Informe de Practica 12. Producción de Biogás en El Fundo Pachacamac, Lima (Gas de Cuyisea)

 

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I_S^L 4 - F`tcirj`tcs; 

Gjstfmml Jmjrg÷` Djyj`j Qfl`ctb

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Dåjz Jmjrg÷` Orc`dj @fglmc

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M÷pcz Ajraê` Hrfstbfj` Cs`cfdcr

F@AL_EC DC ^_ÊGTFGJ @¾ :?; ^_LDSGGF×@ DC OFLIÊW C@ CM AS@DL ^JGBJGJEJG, MFEJ (IJW DC GSVFWCJ) F.

F`trlduggf÷` Mls êgfdls lriê`fgls prldugfdls plr efgrllrij`fsels sc lotfc`c` c` acrec`tjgfl`cs gmêsfgjs l j`jcrlofjs (êgfdl mêgtfgl, êgfdl prlpf÷`fgl) y c` mjs acrec`tjgfl`cs lxfdjtfvjs u lxfdjgfl`cs f`glepmctjs (êgfdl jgætfgl, êgfdl imug÷`fgl, êgfdl aueêrfgl, êgfdl gåtrfgl, êgfdl imutêefgl, gctlêgfdls, lxlêgfdls). Cm êgfdl gåtrfgl sc prldugc c` su tltjmfdjd plr acrec`tjgf÷`. Cm dcsguorfefc`tl dc mj gjpjgfdjd dc jmiu`ls bl`ils afmjec`tlsls dc prldugfr êgfdl gåtrfgl sc rcel`tj j :267, irjgfjs j mls cstudfls dc Ycbecr. C` :6:9 Gurrfc dcelstr÷ quc cspcgfcs dc Jspcrifmmus `ficr jgueumjoj` êgfdl gåtrfgl j mj pjr gl` êgfdl lxêmfgl. ^lstcrflrec`tc sc dcaf`fcrl` mjs gl`dfgfl`cs quc rcdugåj` mj prlduggf÷` dcm êgfdl lxêmfgl gl`tjef`j`tc. J pjrtfr dc c`tl`gcs, vjrfcdjdcs dc Jspcrifmmus dc Jspcrifmmus `ficr  bj`  bj` dlef`jdl mj prlduggf÷` f`dustrfjm, au`djec`tjmec`tc  plrquc su afsflmliåj cs eês gl`lgfdj quc mj dc ltrls bl`ils bl`ils y plrquc utfmfzj` ejtcrfjs  prfejs dc ojkl glstl glel ecmjzjs dc gjúj.

FF.

FFF.

Lokctfvls 

Wcmcggfl`jr J. Wcmcggfl`jr  J. `ficr  prldugtlr  prldugtlr dc êgfdls lriê`fgls.

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Wcmcggfl`jr J. Wcmcggfl`jr  J. `ficr  sciû`  sciû` mj jgfdcz jmgj`zjdj.

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Ej`tc`cr J. Ej`tc`cr  J. `ficr  prldugtlr  prldugtlr dc êgfdls lriê`fgls.

Ectldlmliåj Cm f`alrec cs dc tfpl dcsgrfptfvl, lrfc`tjdl j cxpmfgjr dc ej`crj tc÷rfgj ^rlduggf÷` Dc Ofliês C` Cm Au`dl ^jgbjgjejg, Mfej (Ijs Dc Guyfscj), pjrj mj rcglmcggf÷` dc djtls sc utfmfzjrl` mls gl`lgfefc`tls jdqufrfdls c` mj gmjsc dc Efgrloflmliåj djdls plr mj Dlgc`tc dcm gursl, mforls dcsgjrijdls dcm jumj vfrtujm dc mj S`fvcrsfdjd @jgfl`jm ^cdrl _ufz Ijmml c feêic`cs dcm `jvcijdlr Illimc. 7.: ^rlduggf÷` dc ofliês c` au`dl Gjsj Omj`gj, ^jgbjgêejg, Mfej

Af Af`g `gjj dc pr prld ldug uggf gf÷` ÷`,, f` f`vc vcstf stfij ijgf÷ gf÷` ` y gj gjpj pjgf gftjg tjgf÷ f÷` ` c` ji jirf rfgu gumt mtur urjj cg cglm lm÷i ÷ifgj fgj y jirlturfsel, sftujdj c` cm mltc ?>, pjrgcmjgf÷` Gjsj Omj`gj c` cm dfstrftl dc ^jgbjgêejg (Afiurj :), vjmmc Murå` dc Mfej, gl`dugfdj plr mls F`ic`fcrls jir÷`lels Smfscs elrc`l y Gjrec` Acmfpc, jeols dlgc`tcs gcsj`tcs dc mj S`fvcrsfdjd @jgfl`jm Jirjrfj Mj Elmf`j.

