf `hvhj na nj
shthl, ofy qun lrdnafr, jhiphfr y dncfrjl `lil
shthl, ofy qun lrdnafr, jhiphfr y dncfrjl `lil
sh al sn of rnfjhzfdl ahaeóa trfbfcl.
sh al sn of rnfjhzfdl ahaeóa trfbfcl. >?
Ghafjhzfdf jf fdn`uf`hða dn lbrf `hvhj na nj
Ghafjhzfdf jf fdn`uf`hða dn lbrf `hvhj na nj
shthl, ofy qun lrdnafr, jhiphfr y dncfrjl `lil sh al sn of rnfjhzfdl ahaeóa trfbfcl.
shthl, ofy qun lrdnafr, jhiphfr y dncfrjl `lil sh al sn of rnfjhzfdl ahaeóa trfbfcl.
>8
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