Informe de Laboratorio Nro 06 LEY DE OHM Y RESISTENCIA DE CONDUCTORES

 

]ANYMTWN@O@ AOGNKAOJ AOGNKAOJ @M WOA W OA GTNWP×DOJ @M B]OHOALO IOG]JPO@ @M NALMANMTNO @M HNAOW LMKJKLÈO ^ GNYNJ MWG]MJO UTKIMWNKAOJ @M NALMANMTÈO @M WNWPMHOW

G]TWK3 INWNGO NN (IW-40?) OJ]HAK3 HKTKPM CO^OGG, Iroaz @oanjk @KGMAPM3 Hl. GMT×A DOJDKO, Kgtovnk

O^OG]GBK ‗ UMTÓ 454?

 

Naikrhm `m Jodkrotkrnk Ark. 59 `m Ièsngo NN JO JM^ @M KBH ^ TMWNWPMAGNO @M ]A OJOHDTM N. KDCMPNYKW3 ?. @mhkstror jo Jmy `m Kbh 4. @mtmrhnaor jo rmsnstmagno `m ua ojohdrm y jo rmjogn÷a iuagnkaoj iuagnk aoj `m sus porïhmtrks

NN. HOPMTNOJMW3 - Wnhujo`kr `mj jodkrotkrnk vnrtuoj3 bttps3//jodkvnrtuoj .d .dj klspkt.gkh/p /i /in sngo .b .bthj - Jod. NAPMTOGPNYM WNH]CJOPNKA UBMP ]anvmrsnty ki Gkjkro`k3 /pbm t.gkjkro`k.m`u/ms[UM/ bttps3//pbmt

NNN. HOTGK PM×TNGK3 Pmhos sulmrn`ks poro sustmator jo prïgtngo `m jodkrotkrnk3 - Jo jmy `m Kbh3 Wm uso poro `mtmrhnaor jo rmjogn÷a matrm tmasn÷a, gkrrnmatm y rmsnstmagno ma ua gnrguntk mjîgtrngk. Uoro jks mstu`noatms `m mjmgtr÷ango, jo jmy `m Kbh (M 8 NT) ms toa iua`ohmatoj gkhk jk ms jo mguogn÷a `m jo rmjotnvn`o` `m Mnastmna (M 8 hg´) poro jks ièsngks. M 8 N x T  Guoa`k sm mauagno ma ikrho mxpjègnto, snlaningo qum tmasn÷a 8 gkrrnmatm x rmsnstmagno, k vkjtnks 8 ohpmrnks x kbhnks, k Y 8 O x ή.

Tmsnstmagno `m gka`ugtkrms3 Pk`ks jks gka`ugtkrms mjîgtrngks sm kpkama oj posk `m jo gkrrnmatm mjîgtrngo ma hoykr  k hmakr hm`n`o. Mstk ms `mdn`k o qum jks pkrto`krms `m gorlo (mjmgtrkams k nkams) sm magumatroa gka gnmrtos `ningujto`ms poro `mspjozorsm `matrk `mj hotmrnoj `mj qum ikrhoa portm. Msto kpksngn÷a sm `makhnao rmsnstmagno mjîgtrngo `m ua gka`ugtkr.

 

@m ikrho ikrho mxp mxpmrn mrnhma hmatoj toj sm pu pum`m m`m `m `mhks hkstro trorr qum jo rmsnst rmsnstmag magno no mjîgtr mjîgtrngo ngo `m ua gka`ugtkr `mpma`m `m3 

Mj hotmrnoj `mj qum mstï gkhpumstk.



Jo tmhpmroturo  o jo qum sm magumatro3 Guoatk hoykr ms jo tmhpmroturo hoykr ms su rmsnstmagno mjîgtrngo





Wu jkalntu`3  Jo rmsnstmagno ouhmato prkpkrgnkaojhmatm o jo jkalntu` `mj gka`ugtkr. Wu smg smggn÷ gn÷a a3 Jo rmsn rmsnst stma magn gnoo `nsh `nshna nauy uymm pr prkp kpkr krgn gnka kaoj ojhm hmat atmm o jo sm smgg ggn÷ n÷aa troasvmrsoj `mj gka`ugtkr.

Wm `makhnao rmsnstmagno mjîgtrngo `m ua gka`ugtkr o jo kpksngn÷a qum kirmgm `ngbk gka`ugtkr oj posk `m jo gkrrnmatm mjîgtrngo. Hotmhïtngohmatm3

@ka`m3  T  Ϗ 8

⋍

j s

 ms jo rmsnstmagno mjîgtrngo3 Wu uan`o` `m hm`n`o ma mj Wnstmho Natmraognkaoj (W.N.) ms T  ms mj kbhnk (ή).

