Informe de Las Guias Practicas de Mecanica de Fluidos
September 30, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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^OLUNVPLMJM ]Ì@OL@J MN JIFJ]G
Ej`uatjm mn Loknolnréj no Plstnijs Nan`trðol`j n Lomustrlja IN@ÊOL@J MN EA^LMGP ]L]^AG2
LOEGVIN MN K^LJP XVJ@]L@JP MN IN@OL@J MN EA^LMGP
@JVVNVJ2
LOKNOLNVLJ LOM^P]VLJA NO XVG@NPGP MN J^]GIJ]LRJ@LÐO
JVNJ J@JMNIL@J2 IN@ÊOL@J ALONJ MN LOUNP]LKJ@LÐO2 IN@ÊOL@J NP]^MLJO]NP2 CJ]DNVLON @GOP]JO]N JOMVÌP G@DGJ MG@NO]N2
LOK. IK. UL@]GV XNVNR PNX]LNIFVN 68:< NONVG 6868
:. :. ]étuag2 PGA^@LGOJVLG MN NBNV@L@LGP MN IÌ@JOL@J MN EA^LMGP 6. 6. Gfbntlvgs2 6.: Gfbntlvg Knonrja2 Najfgrjr uo loegrin mn ajs kuéjs prê`tl`js rnjalzjmjs no na iðmuag mn in`êol`j mn
eaulmgs no na pnrlgmg Pnptlnifrn 68:8 Ck/i0. @ja`uajr aj vls`gslmjm `loniêtl`j no2 j) uolmjmns no na I.C.P. f) no na slstnij lokans `) aj vls`gslmjm jfsgautj no uolmjmns ^P@ (slstnij `giòo mn uolmjmns2 no Nstjmgs ^olmgs) (af-pln-snkuomg). j) 8 .88> 6 ∛ 9 >.446 ∛ :8 9 9 :8∖5 4>8 0
f) ∖5 >.446 ∛ :8∖5
(0.64 6 0.64 )6 6 ∖> ∛ 9 5.06 ∛ :8 (:)6
`) 8.88>
∛
∛
6.6 :
∛
: 0.64
9 0.0>05 ∛ :8 ∛ :8∖0
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f) f) Aj mlstrlfu`lðo mn vnag`lmjm pjrj uo eaubg mn cnrgsnon j 688@ (¾ 9 =x:8-0 (O x s) /i6) notrn mgs pjrnmns nstê mjmg pgr2 U 9 :888*y*(8.8:8 ‐ y) y) i/s. Mgomn ‑y’ nstê no intrgs. Plnomg aj snpjrj`lðo
notrn ajs mgs pjrnmns mn : `i. Krjelqun aj mlstrlfu`lðo mn vnag`lmjmns y mntnrilon na nseunrzg `grtjotn no ajs pjrnmns. 9
9
(:8 (:8 ∖ :8886)
9 (:8 ∖ 6888) 6888) 9 (:8 ∖ 6888 6888 )
9 (:8 ∖ 6888 ∖ 6888 )
∛ 9 (= ∛ :8∖0 ) (:8 :8∖ ∖ 6888(8)) 0 9 8.88=
9 (= ∛ :8∖0
∛ ) (:8 ∖ 6888(8.8:) ∖ 6888(8.8:)) 0
9 ∖8.88=
6
6
Vnsuatjmg mna jprnomlzjbn2 J trjvìs mn aj rnsgau`lðo mn prgfanijs prê`tl`gs rnenrnotns j ags eaulmgs y su vls`gslmjm, uog punmn `linotjr su `gog`lilnotg, pgonrag no prê`tl`j y sgfrn tgmg `giprnomnr `ðig ns qun euo`lgojo ags eaulmgs ea ulmgs mn ijonrj prê`tl`j. Ogs pnriltn egrijr fjsns fjsns sðalmjs, jotns mn aj jpal`j`lðo no nnaa `jipg rnja. @go`auslgons2 Pn rnegrzð ags `gog`lilnotgs jmqulrlmgs no na iðmuag inmljotn aj rnjalzj`lðo mn nbnr`l`lgs. Jprnomligs sgfrn ajs jpal`j`lgons qun sn an punmno mjr j ags eaulmgs, tgmg j`gipjújmg mn ags a gs `êa`uags qun pgmnigs rnjalzjr y ajs `jrj`tnréstl`js qun on`nsltnigs sjtlsej`nr pjrj aj jpal`j`lðo. •
•
Vn`ginomj`lgons2 Xrgeuomlzjr na tnij mn ags eaulmgs y su vls`gslmjm inmljotn aj rnsgau`lðo mn nbnr`l`lgs `grrnspgomlnotn j •
•
ags eaulmgs y su vls`gslmjm. ]nonr no `unotj y sjfnr mlenrno`ljr ajs êrnjs `go ajs qun sn mntnrilojo ags mlenrnotns ej`tgrns y `jrj`tnréstl`js rnenrnotns j ags eaulmgs. =
Flfalgkrjeéj2 S:Y J. I. Mgilokg, «Jpuotns mn In`êol`j mn Eaulmgs,³ @@, 68:>. S6Y @LN-^OJI, «In`êol`j mn Eaulmgs,³ @LN-^OJI, Ijmrlm, 68:;. S0Y V. Ijr`jog, «Uls`gslmjm,³ Fgkgtê, 68:>.