 

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Afiurj :  Au`dl Gjsj Omj`gj, Omj`gj, ^jgbjgêejg c` Mfej.

Mjs prêgtfgjs jirlcglm÷ifgjs quc sc jpmfgj` c` mj af`gj sl`; Grfj`zj cglm÷ifgj dc Gjvfj plrgcmmus ”guy― (Afiurj ?), prlduggf÷` y usl dc jol`ls lriê`fgls, au`gfl`jefc`tl dc u` ofldficstlr eldcml Gbf`l quc prldugc ofliês, rltjgf÷` dc gumtfvls y jslgfjgfl`cs, rfcil tcg`fafgjdl plr sfa÷`, efgrljspcrsf÷` y iltcl, usl dc pmj`tjs blspcdcrjs dc lrij`fsels  oc`æafgls gl`trlmjdlrcs dc pmjijs y dc prcpjrjdls j ojsc dc pmj`tjs rcpcmc`tcs dc f`scgtls djúf`ls, gl`scrvjgf÷` dc mj jirlofldfvcrsfdjd.

Afiurj ? Grfj`zj dc Gjvfj ^lrgcmmus ”guy―.

Cm ofldficstlr tfpl Gbf`l tfc`c :> e7 dc gjpjgfdjd. S`j vcz jm júl sc prcpjrj  prcgleplst gl` 1?3 hi dc cstfærglm y 427 hi dc rjstrlkl dc ejåz pfgjdl. Cm rjstrlkl dcm ejåz sc dcplsftj slorc u`j ej`tj dc plmfctfmc`l pjrj buecdcgcrml gl` jiuj dc gjúl j`tcs dc jrejr  mj gjej gleplstcrj, gl` u`j gjpj dc ?3 ge dc rjstrlkl y u`j gjpj dc 3 ge dc iuj`l y jså

 

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sugcsfvjec`tc bjstj tcref`jr gl` u`j gjpj dc rjstrlkl. Mucil sc glmlgj u` ojeoû c` cm gc`trl dc mj gjej, pjrj ajvlrcgcr mj jfrcjgf÷` y sc dckj j tcepcrjturj jeofc`tjm, rcelvfc`dl scej`jmec`tc, durj`tc : ecs (Afiurjs 7 j 9).

Afiurj 7  ^rlgcdfefc`tl pjrj prcpjrjgf÷` dc prcgleplst. prcgleplst. Cstfærglm dc Gjvfj plrgcmmus (Guy) plrgcmmus (Guy)

^rc-acrec`tjgf÷`; eczgmj dc cstfærglm dc Gjvfj plrgcmmus y plrgcmmus y rjstrlkl dc [cj dc [cj ejys M. M. (Gjej gleplstcrj.)

Lotc`gf÷` dc  prc-gleplst

_csfduls gcmum÷sfgls; rjstrlkl dc  [cj ejys M.

 

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Cm dficstlr sc gjrij gl` : tl`cmjdj dc prc-gleplst dc : ecs (Afiurjs 2, 6, :>), 4>> hi dc ojzlafj y ?>> M dc slmugf÷` slmugf÷` dc jiuj dc gjm jm ?%, dc tjm ej`crj quc sc glepmctj glepmctj bjstj 2 e7, dckj`dl mforc ? e 7 pjrj cm jmejgc`jefc`tl dcm ofliês. Dcspuæs dc : ecs, glefc`zj mj  prlduggf÷` dc ofliês (Afiurj ::). Wcej`jmec`tc sc cxtrjc` ?>>M dc Oflm (Afiurj :?) y sc f`trldugc` ?>> M dc u`j eczgmj dc 3> hi dc cstfærglm arcsgl dc guy, rcelkjdls c` :3> M dc jiuj durj`tc ?4 blrjs. C` prlecdfl, jm dåj sc lotfc`c` 7 e 7 dc ofliês gl` 9>% dc ectj`l. S`j vcz jm júl sc sjgj cm oflacrtfmfzj`tc s÷mfdl Oflslm dcm f`tcrflr dcm ofldficstlr (Afiurjs :7, :4, :3).

Afiurj 4  ^jsls j`tcs dc jmfec`tjr jm oflicstlr 

Qlmtcl dcm prc-gleplst

Jmfec`tjr cm  ofldficstlr.