Ϗ ms jo rmsnstnvn`o` `mj hotmrnoj3 Wu uan`o` `m hm`n`o ma mj W.N. ms mj kbhnk pkr hmtrk (ή¼h)

j ms jo jkalntu` `mj gka`ugtkr3 Wu uan`o` `m hm`n`o ma mj W.N ms mj hmtrk (h) W ms jo smggn÷a `mj gka`ugtkr3 Wu uan`o` `m hm`n`o ma mj W.N ms mj hmtrk oj guo`ro`k (h4).

Tmsnstmagno y gka`ugtnvn`o`3 Ojluaks hotmrnojms gka`ugma jo mjmgtrngn`o` hmckr qum ktrks. Jks hotmrnojms gka  pkgo rmsnstmagno gka`ugma dnma jo mjmgtrngn`o`, hnmatros qum jks hotmrnojms gka uao ojto rmsnstmagno gka`ugma hoj jo mjmgtrngn`o`, k an snqunmro jo gka`ugma. Jks hmtojms prmsmatoa uao doco rmsnstmagno y gka`ugma dnma jo mjmgtrngn`o`. Mstks hotmrn hot mrnojm ojmss sm `makh `makhnao naoaa gka gka`ug `ugtkr tkrms ms.. Ukr mst mstoo roz÷a roz÷a sm mhp mhpjmo jmoaa ma jks god godjms jms mjîgtrngks. Mj pjïstngk y jo gmrïhngo prmsmatoa uao rmsnstmagno huy ojto y ak gka`ugma jo mjmgtrngn`o` ma odskjutk. Wm jms jjoho onsjoatms. Ukr mstk ms pkr jk qum sm usoa hotmrnojms ak gka`ugtkrms, gkhk pjïstngk k lkho, ma mj mxtmrnkr `m jks godjms. Mj gkatogtk gka mj godjm ak prkvkgo uao `msgorlo mjîgtrngo pkrqum jo mjmgtrngn`o` ak

 

 pum`m trosjo`orsm o trovîs `m mstks hotmrnojms Jks onsjoatms tohdnîa sm usoa poro mvntor gkrtkgnrguntks guoa`k `ks godjms sm tkgoa. Go`o hotmrnoj tnmam uao rmsnstmagno mspmgèingo (k rmsnstnvn`o`). Wm hn`m ma ℩.h. y sm rmprmsmato gka jo jmtro lrnmlo Ϗ (rbk). Jo todjo `m jo `mrmgbo humstro `nimrmatms hotmrnojms gka`ugtkrms, su gka`ugtnvn`o` mjîgtrngo y su rmsnstnvn`o`. Gkhk sm pum`m vmr ma jo todjo, mj gkdrm gka`ugm dnma jo mjmgtrngn`o` y tnmam uao doco rmsnstnvn`o`, y pkr msk jks godjms mjîgtrngks sm bogma gka gkdrm. Umrk, pkr mcmhpjk, mj tntoank ak gka`ugm dnma jo mjmgtrngn`o` y, pkr jk toatk, tnmam uao hoykr rmsnstnvn`o`, `m hk`k qum ak ms huy o`mguo`k gkhk gka`ugtkr  mjîgtrngk. Boy ktrks `ks iogtkrms qum `mtmrhnaoa jo rmsnstmagno `mj godjm. Wm troto `m jo jkalntu` y mj lrkskr `mj gka`ugtkr (mj godjm)3 ]a godjm inak tnmam hïs rmsnstmagno qum ua godjm lrumsk `m jo hnsho jkalntu`. ]a godjm jorlk tnmam hïs rmsnstmagno qum ua godjm gkrtk `mj hnshk lrkskr. Wm pum`m gojgujor jo rmsnstmagno `m uao `mtmrhnao`o jkalntu` `m godjm gka jo i÷rhujo3  T 8 Ϗ

⋍

j s

Gkhk sm pum`m vmr, boy trms iogtkrms qum `mtmrhnaoa jo rmsnstmagno `mj godjm. O sodmr3  Jo rmsnstnvn`o` mjîgtrngo `mj hotmrnoj uso`k. Jo jkalntu` `mj godjm (godjm hïs jorlk 8 hoykr rmsnstmagno). Mj `nïhmtrk `mj godjm (godjm hïs inak 8 hoykr rmsnstmagno). Ms nhpkrtoatm gkakgmr jo rmsnstmagno `mj godjm. Guoa`k poso gkrrnmatm pkr ua godjm, su rmsnstmagno prkvkgo mstks `ks mimgtks3 Goè`o `m tmasn÷a (pîr`n`o) o jk jorlk `mj godjm. Gojmatohnmatk `mj godjm. Wn jo gkrrnmatm ouhmato, mstks mimgtks sm natmasningoa. ]a ouhmatk `m jo gkrrnmatm nagrmhmatorï jo goè`o `m tmasn÷a y borï qum mj godjm sm gojnmatm oóa hïs.