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LOEGVIN MN AJ K^ÉJ XVÊ@]L@J MN JXAL@J@LÐO \ NTXNVLINO]J@LÐO MNA JXVNOMLRJBN LOEGVIJ@LÐO KNONVJA JPLKOJ]^VJ IN@ÊOL@J MN EA^LMGP ^G@ Xrgenslgoja
OLUNA @L@AG
Pnxtg Pnpt/68:0.8 Cke y aanoj mn kal`nrloj, 55.8 Cke. Djaajr aj mnoslmjm rnajtlvj mn aj kal`nrloj.
=
9
9 ∛ 50 >;; 9 8.4 8.4>>= >>=
f) Na pl`g mn `lnrtj igotjúj nstê j :0>88 plns sgfrn na olvna mna ijr. ·@uêa ns aj prnslðo jtigseìrl`j jprgxlijmj7
∅ℏ 9 :0> 0>88 88 9 =: =::= :=..4 9:.66>
9 + 9 ∖ ∛∛∅ℏ 9 :8 :8:0 :06> 6> ∖∖ :.66> 66> ∛:4 >:4;5. ;5.==66 9 8.>::< 8.>::<
`) J Mnovnr, @gagrjmg, sn an aajij aj @lumjm mn uoj ilaaj mn jatltum, mnflmg j qun sn no`unotrj j uoj jatltum mn >688 plns, jprgxlijmjinotn. Pupgokj qun aj prnslðo no na olvna mna ijr ns mn :8:.0 cXj (jfs) ·`uêa snréj aj prnslðo jtigseìrl`j jprgxlijmj no Mnovnr7
∅ℏ 9 >68 6888 9 :>4 >4=.=. 9 + 9 ∖ ∛∛∅ℏ 9 :8:0 :8:06> 6> ∖∖ :.66> 66> ∛4=.< :>4=.. SNo aéonjY. J Jvjlajfan2 vjlajfan2 dttps2//www.onfrlbj.ns/~`ijajkgo/Elsl`jWJpal`jmj/trjospjrno`ljs/80-Eaulmgs dttps2//www.onfrlbj.ns/~`ijajkgo/E lsl`jWJpal`jmj/trjospjrno`ljs/80-Eaulmgs/::W-Weaulmgs.pme. /::W-Weaulmgs.pme. SÒatlig j``nsg2 :> Ogvlnifrn 68:. S0Y @LMNJM, «Eunrzj y Xrnslðo mn Eaulmgs Eaulmgs,³ ,³ @LMNJ @LMNJM, M, Inxl`g, 68:0. S=Y Ej`uatjm mn Zuéil`j ^O ^OJI, JI, «]nrigmloêil`j,³ V VL@B^P]GPPL L@B^P]GPPLNVVJ, NVVJ, I Ijmrlm, jmrlm, 68:>.