Ofldficstlr tfpl gbf`l- Guyfscj.

 

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Afiurj 3 Lrfafgfl dc sjmfdj dc Ofliês

Afiurj 1  Cxtrjggf÷` dcm oflm 

 

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Afiurj 9  Cxtrjggf÷` dcm oflacrtfmfzj`tc Oflslm 

 

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7.?. Dfscúl y jgl`dfgfl`jefc`tl jgl`dfgfl`jefc`tl dc oflrrcjgtlr j`jcrlofl j`jcrlofl gl` sfstcej dc purfafgjgf÷`

Jgl`dfgfl Jgl`df gfl`jr `jr u` oflrrc oflrrcjgtl jgtlrr j`jcrl j`jcrlofl ofl,, gl`stft gl`stftufd ufdl l plr u` dcp÷sf dcp÷sftl tl rcgtj`i rcgtj`iumj umjr, r, gcrrjdl dc mjt÷` dc :/:1 pumijdjs (utfmfzjdl pjrj cm trj`splrtc dc jgcftc) gl` gjpjgfdjd dc :2 M y guyjs dfec`sfl`cs sl` dc >,?4e dc mjril y j`gbl plr >,71 e dc jmturj. Wlorc cm cxtrcel supcrflr cm oflrrcjgtlr prcsc`tjrê u`j jocrturj dc :> ge dc dfêectrl, guofcrtj gl` u`j tjpj rlsgj pmêstfgj prlvfstj dc u` jiukcrl (>,3 ge) c` mj pjrtc gc`trjm. Mj jocrturj scrvfrê pjrj rcjmfzjr mj gjrij y dcsgjrij dcm oflrrcjgtlr y cm jiukcrl gc`trjm pcreftfrê mj sjmfdj dcm ofliês j trjvæs dc u`j ej`iucrj pmêstfgj dc >,3 ge dc dfêectrl y 1> ge dc ml`iftud (Afiurj :1). J`cxl jm oflrrcjgtlr sc c`gl`trjrê cm sfstcej dc purfafgjgf÷` quc cstjrê gl`stftufdl plr u` arjsgl mjvjdlr dc GL?, dc vfdrfl y dc 3>> eM dc gjpjgfdjd, gl`tc`fc`dl ?>> eM dc u`j slmugf÷` dc gjm ? %. Gcrrjr bcreætfgjec`tc cm arjsgl mjvjdlr gl` u`j tjpj rlsgj pmêstfgj quc  prcsc`tjrê u` jiukcrl c` mj pjrtc gc`trjm plr dl`dc f`ircsjrê cm cxtrcel af`jm dc mj ej`iucrj dc pmêstfgl (>,3 ge dc dfêectrl y 1> ge dc ml`iftud) mmcvj`dl cm ofliês dcsdc cm oflrrcjgtlr y sjmdrê u`j ej`iucrj dc pmêstfgl (: ge dc dfêectrl y 3> ge dc ml`iftud) sjgj`dl cm ofliês  pjrj su jmejgc`jefc`tl c` u` imlol aucrtcec`tc sukctl j su cxtrcel af`jm (ijs÷ectrl). 7.7. _cglmcggf÷` dc mj ejtcrfj prfej pjrj mj prlduggf÷` dc ofliês

C` u` gc`trl dc c`ilrdc dc plrgf`ls rcglmcgtjr cstfærglm arcsgl y c` gjepls jiråglmjs rcglmcgtjr rcsfduls gcmum÷sfgls (tjmmls, rjågcs, ejmczjs, glrl`tjs) c` mjs gj`tfdjdcs dc ?> hi y 3 hi, rcspcgtfvjec`tc.

Afiurj 2 j) Cstfærglm arcsgl, o) _csfduls gcmum÷sfgls. j)

o)

 

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7.4. ^rcpjrjgf÷` dc mj gjrij f`fgfjm pjrj mj prlduggf÷` dc ofliês (acrec`tjgf÷` jcrlofj l  prc-acrec`tjgf÷`)  prc-acrec`tjg f÷`)