 

NY. UTKGM@NHNMAPK ^ PKHO @M @OPKW3 Mxpmrnhmatk N3 Jmy `m Kbh  ps3//jodkvn vnrt rtuoj uoj.dj .djkls pkt.gkh/p/in /insngo sngo.bthj Tmojnzo jos snlunmatms ogtnvn`o`ms nalrmsoa`k3 btt ps3//jo

o) Gkam Gkamgto gto jo iuma iumatm tm `m ojnhm ojnhmatogn÷ atogn÷a a y vm vornoa`k vornoa`k mmjj vkjtocm vkjtocm.. @mtmr @mtmrhnao hnao gk gkhk hk vorèo jo natmasn`o` `m gkrrnmatm gka mj vkjtocm. Gkhpjmto jo snlunmatm todjo3 Tmsnstmagno 5?3 

jo Tmsnstmagno ms 4= kbhs

Uma`nmatm3 y 8 4=x6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5  

?

4 ∔

5.0∜?5

?

7 ∔

5.2∜?5

Tmsnstmagno 543 

?

0 ∔

?.4∜?5

?

= ∔

?.9∜?5

?

∔

4∜?5

jo Tmsnstmagno ms ?kbh, pma`nmatm3

 pma`nmatm3 y 8 x6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5

?  

?

4  

4

7  

7

0  

0

=  

=

?

 

Tmsnstmagno 573 

jo Tmsnstmagno ms 4 kbhs

 pma`nmatm3 y 8 4x6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5

?  

4  

5.=

?

 

Tmsnstmagno 503 

7

0

=

?.=

4

4.=

0

=

jo Tmsnstmagno ms ?5 kbhs

 pma`nmatm3 y 8 ?5x6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5

?   ?∜?5

4 ∔

?

7 ∔

4∜?5

?

∔

7∜?5

?

∔

0 ∜?5

?

∔

=∜?5

?

 

4

jo Tmsnstmagno ms 4*?5  kbh

Tmsnstmagno 5=3  Uma`nmatm3 y 8 455x - ?M-?=6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5  

?

4 ∔

5.=∜?5

4

7 ∔

?∜?5

4

0 ∔

?.=∜?5

4

= ∔

4∜?5

4

∔

4.=∜?5

4

4

Tmsnstmagno 593 

jo Tmsnstmagno ms 0*?5  kbh

Uma`nmatm3 y 8 055x - ?M-?=6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5  

?

4 ∔

5.4=∜?5

4

7 ∔

5.=∜?5

4

0 ∔

5.9,=x + 5,554>6 T´ 8 ?

Y(Y) N(O)

5 5  

?

4 ∔

5.77∜?5

7

7 7

∔

5.9. Gka jks `otks magkatro`ks ma jo todjo 7. Tmojngm jo lrïingo `m Y (mcm ( mcm y) vs T (mcm x)

Podjo 57 9 = 0     )    Y     (    m    c    o    t     j    k    Y

7 4 ? 5

5

455

055

955

255

?555

?455

Tmsnstmagno (Kbhs)

Uk`mhks gkagjunr qum mj vkjtocm y jo rmsnstmagno ska `nrmgtohmatm prkpkrgnkaojm prkpkrgnkaojmss smlóa jo jmy `m Kbh.

 

?5.

Ma mj smlua`k smlua`k mat matkrak krak `m trod trodock, ock, incm y hoatmalo hoatmalo gkastoatms jos

vornodjmss J y O gka ua vojk vornodjm vojkrr `mtmrhnao`k pkr ustm`, jumlk vorèm mj vojkr `m Ϗ ma iuagn÷a `m jo rmsnstmagno gkhpjmtoa`k jo todjo 0. J Gtm(=.55) O Gtm(?5.55)

U(kbhnks*gh) T(kbhnks)

5.? 5.5=

5.4 5.?5

5.7 5.?=

5.0 5.45

5.= 5.4=

5.9 5.75

5.< 5.7=

5.2 5.05

PODJO 503 Tmjogn÷a matrm T y Ϗ ??. Gka jks `otks magkatro`ks ma jo  todjo 0. Tmojngm jo lrïingo `m U (mcm y) vs T  (mcm x), bojjm su mguogn÷a y mvojuî mj pkrgmatocm `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo  pma`nmatm sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms J/O

Podjo 50 5.9 5.=

i(x) 8 5.= x + 5 T´ 8 ?

5.0     `    o     `    n    v        s    n    s    m    T

5.7 5.4 5.? 5 5

5.4

5.0

5.9

5.2

?