4
LOEGVIN MN AJ K^ÉJ XVÊ@]L@J MN JXAL@J@LÐO \ NTXNVLINO]J@LÐO MNA JXVNOMLRJBN LOEGVIJ@LÐO KNONVJA JPLKOJ]^VJ IN@ÊOL@J MN EA^LMGP
OLUNA
^G@
Xrgenslgoja
@L@AG J@JMÌIL@G Pnptlnifrn/68:
9 ∛ 9 ∛ ∛ ℏ ∛ )(:∛∛ :.6 6 9(:888 )( )(: 9>.445 √ 9 8 9 ( ∛ )+( ∛ ) 9 (∖=6.=;4 )( )(:.) )(8.>) 9 ∖;
:)) 9 8.> 9 :6 (:
6.> 9 slo58¸
6.48 i. Mntnrilojr ajs rnj``lgons no J y F mnsprn`ljomg na rgzjilnotg.
`) @go rnenrno`lj j aj slkulnotn elkurj, mntnrilojr ajs eunrzjs eunrzj s dgrlzgotja y vnrtl`ja, mnflmjs j aj j``lðo mna jkuj sgfrn na `lalomrg mn :.4 i mn mlêintrg, pgr intrg mn agokltum mna ilsig.
9 ℏ 9:888 9:888((:.405 :.405)()(::)()(:.>05 :.>05)) 9 086 0866.4 6.4>> ;
9 ℏ 9:888 9:888((6.58= 6.58=)()(::)()(8.65= 8.65=)) 954;.=5 Aj eunrzj dlmrgstêtl`j dgrlzgotja rnsuatjotn ns eunrzj nbnr`lmj sgfrn ags puotgs @MJ inogs aj eunrzj nbnr`lmj pgr JF, `go uo snotlmg snotlmg jotldgrjrlg, ns mn`lr2 mn`lr2
9 ∖ 9 0866. 0866.44>> ∖ 54 54;.= ;.=55 9 600 600>.0 >.0. >.
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LOEGVIN MN AJ K^ÉJ XVÊ@]L@J MN JXAL@J@LÐO \ NTXNVLINO]J@LÐO MNA JXVNOMLRJBN KNONVJA LOEGVIJ@LÐO KNONVJA JPLKOJ]^VJ IN@ÊOL@J MN EA^LMGP OLUNA Pnxtg ^G@ ^G@ Xrgenslgoja @L@AG J@JMÌIL@G Pnpt/68:4 ‐ Enf/68:< Cjtdnrlon Jflkjla @gostjotn Xjrnmns ‐ G`dgj @jstlaag @drlstljo Jomrìs NP]^MLJO]N NP]^MLJO]N LOEGVIN PGFVN AJP J@]LULMJMNP XVÊ@]L@JP XVÊ@]L@JP ]nij2 @J^MJA, @GOM^@@LÐO, XNVMLMJP NO @GOM^@@LÐO, FGIFJP FGIFJP Gfbntlvgs2 :. :. Vnjalzjr gpnrj`lgons mn `jumja y `gomu``lðo. 6. 6. Jojalzjr ajs pnrmlmjs no `gomu``lðo. 0. 0. Jojalzjr ajs fgifjs. fgifjs. Lostru``lgons2 :. :. Vnvlsn ags `gotnolmgs sgfrn `jumja y `gomu``lðo. 6. 6. Vnvlsn ags `gotnolmgs sgfrn pnrmlmjs no `gomu``lðo 0. 0. Jojal`n ajs fgifjs fgifjs Alstjmg mn nqulpg ijtnrljans y rn`ursgs2 :. :. N`uj`lgons mn `jumja, `gomu``lðo y mn pìrmlmjs no `gomu``lðo. 6. 6. N`uj`lgons y tjfajs mn ajs fgifjs. 0. 0. Dgbjs mn pjpna =. =. Aêplz y fgrrjmgr Ijr`g ]nðrl`g2 ]nðrl`g2 VÌKLINO AJILOJV Pn aajij eaubg ajilojr ja tlpg mn igvlilnotg mn uo eaulmg `ujomg ìstn ns pnren`tjinotn grmnojmg, nstrjtlel`jmg, sujvn, mn ijonrj qun na eaulmg sn iunvn no aêilojs pjrjanajs slo notrninz`ajrsn. Ajs `jpjs jmyj`notns mna eaulmg sn mnsalzjo sujvninotn notrn sé. Na in`jolsig mn trjospgrtn ns nx`auslvjinotn igan`uajr. Pn ml`n qun nstn eaubg ns jnrgmloêil`g. G`urrn j vnag`lmjmns rnajtlvjinotn fjbjs g vls`gslmjmns jatjs. Na eaulmg sn iunvn no `jpjs pjrjanajs g `laéomrl`js S:Y.