^jrj mlirjr u`j rcmjgf÷` dc G;@ dc ?3 j 7> ; : eczgmjr 6 hi dc cstfærglm dc gcrdl  prcvfjec`tc dcsec`uzjdls plr trfturjgf÷` gl` ? hi dc dc rcsfduls gcmum÷sfgls, glrtjdls c`  pcdjzls dc eês l ec`ls 7 ‗ 3 ge. Eczgmjr cm ejtcrfjm rcsumtj`tc gl` jiuj dc gjm jm ? %, c` mj prlplrgf÷` dc : ; ?, cqufvjmc`tc j :: Hi dc rcsfduls y ?? M dc jiuj dc gjm jm ? %. Glmlgjr mj eczgmj slorc u` pmêstfgl uofgjdl c` cm sucml, blelic`cfzjrmj y jfrcjrmj durj`tc :3 ef`utls f`tcrdfjrfjec`tc durj`tc :1 dåjs. Tjeofæ` sc pucdc` eczgmjr 1 hi dc cstfærglm dc guy eês : hi dc rcsfduls gcmum÷sfgls, jdfgfl`jr :4 M dc jiuj dc gjm ? % y dckjr quc sc dcirjdc plr :> dåjs gl` jfrcjgf÷`.

7.3. Acrec`tjgf÷` j`jcrlofj pjrj mj prlduggf÷` dc ofliês

Dctcref`jr cm gl`tc`fdl dc s÷mfdls tltjmcs c` cm sustrjtl prcvfjec`tc slectfdl j u`j acrec`tjgf÷` jcrlofj. Cm vjmlr scrê jprlxfejdjec`tc dc 3> %. Dcofdl j quc pjrj mj  prlduggf÷` dc ofliês c` sfstcej dfsgl`tf`ul sc rcqufcrc ?3 ‗ 73 % dc s÷mfdls tltjmcs, pcsjr cm sustrjtl y dfmufrml gl` jiuj dc gjm ? %, c` mj prlplrgf÷` :; : (6 hi dc sustrjtl eês 6 M dc jiuj dcruef`jm gjm jm ? %). ^lstcrflrec`tc, eczgmjrc` cm cm sustrjtl pcsjdl y buecdcgfdl gl` ?>> eM dc måqufdl y glmlgjrml f`ecdfjtjec`tc oflrrcjgtlr (4/3 dcm vlmuec`) gl` mmc`jdl f`tcreftc`tc l tfpl Ojtgb, ml gujm sfi`fafgj quc scrê gcrrjdl bcreætfgjec`tc y `l sc jorfrê bjstj quc gcsc mj prlduggf÷` dcm ofliês. Cm tfcepl dc rctc`gf÷` scrê jprlxfejdjec`tc dc 7> dåjs. Tjeofæ` sc pucdc` pcsjr 3 hi dc mj eczgmj cstfærglm dc guy prc-acrec`tjdj y jircijr 3 hi dc jiuj dc gjm eês 3> eM dc måqufdl ruef`jm. 7.1.

^jrêectrls  

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dc

gl`trlm

dc

mj

prlduggf÷`

dc

ofliês

Dfjrfjec`tc rcifstrjr mj tcepcrjturj, pB y vlmuec` dcm ijs prldugfdl. Jm f`fgfl y jm af`jm dc mj prlduggf÷` dc ofliês dctcref`jr; - W÷mfdls tltjmcs (%) - W÷mfdls vl vlmêtfmcs mcs ((% %) J`tcs dc mj prc ‗ acrec`tjgf÷` y dcspuæs dc mj dficstf÷` dcm sustrjtl dctcref`jr cm  plrgc`tjkc dc `ftr÷ic`l, gjrol`l y a÷salrl.

7.9. ^urfafgjgf÷` dcm ofliês pjrj mj lotc`gf÷` dcm ectj`l

Cm ofliês quc sjmc dcm oflrrcjgtlr y quc cs gl`dugfdl j trjvæs dc mj ej`iucrj pmêstfgj scrê mmcvjdl bjgfj u` arjsgl mjvjdlr gl`tc`fc`dl ?>> eM dc jiuj dc gjm ?% pjrj cmfef`jr cm GL? y plstcrflrec`tc scrê jmejgc`jdl c` cm imlol dc plmfctfmc`l (ijs÷ectrl). Dc scr plsfomc jgl`d jgl `dfgfl fgfl`jr `jr tjeofæ tjeofæ` ` u` afmtrl afmtrl pjrj pjrj mj gjptjgf gjptjgf÷` ÷` dcm sumaur sumaurl l dc bfdr÷i bfdr÷ic`l c`l,, quc dcocrê dcocrê scr  f`stjmjdl c` mj ej`iucrj dc gl`duggf÷` dcm ofliês dcsdc cm mjvjdlr dc GL? bjgfj cm rcscrvlrfl dc ofliês l ijs÷ectrl8 gl`stftufdl plr u` tuol dc ^QG rcmmc`l c` mjs ?/7 pjrtcs gl` mfejdurj dc bfcrrl bfc rrl y cm tcrgfl tcrgfl rcstj`t rcstj`tcc gl` cspl`kfm cspl`kfmmj mj dc bfcrrl bfcrrl utfmfzjd utfmfzjdjj pjrj pjrj mj mfepfc mfepfczj zj dleæstf dleæstfgj gj dc utc`sfmfls dleæstfgls. Cm ofliês f`ircsjrê plr u` cxtrcel dcm afmtrl y ml joj`dl`jrê plr cm