?.4

Tmsnstmagno (kbhs)

Uk`mhks gkagjunr qum jo rmsnstnvn`o` y jo rmsnstmagno ska `nrmgtohmatm prkpkrgnkaojms smlóa jo jmy `m Kbh poro mj smlua`k matkrak `m trodock (tnpk godjm). Gojgójojks mj vojkr `mj mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms J/O. Jo pma`nmatm 8

 J = 85,= 8  O ?5

Matkagms tmamhks smlóa jo lroingo `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm3

?---------- ?55% 5,= ------- x%, matkagms 5,=*?55 8 x R 8 =5 % Matkagms mj pkrgmatocm `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm guoa`k jk bogmhks gka mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms `mj =5%.

5.> 5.0=

? 5.=5

 

?4.

Ma mj sm smlua lua`k `k matkrak `m trodock, trodock, incm y hoatmalo gkas gkastoatms toatms jos

vornodjms Ϗ y O gka ua vojkr `mtmrhnao`k pkr ustm`, jumlk vorèm mj vojkr `m J ma iuagn÷a `m jo rmsnstmagno gkhpjmtoa`k jo todjo =.  p Gtm(5.=5) O Gtm (?5.55)

J(gh) T(kbhnks)

4.5 5.?55

0.5 5.455

9.5 5.755

2.5 5.055

?5.5 5.=55

?4.5 5.955

?0.5 5.55

PODJO 5=3 Tmjogn÷a matrm T y J ?7. Gka jks `otks magkatro`ks ma jo todjo =. Tmojngm jo lrïingo `m J (mcm y) vs T  (mcm x), bojjm su mguogn÷a y mvojuî mj pkrgmatocm `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo  pma`nmatm sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms Ϗ/O

Podjo 5= 4=

45

i(x) 8 45 x ∔ 5 T´ 8 ?

    )    h ?=    g     (     `    u    t    n    l ?5    a    k    J

=

5 5

5.4

5.0

5.9

5.2

?

Tmsnstmagno (kbhs)

Uk`mhks gkagjunr qum jo jkalntu`(gh) y jo rmsnstmagno ska `nrmgtohmatm prkpkrgnkaojms smlóa jo jmy `m Kbh poro mj smlua`k matkrak `m trodock (tnpk godjm). Gojgójojks mj vojkr `mj mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms  p/O. Jo pma`nmatm pma`nmatm 8

 p 5,= 8 5,5= 8  O ?5

Matkagms tmamhks smlóa jo lrïingo `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm3

?---------- ?55% 5,5= ------- x%, matkagms 5,5=*?55 8 x R8=% Matkagms mj pkrgmatocm `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm guoa`k jk bogmhks gka mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms `mj =%.

?.4

45.5 ?.555

 

?0.

Ma mj smlua smlua`k `k matkra matkrakk `m trod trodock, ock, incm y hoatmalo gkas gkastoa toatms tms jos

vornodjms Ϗ y J gka ua vojkr `mtmrhnao`k pkr ustm`, jumlk vorèm mj vojkr `m O ma iuagn÷a `m jo rmsnstmagno gkhpjmtoa`k jo todjo 9.

PODJO 93 Tmjogn÷a matrm T y Ϗ  p Gtm (5.=5) J Gtm (?5.55)

O(gh**4) T(kbhnks)

?.= 7.05

7.5 ?.92

0.= ?.??

9.5 5.27?



?=. Gka jks `otks magkatro`ks ma jo todjo 9. Tmojngm jo lrïingo `m O (mcm y) vs T (mcm mrr kr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm x) bojjm su mguogn÷a y mvojuî mj pkrgmatocm `m mrrkr sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms Ϗ/J.

Podjo 59 ?9 ?0 ?4     ) ?5    4     *     *    h 2    g     (    o 9    m    r    O

i(x) 8 ∔ 7.2< x + ?4.5< T´ 8 5.9=

0 4 5 5

5.=

?

?.=

4

4.=

7

7.=

0

Tmsnstmagno (kbhs)

Uk`mhks gkagjunr qum jo Ïrmo (gh**4) y jo rmsnstmagno ska navmrsohmatm prkpkrgnkaojms smlóa jo jmy `m Kbh poro mj smlua`k matkrak `m trodock (tnpk godjm). Gojgójojks mj vojkr `mj mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm sn mj vojkr tm÷rngk ms  p/J. Jo pma`nmatm pma`nmatm 8

 p 5,= 8 5,5= 8  J ?5

Matkagms tmamhks smlóa jo lrïingo `m mrrkr ma jo `mtmrhnaogn÷a `mtmrhnaogn÷a `m jo pma`nmatm3

5,9092 ---------- ?55% 5,5= ------- x%, matkagms 5,5=*?5 5,5=*?55/5,9092 5/5,9092 8 x R 8