Laustrj`lðo :.- Vìklino Ajilojr S:Y.
VÌKLINO ]^VF^ANO]G ]^VF^ANO]G Pn aajij eaubg turfuanotg `ujomg sn dj`n iês lrrnkuajr, `jðtl`g n liprnmn`lfan, ajs pjrté`uajs sn iunvno mnsgrmnojmjinotn y ajs trjyn`tgrljs mn ajs pjrté`uajs sn no`unotrjo egrijomg pnqunúgs rnigalogs jpnrlðml`gs. Jpjrn`n j vnag`lmjmns jatjs g `ujomg jpjrn`no gfstê`uags jfruptgs no na igvlil igvlilnotg notg mna eaulmg. Laustrj`lðo ;.- Eaubg ]urfuanotg S:Y.
Laustrj`lðo 6.- Vìklino ]urfuanotg S:Y.
:
NA OÒINVG MN VN\OGAMP @ujomg aj vnag`lmjm mn uo eaulmg qun sn iunvn no uo tufg sgfrnpjsj uo mntnrilojmg vjagr `rétl`g (qun mnpnomn mna eaulmg y mna mlêintrg mna tufg) aj a j ojturjanzj mna eaubg sn dj`n iuy `gipanbj2 -
No aj `jpj `nr`j mn ajs pjrnmns mna tufg, `jpj aéiltn, na eaubg slkun slnomg ajilojr, mn dn`dg, aj vnag`lmjm mna eaubg no aj `jpj aéiltn ns `nrg no ajs pjrnmns y juinotj dj`lj na `notrg mna tufg.
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Iês jaaê mn aj `jpj aéiltn, na igvlilnotg ns iuy lrrnkuajr, grlkloêomgsn `grrlnotns `lr`uajrns ag`jans janjtgrljs mnogilojmjs vðrtl`ns qun prgmu`no uo juinotg mn aj rnslstno`lj ja igvlilnotg. No nstjs `lr`uostjo`ljs na rìklino mn eaubg sn aajij turfuanotg. turfua notg.
Ags nxpnrlinotgs iunstrjo qun na qun rìklino mn eaubg snj ajilojr g turfuanotg mnpnomn mn aj `gifloj`lðo mn `ujtrg ej`tgrns qun sn `gog`n `gig Oòinrg Oòi nrg mn Vnyogams.
Mgomn ϊ ns aj mnoslmjm mna eaulmg, v su vnag`lmjm inmlj, λ aj vls`gslmjm y M na mlêintrg mna tufg. Na oòinrg
mn Vnyogams ns uoj `jotlmjm slo mlinoslgons y tlnon na ilsig vjagr ouiìrl`g no `ujaqulnr slstnij `gdnrnotn mn uolmjmns. Mlvnrsgs nxpnrlinotgs djo mnigstrjmg qun pjrj OV ≭ 6888 na rìklino ns ajilojr ilnotrjs qun pjrj OV ≮ 0888 na rìklino ns turfuanotg. No aj zgoj notrn 6888 y 0888 na rìklino rìkl ino ns lonstjfan y punmn `jifljr
mn ajilojr j turfuanotg g vl`nvnrsj S6Y. XÌVMLMJP MN @JVKJ @JVKJ Aj pìrmlmj mn `jrkj ns aj mlsilou`lðo mn aj prnslðo no na lotnrlgr mn ajs tufnréjs `jusjmj pgr na igvlilnotg mna eaulmg S0Y. Xjrj `gog`nr su vjagr sn on`nsltj sjfnr, sgfrn tgmg2 -
Ajs mlinoslgons mn ajs tufnréjs pgr ajs qun `lr`uaj na eaulmg.
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Ajs `jrj`tnréstl`js mn aj fgifj qun slrvn sl rvn pjrj ijotnonr no igvlilnotg na eaulmg.
Ajs pìrmlmjs mn `jrkj punmno snr `gotloujs g ag`jalzjmjs2 -
Ajs `gotloujs sn prgmu`no j ag ajrkg mn tgmj aj aéonj mn aj `gomu``lðo.