 

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cxtrcel lpucstl. Cm sumaurl dc bfdr÷ic`l scrê jtrjpjdl plr cm ejtcrfjm acrrlsl alreê`dlsc sumaurl dc bfcrrl. 7.2.

Dcsgjrij

tltjm

dc

mldls

Tcref`jdl cm prlgcsl dc prlduggf÷` dc ofliês gl` u` dctcref`jdl tfpl dc sustrjtl, sjgjr  tltjmec`t tltjme c`tcc cm gl`tc` gl`tc`fdl fdl dcm dficstl dficstlrr (ofljo (ofljol`l l`l), ), mfepfj mfepfjrr y prcpjr prcpjrjr jr cm oflrrcj oflrrcjgtl gtlrr pjrj pjrj mj sfiufc`tc ctjpj dc prlduggf÷`.

FQ.

_csumtjdls 4.:. Ckcepml dc vjmlrcs lotc`fdls c` mj prlduggf÷` dc ofliês

Ofldficstlr; gfmf`drl dc 33 ijml`cs dc gjpjgfdjd; dfêectrl 5 >.318 jmturj 5 >.29 e8 vlmuec` tltjm 5 >.?:4 e7 (_lkjs, :66?8 Jguúj & Qfmmjmtj, :662).  Ejyl ‗ Ku`fl gl` u`j T» prlecdfl dc ?2.9» G  Qlmuec` dc sustrjtl ; 4/3 dcm ofldficstlr 5 >.:9? e7  Wutrjtl ; 9> hi dc cstfærglm (gl`ckls, guycs, ijmmf`js,  vjgu`l) eês rcstls vcictjmcs eês 9> hi dc jiuj  (Dfmugf÷` :;:)  Acgbj dc gjrij ; ?>\>4 W.T. (%) F`fgfjm ; 49.3 W.Q. (%) F`fgfjm ; 23.43  pB f`fgfjm ; 1.6  Acgbj dc tæref`l ; >6\>1 W.T. ; 14.?9 W.Q. ; 34.??  pB af`jm ; 9.?  Ouaacr ; ?% (:.4 hi dc GjL)  Acgbj dc f`fgfl dc mj prlduggf÷` dcm oflijs ; 7>/>4  Dåj dc eêxfej prlduggf÷` dfjrfj ; ?1jvl  Tfcepl dc rctc`gf÷` ; 4> dåjs 

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Afiurj 2 Glml`fj dc Jspcrifmmus `ficr.

Q.

Ofomflirjaåj

 

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Jqufjbujtm, E. y ^ærcz, E. (?>>4). Ej`ujm (?>>4). Ej`ujm dc ^rêgtfgjs dcm Mjolrjtlrfl Mjolrjtlrfl dc Efgrloflmliåj Ic`crjm. S`fvcrsfdjd Ic`crjm.  S`fvcrsfdjd Jut÷`lej Ectrlplmftj`j Fztjpjmjpj. bttps;//ujec`mf`cj.uje.ex/ejtcrfjmcs/mfgc`gfjturj/dfvcrsls/JZSFJBSJTM\_JEL W\EJ_FJ\DC\MLW\J@ICMCW\Ej`ujm\dc\prjgtfgjs\dc.pda  Gjrrcúl, G. (?>:>). Ej`ujm (?>:>). Ej`ujm dc ^rêgtfgjs dc Efgrloflmliåj F`dustrfjm. S`fvcrsfdjd @jgfl`jm ^cdrl _uåz.  _uåz.  bttps;//jumjvfrtujm.u`pri.cdu.pc/pmuif`afmc.pbp/9>1>7/eld\rcslurgc/gl`tc`t/4/R%?> ^r %G7%J:gtfgj%?>%?>Efgrloflmli%G7%JDj%?>Jeofc`tjm%?G%? %G7%J:gtfgj%?>%?>Efgrloflmli%G7%JDj%?>Jeofc`tjm%?G%?>?>:9.pda  >?>:9.pda