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Ajs ag`jalzjmjs sn prgmu`no no puotgs slokuajrns, knonrjainotn `grrnspgomlnotns j plnzjs nspn`ljans qun dj`no vjrljr aj mlrn``lðo g aj sn``lðo mn pjsg mna eaulmg (rnmu``lgons, mnrlvj`lgons, `gmgs, vêavuajs, elatrgs, nt`.
6
Xìrmlmjs mn @jrkj @gotlouj
•
Xjrj `jmj intrg mn tufg, aj pìrmlmj mn `jrkj `gotlouj mna jkuj sn punmn `ja`uajr mgo aj egriuaj slkulnotn2
Mðomn2 r9pnrmlmj mn `jrkj `gotlouj uoltjrlj (Xj/i), Ej9ej`tgr mn rgzjilnotg (jmlinoslgoja), p9pnsg nspn`éel`g mna jkuj (ck/i0), v9vnag`lmjm inmlj mna jkuj (i/s), M9mlêintrg lotnrog mna tufg (i). Mn tgmgs ags tìrilogs mn aj n`uj`lðo sgag nstê lomntnrilojmg, uoj vnz snan``lgojmj uoj tufnréj, na ej`tgr mn rgzjilnotg Ej S=Y. Nstn ej`tgr mnpnomn euomjinotjainotn mn2 - Na rìklino mn igvlilnotg mna eaulmg. - Mn aj rukgslmjm mna tufg Xìrmlmjs mn @jrkj Ag`jalzjmj
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Mðomn2 r9pìrmlmj mn `jrkj `gotlouj uoltjrlj (Xj/i), Ej9ej`tgr mn m n rgzjilnotg (jmlinoslgoja), p9pnsg nspn`éel`g mna jkuj (ck/i0), v9vnag`lmjm inmlj mna jkuj (i/s), M 9 mlêintrg lotnrog mna tufg (i).
Laustrj`lðo 0.- @êa`uag
mn Ej, snkòo na rìklino mna eaulmg S>Y.
0
J`tlvlmjmns pgr mnsjrrgaajr2 :. :. Vnjal`n ags nbnr`l`lgs slkulnotns. j) j) Pn nstê prgpgr`lgojomg jkuj j uoj zjobj mn lrrlkj`lðo mnsmn uo mnpðsltg mn jaij`nojilnotg nanvjmg `gig sn iunstrj no aj a j elkurj. Aj tufnréj ns mn j`nrg `ginr`lja y aj vls`gslmjm `loniêtl`j ns mn x:8-5 plns6/s. @ja`uan na `jumja mn jkuj no aj zjobj.
+ 6 + ∛ 9 + 6 + ∛ + ℏ + ℏ
( )) 9 6 + + 6 + ( () + ( () 008 ( ) 06,6 =8 9 6 + 8,00>> + : 6 + 68 6 +:58 6 06,6(=8) 9 +>4:,4: 9 − : =+8>4:,∛06,46: 9 − :+ :644 >4:, 4 : 06,6(=8) 9 (: +>4:,4) 9 8,888=
e98,8:5
99::,=8 i0/s mn jkuj. Aj tufnréj ns mn dlnrrg egrbjmg `go uo mlêintrg lotnrlgr mn :88 ii. Na `gnel`lnotn mn pnrmlmjs C pjrj aj notrjmj ns 8.8=. Na jkuj sn mns`jrkj dj`lj aj jtiðsenrj. Aj mnoslmjm mna jkuj ns :888 ck/i0 y aj vls`gslmjm jfsgautj g mloêil`j ns mn :8-0 ck/is. Ags `gmgs sgo pjrj rnslstno`lj tgtja.
+ + 9 + + + ℏ∖ 9 ℏ + ℏ 6 ℏ 9 ∛∛ 6∛∛∛66 ∛ ∛ ∛ ∛ ℏ 9 6 + 6 ð + 6 6 ∛ ∛6∛ 6 (ℏ +6+ 68) 6 9 ∛ ∛∛∛6 + ∛ 6 + ∛ 6 + 6 ∛ ∛∛ 6 9
9 9 9 ℏ + 68 9 8 9 8
9 8.∛8.∛=:8.>: 9 : 9 9 ∛8.8.:8>4 9 6
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